Method for supplying at least one low-voltage load and electronic power supply and / or power distribution device

Abstract

In order to supply at least one low-voltage load (2) with an output current (la) of an electronic power supply and / or power distribution device (1, 20), at least two overcurrent ranges (B1, B2) are defined for the output current (la) and a maximum overcurrent duration (tB1max; tB2max) is assigned to each range. According to the invention, the overcurrent ranges (B1, B2) can be adapted to an overcurrent requirement of the low-voltage load (2) in terms of their level (H1, H2), their respective maximum overcurrent duration (tB1max; tB2max) and / or the number thereof. As a result, the electronic power supply and / or power distribution device (1, 20) can be adapted even more individually and thus better to an overcurrent requirement of the low-voltage load (2).

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] Method for supplying at least one low-voltage load and electronic power supply and / or distribution device

[0003] The invention relates to a method for supplying at least one low-voltage load with an output current of an electronic power supply and / or distribution device according to the preamble of patent claim 1. The invention further relates to an electronic power supply and / or distribution device according to the preamble of patent claim 11.

[0004] In industrial automation technology (e.g., in discrete manufacturing or process engineering) or in building automation, electronic power supply devices are widely used to supply low-voltage electrical loads, such as controllers, sensors, pumps, valves, etc., with electrical energy from a utility grid. The loads are supplied with a suitable, often predefined voltage by the power supply device.

[0005] For this purpose, the power supply device can be designed, for example, as a device, system, or circuit for converting electrical energy supplied by an energy generator, storage device, or power grid. Typically, a high voltage level on the input side of a single-phase or three-phase power grid, such as a 400V or 230V AC voltage, is converted to a lower, usually constant voltage level predefined for the load (e.g., 24V or 48V DC as the nominal output voltage) on an output side of the power supply device.

[0006] Such power supply devices are typically designed as clocked power supplies or switching power supplies (sometimes also referred to as switching power supplies) and are known, for example, from EP 3322076 A1. They typically have a housing and can be mounted on a DIN rail.

[0007] Such a switch-mode power supply or switching power supply typically comprises an input stage, for example, in the form of a rectifier unit, an intermediate circuit, and a switching converter, which converts the AC voltage from the mains into a DC voltage for powering the load. The power supply then converts the usually unstabilized input voltage into a constant output voltage for the electrical load, with a constant output voltage and / or output current achieved by regulating the energy flow. Depending on the application or the requirements of the respective load, the output voltage can be higher or lower than the input voltage.

[0008] A power distribution device can be understood, for example, as a device or module, an arrangement of several modules or a circuit which divides a current provided by a power supply device (such as a device or circuit for energy conversion as mentioned above) between several branches, each of which supplies power to a low-voltage load. Such a power distribution device reliably monitors the current in the individual branches for overload and short circuit. It tolerates short-term current peaks in the branches, e.g. due to high inrush current, up to a maximum level. Branches with longer overloads or short circuits, on the other hand, have their current limited or are switched off, while the remaining branches and the loads connected to them continue to be supplied without interruption. For this purpose, power semiconductors such as MOSFETs, bipolar transistors or similar are usually inserted into a current path of the branch.This can prevent a total failure of an automation system and the system it controls. Due to these selective protective measures with regard to the individual feeders, such power distribution devices are often referred to as "fuse modules" or "selectivity modules." The currents in the feeders are usually limited and / or switched using electronic switching elements that are connected to the feeders. Known fuse modules or selectivity modules, for example, offer up to eight feeders or outputs with a maximum output current of up to 10 A each. Such a fuse module or selectivity module is known, for example, from EP 2 764 592 B1.

[0009] Low-voltage loads in the aforementioned applications may have temporarily increased output power and current requirements, for example, during startup or switching operations. Higher-quality switching power supplies therefore sometimes offer the ability to supply loads for a limited time that consume more current and power than the power supply can nominally deliver.

[0010] Since increased power requirements are usually only temporary, while simultaneously meeting requirements such as low cooling requirements and a small footprint for the power supply, such switching power supplies are also designed for only short-term overload. This means that while the devices can deliver more power than their nominal values, this increased power is only available for a short time to prevent the device from overheating. After the increased power is delivered, a longer cooling phase is then required.

[0011] It is already known to limit the maximum permissible time for a short-term overload depending on the level of the overload.

[0012] For example, switching power supplies are known in which two immediately adjacent overcurrent ranges are defined for the output current. These ranges are above a threshold value (e.g., the rated current IN or the continuous short-circuit current of the power supply devices), each of which is assigned a maximum overcurrent duration. The maximum overcurrent duration can then be selected to avoid an unacceptably high thermal load on the power supply device. As a rule, the higher the overcurrent range, the smaller the duration.

[0013] An "overcurrent" is defined as a current greater than the rated current. An "overcurrent range" is defined by an upper and a lower range limit. The upper range limit is defined by a larger overcurrent value, and the lower range limit is defined by a smaller overcurrent value. The "height" of the overcurrent range is defined by the difference between the larger and smaller values ​​of the range limits.

[0014] For example, the following two overcurrent ranges and maximum overcurrent durations can be defined:

[0015] Thus, more current or power can be delivered for the specified overcurrent durations than specified in the nominal values ​​of the switching power supply. Once a maximum overcurrent duration has elapsed, the increased current or power output is blocked and a cooling phase begins. Based on this, the object of the present invention is to provide a method and / or a power supply and / or distribution device that enable an even better power supply to a low-voltage load.

[0016] This object is achieved by a method according to patent claim 1 and a power supply and / or distribution device according to patent claim 13. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the subclaims.

[0017] In a method according to the invention for supplying at least one low-voltage load with an output current of an electronic power supply and / or distribution device, at least two (preferably directly adjacent) overcurrent ranges are defined for the output current, each of which is assigned a maximum overcurrent duration. The overcurrent ranges are adaptable to an overcurrent requirement of the low-voltage load with regard to their magnitude, their respective maximum overcurrent duration, and / or their number. They are preferably above a threshold value for the output current, e.g., above the rated current l N or the continuous short-circuit current of the power supply and / or distribution device.

[0018] Depending on whether the load has a very high overcurrent demand for a very short time or a relatively low overcurrent demand for a longer period, the overcurrent ranges can then be individually adapted within the thermal load limits of the power supply and / or distribution device in terms of their magnitude, their respective maximum overcurrent duration, and / or their number to a low-voltage load connected to the output side of the power supply and / or distribution device. For example, the power supply and / or distribution device can be adapted to a short-term, defined overload operation of motors. This enables an even more customized and thus improved power supply to a low-voltage load.

[0019] For example, a user of the power supply and / or distribution device can be offered several different overload profiles to choose from, which then define the overcurrent ranges in terms of their number, magnitude and maximum overcurrent duration.

[0020] For example, three overload profiles P1 to P3 can be offered, each with the same number but different heights and partly different assigned maximum overcurrent duration of the overcurrent ranges B1, B2 according to the following table, where the ranges are related to a nominal current l N the power supply and / or distribution device are defined: The overcurrent areas are located directly adjacent to and above the rated current IN of the power supply and / or distribution device.

[0021] According to another example, a user of the power supply and / or distribution device may be offered three overload profiles N1 to N3, each with a different number of overcurrent ranges, some with different levels and different associated maximum overcurrent durations, according to the following table, wherein the ranges are defined with respect to a nominal current IN of the power supply and / or distribution device:

[0022] The overcurrent ranges are directly adjacent and arranged above the rated current IN of the power supply and / or distribution device. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, a user of the power supply and / or distribution device is offered two or more different overload profiles for selection, in particular via a user interface of the power supply and / or distribution device, wherein a first of the overload profiles comprises the at least two overcurrent ranges and the other(s) of the overload profiles also comprises(s) at least two overcurrent ranges, wherein the overcurrent ranges of the two or more overload profiles differ in terms of their magnitude, respective maximum overcurrent duration and / or number.An overload profile selected by the user then defines the overcurrent ranges of the power supply and / or distribution device in terms of their height, respective maximum overcurrent duration and number.

[0023] The power supply and / or distribution device can be designed, for example, as a device, system, or circuit for converting electrical energy supplied by an energy generator, storage device, or power grid, in particular as a switched-mode power supply or switching power device. The output current can then refer to a current at an output of this device, system, or circuit.

[0024] The power supply and / or distribution device can, for example, also be designed as a fuse module or selectivity module with several branches and the output current can refer to a current at an output of a branch of this module.

[0025] The power supply and / or distribution device can also comprise an arrangement of several interconnected fuse modules or selectivity modules, each with one or more branches, which are all supplied by the same supply voltage and preferably at least exchange information about the respective load states with each other or report this to a higher-level instance, which can also report switching commands if necessary. The power supply and / or distribution device can also comprise a combination of a power supply device (e.g., converter as described above) and a number of selectivity modules (as described above), wherein in the event of an overload, the respective lower overload capacity of the converter or selectivity module(s) defines the maximum possible overload capacity.According to an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, a plurality of low-voltage loads are each supplied with an output current of an electronic power supply and / or distribution device, wherein for each of the output currents in the power supply and / or distribution device at least two overcurrent ranges are defined, each of which is assigned a maximum overcurrent duration, wherein the overcurrent ranges are adaptable to an overcurrent requirement of the respective low-voltage load with regard to their respective magnitude, their respective maximum overcurrent duration and / or their respective number.

[0026] The overcurrent ranges can be adjusted in a very user-friendly manner via a user interface of the power supply and / or distribution device. The user interface can, for example, be a graphical user interface (e.g., a display) integrated into the power supply and / or distribution device. However, it can also be a user interface through which a separate device with a graphical user interface (e.g., a notebook or smartphone) can be connected to the power supply and / or distribution device via the internet or another communication medium.

[0027] According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the overcurrent ranges can therefore be adapted to an overcurrent requirement of the low-voltage load via a user interface of the power supply and / or distribution device with regard to their height, their respective maximum overcurrent duration and / or their number.

[0028] According to an advantageous embodiment, the output current within one of the overcurrent ranges is provided only for a maximum duration corresponding to the maximum overcurrent duration assigned to the respective overcurrent range. In other words, if the output current temporarily flows (or remains) exclusively within one of the overcurrent ranges, i.e., the output current does not leave this overcurrent range, the output current is only provided for the maximum overcurrent duration assigned to the respective overcurrent range. This maximum overcurrent duration can then be defined such that the power supply and / or distribution device is not thermally overloaded by the power supply.

[0029] However, it is also conceivable that the maximum duration for providing the output current corresponds to a preset value within the maximum overcurrent duration of the overcurrent range. By reducing the maximum overcurrent duration in this way, a specific load can be protected, for example, or a desired output current profile can be set.

[0030] If the overcurrent range is temporarily left, this maximum duration may also depend on any cooling-off times.

[0031] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the output current is provided within several of the overcurrent ranges only for a maximum duration, which depends on the duration the output current remains in the respective overcurrent ranges. In other words, if the output current temporarily flows (or remains) exclusively within several of the overcurrent ranges, i.e., the output current does not temporarily leave these several overcurrent ranges, the output current is provided during this time only for a maximum duration, which depends on the duration the output current remains in the respective overcurrent ranges. This maximum duration can then be defined such that the power supply and / or distribution device is not thermally overloaded by the power supply.An example of this would be the output current entering a first of the overcurrent ranges and the output current passing over several overcurrent ranges until the output current exits a last of the overcurrent ranges.

[0032] The underlying consideration here is that if a maximum overcurrent duration assigned to an overcurrent range is not fully utilized, thermal reserves for a current in one or more other different overcurrent ranges still exist that can be utilized. Ultimately, the thermal load of the power supply and / or distribution device is determined by the total of the respective dwell times of the output current in the various overcurrent ranges.

[0033] This makes it possible to switch or toggle the output current between the multiple overcurrent ranges, with the maximum duration of the overcurrent supply being automatically adjusted. The power supply and / or distribution device can thus automatically adapt to the low-voltage load, i.e., it is essentially "self-adaptive" with respect to the low-voltage load. Users then do not need to delve deeply into the power requirements of their low-voltage load.

[0034] If the device temporarily leaves one of the multiple overcurrent ranges, this maximum duration can also depend on any cooling-down times. After the maximum duration has elapsed, the output current is preferably limited to a defined value or interrupted. The defined value for the limitation is preferably below the lowest overcurrent range, e.g. it is the rated current or the continuous short-circuit current of the power supply and / or distribution device. The defined value can depend on one or more parameters, e.g. the ambient temperature, cooling conditions or the input voltage of the power supply and / or distribution device. The defined value can therefore also be determined dynamically shortly before the current limitation occurs.

[0035] With such a current limit, the output voltage will then reduce if the increased load continues to be present. This type of operating state can then be possible for an unlimited or limited period of time. In the unlimited operating state, the reduced output power or the reduced output current will then continue to be supplied throughout a complete cooling-down phase. In the time-limited operating state, the device can be switched off at the end of the time limit. After a shutdown and the associated cooling-down phase, it can then be switched on again either manually or by a control system located in the power supply and / or distribution device or externally in order to enable a restart.

[0036] The overload behavior described above can be implemented particularly easily by assigning a counter to each of the overcurrent ranges.

[0037] Such counters make it very easy to determine the thermal load of the power supply and / or distribution device by the respective overcurrent range. The counter value then represents the level of utilization of the thermal capacity or thermal reserve of the power supply and / or distribution device by the respective assigned overcurrent range at a specific time. This means, in turn, that it represents a measure of how much heating can still be tolerated in the given overload range before a limit temperature is reached on at least one component.

[0038] Overcurrent periods with corresponding heating of the power supply and / or distribution device can be taken into account by the meter changing its counter values ​​in a first direction (e.g., increasing) when the output current is within its assigned overcurrent range. Cooling times can be taken into account by the meter changing its counter values ​​in a second direction opposite to the first direction (e.g., reducing) when the output current is below its assigned overcurrent range, particularly when the output current is limited to a predefined value after a maximum duration has elapsed.

[0039] The rate of change of the counter values ​​in the first direction (e.g., increase) or second direction (e.g., decrease) can then directly reflect the increase or decrease in the thermal load caused by the respective output current. As a rule, the rate of change of the counter values ​​in the first direction (e.g., increase) will be faster the higher the current, and will always be significantly faster than the rate of change of the counter values ​​(e.g., decrease) due to a decrease in the thermal load caused by cooling.

[0040] Counters of different overcurrent ranges can then count at different speeds. For example, a counter of a lower overcurrent range can count at a lower speed than a counter of a higher overcurrent range. This allows different heating rates to be represented, which in the simplest case are caused by a higher current I according to the relationship P v = R*l 2 (with P v = thermal power loss, R = ohmic resistance) causes disproportionately increasing losses at certain electrical parasitic resistances such as the internal resistance of semiconductors or winding materials.

[0041] The maximum overcurrent duration assigned to a respective overcurrent range can be defined by a predefined condition for a counter value (e.g. a maximum value) of the assigned counter.

[0042] In the case described above that the output current is within one of the overcurrent ranges, according to a particularly simple embodiment, the maximum duration of the provision of the overcurrent is reached when the counter assigned to the overcurrent range fulfills a predetermined condition (e.g. reaches a defined maximum value).

[0043] In the case described above, where the output current extends within several of the overcurrent ranges, according to a particularly simple embodiment, the maximum duration of the overcurrent provision is reached when a combination (e.g. sum) of the counter values ​​of the counters assigned to the several overcurrent ranges fulfills a predetermined condition (e.g. reaches a defined maximum value). A limitation of the output current to the defined value can then be canceled if at least one of the counters has reached a different (e.g. lower) counter reading than at the time the current limitation occurred. The time period for limiting the output current can also be adjustable, as long as this is thermally acceptable. The time period until the current limitation is canceled can also depend on one or more parameters, such asambient temperature, cooling condition or input voltage of the power supply and / or distribution device.

[0044] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the magnitude of the overcurrent ranges is less than 1 / 10 of the rated current of the power supply and / or distribution device. This makes it possible to provide a multitude of overcurrent ranges or profiles, which can then be used to simulate, ideally, the I2t characteristic of a circuit breaker, even adaptively with respect to the load. This allows very high starting currents of motors to be permitted for short periods, but a long, low overload of this motor can still lead to current limitation after a corresponding period of time. A limitation in the magnitude and number of overcurrent ranges can, if necessary, be achieved by a resolution limit in the A / D conversion of measured output current values.

[0045] In a method explained above, in which a plurality of low-voltage loads are each supplied with an output current of an electronic power supply and / or distribution device, according to a further advantageous embodiment, a maximum duration of a provision of one of the plurality of output currents within one of the overcurrent ranges defined for it or within the plurality of overcurrent ranges defined for it is dependent on at least one other of the plurality of output currents.

[0046] The underlying idea is that thermal capacities of the power supply and / or distribution device that are simultaneously kept free but not used for one or more of the other output streams (i.e., their "overload quotas") can be used for one or more of the other output streams in order to increase the maximum duration of the overload current provision for this one(s). This could, for example, be achieved by means of a defined prioritization of the output streams.

[0047] When using counters, this can be achieved very easily by monitoring the counter values ​​of all counters at a higher level. For example, it can be checked whether a combination, especially the sum, of the counter values ​​of all counters meets a specified condition (e.g., maximum value). The maximum duration for providing the first output current (or subsequent output currents) can be determined based on this.

[0048] A higher-level overload management system can then allocate the existing overload quotas to the individual output streams.

[0049] This could be relevant, for example, if output circuits of the output currents are thermally connected to each other, e.g. via a common heat sink, a common choke for a sum current of the output currents, a common OV terminal of the output currents, etc.

[0050] Due to the individual outputs and their thermal load, as well as the possibly limited thermal connection between the individual outputs, it may occur that the use of the overloads not yet called up must follow a predetermined model in order to avoid local overheating.

[0051] The object of the invention is also achieved by an electronic power supply and / or distribution device designed to provide at least one output current for supplying a low-voltage load, wherein at least two overcurrent ranges are defined for the output current, each of which is assigned a maximum overcurrent duration. The overcurrent ranges are adaptable to the overcurrent requirement of the low-voltage load with regard to their magnitude, their respective maximum overcurrent duration, and / or their number.

[0052] The power supply and / or distribution device can be designed, for example, as a device, system, or circuit for converting electrical energy supplied by an energy generator, storage device, or power grid, in particular as a switched-mode power supply or switching power device. The output current can then refer to a current at an output of this device, system, or circuit.

[0053] The power supply and / or distribution device can, for example, also be designed as a fuse module or selectivity module with multiple branches, and the output current can refer to a current at an output of a branch of this module. According to one embodiment, the electronic power supply and / or distribution device is designed to provide multiple output currents for supplying a respective low-voltage load, wherein at least two overcurrent ranges are defined for each of the output currents, each of which is assigned a maximum overcurrent duration. The overcurrent ranges can be adapted to an overcurrent requirement of the respective low-voltage load with regard to their respective magnitude, their respective maximum overcurrent duration, and / or their respective number.

[0054] To adapt the overcurrent ranges, the power supply and / or distribution device may include a user interface.

[0055] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the power supply and / or distribution device is designed to provide the respective output current within one of the overcurrent ranges only for a maximum duration which corresponds to the maximum overcurrent duration assigned to the respective range, or which corresponds to a predeterminable value within this maximum overcurrent duration.

[0056] According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the power supply and / or distribution device is designed to provide the respective output current within a plurality of the overcurrent ranges only for a maximum duration which depends on a residence time of the output current in the respective overcurrent ranges.

[0057] The power supply and / or distribution device is preferably designed to limit or interrupt the respective output current to a defined value after the maximum duration has elapsed.

[0058] According to a further particularly advantageous embodiment, the power supply and / or distribution device has a counter for each of the overcurrent areas.

[0059] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the power supply and / or distribution device is designed such that the counter changes its counter values ​​in a first direction when the output current lies within its assigned overcurrent range, and preferably changes its counter values ​​in a second direction opposite to the first direction when the output current lies below its assigned overcurrent range, in particular when the output current is limited to a predefined value after a maximum period has elapsed. Counters of different overcurrent ranges can then count at different speeds.

[0060] In the case described above that the output current is within one of the overcurrent ranges, the maximum duration of the provision of the overcurrent is preferably reached when the counter assigned to the overcurrent range fulfills a predetermined condition (e.g. reaches a defined maximum value).

[0061] In the case described above that the output current runs within several of the overcurrent ranges, the maximum duration of the provision of the overcurrent is preferably reached when a combination (e.g. sum) of the counter values ​​of the counters assigned to the several overcurrent ranges fulfills a predetermined condition (e.g. reaches a defined maximum value).

[0062] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the power supply and / or distribution device is designed such that the limitation of the output current to the predefined value is lifted if at least one of the counters has reached a different (e.g. lower) counter reading than at the time the current limitation occurred.

[0063] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the height of the overcurrent ranges is less than 1 / 10 of the rated current of the power supply and / or distribution device.

[0064] In an electronic power supply and / or distribution device as explained above, which is designed to provide a plurality of output currents for supplying a respective low-voltage load, according to an advantageous embodiment, a maximum duration of a provision of one of the plurality of output currents within the overcurrent range defined for it or within the plurality of overcurrent ranges defined for it is dependent on at least one other of the plurality of output currents.

[0065] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the electronic power supply and / or distribution device is designed to offer a user of the power supply and / or distribution device, in particular via a user interface of the power supply and / or distribution device, two or more different overload profiles for selection, wherein a first of the overload profiles comprises the at least two overcurrent ranges and the other or the other overload profiles also comprise or comprise at least two overcurrent ranges, wherein the overcurrent ranges of the two or more overload profiles differ in terms of their level, respective maximum overcurrent duration and / or number.

[0066] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the electronic power supply and / or distribution device comprises a user interface via which the overcurrent ranges can be adapted to an overcurrent requirement of the respective low-voltage load with regard to their height, their respective maximum overcurrent duration and / or their number.

[0067] The advantages mentioned for the method according to the invention apply accordingly to the power supply and / or distribution device according to the invention.

[0068] The advantageous embodiments mentioned for the method according to the invention and for the power supply and / or distribution device according to the invention can in principle also be used in a method according to the preamble of claim 1 or in a power supply and / or distribution device according to the preamble of claim 13, ie also in a method or a power supply and / or distribution device in which the overcurrent areas cannot be adapted to an overcurrent requirement of the low-voltage load with regard to their level, the maximum overcurrent duration and / or their number.

[0069] The invention and further advantageous embodiments of the invention according to the features of the subclaims are explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments in the figures, in which:

[0070] FIG 1 shows a schematic structure of a power supply device according to the invention with a single output current,

[0071] FIG 2 shows a schematic representation of an overload profile with two overcurrent ranges,

[0072] FIG 3 a schematic representation of an overload profile with four overcurrent ranges,

[0073] FIG 4 shows a first exemplary profile of an output current in the overcurrent ranges of FIG 3, FIG 5 shows a second exemplary profile of an output current in the overcurrent ranges of FIG 3,

[0074] FIG 6 shows a third exemplary curve of an output current in the overcurrent ranges of FIG 3,

[0075] FIG 7 shows a fourth exemplary curve of an output current in the overcurrent ranges of FIG 3,

[0076] FIG 8 is a schematic representation of an overload profile with overcurrent ranges with a height of less than 1 / 10 of the rated current,

[0077] FIG 9 is a schematic representation of a power distribution device according to the invention with several branches and output currents.

[0078] An electronic power supply device 1 according to the invention, shown schematically in FIG. 1, is designed, for example, as a clocked power supply or as a switched-mode power supply (switching mode power supply).

[0079] It has a housing 4 and is designed to be mounted on a DIN rail. This makes it particularly easy to install in control cabinets.

[0080] Typically, a switched-mode power supply and / or distribution device designed as a switched-mode power supply (switching power supply) comprises a power section and a control and / or regulating unit (hereinafter referred to as the "controller") for controlling the power section. The power section essentially consists of a converter, with various types such as flyback converters, forward converters, push-pull converters, boost converters, buck converters, etc. Depending on the current form occurring on the input and output sides, a distinction is further made between, for example, direct current-to-direct current converters (DC-DC converters), alternating current-to-direct current converters (AC-DC converters), or direct current-to-alternating current converters (DC-AC converters).

[0081] In the embodiment according to FIG 1, it is assumed that a low-voltage DC load 2 (hereinafter referred to as “load”) is supplied from an AC voltage source U eand thus an AC-DC converter is used. However, this is not to be considered limiting; rather, other types of converters can also be used within the scope of the invention.

[0082] The AC-DC converter preferably comprises a resonant converter as described by way of example in EP 3 322 076 A1, although this is not to be regarded as limiting.

[0083] For this purpose, the power supply device comprises a rectifier unit GL, a first converter stage W1, an intermediate circuit Z and a second converter stage W2.

[0084] The power supply device 1 is connected on the input side to the AC voltage source U e or a three-phase mains voltage U econnected to three phases Li, L2, L3. The mains voltage Ue forms the input voltage for the rectifier unit GL of the power supply device 1. The rectifier unit GL, which is designed, for example, as a 6-pulse rectifier, converts the mains voltage U e rectified.

[0085] The first converter stage W1 can set a voltage transformation ratio at least less than or equal to 1, optionally also greater than 1. The first converter stage W1 has a buck converter functionality. This means that the first converter stage W1 can be designed, for example, as a buck converter or a buck converter, such as a boost-buck converter, flux converter, Cuk converter, SEPIC converter, etc., which has a buck converter function, can be used. The first converter stage W1 is connected on the input side to the rectifier unit GL. The output voltage of the rectifier unit GL - in principle the rectified mains voltage U e - forms the input voltage of the first converter stage W1. From the output voltage of the first converter stage W1, an intermediate circuit voltage U z formed.

[0086] The second converter stage W2 is connected on the input side to the first converter stage W1. The second converter stage W2 is designed as a resonant converter, in particular as a so-called LLC converter. The intermediate circuit voltage U z or the output voltage of the first converter stage W1 forms the input voltage of the second converter stage W2 or the resonant converter W2.

[0087] The intermediate circuit Z can, for example, comprise an intermediate circuit capacitor C. Additional components can be connected to the intermediate circuit Z, e.g., additional capacitors to improve EMC properties. On the output side, the power supply device 1 can be electrically connected to the load 2 via a power bus 3 (as shown here) or alternatively directly (not shown). Multiple loads can also be present, connected in parallel to the power bus 3 and supplied with electrical energy from it.

[0088] By regulating the energy flow through the converter stages W1, W2 with the aid of a controller K, preferably a digital one, the mostly unstabilized input voltage U e into a regulated output voltage U a (e.g. a DC voltage of 28 V or 48 V) to supply load 2. The rectifier unit GL in conjunction with the first converter stage W1 generates a constant intermediate circuit voltage Uz and the downstream second converter stage W2 then serves to regulate the output voltage U a and the output current l a .

[0089] To regulate the energy flow through the converter stages W1, W2, these have electronic switching elements (not shown in detail) which can be controlled by the controller K via manipulated variables Swi, Sw2.

[0090] Furthermore, the power supply device 1 comprises a current measuring device 5 (e.g. a measuring resistor) for measuring the output current la and a voltage measuring device 6 for measuring the output voltage U a . The current measuring device 5 provides the controller K with analog measured values ​​M a of the output current l a and the voltage measuring device 6 provides the controller K with analog measured values ​​Mua of the output voltage U a which are then subjected to A / D conversion at the input of controller K.

[0091] The power supply device 1 thus provides a regulated DC output voltage U a and a regulated DC output current l a For example, the nominal DC voltage is 48 V (rated voltage) and the nominal DC current is 60 A (rated current).

[0092] Load 2 can temporarily increase the demands on the output current l aor adjust the output power, for example, during startup or switching operations. The power supply device 1 therefore offers the ability to provide the load 2 with more current and more power than the power supply device 1 can nominally deliver for a limited time. However, this results in thermal loading (heating) of the power supply device 1. To avoid thermal overload of the power supply device 1, the increased current or increased power is only provided for a limited time. Afterward, a longer cooling phase is required.

[0093] The maximum permissible time for a short-term overload is limited depending on the magnitude of the overload. For this purpose, the controller K has a limit value for the output current l atwo or more immediately adjacent overcurrent ranges B1, B2, ... are defined, which are above a threshold value (here the nominal current IN) and to which a maximum overcurrent duration is assigned.

[0094] FIG 2 shows, as an example, for an output current la over time t, an overload profile with two overcurrent ranges B1, B2 with the respectively assigned maximum overcurrent durations tß imax, tß2max- The overcurrent ranges are defined in relation to the nominal current IN and are above the nominal current IN.

[0095] The maximum overcurrent durations tßimax, tß2max are selected to avoid an unacceptably high thermal load on the power supply device 1. As a rule, they are smaller the higher the overcurrent range.

[0096] The overcurrent ranges B1 and B2 are each defined by an upper and a lower range limit. The upper range limit is defined by a larger overcurrent value, and the lower range limit is defined by a smaller overcurrent value. A "height" H1 or H2 of the overcurrent ranges B1 and B2, respectively, is defined by the difference between the larger and smaller overcurrent values.

[0097] For a better understanding, FIG 2 shows only a basic and not to scale representation of the output current l a over time t (the same applies to Figures 3 to 8 shown later).

[0098] A user of the power supply device 1 can adapt the overcurrent ranges B1, B2 defined in the controller K to an overcurrent requirement of the load 2 with regard to their level, their respectively assigned maximum overcurrent duration and / or their number. The power supply device 1 or the controller K has a user interface 10 for this purpose. The user interface 10 can be a graphical user interface (e.g., a display) integrated into the power supply device 1. However, it can also be an interface 10 via which a separate device with a graphical user interface (e.g., a notebook or smartphone) can be connected to the power supply device 1 via the Internet or another communication medium.

[0099] Depending on whether the load has a very high overcurrent requirement for a very short time or a relatively low overcurrent requirement for a longer period, the overcurrent ranges can then be individually adjusted to load 2. This enables an even more customized and thus better power supply for load 2.

[0100] According to a first example, a user is offered three overload profiles P1 to P3, each with the same number but different heights and partially different maximum overcurrent durations of the overcurrent ranges, for selection via the interface 10 of the power supply device 1, according to the following table:

[0101] The overcurrent ranges are above the rated current l N the power supply device 1 .

[0102] According to a second example, a user is offered three overload profiles N1 to N3, each with a different number and, in some cases, different heights and different maximum overcurrent durations of the overcurrent ranges, according to the following table:

[0103] FIG 3 shows an example of a profile with 4 overcurrent ranges B1, B2, B3, B4 and with the respective assigned heights H1, H2, H3, H4 and maximum overcurrent durations t over time t for an output current la B imax, t B2ma x, t B3m ax, t B4m ax.

[0104] The controller K detects the output current la and the output voltage U a and ensures, by appropriately controlling the converter stages W1, W2, that the overload behavior described below occurs.

[0105] Within one of the overcurrent ranges B1, B2, B3 or B4, ie with a temporary course of the output current l a only within this one overcurrent range, the output current la is only provided for a maximum duration corresponding to the maximum overcurrent duration t assigned to the respective range B imax, t B 2max, t B 3max or t B 4max corresponds.

[0106] After the maximum duration has elapsed, the output current Ia is limited to a defined value, which is preferably below the lowest overcurrent range B1, in this case, for example, the rated current IN. However, a limitation to the continuous short-circuit current of the power supply device 1 would also be possible.

[0107] The defined value can also depend on one or more parameters, e.g., the ambient temperature, cooling conditions, or the input voltage of the power supply device. The defined value can thus be determined dynamically shortly before the current limiting occurs.

[0108] FIG 4 shows an example of the profile according to FIG 3 over time t an overcurrent l provided for the load 2 a i, which jumps into the overcurrent range B3 at time t = 0 and then runs within the overcurrent range B3. As can be seen, the overcurrent l ai only up to the maximum overcurrent duration t assigned to area B3 B 3max and then limited to the rated current IN. However, it is also conceivable that the maximum duration for the provision of the output current la can be limited to a preset value t via the user interface 10. max is limited within the maximum overcurrent duration tß3max of the overcurrent range. By reducing the maximum overcurrent duration in this way, a load can be protected in a targeted manner, for example, or a desired output current profile l can be achieved. a be set.

[0109] FIG 5 shows an example of the profile according to FIG 3 over time t an overcurrent l provided for the load 2 a2 , which jumps into the overcurrent area B3 at time t = 0 and then runs within the overcurrent area B3, but a user specifies a maximum overcurrent duration t ma x was specified, which is less than the maximum overcurrent duration tß3m a x of the overcurrent range B3. As can be seen, the overcurrent l a2 only up to the maximum overcurrent duration t set by the user ma x and then limited to the rated current IN.

[0110] If the output current la temporarily leaves the overcurrent range B3, the maximum duration may also depend on any cooling times.

[0111] Within several of the overcurrent ranges B1, B2, B3 or B4, ie with a temporary course of the output current l a only within these several overcurrent ranges, the output current l a only provided for a maximum duration, which depends on a dwell time of the output current l a in the overcurrent areas.

[0112] FIG 6 shows the course of an output current l for the case of the four overcurrent ranges B1, B2, B3, B4 according to FIG 3 a 3, which jumps into the overcurrent range B4 at time t = 0 and then successively decreases across the overcurrent ranges B3, B2 and B1. The output current l a 3 is only used for a maximum duration t ma x, which is dependent on a residence time of the output current l a3 in the overcurrent ranges B1, B2, B3, B4.

[0113] This makes it possible to switch or change the output current Ia between the overcurrent ranges B1, B2, B3, B4, whereby the maximum duration of the overcurrent provision is automatically adjusted. The power supply device 1 can thus automatically adapt itself to the load 2, ie it is essentially "self-adaptive" with respect to the load 2. A user then does not have to concern himself in depth with the power requirements of his low-voltage load 2. After the maximum duration tmax has elapsed, the output current I a 3 limited to the rated current In.

[0114] If the output current temporarily leaves the overcurrent ranges B1, B2, B3, B4, the maximum duration t ma x may also depend on any cooling times.

[0115] FIG. 7 shows, as a further example for the case of the four overcurrent ranges B1, B2, B3, B4 according to FIG. 3, the profile of an output current Ia4, which initially rises across all overcurrent ranges B1, B2, B3 into the overcurrent range B4 and then successively falls again across the overcurrent ranges B3, B2, and B1. Here, too, the output current Ia4 is only used for a maximum duration t ma x is provided, which depends on the dwell time of the output current Ia4 in the overcurrent ranges B1, B2, B3, B4, and in the exemplary embodiment then leads to current limitation to the nominal current IN in the overcurrent range B1. However, with different current profiles and dwell times, the current limitation can also take place in an earlier overcurrent range, as shown for example with the output current l a s is shown, which only increases in the overcurrent ranges B3 and then already in the overcurrent range B2 to the rated current l N is limited.

[0116] To determine the maximum duration of the overcurrent in the embodiments according to FIGS. 2 to 7, a counter is assigned to each of the overcurrent ranges.

[0117] In the case of FIG 2, a counter Z1 is assigned to the overcurrent area B1 and a counter Z2 to the overcurrent area B2. In the case of FIG 3 - 7, each of the overcurrent areas B1, B2, B3, B4 is assigned a counter Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 respectively.

[0118] The following explanations now refer to the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 - 7, but also apply equally to the embodiment according to FIG. 2.

[0119] The counters Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 are used to determine a thermal load (heating) or relief (cooling) of the power supply device 1 through the respective overcurrent range B1, B2, B3 or B4.

[0120] The thermal load (heating) of the power supply device 1 by one of the overcurrent ranges is taken into account in that the counter assigned to the overcurrent range changes its counter values ​​in a first direction (e.g., increases its counter values) when the output current lies within the overcurrent range. The thermal relief (cooling) of the power supply device 1 with respect to one of the overcurrent ranges is taken into account in that the counter assigned to the overcurrent range changes its counter values ​​in a second direction opposite to the first direction (e.g., reduces its counter values) when the output current la lies below the overcurrent range assigned to it, in particular when the output current la after a maximum duration t ma x is limited to a predefined value such as the rated current IN.

[0121] Preferably, counters with the same counting type are used.

[0122] In the embodiment according to FIG 1, the counters Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 are implemented directly in the controller K, but can also be implemented in a device outside the controller K with which the controller K is connected.

[0123] The counter value thus very simply represents the level of thermal load on the power supply device 1 at a specific point in time due to the respectively assigned overcurrent range B1, B2, B3 or B4.

[0124] The rate of increase or decrease of the counter values ​​then directly represents the increase or decrease of the thermal load due to the respective output current Ia. As a rule, the rate of increase of the counter values ​​will be faster, the higher the current, and will always be significantly higher than the rate of reduction of the counter values ​​due to the decrease of the thermal load caused by cooling.

[0125] Counters with different overcurrent ranges can then count at different speeds. For example, a counter with a lower overcurrent range can count at a lower speed than a counter with a higher overcurrent range.

[0126] In the case of the profile in FIG 3, for example, the counter for the overcurrent range B1 counts upwards from an initial value of 0 at such a speed that it reaches its maximum value (e.g. 100) after tßimax (e.g. 10 s). The counter for the overcurrent range B2 counts upwards from an initial value of 0 at such a speed that it reaches its maximum value (e.g. 100) after t B 2max (e.g. 5 s) reaches its maximum value (e.g. 100). Similarly, the counters for the overcurrent ranges B3 and B4 count upwards from their initial value of 0 at such a speed that after t B 3max (e.g. 1 s) or t B 4max (e.g.

[0127] 25ms) reach their respective maximum value (e.g. 100).

[0128] The maximum overcurrent duration assigned to a respective overcurrent range can then be defined by the maximum value (e.g. 100) of the assigned counter.

[0129] In the case described above in connection with FIG 4, in which the output current la runs exclusively within one of the overcurrent range B3, the maximum duration of the provision of the overcurrent is reached when the counter Z3 assigned to the overcurrent range B3 reaches its maximum value (e.g. 100).

[0130] In the case described above in connection with FIG 5 of specifying a lower maximum overcurrent duration than the overcurrent duration assigned to the range, the maximum value of the counter can, for example, be reduced (e.g. from 100 to 90).

[0131] In the cases described in connection with FIG 6 and FIG 7, in which the output current la runs within the overcurrent ranges B1, B2, B3, B4, the maximum duration of the provision of the overcurrent is reached when the sum of the counter values ​​of the counters Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 assigned to the overcurrent ranges B1, B2, B3, B4 reaches a defined maximum value (e.g. 100).

[0132] If the output current l a after the maximum duration t ma x is limited to a defined value at which cooling (ie reduction of the thermal load) occurs (see the limitation to the rated current IN in FIG 4 to FIG 7), this leads to a corresponding reduction of the counter values ​​of the counters Z1 to Z4.

[0133] A limitation of the output current Ia to the defined value (here the rated current IN) can be canceled if at least one of the counters Z1 to Z4 has reached a different (here lower) counter reading than at the time the current limitation occurred. This counter reading can, for example, be an initial value of the counter (e.g. 0). Preferably, the limitation of the output current Ia to the defined value is canceled when all counters Z1 to Z4 have reached their respective initial value (e.g. 0). The time period for limiting the output current can also be adjustable, provided this is thermally acceptable. The time period until the current limitation is canceled can also depend on one or more parameters, such as the ambient temperature, cooling conditions or input voltage of the power supply.

[0134] In an advantageous embodiment shown in FIG 8, a plurality of overcurrent areas B xdefined, where the height H x the overcurrent areas B x less than 1 / 10 of the rated current IN of the power supply device 1. The magnitude and maximum overcurrent duration of the overcurrent ranges B x can be the same or different. With the overcurrent ranges, the system can then be "self-adaptive" with respect to load 2, ideally a l 2 t-characteristics of a circuit breaker can be simulated. This allows for very high starting currents of motors to be permitted for short periods, but a long, low overload of this motor can still lead to current limitation after a certain period of time. Limiting the magnitude and number of overcurrent ranges can, if necessary, only be achieved by a resolution limit in the A / D conversion of measured values ​​of the output current l a and the required computing time in the controller.

[0135] FIG 9 shows a schematic representation of a current distribution device 20 according to the invention with several, here four, output currents l a i', Ia2', ks", Ia4. The power supply device 20 is designed as a fuse module or selectivity module, which receives a current l provided by a power supply device 21 a ' into four branches 31, 32, 33, 34, each supplying a low-voltage load 2 with current and which has the output currents l a i', l a2 ', l a3 ', l a 4 e The individual feeders 31, 32, 33, and 34 are reliably monitored for overload and short circuit. The loads 2 can also be different in each case.

[0136] The power supply device 21 is connected on the input side to an AC voltage network U econnected and converts the alternating voltage, such as a 400V alternating voltage, to a lower and usually constant voltage level predefined for the loads 2 (e.g. 24 V or 48 V direct voltage as nominal output voltage) on an output side of the current source 21.

[0137] The power distribution device 20 is designed such that it can be divided into individual branches 31, 32, 33, 34 and individual output currents l a i', l a2 ', l a 3' and l a4 ' and their respective loads 2 each have the same functionalities and thus the same overload behavior as the power supply device 1 according to FIG 1 and as described with reference to FIGS 2 to 8. For each of the output currents l a i', Ia2', las 1, Ia4, at least two overcurrent ranges are defined in the power distribution device 20, each of which is assigned a maximum overcurrent duration. The overcurrent ranges can be adapted to an overcurrent requirement of the respective low-voltage load 2 with regard to their respective magnitude, their respective maximum overcurrent duration, and / or their respective number. The power distribution device 20 has a user interface 30 for these adaptations.

[0138] In addition to the overcurrent behavior of the power supply device 1 according to FIG. 1, in the power distribution device 20, a maximum duration of provision of a first of the four output currents, here for example the output current l ai', within one of the overcurrent ranges defined for it or within several of the overcurrent ranges defined for it depending on at least one other of the several output currents, here for example the other three output currents l a2 ', l a 3 e , Ia4'.

[0139] The idea behind this is that for one or more of the other output currents Ia2 e , laß', Ia4' simultaneously kept free, but unused thermal loads of the power distribution device 20 (ie their respective "overload quotas") for the output current l a i' can be used to increase the maximum duration of the overload current supply. This could, for example, be achieved by prioritizing the output currents l a2 ', l a3 ', l a 4 e take place.

[0140] When using counters, this can be achieved very easily by monitoring the counter values ​​of all counters of the output currents l a2 ', l a3 ', l a4 ' For example, it can be checked whether a combination, in particular the sum, of the counter values ​​of these counters fulfills a given condition (e.g. maximum value) and, depending on this, the maximum duration of the provision of the first output current l a i'.

[0141] A higher-level overload management unit 22 can then allocate the existing overload quotas to the individual output streams.

[0142] This could be relevant, for example, if output circuits of the output currents l a2 ', l a3 ', l a4' are thermally connected to each other, e.g. via a common heat sink, a common choke for a total current of the output currents, a common 0V terminal of the output currents, etc. Free but unused thermal loads ("overload quotas") of the power distribution device 20 can of course not only be used for the output current l ai ' but also for any other of the output currents l a 2', read 1 'Ia4' or a combination thereof. Due to a limited thermal connection, it may be necessary for the higher-level overload management unit 22 not only to simply add the counter readings in the case of an addition, but also to assign an increased overcurrent duration to each individual output as long as the entire overload is not used, but this overcurrent duration is less than the sum of the overcurrent durations not yet called, in order to prevent local overheating of the overcurrent-carrying output.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Method for supplying at least one low-voltage load (2) with an output current (la) of an electronic power supply and / or distribution device (1, 20), wherein for the output current (l a ) at least two overcurrent ranges (B1, B2) are defined, each of which is assigned a maximum overcurrent duration (tßi maxi tß2max ), characterized in that the overcurrent ranges (B1, B2) are adaptable to an overcurrent requirement of the low-voltage load (2) with regard to their height (H1, H2), their respective maximum overcurrent duration (tßi maxi tß2max ) and / or their number.

2. Method according to claim 1, in which a plurality of low-voltage loads (2) each having an output current (l ai to l a 4) an electronic power supply and / or distribution device (1, 20), wherein for each of the output currents (l ai to l a4) in the power supply and / or distribution device (1, 20) at least two overcurrent ranges (B1, B2) are defined, each of which is assigned a maximum overcurrent duration (tßimax; tß2max), wherein the overcurrent ranges (B1, B2) are differentiated with respect to their respective height (H1, H2), their respective maximum overcurrent duration (t Bim ax; tß 2m ax) and / or their respective number are adaptable to an overcurrent requirement of the respective low-voltage load (2).

3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the output current (l a ) within one of the overcurrent ranges (B1, B2) is only provided for a maximum duration (tmax) which corresponds to the maximum overcurrent duration assigned to the respective overcurrent range (tß1 maxi tß2max) or which corresponds to a preset value within this maximum overcurrent duration (tßi max; tß2max).

4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the output current (l a ) within several of the overcurrent ranges (B1 , B2) only for a maximum duration (t ma x) is provided, which is dependent on a residence time of the output current (l a ) in the respective overcurrent ranges (B1 , B2).

5. Method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein after the expiry of the maximum duration (tmax) the respective output current (l a ) is limited to a defined value (IN) or interrupted.

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each of the overcurrent areas (B1, B2) is assigned a counter (Z1, Z2).

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the counter (Z1, Z2) changes its counter values ​​in a first direction when the output current (l a) is within its assigned overcurrent range (B1, B2), and preferably changes its counter values ​​in a second direction opposite to the first direction when the output current (l a ) is below its assigned overcurrent range (B1 or B2), especially if the output current (l a ) after a maximum duration (t ma x) is limited to a predefined value (IN).

8. Method according to claim 3 and one of claims 6 to 7, wherein the maximum duration (tmax) is reached when a counter value of the counter (Z1, Z2) assigned to the overcurrent range (B1, B2) fulfills a predetermined condition.

9. Method according to claim 4 and one of claims 6 to 7, wherein the maximum duration (tmax) is reached when a combination, in particular sum, of the counter values ​​of the counters (Z1, Z2) assigned to the plurality of overcurrent ranges (B1, B2) fulfills a predetermined condition.

10. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 9, wherein a maximum duration (t ma x) providing one of the plurality of output streams (l ai to l a4 ) within one of the overcurrent ranges defined for it or within the several overcurrent ranges defined for it is dependent on at least one other of the several output currents (l ai to l a4 ).

11. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a user of the power supply and / or distribution device, in particular via a user interface (10) of the power supply and / or distribution device (1, 20), is offered two or more different overload profiles for selection, wherein a first of the overload profiles comprises the at least two overcurrent ranges and the other of the overload profiles also comprises or comprise at least two overcurrent ranges, wherein the overcurrent ranges of the two or more overload profiles differ in terms of their level, respective maximum overcurrent duration and / or number.

12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the overcurrent ranges (B1, B2) are adaptable to an overcurrent requirement of the respective low-voltage load (2) via a user interface (10) of the power supply and / or distribution device (1, 20) with regard to their height (H1, H2), their respective maximum overcurrent duration (tßimax; tß2max) and / or their number.

13. Electronic power supply and / or distribution device (1, 20) which is designed to provide at least one output current (l a ) for supplying a low-voltage load (2), wherein the output current (l a) at least two overcurrent ranges (B1, B2) are defined, each of which is assigned a maximum overcurrent duration (tßi maxi tß2max ), characterized in that the overcurrent ranges (B1, B2) are adaptable to an overcurrent requirement of the low-voltage load (2) with regard to their height (H1, H2), their respective maximum overcurrent duration (tßi maxi tß2max ) and / or their number.

14. Electronic power supply and / or distribution device (1, 20) according to claim 13, which is designed to provide a plurality of output currents (l ai to l a 4) for supplying a low-voltage load (2), wherein for each of the output currents (l ai to l a 4) at least two overcurrent ranges (B1, B2) are defined, each of which is assigned a maximum overcurrent duration (tßimax; tß2max), wherein the overcurrent ranges (B1, B2) are defined with regard to their respective height (H1, H2), their respective maximum overcurrent duration (tBim ax; tß2max) and / or their respective number are adaptable to an overcurrent requirement of the respective low-voltage load (2).

15. Electronic power supply and / or distribution device (1, 20) according to one of claims 13 to 14, which is designed to adjust the respective output current (l a ) only for a maximum duration (t ma x) which corresponds to the maximum overcurrent duration (tßi max, tß2max ) assigned to the respective area (B1, B2), or which corresponds to a predeterminable value within this maximum overcurrent duration (tßimax; tß2max).

16. Electronic power supply and / or distribution device (1, 20) according to one of claims 13 to 15, which is designed to adjust the respective output current (l a ) only for a maximum duration (t max) which is dependent on a residence time of the output current (l a ) in the respective overcurrent ranges (B1 , B2).

17. Electronic power supply and / or distribution device (1, 20) according to claim 15 or 16, which is designed, after the expiry of the maximum duration (t max ) the respective output current (l a ) to a defined value (l N ) to limit or interrupt.

18. Electronic power supply and / or distribution device (1, 20) according to one of claims 13 to 17, which has a counter (Z1, Z2) for each of the overcurrent ranges (B1, B2).

19. Electronic power supply and / or distribution device (1, 20) according to claim 18, which is designed such that the counter (Z1, Z2) changes its counter values ​​in a first direction when the output current (Ia) lies within the overcurrent range (B1, B2) assigned to it, and preferably changes its counter values ​​in a second direction opposite to the first direction when the output current (I a ) is below its assigned overcurrent range (B1 or B2), especially if the output current (l a ) after a maximum duration (t ma x) is limited to a predefined value (IN).

20. Electronic power supply and / or distribution device (1, 20) according to claim 15 and one of claims 18 to 19, which is designed such that the maximum duration (t max) is reached when a counter value of the counter (Z1, Z2) assigned to the overcurrent range (B1, B2) fulfills a predetermined condition.

21. Electronic power supply and / or distribution device (1, 20) according to claim 16 and one of claims 18 to 19, which is designed such that the maximum duration (tmax) is reached when a combination, in particular sum, of the counter values ​​of the counters (Z1, Z2) assigned to the plurality of overcurrent ranges (B1, B2) fulfills a predetermined condition.

22. Electronic power supply and / or distribution device (1, 20) according to one of claims 14 to 21, which is designed such that a maximum duration (t max ) a provision of one of the several output streams (l ai to l a4) within one of the overcurrent ranges defined for it or within the several overcurrent ranges defined for it is dependent on at least one other of the several output currents (l ai to l a 4).

23. Electronic power supply and / or distribution device (1, 20) according to one of claims 13 to 22, which is designed to offer a user of the power supply and / or distribution device, in particular via a user interface (10) of the power supply and / or distribution device (1, 20), two or more different overload profiles for selection, wherein a first of the overload profiles comprises the at least two overcurrent ranges and the other or the other of the overload profiles also comprises at least two Overcurrent ranges, wherein the overcurrent ranges of the two or more overload profiles differ in terms of their height, respective maximum overcurrent duration and / or number.

24. Electronic power supply and / or distribution device (1, 20) according to one of the Claims 13 to 23, comprising a user interface (10) via which the overcurrent ranges (B1, B2) can be adapted to an overcurrent requirement of the respective low-voltage load (2) with regard to their height (H1, H2), their respective maximum overcurrent duration (tßimax; tß2max) and / or their number.

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