Aluminum profile, and preparation method therefor and application thereof

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of aluminum alloys, and provides an aluminum profile and a preparation method therefor, a bumper beam, and a vehicle. Based on a total mass of the aluminum profile being 100%, the aluminum profile comprises the following components: Mg: 0.8%-1.2%; Si: 0.7%-1%; Cu: 0.3%-0.7%; Mn: 0.4%-0.8%; Cr+V: 0.1%-0.3%; a rare-earth element: 0.01%-0.1%, wherein the rare-earth element is La and / or Ce; Fe: ≤0.3%; and the balance being Al and inevitable impurities. The aluminum profile has ultrahigh strength and also has excellent impact resistance, and can effectively protect a vehicle when applied in a vehicle anti-collision system.

Description

Aluminum profile and its preparation method and application

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This disclosure is based on the Chinese patent application with application number 202410239740.4, application date March 1, 2024, and invention name “A kind of aluminum profile and its preparation method and application”, and claims the priority of the Chinese patent application. The entire content of the Chinese patent application is hereby introduced into the present disclosure as a reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloys, and particularly relates to an aluminum profile and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0004] The vehicle anti-collision beam is a key component of the vehicle collision system (mainly composed of anti-collision beams, energy absorption boxes, longitudinal beams and other parts). As the vehicle industry's requirements for the safety performance of the collision system and the lightweighting of vehicles continue to increase, aluminum alloy extruded profiles (hereinafter referred to as aluminum profiles) have become the preferred material for vehicle anti-collision beams.

[0005] Conventional aluminum profiles (grades: 6082, 6061, 6005, etc.) currently have low strength, and crash beams made from them have limited lightweighting effects. High-strength aluminum profiles (grades: 7003, 7108, 7075, etc.) currently offer excellent lightweighting effects, but their poor toughness makes crash beams made from them prone to fracture during collisions, rendering them ineffective in protecting the vehicle.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to propose an aluminum profile and its preparation method and application, which has ultra-high strength and excellent toughness. When applied to a vehicle anti-collision system, it can achieve lightweighting and effectively protect vehicle safety. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present disclosure aims to address, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, embodiments of the present disclosure provide an aluminum profile, a method for preparing the profile, and its application. The profile exhibits ultra-high strength and excellent toughness, and its application in vehicle anti-collision systems can achieve lightweighting and effectively protect vehicle safety.

[0008] The aluminum profile of the embodiment of the present disclosure includes the following components, based on the total mass of the aluminum profile as 100%: Mg: 0.8-1.2%; Si: 0.7-1%; Cu: 0.3-0.7%; Mn: 0.4-0.8%; Cr+V: 0.1-0.3%; rare earth elements 0.01-0.1%, wherein the rare earth elements are La and / or Ce; Fe: ≤0.3%; the remainder is Al and unavoidable impurities.

[0009] The advantages and technical effects brought by the aluminum profiles of the embodiments of the present disclosure are:

[0010] (1) The optimized design of the aluminum profile alloy composition in the disclosed embodiments, especially the control of elements such as Mg, Si, and Cu, can ensure that the aluminum profile has ultra-high strength (yield strength of more than 360 MPa, tensile strength of more than 400 MPa), excellent collision performance (parts are not easily broken during the collision process), and good lightweight effect.

[0011] (2) The aluminum profiles of the embodiments of the present disclosure contain elements such as Cr, V, and rare earth elements, which ensure the high toughness of the aluminum profiles.

[0012] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of Cr to V is (3-5):1.

[0013] In some embodiments, the maximum particle size of the Mg2Si particles in the aluminum profile that are not integrated into the matrix is ​​less than or equal to 5 μm.

[0014] In some embodiments, the percentage of the area of ​​the Mg2Si particles that are not integrated into the matrix in the aluminum profile to the total area of ​​the aluminum profile is less than or equal to 0.3%.

[0015] In some embodiments, the maximum particle size of the AlFe(Mn, Cr)Si compound in the aluminum profile is less than or equal to 10 μm.

[0016] In some embodiments, the percentage of the area of ​​the AlFe(Mn, Cr)Si compound in the aluminum profile to the total area of ​​the aluminum profile is less than or equal to 1%.

[0017] The present disclosure also provides a method for preparing an aluminum profile, comprising the following steps:

[0018] placing an aluminum raw material in a smelting furnace to melt to obtain an aluminum melt, and then adding a Mg raw material, a Si raw material, a Cu raw material, a Mn raw material, a Cr raw material and / or a V raw material, and a rare earth raw material to the aluminum melt for alloy smelting to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;

[0019] adding an Al-Ti-C grain refiner to the aluminum alloy melt online, and casting the aluminum alloy melt into an aluminum alloy ingot;

[0020] The aluminum alloy ingot is subjected to homogenization treatment, extrusion treatment and artificial aging treatment to obtain the aluminum profile.

[0021] The advantages and technical effects of the aluminum profile preparation method of the present disclosure are as follows:

[0022] (1) The optimized design of the aluminum profile alloy composition in the embodiments of the present disclosure, especially the control of elements such as Mg, Si, Cu, Cr, V and rare earth elements, can ensure the ultra-high strength and toughness of the aluminum profile.

[0023] (2) In the preparation method of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the grain refiner Al-Ti-C is added online during the casting process of the aluminum alloy ingot, which can effectively refine the metal structure of the original ingot and improve the toughness of the finished aluminum profile.

[0024] (3) The preparation method of the embodiment of the present disclosure optimizes the metal structure of the aluminum profile and ensures the high toughness of the aluminum profile by optimizing the design of the aluminum profile alloy composition and controlling the casting process.

[0025] In some embodiments, the homogenization treatment temperature is 530-580°C, and the time is 12-20 hours; and / or, the preheating temperature of the extrusion treatment is 450-550°C, the extrusion temperature is 450-550°C, and the cooling method is water cooling; and / or, the artificial aging treatment temperature is 150-200°C, and the time is 8-12 hours.

[0026] In addition, an embodiment of the present disclosure also provides an anti-collision beam, including the aluminum profile of the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] The advantages and technical effects brought by the anti-collision beam of the embodiment of the present disclosure are:

[0028] Due to the use of the aluminum profile of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the anti-collision beam of the embodiment of the present disclosure has ultra-high strength (tensile strength is not less than 400MPa) and also has excellent impact resistance (parts do not break during the collision test, and the energy absorption is increased by more than 15% compared with traditional 6082 alloy), which can achieve lightweight and effectively protect vehicle safety.

[0029] In addition, an embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a vehicle, including the anti-collision beam of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] The advantages and technical effects brought by the vehicle of the embodiment of the present disclosure are:

[0031] Due to the adoption of the anti-collision beam of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the vehicle of the embodiment of the present disclosure has high safety performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] FIG1 is a metallographic diagram of the aluminum profile of Example 12;

[0033] FIG2 is a metallographic image of the aluminum profile of Comparative Example 15;

[0034] FIG3 is a cross-sectional view of the vehicle anti-collision beam of Example 1-13 and Comparative Example 1-15;

[0035] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the three-point bending test method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present disclosure, but should not be understood as limiting the present disclosure.

[0037] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an aluminum profile, which includes the following components, based on the total mass of the aluminum profile being 100%: Mg: 0.8-1.2%; Si: 0.7-1%; Cu: 0.3-0.7%; Mn: 0.4-0.8%; Cr+V: 0.1-0.3%; rare earth elements 0.01-0.1%, wherein the rare earth elements are La and / or Ce; Fe: ≤0.3%; and the remainder is Al and unavoidable impurities.

[0038] The optimized design of the aluminum profile alloy composition in the disclosed embodiments, especially the control of elements such as Mg, Si, Cu, Cr, V and rare earth elements, can ensure that the aluminum profile has ultra-high strength (yield strength above 360 ​​MPa, tensile strength above 400 MPa) and excellent impact resistance (no parts breakage occurs during a collision, and the energy absorption is increased by more than 15% compared to traditional 6082 alloy), so that the aluminum profile can be used in vehicle anti-collision systems (front anti-collision beam body, rear anti-collision beam body, etc.) to effectively protect vehicle safety.

[0039] The content of Mg element in the aluminum profile of the embodiment of the present disclosure is 0.8-1.2%, for example, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.1%, 1.2%, etc. The Mg element added in the above content can combine with the Si element to form a Mg2Si precipitation phase, which plays a strengthening role and significantly improves the strength of the aluminum profile. When the content of Mg element is lower than 0.8%, the strength of the aluminum profile is poor, the absorbed energy per unit wall thickness of the material during the collision is low, and it does not have a good lightweight effect. When the content of Mg element is higher than 1.2%, the toughness of the aluminum profile is poor, parts are prone to breakage during the collision, and the absorbed energy is low, and it does not have a good impact resistance effect.

[0040] The content of Si element in the aluminum profile of the embodiment of the present disclosure is 0.7-1%, for example, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.85%, 0.9%, 0.95%, 1%, etc. The Si element added in the above content can combine with the Mg element to form a Mg2Si precipitation phase, which can significantly improve the strength of the aluminum profile. When the content of Si element is lower than 0.7%, the strength of the aluminum profile is poor, the absorption energy of the unit wall thickness material during the collision is low, and it does not have a good impact resistance effect. When the content of Si element is higher than 1%, the toughness of the aluminum profile is poor, parts are prone to breakage during the collision, the absorption energy of the unit wall thickness material is low, and it does not have a good impact resistance effect.

[0041] The content of Cu element in the aluminum profile of the embodiment of the present disclosure is 0.3-0.7%, for example, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, etc. The Cu element added in the above content can combine with Al element and Mg element to form Al2CuMg precipitation phase, which plays a strengthening role and significantly improves the strength of the aluminum profile. When the content of Cu element is lower than 0.3%, the strength of the aluminum profile is poor, the absorption energy of the unit wall thickness material during the collision is low, and it does not have a good impact resistance effect. When the content of Cu element is higher than 0.7%, the toughness of the aluminum profile is poor, parts are prone to breakage during the collision, the absorption energy of the unit wall thickness material is low, and it does not have a good impact resistance effect.

[0042] The content of Mn element in the aluminum profile of the embodiment of the present disclosure is 0.4-0.8%, such as 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, etc. The addition of the above-mentioned Mn element can combine with Al, Fe, Cr and Si elements to form a rounded Al-Fe(Mn, Cr)Si second phase, replacing the long strip-shaped AlFeSi phase in the aluminum matrix, reducing the stress concentration near the Fe-rich phase during the deformation of the material, and significantly improving the toughness of the aluminum profile. When the content of Mn element is lower than 0.4%, more long strip-shaped AlFeSi phases will be formed, which will not have a toughening effect; when the content of Mn element is higher than 0.8%, the strength of the aluminum profile is higher but the toughness is insufficient, both of which lead to easy breakage of parts during collision, low energy absorption per unit wall thickness of the material, and poor impact resistance.

[0043] The aluminum profiles of the embodiments of the present disclosure contain Cr and / or V, and the sum of the mass fractions of the Cr element and the V element is 0.1 to 0.3%, such as 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, etc. When the sum of the mass fractions of Cr and V is within the above range, the metal structure can be effectively improved, thereby improving the toughness of the aluminum profile. When the sum of the mass fractions of Cr and V is lower than 0.1%, the effect of improving the metal structure is insufficient, and no toughening effect is achieved; when the sum of the mass fractions of Cr and V is higher than 0.3%, the Cr and V elements are easy to agglomerate to form a coarse phase, and the toughness of the aluminum profile is poor, which leads to easy breakage of parts during collision, low energy absorption per unit wall thickness of the material, and poor impact resistance.

[0044] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of Cr to V is (3-5):1, for example, 3:1, 3.5:1, 4:1, 4.5:1, and 5:1. When the mass ratio of Cr to V is within this range, the metal structure can be effectively improved, thereby increasing the toughness of the aluminum profile. When the mass ratio of Cr to V is outside this range, the metal structure improvement effect is insufficient, the toughness of the aluminum profile is poor, parts are prone to breakage during collisions, and the material absorbs less energy per unit wall thickness, resulting in poor impact resistance.

[0045] The sum of the mass fractions of the rare earth elements La and / or Ce in the aluminum profiles of the embodiments of the present disclosure is 0.01 to 0.1%, such as 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, etc. When the sum of the mass fractions of the rare earth elements La and / or Ce is within the above range, it can effectively improve the metal structure, thereby improving the toughness of the aluminum profile. When the sum of the mass fractions of the rare earth elements La and / or Ce is less than 0.01%, the effect of improving the metal structure is insufficient and the toughening effect is not achieved; when the sum of the mass fractions of the rare earth elements La and / or Ce is higher than 0.1%, the rare earth elements are easily agglomerated to form a coarse phase, reducing the toughness of the aluminum profile, both of which lead to easy breakage of parts during collision, low energy absorption per unit wall thickness of the material, and poor impact resistance.

[0046] When the rare earth element is a mixture of La and Ce, the mass ratio of La to Ce can be arbitrarily set.

[0047] The Fe content in the aluminum profiles of the present disclosure is less than or equal to 0.3%, for example, 0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, etc. Fe is an impurity in the aluminum profiles of the present disclosure, so the Fe content in the aluminum profiles should be minimized. When the Fe content exceeds 0.3%, the toughness of the aluminum profiles deteriorates.

[0048] The inevitable impurities in the aluminum alloy of the embodiment of the present disclosure are P, S, and O. The content of a single impurity is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%.

[0049] In some embodiments, the maximum particle size of the Mg2Si particles not dissolved in the matrix in the aluminum profile is less than or equal to 5 μm, for example, 1 μm, 2 μm, 3 μm, 4 μm, 5 μm, etc. The size of the Mg2Si particles not dissolved in the matrix meets the above conditions, ensuring the high strength and toughness of the aluminum profile. If the size of the Mg2Si particles not dissolved in the matrix is ​​too large, the strength of the aluminum profile will be poor, the energy absorbed per unit wall thickness during a collision will be low, and the impact resistance will not be good.

[0050] In some embodiments, the area of ​​the Mg2Si particles not dissolved into the matrix in the aluminum profile is less than or equal to 0.3% of the total area of ​​the aluminum profile, such as 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, or 0.3%. The area percentage of the Mg2Si particles meeting the above conditions ensures the high strength and toughness of the aluminum profile. However, when the content of Mg2Si particles is too high, the aluminum profile has poor toughness, prone to part breakage during collisions, and has low energy absorption per unit wall thickness, resulting in poor impact resistance.

[0051] By adding Mn and Cr elements, controlling the homogenization, extrusion and cooling processes, the long strip-shaped AlFeSi compounds in the aluminum profile matrix are completely converted into rounded AlFe(Mn, Cr)Si compounds. When no Mn or Cr elements are added or the content of Mn and Cr elements is low, the Fe element will form a long strip-shaped AlFeSi compound, while after adding the specified content of Mn and Cr elements, the Fe element forms a rounded AlFe(Mn, Cr)Si compound, which is beneficial to improving the toughness of the profile. In some embodiments, the maximum particle size of the AlFe(Mn, Cr)Si compound in the aluminum profile is less than or equal to 10μm, for example, 1μm, 2μm, 3μm, 4μm, 5μm, 6μm, 7μm, 8μm, 9μm, 10μm, etc. The size of the AlFe(Mn, Cr)Si compound meets the above conditions, ensuring the high toughness of the aluminum profile. When the size of the AlFe(Mn, Cr)Si compound is too large, the toughness of the aluminum profile is poor, parts are prone to breakage during collision, and the absorbed energy per unit wall thickness of the material is low, and it does not have a good impact resistance effect.

[0052] In some embodiments, the area percentage of the AlFe(Mn, Cr)Si compound in the aluminum profile accounts for less than or equal to 1% of the total area of ​​the aluminum profile, such as 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, etc. The area percentage of the AlFe(Mn, Cr)Si compound meets the above conditions, ensuring the high toughness of the aluminum profile. When the content of the AlFe(Mn, Cr)Si compound is too high, the toughness of the aluminum profile is poor, parts are prone to breakage during collisions, and the energy absorbed per unit wall thickness of the material is low, resulting in poor impact resistance.

[0053] By strictly restricting the metal structure of the aluminum profile: ① the maximum particle size of the Mg2Si particles not dissolved in the matrix in the aluminum profile is less than or equal to 5μm, and the area percentage of the Mg2Si particles not dissolved in the matrix is ​​less than or equal to 0.3%; ② the long strips of AlFeSi compounds in the aluminum profile matrix are completely converted into rounded AlFe(Mn, Cr)Si compounds, the maximum particle size of the AlFe(Mn, Cr)Si compounds is less than or equal to 10μm, and the area percentage of the AlFe(Mn, Cr)Si compounds is less than or equal to 1%, it can ensure that the aluminum profile has both ultra-high strength and high toughness.

[0054] In addition, the present disclosure also provides a method for preparing an aluminum profile, comprising the following steps:

[0055] placing an aluminum raw material in a smelting furnace to melt to obtain an aluminum melt, and then adding a Mg raw material, a Si raw material, a Cu raw material, a Mn raw material, a Cr raw material and / or a V raw material, and a rare earth raw material to the aluminum melt for alloy smelting to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;

[0056] Adding an Al-Ti-C grain refiner online to the aluminum alloy melt, and casting the aluminum alloy melt into an aluminum alloy ingot (or aluminum profile billet or aluminum alloy bar);

[0057] The aluminum alloy ingot is subjected to homogenization treatment, extrusion treatment and artificial aging treatment to obtain the aluminum profile.

[0058] The preparation method of the disclosed embodiment significantly improves the strength and toughness of the aluminum profile by optimizing the design of the aluminum profile alloy composition. In addition, under the aluminum profile alloy composition and preparation conditions specified in the disclosed embodiment, the strict constraints on the metal structure of the finished aluminum profile ensure the high toughness of the aluminum profile. In addition, the preparation method of the disclosed embodiment adds an Al-Ti-C grain refiner online to the aluminum alloy melt, which refines the grains of the aluminum alloy ingot and ensures the high toughness of the aluminum profile.

[0059] In some embodiments, the mass of the Al-Ti-C grain refiner is 0.1 to 0.6% of the mass of the aluminum alloy melt, for example, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, etc. The above amount of Al-Ti-C grain refiner can form good grain refinement for the aluminum alloy ingot, ensuring the high toughness of the aluminum profile. When the amount of Al-Ti-C grain refiner is too low, the grains are not fully refined, which is not conducive to improving the strength and toughness of the aluminum profile. When the amount of Al-Ti-C grain refiner is too high, slag and other inclusions are easily formed in the alloy, which is not conducive to improving the strength and toughness of the aluminum profile.

[0060] In some embodiments, the homogenization temperature is 530-580° C., for example, 530° C., 540° C., 550° C., 560° C., 570° C., 580° C., etc., and the homogenization time is 12-20 hours, for example, 12 hours, 14 hours, 16 hours, 18 hours, 20 hours, etc. When the homogenization temperature is too low or too high, the strength and toughness of the aluminum profile are reduced, parts are prone to breakage during collisions, and the material absorbs less energy per unit wall thickness, resulting in poor impact resistance.

[0061] In some embodiments, the preheating temperature of the extrusion process is 450-550°C, such as 450°C, 460°C, 480°C, 500°C, 520°C, 540°C, 550°C, etc.; the extrusion temperature is 450-550°C, such as 450°C, 460°C, 480°C, 500°C, 520°C, 540°C, 550°C, etc.; and the cooling method is water cooling. When the preheating temperature or the extrusion temperature is too low, it is not conducive to extrusion molding. When the preheating temperature or the extrusion temperature is too high, the aluminum profile undergoes recrystallization and coarsening of the second phase particles, which is not conducive to improving the strength and toughness of the aluminum profile. When the cooling method is air cooling or water mist cooling, the solid solution effect is not good, the driving force for forming Mg2Si strengthening phase particles in the subsequent aging process is insufficient, and it is easy to cause coarse Mg2Si particles, and the strength and toughness of the aluminum profile are low.

[0062] In some embodiments, the artificial aging treatment temperature is 150-200°C, for example, 150°C, 160°C, 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 200°C, etc., and the duration is 8-12 hours, for example, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, etc. When the artificial aging treatment temperature is too low or the duration is too short, the amount of strengthening phase is insufficient, and the strength of the aluminum profile is insufficient. When the artificial aging treatment temperature is too high or the duration is too long, the strengthening phase is coarse, the strengthening effect is weakened, and it is not conducive to improving the strength of the aluminum profile.

[0063] In addition, an embodiment of the present disclosure also provides an anti-collision beam, including the aluminum profile of the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0064] Due to the use of the aluminum profile of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the anti-collision beam of the embodiment of the present disclosure has ultra-high strength (tensile strength is not less than 400MPa) and also has excellent impact resistance (parts do not break during the collision test, and the energy absorption is increased by more than 15% compared with traditional 6082 alloy), which can achieve lightweight and effectively protect vehicle safety.

[0065] In addition, an embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a vehicle, including the anti-collision beam of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0066] Due to the adoption of the anti-collision beam of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the vehicle of the embodiment of the present disclosure has high safety performance.

[0067] The present disclosure is described in detail below with reference to embodiments and drawings.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] An aluminum profile, taking the total mass of the aluminum profile as 100%, comprises the following components: Mg; Si; Cu; Mn; Cr; V; La; Ce; and Fe. The contents of the above components, as well as the mass ratio of Cr to V, and the mass ratio of La to Ce, are shown in Table 1. The remainder is Al and unavoidable impurities P, S, and O, with the content of each impurity being less than or equal to 0.05%. The total impurity content is less than or equal to 0.15%. The maximum particle size of the Mg2Si particles in the aluminum profile that are not integrated into the matrix is ​​denoted as d1, the percentage of the area of ​​the Mg2Si particles in the aluminum profile that are not integrated into the matrix as a percentage of the total area of ​​the aluminum profile is denoted as W1, the maximum particle size of the AlFe(Mn, Cr)Si compound in the aluminum profile is denoted as d2, and the percentage of the area of ​​the AlFe(Mn, Cr)Si compound in the aluminum profile as a percentage of the total area of ​​the aluminum profile is denoted as W2. d1, W1, d2, and W2 are specifically shown in Table 1.

[0070] The method for preparing the aluminum profile comprises the following steps:

[0071] (1) placing an aluminum ingot in a smelting furnace to melt to obtain an aluminum melt, and then adding a Mg ingot, an Al-Si master alloy, an Al-Cu master alloy, an Al-Mn master alloy, an Al-Cr master alloy and / or an Al-V master alloy, an Al-rare earth master alloy to the aluminum melt for alloy smelting to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;

[0072] (2) adding 0.3% Al-Ti-C grain refiner to the aluminum alloy melt online, and casting the aluminum alloy melt into a round aluminum alloy rod;

[0073] (3) The round aluminum alloy bar is homogenized under the conditions shown in Table 1, and then the round aluminum alloy bar after homogenization is preheated, then extruded, and then cooled to room temperature. The preheating temperature, extrusion temperature (the extrusion temperature and the preheating temperature are the same), and cooling method are shown in Table 1. Finally, the aluminum profile obtained by extrusion is artificially aged under the conditions shown in Table 1 to obtain an aluminum profile with a cross-sectional shape as shown in Figure 3, i.e., a vehicle anti-collision beam.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this embodiment are shown in Table 1, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The preparation method of the aluminum profile of this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1.

[0076] Example 3

[0077] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this embodiment are shown in Table 1, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The preparation method of the aluminum profile of this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1.

[0078] Example 4

[0079] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this embodiment are shown in Table 3, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The preparation method of the aluminum profile of this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1.

[0080] Example 5

[0081] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this embodiment are shown in Table 3, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The preparation method of the aluminum profile of this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1.

[0082] Example 6

[0083] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this embodiment are shown in Table 5, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The preparation method of the aluminum profile of this embodiment is the same as that of Example 1.

[0084] Example 7

[0085] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this embodiment are shown in Table 5, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The preparation method of the aluminum profile of this embodiment is the same as that of Example 1.

[0086] Example 8

[0087] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this embodiment are shown in Table 7, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The preparation method of the aluminum profile of this embodiment is the same as that of Example 1.

[0088] Example 9

[0089] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this embodiment are shown in Table 7, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The preparation method of the aluminum profile of this embodiment is the same as that of Example 1.

[0090] Example 10

[0091] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this embodiment are shown in Table 9, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The preparation method of the aluminum profile of this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1.

[0092] Example 11

[0093] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this embodiment are shown in Table 9, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The preparation method of the aluminum profile of this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1.

[0094] Example 12

[0095] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this embodiment are shown in Table 11, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The conditions of each step of the preparation method of the aluminum profile of this embodiment are shown in Table 11, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0096] Example 13

[0097] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this embodiment are shown in Table 11, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The conditions of each step of the preparation method of the aluminum profile of this embodiment are shown in Table 11, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0098] Comparative Example 1

[0099] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this comparative example are shown in Table 1, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The preparation method of the aluminum profile of this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0100] Comparative Example 2

[0101] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this comparative example are shown in Table 1, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The preparation method of the aluminum profile of this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0102] Comparative Example 3

[0103] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this comparative example are shown in Table 3, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The preparation method of the aluminum profile of this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0104] Comparative Example 4

[0105] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this comparative example are shown in Table 3, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The preparation method of the aluminum profile of this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0106] Comparative Example 5

[0107] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this comparative example are shown in Table 5, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The preparation method of the aluminum profile of this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0108] Comparative Example 6

[0109] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this comparative example are shown in Table 5, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The preparation method of the aluminum profile of this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0110] Comparative Example 7

[0111] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this comparative example are shown in Table 7, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The preparation method of the aluminum profile of this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0112] Comparative Example 8

[0113] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this comparative example are shown in Table 7, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The preparation method of the aluminum profile of this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0114] Comparative Example 9

[0115] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this comparative example are shown in Table 9, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The preparation method of the aluminum profile of this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0116] Comparative Example 10

[0117] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this comparative example are shown in Table 9, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The preparation method of the aluminum profile of this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0118] Comparative Example 11

[0119] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this comparative example are shown in Table 11, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The conditions of each step of the preparation method of the aluminum profile of this comparative example are shown in Table 11, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0120] Comparative Example 12

[0121] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this comparative example are shown in Table 11, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The conditions of each step of the preparation method of the aluminum profile of this comparative example are shown in Table 11, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0122] Comparative Example 13

[0123] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this comparative example are shown in Table 11, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The conditions of each step of the preparation method of the aluminum profile of this comparative example are shown in Table 11, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0124] Comparative Example 14

[0125] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this comparative example are shown in Table 11, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The conditions of each step of the preparation method of the aluminum profile of this comparative example are shown in Table 11, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0126] Comparative Example 15

[0127] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this comparative example are shown in Table 11, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The preparation method of the aluminum profile of this example is the same as that of Example 1.

[0128] Comparative Example 16

[0129] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, Y, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this comparative example are shown in Table 11, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The preparation method of the aluminum profile of this example is the same as that of Example 1.

[0130] Comparative Example 17

[0131] The contents of Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, V, La, Ce, and Fe in the aluminum profile of this comparative example are shown in Table 11, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The preparation method of the aluminum profile of this example is the same as that of Example 1.

[0132] The aluminum profiles of each embodiment and comparative example were tested for mechanical properties and collision performance. Among them, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation were tested according to the metal material tensile mechanical properties test standard: GB / 228; the bending angle was tested according to the metal material bending angle test standard: VDA-238. The collision performance of the aluminum profile was tested by the three-point bending test method shown in Figure 4: the aluminum profile was supported by a circular roller with a diameter of 30mm at both ends, and pressed down by a 180mm diameter pressure head in the middle, with a pressing speed of 120mm / min and a pressing distance of 200mm. The aluminum profile was observed to see if it cracked, and the energy absorbed by the aluminum profile during the three-point bending process was recorded. The lightweight effect of the aluminum profile is defined as follows: aluminum profiles with the same cross-section of different embodiments and comparative examples are used to test their absorbed energy during the three-point bending test. The greater the absorbed energy per unit wall thickness of the material, the better the lightweight and impact resistance of the aluminum profile. The test results of the mechanical properties and collision performance of the aluminum profiles of each embodiment and comparative example are shown in Tables 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12.

[0133] Table 1. Chemical composition, preparation process and metal structure of the aluminum profiles of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0134] Table 2. Mechanical properties and collision performance of the aluminum profiles of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0135] Table 3. Chemical composition, preparation process and metal structure of aluminum profiles of Examples 4-5 and Comparative Examples 3-4

[0136] Table 4. Mechanical properties and collision performance of the aluminum profiles of Examples 4-5 and Comparative Examples 3-4

[0137] Table 5. Chemical composition, preparation process and metal structure of aluminum profiles of Examples 6-7 and Comparative Examples 5-6

[0138] Table 6 Mechanical properties and collision performance of the aluminum profiles of Examples 6-7 and Comparative Examples 5-6

[0139] Table 7. Chemical composition, preparation process and metal structure of aluminum profiles of Examples 8-9 and Comparative Examples 7-10

[0140] Table 8 Mechanical properties and collision performance of the aluminum profiles of Examples 8-9 and Comparative Examples 7-10

[0141] Table 9. Chemical composition, preparation process and metal structure of the aluminum profiles of Examples 10-11 and Comparative Examples 11-12

[0142] Table 10. Mechanical properties and collision performance of the aluminum profiles of Examples 10-11 and Comparative Examples 11-12

[0143] Table 11. Chemical composition, preparation process and metal structure of the aluminum profiles of Examples 12-13 and Comparative Examples 13-17

[0144] Table 12 Mechanical properties and collision performance of the aluminum profiles of Examples 12-13 and Comparative Examples 13-17

[0145] Qualified materials must meet the following mechanical properties: yield strength ≥ 360 MPa, tensile strength ≥ 400 MPa, elongation ≥ 10%, bending angle ≥ 60°, no part breakage during collision, and collision energy absorption ≥ 4 kJ. As shown in Tables 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12, the aluminum profiles of Examples 1-13 of the present disclosure meet these requirements in terms of mechanical and collision performance. They can be used in vehicle anti-collision beams to achieve lightweighting and effectively protect vehicle safety.

[0146] Table 13. Mechanical properties and collision performance of the aluminum profiles of Examples 1-13 of the present disclosure and aluminum profiles in the prior art

[0147] It can be seen from Table 13 that the aluminum profile of the embodiment of the present disclosure not only has ultra-high strength (yield strength above 360 ​​MPa, tensile strength above 400 MPa), but also has excellent impact resistance (no parts break during collision, and the energy absorption is increased by more than 15% compared with traditional 6082 alloy).

[0148] Figure 1 is a metallographic image of the aluminum profile of Example 12, illustrating that the precipitated phases are small in size and numerous in number. Figure 2 is a metallographic image of the aluminum profile of Comparative Example 15, illustrating that the precipitated phases are large in size and few in number.

[0149] In the present disclosure, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0150] Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and are not to be construed as limitations on the present disclosure. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. An aluminum profile, comprising the following components, based on the total mass of the aluminum profile being 100%: Mg: 0.8～1.2％； Si: 0.7~1%; Cu: 0.3~0.7%; Mn: 0.4-0.8%; Cr+V: 0.1-0.3%; rare earth elements 0.01-0.1%, wherein the rare earth elements are La and / or Ce; Fe: ≤0.3%; the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities.

2. The aluminum profile according to claim 1, wherein: The mass ratio of Cr to V is (3-5):

1.

3. The aluminum profile according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The maximum particle size of the Mg2Si particles in the aluminum profile that are not integrated into the matrix is ​​less than or equal to 5 μm.

4. The aluminum profile according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The percentage of the area of ​​the Mg2Si particles not integrated into the matrix in the aluminum profile to the total area of ​​the aluminum profile is less than or equal to 0.3%.

5. The aluminum profile according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The maximum particle size of the AlFe(Mn, Cr)Si compound in the aluminum profile is less than or equal to 10 μm.

6. The aluminum profile according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The percentage of the area of ​​the AlFe(Mn, Cr)Si compound in the aluminum profile to the total area of ​​the aluminum profile is less than or equal to 1%.

7. A method for preparing an aluminum profile, comprising the following steps: placing an aluminum raw material in a smelting furnace to melt to obtain an aluminum melt, and then adding a Mg raw material, a Si raw material, a Cu raw material, a Mn raw material, a Cr raw material and / or a V raw material, and a rare earth raw material to the aluminum melt for alloy smelting to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; adding an Al-Ti-C grain refiner to the aluminum alloy melt online, and casting the aluminum alloy melt into an aluminum alloy ingot; The aluminum alloy ingot is subjected to homogenization treatment, extrusion treatment and artificial aging treatment to obtain the aluminum profile.

8. The method for preparing an aluminum profile according to claim 7, wherein: The mass of the Al-Ti-C grain refiner is 0.1-0.6% of the mass of the aluminum alloy melt.

9. The method for preparing an aluminum profile according to claim 7 or 8, wherein: The homogenization treatment temperature is 530-580°C, and the time is 12-20 hours; and / or, the preheating temperature of the extrusion treatment is 450-550°C, the extrusion temperature is 450-550°C, and the cooling method is water cooling; and / or, the artificial aging treatment temperature is 150-200°C, and the time is 8-12 hours.

10. An anti-collision beam comprising the aluminum profile according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

11. A vehicle comprising the anti-collision beam according to claim 10.

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