Method and device for processing a wheel for a rail vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for processing a wheel (1), wherein a surface (3) of a wheel rim (4) is processed by means of at least one heat source (2), wherein the wheel (1) and the heat source (2) are movable relative to one another and spaced apart from one another, a relative movement between the wheel (1) and the heat source (2) is initiated and thermal energy is introduced into the wheel (1) by means of at least one first beam (14) emitted by the heat source (2), wherein a circumference of the wheel (1) is completely swept over at least once. According to the invention, at least one first track (15) is formed, by means of the first beam (14), on the surface (3) in the circumferential direction (17) of the wheel (1), the angular position of said track with respect to the circumferential direction (17) and an axis of rotation (7) of the wheel (1) being varied in sections and / or gradually. This results in effective and efficient heat treatment.

Description

[0001]202323682 Method and device for machining a wheel for a rail vehicle The invention relates to a method for machining a wheel for a rail vehicle, wherein a surface of a wheel rim of the wheel is machined by means of at least one heat source, wherein the wheel and the at least one heat source are mounted so as to be movable relative to one another and the at least one heat source is arranged at a distance from the wheel, wherein a relative movement is initiated between the wheel and the at least one heat source, wherein thermal energy is introduced into the wheel via the surface by means of at least one first beam emitted by the at least one heat source, and wherein a circumference of the wheel is completely swept over at least once by means of the at least first beam or a plurality of beams. Wheels of rail vehicles are often subject to high operational loads,which lead to high stresses on the wheels in small contact areas between the wheels and rails. These stresses can lead to the removal of wheel material and, consequently, defects in the contact areas. When a defined wheel mileage is reached and / or a wheel wear limit is exceeded, the wheels are often reprofiled. The wheel tread profiles are regenerated, for example, through a defined material removal process (e.g., by turning on an underfloor lathe). In order to carry out such reprofiling processes on the wheels,Wheels often have wear reserves between the wheel running circle diameters and the wheel's operating limits. When these operating limits are reached, a wheel or wheelset replacement is usually carried out. Material loss on wheels or stress-related deformation of wheels reduces the service life of the wheels and can also impair the running behavior of a rail vehicle. Therefore, rail vehicle wheels are often hardened and tempered during their manufacturing process. For example, WO 2022 / 083907 A1 is known from the prior art, which describes a laser hardening process for a railway wheel. A laser beam projects a laser spot onto the surface of the railway wheel to be machined. The railway wheel is rotated about its rotational axis, and the laser beam is modulated. A laser track is thus formed on the surface, which can have a narrow line shape.wherein lines of this line-shaped laser track can be aligned obliquely to the rotation axis. Furthermore, EP 0116 359 A2 shows a wheel for a rail vehicle in which a running surface of the wheel and / or a section of a wheel flange are / is laser-hardened. The invention is based on the object of specifying a method with which high-quality mechanical properties of a wheel can be achieved and which is, at the same time, simple to carry out. According to the invention, this object is achieved with a method according to claim 1, in which at least one first track is formed on the surface in the circumferential direction of the wheel by means of the at least first beam,wherein an angular position of at least the first track with respect to the circumferential direction of the wheel and a rotational axis of the wheel is varied sectionally and / or gradually. By this measure, a processing intensity and / or a processing speed with respect to the surface in the circumferential direction of the wheel can be increased. For example, the first track in the circumferential direction of the 202323682 wheel can have a zigzag shape or a serpentine shape, etc. A gradual variation of the angular position can be achieved, for example, with an arc-shaped first track. However, it is also possible to locally increase the introduction of heat energy by projecting, for example, an annular scanning pattern onto the surface using the first beam. In the circumferential direction of the wheel, a sequence of annular track elements can be projected onto the surface using the first beam, for example. It is also possibleto repeatedly sweep over areas of the surface in short time intervals using the first beam, etc. It is conceivable, for example, that the surface is temporarily swept over by the first beam in a positive circumferential direction and temporarily in a negative circumferential direction, etc. The relative movement between the wheel and the heat source can be initiated, for example, by rotating the wheel about its axis of rotation and sweeping over the circumference of the wheel by means of the first beam during rotation of the wheel. The wheel can be rotatably mounted for this purpose. The surface machined by means of the method can be, for example, a tread of the wheel and a wheel flange of the wheel or a section of the wheel flange facing the tread, exclusively the tread or exclusively the wheel flange, etc. A laser source, by means of which laser beams are emitted, can act as the heat source, for example. However, it is also possible, for example,that the heat source is an electron beam welding system which emits electron beams, etc. The first beam can be emitted as a single beam by means of the heat source, but a plurality of beams can also be emitted, etc. The first track can be formed as a single track, but a plurality of tracks (e.g., offset from one another) can also be formed, etc. 202323682 Both direct or immediate irradiation of the surface by means of the first beam or the plurality of beams and indirect or consequential irradiation of the surface by means of the first beam or the plurality of beams (e.g., by reflection of the first beam or the plurality of beams on a mirror when the first beam is designed as a laser beam or the plurality of beams as laser beams, etc.) is possible. It is, for example, possible to harden the wheel by means of the method according to the invention. It is also conceivable, for example,that the wheel is hardened and then tempered, whereby a hardening of the wheel can be achieved, etc. By means of the method according to the invention, defined material properties can be adjusted in the area of ​​the surface. For example, an adjustment of structural properties and / or a hardness profile, etc., in the area of ​​the surface is conceivable. Further advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention emerge from the subclaims. With regard to the formation of arcuate track elements, it is advantageous, for example, if the at least first track is curved with respect to the circumferential direction of the wheel and the axis of rotation of the wheel. In connection with a locally increased introduction of thermal energy, it may also be advisable, for example, if the at least first track comprises at least one first track element, by means of which a first surface section of the surface is completely enclosed. It may also be helpfulwhen a first section of the at least first track and a second section of the at least first track are arranged adjacent to one another, wherein a 202323682 angular position difference between the first section and the second section is less than 90°. This measure can, for example, form V-shaped track elements. A uniform hardness distribution in the area of ​​the surface is achieved when a first section of the at least first track has an absolute angular value of greater than 60° with respect to the rotational axis of the wheel. Such an angular adjustment of the first track enables low-vibration rolling of the finished wheel on a rail. A strong and concentrated thermal energy input into the wheel is made possible when the at least one heat source is a laser source, the at least first beam is a laser beam, and the at least first track is a laser track. It can also be advantageous ifwhen the at least first beam emitted by the at least one heat source is reflected onto the surface via a movable scanning mirror. This measure achieves a variable orientation of the reflection of the first beam, whereby, for example, a movable mounting of the heat source and an actuator for moving the heat source can be dispensed with. In order to achieve a high thermal energy input into the wheel and a pronounced hardness in the area of ​​the surface and below the surface, it can be advantageous if the at least one heat source is operated with a power of at least 8 kW. High hardness values ​​in the area of ​​the surface and a required toughness of the wheel can be achieved if the surface is heated by means of a hardening step to a hardening temperature greater than the austenitizing temperature of a material of the wheel.The wheel is cooled after the hardening step by means of a first cooling step. After the first cooling step, the surface is heated to a tempering temperature of at least 600 °C by means of a tempering step. After the tempering step, the wheel is cooled by means of a second cooling step. The hardening step and the first cooling step achieve a high hardness of the wheel in the surface area. The tempering step increases the toughness of the wheel. The hardening step, the first cooling step, the tempering step, and the second cooling step result in a tempering of the wheel. A preferred solution is obtained,when a power curve of the at least one heat source is adjusted depending on the curve of the at least first track transverse to the circumferential direction of the wheel. This measure can compensate for varying power consumption of the wheel due to variable material thickness and contour curves of the wheel. For example, a temperature distribution in the wheel can be determined using a thermal camera. The determined temperature distribution can be used to regulate the power of the heat source, etc. However, it can also be helpful if the power curve of the at least one heat source is adjusted exclusively depending on the curve of the at least first track transverse to the circumferential direction of the wheel. For example, a power profile can be defined for the heat source, which is applied to form each track element in the circumferential direction, etc. Overlapping machining of the wheel is enabled,if the circumference of the wheel is completely swept more than once by means of the at least first beam or the plurality of 202323682 beams. It is also possible, for example, for surface sections to be swept over several times by means of the first beam during a complete sweep of the circumference, etc. Oxidation of the surface is avoided if the thermal energy is introduced into the wheel in a protective gas or in a vacuum. A promising implementation of the method according to the invention can be expected with a device with means configured to carry out the method according to the invention, wherein the means are configured to machine a surface of a wheel rim of a wheel for a rail vehicle by means of at least one heat source, wherein the means comprise the at least one heat source, wherein the means are configured toto mount the at least one heat source and the wheel so as to be movable relative to one another and spaced apart from one another, wherein the means comprise a first bearing device for the wheel and a second bearing device by means of which the at least one heat source is mounted, wherein the means are configured to initiate a relative movement between the wheel and the at least one heat source, to introduce heat energy into the wheel via the surface by means of at least one first beam emitted by the at least one heat source, to completely sweep a circumference of the wheel at least once by means of the at least first beam or a plurality of beams, to form at least one first track on the surface in the circumferential direction of the wheel by means of the at least first beam, and to vary an angular position of the at least first track with respect to the circumferential direction of the wheel and a rotational axis of the wheel in sections and / or gradually,wherein the at least one heat source 202323682 is movably mounted and / or the heat emitted by the at least one heat source,at least the first beam is deflectable. The device can be arranged, for example, in a depot or in a maintenance or repair facility for rail vehicles (e.g., in a maintenance pit beneath a rail vehicle, etc.). Thus, the method according to the invention can be applied, for example, to wheels of a rail vehicle during maintenance or repair work on a rail vehicle. This can increase the wear resistance of the wheels and extend the service life of the wheels. By means of the first bearing device, the wheel can be mounted, for example, so as to be rotatable about its axis of rotation. By means of the second bearing device, the heat source can be mounted, for example, immovably or pivotably, etc. The heat source can be, for example, a laser beam-emitting laser source or an electron beam-emitting electron beam welding system, etc. An advantageous embodiment of the device is obtained,if the at least one heat source is designed as a laser source, the at least first beam is a laser beam and the at least first track is a laser track, wherein the means comprises a heat source associated with the at least one heat source,A movable scanning mirror for reflecting at least the first beam onto the surface. This measure enables a strong and concentrated introduction of heat energy into the wheel. The scanning mirror enables variable deflection of the beam. Due to the scanning mirror, a movable mounting of the heat source and an actuator for moving the heat source are not absolutely necessary. The scanning mirror can, for example, be mounted in a holder or a housing, etc., so that it can rotate about two axes aligned at right angles to one another. 202323682 The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments. The following show, by way of example: Fig. 1: A flowchart for an exemplary first embodiment of a method according to the invention for machining a wheel for a rail vehicle,Fig. 2: A side view of a section of a wheel for a rail vehicle machined by means of the exemplary first embodiment of a method according to the invention, wherein a laser track is formed as a sequence of elliptical laser track elements by means of the first embodiment of a method according to the invention, Fig. 3: A side view of a section of a wheel for a rail vehicle machined by means of an exemplary second embodiment of a method according to the invention, wherein laser tracks formed by means of the second embodiment of a method according to the invention have zigzag shapes,and Fig. 4: An exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention for machining a wheel for a rail vehicle in a schematic representation. 202323682 Fig. 1 shows a flowchart for an exemplary first embodiment of a method according to the invention for machining a wheel 1 for a rail vehicle. The wheel 1 is shown as an example in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4. In the method, a surface 3 of a wheel rim 4 of the wheel 1 is machined by means of a heat source 2 shown as an example in Fig. 4, wherein the surface 3 to be machined comprises a running surface 5 of the wheel 1 and a part of a wheel flange 6 of the wheel 1 associated with the running surface 5. The wheel 1 and the heat source 2 are mounted so as to be movable relative to one another and spaced apart from one another. The wheel 1 is mounted so as to be rotatable about a rotation axis 7 of the wheel 1. In a first method step 8, a relative movement between the wheel 1 and the heat source 2 is initiated.wherein the wheel 1 is set in rotation by means of a speed-adjustable electric motor 13, shown by way of example in Fig. 4, and the heat source 2 maintains its position. The first method step 8 is followed by a second method step 9, a third method step 10, a fourth method step 11 and a fifth method step 12. In the second method step 9 and in the fourth method step 11, heat energy is introduced into the wheel 1 by means of a first beam 14 emitted by the heat source 2, shown by way of example in Fig. 4, and a further beam via the surface 3, wherein the first beam 14 completely sweeps over the circumference of the wheel 1 for the first time and the further beam completely sweeps over the circumference of the wheel 1 a second time. The circumference of the wheel 1 is thus heated by means of the first beam 14 and the further beam, i.e. a plurality of beams,more than once completely swept over. 202323682 By means of the second method step 9, the circumference is completely swept over a first time, whereby a first track 15 shown as an example in Fig. 2 is formed, and by means of the fourth method step 11 a second time, whereby a further track is formed. The second method step 9 is a hardening step, in which the surface 3 is heated by means of the first beam 14 to a hardening temperature greater than an austenitizing temperature of a material of the wheel 1. After the second method step 9, the wheel 1 is cooled by means of the third method step 10, which is a first cooling step. The fourth method step 11 is a tempering step, during which the surface 3 is heated after the third method step 10 by means of the further beam to a tempering temperature of 650 °C. After the fourth method step 11, the wheel 1 is tempered by means of the fifth method step 12,which is a second cooling step. This results in a hardening of the wheel 1 in the area of ​​the surface 3. A first hardness of the wheel 1 on the surface 3 is thus approximately 380 HV5, and a second hardness at a depth of 2 mm below the surface 3 is approximately 310 HV5. The fourth process step 11 is carried out with a first minimum power of the heat source 2 of 8 kW, and the second process step 9 with a second minimum power of the heat source 2 of greater than 8 kW. The feed rate of the first beam 14 and the further beam on the surface 3 averages 150 mm / min. The feed rate can be varied by controlling the speed of the electric motor 13. The power of the heat source 2 is adjusted by setting a power curve of the heat source 2 depending on the curves of the first track 15 and the further track transverse to a circumferential direction 17 of the wheel 1.as shown by way of example in 202323682 Fig. 2, during the second method step 9 and during the fourth method step 11. During the second method step 9, a first power control step 18 is carried out, and during the fourth method step 11, a second power control step 19. Here, a temperature distribution in the wheel 1 is determined by means of a thermal camera 20, as described by way of example in connection with Fig. 4. The determined temperature distribution is used to control the power of the heat source 2. If a surface temperature of the surface 3 locally exceeds a defined temperature limit, the power of the heat source 2 is temporarily reduced. The aim of the power control isto maintain the surface temperature with a uniform temperature distribution within a defined temperature range. For this purpose, the power of the heat source 2 is increased or reduced as required. According to the invention, it is also conceivable, for example, if the fourth method step 11 and the fifth method step 12 are omitted during the machining of the wheel 1, that the power curve of the heat source 2 is adjusted exclusively as a function of the course of the first track 15 transverse to the circumferential direction 17 of the wheel 1. The power curve can, for example, be adjusted independently of the advance of the first beam 14 in the circumferential direction 17 of the wheel 1. By means of the second method step 9 and the fourth method step 11, the thermal energy is introduced into the wheel 1 in an argon protective gas. The protective gas is introduced by means of a protective gas nozzle 21, as shown by way of example in Fig. 4.During the second method step 9 and the third method step 10, the heat energy is applied to the surface 3 by means of a first application step 22, and during the fourth method step 11 and the fifth method step 12, the heat energy is applied by means of a second application step 23. According to the invention, it is also conceivable that the heat energy is introduced into the wheel 1 in a vacuum. For this purpose, the heat source 2 and the wheel 1 can be arranged in an evacuable chamber 24, as shown by way of example in Fig. 4. By means of the first beam 14, the first track 15 is formed on the surface 3 in the circumferential direction 17 of the wheel 1 during the second method step 9.During the fourth method step 11, the further track is formed on the surface 3 in the circumferential direction 17 of the wheel 1 by means of the further beam. The further track continues the first track 15. The angular positions of the first track 15 and the further track with respect to the circumferential direction 17 of the wheel 1 and the rotation axis 7 of the wheel 1 are gradually varied. Fig. 2 shows, by way of example, the first track 15 formed in this way as a sequence of elliptical track elements. According to the invention, it is also conceivable that, for example, an angular position of the first track 15 is varied in sections. For example, the first track 15 can have a zigzag shape, as shown by way of example in Fig. 3. The heat source 2 is a laser source,The first beam 14 and the further beam are laser beams, and the first track 15 and the further track are laser tracks. The first beam 14 emitted by the heat source 2 and the further beam emitted by the heat source 2 are reflected onto the surface 3 via a movable scanning mirror 25, as shown by way of example in Fig. 4, thereby enabling a variation of the angular positions of the first track 15 and the further track. The thermal energy is thus introduced indirectly into the wheel 1 by means of the first beam 14 and the further beam, wherein the circumference of the wheel 1 is indirectly swept by means of the first beam 14 and the further beam 202323682, and the first track 15 and the further track are indirectly formed by means of the first beam 14 and the further beam. However, according to the invention, it is also possiblethat the heat source 2 is, for example, pivotably mounted, and the first beam 14 and the further beam are projected directly (e.g., without reflection via the scanning mirror 25) onto the surface 3. According to the invention, it is further conceivable that the heat source 2 is, for example, an electron beam-emitting electron beam welding system, etc. Fig. 2 shows a side view of a section of a wheel 1 for a rail vehicle machined by means of the exemplary first embodiment of a method according to the invention described in Fig. 1. In the circumferential direction 17 of the wheel 1, a first track 15 is formed as a sequence of elliptical track elements by means of the method according to Fig. 1. The first track 15 is curved with respect to the circumferential direction 17 of the wheel 1 and a rotational axis 7 of the wheel 1.thus has an angular position that varies gradually with respect to the circumferential direction 17 and the rotation axis 7. The first track 15 comprises a first track element 26 and further track elements, which are only partially shown in Fig. 2. By means of the first track element 26, a first surface section 27 of a surface 3 of a wheel rim 4 of the wheel 1 is completely enclosed, and by means of the further track elements, further surface sections of the surface 3 are completely enclosed. The first track 15 is formed on a running surface 5 of the wheel rim 4 and on a part of a wheel flange 6 of the wheel rim 4 facing the running surface 5. The surface 3 to be machined comprises the running surface 5 and that part of the wheel flange 6 facing the running surface 5. 202323682 According to the invention, it is conceivable that, for example, the first track element 26 is formed first and immediately after a cooling step (e.g. without any intermediate advance of the wheel 1),a further track element, which is congruent with the first track element 26. This enables an efficient tempering process of the wheel 1 in the area of ​​the surface 3. Fig. 3 shows a side view of a section of a wheel 1 for a rail vehicle machined by means of an exemplary second embodiment of a method according to the invention. The exemplary second embodiment of a method according to the invention is similar to the exemplary first embodiment of a method according to the invention, which is described in connection with Fig. 1. By means of the exemplary second embodiment of a method according to the invention, a first track 15 and a second track 16 are formed on a surface 3 of a wheel rim 4 of the wheel 1 in the circumferential direction 17 of the wheel 1 by means of a laser source and laser beams.which have angular positions that vary in sections with respect to the circumferential direction 17 of the wheel 1 and a rotational axis 7 of the wheel 1. The surface 3 of the wheel rim 4, on which the first track 15 and the second track 16 are formed, comprises a running surface 5 of the wheel rim 4 and a part of a wheel flange 6 of the wheel rim 4 facing the running surface 5. The first track 15 and the second track 16 have zigzag shapes, with a first section 28 of the first track 15 and a second section 29 of the first track 15 as well as further sections of the first track 15 and the second track 16 being arranged adjacent to one another, and angular position differences between the first section 28 and the second section 29 as well as between the further sections amounting to 50°. The first section 28,The second section 29 and the further sections of the first track 15 and the second track 16 have absolute angular values ​​of 65° with respect to the rotational axis 7 of the wheel 1. Further tracks, not shown in Fig. 3, are formed on the surface 3 in the circumferential direction 17 of the wheel 1. These tracks are designed like the first track 15 and the second track 16. Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention for machining a wheel 1 for a rail vehicle. The apparatus can be used to carry out the exemplary first embodiment of an inventive method according to Fig. 1 as well as the exemplary second embodiment of an inventive method described in connection with Fig. 3. The apparatus can be used to form the laser tracks described in connection with Figs. 2 and 3. The apparatus has meanswhich are configured to carry out such methods. The means are configured for machining a surface 3 of a wheel rim 4 of a wheel 1 for a rail vehicle by means of a heat source 2, wherein the means comprise the heat source 2. The means are further configured to mount the heat source 2 and the wheel 1 so as to be movable relative to one another and spaced apart from one another, wherein the means comprise a first bearing device 30 for the wheel 1 and a second bearing device 31, by means of which the heat source 2 is mounted. 202323682 The wheel 1 is rotatably mounted about a rotational axis 7 of the wheel 1 via the first bearing device 30. The first bearing device 30 is coupled to a speed-controllable electric motor 13, by which the wheel 1 can be set in rotation. The heat source 2 is pivotally mounted via the second bearing device 31. The means are further configured toto initiate a relative movement between the wheel 1 and the heat source 2, wherein the wheel 1 is set in rotation by means of the electric motor 13. Furthermore, the means are configured to introduce heat energy into the wheel 1 via the surface 3 by means of a first beam 14 emitted by the heat source 2 or a plurality of beams, to completely sweep a circumference of the wheel 1 once or several times by means of the first beam 14 or the plurality of beams, to form a first track 15, as shown for example in Fig. 2, or a plurality of tracks, as shown for example in Fig. 3, on the surface 3 in the circumferential direction 17 of the wheel 1 by means of the first beam 14 or the plurality of beams, and to vary an angular position of the first track 15 or angular positions of the plurality of tracks with respect to the circumferential direction 17 of the wheel 1 and the rotation axis 7 of the wheel 1 in sections and / or gradually. The heat source 2 is designed as a laser source,The first beam 14 is a laser beam, and the first track 15 is a laser track. The means comprise a movable scanning mirror 25 assigned to the heat source 2 for reflecting the first beam 14 onto the surface 3. The first beam 14 emitted by the heat source 2 is thus deflectable and is projected indirectly onto the surface 3 via the scanning mirror 25. The scanning mirror 25 is mounted so as to be rotatable about two axes at right angles to one another. 202323682 The means further comprise a thermal camera 20, which is directed onto the surface 3 to be treated and is mounted so as to be pivotable and displaceable. The thermal camera 20 is connected to the heat source 2 and the electric motor 13 for controlling the heat source 2 and the electric motor 13. By means of the thermal camera 20, which is designed as an infrared camera, a temperature distribution in the region of the surface 3 is determined. For example, if the temperature distribution is uneven,Thus, the power of the heat source 2 and / or, via a speed control of the electric motor 13, the speed of the wheel 1 can be adjusted in order to achieve a balanced temperature distribution in the area of ​​the surface 3. The means further comprise a protective gas nozzle 21, which is pivotably and displaceably mounted and via which a protective gas can be applied to the surface 3 to prevent oxidation. The means further comprise a hermetically sealed chamber 24 in which the wheel 1, the electric motor 13, the heat source 2, the scanning mirror 25, the thermal camera 20, the protective gas nozzle 21, as well as the first bearing device 30 and the second bearing device 31 are arranged. The chamber 24 can be evacuated to form a vacuum to prevent oxidation effects on the surface 3. According to the invention, it is also conceivable, for example, to dispense with the scanning mirror 25.and to project the first beam 14 directly onto the surface 3. According to the invention, it is also possible for the heat source 2 to be designed as an electron beam emitting electron beam welding system, etc. 202323682 List of designations 1 Wheel 2 Heat source 3 Surface 4 Wheel rim 5 Tread 6 Wheel flange 7 Rotation axis 8 First process step 9 Second process step 10 Third process step 11 Fourth process step 12 Fifth process step 13 Electric motor 14 First beam 15 First track 16 Second track 17 Circumferential direction 18 First power control step 19 Second power control step 20 Thermal camera 21 Shielding gas nozzle 22 First application step 23 Second application step 24 Chamber 25 Scanning mirror 26 First track element 27 First surface section 28 First section 29 Second section 30 First bearing device 31 Second bearing device,

Claims

202323682 Patent claims 1. A method for machining a wheel (1) for a rail vehicle, wherein a surface (3) of a wheel rim (4) of the wheel (1) is machined by means of at least one heat source (2), wherein the wheel (1) and the at least one heat source (2) are mounted so as to be movable relative to one another and the at least one heat source (2) is arranged at a distance from the wheel (1), wherein a relative movement is initiated between the wheel (1) and the at least one heat source (2), wherein thermal energy is introduced into the wheel (1) via the surface (3) by means of at least one first beam (14) emitted by the at least one heat source (2), and wherein a circumference of the wheel (1) is completely swept over at least once by means of the at least first beam (14) or a plurality of beams, characterized in thatthat by means of the at least first beam (14) on the surface (3) in the circumferential direction (17) of the wheel (1) at least one first track (15) is formed, wherein an angular position of the at least first track (15) with respect to the circumferential direction (17) of the wheel (1) and a rotation axis (7) of the wheel (1) is varied in sections and / or gradually.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least first track (15) is curved with respect to the circumferential direction (17) of the wheel (1) and the rotation axis (7) of the wheel (1).

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least first track (15) comprises at least one first track element (26), by means of which a first surface section (27) of the surface (3) is completely enclosed.

4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a first section (28) of the at least, 202323682 first track (15) and a second section (29) of the at least first track (15) are arranged adjacent to one another, wherein an angular position difference between the first section (28) and the second section (29) is less than 90°.

5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a first section (28) of the at least first track (15) has an absolute angular value of greater than 60° with respect to the axis of rotation (7) of the wheel (1).

6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one heat source (2) is a laser source, the at least first beam (14) is a laser beam, and the at least first track (15) is a laser track.

7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the at least first beam (14) emitted by the at least one heat source (2) is reflected onto the surface (3) via a movable scanning mirror (25). 8.Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the at least one heat source (2) is operated with a power of at least 8 kW.

9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the surface (3) is heated by means of a hardening step to a hardening temperature greater than an austenitizing temperature of a material of the wheel (1), the wheel (1) is cooled after the hardening step by means of a first cooling step, the surface (3) is heated after the first cooling step by means of a tempering step to a tempering temperature of at least 600 °C, and the wheel (1) is cooled after the tempering step by means of a second cooling step. 202323682 10. The method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a power curve of the at least one heat source (2) is adjusted as a function of a curve of the at least first track (15) transverse to the circumferential direction (17) of the wheel (1).

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the power curve of the at least one heat source (2) is adjusted exclusively as a function of the curve of the at least first track (15) transverse to the circumferential direction (17) of the wheel (1).

12. The method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the circumference of the wheel (1) is completely swept more than once by means of the at least first beam (14) or the plurality of beams.

13. The method according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the thermal energy is introduced into the wheel (1) in a protective gas or in a vacuum.Device with means configured to carry out a method according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the means are configured to machine a surface (3) of a wheel rim (4) of a wheel (1) for a rail vehicle by means of at least one heat source (2), wherein the means comprise the at least one heat source (2), wherein the means are configured to mount the at least one heat source (2) and the wheel (1) so as to be movable relative to one another and at a distance from one another, wherein the means comprise a first mounting device (30) for the wheel (1) and a second mounting device (31) by means of which the at least one heat source (2) is mounted, wherein the means are configured to initiate a relative movement between the wheel (1) and the at least one heat source (2), to transfer heat energy by means of at least one heat source emitted by the at least one heat source (2). 202323682 to introduce the first beam (14) into the wheel (1) via the surface (3), to completely sweep a circumference of the wheel (1) at least once by means of the at least first beam (14) or a plurality of beams, to form at least one first track (15) on the surface (3) in the circumferential direction (17) of the wheel (1) by means of the at least first beam (14), and to vary an angular position of the at least first track (15) with respect to the circumferential direction (17) of the wheel (1) and an axis of rotation (7) of the wheel (1) in sections and / or gradually, wherein the at least one heat source (2) is movably mounted and / or the at least first beam (14) emitted by the at least one heat source (2) is deflectable. 15.Device according to claim 14, characterized in that the at least one heat source (2) is designed as a laser source, the at least first beam (14) is a laser beam and the at least first track (15) is a laser track, wherein the means comprise a movable scanning mirror (25) assigned to the at least one heat source (2) for reflecting the at least first beam (14) onto the surface (3).

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