Systems and methods for synthesis of green ammonia and other nitrogenous fertilizers

Abstract

The present disclosure provides system and method for synthesis of green ammonia and other nitrogenous fertilizers derived from it including urea and nitric acid (as well as others that may be produced by any combination / reaction of these) by coupling renewable energy and Carnot battery with Solid-Oxide Electrolyser Cell (SOEC) and Direct Air Capture (DAC). 5 The system provides a solution for round-the-clock renewable energy using Carnot battery that provides both heat and power to run SOEC. The heat from Carnot battery is used by DAC to capture carbon dioxide from air. A nitrogen-oxygen generator may produce nitrogen using continuous power from Carnot battery. Ammonia may be produced by using hydrogen from SOEC, and nitrogen from the nitrogen-oxygen generator. Urea may be produced using 0 carbon dioxide from DAC and ammonia. Ammonia and oxygen from SOECs and nitrogen- oxygen generator may be used for synthesis of nitric acid, and other nitrogenous fertilizers. The process heat from ammonia and nitric acid synthesis is recycled back to the Carnot battery.

Description

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SYNTHESIS OF GREEN AMMONIAAND OTHER NITROGENOUS FERTILIZERSTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of synthesis of nitrogenous fertilizers. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a system and a method for synthesis of green ammonia and other nitrogenous fertilizers derived from it including urea and nitric acid, as well as other that may be produced by any combination or reaction thereof, by coupling renewable energy and Carnot batteries with Solid-Oxide Electrolyser Cells (SOEC) and Direct Air Capture (DAC).BACKGROUND

[0002] The following description of related art is intended to provide background information pertaining to the field of the disclosure. This section may include certain aspects of the art that may be related to various features of the present disclosure. However, it should be appreciated that this section be used only to enhance the understanding of the reader with respect to the present disclosure, and not as admissions of prior art.

[0003] Historically, ammonia and other nitrogenous fertilizers derived from it (including, but not limited to, urea and nitric acid) have been predominantly derived from fossil fuels, such as natural gas, which is finite and non-renewable resources. However, the environmental concerns associated with extraction and combustion of these fossil fuels, including greenhouse gas emissions and climate change have spurred significant interest in developing alternative and sustainable methods for ammonia production. A promising approach is the utilization of renewable resources, such as green hydrogen (H2) to synthesize ammonia through environmentally-friendly processes.

[0004] Green hydrogen is produced by electrolysis of water using renewable energy. There are many challenges with the large-scale production of green hydrogen. Renewables such as solar and wind are intermittent, therefore, hydrogen production, when directly coupled with these renewables, is limited to a few hours per day. Round-the-clock renewables such as hydropower are limited by geography. Further, most commonly used electrolysers, alkaline and proton exchange membrane electrolysers, have modest efficiencies (e.g., 55 - 65 %). When coupled directly with intermittent renewables, these electrolysers can only function for a few hours per day and thus need to be oversized by two-three times. Furthermore, to utilize green hydrogen for production of ammonia, a reactor / refinery is required, along with carbondioxide. These reactors are usually designed to run at all times. So, when hydrogen production is coupled with intermittent renewables, either the reactors have to be oversized and designed to run intermittently, or hydrogen has to be stored for long hours which is very expensive and inconvenient. Therefore, the green hydrogen synthesis suffers from limitations imposed by intermittency of renewable energy availability and lack of widespread round-the- clock renewable energy, low-efficiency of commonly used electrolysers, and high costs associated with storage.

[0005] Further, for further synthesis of fertilizers such as urea using green hydrogen, high- purity CO2 is required as well. This may be extracted from industrial off-gases, but these are not always available at the site of green hydrogen synthesis. Further, CO2 extraction from industrial off-gases may require significant energy.

[0006] There is, therefore, a need to overcome at least the above-mentioned drawbacks, limitations, and shortcomings, and provide an efficient solution for electro-fuel synthesis.OBJECTS OF THE PRESENT D ISCLOSURE

[0007] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies are as listed herein below.

[0008] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a system and a method for synthesis of green ammonia and other nitrogenous fertilizers including, but not limited to, urea and nitric acid, by coupling renewable energy and Carnot batteries with Solid-Oxide Electrolyser Cells (SOEC) and Direct Air Capture (DAC).

[0009] An object of the present disclosure is to combine renewable energy with Carnot batteries to provide round-the-clock power and heat to run the SOEC with high efficiency of more than 90% (up to 100%).

[0010] An object of the present disclosure is to use round-the-clock power and heat for DAC to provide carbon dioxide which can be used for synthesis of nitrogenous fertilizers such as urea.

[0011] An object of the present disclosure is to use the green hydrogen from SOEC, CO2 from DAC, and nitrogen from a nitrogen-oxygen generator for ammonia and urea synthesis.

[0012] An object of the present disclosure is to use the green hydrogen and oxygen from SOEC, and nitrogen and oxygen from a nitrogen-oxygen generator for nitric acid synthesis.

[0013] An object of the present disclosure is to recycle the process heat from synthesis of the nitrogenous fertilizers back to Carnot battery to increase a total efficiency of the system.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0014] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in Detailed Description section. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0015] An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide system for synthesis of green ammonia and one or more nitrogenous fertilizers comprising: a Carnot battery (104) configured to receive renewable power supply from one or more intermittent renewable sources (102); a solid-oxide electolyser cell (SOEC) (106) coupled to Carnot battery (104) for producing hydrogen; a nitrogen-oxygen (N2-O2) generator (110) coupled to Carnot battery (104) for producing nitrogen and oxygen; and a DAC arrangement (120) coupled to Carnot battery (104) for producing carbon dioxide, wherein the arrangement for producing ammonia from N2 and H2 (124), the arrangement for urea synthesis using ammonia and CO2 (126) and the arrangement for synthesis of nitric acid (214) using ammonia and oxygen from SOEC and nitrogen-oxygen generator.

[0016] Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a method for synthesis of green ammonia and one or more nitrogenous fertilizers comprising: a) receiving renewable power supply from one or more intermittent renewable sources (102) to a Carnot battery (104); b) providing continuous heat and power by Carnot battery (104) to SOEC (106), DAC arrangement (108), and a nitrogen-oxygen generator (110) for producing hydrogen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen and oxygen respectively; c) reacting hydrogen from SOEC (106) and nitrogen from N2-O2 generator (110) to produce ammonia; d) reacting carbon dioxide from the DAC arrangement (108) or captured from industrial off-gas and the ammonia of step c) to produce urea; and e) reacting oxygen from N2-O2 generator (110) and SOEC (106) with ammonia of step c) to produce nitric oxide followed by reacting with oxygen to obtain nitrogen dioxide that is absorb by water or air to produce nitric acid.

[0017] Various objects, features, aspects and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, along with the accompanying drawing figures in which like numerals represent like components.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein, and constitute a part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosed methods and systems inwhich like reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the different drawings. Components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present invention. Some drawings may indicate the components using block diagrams and may not represent the internal circuitry of each component. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that invention of such drawings includes the invention of electrical components, electronic components or circuitry commonly used to implement such components.

[0019] FIG. 1 illustrates an example flow diagram for ammonia and urea synthesis, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 2 illustrates an example flow diagram for nitric acid synthesis, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure depicted in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are in such detail as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of detail offered is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

[0022] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details.

[0023] If the specification states a component or feature “may,” “can,” “could,” or “might” be included or have a characteristic, that particular component or feature is not required to be included or have the characteristic.

[0024] As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0025] The use of “including,” “comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. The terms “a” and “an” herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced items. Further, the use of terms “first,”“second,” and “third,” and the like, herein do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another.

[0026] Moreover, in interpreting the specification, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possible manner consistent with the context. In particular, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” should be interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a nonexclusive manner, indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps may be present, or utilized, or combined with other elements, components, or steps that are not expressly referenced. Where the specification claims refer to at least one of something selected from the group consisting of A, B, C . . . .and N, the text should be interpreted as requiring only one element from the group, not A plus N, or B plus N, etc.

[0027] The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention.

[0028] Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member can be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. One or more members of a group can be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and / or patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is herein deemed to contain the group as modified thus fulfilling the written description of all groups used in the appended claims.

[0029] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a system and a method for producing green ammonia and other nitrogenous fertilizers derived from it (including, but not limited to, urea and nitric and any other compound that may be derived from their reaction / combination) by coupling renewable energy and Carnot batteries with Solid-Oxide Electrolyser Cells (SOEC) and Direct Air Capture (DAC).

[0030] An embodiment of the present disclosure is to provide a system for synthesis of green ammonia and one or more nitrogenous fertilizers comprising: a Carnot battery (104) configured to receive renewable power supply from one or more intermittent renewable sources (102); a solid-oxide electolyser cell (SOEC) (106) coupled to Carnot battery (104) for producing hydrogen; a nitrogen-oxygen (N2-O2) generator (110) coupled to Carnot battery (104) for producing nitrogen and oxygen; and a DAC arrangement (120) coupled to Carnot battery (104) for producing carbon dioxide, wherein the arrangement for producing ammoniafrom N2 and H2 (124), the arrangement for urea synthesis using ammonia and CO2 (126) and the arrangement for synthesis of nitric acid (214) using ammonia and oxygen from SOEC and nitrogen-oxygen generator.

[0031] In an embodiment, the Carnot battery (104) stores electricity in the form of thermal energy using processes such as but not limited to thermal energy storage, pumped thermal energy storage, and liquid air energy storage or a combination thereof during the charging cycle.

[0032] In an embodiment, the stored thermal energy is converted back to power using a heat engine (with a round-trip efficiency of 60-70%) during the discharge cycle and the usable heat is also available during the discharge cycle, providing both dispatchable power and heat for a long duration, with the total efficiency of the Carnot battery (combined power and heat) more than 90%.

[0033] In an embodiment, the Carnot battery (104) produces and provides continuous heat and power output to SOEC (106), DAC arrangement (108), and aN2-O2 generator (110).

[0034] In an embodiment, the heat and power provided by the Carnot battery (104) is used to run the SOEC (106) to produce hydrogen with high efficiency of more than 90% and the remaining heat energy is utilized by the DAC arrangement (108) to capture carbon dioxide from the ambient air for urea synthesis.

[0035] In an embodiment, carbon dioxide is also extracted from industrial off gases or other waste sources.

[0036] In an embodiment, hydrogen from SOEC (106) and nitrogen from N2-O2 generator (110) are reacted to produce ammonia.

[0037] In an embodiment, carbon dioxide from the DAC arrangement (108) or captured from industrial off-gas and the ammonia produced by reacting hydrogen from SOEC (106) and nitrogen from N2-O2 generator (110) are reacted to produce urea.

[0038] In an embodiment, the system further produces oxygen from N2-O2 generator (110) and SOEC (106) reacts with ammonia to produce nitric oxide that is further reacted with oxygen to obtain nitrogen dioxide which is absorb by water or air to produce nitric acid.

[0039] Another embodiment of the present disclosure is to provide method for synthesis of green ammonia and one or more nitrogenous fertilizers comprising: a) receiving renewable power supply from one or more intermittent renewable sources (102) to a Carnot battery (104); b) providing continuous heat and power by Carnot battery (104) to SOEC (106), DAC arrangement (108), and a nitrogen-oxygen generator (110) for producing hydrogen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen and oxygen respectively; c) reacting hydrogen from SOEC (106) andnitrogen from N2-O2 generator (110) to produce ammonia; d) reacting carbon dioxide from the DAC arrangement (108) or captured from industrial off-gas and the ammonia of step c) to produce urea; and e) reacting oxygen from N2-O2 generator (110) and SOEC (106) with ammonia of step c) to produce nitric oxide followed by reacting with oxygen to obtain nitrogen dioxide that is absorb by water or air to produce nitric acid.

[0040] In an embodiment, the heat requirement of the DAC arrangement (108) is met by heat from the Carnot battery (104) and the process heat of ammonia synthesis.

[0041] In an embodiment, the heat demand for urea synthesis is met by heat derived from renewables and the Carnot battery (104).

[0042] In an embodiment, the nitric acid is form the basis of production of one or more nitrogenous fertilizers selected from but not limited to ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate. In an embodiment, the surplus heat from ammonia synthesis and nitric oxide synthesis is recycled to the Carnot battery (104) to increase the efficiency of the overall process.

[0043] In an embodiment, the surplus recycled heat is used to generate power.

[0044] Various embodiments of the present disclosure will be explained in detail with reference to FIGs. 1-2.

[0045] The present system may include a Carnot battery, a SOEC coupled to the Carnot battery, and a DAC arrangement coupled to the Carnot battery. In some embodiments, the Carnot battery may receive renewable power supply from one or more intermittent renewable sources. In some embodiments, the one or more intermittent renewable sources may include, but not limited to, solar and wind. Therefore, the Carnot battery eliminates the problem of intermittency of renewables.

[0046] In some embodiments, the Carnot battery may store electricity in the form of heat thermal energy using various processes such as but not limited to, thermal energy storage, pumped thermal energy storage, and liquid air energy storage during charging cycle. The stored thermal energy is converted back to power using a heat engine (e.g., Brayton cycle, Rankine cycle, etc.) during the discharge cycle at a round-trip efficiency of 60-70%. Residual thermal energy or heat is also available from this process, thus providing both dispatchable power and heat for a long duration, with the total efficiency (Combined power and heat) of the Carnot battery >90% (up to 100%).

[0047] The Carnot battery may provide continuous heat and power to the SOEC and the DAC arrangement. In some embodiments, the heat and power provided by the Carnot battery may be used to run the SOEC with more than 90% efficiency (up to 100%), as compared toconventional approaches. For example, the SOEC may produce hydrogen with high efficiency. Due to the high efficiency of the SOEC, the remaining heat energy is utilized by the DAC arrangement to capture carbon dioxide from the ambient air.

[0048] In some embodiments, the DAC arrangement may provide the carbon dioxide which is required for urea synthesis. CO2 for urea synthesis may also be extracted from industrial off gases or other waste sources. This CO2 is reacted with green ammonia to produce urea.

[0049] FIG. 1 illustrates an example flow diagram 100 for ammonia and urea synthesis, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0050] Referring to FIG. 1, in some embodiments, the system may include a generator (e.g., 110) of high purity nitrogen and oxygen (usually, but not limited to, a pressure swing adsorption system). At step 114, a Carnot battery 104 may receive renewable power supply from one or more intermittent renewable sources 102. Further, at step 116, the Carnot battery 104 may produce and provide continuous heat and power output to SOEC 106, DAC arrangement 108, and a nitrogen-oxygen generator 110.

[0051] At step 118, the SOEC 106 may produce hydrogen, and at step 120, the DAC arrangement 108 may produce carbon dioxide.

[0052] Further, at step 122, the nitrogen-oxygen generator 110 may produce nitrogen using continuous power from the Carnot battery 104. At step 124, ammonia may be produced by reacting the hydrogen produced by the SOEC 106, and the nitrogen produced by the nitrogen- oxygen generator 110. In some embodiments, the nitrogen produced by the nitrogen-oxygen generator 110 is reacted with the hydrogen produced by the SOEC 106 via an electric version of the Haber-Bosch process to produce high purity ammonia.

[0053] At step 126, urea may be produced using carbon dioxide from the DAC arrangement 108 (or captured from industrial off-gas) and the ammonia produced at step 124. Further, at step 128, surplus heat from ammonia synthesis may be recycled to the Carnot battery 104 to increase the efficiency of the overall process.

[0054] In some embodiments, theheat requirement of the DAC arrangement 108 may be met by heat from the Carnot battery 104 and process heat of ammonia synthesis, as discussed herein. Any further heat demand, for example, for urea synthesis, may be met by heat derived from renewable power and storing it in the Carnot battery 104.

[0055] FIG. 2 illustrates an example flow diagram 200 for nitric acid synthesis with an electric version of the Ostwald Process, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0056] Referring to FIG. 2, at step 202, one or more intermittent renewable sources 102 may provide renewable power supply to a Carnot battery 104 to produce and provide continuous heat and power output to SOEC 106 and a nitrogen-oxygen generator 112.

[0057] At step 204, the SOEC 106 may produce hydrogen, as discussed herein with reference to FIG. 1.

[0058] Further, at step 206, the nitrogen-oxygen generator 112 may produce nitrogen using continuous heat and power from the Carnot battery 104. At step 208, ammonia may be produced by using the hydrogen produced by the SOEC 106, and the nitrogen produced by the nitrogen-oxygen generator 112

[0059] At step 210, nitric oxide may be produced using oxygen from the nitrogen-oxygen generator 112 and SOEC 106, and ammonia produced at step 208. In some embodiments, the ammonia produced by the electric Haber-Bosch process, as described with reference to FIG. 1, and the oxygen produced by SOEC 106 and the nitrogen-oxygen generator 112 is used for the Ostwald process.

[0060] At step 210, nitric oxide may be produced using ammonia and oxygen from the nitrogen-oxygen generator 112 and SOEC 106. This nitric oxide may further be reacted with oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide at step 212. Furthermore, at step 214, nitric acid may be produced by absorption of the nitrogen dioxide produced at step 212 by air or water. It may be appreciated that nitric acid may form the basis of production of other nitrogenous fertilizers such as, but not limited to, ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate. Further, at steps 216 and 218, surplus heat may be recycled to the Carnot battery 104. In some embodiments, the surplus recycled heat may be used to generate power, for example, using an Organic Rankine Cycle which may replace at least 10 % of the total input power of the system.

[0061] Therefore, the present disclosure describes an end-to-end solution for round-the- clock available renewable energy using Carnot battery that provides both heat and power to run an SOEC, and for other processes. In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, the system facilitates the manufacturing of nitrogenous fertilizers such as, ammonia, user, and nitric acid, but not limited to the like.

[0062] While the foregoing describes various embodiments of the invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof. The scope of the invention is determined by the claims that follow. The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, versions or examples, which are included to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention when combined with information and knowledge available to the person having ordinary skill in the art.ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE

[0063] The present disclosure utilizes Carnot batteries to eliminate the issue of intermittency of renewables.

[0064] The present disclosure utilizes Carnot batteries that provide both power and heat to run a Solid-Oxide Electrolyser Cell (SOEC) at a high efficiency.

[0065] The present disclosure utilizes Direct Air Capture (DAC) systems to capture carbon dioxide from the ambient air.

[0066] The present disclosure provides recycling and storing of the process heat released during the downstream processes back to Carnot batteries to increase the total efficiency of the process.

[0067] The present disclosure provides SOECs with very high efficiency that can utilize heat and power from Carnot batteries to operate round-the-clock without the need to oversize the electrolysers.

[0068] The present system provides sufficient high-purity oxygen from both SOECs and nitrogen-oxygen generators for the synthesis of fertilizers such as nitric acid.

[0069] The present disclosure allows the whole system to be situated anywhere and function as a complete unit for production of nitrogenous fertilizers without the need for any outside ingredient.

Claims

I Claim:

1. A system for synthesis of green ammonia and one or more nitrogenous fertilizers comprising: a Carnot battery (104) configured to receive renewable power supply from one or more intermittent renewable sources (102); a solid-oxide electrolyser cell (SOEC) (106) coupled to Carnot battery (104) for producing hydrogen; a nitrogen-oxygen (N2-O2) generator (110) coupled to Carnot battery (104) for producing nitrogen and oxygen; and a DAC arrangement (120) coupled to Carnot battery (104) for producing carbon dioxide, wherein the arrangement for producing ammonia from N2 and H2 (124), the arrangement for urea synthesis using ammonia and CO2 (126) and the arrangement for synthesis of nitric acid (214) using ammonia and oxygen from SOEC and nitrogen-oxygen generator.

2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Carnot battery (104) stores electricity in the form of thermal energy using processes such as but not limited to thermal energy storage, pumped thermal energy storage, and liquid air energy storage or a combination thereof during the charging cycle.

3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stored thermal energy is converted back to power using a heat engine (with a round-trip efficiency of 60-70%) during the discharge cycle and the usable heat is also available during the discharge cycle, providing both dispatchable power and heat for a long duration, with the total efficiency of the Carnot battery (combined power and heat) more than 90%.

4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Carnot battery (104) produces and provides continuous heat and power output to SOEC (106), DAC arrangement (108), and a N2-O2 generator (110).

5. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat and power provided by the Carnot battery (104) is used to run the SOEC (106) to produce hydrogen with high efficiency of more than 90% and the remaining heat energy is utilized by the DAC arrangement (108) to capture carbon dioxide from the ambient air for urea synthesis.

6. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein carbon dioxide is also extracted from industrial off gases or other waste sources.

7. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein hydrogen from SOEC (106) and nitrogen from N2-O2 generator (110) are reacted to produce ammonia.

8. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein carbon dioxide from the DAC arrangement (108) or captured from industrial off-gas and the ammonia produced by reacting hydrogen from SOEC (106) and nitrogen from N2-O2 generator (110) are reacted to produce urea.

9. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system further produces oxygen from N2-O2 generator (110) and SOEC (106) reacts with ammonia to produce nitric oxide that is further reacted with oxygen to obtain nitrogen dioxide which is absorb by water or air to produce nitric acid.

10. A method for synthesis of green ammonia and one or more nitrogenous fertilizers comprising: a) receiving renewable power supply from one or more intermittent renewable sources (102) to a Carnot battery (104); b) providing continuous heat and power by Carnot battery (104) to SOEC (106), DAC arrangement (108), and a nitrogen-oxygen generator (110) for producing hydrogen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen and oxygen respectively; c) reacting hydrogen from SOEC (106) and nitrogen from N2-O2 generator (110) to produce ammonia; d) reacting carbon dioxide from the DAC arrangement (108) or captured from industrial off-gas and the ammonia of step c) to produce urea; and e) reacting oxygen from N2-O2 generator (110) and SOEC (106) with ammonia of step c) to produce nitric oxide followed by reacting with oxygen to obtain nitrogen dioxide that is absorb by water or air to produce nitric acid.

11. The process as claimed in claim 10, wherein the heat requirement of the DAC arrangement (108) is met by heat from the Carnot battery (104) and the process heat of ammonia synthesis.

12. The process as claimed in claim 10, wherein the heat demand for urea synthesis is met by heat derived from renewables and the Carnot battery (104).

13. The process as claimed in claim 10, wherein the nitric acid is form the basis of production of one or more nitrogenous fertilizers selected from but not limited to ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate.

14. The process as claimed in claim 10, wherein the surplus heat from ammonia synthesis and nitric oxide synthesis is recycled to the Carnot battery (104) to increase the efficiency of the overall process.

15. The process as claimed in claim 10, wherein the surplus recycled heat is used to generate power.

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