Linear photovoltaic cell module

Abstract

A linear photovoltaic cell module, comprising: a first inner electrode, which is a linear conductor; a first functional photosensitive layer, which covers the first inner electrode; a second inner electrode, which is a linear conductor; and a second functional photosensitive layer, which covers the second inner electrode, wherein the first functional photosensitive layer and the second functional photosensitive layer are arranged in parallel or in a twisted mode and are electrically connected, and the first functional photosensitive layer and the second functional photosensitive layer have a photovoltaic effect, and the generated output voltages have opposite polarities. In the present invention, positive and negative charges of one end of batteries having two different polarities are recombined by means of an outer electrode and a connecting electrode, and the other ends of the batteries are led out to an outer circuit from respective inner electrodes. The linear photovoltaic cell module has the advantages of a small resistance, low electric-energy loss, simple connection, firmness, etc.

Description

A linear photovoltaic cell assembly Technical field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic cells, and specifically relates to a linear photovoltaic cell assembly.

[0002] A photovoltaic cell is a device that converts light energy into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is a thin sheet of photoelectric semiconductor that absorbs light and directly generates electricity. The primary application of photovoltaic cells is solar power generation, hence the name solar cell. Traditional solar cells use silicon wafers as their substrate. Due to the structure of silicon wafers, the resulting solar cells are rigid, planar structures. In recent years, with the advancement of thin-film battery technology, flexible batteries have been widely researched due to their flexibility, light weight, and wide range of applications. Typically, flexible batteries are formed by coating the battery thin film material on a flexible, transparent film, significantly reducing product weight while maintaining a certain degree of flexibility. With the advancement of technology, wearable devices have garnered widespread attention, aiming to convert sunlight into usable electricity anytime, anywhere, making solar energy more accessible to individuals. Consequently, flexible fiber-shaped solar cells, also known as linear photovoltaic cells, have been proposed. Linear photovoltaic cells are constructed by constructing a working electrode on a flexible linear substrate, depositing multiple functional layers and a counter electrode, and assembling a complete device to achieve photoelectric conversion. Compared to flexible planar cells, linear cells are not only lightweight and bendable, but can also withstand various three-dimensional deformations such as twisting and kinking, thus extending their application range.

[0003] However, due to the need to maintain good light transmittance, the transparent external electrodes of existing linear photovoltaic cells are typically thin, often only on the nanometer level. This results in low strength and high resistivity. Consequently, when transferring charge from one end of the cell to the other via the transparent external electrodes, existing linear photovoltaic cells experience excessive resistance, limiting the length of the linear cell. Furthermore, the extremely thin transparent external electrodes have low strength, making connection to external circuits difficult or even insufficiently secure. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the problem of excessive resistance in existing linear photovoltaic cells when transferring charge from one end of the cell to the other end through transparent external electrodes.

[0005] The present invention is achieved by taking the following technical solutions:

[0006] A linear photovoltaic cell assembly, comprising:

[0007] A first inner electrode is a linear conductor;

[0008] a first functional photosensitive layer covering the first inner electrode;

[0009] The second inner electrode is a linear conductor;

[0010] a second functional photosensitive layer covering the second inner electrode;

[0011] The first functional photosensitive layer and the second functional photosensitive layer are arranged in parallel or twisted and electrically connected; the first functional photosensitive layer and the second functional photosensitive layer have a photovoltaic effect, and the output voltages generated are of opposite polarities.

[0012] Preferably, the photovoltaic cell assembly further includes a transparent external electrode sleeved on the outside of the first functional photosensitive layer and the first functional photosensitive layer.

[0013] Preferably, the photovoltaic cell assembly further includes a transparent protective layer sleeved on the outside of the silk member.

[0014] Preferably, the photovoltaic cell assembly further includes a connecting electrode disposed on the first functional photosensitive layer and outside the first functional photosensitive layer.

[0015] Preferably, the plurality of sub-linear photovoltaic cells in the linear photovoltaic cell assembly are placed in parallel or twisted, and their transparent external electrodes are connected via connecting electrodes.

[0016] Optionally, there is no transparent external electrode outside a portion of the photosensitive functional power generation layer, and the connecting electrode is directly connected to the photosensitive functional power generation layer.

[0017] Preferably, the first functional photosensitive layer and the first functional photosensitive layer are heterojunctions or homojunctions formed by multiple layers of materials, respectively, and have structures such as pn, np, pin, nip, nn+, pp+, nn-, pp-, or are multi-layers based on these structures, but the output voltage polarities of the two types of functional photosensitive layers under light are opposite.

[0018] Preferably, the structural forms of the connecting electrodes include: bundling, winding, twisting of conductive wires, conductive clips, conductive tape pasting, conductive glue coating, conductive film coating, etc.

[0019] Preferably, the material of the transparent external electrode includes transparent oxide films such as ITO and FTO, transparent metal films such as gold and silver films, nanomaterial films such as nanosilver, conductive grids, transparent carbon films, etc.

[0020] Preferably, the first and second inner electrodes are solid or hollow conductors. The conductors may be made of metal wires, threads, or strips, such as Au wire, Ag wire, Cu wire, Al wire, Ti wire, carbon fiber, or conductive fiber. Alternatively, the conductors may be made of a multilayer structure comprising an insulating wire, thread, fiber, strip, or insulating tube coated with a conductive layer, such as polymer fiber, glass fiber, cotton thread, hemp thread, or plastic tube coated with a conductive layer.

[0021] Preferably, the linear photovoltaic cell assembly comprises a plurality of inner electrodes, and a functional photosensitive layer having a photovoltaic function is covered on the surface of each inner electrode, wherein the output voltage generated by the functional photosensitive layer on the surface of some inner electrodes has an opposite polarity to the output voltage generated by other electrodes.

[0022] Preferably, a plurality of the linear photovoltaic cell assemblies can be connected in series and in parallel to form a more Large-scale photovoltaic cell panels.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0024] The main differences between this invention and conventional linear photovoltaic cell modules are: The photocurrent generated by the functional photosensitive layer of conventional linear photovoltaic cells is transmitted through an inner electrode and a transparent outer electrode. Since the inner electrode only needs to meet requirements for flexibility and conductivity, its thickness can be designed as needed, resulting in a generally very low resistance. However, the outer electrode prioritizes light transmittance, resulting in an extremely thin thickness. Consequently, its unit length resistance is relatively high, leading to significant current losses along the axial direction of the outer electrode in linear cells, which can affect cell performance. Furthermore, the thinness of the transparent outer electrode makes it extremely difficult to extract and connect to an external circuit, or the connection is often unstable. The present invention utilizes two different polarity cells, where the positive and negative charges at one end recombine via the outer electrode and the connecting electrode, while the other ends are extracted from their respective inner electrodes. The current path primarily passes through the inner electrode, resulting in lower resistance, significantly reducing energy loss and improving cell efficiency. Furthermore, since the inner electrode typically has a certain size and strength, extracting it to an external circuit is much simpler than with a transparent outer electrode. Description of the Figures

[0025] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a linear photovoltaic cell assembly according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0026] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single-core photovoltaic cell;

[0027] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a linear photovoltaic cell assembly according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0028] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a four-twisted photovoltaic cell group according to the present invention;

[0029] Wherein: 1 - first inner electrode, 2 - first functional photosensitive layer, 3 - first transparent outer electrode, 4 - second inner electrode, 5 - second functional photosensitive layer, 6 - second transparent outer electrode, 7 - connecting electrode, 8 - transparent protective layer, 10 - inner electrode, 20 - functional photosensitive layer, 30 - transparent outer electrode, 80 - transparent outer protective layer, 201 - P layer, 202 - I layer, 203 - N layer, A1 - first inner electrode No. 1, A2 - first inner electrode No. 2, Am - m first inner electrode, B1 - second inner electrode No. 1, B2 - second inner electrode No. 2, Bn - n second inner electrode, 100 - A-type sub-cell, 200 - B-type sub-cell. Specific embodiments

[0030] The technical solution is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments to facilitate understanding of the present invention.

[0031] The purpose of the present invention is to adopt the following technical solutions to achieve:

[0032] As shown in FIG1 , the present invention provides a linear photovoltaic cell assembly, the photovoltaic cell assembly comprising:

[0033] The first inner electrode 1 is a linear conductor;

[0034] Zi a functional photosensitive layer 2, coated on the Zi an inner electrode 1;

[0035] The second inner electrode 4 is a linear conductor;

[0036] a second functional photosensitive layer 5, covering the second inner electrode;

[0037] The first functional photosensitive layer and the second functional photosensitive layer are arranged in parallel or twisted and electrically connected; the first functional photosensitive layer and the second functional photosensitive layer have a photovoltaic effect, and the output voltages generated have opposite polarities.

[0038] The photovoltaic cell assembly also includes a first transparent external electrode 3 sleeved on the first functional photosensitive layer 2, and a second transparent external electrode 6 sleeved on the outside of the second functional photosensitive layer 5. The transparent external electrodes can be wrapped separately as shown in Figure 1, or the first transparent external electrode 3 and the first transparent external electrode 6 can be combined into a single transparent external electrode to simultaneously wrap the first functional photosensitive layer 2 and the second functional photosensitive layer 5.

[0039] The photovoltaic cell assembly further includes a transparent protective layer 8 disposed outside the transparent outer electrode.

[0040] The photovoltaic cell assembly further includes a connecting electrode 7 disposed outside the first functional photosensitive layer 2 and the second functional photosensitive layer 5. As shown in FIG1 , when the photovoltaic cell assembly further includes transparent external electrodes 3 and 6, the connecting electrode 7 may also be disposed outside the transparent external electrodes.

[0041] As shown in Figure 1, the present invention employs a parallel-series structure. Two linear photovoltaic cells, A and B, are used. Cell A's first inner electrode 1 serves as the positive electrode, and its first transparent outer electrode 3 serves as the negative electrode. Cell B's second inner electrode 4 serves as the negative electrode, and its second transparent outer electrode 6 serves as the positive electrode. Cells A and B are placed side by side, and a connecting electrode 7 is formed at an appropriate location between them. Finally, a transparent protective layer 8 is applied. The primary operating principle is that when light shines on the photovoltaic cell assembly, passing through the transparent protective layer 8 and transparent outer electrodes 4 and 6, and reaching the functional photosensitive layers 2 and 5, a photovoltaic effect is generated in the functional photosensitive layers, forming electron-hole pairs that accumulate and generate voltage on the inner and transparent outer electrodes, respectively. For battery A, holes flow to inner electrode 1, and electrons flow to transparent outer electrode 3, making inner electrode 1 the positive electrode and transparent outer electrode 3 the negative electrode. For battery B, electrons flow to inner electrode 4, and holes flow to transparent outer electrode 6, making inner electrode 4 the negative electrode and transparent outer electrode 6 the positive electrode. Since connecting electrode 7 connects transparent outer electrodes 3 and 6 of both batteries, this is equivalent to connecting the negative electrode of battery A to the negative electrode of battery B, forming a series connection between batteries A and B. The resulting battery pack has the TF electrode of battery A as inner electrode 1, and the negative electrode of battery B as inner electrode 4. To use this battery pack, simply connect the two inner electrodes to an external circuit.

[0042] The main difference between the present invention and the conventional linear photovoltaic cell assembly is that the conventional linear photovoltaic cell has the structure shown in FIG2, including an inner electrode 10, a functional photosensitive layer 20, a transparent outer electrode 30, and a transparent outer protective layer. Protective layer 80. Charge generated at a certain location in the functional photosensitive layer first travels along the normal direction to the inner electrode and transparent outer electrode, then moves axially along these electrodes, ultimately exiting through the lead at one end. Therefore, for a point far from the lead, the charge generated there must travel a long axial transmission path to exit. Due to the required light transmission of the transparent outer electrode, its thickness is typically extremely thin, resulting in a high resistivity. When the linear battery is relatively large, the axial resistance of the transparent outer electrode is very high, resulting in significant current transmission losses. When using the structure shown in Figure 1, holes generated at a certain location in the functional photosensitive layer 2 of cell A first flow in the normal direction to the inner electrode 1, then move along the inner electrode's axial direction. Simultaneously, electrons generated in the normal direction reach the transparent outer electrode 3. Electrons generated in a certain location in the functional photosensitive layer 5 of cell B first flow in the normal direction to the inner electrode 4, then move along the inner electrode's axial direction. Simultaneously, holes generated in the normal direction reach the transparent outer electrode 6. Because the transparent outer electrodes 3 and 6 of cells A and B are relatively close to each other and are connected by connecting electrodes 7 at intervals, electrons in the transparent outer electrode 3 of cell A only need to cross the relatively short connecting electrodes 7 to connect to the transparent outer electrode 6 of cell B and recombine with holes in the transparent outer electrode of cell B. Therefore, when this interconnected battery is powered externally, holes flow primarily through the inner electrode 1 of cell A, while electrons flow primarily through the inner electrode 4 of cell B. Since the inner electrodes only need to be flexible and conductive, their thickness can be well designed, resulting in a typically very low resistance. However, the outer electrode must prioritize light transmittance, so its thickness is extremely thin, resulting in high resistance per unit length. This leads to significant current losses when current is transmitted axially along the outer electrode of a linear battery. Therefore, using the method of the present invention, the negative charge at one end of the two batteries with different polarities is combined via the middle outer electrode and the connecting electrode, while the other end is extracted from the respective inner electrodes. The current path primarily passes through the inner electrode, resulting in lower resistance and improved battery efficiency. Furthermore, since the inner electrodes generally have a certain size and strength, it is easier to extract them to the external circuit than with transparent outer electrodes.

[0043] Figure 1 shows a simplest example of the present invention. Each inner electrode, corresponding functional photosensitive layer, and transparent outer electrode can be considered a sub-linear photovoltaic cell. In specific implementations, the present invention requires adjustments to the sub-linear photovoltaic cells based on practical needs, including the number of sub-linear photovoltaic cells, their thickness, length, the materials and fabrication methods of each layer within each linear photovoltaic cell, the arrangement of each linear photovoltaic cell, the shape and fabrication methods of the connecting electrodes, and the internal electrode lead-out method.

[0044] Regarding the number of sub-linear photovoltaic cells, Figure 1 shows a configuration with one sub-linear photovoltaic cell each of two types, A and B. In practical applications, the two types of cells with opposite output polarities can each include one or more sub-linear photovoltaic cells. That is, the number of sub-linear photovoltaic cells with different polarities in the two parts can be 1:1, 1:many, or many:many. Regardless of the number of sub-linear photovoltaic cells included in the photovoltaic cell assembly, The output voltage polarity of a portion of the linear photovoltaic cells must be opposite to that of another portion of the linear photovoltaic cells. The transparent external electrodes of these sub-linear photovoltaic cells are connected via a connecting electrode; alternatively, for some linear cells without transparent external electrodes, the connecting electrode is directly connected to the photosensitive functional layer. The number of sub-linear photovoltaic cells with different polarities in the two sections can be 1:1, one-to-many, or many-to-many, with the ratio determined by the total photocurrent of the two types of linear photovoltaic cells. To achieve high photovoltaic module efficiency, the ratio should ensure that the total photocurrent generated by the two types of sub-linear photovoltaic cells is similar. Multiple sub-linear photovoltaic cells with the same polarity should have similar output voltages to ensure that the parallel voltage does not significantly drop.

[0045] The internal sub-line photovoltaic cells can be arranged in parallel as shown in Figure 2 or Figure 3, or can be twisted in pairs (1:1) or in multiple twists (one to many or many to many).

[0046] The materials of the inner electrodes, functional photosensitive layers and transparent outer electrodes of each sub-line photovoltaic cell can be the same or different, but the outermost layer of a single sub-line photovoltaic cell should not react with the outermost layers of other sub-line photovoltaic cells and the connecting electrodes to damage the cell performance.

[0047] The inner electrode can be solid or hollow. It can be entirely made of a conductive material or have a multi-layer structure. If it is a multi-layer structure, its outer surface must be a conductive layer. Commonly used inner electrodes include metal wires / filaments / strips such as Au wire, Ag wire, Cu wire, Al wire, Ti wire, carbon fibers, conductive fibers, etc. They can also be multi-layer structures made of insulating wires / filaments / fibers / strips or insulating tubes coated with a conductive layer, such as polymer fibers, glass fibers, cotton threads, hemp threads, nylon threads, plastic tubes, etc. coated with a conductive layer. The length of the inner electrode determines the length of the linear battery and module.

[0048] The internal electrodes of the sub-line photovoltaic cells in the photovoltaic cell assembly can be led out from one end or from both ends. When led out from one end, they can be led out from the same end or from different ends.

[0049] The functional photosensitive layer is typically a heterojunction or homojunction formed by multiple layers of materials, having a pn, np, pin, nip, nn+, pp+, nn-, pp- structure, or a multi-layer structure based on these structures, but the output voltage polarity of the two types of functional photosensitive layers under illumination is opposite. The semiconductor materials of each layer can be various materials currently used in thin-film photovoltaic cells: Group IV semiconductor materials such as silicon-based and selenium-based semiconductors, Group MV semiconductor materials such as GaAs, InP, AlSb, etc., Group II-VI semiconductor materials such as CdSe, CdTe, CdS, ZnTe, ZnS, Chemical materials such as PbI2, perovskite materials such as FAPbI3, AmPbI3, SnPbI3, SnPbI3, CsPbI3, CsA2gBiBr6, dye-sensitized battery materials, organic compound battery materials, etc. Sometimes, in order to improve the battery conversion efficiency, it is necessary to optimize the semiconductor junction interface and the interface layer between the semiconductor layer and the internal and external electrodes. The addition of a transport layer / modification layer ensures good energy level matching between the functional photosensitive layer and the internal and external electrode layers, ensuring efficient charge extraction. The functional photosensitive layer 20 shown in Figure 2 comprises a P layer 201, an I layer 202, and an N layer 203, forming a typical pin structure. The contact layer with the internal electrode is the p layer, so the internal electrode 10 is the positive electrode, and the transparent external electrode 30 is the negative electrode. If the linear cell in Figure 2 is used as the r linear photovoltaic cell in the linear photovoltaic cell module shown in Figure 1, it is equivalent to the A cell in the linear photovoltaic cell module. Holes generated by the photosensitive layer flow to the first internal electrode 1, and electrons flow to the first transparent external electrode 3. For the B cell, a reverse NIP cell is fabricated, where electrons flow to the second internal electrode 4 and holes flow to the second transparent external electrode 60. Cells A and B are placed side by side, and connecting electrodes 7 are fabricated on their surfaces. Connecting electrode 7 connects the external electrodes of battery A and battery B, facilitating recombination between electrons flowing from the external electrode of battery A and holes in the external electrode of battery B. At this point, holes in battery A are transported axially through the internal electrode of battery A, while electrons in the external electrode of battery A recombine with holes in the external electrode of battery B via the connecting electrode. Electrons in battery B are then transported axially through the internal electrode of battery B. Thus, the internal electrodes of batteries A and B form the positive and negative electrodes of the entire battery stack, forming a series structure with summed voltages and the same current. Finally, a transparent protective layer is applied to the entire surface of the battery stack.

[0050] Depending on the needs, cell A does not necessarily need to be a pin structure, and cell B does not necessarily need to be an nip structure. They can be any of a variety of semiconductor junctions, such as pn, np, pin, nip, nn+, pp+, nn-, or pp-. Cells A and B can also be organic molecular donor-acceptor cells. The photosensitive functional layers of cells A and B can also be stacked layers composed of any of these structures. Regardless of the type of photosensitive layer structure, the ultimate requirement is that the output polarities of cells A and B are opposite, and the material and structure of the functional photosensitive layers are not limited.

[0051] A transparent external electrode covers the exterior of the photosensitive functional layer. This transparent external electrode has excellent electrical conductivity and good light transmittance. Materials for this transparent external electrode include transparent oxide films such as ITO and FTO, transparent metal films such as gold and silver, nanomaterial films such as nanosilver, conductive grids, and transparent carbon films. The transparent external electrode maintains good conductive contact with the functional photosensitive layer and is primarily used to extract charge from the functional photosensitive layer.

[0052] If needed, the transparent external electrodes of cells A and B can be eliminated. When the transparent external electrodes of a sub-line photovoltaic cell are eliminated, the connecting electrodes also assume the charge extraction capability of the transparent electrodes. In this case, the connecting electrodes 7 should be arranged more densely to maximize charge extraction from the sub-line photovoltaic cell.

[0053] The purpose of the connecting electrodes is to connect the outermost layers of the linear photovoltaic cells to ensure the same Linear photovoltaic cells with the same polarity form a parallel structure, while linear photovoltaic cells with different polarities form a series structure. Therefore, the form is not limited and can be arranged as a dispersed conductive ring as shown in Figure 1, or a continuously looped wire, or twisted together with sub-linear photovoltaic cells, or other conductive materials such as conductive tape, conductive glue, or conductive film coating.

[0054] The connecting electrodes may be transparent or opaque. If opaque, they should be extremely thin and spaced at regular intervals to avoid blocking excessive light.

[0055] For the convenience of manufacturing, the inner electrodes wrapped with the photosensitive functional layer can be parallel or twisted together, and then transparent outer electrodes can be uniformly made on the outside. In this case, the transparent outer electrodes can play the role of connecting electrodes, and the connecting electrodes can be reduced or eliminated as needed.

[0056] The entire linear photovoltaic module is wrapped with a transparent protective layer. This layer is made of an insulating material that also exhibits excellent light transmittance, water resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance. It is primarily used to protect the cell surface. Common transparent protective layers include glass coatings, organic coatings, and films.

[0057] Due to the flexibility of linear cells, it is sometimes difficult to arrange sub-linear photovoltaic cells in parallel. In this case, the sub-linear photovoltaic cells and the connecting electrodes in the form of wires can be twisted together.

[0058] The present invention will require adjustments based on practical needs during implementation, primarily in terms of the number, thickness, and length of linear photovoltaic cells, the materials and manufacturing methods of each layer within each sub-linear photovoltaic cell, the arrangement of each sub-linear photovoltaic cell, the shape and manufacturing method of the connecting electrodes, and the internal electrode lead-out method. Regardless of the configuration, two types of cells, A and B, with different polarities, must be formed within the module, forming a series structure.

[0059] The inner electrode is a solid or hollow conductor, and can be a metal conductor such as Au, Ag, Cu, or Al, or a conductive fiber such as carbon fiber or conductive tubing. For cell A, a pin-type cell is fabricated on the surface of its inner electrode. The i-layer is a photosensitive layer, typically made from various materials currently used in thin-film batteries, such as silicon-based, selenium-based, and other Group IV semiconductor materials, Group III-V semiconductor materials such as GaAs, Group U-VI semiconductor materials such as CdTe, compound materials such as CIGS, iodide materials, perovskite materials, dye-sensitized solar cell materials, and organic compound solar cell materials. The p-layer is a hole transport layer, and the n-layer is an electron transport layer. Holes generated by the photosensitive layer flow to the inner electrode A1, while electrons flow to the transparent outer electrode A3. For cell B, a nip-type cell is fabricated in the opposite direction, with electrons flowing to the inner electrode B1 and holes to the transparent outer electrode B3. Cells A and B are placed side by side, and connecting electrodes are fabricated on their surfaces. The connecting electrode connects the outer electrodes of battery A and battery B, so that the electrons flowing out of the outer electrode of battery A can recombine with the holes in the outer electrode of battery B. At this point, the holes in battery A are transmitted axially through the inner electrode of battery A. The charge from the outer electrode of cell A recombines with the holes in the outer electrode of cell B via the connecting electrode. The charge from cell B then travels axially through the inner electrode of cell B. Therefore, the inner electrodes of cells A and B form the positive and negative poles of the entire battery pack. Cells A and B form a series structure, with added voltages and equal currents. Finally, a transparent protective layer is applied to the entire surface of the battery pack.

[0060] Depending on the needs, cell A doesn't necessarily need to be a pin structure, and cell B doesn't necessarily need to be an nip structure. They can be pn structures, np structures, or organic molecular donor-acceptor types. The only requirement is that the output polarities of cells A and B are opposite, not limited to the material and structure of their functional photosensitive layers.

[0061] The connection electrodes 7 can generally be connected by bundling or wrapping them with conductive wire at regular intervals, using conductive clips, pasting them with conductive tape, or applying conductive glue. Alternatively, after A and B are fixed side by side, a conductive film or conductive glue is added to the sides where they touch.

[0062] If needed, the transparent external electrodes of cells A and B can also be eliminated. When the transparent external electrodes of a sub-cell are eliminated, the connecting electrodes also assume the charge extraction capability of the transparent electrodes. In this case, the connecting electrodes 7 should be arranged more densely to extract more charge from the sub-cell.

[0063] Because cells A and B form a series structure, their voltages add and their currents are the same. To ensure the performance of the entire battery pack, the photocurrents of cells A and B must be the same. However, due to the different film structures of cells A and B, the performance of the two cells often differs. To address this issue, a one-to-many or many-to-many structure can be adopted. As shown in Figure 3, cell A includes first inner electrode A1 (number 1), first inner electrode A2 (number 2), and up to m first inner electrodes Am. Cell B includes second inner electrode B1 (number 1), second inner electrode B2 (number 2), and up to n second inner electrodes Bn. The manufacturing processes and component materials of these sub-line photovoltaic cells can be similar or different, but their ratios should be optimized when combined into the photovoltaic cell module. The photovoltaic voltages of the M type A sub-line photovoltaic cells are UA1, UA2, ..., UAm, and the currents are IA1, IA2, ..., and IAn. The photovoltaic voltages of the N type B sub-line photovoltaic cells are UB1, UB2, ..., UBn, and the currents are IB1, IB2, ..., IBn. Since the same type of sub-linear photovoltaic cells are equivalent to being connected in parallel, it is necessary to ensure that the photovoltaic voltages of the same type of linear photovoltaic cells should be relatively close, that is, UA=UA1=UA2=...=UAm, UB=UB1=UB2=...=UBn, and their respective currents are added together, that is, IA=1A1+IA2+...,+IAm, IB=1B1+1B2+...,+lBn. Theoretically, since the two types of sub-linear photovoltaic cells are equivalent to being connected in series after forming a photovoltaic cell module, the photovoltaic cell module voltage Ucell=U A +UB, , the battery pack current is the smaller of IA and IB, that is, Icell=min(IA,IB). However, in reality, for photovoltaic cells, when the method of the present invention is not used, the transparent electrode current is large, and the photosensitive functional layer generates The charge cannot be fully extracted, resulting in a low voltage and current of the battery. After forming the component using this method, the charge generated by the photosensitive functional layer can be better extracted, and the voltage and current of the system are increased, rather than simply added.

[0064] Figures 1 and 3 show multiple linear sub-batteries, with cells A and B arranged in parallel in a row. In practice, due to the flexibility of linear batteries, arranging the sub-batteries side by side can sometimes be challenging. In this case, a twisted or stranded structure can be employed. Figure 4 illustrates an example of a four-stranded structure, comprising two type A sub-batteries 100 and two type B sub-batteries 200, twisted together. A transparent conductive mesh is wrapped around the outer surface of the four linear sub-batteries, serving as connecting electrodes 7. A transparent protective layer 8 is wrapped around the outer surface of the connecting electrodes 7. When connected to an external circuit, first internal electrode A1 and first internal electrode A2 are combined and connected to form the positive electrode; first internal electrode B1 and first internal electrode B2 are combined and connected to form the negative electrode. Figure 4 shows the internal electrodes of sub-batteries A and B extending from the same end, but they can also be extended from both ends to facilitate external circuit connection.

[0065] As a practical application of the present invention, the inventors fabricated a linear photovoltaic module comprising two sub-linear photovoltaic cells. The fabrication method is as follows: a 200 μm Cu wire was surface treated, and then a p-type transport layer (Pedot PSS), an i-type semiconductor layer (perovskite MAPbI3), and an n-type transport layer (PCBM) were sequentially fabricated. Finally, a nanosilver film was applied to the surface to form a transparent external electrode, creating linear cell A. Cell A had a Cu wire as the inner electrode, a PIN-type photosensitive functional layer (Pedot PSS / MAPbI3 / PCBM), and a nanosilver layer as the transparent external electrode. A 200 μm Ti wire of the same length was surface treated, and then an n-type transport layer (TiO2), an i-type perovskite semiconductor layer (FAPbI3), and a p-type transport layer (Spiro-Ometd) were applied. Finally, a nanosilver film was applied to the surface to form a transparent external electrode, creating sub-linear cell B. Cell B has a Ti wire inner electrode, a TiO2 / FAPbI3 / Spiro-Ometd nip-type photosensitive functional layer, and a nanosilver layer as a transparent outer electrode. Sub-wire cells A and B were placed side by side, and 9µm silver wire was wrapped around their outer surfaces to form a connecting electrode. Finally, a transparent protective epoxy resin layer was applied to the outer surface. Cell A has a pin structure, so its inner electrode serves as the positive electrode, and its transparent outer electrode serves as the negative electrode. Cell B has a nip structure, with its inner electrode serving as the negative electrode and its transparent outer electrode serving as the positive electrode. Connected via the connecting electrode, they form a photovoltaic cell module, with the inner electrode of cell A serving as the negative electrode and the inner electrode of cell B serving as the negative electrode. Direct measurements of the voltage and current between the inner and transparent outer electrodes of cell A revealed an open-circuit voltage of 0.08V and no short-circuit current due to the poor conductivity of the transparent outer electrode. Cell B's open-circuit voltage was measured to be 0.27V, and its short-circuit current was 31µA. However, when two sub-linear cells are formed into a linear photovoltaic cell module using the method of this patent, the open circuit voltage between the two inner electrodes of cells A and B is measured to be 0.36 and the short circuit current is 33uA. The voltage and short-circuit current are significantly improved compared to individual cells. In this example, the inner electrodes of both linear cells A and B have a diameter of 200 μm. The transparent outer electrodes are thin films made of 28 nm nanosilver, and the connecting electrodes are 9 μm silver wires. When using linear cells alone, one end of the external circuit must be connected to the 200 μm inner electrode and the other end to the transparent outer electrode or connecting electrode. However, the transparent outer electrode is a nanometer-thick film, and the connecting electrode has a diameter of only 9 μm, making this connection very difficult. Using the method of the present invention, only the two ends of the external circuit need to be connected to the inner electrodes of cells A and B. The size and strength of the inner electrodes are much greater than those of the transparent outer and connecting electrodes, making the connection more convenient and secure.

[0066] The above examples only illustrate the results of a typical linear photovoltaic cell assembly of the present invention. In practice, because the inner electrodes are highly conductive, they can be connected at both ends to form a longer composite linear photovoltaic cell assembly. Furthermore, since the inner electrodes typically have a certain size and strength, routing them to an external circuit is much simpler than with transparent outer electrodes. This facilitates the wider use of linear cells. For example, these linear cell assemblies can be woven to form large-area battery modules to meet various application requirements.

[0067] The above embodiments are merely a few typical application solutions for the linear photovoltaic cell module structure claimed by the present invention and do not represent all the rights claimed by the present invention. The present invention should not be limited to the claims of these embodiments. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications may be made to the technical solutions of the present embodiments or equivalent substitutions may be made for some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention and therefore do not deviate from the claims of the present invention.

Claims

Claims 1. A linear photovoltaic cell assembly, characterized in that: The photovoltaic cell assembly includes: a first inner electrode, which is a linear conductor; a first functional photosensitive layer, which is coated on the first inner electrode; a second inner electrode, which is a linear conductor; a second functional photosensitive layer, which is coated on the second inner electrode; the first functional photosensitive layer and the second functional photosensitive layer are arranged in parallel or twisted and electrically connected; the first functional photosensitive layer and the first functional photosensitive layer have a photovoltaic effect, and the output voltages generated have opposite polarities.

2. The linear photovoltaic cell assembly according to claim 1, wherein: The photovoltaic cell assembly further includes a transparent external electrode sleeved on the outside of the first functional photosensitive layer and the second functional photosensitive layer.

3. The linear photovoltaic cell assembly according to claim 1, wherein: The photovoltaic cell assembly further includes a connecting electrode disposed outside the first functional photosensitive layer and the second functional photosensitive layer.

4. The linear photovoltaic cell silk member according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic cell assembly further includes a transparent protective layer arranged on the outer side thereof.

5. The linear photovoltaic cell assembly according to claim 1, wherein: The first functional photosensitive layer and the second functional photosensitive layer are respectively heterojunctions or homojunctions formed by multilayer materials, including pn, np, pin> nip> nn+, pp+, nn-, pp- structures, or multilayer combinations based on the structures.

6. The linear photovoltaic cell silk member according to claim 3, characterized in that: The structural forms of the connecting electrodes include: bundling, winding, twisting of conductive wires, conductive clips, pasting with conductive tapes, coating with conductive glue, and covering with conductive films.

7. The linear photovoltaic cell assembly according to claim 2, wherein: The material of the transparent external electrode includes a transparent oxide film, a transparent metal film, a transparent conductive nano film, a transparent conductive carbon film, and a conductive grid.

8. The linear photovoltaic cell assembly according to claim 1, wherein: The materials of the first inner electrode and the second inner electrode include metal wire, carbon fiber, conductive fiber, and may also be insulating wires coated with a conductive layer.

9. The linear photovoltaic cell assembly according to claim 1, wherein: The first inner electrode and the second inner electrode are solid or hollow wires.

0. A linear photovoltaic cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic cell assembly includes one or more groups of first internal electrodes and first functional photosensitive layers, and one or more groups of second internal electrodes and second functional photosensitive layers.

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