Connection method between the plug and the socket of two connection units of an electric vehicle charging system

Abstract

The invention relates to an automatic electrical connection method implemented for the wired charging of a rechargeable electric or hybrid vehicle, between a plug (1) connected to a power supply assembly of the electric vehicle and belonging to a first connection unit (VU), and a socket (2) connected to a power supply network to which the power supply assembly of the electric vehicle must connect in order to recharge, and belonging to a second connection unit (GU), the method including a step of activating electromagnetic coils of the second connection unit (GU) according to a given sequence in order to transmit a message representative of data configured to identify the second connection unit with respect to the first connection unit (VU).

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] Title of the invention: Method of connection between the plug and the socket of two connection units of a charging system of an electric vehicle

[0003] Technical field of the invention

[0004] The present invention relates to a method of connection between the plug and the socket of two connection units of a charging system of an electric vehicle.

[0005] State of the art

[0006] Patent application WO2017 / 216458A1 discloses an electrical connection device in the form of a tray incorporating a magnetically attractive electrical socket. The electrical socket is positioned in the center and the tray has a surface extending around the periphery of the front connection face of the electrical socket. The electrical socket is provided with magnetic means enabling it to attract, by magnetic effect, an electrical plug provided with corresponding magnetic means. The electrical connection is made between the socket and the plug when the two elements are stuck together by the magnetic effect. The plug is connected to an electrical appliance, such as, for example, a power supply system of an electric vehicle. In a particular embodiment, the device comprises several annular coils which are integrated into the tray and positioned concentrically around the electrical socket.In operation, the tray incorporating the electrical socket is, for example, placed on the floor and connected to the mains by an electrical cable. The plug is released from the appliance near the tray. The coils are controlled by a suitable control sequence to guide the plug towards the centre of the tray and therefore towards the electrical socket. The connection is made by the magnetic attraction present between the respective magnetic means of the socket and the plug.

[0007] This earlier solution only concerns the principle of making the connection between the plug and the socket, in particular thanks to the coils integrated into the plate placed on the ground. This earlier document does not address the steps prior to the connection between the plug and the socket, in particular those concerning the activation of each connection unit, on the vehicle side and on the electrical network side.

[0008] These preliminary steps have been described in patent application WO2023 / 222811 A1. This document describes the principle which allows the connection unit located on the vehicle side and comprising the plug, to detect the presence of the connection unit present on the ground and comprising the socket on which the plug is connected by magnetic effect.

[0009] In this document, the procedure leading to the connection is however long because it includes an initial pre-authentication sequence carried out by data exchange via a wireless link, then an authentication step carried out by data exchange via a wired link, once the plug is physically connected to the socket. The duration of this procedure delays the moment when the vehicle can start charging.

[0010] Other charging solutions are described in patent applications US2017 / 341519A1 and US2023 / 081974A1.

[0011] The aim of the invention is to propose a solution allowing a connection between the plug and the socket of the two connection units, located on the vehicle side and on the electrical network side, which is efficient so that the vehicle can start charging quickly, and sufficiently robust to cover all the use cases which may arise when a vehicle is required to be plugged in to be recharged.

[0012] Statement of the invention

[0013] This aim is achieved by an automatic electrical connection method implemented for wired charging of an electric or rechargeable hybrid vehicle, between a plug connected to an electrical power supply assembly of the electric vehicle, and a socket connected to an electrical power supply network to which the power supply assembly of the electric vehicle must connect in order to recharge, the plug comprising a first magnetic architecture and the socket comprising a second magnetic architecture, the plug and the socket being able to couple mechanically by magnetic effect via their magnetic architectures, the plug being initially housed in a housing of a first connection unit located on the vehicle side and comprising a first control unit and first wireless communication means, and the socket being carried by a second connection unit located on the electrical network side and comprising a second control unit,second wireless communication means and several electromagnetic coils, said electromagnetic coils being actuable according to a determined sequence to center the plug relative to the socket before their coupling and their electrical connection, said method being characterized in that it comprises: A pre-authentication phase comprising: o A step of transmission by the first connection unit of a request via its first wireless communication means, o A step of reception of said request by the second connection unit, o A step of activation of the electromagnetic coils of the second connection unit according to a given sequence to transmit a message representative of data configured to identify the second connection unit; o A step of analysis of said data,implemented by the first control unit of the first connection unit; o A step of establishing a point-to-point wireless link between the first connection unit and the second connection unit when the data received by the first connection unit are verified;,

[0014] A phase of initiating an electrical connection sequence, the electrical connection sequence comprising steps performed to magnetically attract the plug to the socket by activating the electromagnetic coils of the second connection unit, with a view to connecting the plug to the socket.

[0015] According to a particular feature, said data is a checksum calculated on an address of the second connection unit, and when the analyzed checksum is not verified, the method consists of restarting the pre-authentication phase.

[0016] According to another feature, during the step of verifying the checksum, if the first control unit calculates two distinct addresses, corresponding respectively to that of the second connection unit and to that of another connection unit located nearby, the first control unit executes a step to discriminate the second connection unit from said other connection unit.

[0017] According to another feature, the connection sequence comprises, at the level of the first connection unit, a step of ejecting the plug from its housing and a step of magnetic capture of the plug by activation of one of said several electromagnetic coils of the second connection unit.

[0018] According to a particular embodiment, the method comprises:

[0019] - A step of validating the spatial positioning of the first connection unit with respect to the second connection unit in order to be able to guarantee a connection between the plug and the socket. According to another feature, the method comprises a phase of exchanging compatibility data between the first connection unit and the second connection unit, via the first communication means and the second communication means. According to another feature, the method comprises a step of monitoring the speed of the vehicle and a step of activating detection means of the first connection unit, implemented taking into account said monitored speed.

[0020] The invention relates to an automatic electrical connection system implemented for wired charging of an electric or rechargeable hybrid vehicle, between a plug connected to an electrical power supply assembly of the electric vehicle, and a socket connected to an electrical power supply network to which the power supply assembly of the electric vehicle must connect in order to recharge, the plug comprising a first magnetic architecture and the socket comprising a second magnetic architecture, the plug and the socket being able to couple mechanically by magnetic effect via their magnetic architectures, the plug being initially housed in a housing of a first connection unit located on the vehicle side and comprising a first control unit and first wireless communication means, and the socket being carried by a second connection unit located on the electrical network side and comprising a second control unit,second wireless communication means and several electromagnetic coils, said electromagnetic coils being actuable according to a determined sequence to center the plug relative to the socket before their coupling and their electrical connection, the first connection unit and the second connection unit being configured to implement the connection method as defined above, with a view to connecting the plug to the socket.,

[0021] According to one feature, the first connection unit comprises means for extracting the plug from its housing and means for releasing the plug. According to another feature, the first control unit comprises means for monitoring the speed of the vehicle and means for waking up the first connection unit, activated taking into account said monitored speed.

[0022] Brief description of the figures

[0023] Other characteristics and advantages will appear in the detailed description which follows, given with reference to the attached drawings in which:

[0024] Figure 1 schematically represents the connection system according to the invention; Figure 2 represents the functional architecture of the connection system according to the invention;

[0025] Figure 3 shows a diagram illustrating the different steps implemented during the connection process between the plug and the socket, according to the invention;

[0026] Detailed description of at least one embodiment

[0027] The invention applies generally to an electrical connection system, which can in particular be used in an electrical installation intended for recharging an electric vehicle.

[0028] With reference to Figure 1, the system consists of two parts, one of the two parts being intended to be connected to an electrical supply network R, and the other part being intended to be connected to a power supply assembly of an electric or rechargeable hybrid vehicle V.

[0029] Any electrical connection solution to the vehicle's electrical power supply assembly V or to the electrical supply network R may be considered, such as a cable, conductive rod, or other equivalent solution...

[0030] The first part of the system comprises a first VU connection unit located on the vehicle V side and carrying an electrical plug 1 and the second part comprises a second GU connection unit, located on the electrical supply network R side and carrying an electrical socket 2 to which the plug 1 is connected.

[0031] The system advantageously allows plug 1 to be mechanically connected to socket 2 automatically, without the intervention of an operator or robot, using only magnetic and gravitational means.

[0032] Of course, the terms "plug" and "socket" are to be understood in a non-limiting manner, without any a priori on their respective structures and it must be understood that these are precise terms to define a first connector and a second connector, intended to connect mechanically and electrically to each other.

[0033] For the remainder of the description, an assembly direction is defined, corresponding to a main axis (A) along which the plug 1 comes into mechanical support against the socket 2.

[0034] In the remainder of the description, the terms "front" and "rear" as well as "top" and "bottom" and "upper" and "lower" are to be considered taking into account the longitudinal position along the main axis (A). In the remainder of the description, the terms "inner" and "outer" are to be considered according to the coaxial position with respect to the main axis (A).

[0035] When plug 1 is connected to socket 2, the front part of plug 1 mechanically rests against the front part of socket 2 and an electrical connection can then be established.

[0036] A connection between the plug and the socket means that the plug is in mechanical contact against the socket and that one or more electrical connection members of the plug are electrically connected to one or more electrical connection members of the socket.

[0037] Referring to Figure 1, plug 1 and socket 2 are intended to connect by magnetic effect.

[0038] The socket 2 is provided with a magnetic architecture AM_2 arranged transversely to the main axis (A), allowing it to attract the plug 1, which in turn has a corresponding magnetic architecture AM_1. When the plug 1 is magnetically bonded to the socket 2, an electrical connection is also made between the first electrical connection members of the socket 2 and the second electrical connection members of the plug 1.

[0039] The two magnetic architectures used ensure the bonding of the plug

[0040] I on the socket 2 by magnetic effect. Different magnetic architectures allowing the bonding of the plug 1 on the socket 2 are described in particular in patent EP3317926B1 and in patent application WO2020 / 229321A1. These are applicable to the present invention but are to be considered in a non-limiting manner. The two magnetic architectures advantageously comprise several permanent magnets. According to a particular feature, the two magnetic architectures operate in attraction when the plug is in a suitable angular position relative to the socket to establish the connection, or in repulsion when the plug must be removed from the socket during disconnection.

[0041] It should be noted that the two magnetic architectures AM_1, AM_2 are configured to ensure bonding of the plug 1 against the socket 2, by magnetic attraction effect, according to a given orientation, around the main axis. The two magnetic architectures AM_1, AM_2 are configured so that the plug 2 can take several distinct angular positions when it is bonded to the socket 1 by magnetic effect.

[0042] The first VU connection unit comprises a housing 10 in which the plug 1 is housed. This housing 10 may be designed so as to cover and protect the connection members of the plug 1 when the plug is housed therein. The first VU connection unit may comprise means 11 for extracting the plug 1 from the housing as well as means for releasing the plug 2 relative to the housing 10. These means for releasing the plug 1 may consist of an electric motor 120 responsible for driving a reel 121 or other equivalent means, making it possible to wind or unwind an electric cable 122 to the end of which the plug 1 is connected.

[0043] The first connection unit VU also comprises first magnetic field detection means 13, associated with the first connection unit VU. These first detection means 13 may comprise one or more sensors, such as for example Hall effect sensors. They are used to assist in the spatial positioning of the first connection unit relative to the second connection unit.

[0044] The first connection unit VU may also comprise first communication means 14 used to exchange data, in particular identification data, with the second connection unit GU. These first communication means 14 comprise at least one wireless communication interface (for example of the Bluetooth type).

[0045] The first VU connection unit also includes a first control unit UC_1 responsible for managing in particular:

[0046] Monitoring a vehicle parameter, for example its speed V_v, with a view to waking up the first VU connection unit;

[0047] Management of the data received from the first detection means 13, in particular to manage the spatial positioning of the first connection unit VU relative to the second connection unit GU;

[0048] Management of the first means of communication 14, with a view to controlling the exchange of data, via the wireless communication interface;

[0049] Extraction of the plug 1, by controlling the extraction means 11 of the plug 1 relative to the housing 10 and the means for releasing the plug 1 when the first connection unit VU and the second connection unit GU are paired; According to a particular aspect, the first control unit UC_1 is for example capable of activating or deactivating the first connection unit VU taking into account the variation of at least one parameter. This may be for example the speed of the vehicle. Below a speed threshold value (taking into account a hysteresis), the first control unit UC_1 can activate in particular the first detection means 13, and the first communication means 14.

[0050] The second connection unit GU integrates the socket 2. In a non-limiting manner, this second connection unit GU advantageously has a plate 20 to be placed on a support (for example the ground S - the main axis (A) is then orthogonal to the ground). The plate 20 may comprise one or more connectors 30 allowing it to be connected to the electrical network R and possibly to an external communication system. Electrical connections integrated into the plate 20 make it possible to connect the electrical socket 2 to said connectors 30.

[0051] With reference to figure 1, the plate 20 comprises a closed envelope 21 of which a part, for example central, is occupied by the socket 2.

[0052] The electrical socket 2 has a front area 22 by which it mechanically connects with the plug 1. This front area 22 is oriented transversely to the main axis (A) and can be of any suitable shape, flat or curved, concave or convex. The casing 21 is located on the periphery of the socket 2 and defines a front surface extending on the periphery of the front area 22 of said socket 2. This front surface extends beyond the front area 22 of the socket 2 and is not dedicated to the connection. The front surface of the plate 20, around the socket 2, can be flat in the same plane as that formed by the front area 22 of the socket 2, or of a concave or convex curved shape (as in the appended figures). Beneath this surface, the casing 21 of the second connection unit GU incorporates magnetic centering means adapted to guide the plug 1 towards the socket 2 when the plug 1 is approaching.In a non-limiting manner, patent application No. WO2017 / 216458A1 describes an operating principle in which the plug 1 is connected to the socket 2, by executing a control sequence of the magnetic centering means integrated into the casing. The magnetic centering means advantageously comprise several electromagnetic coils, called centering coils 25, housed in the casing of the plate 20, and arranged concentrically, around the socket 2. The control sequence may consist of activating one or more of the centering coils 25, so as to center the plug 1 relative to the socket 2, by acting by magnetic effect on the magnetic architecture AM_1 of the plug 1. Once the plug 1 has been brought close to the axis of the socket 2, the two magnetic architectures AM_1, AM_2, located on the plug 1 side and the socket 2 side, make it possible to finalize the connection between the two elements.

[0053] The second connection unit GU may also comprise second communication means 24 used to exchange data, in particular identification data, with the first connection unit VU. These second communication means 24 may comprise at least one wireless communication interface (for example of the “Bluetooth Low Energy” type).

[0054] The second connection unit GU includes a second control unit UC_2 configured to:

[0055] - Activate the centering coils 25 of the magnetic centering means, to communicate with the first connection unit (see below) and to be able to ensure the magnetic capture of the plug 1 with a view to its physical connection to the socket 2;

[0056] Manage its second means of communication 24, with a view to controlling the exchange of data, via the wireless communication interface, with the first connection unit VU;

[0057] Initiate the connection sequence of plug 1 to socket 2, when the presence of plug 1 is detected near the second connection unit GU; The connection sequence includes the control sequence of the centering coils 25, used to capture plug 1 and center it relative to socket 2;

[0058] The management of its second means of communication 24, with a view to controlling the exchange of data, via the wired communication interface, with the first connection unit VU, once the connection between the plug 1 and the socket 2 is established;

[0059] The operating principle of the system of the invention is described in more detail below, in connection with Figure 3. It should be noted that certain steps described below remain optional or could be implemented differently.

[0060] E1 A: The first control unit UC_1 detects, using its monitoring means (for example coupled to a vehicle speed sensor), the slowing down of the vehicle V and wakes up the first detection means 13 (for example Hall effect sensor) of the first connection unit VU when the speed V_v of the vehicle falls below a certain threshold or for example when the user directly activates the first control unit UC_1 present in his vehicle.

[0061] E2A: Vehicle V is parked in the designated space. This step is optional and could easily occur at another point in the sequence.

[0062] E3A: The first control unit UC_1 commands the transmission of a message (type "broadcast" - BLE "Bluetooth Low Energy") using its wireless communication interface, this message being a request to obtain data to identify each second connection unit GU located nearby, for example a checksum calculated on the address (MAC address) of each second connection unit GU.

[0063] E4B: All second connection units GU present in the environment of the first connection unit VU will receive the message sent.

[0064] E5B: The second control unit UC_2 of each second connection unit GU present in the environment of the first connection unit VU calculates the checksum on its own address. It should be noted that the checksum may have already been previously calculated and stored by the second control unit UC_2.

[0065] E6B: To transmit the message, the second control unit UC_2 of each second connection unit GU activates its centering coils according to a given sequence, in order to encode said checksum. This sequence consists of successively activating / deactivating the centering coils and adapting the activation / deactivation duration of each centering coil. In other words, we act on both the state (active or inactive) of each centering coil and the duration of maintaining this state. The sequence thus comprises a succession of changes of state of each centering coil.

[0066] E7A: The first connection unit VU determines whether its spatial positioning relative to the second connection unit GU is valid, via its first detection means 13.

[0067] E8A: If the spatial positioning of the first VU connection unit relative to the second GU connection unit is validated (OK branch in Figure 3), the first control unit UC_1 analyzes the received checksum. If the spatial positioning is not validated, the user is informed that a vehicle maneuver is necessary until the positioning is validated (NOK branch in Figure 3, and return to step E2A). Validation of the positioning is allowed thanks to the first detection means 13 present on the side of the first connection unit. It should be noted that this test (steps E7A and E8A) could quite easily occur at another time in the sequence, the pairing principle between the two VU, GU connection units being able to be carried out while the spatial positioning is not valid.

[0068] E9A: The first control unit UC_1 verifies the checksum to calculate the issued address.

[0069] Two cases are then possible:

[0070] - At least two addresses match the checksum: Step E10A, then go to step E1 1 A described below.

[0071] Only one address corresponds to this checksum: Go directly to step E11 A described below.

[0072] E10A: The first control unit UC_1 classifies the RSSI (for "Received Signal Strength Indicator") of the communication networks (BLE) generated by each second GU connection unit present. The first control unit UC_1 then asks each second GU connection unit in the previously established RSSI order to generate a special sequence by activating its centering coils 25, which allows it to confirm which second GU connection unit is the closest. Any other discrimination solution would be possible.

[0073] E11 A: The first control unit UC_1 initiates the point-to-point wireless connection between the first VU connection unit and the second selected GU connection unit (when there were several GU connection units available).

[0074] E12A: Once the wireless connection is established, the first VU connection unit and the second GU connection unit can exchange data via this connection. This may be data relating to compatibility (e.g. voltage, connector type) between the first VU connection unit and the second GU connection unit.

[0075] E13A: The connection sequence is triggered by the first control unit UC_1 which sends a message to the second connection unit GU. This message can be sent automatically once both connection units VU, GU are operational to start the connection sequence, or sent by the vehicle driver.

[0076] E14A: During the connection sequence, the first control unit UC_1 commands the release of the plug 1 from its storage box 10, using the extraction means 11 and the release means (motor 120, reel 121 for example).

[0077] E15B: The second control unit UC_2 initiates the connection sequence by activating at least one of its centering coils 25, advantageously the centering coil located furthest to the outside, so as to “capture” the plug 1 by magnetic effect and place it in the field of the second connection unit GU.

[0078] E16B: The centering sequence applied to the centering coils 25 at the second connection unit GU then attracts the plug 1 to the socket 2, before establishing the connection between the two via their respective magnetic architectures.

[0079] E17: The mechanical and electrical connection is established between plug 1 and socket 2. The first connection unit VU and the second connection unit GU are paired, plug 1 and socket 2 are connected: The vehicle load V is controlled by the second control unit UC_2.

[0080] According to a particular aspect of the invention, the coding of the checksum is carried out by carrying out a control sequence of the centering coils 25 of the second connection unit. This control sequence consists of activating at least two of the centering coils 25, one after the other and varying the activation times of each coil. Since each centering coil can be controlled to emit a magnetic field of particular intensity and since it is possible to vary the activation and deactivation times of each magnetic field, the second control unit UC_2 can thus easily generate a code representative of the data of the checksum, this code then being able to be read and decoded by the first control unit UC_1, via its first detection means 13.Advantageously, the second connection unit GU comprises at least three centering coils 25, allowing the second control unit UC_2 to play with these three centering coils 25 for the generation of the code representing the checksum.

[0081] The sequence described above is robust in that it allows for managing different use cases. It ensures pairing between the first VU connection unit associated with a vehicle and the second GU connection unit positioned at the location where said vehicle is parked. It thus makes it possible to discriminate the relevant second GU connection unit from the other connection units placed nearby (for example in adjacent parking spaces). It also makes it possible to manage cases when two vehicles park simultaneously or in a staggered manner in two locations located nearby, by ensuring that the connection unit associated with each of the two vehicles connects to the connection unit that corresponds to its location.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Automatic electrical connection method implemented for wired charging of an electric or rechargeable hybrid vehicle, between a plug (1) connected to an electrical power supply assembly of the electric vehicle, and a socket (2) connected to an electrical power supply network to which the power supply assembly of the electric vehicle must connect to recharge, the plug (1) comprising a first magnetic architecture (AM_1) and the socket (2) comprising a second magnetic architecture (AM_2), the plug (1) and the socket (2) being able to couple mechanically by magnetic effect via their magnetic architectures, the plug (1) being initially housed in a housing of a first connection unit (VU) located on the vehicle side and comprising a first control unit (UC_1) and first wireless communication means,and the socket (2) being carried by a second connection unit (GU) located on the electrical network side and comprising a second control unit (UC_2), second wireless communication means and several electromagnetic coils, said electromagnetic coils being actuable according to a determined sequence to center the plug (1) relative to the socket (2) before their coupling and their electrical connection, said method being characterized in that it comprises:, A pre-authentication phase comprising: o A step of transmission by the first connection unit of a request via its first wireless communication means, o A step of reception of said request by the second connection unit, o A step of activation of the electromagnetic coils of the second connection unit according to a given sequence to transmit a message representative of data configured to identify the second connection unit; o A step of analysis of said data, implemented by the first control unit of the first connection unit; o A step of establishment of a point-to-point wireless link between the first connection unit and the second connection unit when the data received by the first connection unit are verified; A phase of launching an electrical connection sequence, the electrical connection sequence comprising steps executed to attract the plug (1) by magnetic effect towards the socket (2) by activation of the electromagnetic coils of the second connection unit, with a view to connecting the plug (1) to the socket (2).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said data is a checksum calculated on an address of the second connection unit (GU) and in that when the analyzed checksum is not verified, the method consists of restarting the pre-authentication phase.

3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that during the step of verifying the checksum, if the first control unit calculates two distinct addresses, corresponding respectively to that of the second connection unit and to that of another connection unit located nearby, the first control unit executes a step to discriminate the second connection unit from said other connection unit.

4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the connection sequence comprises, at the level of the first connection unit (VU), a step of ejecting the plug from its housing and a step of magnetic capture of the plug by activation of one of said several electromagnetic coils of the second connection unit.

5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises: - A step of validation of the spatial positioning of the first connection unit (VU) with respect to the second connection unit (GU) in order to be able to guarantee a connection between the plug (1) and the socket (2).

6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises a phase of exchanging compatibility data between the first connection unit (VU) and the second connection unit (GU), via the first communication means and the second communication means.

7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises a step of monitoring the speed of the vehicle (V) and a step of activating detection means (13) of the first connection unit (VU), implemented taking into account said monitored speed.

8. Automatic electrical connection system implemented for wired charging of an electric or rechargeable hybrid vehicle, between a plug (1) connected to an electrical power supply assembly of the electric vehicle, and a socket (2) connected to an electrical supply network to which the power supply assembly of the electric vehicle must connect in order to recharge, the plug (1) comprising a first magnetic architecture (AM_1) and the socket (2) comprising a second magnetic architecture (AM_2), the plug (1) and the socket (2) being able to couple mechanically by magnetic effect via their magnetic architectures, the plug (1) being initially housed in a housing of a first connection unit (VU) located on the vehicle side and comprising a first control unit (UC_1) and first wireless communication means, and the socket (2) being carried by a second connection unit (GU) located on the electrical network side and comprising a second control unit (UC_2), second wireless communication means and several electromagnetic coils,said electromagnetic coils being actuable according to a determined sequence to center the plug (1) relative to the socket (2) before their coupling and their electrical connection, said system being characterized in that the first connection unit (VU) and the second connection unit (GU) are configured to implement the connection method as defined in one of the preceding claims, with a view to connecting the plug (1) to the socket (2)., 9. System according to claim 8, characterized in that the first connection unit (VU) comprises means (11) for extracting the plug from its housing (10) and means for releasing the plug (1).

10. System according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the first control unit comprises means for monitoring the speed of the vehicle (V) and means for waking up the first connection unit (VU), activated taking into account said monitored speed.

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