Wind tunnel test system and wind tunnel test method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical fields of wind tunnel test, and relates to a wind tunnel test system and a wind tunnel test method. A wheel cover main body (1000) is a local structure of the full vehicle exterior; at least part of a main body structure of a wheel body support is located in a wheel body cavity of the wheel cover main body (1000); a test tire (2000) is arranged in the wheel body cavity; and a tire driving device is located in the wheel cover main body (1000) or located below a test section platform (3000).

Description

Wind tunnel test system and wind tunnel test method

[0001] Related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application number 202410325519.0, filed on March 21, 2024, entitled “Wind Tunnel Test System and Wind Tunnel Test Method,” the entire text of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the technical field of wind tunnel testing, and in particular to a wind tunnel testing system and a wind tunnel testing method. Background Art

[0004] When the wheels are driving, they rotate and translate, and the incoming air exerts a reaction force on the wheels. The forces that act as resistance are the aerodynamic resistance (wind resistance) and the ventilation torque along the driving direction. Since it is difficult to directly measure the ventilation torque, the traction or power of the wheel drive unit is usually measured to equivalently characterize the size of the ventilation torque. Previous studies have shown that the wind resistance of the wheels and wheel cavity of a passenger car accounts for 25%-30% of the wind resistance of the entire vehicle, and the rotating wheels have a great influence on the flow characteristics of the vehicle chassis and wake. Wheel aerodynamic test research needs to simulate the rotational motion, ground contact and even loading state of the tire as much as possible. In addition, it is necessary to simulate the wheel cavity and chassis structure of the vehicle as much as possible to provide a flow field environment around the tire that is close to that of the actual vehicle.

[0005] Automotive wind tunnel tests typically test complete vehicles or vehicle models, primarily focusing on measuring the overall aerodynamic forces and aerodynamic moments of the vehicle. To simulate wheel rotation, four wheel drive units are typically used in automotive wind tunnel experiments. Alternatively, a wide moving belt can be used to directly drive the wheel rotation. If the wheel drive units and the vehicle support frame are placed on a single dynamometer, it is impossible to measure wheel windage and ventilation resistance. If the wheels are mounted on the vehicle suspension, with each wheel drive unit connected to a separate dynamometer, it is possible to measure wheel ventilation resistance but not wheel windage. To measure wheel windage, the wheels must be separated from the vehicle suspension and driveshaft, secured to a wheel support structure, and connected to a separate dynamometer. Depending on the testing equipment available in the automotive wind tunnel laboratory, some laboratories may not be able to measure both wheel windage and ventilation moments, lacking the testing capabilities to comprehensively evaluate wheel aerodynamic performance.

[0006] With the rapid growth of electric vehicle sales, optimizing vehicle drag is becoming increasingly important. Research shows that the proportion of aerodynamic drag in electric vehicles (EVs) to vehicle energy loss has increased significantly from 13% to 59% compared to fuel-powered vehicles. Therefore, optimizing wheel aerodynamic performance is becoming increasingly important. Due to the high cost and long preparation time of full-vehicle wind tunnel testing, traditional tire manufacturers generally lack the ability to conduct independent tire aerodynamic performance testing.

[0007] Therefore, in response to the needs of wind tunnel testing of tires and wheels, providing a wind tunnel testing platform dedicated to tires and wheels that can simulate the wheel motion state at a low cost and better, and simulate the impact of vehicle structures such as the wheel cavity and chassis on the wheels has become a technical problem that technical personnel in this field urgently need to solve.

[0008] Summary of the Invention

[0009] According to various embodiments of the present application, the present application provides a wind tunnel test system and a wind tunnel test method.

[0010] The present application provides a wind tunnel test system, comprising:

[0011] A wheel cover stand and a wheel cover body, wherein the wheel cover body is provided with a wheel body cavity and is a partial structure of the entire vehicle appearance, and the wheel cover body is arranged on the wheel cover stand;

[0012] a wheel support, wherein at least a portion of the main structure of the wheel support is located in the wheel cavity of the wheel cover body;

[0013] A test section platform and a tire driving device, wherein the tire driving device is located inside the wheel cover body or below the test section platform;

[0014] a test tire, the test tire being disposed in the wheel body cavity;

[0015] The wheel cover body has a longitudinal symmetry plane, and the half of the wheel cover body cut by the longitudinal symmetry plane is a half-car shape, and the wheel cover body is a local structure of the half-car shape; the wheel cover body has a model top surface, a model chassis surface, a model rear end surface, a model symmetry plane and a car shape simulation surface connecting the model top surface, the model chassis surface, the model rear end surface and the model symmetry plane, and the model symmetry plane coincides with the longitudinal symmetry plane; the model top surface, the model chassis surface, the model rear end surface, the model symmetry plane and the car shape simulation surface constitute the entire model outer surface of the wheel cover body; wherein: the wheel body cavity is opened at the connection position between the model chassis surface and the car shape simulation surface; the wheel body cavity is provided with a wheel eyebrow trim; the car shape simulation surface is provided with a wheel body windshield component, and the wheel body windshield component is located in front of the wheel body cavity; the model rear end surface is provided with a tail end guide component;

[0016] The minimum distance L1 between the wheel body cavity and the tail end face of the model is greater than or equal to the diameter of the test tire; the length L2 of the tail end guide component is greater than or equal to the length L of the wheel cover body; the tail end guide component is in the shape of a quadrangular pyramid, and the inclination θ of the side surface of the quadrangular pyramid satisfies 5°≤θ≤15°.

[0017] In one embodiment, the wind tunnel test system includes:

[0018] A displacement device, the displacement device is arranged on the test section platform, and the wheel cover stand is arranged on the displacement device and is used to move horizontally relative to the test section platform via the displacement device;

[0019] An internal support frame is arranged inside the wheel cover body, and the internal support frame is detachably connected to the wheel cover stand at different height positions, and is used to adjust the height of the wheel cover body relative to the test section platform.

[0020] In one embodiment, the wheel support is a wheel stand, which includes a wheel fixed frame and a wheel movable frame, and the wheel movable frame is detachably connected to the wheel fixed frame at different heights;

[0021] The tire driving device is a driving motor, which is arranged on the wheel movable frame, and the height of the driving motor on the wheel fixed frame is adjusted by the wheel movable frame. The driving motor is used to connect to the test tire;

[0022] The first tire fixing frame includes a first base frame body and a first fixing fixture. The first base frame body has a guide channel. The first base frame body is used to support the test tire. The first fixing fixture is used to fix the test tire.

[0023] In one embodiment, the first base frame includes a first supporting base plate and a first curved supporting plate, two symmetrical supporting vertical plates are arranged on both sides of the first supporting base plate, and the two sides of the first curved supporting plate are connected to the two supporting vertical plates, so that the guide channel is formed between the first curved supporting plate and the first supporting base plate, and a guide window is provided on the supporting vertical plate, and the first fixing fixture includes at least two first fixing rings, and the first fixing ring is fixedly sleeved on the first curved supporting plate along the guide window.

[0024] In one embodiment, the wind tunnel test system includes:

[0025] a first force measuring device, the wheel body stand being connected to the first force measuring device, and the first force measuring device being arranged below the test section platform;

[0026] A six-component force sensor is provided on the test tire, and the six-component force sensor is connected to the drive motor and the test rim.

[0027] In one embodiment, the wind tunnel test system includes:

[0028] a second force measuring device, the second force measuring device being arranged below the test section platform, the second force measuring device comprising a first force measuring balance and a second force measuring balance, the second force measuring balance being arranged above the first force measuring balance;

[0029] The wheel support is a wheel bracket, the wheel bracket is connected to the first force measuring balance, the wheel bracket is provided with a wheel shaft, the test tire is rotatably mounted on the wheel shaft, and the bracket portion of the wheel bracket exposed to the test tire has an airfoil-shaped flow-guiding surface;

[0030] The tire driving device is a moving belt, the moving belt is connected to the second force measuring balance, the moving belt includes a driving wheel and a driving belt wrapped around the driving wheel, and the driving belt is in driving contact with the test tire;

[0031] The second tire fixing frame includes a second base frame and a second fixing fixture. The second base frame is used to support the test tire, and the second fixing fixture is used to fix the test tire.

[0032] In one embodiment, the second base frame includes a second supporting base plate and a second arc-shaped supporting plate, one end of the second arc-shaped supporting plate is fixedly connected to the second supporting base plate, and the second fixing clamp is a second fixing ring, which is fixedly sleeved on the second arc-shaped supporting plate.

[0033] In one embodiment, the wind tunnel test system includes:

[0034] A lifting device is provided on the second force measuring balance, and the tire driving device is connected to the second force measuring balance via the lifting device.

[0035] The present application provides a wind tunnel test method based on the wind tunnel test system, the wind tunnel test method comprising the following steps:

[0036] Blowing air in the wind tunnel and using the drive motor to drive the test tire to rotate so that the wind speed is consistent with the linear speed of the tire surface of the test tire, and measuring current first aerodynamic force data;

[0037] The test tire is disconnected from the drive motor, and the test tire is fixed by the first tire fixing frame to measure the current second aerodynamic force data;

[0038] The tire aerodynamic data of the test tire is obtained by subtracting the second aerodynamic data from the first aerodynamic data.

[0039] In one embodiment, the wind tunnel test method comprises the following steps:

[0040] During the measurement of the first aerodynamic force data, a first gap exists between the test tire and the test section platform, and the first gap is maintained to be less than or equal to a boundary layer displacement thickness.

[0041] The present application provides a wind tunnel test method based on the wind tunnel test system, the wind tunnel test method comprising the following steps:

[0042] The wind tunnel blows air, and the drive motor is used to drive the test tire to rotate so that the wind speed is consistent with the tire surface linear velocity of the test tire, a second gap is maintained between the test tire and the test section platform, and the second gap is maintained to be less than or equal to the boundary layer displacement thickness, and the six-component force sensor is used to measure tire aerodynamic data of the test tire and the ventilation torque of the test tire.

[0043] The present application provides a wind tunnel test method based on the wind tunnel test system, the wind tunnel test method comprising the following steps:

[0044] The wind tunnel is stationary, and the test tire is driven to rotate by the moving belt, and the side surface of the test tire is closed to be a flat surface, and the first force data is measured by the second force balance;

[0045] Restoring the sealing of the side of the test tire, blowing air in the wind tunnel, measuring second force data using the first force balance, and measuring third force data using the second force balance;

[0046] The test tire is disconnected from the wheel support, and the test tire is fixed by the second tire fixing frame, the wind tunnel is blown at a constant wind speed, and the fourth force data is measured by the first force balance;

[0047] subtracting the first force data from the third force data to obtain a ventilation torque of the test tire;

[0048] The tire aerodynamic data of the test tire is obtained by subtracting the fourth force data from the second force data.

[0049] The present application provides a wind tunnel test method based on the wind tunnel test system, the wind tunnel test method comprising the following steps:

[0050] Adjusting the height of the wheel support on the test section platform so that the bottom of the test tire is flush with the test section platform, adjusting the height of the lifting device, applying a preset load force to the bottom of the test tire using the tire drive device, and measuring the current sinking amount h of the test tire;

[0051] Lower the wheel support relative to the test section platform by a height h, adjust the height of the lifting device, and use the tire drive device to apply the same preset load force to the bottom of the test tire so that the bottom of the test tire is flush with the test section platform;

[0052] The wind tunnel is stationary, and the test tire is driven to rotate by the tire driving device, and the side surface of the test tire is closed to be a flat surface, and the fifth force data is measured by the second force balance;

[0053] Restoring the sealing of the side of the test tire, blowing air in the wind tunnel, measuring the sixth force data using the first force balance, and measuring the seventh force data using the second force balance;

[0054] The test tire is disconnected from the wheel support, and the test tire is fixed by the second tire fixing frame, the wind tunnel is blown at the same wind speed, and the eighth force data is measured by the first force balance;

[0055] subtracting the fifth force data from the seventh force data to obtain a ventilation torque of the test tire;

[0056] The tire aerodynamic data of the test tire is obtained by subtracting the eighth force data from the sixth force data.

[0057] The details of one or more embodiments of the present application are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below, and other features, objects, and advantages of the present application will be apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0058] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the conventional technology, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the conventional technology descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the disclosed drawings without any creative work.

[0059] FIG1 is a three-dimensional view of a wheel cover body provided in some embodiments of the present application.

[0060] FIG2 is a front view of a wheel cover body provided in some embodiments of the present application.

[0061] FIG3 is a top view of the wheel cover body provided in some embodiments of the present application.

[0062] FIG4 is a bottom view of the wheel cover body provided in some embodiments of the present application.

[0063] FIG5 is a left side view of the wheel cover body provided in some embodiments of the present application.

[0064] FIG6 is a right side view of the wheel cover body provided in some embodiments of the present application.

[0065] FIG7 is a stereoscopic view of a wheel cover body provided in some other embodiments of the present application.

[0066] FIG8 is a front view of the wheel cover body provided in other embodiments of the present application.

[0067] FIG9 is an assembly stereogram of the wheel cover body, the test tire, and the test section platform provided in some embodiments of the present application.

[0068] FIG10 is an assembly stereogram of the wheel cover body, the test tire and the test section platform shown in FIG9 from another perspective.

[0069] FIG. 11 is a front view of the assembled perspective view shown in FIG. 9 .

[0070] FIG. 12 is a top view of the assembled perspective view shown in FIG. 9 .

[0071] FIG. 13 is a bottom view of the assembled perspective view shown in FIG. 9 .

[0072] FIG14 is a left side view of the assembled perspective view shown in FIG9 .

[0073] FIG15 is a right side view of the assembled perspective view shown in FIG9 .

[0074] FIG16 is a perspective view of the assembly of a test tire and a wheel stand provided in some embodiments of the present application.

[0075] FIG. 17 is a front view of the assembled perspective view shown in FIG. 16 .

[0076] FIG. 18 is a top view of the assembled perspective view shown in FIG. 16 .

[0077] FIG. 19 is a bottom view of the assembled perspective view shown in FIG. 16 .

[0078] FIG20 is a left side view of the assembled perspective view shown in FIG16.

[0079] FIG21 is a right side view of the assembled stereogram shown in FIG16 .

[0080] FIG22 is a perspective view of the assembly of a test rim, a six-component force sensor, a test tire, and a wheel stand according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0081] FIG. 23 is a front view of the assembled stereogram shown in FIG. 22 .

[0082] FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled perspective view shown in FIG. 23 .

[0083] Figure 25 is a stereoscopic assembly diagram of the drive motor and wheel stand provided in some embodiments of the present application.

[0084] FIG. 26 is an exploded view of the assembled perspective view shown in FIG. 25 .

[0085] FIG. 27 is a front view of the assembled stereogram shown in FIG. 25 .

[0086] FIG. 28 is a top view of the assembled perspective view shown in FIG. 25 .

[0087] FIG. 29 is a bottom view of the assembled stereogram shown in FIG. 25 .

[0088] FIG30 is a left side view of the assembled stereogram shown in FIG25.

[0089] FIG31 is a right side view of the assembled stereogram shown in FIG25.

[0090] FIG32 is an assembly stereogram of a test tire provided by some embodiments of the present application, fixed on a test section platform via a first tire fixing frame.

[0091] FIG33 is a front view of a test tire provided by some embodiments of the present application fixed on a test section platform via a first tire fixing frame.

[0092] FIG. 34 is a perspective view of a first tire fixing bracket provided in some embodiments of the present application.

[0093] FIG35 is a front view of the first tire mounting bracket shown in FIG34 .

[0094] FIG. 36 is a top view of the first tire mounting bracket shown in FIG. 34 .

[0095] FIG37 is a cross-sectional view of the first tire mounting bracket shown in FIG34.

[0096] FIG38 is an overall assembly diagram of a tire drive device added to a test section platform according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0097] FIG39 is an overall assembly diagram from another perspective of adding a tire drive device to the test section platform according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0098] FIG40 is a front view of the overall assembly diagram shown in FIG39.

[0099] FIG41 is a top view of the overall assembly diagram shown in FIG39.

[0100] FIG42 is a bottom view of the overall assembly diagram shown in FIG39.

[0101] FIG43 is a left side view of the overall assembly diagram shown in FIG39.

[0102] FIG44 is a right side view of the overall assembly diagram shown in FIG39.

[0103] FIG45 is a schematic diagram of the combination of a tire drive device and a test tire provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0104] FIG46 is a schematic diagram of the combination of the tire drive device and the test tire provided by some embodiments of the present application from another perspective;

[0105] FIG47 is a front view of the matching schematic diagram shown in FIG45 .

[0106] FIG48 is a rear view of the matching diagram shown in FIG45 .

[0107] FIG49 is a top view of the matching schematic diagram shown in FIG45 .

[0108] FIG50 is a cross-sectional view of the matching schematic diagram shown in FIG49.

[0109] FIG51 is a left view of the matching schematic diagram shown in FIG45 .

[0110] FIG52 is a right side view of the matching schematic diagram shown in FIG45 .

[0111] FIG53 is a schematic diagram of assembling a test tire on a test section platform using a second tire fixing frame according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0112] Figure 54 is a partial schematic diagram of the assembly schematic diagram shown in Figure 53.

[0113] FIG55 is a schematic structural diagram of a second tire fixing frame provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0114] FIG56 is an overall assembly diagram of a tire drive device and a lifting device added to a test section platform according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0115] FIG57 is a front view of the overall assembly diagram shown in FIG56;

[0116] FIG58 is a schematic diagram of the combination of a tire driving device, a lifting device, and a test tire provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0117] FIG59 is a schematic diagram illustrating the arrangement of the tire drive device, the lifting device, and the test tire from another perspective according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0118] FIG60 is a front view of the matching schematic diagram shown in FIG58.

[0119] FIG61 is a top view of the matching schematic diagram shown in FIG58.

[0120] FIG62 is a left view of the matching schematic diagram shown in FIG58.

[0121] FIG63 is a right view of the matching schematic diagram shown in FIG58.

[0122] 1000, wheel cover body; 2000, test tire; 3000, test section platform; 4000, drive motor; 5000, moving belt; 6000, lifting device; 7000, first force measuring device; 8000, six-component force sensor; 9000, second force measuring device;

[0123] 1100, wheel housing stand;

[0124] 1000a, wheel cavity; 1000b, model top surface; 1000c, model chassis surface; 1000d, model tail end surface; 1000e, model symmetry surface; 1000f, vehicle shape simulation surface; 1000g, wheel arch trim; 1000h, wheel windshield component; 1000i, tail end deflector component;

[0125] 2100, wheel stand; 2200, wheel support; 2300, first tire fixing frame; 2400, second tire fixing frame; 2500, test rim;

[0126] 2100a, wheel body fixed frame; 2100b, wheel body movable frame;

[0127] 2210, wheel shaft;

[0128] 2310, first chassis; 2320, first fixing fixture; 2310a, first supporting base plate; 2310b, first arc-shaped supporting plate; 2310c, supporting vertical plate; 2310d, guide window;

[0129] 2410, second chassis; 2420, second fixing fixture; 2410a, second supporting base plate; 2410b, second arc-shaped supporting plate;

[0130] 3100, displacement device;

[0131] 9100, first force measuring balance; 9200, second force measuring balance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0132] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0133] In order to reduce the cost and cycle of testing, referring to Figures 1 to 8, an embodiment of the present application provides a wind tunnel test system, which includes a wheel cover stand 1100, a wheel cover body 1000, a test tire 2000, a test section platform 3000, a wheel body support, and a tire drive device. The wheel cover body 1000 is provided with a wheel body cavity. The wheel cover body 1000 is a partial structure of the vehicle's appearance. The wheel cover body 1000 is arranged on the wheel cover stand 1100. At least a portion of the main structure of the wheel body support is located in the wheel body cavity of the wheel cover body 1000. The tire drive device is located inside the wheel cover body 1000 or below the test section platform 3000. The test tire 2000 is arranged in the wheel body cavity.

[0134] Wheel cover body 1000 is a partial structure of the overall vehicle exterior. The overall vehicle exterior here refers to the complete exterior structure of a typical vehicle. Using wheel cover body 1000 as a partial structure of the overall vehicle exterior reduces the cost of the overall vehicle model. The partial structure closely related to tire wind tunnel testing is separated from the overall vehicle structure, resulting in a partial structure as shown in Figures 1 through 8 . This partial structure is then used in conjunction with a tire for testing. Furthermore, the tire drive device can be located within wheel cover body 1000 or beneath the test section platform 3000.

[0135] It should be noted that the partial structure of the entire vehicle's exterior adopted by the wheel cover body 1000 can be separated from the entire vehicle structure in an appropriate area or size according to actual needs. For example, when the entire vehicle's exterior has a longitudinal symmetry plane, so that the entire vehicle's exterior can be bilaterally symmetrical based on the longitudinal symmetry plane, the half of the entire vehicle's exterior cut along the longitudinal symmetry plane can be called a half-vehicle exterior. In this case, the wheel cover body 1000 can be adopted as a half-vehicle exterior, or the overall volume of the model can be further reduced so that the wheel cover body 1000 can also adopt a partial structure of the half-vehicle exterior, such as the actual structure shown in Figures 1 to 6, or a structure with an additional tail-end deflector 1000i as shown in Figures 7 or 8.

[0136] Regarding the design of the wheel cover body 1000, those skilled in the art can appropriately adjust the structure and shape of the wheel cover body 1000 on the premise of reducing costs and meeting experimental requirements, and no limitation is made here.

[0137] Continuing with Figures 1 to 6 , the wheel cover body 1000 in the wind tunnel test system is mounted on a wheel cover stand 1100. At least a portion of the main structure of the wheel cover stand 1100 is located within the wheel cover body 1000. The wheel cover body 1000 defines a wheel cavity 1000a, within which a test tire 2000 is positioned. The wheel cover body 1000 can be machined from a rigid foam material, resulting in both lightness and rigidity.

[0138] The constructed wind tunnel test system can be used for testing and studying the aerodynamic performance of front wheels. The wheel cover body 1000 primarily simulates the wheel cavity 1000a, chassis, and other structures surrounding the vehicle's front wheel, providing a flow field environment for the test tire 2000 that closely resembles a real vehicle. In one embodiment, to reduce manufacturing costs, the wheel cover body 1000 can be constructed from a semi-vehicle-shaped structure without the rear structure away from the wheel cavity 1000a. Referring to Figures 1 to 6 , the wheel cover body 1000 comprises a model top surface 1000b, a model chassis surface 1000c, a model rear end surface 1000d, a model symmetry plane 1000e, and a vehicle-shaped simulated surface 1000f connecting the model top surface 1000b, the model chassis surface 1000c, the model rear end surface 1000d, and the model symmetry plane 1000e. The model symmetry plane 1000e coincides with the longitudinal symmetry plane. The model top surface 1000b, the model base surface 1000c, the model tail end surface 1000d, the model symmetry plane 1000e, and the vehicle-shaped simulated surface 1000f constitute the entire model exterior surface of the wheel cover body 1000. A wheel cavity 1000a is located at the junction of the model base surface 1000c and the vehicle-shaped simulated surface 1000f. The wheel cavity 1000a is provided with a wheel eyebrow trim 1000g. The vehicle-shaped simulated surface 1000f is provided with a wheel windshield 1000h, located in front of the wheel cavity 1000a. The model tail end surface 1000d is provided with a tail end air guide 1000i.

[0139] The vehicle superstructure, which has a minimal impact on the wheel flow field, is simplified to a flat top surface 1000b. The vehicle body structure behind the front wheels is simplified and removed to form the model tail end surface 1000d of the wheel cover body 1000. Because the simplified tail of the wheel cover body 1000 has a square-back structure, flow separation and shedding vortices are likely to occur at the tail end of the wheel cover body 1000. To prevent the flow at the tail end of the wheel cover body 1000 from significantly affecting the flow field around the test tire 2000, the minimum distance L1 between the wheel cavity 1000a and the model tail end surface 1000d is greater than or equal to the diameter of the test tire 2000. Alternatively, a tail end flow guide 1000i can be added to the tail end of the wheel cover body 1000. The tail end flow guide 1000i is in the shape of a square pyramid, with the inclination θ of the side surface satisfying 5°≤θ≤15°. The length L2 of the tail end flow guide 1000i is greater than or equal to the length L of the wheel cover body 1000.

[0140] The tail-end deflector 1000i is fixed to the rear of the wheel cover body 1000. To facilitate testing, the tail-end deflector 1000i is a detachable structure. The tail-end deflector 1000i creates a smooth transition in the rear profile of the wheel cover body 1000, significantly improving flow separation at the rear of the wheel cover body 1000. For vehicles with a wheel windshield 1000h, since this structure surrounds or is associated with the wheel cavity 1000a, the wheel windshield 1000h should be installed at the same location on the wheel cover body 1000. Similarly, other structural features of the wheel cavity 1000a not described in this embodiment should also be reflected in the structural features of the wheel cover body 1000. The wheel cover body 1000 should not be identical for passenger cars and commercial vehicles. This embodiment mainly describes the wheel cover body 1000 for passenger cars. Those skilled in the art can design and adjust the structure of the wheel cover body 1000 according to the above-mentioned simplification principles based on actual conditions.

[0141] Continuing with Figures 9 to 15 , in one embodiment, a wind tunnel test system includes a test section platform 3000, a displacement device 3100, an internal support frame, a wheel stand 2100, a drive motor 4000, and a first tire mounting bracket 2300. The drive motor 4000 constitutes the tire drive device, and the wheel stand 2100 constitutes the wheel support. The displacement device 3100 is disposed on the test section platform 3000, and the wheel cover stand 1100 is disposed on the displacement device 3100 and is configured to be horizontally moved relative to the test section platform 3000 by the displacement device 3100. The internal support frame is disposed within the wheel cover body 1000 and is detachably connected to the wheel cover stand 1100 at different heights to adjust the height of the wheel cover body 1000 relative to the test section platform 3000. The internal support frame disposed within the wheel cover body 1000 facilitates installation. The inner support frame is connected to the wheel cover stand 1100, and the wheel cover stand 1100 is connected to the displacement device 3100 fixed on the test section platform 3000. The displacement device 3100 can be one or more slide rails, so that the wheel cover stand 1100 can carry the wheel cover body 1000 to move horizontally in the y-axis direction relative to the test section platform 3000.

[0142] The wheel cover stand 1100 can be constructed from a number of metal profiles and angle brackets to form a cantilever beam structure. The z-axis direction can be adjusted by fixing the angle brackets of the wheel cover stand 1100. The wheel cover body 1000 has the ability to adjust the y and z-direction positions to a certain extent, and can adapt to test tires 2000 of different models and specifications. The wheel cover stand 1100 of the wheel cover body 1000 is fixed to the test section platform 3000. A first force measuring device 7000 is provided below the test section platform 3000. The first force measuring device 7000 can be a six-component force measuring balance, and the wheel body stand 2100 can be used to connect to the first force measuring device 7000.

[0143] At least a portion of the main structure of the wheel stand 2100 is located within the wheel chamber 1000a of the wheel housing body 1000. The wheel chamber 1000a can block most of the airflow in front of the wheel stand 2100, reducing the impact of the wheel stand 2100 on tire aerodynamic measurement. Referring to Figures 16 to 21, the wheel stand 2100 includes a fixed wheel frame 2100a and a movable wheel frame 2100b. Referring to Figures 22 to 24, a test rim 2500 is mounted on the test tire 2000. A six-component force sensor 8000 can be positioned between the drive motor 4000 and the test rim 2500, connecting the six-component force sensor 8000 to the drive motor 4000 and the test rim 2500.

[0144] As shown in Figures 25 to 31 , the drive motor 4000 is mounted on the movable wheel frame 2100b and is used to connect to the test tire 2000. The movable wheel frame 2100b is detachably connected to the fixed wheel frame 2100a at different heights. By adjusting the height of the movable wheel frame 2100b on the fixed wheel frame 2100a, the height of the drive motor 4000 and the test tire 2000 on the test section platform 3000 can be adjusted. This allows for adjustable height of the test tire 2000 along the z-axis, accommodating testing of test tires 2000 of varying diameters. The wheel frame 2100 is constructed from a plurality of metal profiles and angle brackets, forming a frame-like structure. Once the movable wheel frame 2100b is positioned at a desired height, it can be secured to the fixed wheel frame 2100a using the angle brackets. The bottom of the wheel stand 2100 can also be fixedly connected to the first force measuring device 7000 via an angle bracket.

[0145] 32 to 37 , the first tire fixing frame 2300 includes a first base frame 2310 and a first fixing fixture 2320 . The first base frame 2310 has a guide channel and is used to support the test tire 2000 . The first fixing fixture 2320 is used to fix the test tire 2000 . The first base frame 2310 may include a first support base plate 2310a and a first curved support plate 2310b. Two symmetrical support vertical plates 2310c are arranged on both sides of the first support base plate 2310a. The two sides of the first curved support plate 2310b are connected to the two support vertical plates 2310c, so that a guide channel is formed between the first curved support plate 2310b and the first support base plate 2310a. A guide window 2310d is opened on the support vertical plate 2310c. The first fixing fixture 2320 includes at least two first fixing rings, and the first fixing rings are fixedly sleeved on the first curved support plate 2310b along the guide window 2310d.

[0146] Before conducting the test experiment, the relative positions of the wheel cover body 1000 and the test tire 2000 need to be adjusted so that the test state of the wheel cover body 1000 is substantially consistent with the actual vehicle state. The wind tunnel test method may include the following steps: installing the test tire 2000 on the drive motor 4000, adjusting the height of the wheel movable frame 2100b, and minimizing the gap between the test tire 2000 and the test section platform 3000. The wind tunnel blows air, and the drive motor 4000 drives the test tire 2000 to rotate so that the wind speed and the linear velocity of the test tire 2000 are consistent. The first force measuring device 7000 can measure the current first aerodynamic force data. The aerodynamic force measured by the first force measuring device 7000 in this state includes the aerodynamic forces of the test tire 2000, the wheel frame 2100, and the drive motor 4000. The data collection time of the first force measuring device 7000 should be no less than 60 seconds, and the test result can be the average of the 60-second measurement results. The above test steps are collectively referred to as the first test.

[0147] After the first test is completed, a second test can be conducted to correct the first aerodynamic force data. During this second test, the test tire 2000 can be disconnected from the drive motor 4000, but maintained in a state of just-out-of-contact. The test tire 2000 can then be secured using the first tire mount 2300, and the wind tunnel can be used to measure the current second aerodynamic force data. The first tire mount 2300 is disconnected from the first force measuring device 7000. The aerodynamic force measured by the first force measuring device 7000 in this state includes the aerodynamic forces of the wheel rig 2100 and the drive motor 4000.

[0148] The flow field environment during the first and second tests remained essentially consistent, preventing significant changes in the flow field after test tire 2000 was removed. First tire mount 2300 includes a flow channel and flow window 2310d, minimizing interference with the flow field around test tire 2000. This allows airflow around the bottom of test tire 2000 to maintain consistency with the first test. Alternatively, the second aerodynamic force data can be measured after test tire 2000 is removed. The first and second tests minimize the influence of wheel stand 2100 and drive motor 4000, allowing for the determination of the aerodynamic force of test tire 2000. The tire aerodynamic force data for test tire 2000 is obtained by subtracting the second aerodynamic force data from the first aerodynamic force data.

[0149] During the measurement of the first aerodynamic force data, a first gap exists between the test tire 2000 and the test section platform 3000. It is recommended that this first gap be kept less than or equal to the boundary layer displacement thickness. Because the test tire 2000 cannot rotate with the ground without a rotating drum or moving belt to drive the tire, the test tire 2000 must be suspended in mid-air, with a first gap between the test tire 2000 and the test section platform 3000. To minimize the impact of this first gap on the airflow beneath the test tire 2000, the first gap should be less than or equal to the boundary layer displacement thickness, ensuring that the airflow velocity in the first gap beneath the test tire 2000 is significantly lower than the mainstream airflow velocity. The wind resistance of the test tire 2000 while suspended and rotating should be lower than when rotating while grounded.

[0150] In addition to the aforementioned testing using the first force measuring device 7000, a six-component force sensor 8000 may also be used for testing. In this case, the wind tunnel test method may include the following steps: blowing air into the wind tunnel, and using a drive motor 4000 to rotate the test tire 2000 so that the wind speed and the linear velocity of the tire surface of the test tire 2000 are consistent. A second gap is maintained between the test tire 2000 and the test section platform 3000, and the second gap is maintained less than or equal to the boundary layer displacement thickness. Using the six-component force sensor 8000, aerodynamic data and ventilation torque of the test tire 2000 are measured.

[0151] The test tire 2000 is mounted on a dedicated test rim 2500. A six-component force sensor 8000 is fixedly connected to the test rim 2500 and the drive motor 4000, respectively. At this point, the six-component force sensor 8000 can simultaneously measure the aerodynamic force (including wind resistance) and ventilation torque acting on the test tire 2000. The measurement results do not include the influence of the wheel stand 2100 and the drive motor 4000, and no correction is required. Because the test tire 2000 lacks a rotating drum or moving belt, it cannot rotate on the ground. Therefore, the test tire 2000 must be suspended. A second gap exists between the test tire 2000 and the test section platform 3000, and this second gap can be minimized. To minimize the impact of this second gap on the airflow below the test tire 2000, the second gap should be less than or equal to the boundary layer displacement thickness, so that the airflow velocity in the second gap below the test tire 2000 is significantly lower than the mainstream airflow velocity. The wind resistance of the test tire 2000 when suspended and rotating should be lower than when rotating on the ground.

[0152] Continuing with Figures 38 to 55 , the wind tunnel test system may further include a second force-measuring device 9000, a wheel support 2200, a moving belt 5000, and a second tire mounting frame 2400. The moving belt 5000 constitutes the tire drive mechanism. The second force-measuring device 9000 is positioned below the test section platform 3000 and includes a first force-measuring balance 9100 and a second force-measuring balance 9200, with the second force-measuring balance 9200 positioned above the first force-measuring balance 9100. The wheel support 2200 is connected to the first force-measuring balance 9100 and is provided with a wheel shaft 2210. The test tire 2000 is rotatably mounted on the wheel shaft 2210. The wheel shaft 2210 is equipped with a low-friction bearing to minimize frictional torque. The wheel support 2200's support portion inside the test rim 2500 can be cylindrical, while the portion exposed to the test tire 2000 can be wing-shaped, providing airflow diversion and drag reduction. This wing-shaped structure minimizes interference with tire and wheel aerodynamic measurements. The moving belt 5000 is connected to the second dynamometer 9200 and includes a drive wheel and a drive belt wrapped around the drive wheel. The drive belt is in driving contact with the test tire 2000. The height of the wheel support 2200 is adjustable within a certain range to ensure that the test tire 2000 precisely contacts the drive belt of the moving belt 5000, ensuring that the moving belt 5000 and the test tire 2000 rotate at the same linear velocity and without slippage. Furthermore, the wheel support 2200's height can be adjusted within a certain range to accommodate testing of test tires 2000 of varying specifications and models.

[0153] 53 to 55 , the second tire mounting frame 2400 includes a second base frame 2410 and a second fixing fixture 2420. The second base frame 2410 is used to support the test tire 2000, and the second fixing fixture 2420 is used to fix the test tire 2000. The second base frame 2410 includes two opposing support bodies, each comprising a second support base plate 2410a and a second curved support plate 2410b. One end of the second curved support plate 2410b is fixedly connected to the second support base plate 2410a. The second fixing fixture 2420 is implemented as a second fixing collar, which is fixedly mounted on the second curved support plate 2410b.

[0154] At this time, the wind tunnel test method may include the following steps: the test tire 2000 is mounted on the wheel support 2200, and the height of the wheel support 2200 is adjusted so that the drive belt of the moving belt 5000 can just drive the test tire 2000 to rotate. The wind tunnel is stationary, and the test tire 2000 is driven to rotate by the moving belt 5000, and the side of the test tire 2000 is closed to form a flat surface, and the first force data is measured by the second force balance 9200; the side of the test tire 2000 is restored to be closed, the wind tunnel is blown, and the second force data is measured by the first force balance 9100, and the third force data is measured by the second force balance 9200; the test tire 2000 is disconnected from the wheel body support 2200, and the test tire 2000 is fixed by the second tire fixing frame 2400 so that the test tire 2000 is as close to the wheel body support 2200 as possible. The wind tunnel maintains the same wind speed, and the fourth force data is measured by the first force balance 9100; the ventilation torque of the test tire 2000 is obtained by subtracting the fourth force data from the second force data; the aerodynamic data of the test tire 2000 is obtained.

[0155] Taking the 80 km / h operating speed as an example, test tire 2000 can be installed and the height of wheel support 2200 adjusted so that the drive belt of moving belt 5000 can just drive the rotation of test tire 2000. The linear velocity of the tread of test tire 2000 and the translational velocity of the drive belt of moving belt 5000 are always the same, and there should be no slip between test tire 2000 and the drive belt of moving belt 5000. The wind tunnel is kept stationary, and the sides of test tire 2000 are sealed to form a flat surface to minimize interference with the ventilation of test tire 2000.

[0156] The drive belt of moving belt 5000 drives test tire 2000 at a speed of 80 km / h to warm the tire, allowing the main structure and material properties of test tire 2000 to reach a stable state. For passenger car tires, the warm-up time is no less than 30 minutes. For other tire models, refer to the national standard GB / T 29040-2012. After the warm-up step is completed, the second force balance 9200 begins to measure and collect force. The first force data measured by the second force balance 9200 at this time includes the smaller tire rolling resistance and bearing friction resistance. The data collection period of the second force balance 9200 is no less than 60 seconds, and the test result is the average of the 60-second measurement results.

[0157] The closure of the test tire side is restored so that the test tire side remains in its initial ventilation state. The wind tunnel blows at a wind speed of 80 km / h. At this time, the second force data measured by the first force balance 9100 includes the aerodynamic force exerted on the test tire 2000 and the wheel support 2200. The third force data measured by the second force balance 9200 includes the equivalent resistance of the ventilation torque exerted on the test tire 2000 at the tread (called ventilation resistance), as well as the rolling resistance and bearing friction resistance of the test tire 2000. The data collection time of the first force balance 9100 and the second force balance 9200 is no less than 60 seconds, and the test result can be taken as the average of the 60-second measurement results.

[0158] Then, the test tire 2000 can be separated from the wheel support 2200, but kept in a state where they just do not make contact. The test tire 2000 is fixed to the test section platform 3000 using the second tire fixing frame 2400. The fourth force data measured by the first force measuring balance 9100 is the aerodynamic force of the wheel support 2200 in this state. The data collection time is no less than 60 seconds, and the test result can be taken as the average of the 60-second measurement results. The flow field environment of the two tests remains basically consistent, which can avoid significant changes in the flow field after the test tire 2000 is removed. In addition, relatively loosely, the test tire 2000 can also be directly removed and measured.

[0159] Subtracting the first force data from the third force data yields the ventilation torque of test tire 2000, representing the ventilation resistance of the wheel assembly after correcting for rolling resistance and bearing friction. Subtracting the fourth force data from the second force data yields the aerodynamic force data of test tire 2000, representing the aerodynamic force of the wheel assembly after correcting for the aerodynamic force of wheel support 2200.

[0160] Continuing with Figures 56 to 63 , the wind tunnel test system may further include a lifting device 6000. This lifting device 6000 may be powered by pneumatic or hydraulic forces, for example. The lifting device 6000 is mounted on a second force balance 9200. A moving belt 5000 is mounted above the lifting device 6000 and connected to the second force balance 9200 via the lifting device 6000. The lifting device 6000 is adjustable in height, thereby adjusting the load applied to the test tire 2000. The lower portion of the lifting device 6000 is fixedly connected to the second force balance 9200. The second force balance 9200 is positioned above the first force balance 9100. The second force balance 9200 can measure forces in the x- and z-axis directions. Therefore, the second force balance 9200 can be a two-component balance, although a six-component balance is also possible. Since the moving belt 5000 and the lifting device 6000 are arranged below the test section platform 3000, the moving belt 5000 and the lifting device 6000 do not affect the measurement of the flow field around the wheel and the aerodynamic force of the wheel assembly.

[0161] At this time, the wind tunnel test method may include the following steps: adjusting the height of the wheel bracket 2200 on the test section platform 3000 so that the bottom of the test tire 2000 is flush with the test section platform 3000, adjusting the height of the lifting device 6000, using the moving belt 5000 to apply a preset load force to the bottom of the test tire 2000, and measuring the current deformation height h of the test tire 2000; lowering the wheel bracket 2200 relative to the test section platform 3000 by a height h, adjusting the height of the lifting device 6000, and using the moving belt 5000 to apply a preset load force to the bottom of the test tire 2000 so that the bottom of the test tire 2000 is flush with the test section platform 3000. The wind tunnel is stationary, and the test tire 2000 is driven to rotate by the moving belt 5000, and the side of the test tire 2000 is closed to form a flat surface, and the second force balance 9200 is used to measure the fifth force data; the side of the test tire 2000 is restored to be closed, the wind tunnel is blown, and the sixth force data is measured by the first force balance 9100, and the seventh force data is measured by the second force balance 9200; the test tire 2000 is disconnected from the wheel body support 2200, and the test tire 2000 is fixed by the second tire fixing frame 2400 so that the test tire 2000 is as close to the wheel body support 2200 as possible. The wind tunnel maintains the same wind speed, and the first force balance 9100 is used to measure the eighth force data; the ventilation torque of the test tire 2000 is obtained by subtracting the fifth force data from the seventh force data; the aerodynamic data of the test tire 2000 is obtained by subtracting the eighth force data from the sixth force data.

[0162] Taking the test conditions of 80 km / h and a 500 kg load as an example, the height of the lifting device 6000 can be adjusted so that the drive belt of the moving belt 5000 and the test tire 2000 do not contact each other. In this state, the second force measuring balance 9200 is calibrated and zeroed, or the force of the second force measuring balance 9200 in the z-axis direction is recorded.

[0163] Install the test tire 2000 and adjust the height of the wheel support 2200 so that the bottom of the test tire 2000 is flush with the test section platform 3000. Adjust the height of the lifting device 6000 so that the drive belt of the moving belt 5000 contacts the test tire 2000. Continue to raise the lifting device 6000 until the z-axis force applied by the second force measuring balance 9200 reaches the set load of 500 kgf. Measure the amount of sinking of the test tire 2000 in the z-direction in this state. This sinking amount is also the vertical distance h between the test tire 2000 and the test section platform 3000. Then, adjust the height of the lifting device 6000 so that the drive belt of the moving belt 5000 separates from the test tire 2000.

[0164] Adjust the height of the wheel support 2200 to lower it by h. Again adjust the height of the lifting device 6000 so that the drive belt of the moving belt 5000 contacts the test tire 2000. Continue raising the lifting device 6000 until the z-axis force of the second force measuring balance 9200 reaches the set load of 500 kgf. At this point, the upper surface of the drive belt of the moving belt 5000 should be flush with the test section platform 3000.

[0165] Since the test tire 2000 will deform after loading, the amount of sinking of the test tire 2000 is taken into consideration in advance so that the upper surface of the driving belt of the moving belt 5000 is flush with the test section platform 3000 during the formal test. This can prevent the driving belt of the moving belt 5000 from protruding from the ground and avoiding interference with the measurement of aerodynamic force.

[0166] With the wind tunnel stationary, seal the sides of the test tire to create a flat surface, minimizing interference with the ventilation of test tire 2000. The drive belt of moving belt 5000 drives test tire 2000 at a speed of 80 km / h to warm the tire, allowing the main structure and material properties of test tire 2000 to reach a stable state. For passenger car tires, the warm-up time should be no less than 30 minutes. Other tire models can refer to the national standard GB / T 29040-2012. After the warm-up step is completed, the second force balance 9200 begins measuring and collecting force. The fifth force data measured by the second force balance 9200 includes tire rolling resistance and bearing friction resistance. The data collection period of the second force balance 9200 is no less than 60 seconds, and the test result can be taken as the average of the 60-second measurement results.

[0167] Restore the closure of the side of the test tire so that the side of the test tire remains in the initial ventilation state. The wind tunnel blows air at a wind speed of 80km / h, and the airflow and the test tire 2000 move relative to each other. At this time, the sixth force data measured by the first force measuring balance 9100 includes the aerodynamic force exerted on the test tire 2000 and the wheel body bracket 2200. The seventh force data measured by the second force measuring balance 9200 includes the equivalent resistance of the ventilation torque exerted on the test tire 2000 at the tread (called ventilation resistance), and also includes the rolling resistance and bearing friction resistance of the test tire 2000. The data collection time of the first force measuring balance 9100 and the second force measuring balance 9200 is not less than 60s, and the test result can be taken as the average of the 60s measurement results.

[0168] Then, the test tire 2000 can be separated from the wheel support 2200, but kept in a state where they just do not make contact. The test tire 2000 is fixed to the test section platform 3000 using the second tire fixing frame 2400. The eighth force data measured by the first force measuring balance 9100 is the aerodynamic force of the wheel support 2200 in this state. The data collection time is no less than 60 seconds, and the test result can be taken as the average of the 60-second measurement results. The flow field environment of the two tests remains basically consistent, which can avoid significant changes in the flow field after the test tire 2000 is removed. In addition, relatively loosely, the test tire 2000 can also be directly removed and measured.

[0169] Subtracting the fifth force data from the seventh force data yields the ventilation torque of test tire 2000, which represents the ventilation resistance of the wheel assembly after correcting for tire rolling resistance and bearing friction. Subtracting the eighth force data from the sixth force data yields the tire aerodynamic force data of test tire 2000, which represents the wheel assembly aerodynamic force after correcting for the aerodynamic force of wheel support 2200.

[0170] When adjusting the tire load condition, the effect of load on the rolling resistance of test tire 2000 is far greater than that of speed. Therefore, the tire warming step must be repeated each time the load condition of test tire 2000 is adjusted. When adjusting the speed condition of test tire 2000, the effect of speed on the rolling resistance of test tire 2000 is relatively small. If the test time is tight or the test result accuracy is not required, the tire warming step may not be repeated. Those skilled in the art may adjust the test conditions according to actual needs, and this is not limited here.

[0171] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0172] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, and these modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present patent application shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A wind tunnel test system, characterized in that: The wind tunnel test system comprises: A wheel cover stand and a wheel cover body, wherein the wheel cover body is provided with a wheel body cavity and is a partial structure of the entire vehicle appearance, and the wheel cover body is arranged on the wheel cover stand; a wheel support, wherein at least a portion of the main structure of the wheel support is located in the wheel cavity of the wheel cover body; A test section platform and a tire driving device, wherein the tire driving device is located inside the wheel cover body or below the test section platform; a test tire, the test tire being disposed in the wheel body cavity; The wheel cover body has a longitudinal symmetry plane, and the half of the wheel cover body cut by the longitudinal symmetry plane is a half-car shape, and the wheel cover body is a local structure of the half-car shape; the wheel cover body has a model top surface, a model chassis surface, a model rear end surface, a model symmetry plane and a car shape simulation surface connecting the model top surface, the model chassis surface, the model rear end surface and the model symmetry plane, and the model symmetry plane coincides with the longitudinal symmetry plane; the model top surface, the model chassis surface, the model rear end surface, the model symmetry plane and the car shape simulation surface constitute the entire model outer surface of the wheel cover body; wherein: the wheel body cavity is opened at the connection position between the model chassis surface and the car shape simulation surface; the wheel body cavity is provided with a wheel eyebrow trim; the car shape simulation surface is provided with a wheel body windshield component, and the wheel body windshield component is located in front of the wheel body cavity; the model rear end surface is provided with a tail end guide component; The minimum distance L1 between the wheel body cavity and the tail end face of the model is greater than or equal to the diameter of the test tire; the length L2 of the tail end guide component is greater than or equal to the length L of the wheel cover body; the tail end guide component is in the shape of a quadrangular pyramid, and the inclination θ of the side surface of the quadrangular pyramid satisfies 5°≤θ≤15°.

2. The wind tunnel test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wind tunnel test system comprises: A displacement device, the displacement device is arranged on the test section platform, and the wheel cover stand is arranged on the displacement device and is used to move horizontally relative to the test section platform via the displacement device; An internal support frame is arranged inside the wheel cover body, and the internal support frame is detachably connected to the wheel cover stand at different height positions, and is used to adjust the height of the wheel cover body relative to the test section platform.

3. The wind tunnel test system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The wheel support is a wheel stand, which includes a wheel fixed frame and a wheel movable frame, and the wheel movable frame is detachably connected to the wheel fixed frame at different heights; The tire driving device is a driving motor, which is arranged on the wheel movable frame, and the height of the driving motor on the wheel fixed frame is adjusted by the wheel movable frame. The driving motor is used to connect to the test tire; The first tire fixing frame includes a first base frame body and a first fixing fixture. The first base frame body has a guide channel. The first base frame body is used to support the test tire. The first fixing fixture is used to fix the test tire.

4. The wind tunnel test system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first base frame includes a first supporting base plate and a first curved supporting plate, two symmetrical supporting vertical plates are arranged on both sides of the first supporting base plate, and the two sides of the first curved supporting plate are connected to the two supporting vertical plates, so that the guide channel is formed between the first curved supporting plate and the first supporting base plate, and a guide window is provided on the supporting vertical plate, and the first fixing fixture includes at least two first fixing rings, which are fixedly sleeved on the first curved supporting plate along the guide window.

5. The wind tunnel test system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The wind tunnel test system comprises: a first force measuring device, the wheel body stand being connected to the first force measuring device, and the first force measuring device being arranged below the test section platform; A six-component force sensor is provided on the test tire, and the six-component force sensor is connected to the drive motor and the test rim.

6. The wind tunnel test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wind tunnel test system comprises: a second force measuring device, the second force measuring device being arranged below the test section platform, the second force measuring device comprising a first force measuring balance and a second force measuring balance, the second force measuring balance being arranged above the first force measuring balance; The wheel support is a wheel bracket, the wheel bracket is connected to the first force measuring balance, the wheel bracket is provided with a wheel shaft, the test tire is rotatably mounted on the wheel shaft, and the bracket portion of the wheel bracket exposed to the test tire has an airfoil-shaped flow-guiding surface; The tire driving device is a moving belt, which is connected to the second force balance. The moving belt includes a driving wheel and a belt around the tire. a drive belt on the drive wheel, the drive belt being in driving contact with the test tire; The second tire fixing frame includes a second base frame and a second fixing fixture. The second base frame is used to support the test tire, and the second fixing fixture is used to fix the test tire.

7. The wind tunnel test system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second base frame includes a second supporting base plate and a second arc-shaped supporting plate. One end of the second arc-shaped supporting plate is fixedly connected to the second supporting base plate. The second fixing fixture is a second fixing ring, which is fixedly sleeved on the second arc-shaped supporting plate.

8. The wind tunnel test system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The wind tunnel test system comprises: A lifting device is provided on the second force measuring balance, and the tire driving device is connected to the second force measuring balance via the lifting device.

9. A wind tunnel test method based on the wind tunnel test system according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: The wind tunnel test method comprises the following steps: Blowing air in the wind tunnel and using the drive motor to drive the test tire to rotate so that the wind speed is consistent with the linear speed of the tire surface of the test tire, and measuring current first aerodynamic force data; The test tire is disconnected from the drive motor, and the test tire is fixed by the first tire fixing frame to measure the current second aerodynamic force data; The tire aerodynamic data of the test tire is obtained by subtracting the second aerodynamic data from the first aerodynamic data.

10. The wind tunnel test method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The wind tunnel test method comprises the following steps: During the measurement of the first aerodynamic force data, a first gap exists between the test tire and the test section platform, and the first gap is maintained to be less than or equal to a boundary layer displacement thickness.

11. A wind tunnel test method based on the wind tunnel test system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The wind tunnel test method comprises the following steps: The wind tunnel blows air, and the drive motor is used to drive the test tire to rotate so that the wind speed is consistent with the tire surface linear velocity of the test tire, a second gap is maintained between the test tire and the test section platform, and the second gap is maintained to be less than or equal to the boundary layer displacement thickness, and the six-component force sensor is used to measure tire aerodynamic data of the test tire and the ventilation torque of the test tire.

12. A wind tunnel test method based on the wind tunnel test system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The wind tunnel test method comprises the following steps: The wind tunnel is stationary, and the test tire is driven to rotate by the moving belt, and the side surface of the test tire is closed to be a flat surface, and the first force data is measured by the second force balance; Restoring the sealing of the side of the test tire, blowing air in the wind tunnel, measuring second force data using the first force balance, and measuring third force data using the second force balance; The test tire is disconnected from the wheel support, and the test tire is fixed by the second tire fixing frame, the wind tunnel is blown at a constant wind speed, and the fourth force data is measured by the first force balance; subtracting the first force data from the third force data to obtain a ventilation torque of the test tire; The tire aerodynamic data of the test tire is obtained by subtracting the fourth force data from the second force data.

13. A wind tunnel test method based on the wind tunnel test system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The wind tunnel test method comprises the following steps: Adjusting the height of the wheel support on the test section platform so that the bottom of the test tire is flush with the test section platform, adjusting the height of the lifting device, applying a preset load force to the bottom of the test tire using the tire drive device, and measuring the current sinking amount h of the test tire; Lower the wheel support relative to the test section platform by a height h, adjust the height of the lifting device, and use the tire drive device to apply the same preset load force to the bottom of the test tire so that the bottom of the test tire is flush with the test section platform; The wind tunnel is stationary, and the test tire is driven to rotate by the tire driving device, and the side surface of the test tire is closed to be a flat surface, and the fifth force data is measured by the second force balance; Restoring the sealing of the side of the test tire, blowing air in the wind tunnel, measuring the sixth force data using the first force balance, and measuring the seventh force data using the second force balance; The test tire is disconnected from the wheel support and fixed with the second tire fixing frame. The hole is blown with wind at the same speed, and the eighth force data is measured using the first force balance; subtracting the fifth force data from the seventh force data to obtain a ventilation torque of the test tire; The tire aerodynamic data of the test tire is obtained by subtracting the eighth force data from the sixth force data.

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