Refrigeration unit, beverage temperature regulation apparatus and methods of use and installation thereof

Abstract

There is provided a refrigeration unit for a beverage temperature regulation apparatus, the refrigeration unit comprising: a variable speed pump configured to control the flow of coolant through a coolant circuit; a variable speed compressor configured to control the flow of refrigerant through a refrigerant circuit; a heat exchanger configured to allow heat exchange by thermal communication between the coolant in the coolant circuit and the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit; a temperature sensor configured to measure the temperature of the coolant in the coolant circuit; and a controller configured to maintain the temperature of the coolant at a threshold temperature by controlling the variable speed pump and the variable speed compressor, independently of one another, in dependence on the temperature of the coolant measured by temperature sensor. A method of operating a refrigeration unit and a beverage temperature regulation apparatus are also provided.

Description

[0001] REFRIGERATION UNIT, BEVERAGE TEMPERATURE REGULATION APPARATUS

[0002] AND METHODS OF USE AND INSTALLATION THEREOF

[0003] Field of the invention

[0004] The present invention relates to a beverage temperature regulation apparatus and methods of installation and operation thereof.

[0005] Background to the invention

[0006] A beverage temperature regulation apparatus is provided in bars and other venues to regulate the temperature of drinks prior to their being dispensed. Issues concerning the invention will now be discussed with the example of cooling drinks, although temperature regulation apparatus may also be used to warm drinks.

[0007] It is advantageous to provide beverage cooling apparatus which is easy and cost- effective to install, maintain and operate, and which minimises power consumption while providing the desired beverage cooling.

[0008] Beverage cooling apparatus typically comprises a refrigerator unit with a built in water bath which provides heat exchange between a coolant circuit, cooled by the refrigeration unit, and a beverage line. However, if this apparatus breaks, it is difficult to replace or repair due to its bulk. GB2502593 (Williams) discloses a beverage cooling apparatus with a refrigeration unit connected to a separate tank for cooling the beverage. However, this apparatus remains bulky in size and can consume substantial amounts of power.

[0009] Typically, beverage cooling installations place all cooling apparatus in a single location, co-located with the beverages (for example in a cellar) and cool each beverage line in the same way. In practice, they consume a substantial amount of power and it would be both environmentally beneficial and cost-effective to require less power consumption while obtaining the desired cooling effect.

[0010] It is in this context that the present inventions have been devised. of the invention

[0011] In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there may be provided a refrigeration unit. The refrigeration unit may be for a beverage temperature regulation apparatus. The refrigeration unit may comprise a variable speed pump. The variable speed pump may be configured to control the flow of coolant through a coolant circuit. The refrigeration unit may comprise a variable speed compressor. The variable speed compressor may be configured to control the flow of refrigerant through a refrigerant circuit. The refrigeration unit may comprise a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger may be configured to allow heat exchange by thermal communication between the coolant in the coolant circuit and the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit. The refrigeration unit may comprise a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor may be configured to measure the temperature of the coolant in the coolant circuit. The refrigeration unit may comprise a controller. The controller may be configured to maintain the temperature of the coolant at a threshold temperature by controlling the variable speed pump and the variable speed compressor, independently of one another, in dependence on the temperature of the coolant measured by temperature sensor.

[0012] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there may be provided a method of operating a refrigeration unit (e.g. for a beverage temperature regulation apparatus). The refrigeration unit may comprise a variable speed pump. The variable speed pump may be configured to control the flow of coolant through a coolant circuit. The refrigeration unit may comprise a variable speed compressor. The variable speed compressor may be configured to control the flow of refrigerant through a refrigerant circuit. The refrigeration unit may comprise a heat exchanger configured to allow heat exchange by thermal communication between the coolant in the coolant circuit and the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit. The refrigeration unit may comprise a temperature sensor. The method may comprise measuring the temperature of the coolant in the coolant circuit. The method may comprise maintaining the temperature of the coolant at a threshold temperature by controlling the variable speed pump and the variable speed compressor, independently of one another, in dependence on the temperature of the coolant measured by temperature sensor.

[0013] Advantageously, by controlling the variable speed pump and the variable speed compressor independently of one another, it is possible to reduce energy consumption of the refrigeration unit. In some applications, for example where the refrigeration unit is used in an apparatus or system for cooling beverages on their way to beverage dispensers, the refrigeration unit is particularly effective at responding to high rates of variability in the amount of cooling required.

[0014] In addition, as the pump and compressor are operable at variable speeds, the individual energy consumptions of the pump and compressor is reduced because these components can be operated at lower speeds depending on the demand on the refrigeration unit and any system in which the refrigeration unit is installed. This flexibility provides the ability to adapt power consumption to demands on the system because only the power that is actually needed to deal with intermittent cooling demands is used.

[0015] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a beverage temperature regulation apparatus. The beverage temperature regulation apparatus may comprise a heat exchange fluid circuit to circulate heat exchange fluid to exchange heat with a beverage. The beverage temperature regulation apparatus may comprise a heater or cooler (for example a refrigeration unit) to regulate the temperature of (for example to cool) the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit. The beverage temperature regulation apparatus may comprise a first beverage line to transmit a beverage from a source to a dispenser. The beverage temperature regulation apparatus may comprise a first heat exchange unit configured to receive the beverage line. It may be that each of: the heater or cooler and the first heat exchange unit are provided in physically separate housings. The beverage temperature regulation apparatus may comprise a first conduit to receive the first beverage line. It may be that the first beverage line and the heat exchange fluid circuit are in thermal communication with one another in the first conduit. It may be that the heat exchange fluid circuit passes through: the heater or cooler, the first heat exchange unit and the first conduit.

[0016] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of installing a beverage temperature regulation apparatus. The method may comprise providing a heat exchange fluid circuit to circulate heat exchange fluid to exchange heat with a beverage. The method may comprise providing a heater or cooler to regulate the temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit. The method may comprise providing a first beverage line to transmit a beverage from a source to a dispenser. The method may comprise providing a first heat exchange unit configured to receive the first beverage line. It may be that each of the: heater or cooler and the first heat exchange unit are provided in physically separate housings. The method may comprise providing a first conduit to receive the first beverage line and the heat exchange fluid circuit in thermal communication with one another in the first conduit. It may be that the heat exchange fluid circuit passes through the heater or cooler, the first heat exchange unit and the first conduit to thereby cause a heat exchange between the heat exchange fluid circuit and the first beverage line in the first heat exchange unit and a heat exchange between the heat exchange fluid circuit and the first beverage line in the first conduit.

[0017] Advantageously, since the heater or cooler and the first heat exchange unit are separate components, maintenance, refurbishment, repair and replacement of the heater or cooler can be performed without interfering with the first heat exchange unit. The beverage temperature regulation apparatus according to the invention is therefore more flexible than existing beverage temperature regulation apparatus where the heater or cooler and the heat exchange unit are in the same housing, which means that the beverage line passes through the same housing as the heater or cooler.

[0018] Further, the beverage temperature regulation apparatus is modular meaning that further beverage lines and heat exchange units can be added without requiring any modification to the heater or cooler because the beverage lines bypass the heater or cooler. Multiple heat exchange units can be added to the same heat exchange fluid circuit if desired. Advantageously, the heat exchange fluid is heated or cooled to a desired temperature in the heater or cooler, respectively, and is then able to partake in heat transfer in the heat exchange unit to regulate the temperature of one or more beverages.

[0019] Typically, the heater heats the heat exchange fluid. Typically, the cooler cools the heat exchange fluid. Typically, the heater or cooler maintains the temperature of the heat exchange fluid.

[0020] It may be that the method of installing a beverage temperature regulation apparatus comprises providing each of the heat exchange units physically spaced apart from the heater or cooler.

[0021] Advantageously, the physical separation of the heater or cooler and the heat exchange unit reduce the size of the individual components needed in the beverage temperature regulation apparatus. The heater or cooler and the first heat exchange unit can be stored in different locations on a premises, if desired. As a result, the beverage temperature regulation apparatus is flexible and can adapted to suit the physical space requirements of the premises in which it is installed.

[0022] Advantageously, the first heat exchange unit can be located close to the point of beverage dispensing so as to provide more efficient temperature regulation (e.g. cooling) to the beverage to be dispensed. Therefore, the apparatus can respond to fluctuations in beverage demand more easily. That is, the apparatus provides a more energy efficient beverage temperature regulation apparatus than other known technologies. Furthermore, the thermal mass of the first heat exchange unit located closed to point of beverage dispensing enables continued delivery of temperature regulated (e.g. cooled) beverages during periods with a relatively high rate of dispensing.

[0023] Advantageously, by providing one or more (typically unpowered) heat exchange units which are separate to the heater or cooler, heat capacity can be customised to a particular application, distributed and prioritised enabling use of a lower powered heater or cooler. This improves the energy efficiency of the beverage temperature regulation apparatus. The number of heat exchange units, and the amount of thermal mass of the heat exchange units, can be selected depending on the requirements of the installation.

[0024] Advantageously, there is provided a two stage heat exchange process within the beverage temperature regulation apparatus. One heat exchange occurs between the heat exchange fluid circuit and the first beverage line in the first heat exchange unit. Another heat exchange occurs between the heat exchange fluid and the first beverage line in the first conduit. Therefore the beverage temperature regulation apparatus can maintain the temperature (e.g. cooling) of some or all beverage lines, during periods of peak beverage flow rate. It will be appreciated that the heat exchanges could occur in either order depending on the location of the first exchange unit relative to the first conduit.

[0025] By physically separate housings, it is meant that the housing of the heater or cooler and the housing of the heat exchange unit(s) are separable from one another. It may be that the housing of the heater or cooler is not connected to and / or does not physically contact the housing of the first heat exchange unit. However, the heat exchange fluid circuit may comprise tubing to transmit a heat exchange fluid from the heater or cooler to the first heat exchange units and the first conduit.

[0026] Due to its compact size, the heater or cooler and the first heat exchange unit are individually more portable and can be separately positioned within a typical premises in which the apparatus would be installed (e.g. a bar or restaurant), for example on the floor, wall mounted or on wheels for movability. In addition, the heater or cooler can be remotely stored in a cellar or storeroom and the heat exchange unit can be positioned closer to the point of dispense, for example under the bar or countertop.

[0027] Typically, the beverage temperature regulation apparatus may be installed at premises in which beverages are dispensed. Typically, the beverage temperature regulation apparatus may be used in a draught beverage apparatus. The premises may be a bar, restaurant, pub or nightclub. The premises may be a temporary location, for example a ‘pop-up bar’ at a festival.

[0028] Therefore, according to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a premises for providing beverages having an apparatus as described herein. It may be that the beverage temperature regulation apparatus is suitable for use with any other fluid (e.g. not intended for consumption) which needs to be dispensed at a particular temperature or within in a particular temperature range. The fluid may be a liquid. The fluid may be a gas. In this way, the beverage temperature regulation apparatus may be a fluid temperature regulation apparatus, for example a gas temperature regulation apparatus or a liquid temperature regulation apparatus. Therefore, it will be appreciated that the term ‘beverage’ could be replaced with fluid, or liquid or gas throughout the application as filed.

[0029] In an example, a liquid temperature regulation apparatus may be used to bring mouth wash to a desired temperature and / or maintain the mouth wash at that temperature in a dental practice. As another example, a liquid temperature regulation apparatus may be used to bring water for a fish tank to a desired temperature and / or maintain the water for a fish tank at that temperature in the sea food industry. As another example, a gas temperature regulation apparatus may be used to bring the temperature of gaseous carbon dioxide to a desired temperature.

[0030] It may be that a portion of the coolant circuit passes through the refrigeration unit. It may be that a portion of the refrigeration circuit passes through the refrigeration unit.

[0031] The beverage temperature regulation apparatus may be a beverage cooling apparatus. It may be that the heat exchange fluid is a coolant. It may be that the heat exchange fluid circuit is a coolant circuit. Typically, the coolant circuit is formed by tubing. Typically, the coolant absorbs heat energy from a beverage to cool a beverage. Typically, the coolant cools the beverage to low temperatures (i.e. temperatures less than 10°C) or sub-zero temperatures (i.e. temperatures less than 0°C).

[0032] It may be that the coolant comprises a coolant suppressant. It may be that the coolant comprises a freeze point depressant.

[0033] Advantageously, the coolant suppressant increases the efficiency of the coolant circuit. The coolant suppressant may be up to 66% more efficient than standard coolants.

[0034] It may be that the coolant has a lower viscosity (e.g. for example at least 20% less viscous, such as at least 30% less viscous, for example 40% less viscous, such as at least 50% less viscous, for example 60% less viscous) than commonly used glycol- based coolants e.g. propylene glycol-based fluid. Advantageously, a lower viscosity coolant is more energy efficient because less force is needed to pump the coolant through the coolant circuit. Therefore, less energy needs to be provided to the apparatus to pump the coolant through the coolant circuit compared to if the coolant had a higher viscosity.

[0035] It may be that the coolant is non-toxic, e.g. compared to ethylene glycol which is a commonly used coolant.

[0036] It may be that the coolant is food safe. That is, the coolant may be certified for accidental food contact.

[0037] It may be that the coolant comprises anti corrosion additives. Advantageously, the anticorrosion additives do not compromise the accidental food contact rating of the coolant because the anti-corrosion additives are food safe and non-toxic.

[0038] It may be that the cooler is a refrigeration unit. Typically, the refrigeration unit removes the heat from the heat exchange fluid when it is returned to the refrigeration unit in the heat exchange fluid circuit. Typically, the refrigeration unit pumps the heat exchange fluid through the heat exchange fluid circuit.

[0039] It may be that the refrigeration unit comprises a heat exchange fluid pump. It may be that the refrigeration unit comprises a refrigerant condenser. It may be that the refrigeration unit comprises a compressor. It may be that the refrigeration unit comprises a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger of the refrigeration unit is a different component to the first heat exchange unit. Typically, the heat exchange fluid pump pumps the heat exchange fluid through the heat exchange fluid circuit. Typically, the compressor compresses the refrigerant to increase the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant and discharges the refrigerant to the condenser. Typically, the refrigerant condenser cools the refrigerant and discharges the cooled refrigerant as a liquid to the heat exchanger. Typically, the heat exchanger of the refrigeration unit causes the warmed heat exchange fluid, which enters the refrigeration unit, to exchange heat energy with the cooled refrigerant as the refrigerant absorbs heat energy from the heat exchange fluid. The refrigeration unit typically comprises a combined (e.g. sealed) evaporator and heat exchanger.

[0040] Advantageously, the combined sealed evaporator and heat exchanger is more compact that the having these two components of the refrigeration unit as separate components in the housing. In addition, the combined sealed evaporator and heat exchanger maximises the refrigeration unit’s recovery.

[0041] The heat exchange unit may typically provide for the exchange of heat between a beverage and the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit. Typically, heat is transferred from the beverage to the heat exchange fluid. Typically, the transfer of heat is achieved by conduction.

[0042] The heat exchange unit may comprise a thermal storage medium (e.g. a coolth storage medium), acting as a thermal mass, for example a liquid such as water, or a solid, or a phase change material. The heat exchange units may comprise a water bath. Thus, the heat exchange units store thermal energy (e.g. coolth) in use which provides a buffer to maintain temperature regulation (e.g. cooling) for a period of time when there is a relatively high rate of beverage flow through one or more beverage lines. A benefit of the modular nature of the system is that the number of heat exchange units, and / or the capacity of thermal mass of the heat exchange units, can be customised to give a desired amount of thermal mass to provide a buffer and support cooling depending on expected variations in beverage flow rate and also input beverage temperature.

[0043] It may be that the apparatus is (e.g. fully) sealed. It may be that the apparatus is (e.g. fully) enclosed. Advantageously, the apparatus can be transported without a leak of heat exchange fluid or beverage occurring, e.g. between connections of the beverage line and the heat exchange unit and between connections of the heat exchange fluid circuit and the heat exchange unit. This is particularly advantageous for portable bar set-ups because only one-time installation is required.

[0044] It may be that each (or some) of the heat exchange units are unpowered. It may be that each (or some) of the heat exchange units are passive. It may be that each (or some) of the heat exchange units do not comprise a pump. It may be that each (or some) of the heat exchange units do not comprise a compressor. It may be that each (or some) of the heat exchange units do not comprise an evaporator. It may be that each (or some) of the heat exchange units do not comprise a heater or cooler.

[0045] Advantageously, an unpowered heat exchange unit reduces the power consumption of the apparatus compared to using powered heat exchange units. Therefore, the apparatus is more energy efficient.

[0046] In addition, the unpowered heat exchange units can be located anywhere within the premises in which the apparatus is installed, for example close to a beverage dispensing point, such as taps, for efficient temperature regulation (e.g. cooling) of the beverage. There is no requirement for a power supply connection, e.g. to mains electricity.

[0047] It may be that the heat exchange unit is a modular component of the beverage temperature regulation apparatus. This means that heat exchange units can be added to the beverage temperature regulation apparatus whenever required without requiring reconfiguration or modification to the existing components on the beverage temperature regulation apparatus.

[0048] Typically, the heat exchange unit comprises a heat exchange fluid tank and a beverage coil. Typically, the heat exchange fluid tank is a vessel which holds heat exchange fluid that is pumped into and out of the heat exchange fluid tank. Typically, the beverage coil is a coil, through which the beverage flows. The beverage coil is contact with the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid tank such that conduction of heat from the beverage to the heat exchange fluid occurs whilst the beverage flows through the beverage coil. The heat exchange unit may comprise more than one beverage coil. Each beverage coil may transmit one beverage. The heat exchange unit may comprise at least 2, for example at least 3, such as least 5, for example at least 6 beverage coils.

[0049] It may be that the first beverage line comprises one or more (e.g. individual) pieces (e.g. of tubing), for example formed of vinyl or polyethylene. It may be that the first beverage line is comprised of the beverage coil in the first heat exchange unit, one or more pieces forming the portion of the first beverage line inside the conduit and one or more pieces forming the remaining portions of the first beverage line. It may be that the beverage is a carbonated beverage or a still beverage. It may be that the beverage is an alcoholic or a non-alcoholic beverage. It may be that the beverage coil has a first connector at the beginning of the beverage coil. It may be that the beverage coil has a first connector at the end of the beverage coil. One or more pieces of the beverage line may be connected to each of the beginning and end of the beverage coil to form the complete beverage line to dispense the beverage transmitted therein.

[0050] It may be that the heat exchange fluid tank comprises an input and an output. It may be that the heat exchange fluid circuit connected to the input and output of the heat exchange fluid tank to form a complete loop for the heat exchange fluid circuit.

[0051] Typically, the heat exchange fluid circuit passes through the heater or cooler in order for the heat exchange fluid to be heated or cooled to a desired heat exchange fluid temperature. Typically, the heat exchange fluid circuit passes through the first heat exchange unit so that the heat exchange fluid can regulate the temperature of the beverage in the beverage line.

[0052] Typically, the heat exchange fluid circuit and the first beverage line are in thermal communication with one another so that heat exchange between the first beverage line and the heat exchange fluid circuit takes place both in the first heat exchange unit and in the first conduit.

[0053] Advantageously, the heat exchange fluid circuit and the first beverage line are in thermal communication with one another as close as possible to the point at which they are dispensed to increase the amount of time during which the beverage temperature is regulated (e.g. cooled) by the heat exchange fluid. Since the heat exchange fluid circuit and the beverage line are in thermal communication with one another, heat is transferred by conduction.

[0054] Typically, the beverage line transmits a beverage from a source of a beverage to a dispenser for a beverage. It may be that the source is a beverage container, e.g. a vessel, for storing a beverage before it is dispensed. The beverage container may be connected to a gas supply, such as a gas cannister, to apply pressure to the beverage to push the beverage into the beverage line. An example of a beverage container is a keg, which is typically used to store alcoholic beverages, in particular beer. Since the beverage temperature inside the beverage line is regulated (e.g. cooled) in the first heat exchange unit and the first conduit, it is not necessary to chill the beverage dispenser, though it can be kept in a cool store (e.g. cellar).

[0055] It may be that the dispenser is a component which delivers the beverage to an output device which allows a user to prepare a drink. It may be that the beverage dispenser is a draught tap or a soda fountain. It may be the beverage dispenser is a dispensing unit comprising a plurality of individual dispensing taps. It may be that each individual dispensing taps has its own beverage line.

[0056] Typically, the first conduit refers to a portion of the first beverage line and a portion of the heat exchange fluid circuit which are in thermal communication with one another. The portions of the first beverage line and the heat exchange fluid circuit which are in thermal communication with one may be wrapped together in a material to form the first conduit. The portions of the first beverage line and the heat exchange fluid circuit which are in thermal communication with one may be contained in a pipe, thereby forming the first conduit. It will be appreciated that the first conduit may be formed in another way not described in this application provided that a portion of the first beverage line and a portion of the heat exchange fluid circuit are in thermal communication with one another.

[0057] It may be that the first conduit comprises an insulating material to insulate the beverage line and the heat exchange fluid circuit in thermal communication with one another in the first conduit.

[0058] Advantageously, the provision of insulation around the first beverage line and the heat exchange fluid circuit reduces heat transfer between the heat exchange fluid circuit and the first beverage line with the external atmosphere.

[0059] It may be that the insulating material is at least one of: foam insulation and foil wrap. However, other types of insulating material will be envisaged.

[0060] It may be that first beverage line and heat exchange fluid circuit are fastened together. It may be that first beverage line and heat exchange fluid circuit are bundled together.

[0061] As an example, it may be that the first beverage line and heat exchange fluid circuit are provided to the dispenser in a first conduit. Typically, the first conduit is a pipe, tube or cable in which a portion of the first beverage line and a portion of the heat exchange fluid circuit are contained. Typically, the beverage temperature in the beverage line is further regulated (e.g. cooled) as it travels through the conduit. Typically, the conduit is a “python” as known in the technical field.

[0062] It may be that the conduit (e.g. the python) comprises one or more sections between heat exchange units. It may be that the conduit (e.g. the python) comprises a section between a heat exchange unit and the beverage dispenser.

[0063] Typically, the heat exchange fluid travels in a heat exchange fluid circuit, so the heat exchange fluid travels through the first conduit in both directions. That is, the return of the heat exchange fluid to the heater or cooler may be through the first conduit.

[0064] It may be that the first beverage line passes through the first heat exchange unit. It may be that the beverage line passes through the first conduit. It may be that the beverage line bypasses the heater or cooler.

[0065] Advantageously, since the first beverage line bypasses the heater or cooler, the beverage temperature regulation apparatus is quick and easy to assemble because the beverage line does not need to be installed in the heater or cooler. As a result, the modularity of the beverage apparatus is further improved because additional beverage lines can be added without requiring any modification to the heater or cooler because the beverage lines bypass the heater or cooler.

[0066] Typically, the first beverage line passes through the first heat exchange so that its temperature is regulated (e.g. cooled) by heat exchange fluid (e.g. coolant) in the heat exchange fluid (e.g. coolant) circuit.

[0067] Typically, the first beverage line bypasses the heater or cooler in that the first beverage line does not enter the housing of the heater or cooler. Typically, the first beverage line bypasses the heater or cooler in that the temperature of the first beverage line is not regulated by the heater or cooler. Typically, the first beverage line is arranged with direct connection between the beverage source and the first heat exchange unit. As a result, the primary temperature regulation (e.g. cooling) of the beverage occurs in the heat exchange unit. In other examples, the first beverage line is arranged in the first conduit between the beverage source and the first heat exchange unit. As a result, the primary temperature regulation (e.g. cooling) of the beverage occurs in the first conduit. Since the first beverage line bypasses the heater or cooler, the refrigeration is more compact than in existing technologies.

[0068] It may be that the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit leaves the refrigeration unit and enters the first heat exchange unit without passing through (e.g. bypassing) the first conduit. It may be that the heat exchange fluid circuit enters the first conduit away from the ends of the first conduit. It may be that the heat exchange fluid circuit extends along the first conduit in both (e.g. longitudinal) directions of the first conduit. It may be that the direction of flow of the heat exchange fluid out of the refrigeration unit is in an opposite direction to direction of flow of the beverage in the first beverage line. It may be that the direction of flow of the heat exchange fluid out of the refrigeration unit is in the same direction to direction of flow of the beverage in the first beverage line.

[0069] It may be that the beverage temperature regulation apparatus comprises a second heat exchange unit configured to receive a beverage line to transmit a beverage. It may be that each of: the heater or cooler, the first heat exchange unit and second heat exchange unit are provided in physically separate housings. It may be that the heat exchange fluid circuit passes through the second heat exchange unit.

[0070] Advantageously, provision of a second heat exchange unit increases the amount of heat exchange achieved by the beverage temperature regulation apparatus. For example, the temperature of the beverage in the first beverage line can be regulated (e.g. cooled to lower temperatures or heated to higher temperatures) when a second heat exchange unit is used. As another example, a temperature of a second beverage in another beverage line can also be regulated (e.g. heated or cooled) by the heat exchange fluid when a second heat exchange unit is used.

[0071] Advantageously, the second heat exchange unit can be made easily without interfering with the heater or cooler because the heater or cooler operates independently of the heat exchange units. This improves flexibility in the beverage temperature regulation apparatus as heat exchange units can be added depending on the desired serving temperature of the beverage in the beverage line(s). It may be that the features of the first heat exchange unit are also features of the second heat exchange unit. The second heat exchange unit, other than in size and shape, may be identical to the first heat exchange unit. For example, the second heat exchange unit may also comprise a heat exchange fluid tank and a beverage coil. It may be that the second heat exchange unit is also unpowered.

[0072] Advantageously, the simplicity and ease of installation is improved by using multiple identical heat exchange units because the same knowledge for installation is required for both heat exchange units. Typically, the heat exchange fluid circuit passes through the second heat exchange unit so that the heat exchange fluid can further regulate the temperature of (e.g. heat or cool) the beverage in the first beverage line and / or a beverage in a different beverage line to the first beverage line.

[0073] It may be that each of the second heat exchange unit is identical in size and shape to first heat exchange unit. This further improves the ease of installation.

[0074] It may be that the second heat exchange unit is different in size and shape to first and heat exchange unit. This can be advantageous because the apparatus can be adapted to suit the requirements of the premises in which it is to be installed and also the beverages that will be dispensed.

[0075] The second heat exchange unit may be physically separate housings, in that the housing of the second heat exchange unit is not connected to and does not physically contact the housing of the first heat exchange unit nor the heater or cooler. However, the heat exchange fluid circuit may comprise tubing to transmit the heat exchange fluid from the heater or cooler to the second heat exchange unit and the first conduit.

[0076] It may be that the beverage temperature regulation apparatus comprises a second beverage line to transmit a beverage from a source to a dispenser. It may be that the second beverage line passes through: the second heat exchange unit and the first conduit. It may be that the second beverage line bypasses the heater or cooler. It may be that the heat exchange fluid circuit and the second beverage line are in thermal communication with one another in the first conduit.

[0077] It may be that the method of installing a beverage temperature regulation apparatus comprises providing a second beverage line to transmit a beverage from a source to a dispenser. It may be that the second beverage line bypasses the first heat exchange unit. It may be that the method of installing a beverage temperature regulation apparatus comprises providing a second heat exchange unit configured to receive the second beverage line. It may be that the heat exchange fluid circuit passes through the second heat exchange unit to thereby cause a heat exchange between the heat exchange fluid circuit and the second beverage line in the second heat exchange unit and a heat exchange between the heat exchange fluid circuit and the second beverage line in the first conduit.

[0078] Advantageously, the provision of more than one beverage line allows multiple different beverages to be temperature regulated (e.g. cooled) and delivered to a dispenser. The addition of the second beverage line can be made easily without interfering with the heater or cooler because the heater or cooler operates independently of the beverage lines. This improves flexibility and modularity of the beverage temperature regulation apparatus whilst keeping the apparatus compact in space.

[0079] It may be that the beverage lines dispense different beverages. It may be that the beverage lines have different sources. It may be that the beverage lines transmit the respective beverage to the same or a different dispenser. It may be that the beverage lines are bundled together at certain points along the beverage lines (e.g. the portion of the beverage lines in the first conduit.

[0080] The two-stage heat exchange process described for the first beverage line also occurs for the second beverage line. Typically, the transfer of heat in the second heat exchange unit between the second beverage line and the heat exchange fluid circuit is achieved by conduction.

[0081] It may be that the features of the first beverage line are also features of the second beverage line. For example, it may be that the second beverage line comprises one or more (e.g. individual) pieces (e.g. of tubing), for example formed of vinyl or polyethylene. It may be that the second beverage line is comprised of the beverage coil in the second heat exchange unit, one or more pieces forming the portion of the second beverage line inside the first conduit and one or more pieces forming the remaining portions of the second beverage line. Typically, the heat exchange fluid circuit and the second beverage line are in thermal communication with one another so that heat exchange between the second beverage line and the heat exchange fluid circuit takes place both in the second heat exchange unit and in the first conduit.

[0082] Typically, the second beverage line bypasses the heater or cooler in that the second beverage line does not enter the housing of the heater or cooler. The second beverage line may bypass the heater or cooler in that the temperature of the beverage in the second beverage line is not regulated (e.g. heated or cooled) by the heater or cooler.

[0083] It may be that the second beverage line bypasses the first heat exchange unit.

[0084] Advantageously, the different beverage lines can pass through different numbers of heat exchange units so that multiple different beverages can be brought to their individual serving temperatures using the same apparatus.

[0085] In other words, every beverage line may not pass through every heat exchange unit. However, all beverage lines in the apparatus may bypass the heater or cooler.

[0086] The beverage lines may be of different lengths such that some beverage lines are shorter than others because they travel through fewer heat exchange units. The length of the beverage lines may depend on the location of the source for that beverage, the location of the heat exchange units needed for that beverage and the location of the dispenser within the premises in which the apparatus is to be installed.

[0087] It may be that the second beverage line passes through the first and second heat exchange units.

[0088] Advantageously, the same beverage line can pass through both heat exchange units to regulate the temperature of (e.g. heat or cool) the beverage in the beverage line to a particularly low temperature.

[0089] It may be that the first and second heat exchange units are located on the same end of the first conduit. It may be that the first and second heat exchange units are located on opposite ends of the first conduit.

[0090] Advantageously, the heat exchange units and can be positioned in a location tailored to the space available in the premises in which the apparatus is installed. This further improves the modularity and flexibility of the apparatus.

[0091] Whether the first and second heat exchange units are located on the same or opposite ends of the first conduit may depend on the space available near the dispenser, the space available near the beverage containers and the distance between the point of dispense and the storage location of the beverage containers. It will be appreciated that other factors may also be considered when deciding where to locate the first and second heat exchange units relative to the first conduit.

[0092] It may be that both heat exchange units are located closer to the beverage containers than to the dispenser. It may be that both heat exchange units are located on the same end of the first conduit as the beverage containers. It may be that both heat exchange units are located closer to the dispenser than to the beverage containers. It may be that both heat exchange units are located on the same end of the first conduit as the dispenser. It may be that the first heat exchange unit is located on the same side of the first conduit as the beverage dispenser and the second heat exchange unit is located on the same side of the first conduit as the beverage containers.

[0093] It may be that the beverage temperature regulation apparatus comprises the dispenser (e.g. the beverage dispenser). It may be that the heater or cooler and the dispenser are located on the same end of the first conduit. It may be that the first heat exchange unit is located at the opposite end of the first conduit to the heater or cooler and the dispenser.

[0094] It may be that the premises comprises a beverage dispenser to dispense the beverage in at least one of the beverage lines. It may be that the heater or cooler is located at a shorter distance to the beverage dispenser than the heat exchange units are located to the heater or cooler. Advantageously, the heat exchange units and can be positioned in a location suitable for the space available in the premises in which the apparatus is installed. This further improves the modularity and flexibility of the apparatus.

[0095] In this example, the heat exchange units are located further away from the dispenser than the heater or cooler is located from the dispenser. This can be useful in situations where the space available in the premises at the region of dispense (e.g. at the bar) is smaller than the space available at the point of the storage of the beverage containers (e.g. the cellar). In this way, the heat exchange units may be located in a cellar and the heater or cooler may be located at the bar, near the beverage dispenser. This arrangement contrasts with existing known apparatus, where the heater or cooler is located (e.g. in the cellar) near to the beverage containers.

[0096] It may be that the heat exchange fluid circuit passes through the first and second heat exchange units in series. It may be that the heat exchange fluid circuit passes through the first and second heat exchange units in parallel.

[0097] Advantageously, the heat exchange fluid circuit can be adapted to suit the space availability and the heating or cooling requirements of the beverages which the apparatus will be used to regulate the temperature of. This further improves the flexibility and modularity of the apparatus.

[0098] In series, refers to the path of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit as passing through the first heat exchange unit and then the second heat exchange unit in sequence. That is, the volume of the heat exchange fluid passing through the heat exchange fluid circuit in the first and second heat exchange units individually may be the same as the volume of the heat exchange fluid passing through the heat exchange fluid circuit outside of the heat exchange units.

[0099] In parallel, refers to the path of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit as passing through the first heat exchange unit and then the second heat exchange unit simultaneously. That is, the volume of the heat exchange fluid passing through the heat exchange fluid circuit in the first and second heat exchange units individually may be less than the volume of the heat exchange fluid passing through the heat exchange fluid circuit outside of the heat exchange units. It may be that the beverage temperature regulation apparatus comprises a third beverage line to transmit a beverage from a source to a dispenser. It may be that the third beverage line passes through the first conduit. It may be that the third beverage line bypasses the heat exchange units and the heater or cooler.

[0100] It may be that the method of installing a beverage temperature regulation apparatus comprises providing a third beverage line to transmit a beverage from a source to a dispenser. It may be that the third beverage line bypasses the heat exchange units and passes through the first conduit to thereby cause a single heat exchange between the heat exchange fluid circuit and the third beverage line in the first conduit.

[0101] Advantageously, the apparatus can be used to regulate the temperature of (e.g. heat or cool) beverages which do not need to be heated or cooled to such a low temperature that a heat exchange unit is needed. In other words, the first conduit may provide sufficient thermal communication between the third beverage line and the heat exchange fluid so as to regulate the temperature (e.g. heat or cool) the beverage in the third beverage line to a desired temperature. There is no requirement to provide a different conduit for temperature regulation (e.g. cooling) of such beverages and instead the first conduit can be used for all beverage lines in the apparatus. This reduces the number of components and therefore makes the apparatus more compact. In addition, the complexity of installation is further reduced.

[0102] It may be that the third beverage line dispenses a different beverage to the first and second beverage lines.

[0103] The third beverage line has a single-stage heat exchange process, which is different to the two-stage heat exchange process described for the first and second beverage lines. In the single-stage heat exchange process of the third beverage line, the heat exchange between the heat exchange fluid circuit and the third beverage line occurs in (e.g. only) the first conduit and not in either of the heat exchange units. Typically, the transfer of heat in the first conduit between the third beverage line and the heat exchange fluid circuit is achieved by conduction.

[0104] It may be that the features of the first and second beverage lines are also features of the third beverage line. For example, it may be that the third beverage line comprises one or more (e.g. individual) pieces (e.g. of tubing), for example formed of vinyl or polyethylene. It may be that the third beverage line is comprised of one or more pieces forming the portion of the third beverage line inside the first conduit and one or more pieces forming the remaining portions of the third beverage line.

[0105] Typically, the third beverage line bypasses the heater or cooler and the heat exchange units in that the third beverage line does not enter the housing of the heater or cooler, nor the heat exchange units. The third beverage line may bypass the heater or cooler and the heat exchange units in that the temperature of the beverage in the third beverage line is not regulated (e.g. heated or cooled) by the heater or cooler nor the heat exchange units.

[0106] It may be that the beverage temperature regulation apparatus comprises a second conduit to receive a beverage line. It may be that the heat exchange fluid circuit and the beverage line are in thermal communication with one another in the second conduit.

[0107] Advantageously, the second conduit can provide temperature regulation (e.g. cooling) of beverages to be dispensed at a different dispenser to the beverages in the first conduit. Therefore, the apparatus can be easily adapted to the requirements of the premises in which it is to be installed.

[0108] The second conduit may comprise the same features as the first conduit. One or more of the first, second and third beverage lines may pass through the second conduit. Heat exchange between the heat exchange fluid and the beverage in the beverage line in the second conduit may occur by conduction.

[0109] It may be that the beverage temperature regulation apparatus comprises one or more additional heat exchange units configured to receive a beverage line. It may be that each of: the one or more additional heat exchange units, the heater or cooler, and the first and second heat exchange units are provided in physically separate housings.

[0110] Advantageously, the beverage can be cooled to lower temperatures or heated to higher temperature or more beverages can be heated or cooled when additional heat exchange units are used in the apparatus. The additional heat exchange units can be made easily without interfering with the heater or cooler because the heater or cooler operates independently of the heat exchange units. This improves flexibility in the apparatus as heat exchange units can be added depending on the desired serving temperature of the beverage in the beverage line and / or number of beverages to be temperature regulated (e.g. heated or cooled) in the apparatus.

[0111] It may be that each of the additional heat exchange units are identical in size and shape to first and second heat exchange units. This further improves the ease of installation.

[0112] It may be that at least some of the additional heat exchange units are different in size and shape to first and second heat exchange units. This can be advantageous because the apparatus can be adapted to suit the requirements of the premises in which it is to be installed and also the beverages that will be dispensed.

[0113] It may be that the method of installing a beverage temperature regulation apparatus comprises selecting which heat exchange units each of a plurality of beverage lines pass through. It may be that this is to thereby enable the temperature of each beverage line to be brought to within a threshold of a respective predetermined temperature.

[0114] It may be that a subgroup of the plurality of beverage lines passes through a subgroup of the heat exchange units. It may be that the method of installing the beverage temperature regulation apparatus comprises providing a subgroup of the plurality of beverage lines passing through a subgroup of the heat exchange units.

[0115] Advantageously, the apparatus can be installed so as to provide beverage lines for a beverage that is to be heated to a higher temperature (or cooled to a lower temperature) to pass through different or more heat exchange units than a beverage line for a beverage that is to be heated to a lower temperature (or cooled to a higher temperature). The apparatus is therefore provided with further modularity.

[0116] The respective predetermined temperature may be a desired serving temperature of the beverage in the beverage line. The threshold may be within 5°C of the respective predetermined temperature, for example within 3°C of the respective predetermined temperature, such as within 1 °C of the respective predetermined temperature or for example within 0.5°C of the respective predetermined temperature. It may be that the threshold is 0°C such that the temperature of each beverage line is to be brought to exactly the respective predetermined temperature. The threshold temperature may be a setpoint. The threshold temperature may be a range. It may be that the threshold temperature is for example -5°C to 5°C, such as - 4°C to 4 °C, for example -3°C to 3°C, such as -2°C to 2°C, for example -1 °C to 1°C, such as -0.75°C to 0.75°C,for example -0.5°C to 0.5°C. It may be that the modulus (e.g. when expressed in °C) of the lower boundary and the upper boundary are not the same (e.g. -4°C to 5°C or -5°C to 4°C).

[0117] It may be that the beverage line and the heat exchange fluid circuit are in thermal communication with one another when they pass between heat exchange units.

[0118] Where there is a plurality of beverage lines, it may be that all of the beverage lines are in thermal communication with the heat exchange fluid circuit when they pass between the heat exchange units. It may be that all of the beverage lines are in thermal communication with the heat exchange fluid circuit when they pass from the heat exchange units to a beverage dispenser.

[0119] It may be that the beverage line(s) and the heat exchange fluid circuit are in thermal communication with one another between heat exchange units (e.g. between the first and second heat exchange units). It may be that the beverage line(s) and heat exchange fluid circuit are in thermal communication with one another between a heat exchange unit and the beverage dispenser (e.g. between the first or second heat exchange unit and the beverage dispenser).

[0120] It may be that the beverage temperature regulation apparatus comprises a controller configured to vary the flow of heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit.

[0121] Advantageously, by varying the flow of heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit, the energy efficiency of the apparatus is increased because the amount of power used by the apparatus is tailored to the demand. For example, by reducing the flow of heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit when a large amount of heating or cooling of the beverage in the beverage line is not required, the power consumption of the heater or cooler is reduced.

[0122] It may be that the controller is a digital sensing control module. It may be that the controller is configured to regulate and / or vary the speed of flow of heat exchange fluid (e.g. in dependence on demand for temperature regulation of beverages or in dependence on time of day, such as peak and off-peak hours). The power demand of the apparatus may depend on the temperature of the heat exchange fluid. The power demand of the apparatus may depend on the volume of heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit. The power demand of the apparatus may depend on the flow rate of beverage in the beverage line.

[0123] It may be that the flow of heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit is controlled by changing one or more parameters associated with one or more components of the heater or cooler. It may be that the beverage temperature regulation apparatus comprises a controller configured to vary the volumetric flow rate of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit.

[0124] The controller of the beverage temperature regulation apparatus (e.g. the refrigeration unit) may comprise one or more processors. The controller may comprise a non- transitory computer readable memory storing instructions. The instructions, when executed by the one or more processors may cause the controller to operate the beverage temperature regulation apparatus (e.g. refrigeration unit) as described herein. The one or more processors may be located in a single unit. In other examples, where the one or more processors is a plurality of processors, the controller may be distributed, which is to say that at least one of the plurality of processors may be located separated from at least one other of the plurality of processors. The controller may be configured to receive at least one input from the one or more components of the beverage temperature regulation apparatus (e.g. refrigeration unit). The controller may be configured to transmit at least one output to at least one of the components of the heater or cooler. Typically, the heater or cooler comprises the controller, but in other examples, the controller may be provided separate from the heater or cooler and in wireless data communication therewith. The controller may be a ‘main controller’ with additional controllers (e.g. secondary controllers or microcontrollers) also included in the heater or cooler.

[0125] It may be that the controller is configured to vary the flow of heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit to prioritise heat exchange of the heat exchange fluid with one of a plurality of beverage lines. Advantageously, the flow of heat exchange fluid is varied to ensure that the temperature of a beverage of priority is regulated to the desired serving temperature of the beverage.

[0126] It may be that the heat exchange of the heat exchange fluid with the beverage line which is to be dispensed is prioritised.

[0127] It may be that the beverage temperature regulation apparatus comprises one or more temperature sensors for measuring the temperature of heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit.

[0128] It may be that the temperature sensor is configured to measure the temperature of the coolant before the coolant enters the heat exchanger (e.g. of the refrigeration unit). It may be that the method operating the refrigeration unit comprises measuring the temperature of the coolant before the coolant enters the heat exchanger. The temperature sensor may be configured to measure the temperature of the coolant outside of the heat exchanger (e.g. of the refrigeration unit). The temperature sensor may be configured to measure the temperature of the coolant downstream of the heat exchanger (e.g. of the refrigeration unit) in the coolant circuit. The temperature sensor may be configured to measure the temperature of the coolant upstream of the heat exchanger (e.g. of the refrigeration unit) in the coolant circuit. Advantageously, this avoids requiring measurement of the temperature of coolant which is already in the heat exchanger and so will have already experienced heat transfer with the refrigerant in the heat exchanger. Measuring temperature of the coolant in the heat exchanger reduces the accuracy and magnitude of the temperature change which is measured compared to measuring the temperature of the coolant outside of the heat exchanger. Therefore, the present invention avoids excess cooling and minimises energy consumption Advantageously, measuring the temperature upstream of the heat exchanger means that unit can respond faster to changes in temperature of the coolant as beverage is dispensed.

[0129] Advantageously, the provision of temperature sensors to measure the temperature of the heat exchange fluid means that the heat transfer between the heat exchange fluid and the beverage(s) can be monitored or determined. It may be that a single temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature of the heat exchange fluid as it enters and exits the heater or cooler. It may be that two separate temperature sensors are used to measure the temperature of the heat exchange fluid as it enters and exits the heater or cooler.

[0130] It may be that the temperature sensor is provided in the heat exchange fluid circuit.

[0131] It may be that the temperature sensor is a thermocouple, a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor, a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor, a semiconductor IC sensor or a resistance temperature detector (RTD).

[0132] It may be that the controller is configured to vary the flow of heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit in dependence on a measured temperature of the heat exchange fluid. It may be that the temperature of the heat exchange fluid is measured where the heat exchange fluid enters the heater or cooler. It may be that the temperature of the heat exchange fluid is measured when the heat exchange fluid where the heat exchange fluid exits the heater or cooler.

[0133] It may be that the method of operating a beverage temperature regulation apparatus comprises varying the flow of heat exchange fluid in a heat exchange fluid circuit in dependence on a measured temperature of the heat exchange fluid.

[0134] It may be that the measured temperature of the heat exchange fluid circuit is compared to a predetermined temperature setpoint. When the measured temperature of the heat exchange fluid circuit is below the temperature predetermined setpoint, the controller may decrease the flow of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit. When the measured temperature of the heat exchange fluid circuit is above the temperature predetermined setpoint, the controller may increase the flow of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit. When the measured temperature of the heat exchange fluid circuit is equal to (or within a predetermined threshold of) the temperature predetermined setpoint, the controller may maintain the flow of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit.

[0135] It may be that the controller is configured to: vary the flow of heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit in dependence on a temperature differential. It may be that that the temperature differential is between the i) the temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit when the heat exchange fluid enters the heater or cooler and ii) the temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit when the heat exchange fluid exits the heater or cooler.

[0136] According to further aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of operating the beverage temperature regulation apparatus as described above. It may be that the method of operating a beverage temperature regulation apparatus comprises varying the flow of heat exchange fluid in a heat exchange fluid circuit in dependence on a temperature differential of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit between two points in the heat exchange fluid circuit.

[0137] It may be that the method of operating a beverage temperature regulation apparatus comprises determining i) the temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit when the heat exchange fluid enters the heater or cooler. It may be that the method of operating a beverage temperature regulation apparatus comprises determining ii) the temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit when the heat exchange fluid exits the heater or cooler. It may be that the method of operating a beverage temperature regulation apparatus comprises determining the temperature differential between i) the temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit when the heat exchange fluid enters the heater or cooler and ii) the temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit when the heat exchange fluid exits the heater or cooler.

[0138] Advantageously, by monitoring the temperature of the heat exchange fluid when it enters and leaves the heater or cooler, the temperature differential of the heat exchange fluid before and after it passes through the heat exchange unit(s) and the first conduit can be monitored. This can be used to determine the amount of heat energy absorbed by the heat exchange fluid and therefore the amount of heating or cooling provided by the heat exchange fluid to the beverage.

[0139] Advantageously, the temperature differential is a reliable indication of the amount of power that the apparatus needs. If the temperature differential is within an expected threshold, then it may be that the power consumption of the apparatus can be reduced because the change in temperature of the heat exchange fluid indicates that the beverage is being regulated (e.g. heated or cooled) to the correct serving temperature for the beverage. If the temperature differential is outside of an expected threshold, then it may be that the power consumption of the apparatus should be increased because the change in temperature of the heat exchange fluid indicates that the beverage is not being regulated (e.g. heated or cooled) to the correct serving temperature for the beverage.

[0140] It may be that the heater or cooler comprises a compressor. It may be that the heater or cooler comprises a heat exchange fluid pump.

[0141] It may be that the compressor is a variable speed compressor. It may be that the heat exchange fluid pump is a variable speed pump.

[0142] Advantageously, the speed of the compressor and / or the pump can be controlled depending on demand requirements of the apparatus. By lowering the speed of the compressor and / or pump, the power consumption of the apparatus is reduced, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the apparatus. When demand is increased, the speed of the compressor and / or pump can be increased as and when required.

[0143] It may be that the controller is configured to control the variable speed compressor. It may be that the controller is configured to control the variable speed pump.

[0144] It may be that the variable speed pump is configured to selectively operate in a coolant temperature maintenance mode. In the coolant temperature maintenance mode, it may be that the variable speed pump operates at a first pump speed. It may be that the variable speed pump is configured to selectively operate in a coolant temperature adjustment mode. In the coolant temperature adjustment mode, it may be that the variable speed pump operates at a second pump speed. It may be that the first pump speed is lower than the second pump speed.

[0145] It may be that the method of operating the refrigeration unit comprises selectively operating the variable speed pump in the coolant temperature maintenance mode. It may be that the method of operating the refrigeration unit comprises operating the variable speed pump in the coolant temperature adjustment mode.

[0146] Advantageously, the variable speed pump operates in different modes depending on the temperature requirements of the system. By operating the pump at a lower speed when the temperature of the coolant only needs to be maintained, rather than adjusted, the energy consumption of the refrigeration unit is reduced compared to a refrigeration unit which operates at a single pump speed regardless of the cooling demand on the system.

[0147] Typically, the temperature maintenance mode provides the function of maintaining the temperature of the coolant. Typically, the temperature adjustment mode provides the function of adjusting the temperature of the coolant.

[0148] The first pump speed and / or the second pump speed may be a speed of rotation (e.g. of a motor in the pump). The first pump speed and / or the second pump speed may be a volumetric flow rate. The first pump speed may be for example at least 0.5 litres per minute, such as at least 1 litre per minute, for example at least 1.5 litres per minute, such as at least 2 litres per minute, for example at least 2.5 litres per minute, such as at least 3 litres per minute. The first pump speed may be for example at least 4.5 litres per minute, such as at least 5 litres per minute, for example at least 5.5 litres per minute, such as at least 6 litres per minute, for example at least 6.5 litres per minute, such as at least 7 litres per minute.

[0149] It may be that the variable speed pump operates in the coolant temperature maintenance mode until a trigger to change the pump speed occurs. It may be that the variable speed pump operates in the coolant temperature adjustment mode until a trigger to change the pump speed occurs. The trigger may be a temperature measured by the measured temperature. The trigger may be when the measured temperature of the coolant is outside of the threshold temperature.

[0150] The pump may selectively operate in the coolant temperature maintenance mode or the coolant temperature adjustment mode depending on the measured temperature of the coolant.

[0151] It may be that the controller is configured to only provide power to the variable speed compressor when the temperature of the coolant measured by the temperature sensor is not equal to (e.g. is greater than) the threshold temperature.

[0152] It may be that the method of operating the refrigeration unit comprises only providing power to the variable speed compressor when the temperature of the coolant measured by the temperature sensor is not equal to (e.g. is greater than) the threshold temperature.

[0153] That is, it may be that in the coolant temperature maintenance mode, only the variable speed pump is powered. It may be that when the pump operates in the coolant temperature adjustment mode, both the variable speed pump and the variable speed compressor are powered.

[0154] It may be that the controller is configured to control the variable speed pump to operate in the coolant temperature adjustment mode when the temperature of the coolant measured by the temperature sensor is not equal to (e.g. is greater than) the threshold temperature.

[0155] It may be that the method of operating the refrigeration unit comprises controlling the variable speed pump to operate in the coolant temperature adjustment mode when the temperature of the coolant measured by the temperature sensor is not equal to (e.g. is greater than) the threshold temperature.

[0156] Advantageously, by using the temperature of the coolant as a trigger for operating in the coolant temperature adjustment mode, the refrigeration unit is energy efficient because it only operates the variable speed pump at the higher speed when the temperature of the coolant is not acceptable.

[0157] It may be that the controller is configured to control the variable speed pump to operate in the coolant temperature maintenance mode when the temperature of the coolant measured by the temperature sensor is equal to the threshold temperature.

[0158] It may be that the method of operating the refrigeration unit comprises controlling the variable speed pump to operate in the coolant temperature maintenance mode when the temperature of the coolant measured by the temperature sensor is equal to the threshold temperature.

[0159] Advantageously, by using the temperature of the coolant as a trigger for operating in the coolant temperature maintenance mode, the refrigeration unit is energy efficient because it operates the variable speed pump at the lower speed when the temperature of the coolant is acceptable. It may be that the variable speed compressor is configured to operate in a power-up mode. It may be that the variable speed compressor is configured to operate in the power-up mode when the variable speed compressor is initially powered on. It may be that, in the power-up mode, the variable speed compressor is configured to operate at a first compressor speed. It may be that, in the power-up mode, the variable speed compressor is configured to incrementally increase to a second compressor speed over a first predetermined time period.

[0160] It may be that the method of operating the refrigeration unit comprises operating in a power-up mode. It may be that the method of operating the refrigeration unit comprises operating in the power-up mode when the variable speed compressor is initially powered on. It may be that, in the power-up mode, the method comprises operating the variable speed compressor at a first compressor speed. It may be that, in the power-up mode, the method comprises incrementally increasing to a second compressor speed over a first predetermined time period.

[0161] Advantageously, the reduced speed of the compressor when it is powered up means the condensing pressure within the refrigeration system is reduced. With a lower condensing pressure, the compressor does not have to work as hard to overcome the back pressure on the compressor thus reducing energy consumption of the compressor making it more efficient. As pressure and temperature are related, once the temperature of the coolant withing the system is reduced, the speed of the compressor can be increased.

[0162] The first compressor speed and / or the second compressor speed may be a volumetric flow rate. The first compressor speed and / or the second compressor speed may be a speed of rotation (e.g. of a motor in the compressor). The first compressor speed may be for example at least 2000 revolutions per minute (rpm), such as at least 2500 rpm, for example at least 2750 rpm, such as at least 3000 rpm, for example at least 3250 rpm, such as at least 3500 rpm, such as at least 3750 rpm. The second compressor speed may be for example at most 3250 rpm, such as at most 3500 rpm, for example at most 3750 rpm, such as at most 4000 rpm, for example at most 4250 rpm, such as at most 4500 rpm. It may be that variable speed compressor operates in the power-up mode regardless of the temperature of the coolant.

[0163] It may be that the power-up mode comprises a plurality of stages. In the power-up mode, the variable speed compressor may operate at the first compressor speed in a first stage of the power-up mode. The variable speed compressor may operate at a first intermediate compressor speed (e.g. between the first and second compressor speeds) in a second stage (an increment) of the power-up mode. The variable speed compressor may operate at a second intermediate compressor speed (e.g. between the first intermediate and second compressor speeds) in a third stage (an increment) of the power-up mode, and so on. The variable speed compressor may operate at the second compressor speed in a final stage of the power-up mode. The variable speed compressor may operate at the second compressor speed indefinitely. The variable speed compressor may operate at the second compressor speed until the temperature of the coolant measured by the temperature sensor is not equal to the threshold temperature. The variable speed compressor may operate at the second compressor speed for a fixed time period.

[0164] The variable speed compressor may operate at the first compressor speed for a fixed time period. For example, the fixed time period may be for example at least 5 minutes, such as at least 10 minutes, for example at least 15 minutes, such as at least 20 minutes, for example at least 25 minutes.

[0165] It may be that, in the power-up mode, the variable speed compressor operates at the intermediate compressor speeds (i.e. in the incremental stages) for the first predetermined time period (i.e. a total time period). The first predetermined time period may be at least 5 minutes, such as at least 10 minutes, for example at least 15 minutes, such as at least 20 minutes, for example at least 25 minutes.

[0166] In an example power-up mode, the compressor may operate at the first compressor speed for 15 minutes in the first stage. The compressor may then operate at a first intermediate compressor speed in a first increment (i.e. second stage of the power-up mode) for 15 minutes (i.e. the first predetermined time period). The compressor may then operate at the second compressor speed until the temperature of the coolant is lower than the threshold temperature. It may be that the variable speed compressor is configured to operate in a first operating mode. It may be that the method of operating the refrigeration unit comprises operating in the first operating mode. It may be that in the first operating mode, the speed of the variable speed compressor is selected in dependence on the previous duty cycle of the variable speed compressor.

[0167] Advantageously, by considering the previous duty cycle when setting the speed of the variable speed compressor, the speed of the compressor can be varied depending on requirements of the refrigeration unit, thereby reducing energy consumption.

[0168] It will be appreciated that the variable speed compressor operates in the first operating mode with a duty cycle in which it has on time and off time (e.g. compared to the power- up mode in which the compressor may be ran continuously). When the compressor is on (i.e. in the on time of the duty cycle), the motor in the variable speed compressor operates at a compressor speed.

[0169] It may be that the speed of the variable speed compressor is controlled separately to the duty cycle of the variable speed compressor. It may be that the method comprises controlling the speed of the variable speed compressor separately to the duty cycle of the variable speed compressor.

[0170] Advantageously, this means that the speed of the compressor can be adjusted without also adjusting the duty cycle at the same time. This allows for more flexibility in the refrigeration unit to provide a more tailored approach depending on the demands on the refrigeration unit.

[0171] It may be that the controller (e.g. of the refrigeration unit) does not control the duty cycle of the compressor. Thus, the duty cycle may be used as a measurement of the work done by the compressor. It may be that the duty cycle of the controller is determined (e.g. set) by a different controller to the controller of the refrigeration unit.

[0172] The duty cycle of the variable speed compressor may be set by a compressor controller. The compressor controller may be configured to determine a duty cycle for the variable speed compressor in dependence on one or more parameters. Typically, the duty cycle of the variable speed compressor is adjusted to optimise the efficiency of the compressor based on electrical information from previous duty cycles of the variable speed compressor.

[0173] It may be that the variable speed compressor is configured to operate in the first operating mode after the power-up mode.

[0174] Advantageously, the power-up mode provides the function of operating the compressor in a start-up mode and the first operating mode is a mode in which the compressor continues to operate when the refrigeration unit is in use.

[0175] It may be that, when the previous duty cycle of the variable speed compressor is less than a first duty cycle threshold, the controller is configured to reduce the compressor speed of the variable speed compressor.

[0176] It may be that the method of operating the refrigeration unit comprises, when the previous duty cycle of the variable speed compressor is less than a first duty cycle threshold, reducing the compressor speed of the variable speed compressor.

[0177] Advantageously, by reducing the compressor speed, the energy consumption of the refrigeration unit is reduced.

[0178] The first duty cycle threshold may be for example at least 50%, such as at least 60%, for example at least 70%, such as at least 80%, for example at least 90%.

[0179] The controller of the refrigeration unit or the compressor controller may compare the previous duty cycle of the compressor (e.g. as set by the compressor controller) to the first duty cycle threshold. The controller of the refrigeration unit may transmit a control signal to the compressor (e.g. the compressor controller) to reduce the speed of the compressor if the previous duty cycle of the compressor is less than the first duty cycle threshold.

[0180] It may be that, when the previous duty cycle of the variable speed compressor is equal to or greater than a second duty cycle threshold, the controller is configured to maintain the compressor speed of the variable speed compressor. It may be that the method of operating the refrigeration unit comprises, when the previous duty cycle of the variable speed compressor is equal to or greater than a second duty cycle threshold, maintaining the compressor speed of the variable speed compressor.

[0181] Advantageously, by maintaining the compressor speed when it is needed, energy is used by the refrigeration unit only when it is needed.

[0182] The controller of the refrigeration unit or the compressor controller may compare the previous duty cycle of the compressor (e.g. as set by the compressor controller) to the second duty cycle threshold. The second duty cycle threshold may be for example at least 50%, such as at least 60%, for example at least 70%, such as at least 80%, for example at least 90%.

[0183] The controller of the refrigeration unit or the compressor controller may compare the previous duty cycle of the compressor (e.g. as set by the compressor controller) to the second duty cycle threshold. The controller of the refrigeration unit or the compressor controller may transmit a control signal to the compressor (e.g. the compressor controller) to maintain the speed of the compressor if the previous duty cycle of the compressor is greater than the second duty cycle threshold.

[0184] It may be that, if the on time of the variable speed compressor is equal to (or at least) a second predetermined time period, the controller is configured to increase the compressor speed of the variable speed compressor to a third compressor speed.

[0185] It may be that the method of operating the refrigeration unit comprises, if the on time of the variable speed compressor is equal to (or at least) a second predetermined time period, increasing the compressor speed of the variable speed compressor to a third compressor speed.

[0186] Advantageously, by increasing the compressor speed when it is needed, large amounts of energy are used by the refrigeration unit only when it is needed. By consideration of the second predetermined time period, if the compressor has been on for a set period of time and the temperature of the coolant has not yet reached the threshold temperature, the compressor speed is increased to deliver more cooling power to the refrigeration unit. The second predetermined time period may be for example at least 20 minutes, such as at least 30 minutes, for example at least 45 minutes, such as at least 1 hour, for example at least 90 minutes, such as at least 2 hours.

[0187] The controller of the refrigeration unit or the compressor controller may compare the off time of the compressor (e.g. as set by the compressor controller) to the second predetermined time period. The controller of the refrigeration unit or the compressor controller may transmit a control signal to the compressor (e.g. the compressor controller) to increase the speed of the compressor (e.g. to the third compressor speed) if the off time of the compressor is equal to or greater than the second predetermined time period.

[0188] It may be that the second compressor speed is equal to the third compressor speed. Advantageously, the second and / or third compressor speed may be a maximum compressor speed.

[0189] It may be that, if the off time of the variable speed compressor in the previous cycle is greater than the off time of the variable speed compressor in the current cycle, the controller is configured to increase the compressor speed of the variable speed compressor to a third compressor speed in the next cycle.

[0190] It may be that the method of operating the refrigeration unit comprises, if the off time of the variable speed compressor in the previous cycle is greater than the off time of the variable speed compressor in the current cycle, increasing the compressor speed of the variable speed compressor to a third compressor speed in the next cycle.

[0191] Advantageously, by increasing the compressor speed when it is needed, large amounts of energy are used by the refrigeration unit only when it is needed. By comparison of the off times between consecutive cycles, if the off time of the compressor is decreasing, the compressor speed is increased to deliver more cooling power to the refrigeration unit.

[0192] The controller of the refrigeration unit or the compressor controller may compare the off time of the compressor in the previous cycle (e.g. as set by the compressor controller) to the off time of the compressor in the current cycle. The controller of the refrigeration unit or the compressor controller may transmit a control signal to the compressor (e.g. the compressor controller) to increase the speed of the compressor in the next cycle, if the off time of the compressor in the previous cycle is greater than the off time of the current duty cycle.

[0193] It may be that the controller is configured to increase the speed of the compressor and / or the pump when the temperature differential of the heat exchange fluid is greater than an expected threshold. It may be that the controller is configured to decrease the speed of the compressor and / or pump when the temperature differential of the heat exchange fluid is less than an expected threshold. It may be that the controller is configured to switch off the compressor when the temperature differential of the heat exchange fluid is within an expected threshold.

[0194] The expect threshold may typically depend on the desired serving temperature of the beverage in the beverage line.

[0195] It may be that the beverage temperature regulation apparatus comprises a further heater or cooler and a further heat exchange fluid circuit. It may be that the further heat exchange fluid circuit passes through at least one heat exchange unit. It may be that the further heater or cooler is provided in a physically separate housing to the heat exchange units.

[0196] Advantageously, provision of an additional heater or cooler adds capacity to the apparatus to regulate the temperature of (e.g. heat or cool) beverages to a higher or lower serving temperature and / or regulate the temperature of (e.g. heat or cool) more beverages to their serving temperature. This further contributes to the modular apparatus which can be adapted to suit the needs of the premises in which it is installed.

[0197] The further heater or cooler may be the same as the first heater or cooler. The further heat exchange fluid circuit typically passes through at one heat exchange unit, which may be the first and / or second heat exchange units, or may be different to the first and second heat exchange units where the apparatus comprises two or more additional heat exchange units. As with the first heater or cooler, the further heater or cooler is housed in a separate unit to the heat exchange units within the apparatus. This means that the housing of the further heater or cooler is not connected to the housing of any of the heat exchange units. Again, the advantage of this set up is that the apparatus is modular and heat exchange units can be added without requiring modification to the heater or cooler and the heater or cooler can be repaired, maintained, installed without affecting the heat exchange units or beverage line.

[0198] It may be that the heater or cooler comprises a commissioning and / or purge tank. It may be that the method of installing the beverage temperature regulation apparatus comprises providing the heater or cooler with a commissioning and / or purge tank.

[0199] Advantageously, the commissioning and / or purge tank removes unwanted gas (e.g. air) from the heat exchange fluid circuit. The commissioning and / or purge tank allows the heat exchange fluid circuit to be primed and / or purged. The commissioning and / or purge tank enables the heat exchange fluid circuit to be topped up during maintenance, if required.

[0200] It may be that the heat exchange fluid circuit is configured to be in fluid communication with the commissioning and / or purge tank. It may be that the heater or cooler comprises one or more valves to permit fluid communication between the heat exchange fluid circuit and the commissioning and / or purge tank. It may be that the one or more valves are controlled by a user input. It may be that the one or more valves are electronically controlled.

[0201] It may be that the heater or cooler comprises a heat exchanger having a coil (an evaporator coil in the case of a cooler) with multiple turns (e.g. as part of the refrigeration circuit), and a jacket around the coil having an inlet and an outlet to allow heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit to flow through the jacket in thermal communication with the multiple turns of the coil (e.g. through which the refrigerant flows). This configuration has the benefit that the resistance to flow of heat exchange fluid through the heat exchanger is relatively low, reducing the energy consumption of a pump which circulates the heat exchange fluid around the heat exchange fluid circuit. Thus, in another aspect of the invention there is provided a heater or cooler for a beverage temperature regulation apparatus, the heater or cooler comprising a heat exchanger having a coil (an evaporator coil in the case of a cooler) with multiple turns, and a jacket around the coil having an inlet and an outlet to allow heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid circuit to flow through the jacket in thermal communication with the multiple turns of the coil. The jacket may have a top wall and a bottom wall such that the volume defined by the jacket is enclosed except for the inlet and outlet. It may be that the jacket is a surface of a circular, square or rectangular revolution of a circle, square or rectangle having a gap in the middle (e.g. a torus). The jacket may be toroidal. The axis of revolution may extend through the gap. It may be that the perimeter of the inner wall and / or the outer wall (in the plane perpendicular to the axis of revolution) of the jacket is square or rectangular. It may be that the cross section of the gap (in the plane perpendicular to the axis of revolution) is square or rectangular. It may be that the jacket (e.g. the inner and outer walls) defines a volume therein. The volume may be square or rectangular.

[0202] Typically, the coil and jacket have a rectangular cross section. It may be that the coil and jacket have a circular cross section. Typically, the jacket has an inner wall and an outer wall. Typically heat exchange fluid flows between the inner wall and outer wall, around the coil, in use. Typically the inner wall defines a space (e.g. a cuboidal or cylindrical space) inside of the jacket which may optionally comprise one or more other components of the heat or cooler, for example a circulation pump which drives circulation of the heat exchange fluid around the heat exchange fluid circuit. Advantageously, this is a more efficient use of space in the refrigeration unit.

[0203] The jacket may form part of the exterior of the heater or cooler. For example, it may be that the coil comprises at least 8 turns. However, it will be appreciated that there could be more or less turns in the coil. Adjacent turns of the coil may be in contact with each other. Adjacent turns of the coil may be separate to each other. The coil may be a flattened coil. The coil may have straight edges and curved corners therebetween.

[0204] Advantageously, the jacket having an inner wall and an outer wall with the inner wall defining a space means that a lower volume of heat exchange fluid flows through the heat exchanger (e.g. compared to a tank). The volume available in the jacket is further reduced because the evaporator coils are in the jacket. Since a smaller volume of heat exchange fluid is required, there is less heat exchange fluid to control the temperature of, and thus the refrigeration unit is more energy efficient (e.g. compared to tank heat exchanger based refrigeration systems). In addition, the refrigeration unit can respond more quickly to changes in temperature in the returned coolant at the time that dispensing takes place and so this minimises excess cooling.

[0205] According to another aspect of the invention, there may be provided a kit of parts for assembling the beverage temperature regulation apparatus as described above. The kit of parts may comprise a heater or cooler configured to regulate the temperature of heat exchange fluid in a heat exchange fluid circuit. The kit of parts may comprise a heat exchange unit configured to receive a beverage line. It may be that each of: the heater or cooler and the heat exchange unit are provided in physically separate housings.

[0206] It may be that the kit of parts comprises one or more additional heat exchange units.

[0207] According to another aspect of the present invention, there may be provided a method of operating a beverage temperature regulation apparatus comprising causing a heat exchange between a first beverage line and a heat exchange fluid circuit in the first heat exchange unit. It may be that the method comprises causing a heat exchange between the first beverage line and the heat exchange fluid circuit in a first conduit. It may be that the two heat exchanges are performed in either order. In this way, the temperature of the first beverage line may be regulated (e.g. cooled) by a two-heat- exchange stage process.

[0208] It may be that the method of operating the beverage temperature regulation comprises causing the first beverage line to pass through the first heat exchange unit and the first conduit. It may be that the method of operating the beverage temperature regulation comprises causing a second beverage line to pass through a second heat exchange unit and the first conduit, and bypass the first heat exchange unit. In this way, the temperature of the second beverage line may be regulated (e.g. cooled) by a two-heat- exchange-stage process.

[0209] It may be that the method of operating the beverage temperature regulation comprises causing a third beverage line to pass through the first conduit, and bypass the first and second heat exchange units. In this way, only one heat exchange may occur between the third beverage line and the heat exchange fluid circuit in the first conduit. In this way, the temperature of the third beverage line may be regulated (e.g. cooled) by a single-heat-exchange-stage process. According to another aspect the invention, there may be provided a beverage cooling apparatus. The beverage cooling apparatus may comprise a beverage line configured to transmit a beverage. The beverage cooling apparatus may comprise a coolant circuit configured to circulate coolant to cool the beverage in the beverage line. The beverage cooling apparatus may comprise a refrigeration unit configured to cool the coolant. The beverage cooling apparatus may comprise a first heat exchange unit. It may be that the refrigeration unit and the first heat exchange unit are each provided in physically separate housings. It may be that the beverage line and the coolant circuit are in thermal communication with one another when they pass between the first heat exchange unit and the refrigeration unit.

[0210] Although various aspects and embodiments of the present invention have been described separately above, any of the aspects and features of the present invention can be used in conjunction with any other aspect, embodiment or feature where appropriate. For example apparatus features may where appropriate be interchanged with method features. References to single entities should, where appropriate, be considered generally applicable to multiple entities and vice versa. Unless otherwise stated herein, no feature described herein should be considered to be incompatible. With any other, unless such a combination is clearly and inherently incompatible. Accordingly, it should generally be envisaged that each and every separate feature disclosed in the introduction, description and drawings is combinable in any appropriate way with any other unless (as noted above) explicitly or clearly incompatible.

[0211] Description of the Drawings

[0212] An example embodiment of the present invention will now be illustrated with reference to the following Figures in which:

[0213] Figure 1a is a schematic of a beverage temperature regulation apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0214] Figure 1 b is a schematic of a beverage temperature regulation apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0215] Figure 2 is a schematic of a beverage temperature regulation apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 3 is a schematic of a beverage temperature regulation apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0216] Figures 4a and 4b are schematics of a beverage temperature regulation apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0217] Figure 5 is a schematic of a heat exchange unit according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0218] Figure 6 is a schematic of a refrigeration unit according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0219] Figure 7 is a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0220] Figure 8 is a flowchart of a method according to an aspect of the present disclosure;

[0221] Figure 9 is a schematic of controller according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0222] Figures 10a is cross-section through and Figures 10b and 10c are breakout sections through a heat exchanger for the refrigeration unit, cut away to show the internal refrigerant coils;

[0223] Figure 11 is a schematic of a refrigeration unit according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0224] Figure 12a and 12b are flowchart of methods according to an embodiment of the invention; and

[0225] Figure 13a to 13c are graphs depicting methods according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0226] Detailed Description of an Example Embodiment

[0227] Figure 1a is a schematic of a beverage cooling apparatus 100a, functioning as a beverage temperature regulation apparatus discussed above, according to an embodiment of the invention. The apparatus 100a comprises a beverage line A beginning at first keg 110. Beverage line A ends at tap 130, where the beverage can be dispensed. The beverage line A travels through a python 140, which is a conduit tubing that delivers beverages to the tap 130 which is located on a bar top 175. The python 140 has a layer of insulating foam 145a, 145b around its circumference. In the python 140, the coolant circuit and the beverage line A are bundled together so that they are in contact with one another. Although the apparatus 100a is shown with one beverage line, some bar installations have more beverage lines as will be discussed below.

[0228] The apparatus 100a also includes a refrigeration unit 150 (such as the one shown in Figure 5) and a heat exchange unit 160. As shown in Figure 1a, beverage line A travels from first keg 110, into the first heat exchange unit 160, out of the heat exchange unit and along the python 140.

[0229] A coolant circuit is formed which travels through the refrigeration unit 150, the heat exchange unit 160, and the python 140. The coolant in the coolant circuit is a coolant suppressant and is cooled to a desired coolant temperature in the refrigeration unit 150 and transmitted to the heat exchange unit 160. In the heat exchange unit 160, the coolant contacts the beverage line A to be in thermal communication and chills the beverage inside the beverage line in a first heat exchange stage. The coolant circuit then extends through the python 140 in contact with the beverage line A such that a second heat exchange stage occurs. Once the coolant circuit reaches the end of the python 140, it returns back through the python 140 to the refrigeration unit 150. Notably, the beverage line A does not pass through the refrigeration unit 150.

[0230] Although not shown in Figure 1a, it will be appreciated that the position of the heat exchange unit 160 may be moved to the other end of the conduit so that it is positioned near the tap 130, e.g. under the bar top 175.

[0231] In Figure 1a, the refrigeration unit 150 may be placed in the cellar and the first heat exchange unit 160 may be placed outside of the cellar (e.g. on the same floor as the bar), e.g. remote from the refrigeration unit 150. Alternatively, in Figure 1a, both the refrigeration unit 150 and the first heat exchange unit 160 may be placed in the same location, e.g. in the cellar.

[0232] The heat exchange unit 160 and the refrigeration unit 150 are located in physically separate housings. This allows them to be deployed in different locations. For example, the first heat exchange unit may be located adjacent to the tap 130 (e.g. under the bar) and the refrigeration unit 150 may located away from the tap 130, for example in a cellar. Figure 1b is a schematic of a beverage temperature regulation apparatus 100b according to an embodiment of the invention. The beverage temperature regulation apparatus is a beverage cooling apparatus 100b which has the same components as the beverage cooling apparatus 100a but in a different configuration.

[0233] In particular, the in apparatus 100b, the refrigeration unit 150 is located near the bar 175 and the tap 130. In this way, the refrigeration unit 150 and the heat exchange unit 160 are arranged on opposite ends of the python 140. Therefore, the coolant circuit travels from the refrigeration unit 150 along the python 140. In the python 140, the coolant contacts the beverage line A to be in thermal communication and chills the beverage inside the beverage line in a first heat exchange stage. The coolant then enters the heat exchange unit 160 where it has a further heat exchange with the beverage line A. The coolant then exits the heat exchange unit 160 and returns to the refrigeration unit 150 through the python 140 to the refrigeration unit 150. Again, the beverage line A does not pass through the refrigeration unit 150.

[0234] Therefore, the apparatus 100a, 100b is adaptable to the location in which it is installed. Apparatus 100b is installed so the refrigeration unit 150 is placed at the bar 175 but it still able to cool beverages from the keg 110 and the heat exchange unit 160 which are located in the cellar of the premises.

[0235] Figure 2 is a schematic of a beverage cooling apparatus 200 according to an embodiment of the invention. The beverage cooling apparatus 200 shown in Figure 2 is the same as the beverage cooling apparatus 100a shown in Figure 1a with the additional components of two temperature sensors 180a, 180b and a controller 185. The first temperature sensor 180a is located on the output of the coolant circuit from the refrigeration unit 150 and the second temperature sensor 180b is located on the input of the coolant circuit into the refrigeration unit 150. The first temperature sensor 180a measures the temperature of the coolant as it leaves the refrigeration unit 150. The second temperature sensor 180b measures the temperature of the coolant as it enters the refrigeration unit 150. The controller 185 compares the temperatures measured by the first and second temperature sensors 180a, 180b to monitor the temperature differential between the coolant at these two positions within the coolant circuit. The controller 185 can transmit control signals to various components of the refrigeration unit 150 to adjust their operating parameters. Figure 3 is a schematic of a beverage cooling apparatus 300 according to an embodiment of the invention. The beverage cooling apparatus 300 shown in Figure 3 is the same as the beverage cooling apparatus 200 shown in Figure 2 with the following additional features. The insulation 145a, 145b is not shown on the python 140 for simplicity. The apparatus 300 comprises a beverage line B beginning at second keg 120. Beverage line B ends at tap 130, where the beverage can be dispensed. The beverage line B travels through the python 140. In the python 140, the coolant circuit and the beverage line B are bundled together so that they are in contact with one another. As shown in Figure 3, beverage line B travels from second keg 120, along the python 140, into the second heat exchange unit 170, out of the second heat exchange unit 170 and then continues along the python 140. Beverage line A also travels through the python 140. Although the python 140 is shown as a continuous piece in this figure, it may be formed of discrete pieces in other examples. In other examples, there may be no part of the python 140 after the second heat exchange unit 170.

[0236] The coolant circuit also travels through the second heat exchange unit 170 and the python 140, in addition to the first heat exchange unit 160. The coolant circuit extends through the first python 140 (before the second heat exchange unit 170) in contact with the beverage line B such that a first heat exchange stage occurs. In the second heat exchange unit 170, the coolant contacts the beverage line B to be in thermal communication and chills the beverage inside the beverage line B in a second heat exchange stage. Notably, the beverage line B does not pass through the refrigeration unit 150.

[0237] The apparatus 300 comprises a beverage line beginning at third keg 125. Beverage line C ends at tap 130, where the beverage can be dispensed. The beverage line C travels through the python 140. In the python 140, the coolant circuit and the beverage line C are bundled together so that they are in contact with one another. As shown in Figure 3, the beverage line C travels from third keg 125 along the python 140 to the tap. In other words, beverage line C does not pass through the heat exchange units 160, 170. Therefore, there is only one heat exchange stage, which takes place in the python.

[0238] The second heat exchange unit 170, the first heat exchange unit 160 and the refrigeration unit 150 are located in physically separate housings. This allows them to be deployed in different locations depending on the requirements and space availability of the premises.

[0239] The apparatus 300 also comprises a beverage line D beginning at fourth keg 135. Beverage line D ends at tap 130, where the beverage can be dispensed. The beverage line D travels from the fourth keg 135 into the first heat exchange unit 160, through the python 140 and into the second heat exchange unit 170. The beverage line D then travels out of the second heat exchange unit 170 and returns into the python 140 where beverage line D then travels to the tap 130. The coolant circuit and the beverage line D are bundled together so that they are in contact with one another in the python 140.

[0240] For beverage line D, there is a first heat exchange stage in the first heat exchange unit 160 as the beverage line D comes into contact with the coolant circuit in the first heat exchange unit 160. There is a second heat exchange stage in the python 140 between the coolant circuit and beverage line D as they are kept in thermal contact in the python 140. There is a third heat exchange stage in the python 140 between the coolant circuit and beverage line D in the second heat exchange unit 170 as the beverage line D comes into contact with the coolant circuit in the second heat exchange unit 170. Notably, the beverage line D does not pass through the refrigeration unit 150.

[0241] Although only four beverage lines are shown in Figure 3, it will be appreciated that the number of beverage lines could be greater or less than 4. In addition, although only two heat exchange units 160, 170 are shown in Figure 4, there may be more than two heat exchange units. Although each heat exchange unit 160, 170 in Figure 3 is shown as accommodating two beverage lines therein, the number of beverage lines accommodated in each heat exchange unit 160, 170 could be more or less than 2.

[0242] Figure 4a is a schematic of a beverage cooling apparatus 400 according to an embodiment of the invention. The beverage cooling apparatus 400 shown in Figure 4a is the same as the beverage cooling apparatus 100a shown in Figure 1a, however the components have been rearranged. The insulating foam 145a, 145b is not shown for simplicity. In apparatus 400, the beverage line A passes through the python 140 before it enters the first heat exchange unit 160.

[0243] In addition, the coolant circuit exits the refrigeration unit 150 and enters the first heat exchange unit 160 without passing through the python 140. The coolant circuit then enters the python after leaving the first heat exchange unit 160 with the beverage line A. When the end of the python 140 near the tap 130 is reached, the beverage line A leaves the python 140 and is dispensed at the tap 130, whilst the coolant circuit returns through the python 140 down to the end of the python 140 nearest the keg 110 (e.g. in the cellar). In this way, the coolant circuit enters the python 140 away from the ends of the python 140 but travels along the entire length of the python 140.

[0244] It will be appreciated that this apparatus could be combined with features of the previously described apparatus 200, 300, for example the controller 185 and temperature sensors 180a, 180b, the additional beverage lines and / or the additional heat exchange units.

[0245] Figure 4b is a schematic of a beverage cooling apparatus 500 according to an embodiment of the invention. The beverage cooling apparatus 500 shown in Figure 4b is the same as the beverage cooling apparatus 100a shown in Figure 1a, however the components have been rearranged. In apparatus 500, the beverage line A passes through the python 140 before it enters the first heat exchange unit 160. In addition, the first heat exchange unit 160 and the refrigeration unit 150 are positioned on the same side of the python 140 as the tap 130. For example, the first heat exchange unit 160 and the refrigeration unit 150 are positioned under the bar 175. It will be appreciated that this apparatus could be combined with features of the previously described apparatus 200, 300, for example the controller 185 and temperature sensors 180a, 180b, the additional beverage lines and / or the additional heat exchange units.

[0246] Figure 5 is a schematic of the heat exchange units 160, 170. The heat exchange units 160, 170 include a coolant tank 405 into which coolant enters through the coolant delivery tube 415 and leaves through a coolant pick-up tube 425. The coolant circuit may be completed by connected coolant circuit tubing to the coolant delivery tube 415 and coolant pick-up tube 425. The coolant fills the coolant tank 405 and contact the beverage coil 435. The beverage coil 435 is a portion of the beverage line, which is positioned in the heat exchange unit 160, 170. The beverage in the beverage line enters the heat exchange unit 160, 170 through coil entry point 445 which is connected to a portion of the beverage line and leaves the heat exchange unit 160, 170 through coil exit point 455 which is connected to another portion of the beverage line. The beverage coil 435 is coiled to increase the amount of time that the beverage in the beverage line is in contact with the coolant in the coolant tank 405 by increasing the contact surface area between the coolant and the beverage in the beverage line. The heat exchange unit 160, 170 is insulated by a foam insulation layer 465 which in turn is surrounded by an outer casing 475. Although not shown in Figure 4a, there may up to 6 beverage coils in this exemplary heat exchange unit.

[0247] Figure 6 is a schematic of the refrigeration unit 150. The refrigeration unit 150 includes a coolant pump 505. The coolant pump 505 is a variable coolant pump and is responsible for pumping coolant around the coolant circuit. Line 555 represents the input of the coolant circuit into the refrigeration unit 150 and line 565 represents the output of the coolant circuit as it leaves the refrigeration unit 150.

[0248] The refrigeration unit 150 includes a heat exchanger 535 which cools the coolant after it enters the refrigeration unit 150 having absorbed heat from the beverage in the beverage lines A, B. The heat exchanger 535 exchanges heat with the coolant using a refrigerant. The refrigerant passes through refrigerant circuit 575.

[0249] The refrigerant circuit 575 includes the variable speed compressor 515, the refrigerant condenser 525, and the heat exchanger 535. The compressor 515 increases the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant and the condenser 525 decreases the temperature of the refrigerant.

[0250] The refrigeration unit 150 includes a commissioning and purge tank 545. The commissioning and purge tank 445 is used to remove unwanted gas, such as oxygen from the coolant circuit.

[0251] Figure 7 is a flowchart of a method 600 of using the apparatus 100a, 100b, 200, 300 or 400. The method 600 is a method of installing the beverage cooling apparatus 100a, 100b, 200, 300 or 400. The method 600 comprises providing 610 a refrigeration unit to cool the coolant and providing 620 first heat exchange unit in a physically separate housing to the refrigeration unit 150, so they can be located in a desired location depending on the set up of the premises.

[0252] The method 600 comprises providing 630 a coolant circuit which circulates coolant. The coolant circuit is provided through the refrigeration unit and the first heat exchange unit and the first conduit. The method 600 comprises the method step 640 of connecting 640 a beverage line. The beverage line is connected between a beverage container and a beverage dispenser. The method 600 comprises the method step 650 of providing a first conduit through which the first beverage line and the coolant circuit pass.

[0253] The method 600 may comprise the method steps 660, 670, 680 shown in a dashed box, particularly when installing the apparatus 300. That is, the method 600 includes providing 660 a second beverage line which is arranged to bypass the first heat exchange unit and the refrigeration unit. The method step 670 includes providing a second heat exchange unit configured to receive the second beverage line. The coolant circuit is arranged to pass through the second heat exchange unit to cool the beverage in the second beverage line. The second heat exchange unit is provided in a physically separate housing from the refrigeration unit and the first heat exchange unit.

[0254] The method 600 comprises providing 680 a third beverage line to transmit a beverage from a source to a dispenser which bypasses the heat exchange units and passes through the first conduit to thereby cause a single heat exchange stage between the heat exchange fluid circuit and the third beverage line in the first conduit.

[0255] Figure 8 is a flowchart of a method 700 of using the apparatus 200 or 300 or any other apparatus comprising temperature sensors 180a, 180b and the controller 185. The method 700 comprises determining 710 the temperature of the coolant in the coolant circuit when the coolant enters the refrigeration unit. The temperature is measured by a temperature sensor which measures the temperature of the coolant when it has returned to the refrigeration unit and has not yet reached the heat exchanger in the refrigeration unit. The method 700 comprises determining 720 the temperature of the coolant in the coolant circuit when the coolant exits the refrigeration unit. The temperature is measured by a temperature sensor which measures the temperature of the coolant when it has passed through the heat exchanger in the refrigeration unit and before it has reached the first heat exchange unit.

[0256] The method 700 then comprises determining 730 a temperature differential between the two measurements. The temperature differential indicates how much heat has been transferred from the beverage to the coolant and therefore how much cooling has of the beverage has been achieved. The method 700 uses the temperature differential to vary 740 the flow of coolant in the coolant circuit to prioritise heat transfer to a particular beverage line. For example, where the coolant temperature differential indicates that the particular beverage was not cooled sufficiently, the speed of the coolant pump or compressor can be increased so that the coolant is able to further cool the beverage. Conversely, if the coolant temperature differential indicates that the particular beverage was cooled too much, the speed of the coolant pump or compressor can be decreased so that the coolant is cools the beverage to a lesser extent. If the temperature differential is within an expected threshold, then the condenser may be turned off, thereby saving energy usage and reducing energy consumption.

[0257] In other examples, the method may comprise determining (e.g. measuring) a temperature of the coolant in the coolant circuit at a single point within the coolant circuit. The method may comprise comparing the measured temperature of the coolant in the coolant circuit to a predetermined temperature setpoint of the coolant in the coolant circuit. The method may comprise varying the flow of coolant in the coolant circuit dependence on the comparison.

[0258] Figure 9 is a schematic of controller according to an embodiment of the invention. The controller 185 comprises one or more processors 820 and a non-transitory computer readable memory 830. The non-transitory computer readable memory 830 stores instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors 820, causes operation of the methods described herein. The controller 185 is part of the beverage cooling apparatus 200, 300 at least. The controller 185 exchanges and / or transmits data and / or control signals 825 with other components of the beverage cooling apparatus 200, 300. In this example, the controller 185 transmits the control signals to the compressor 515, being among the other components of the beverage cooling apparatus 200, 300. The controller 185 causes the operation of the compressor 515 and the pump 505.

[0259] The invention apparatus uses a relatively long and relatively low flow resistance path for the coolant through the heat exchange unit or units, and python. We have found that it is advantageous to reduce the flow resistance through the heat exchanger 535 of the refrigeration unit 150. Figures 10a through 10c show an example heat exchanger 535 which has a lower flow resistance path for the coolant than typical heat exchangers using, for example a brazed plate.

[0260] The evaporator coil 536, which received gaseous refrigerant in use, winds around a rectangular central volume 537, within a rectangular tank 538 having inner walls 539 which define the rectangular central volume and outer 540 walls. The inner and outer walls define a rectangular jacket through which coolant in the coolant circuit flows between an inlet 541 and outlet 542. The inner and outer walls are spaced apart from the evaporator coil providing a coolant circulation space 534. The evaporator coil has an inlet 543 and outlet 544 for gaseous refrigerant and has a flattened rectangular loop form. The jacket present low flow resistance to coolant flowing between inlet 541 and 542 and so maintains a low flow resistance around the coolant circuit, minimising the power consumption of the coolant pump 505. Other components of the refrigeration unit shown in Figure 6, such as the coolant pump 505, can be located within the central volume 537, providing a compact arrangement.

[0261] Figure 11 is a schematic of the refrigeration unit 1150. The refrigeration unit 1150 includes a coolant pump 1105. The coolant pump 1105 is a variable speed coolant pump and is responsible for pumping coolant around the coolant circuit. Line 1155 represents the input of the coolant circuit into the refrigeration unit 1150 from the python, through the variable speed pump 1105 and to the heat exchanger 1135. Line 1165 represents the output of the coolant circuit as it leaves the refrigeration unit 1150 and enters the heat exchange units. The coolant circuit comes into thermal contact with the refrigeration circuit in the heat exchanger 1135.

[0262] The refrigeration unit 1150 includes a heat exchanger 1135 which cools the coolant after it enters the refrigeration unit 1150 having absorbed heat from a beverage. The heat exchanger 1135 exchanges heat with the coolant using a refrigerant. The refrigerant leaves the heat exchanger 1135 through refrigerant circuit portion 1177 and flows through the variable speed compressor 1115.

[0263] The refrigerant flows from the variable speed compressor 1115 along refrigeration circuit portion 1176 to the refrigerant condenser 1125. The compressor 1115 increases the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant and the condenser 1125 decreases the temperature of the refrigerant. The refrigerant flows along refrigerant circuit portion 1175 into the heat exchanger 1135. The refrigeration unit 1150 includes a temperature sensor 1185 which measures the temperature of the coolant in the coolant circuit as it enters the refrigeration unit on line 1155. The control lines 1181 , 1182, 1183 are control lines of the controller 1180. The controller 1180 receives signals from the temperature sensor 1185 along control line 1182 indicative of the temperature of the coolant in the coolant circuit. The controller transmits to and receives signals from the compressor 1115 along control line 1183. The controller transmits signals to the pump 1105 along control line 1181. The refrigeration unit 1150 also includes a commissioning and purge tank 1145.

[0264] Figure 12a is a flowchart illustrating a method 1200 of operating a refrigeration unit, for example the refrigeration unit 1150. The method 1200 comprises measuring 1210 the temperature of the coolant in the coolant circuit as the coolant returns to the refrigeration unit 1150. The method 1200 comprises maintaining 1220 the temperature of the coolant at a threshold temperature. This is achieved by controlling the variable speed pump 1105 and the variable speed compressor 1115. These components are controlled independently of one another depending on the measured temperature of the coolant. In this way, the energy consumption of the refrigeration unit 1150 is adapted depending on the requirements of the refrigeration unit. In this example, the threshold temperature is 0°C + / - 0.5°C (i.e. a range of -0.5°C to 0.5°C).

[0265] The example method 1200 includes an optional method step of operating 1205 in a power-up mode. When the variable speed compressor is first powered, the method 1200 comprises operating 1240 in a power-up mode. In the power-up mode, the variable speed compressor incrementally increases from a first compressor speed to a second compressor speed. The incremental increase takes place over a first predetermined time period. In this example, the compressor is initially powered on and operates at a first compressor speed of 3900 rpm for 15 minutes in a first stage of the power-up mode. Then, the compressor speed is increased to an intermediate speed of 4200 rpm and operates at this speed for a first predetermined time period of 15 minutes, in a second stage of the power-up mode. Finally, the compressor speed increases to a second compressor speed of 4500 rpm in a final stage of the power-up mode and operates at this speed until the temperature of the coolant is lower than the threshold temperature. The method step 1220 is shown in more detail in the flowchart in Figure 12b and comprises selectively operating 1230 the variable speed pump in a coolant temperature maintenance mode or a coolant temperature adjustment mode. In the coolant temperature maintenance mode, the variable speed pump operates at a first pump speed. In the coolant temperature adjustment mode, the variable speed pump operates at a second pump speed. In this example, the first pump speed may be 1 litres per minute and the second pump speed may be 6 litres per minute.

[0266] When the measured temperature of the coolant is outside of the -0.5°C to 0.5°C threshold temperature range, the variable speed pump operates in the coolant temperature adjustment mode to bring the temperature of the coolant back to the threshold temperature range. This is achieved by increasing the pump speed so that a greater volume of coolant is used to cool any beverage in the system in which the refrigeration unit is installed.

[0267] When the measured temperature of the coolant is within the -0.5°C to 0.5°C threshold temperature range, the variable speed pump operates in the coolant temperature maintenance mode to keep the temperature of the coolant at the threshold temperature range. This is achieved by operating the pump at a low pump speed so that a smaller volume of coolant is used to cool any beverage in the system in which the refrigeration unit is installed.

[0268] When the measured temperature of the coolant is outside of the -0.5°C to 0.5°C threshold temperature range, the method comprises providing power to variable speed compressor. When the measured temperature of the coolant is not outside of the - 0.5°C to 0.5°C threshold temperature range, the method comprises not providing power to variable speed compressor. In this way, the variable speed compressor is only operated when the measured temperature is not equal to the threshold temperature range.

[0269] Part of the method step 1220 comprises operating 1240 in a first operating mode. In the first operating mode, the speed of the variable speed compressor is selected in dependence on the previous duty cycle of the variable speed compressor.

[0270] The duty cycle of the compressor is set by an internal compressor controller executing compressor control logic. Depending on the comparison of the previous duty cycle to a given parameter, the method 1220 comprises: decreasing 1251 the compressor speed, maintaining 1252 the compressor speed and increasing 1253 the compressor speed.

[0271] In this example, when the previous duty cycle of the variable speed compressor is less than a first duty cycle threshold, the compressor speed of the variable speed compressor is reduced.

[0272] When the previous duty cycle of the variable speed compressor is greater than a second duty cycle threshold, the compressor speed of the variable speed compressor is maintained.

[0273] When the on time of the variable speed compressor is equal to or greater than a second predetermined time period, the compressor speed of the variable speed compressor is increased to a third compressor speed.

[0274] When the off time of the variable speed compressor in the previous cycle is greater than the off time of the variable speed compressor in the current cycle, the compressor speed of the variable speed compressor is increased to a third compressor speed in the next cycle.

[0275] Figure 13a to 13c are graphs depicting the compressor speed during operation of methods according to an embodiment of the invention. The graphs are not to scale. Figure 13a shows, in section I, a first stage A, second stage B and final stage C of the power-up mode, where the speed of the compressor increases from a first speed to a second speed. Figure 13a also shows, in section II, the compressor operating in the first operating mode.

[0276] In Figure 13a, the duty cycle of the compressor in section II is 50%. The first duty cycle threshold is 70%. Therefore, at each cycle (each denoted by a double ended arrow), the speed of the compressor is reduced because the duty cycle of the compressor is less than 70%.

[0277] In Figure 13b, there are two sections III and IV shown on the graph. In the last cycle of section III, the off time of the compressor (shown by arrow E) is less than the off time of the compressor in the previous cycle (shown by arrow D). As a result of this, the speed of the compressor increases in section IV. In section IV, the duty cycle of the compressor is greater than the second duty cycle threshold of 70%. Thus the speed of the compressor is maintained in section IV.

[0278] In Figure 13c, in the last duty cycle of the compressor, the compressor has an on time (shown by arrow F) which is longer than the second predetermined time period (which for example is 20 minutes). Therefore, the speed of the compressor is increased as shown at arrow G.

[0279] Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the words “comprise” and “contain” and variations of them mean “including but not limited to”, and they are not intended to and do not exclude other components, integers, or steps. Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the singular encompasses the plural unless the context otherwise requires. In particular, where the indefinite article is used, the specification is to be understood as contemplating plurality as well as singularity, unless the context requires otherwise.

[0280] Features, integers, characteristics, or groups described in conjunction with a particular aspect, embodiment, or example of the invention are to be understood to be applicable to any other aspect, embodiment or example described herein unless incompatible therewith. All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and / or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and / or steps are mutually exclusive. The invention is not restricted to the details of any foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.

Claims

Claims1. A refrigeration unit for a beverage temperature regulation apparatus, the refrigeration unit comprising: a variable speed pump configured to control the flow of coolant through a coolant circuit; a variable speed compressor configured to control the flow of refrigerant through a refrigerant circuit; a heat exchanger configured to allow heat exchange by thermal communication between the coolant in the coolant circuit and the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit; a temperature sensor configured to measure the temperature of the coolant in the coolant circuit; and a controller configured to maintain the temperature of the coolant at a threshold temperature by controlling the variable speed pump and the variable speed compressor, independently of one another, in dependence on the temperature of the coolant measured by temperature sensor.

2. The refrigeration unit of claim 1 , wherein the speed of the variable speed compressor is controlled separately to the duty cycle of the variable speed compressor.

3. The refrigeration unit of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the temperature sensor is configured to measure the temperature of the coolant before the coolant enters the heat exchanger.

4. The refrigeration unit of any preceding claim, wherein the variable speed pump is configured to selectively operate in: a coolant temperature maintenance mode, in which the variable speed pump operates at a first pump speed; and a coolant temperature adjustment mode in which the variable speed pump operates at a second pump speed, the first pump speed lower than the second pump speed.

5. The refrigeration unit of claim 4, wherein the controller is configured to control the variable speed pump to operate:in the coolant temperature adjustment mode when the temperature of the coolant measured by the temperature sensor is not equal to the threshold temperature, and / or in the coolant temperature maintenance mode when the temperature of the coolant measured by the temperature sensor is equal to the threshold temperature.

6. The refrigeration unit of any preceding claim, wherein the controller is configured to only provide power to the variable speed compressor when the temperature of the coolant measured by the temperature sensor is not equal to the threshold temperature.

7. The refrigeration unit of any preceding claim, wherein the variable speed compressor is configured to operate in a power-up mode when the variable speed compressor is initially powered on, wherein, in the power-up mode, the variable speed compressor is configured to operate at a first compressor speed and incrementally increase to a second compressor speed over a first predetermined time period.

8. The refrigeration unit of any preceding claim, wherein the variable speed compressor is configured to operate in a first operating mode in which the speed of the variable speed compressor is selected in dependence on the previous duty cycle of the variable speed compressor.

9. The refrigeration unit of claim 8, wherein, when the previous duty cycle of the variable speed compressor is less than a first duty cycle threshold, the controller is configured to reduce the compressor speed of the variable speed compressor.

10. The refrigeration unit of claim 8 or claim 9, wherein, when the previous duty cycle of the variable speed compressor is equal to or greater than a second duty cycle threshold, the controller is configured to maintain the compressor speed of the variable speed compressor.

11. The refrigeration unit of claim 8, wherein, if the on time of the variable speed compressor is equal to or greater than a second predetermined time period, thecontroller is configured to increase the compressor speed of the variable speed compressor to a third compressor speed.

12. The refrigeration unit of claim 8, wherein, if the off time of the variable speed compressor in the previous cycle is greater than the off time of the variable speed compressor in the current cycle, the controller is configured to increase the compressor speed of the variable speed compressor to a third compressor speed in the next cycle.

13. The refrigeration unit of any preceding claim, wherein the heat exchanger comprises an evaporator coil with multiple turns as part of the refrigeration circuit, and a jacket around the evaporator coil, having an inlet and an outlet, to allow the coolant in the coolant circuit to flow through the jacket in thermal communication with the multiple turns of the evaporator coil through which the refrigerant flows.

14. The refrigeration unit of claim 13, wherein the evaporator coil and jacket have a rectangular cross section.

15. A method of operating a refrigeration unit for a beverage temperature regulation apparatus, the refrigeration unit comprising: a variable speed pump configured to control the flow of coolant through a coolant circuit; a variable speed compressor configured to control the flow of refrigerant through a refrigerant circuit; a heat exchanger configured to allow heat exchange by thermal communication between the coolant in the coolant circuit and the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit; and a temperature sensor, the method comprising: measuring the temperature of the coolant in the coolant circuit; and maintaining the temperature of the coolant at a threshold temperature by controlling the variable speed pump and the variable speed compressor, independently of one another, in dependence on the temperature of the coolant measured by temperature sensor.

16. The method of claim 15, comprising controlling the speed of the variable speed compressor separately to the duty cycle of the variable speed compressor.

17. The method of claim 15 or claim 16, comprising measuring the temperature of the coolant before the coolant enters the heat exchanger.

18. The method of any of claims 15 to 17, comprising selectively operating the variable speed pump in: a coolant temperature maintenance mode, in which the variable speed pump operates at a first pump speed; and a coolant temperature adjustment mode in which the variable speed pump operates at a second pump speed, the first pump speed lower than the second pump speed.

19. The method of claim 18, comprising controlling the variable speed pump to operate: in the coolant temperature adjustment mode when the temperature of the coolant measured by the temperature sensor is not equal to the threshold temperature, and / or in the coolant temperature maintenance mode when the temperature of the coolant measured by the temperature sensor is equal to the threshold temperature.

20. The method of any of claims 15 to 19, comprising only providing power to the variable speed compressor when the temperature of the coolant measured by the temperature sensor is not equal to the threshold temperature.

21. The method of any of claims 15 to 20, comprising operating in a power-up mode when the variable speed compressor is initially powered on, wherein, in the power-up mode, the method comprises operating the variable speed compressor at a first compressor speed and incrementally increasing to a second compressor speed over a first predetermined time period.

22. The method of any of claims 15 to 21 , comprising operating in a first operating mode in which the speed of the variable speed compressor is selected in dependence on the previous duty cycle of the variable speed compressor.

23. The method of claim 22, comprising, when the previous duty cycle of the variable speed compressor is less than a first duty cycle threshold, reducing the compressor speed of the variable speed compressor.

24. The method of claim 22 or claim 23, comprising, when the previous duty cycle of the variable speed compressor is equal to or greater than a second duty cycle threshold, maintaining the compressor speed of the variable speed compressor.

25. The method of claim 22, comprising, if the on time of the variable speed compressor is equal to or greater than a second predetermined time period, increasing the compressor speed of the variable speed compressor to a third compressor speed.

26. The method of claim 22, comprising, if the off time of the variable speed compressor in the previous cycle is greater than the off time of the variable speed compressor in the current cycle, increasing the compressor speed of the variable speed compressor to a third compressor speed in the next cycle.

27. A beverage temperature regulation apparatus comprising: the refrigeration unit as claimed in any preceding claim; a coolant circuit to circulate coolant to exchange heat with a beverage; a first beverage line to transmit a beverage from a source to a dispenser; a first heat exchange unit configured to receive the first beverage line, wherein each of: the cooler and the first heat exchange unit are provided in physically separate housings; and a first conduit to receive the first beverage line and the coolant circuit in thermal communication with one another in the first conduit and wherein the coolant circuit passes through: the cooler, the first heat exchange unit and the first conduit.

28. The beverage temperature regulation apparatus of claim 27, wherein the first beverage line passes through: the first heat exchange unit and the first conduit, and bypasses the heater or cooler.

29. The beverage temperature regulation apparatus of claim 27 or claim 28, comprising the dispenser and wherein the refrigeration unit and the dispenser are located on the same end of the first conduit and the first heat exchange unit is located at the opposite end of the first conduit to the refrigeration unit and the dispenser.

30. The beverage temperature regulation apparatus of any of claims 27 to 29, comprising a second beverage line to transmit a beverage from a source to a dispenser, wherein the second beverage line passes through the first conduit and bypasses the first heat exchange unit and the refrigeration unit; and / or a second conduit to receive a beverage line and the coolant circuit in thermal communication with one another in the second conduit.

31. A premises for providing beverages having an apparatus according to any of claims 27 to 30.

32. A premises according to claim 31 , comprising a beverage dispenser to dispense the beverage in at least one of the beverage lines, wherein the refrigeration unit is located at a shorter distance to the beverage dispenser than the first heat exchange unit is located to the refrigeration unit.

33. A kit of parts comprising for assembling the beverage temperature regulation apparatus of any of claims 27 to 30: a refrigeration unit configured to regulate the temperature of coolant in a coolant circuit; and a heat exchange unit configured to receive a beverage line, wherein each of: the refrigeration unit and the first heat exchange unit are provided in physically separate housings.

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