Image display method and related device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of automotive electronics, and in particular relates to an image display method and a related device. The method comprises: on the basis of a preset eyebox partitioning scheme, simulating a left eye test image and a right eye test image of an image to be displayed; acquiring a reference eye-point spacing corresponding to a left eye reference image and a right eye reference image, and determining an offset of a test eye-point spacing relative to the reference eye-point spacing, the test eye-point spacing corresponding to the left eye test image and the right eye test image; on the basis of the offset, adjusting a distance between a light splitting surface of a light splitting element and a pixel array, so that the test eye-point spacing approaches the reference eye-point spacing; and, on the basis of the preset eyebox partitioning scheme, the adjusted light splitting element, and an adjusted liquid crystal panel, displaying the image to be displayed. The distance between the light splitting surface of a lenticular grating and the pixel array is decreased while the number of pixels covered by each light splitting unit is reduced, thereby reducing the textured appearance in 3D imaging of the image to be displayed, improving resolution, rendering the image smooth and clear, and enhancing user experience.

Description

Image display method and related equipment

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on March 26, 2024, with application number 202410352709.1, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of automotive electronics technology, for example, to an image display method and related equipment. Background Art

[0003] A head-up display (HUD) is a comprehensive electronic display device composed of electronic components, display components, and controllers. It can accurately project dashboard information, navigation information, warning information, etc., obtained by analyzing vehicle and road conditions using intelligent driving sensors, onto the vehicle's front windshield or display in the form of images and characters.

[0004] Through optical design of the HUD system, a 3D HUD can be achieved, allowing users to directly view three-dimensional images with a sense of depth without wearing dedicated 3D glasses. For example, by placing a beam splitter in front of the LCD screen, the image light emitted by the LCD screen is split by the beam splitter, then reflected by a mirror assembly and enters the user's left and right eyes respectively. This allows the left and right eyes to see different images, which are then merged into a 3D effect in the brain.

[0005] However, the imaging effects of many 3D HUDs will cause users to see textured images in the eye box, with poor resolution, which affects the visual effect and leads to a poor user experience. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, on the one hand, the present application provides an image display method applicable to a head-up display device, wherein the head-up display device includes a liquid crystal screen and a light-splitting element, and the liquid crystal screen includes a pixel array. The method includes:

[0007] According to a preset eye box partition scheme, a left eye test image and a right eye test image of the image to be displayed are simulated; the preset eye box partition scheme represents the number of pixels covered by each spectral unit in the spectral element;

[0008] Obtaining a reference eye point distance corresponding to the left eye reference image and the right eye reference image, and determining an offset of the test eye point distance corresponding to the left eye test image and the right eye test image relative to the reference eye point distance;

[0009] Based on the offset, adjusting the distance between the beam splitting surface of the beam splitting element and the pixel array so that the test eye point distance approaches the reference eye point distance;

[0010] Based on the preset eye box partitioning scheme and the adjusted light splitting element and liquid crystal screen, the image to be displayed is displayed.

[0011] Furthermore, the liquid crystal screen includes a first polarizer and a liquid crystal layer disposed above the pixel array, and a second polarizer disposed below the pixel array; and adjusting the distance between the light-splitting surface of the light-splitting element and the pixel array based on the offset includes:

[0012] Laminating the light splitting element on top of the first polarizer in the forward direction; the forward direction is the direction in which the light splitting surface faces;

[0013] Based on the offset, the thickness of the material between the spectrometer and the pixel array is reduced to shorten the distance between the spectrometer's spectroscopic surface and the pixel array, so that the test eyepoint distance approaches the reference eyepoint distance. The material includes the adhesive layer between the spectrometer and the LCD screen, and the base of the spectrometer.

[0014] Furthermore, adjusting the distance between the light splitting surface of the light splitting element and the pixel array based on the offset further includes:

[0015] Laminating the light splitting element on top of the liquid crystal layer in a forward direction and laminating the first polarizer on top of the light splitting element to reduce the distance between the light splitting surface of the light splitting element and the pixel array;

[0016] Based on the offset, the thickness of the material between the beam splitter and the pixel array is adjusted to make the test eye point distance close to the reference eye point distance.

[0017] Furthermore, adjusting the distance between the light splitting surface of the light splitting element and the pixel array based on the offset further includes:

[0018] Laminating the light splitting element in reverse order on top of the first polarizer;

[0019] Based on the offset, the material thickness between the beam splitter element and the pixel array is reduced to shorten the distance between the beam splitter surface of the beam splitter element and the pixel array, so that the test eye point distance approaches the reference eye point distance.

[0020] Furthermore, adjusting the distance between the light splitting surface of the light splitting element and the pixel array based on the offset further includes:

[0021] Laminating the light splitting element in reverse on top of the liquid crystal layer, and laminating the first polarizer on top of the light splitting element to reduce the distance between the light splitting surface of the light splitting element and the middle pixel array;

[0022] Based on the offset, the thickness of the material between the beam splitter and the pixel array is adjusted to make the test eye point distance close to the reference eye point distance.

[0023] Furthermore, the liquid crystal screen includes a second polarizer and a liquid crystal layer disposed above the pixel array, and a first polarizer disposed below the pixel array. Adjusting the distance between the light-splitting surface of the light-splitting element and the pixel array based on the offset further includes:

[0024] Laminating the light splitting element on top of the second polarizer in the forward direction;

[0025] Based on the offset, the thickness of the material between the spectrometer and the pixel array is reduced to shorten the distance between the spectrometer's spectrometer surface and the pixel array, bringing the test eye distance closer to the reference eye distance. The materials include a liquid crystal layer, an adhesive layer between the spectrometer and the LCD, and a substrate for the spectrometer.

[0026] Furthermore, adjusting the distance between the light splitting surface of the light splitting element and the pixel array based on the offset further includes:

[0027] Laminating the light splitting element on the top of the liquid crystal layer in the forward direction and laminating the second polarizer on the top of the light splitting element to reduce the distance between the light splitting surface of the light splitting element and the pixel array;

[0028] Based on the offset, the thickness of the material between the beam splitter and the pixel array is adjusted to make the test eye point distance close to the reference eye point distance.

[0029] Furthermore, adjusting the distance between the light splitting surface of the light splitting element and the pixel array based on the offset further includes:

[0030] Laminating the light splitting element in reverse order on top of the second polarizer;

[0031] Based on the offset, the material thickness between the beam splitter element and the pixel array is reduced to shorten the distance between the beam splitter surface of the beam splitter element and the pixel array, so that the test eye point distance approaches the reference eye point distance.

[0032] Furthermore, adjusting the distance between the light splitting surface of the light splitting element and the pixel array based on the offset further includes:

[0033] Laminating the light splitting element in reverse on top of the liquid crystal layer, and laminating the second polarizer on top of the light splitting element to reduce the distance between the light splitting surface of the light splitting element and the pixel array;

[0034] Based on the offset, the thickness of the material between the beam splitter and the pixel array is adjusted to make the test eye point distance close to the reference eye point distance.

[0035] Furthermore, the image display method further includes:

[0036] A dielectric layer is filled between the beam splitting units in the beam splitting element, and the refractive index of the dielectric layer is lower than the refractive index of the beam splitting element.

[0037] Furthermore, based on the preset eye box partitioning scheme and the adjusted light splitting element and liquid crystal screen, displaying the image to be displayed includes:

[0038] Determining the luminous state of each pixel in the pixel array based on a preset eye box partitioning scheme;

[0039] Based on the luminous state of each pixel, the liquid crystal screen is lit, so that the light emitted by the liquid crystal screen is split by the adjusted light splitting element to form an image to be displayed.

[0040] In another aspect, the present application provides an image display device, comprising:

[0041] a simulation module configured to simulate and obtain a left-eye test image and a right-eye test image of an image to be displayed according to a preset eye box partitioning scheme; the preset eye box partitioning scheme represents the number of pixels covered by each spectroscopic unit in the spectroscopic element;

[0042] a calculation module configured to obtain a reference eyepoint distance corresponding to the left-eye reference image and the right-eye reference image, and determine an offset of the test eyepoint distance corresponding to the left-eye test image and the right-eye test image relative to the reference eyepoint distance;

[0043] An optimization module is configured to adjust the distance between the light splitting surface of the light splitting element and the pixel array based on the offset so that the test eye point distance approaches the reference eye point distance;

[0044] The display module is configured to display the image to be displayed based on a preset eye box partitioning scheme and an adjusted light splitting element and a liquid crystal screen.

[0045] On the other hand, the present application provides a head-up display device, comprising: a liquid crystal screen, a light-splitting element, a memory, and a processor;

[0046] The liquid crystal screen is configured to display an image to be displayed; the liquid crystal screen comprises a first polarizer, a liquid crystal layer, a pixel array, and a second polarizer;

[0047] The beam splitter element is disposed opposite to the liquid crystal screen, and is configured to refract imaging light of an image to be displayed emitted by the liquid crystal screen so that the imaging light is incident on different areas of the eye box along different directions;

[0048] The memory is configured to store processor executable instructions;

[0049] The processor is configured to execute instructions to implement the image display method described above.

[0050] On the other hand, the present application provides a vehicle, characterized in that the vehicle includes the head-up display device as described above.

[0051] On the other hand, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the storage medium stores at least one instruction or at least one program, and the at least one instruction or at least one program is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the image display method as described above.

[0052] By adopting the above technical solution, the image display method provided by this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0053] During the design of a 3D HUD, the present application simulates and obtains left-eye and right-eye test images of the image to be displayed according to a preset eyebox partitioning scheme; the preset eyebox partitioning scheme represents the number of pixels covered by each spectroscopic unit in the spectroscopic element; obtains a reference eyepoint spacing corresponding to the left-eye reference image and the right-eye reference image, and determines the offset of the test eyepoint spacing corresponding to the left-eye test image and the right-eye test image relative to the reference eyepoint spacing; based on the offset, adjusts the distance between the spectroscopic surface of the spectroscopic element and the pixel array so that the test eyepoint spacing approaches the reference eyepoint spacing; and displays the image to be displayed based on the preset eyebox partitioning scheme, the adjusted spectroscopic element, and the liquid crystal display. In this way, while reducing the number of pixels covered by each spectroscopic unit, the distance between the spectroscopic surface of the lenticular lens grating and the pixel array is reduced, so that the test eyepoint spacing approaches the reference eyepoint spacing, reducing the texture of the 3D imaging of the image to be displayed, improving the resolution, making the image smooth and clear, and enhancing the user experience. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an image display method based on a head-up display device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of a naked-eye 3D display technology provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a head-up display system for implementing a 3D HUD provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the light splitting principle of a light splitting element provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] FIG5 is a schematic flow chart of an image display method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an image display unit of a head-up display device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0060] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of an imaging light path of an eye box partitioning scheme provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0061] FIG8(a)-FIG8(b) are schematic diagrams of the imaging principle of lenticular gratings covering different numbers of pixels provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0062] FIG9(a) to FIG9(c) are schematic diagrams of light splitting paths when a lenticular grating covers different numbers of pixels, provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0063] 10( a )-10 ( b ) are schematic diagrams of parallax images with different numbers of pixels covered by a lenticular lens provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0064] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of image parallax before and after changing the position of the lenticular lens grating according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0065] FIG12(a)-FIG12(b) are schematic diagrams illustrating the relationship between the reduction in the number of sub-pixels covered by the grating and the change in eye-point spacing provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0066] FIG13 is a schematic diagram of simulation results of a head-up display device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0067] FIG14 is a schematic diagram of an image display unit of a head-up display device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0068] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of the structure between a lenticular lens and a pixel array provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0069] FIG16 is a schematic diagram of simulation results of another head-up display device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0070] FIG17 is a schematic diagram of an image display unit of another head-up display device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0071] FIG18 is a schematic diagram of an image display unit of another head-up display device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0072] FIG19 is a schematic diagram of the structure between another lenticular lens and a pixel array provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0073] FIG20 is a schematic diagram of simulation results of another head-up display device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0074] FIG21 is a schematic diagram of an image display unit of another head-up display device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0075] FIG22 is a schematic diagram of the structure between another lenticular lens grating and a pixel array provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0076] FIG23 is a schematic diagram of simulation results of another head-up display device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0077] 24-27 are schematic diagrams of various optional image display units of heads-up display devices provided in embodiments of the present application;

[0078] FIG28 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an LCD screen of another head-up display device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0079] 29 to 36 are schematic diagrams of various optional image display units of heads-up display devices provided in embodiments of the present application;

[0080] FIG37( a ) and FIG37 ( b ) are comparative diagrams of 3D imaging effects of a head-up display device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0081] FIG38 is a schematic structural diagram of an image display device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0082] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0083] References to "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refer to specific features, structures, or characteristics that may be included in at least one implementation of the present application. Throughout the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "top," and "bottom," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely for ease of description and simplification. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features indicated. Thus, a feature designated "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc. are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequential sequence. It should be understood that such terms are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0084] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario for an image display method based on a head-up display device in a possible embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 1, the application scenario is a vehicle, which is equipped with a head-up display device (HUD). The HUD is a comprehensive electronic display device composed of electronic components, display components, and a controller. It can project information such as vehicle speed, navigation information, and warnings in the form of images and characters through optical components in front of the user, for example, onto the windshield. The user can view the virtual image formed by the image source reflected by reflectors 1 and 2 on the windshield.

[0085] It should be noted that FIG1 is only an exemplary scenario. In other scenarios, other implementation environments may also be included, such as airplanes, high-speed trains, etc.

[0086] 3D HUD utilizes glasses-free 3D display technology, allowing users to view three-dimensional images directly with the naked eye without the need for specialized 3D glasses. There are various ways to achieve glasses-free 3D, such as attaching a slit grating or lenticular grating to an LCD screen. This grating technology separates the pixels covered by the grating into pixels for the user's left and right eyes, resulting in different images for the left and right eyes, creating parallax. This is then integrated into the 3D image through the brain.

[0087] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of naked-eye 3D display technology. As shown in Figure 2, through the optical design of the HUD system, the user's left eye sees image I1 and the right eye sees image I2. Images I1 and I2 are combined in the user's brain to create a three-dimensional image with a sense of depth. By varying the position between the two images and adjusting the binocular parallax, the user's subjective perception of the virtual image distance can be altered (in reality, the virtual image distance remains constant). The closer the two images are, the closer the user perceives the virtual image distance to be. Conversely, the farther the two images are apart, the farther the user perceives the virtual image distance to be.

[0088] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a head-up display system for implementing a 3D HUD in a possible embodiment of the present application. This embodiment uses a lenticular lens as an example of a beam splitter. The head-up display system shown in Figure 3 includes an image source (backlight module and LCD screen), a beam splitter (lenticular lens) attached to the image source, and a reflector assembly (reflector 1, reflector 2). In some possible implementations, reflector 1 can be a flat mirror or a free-form curved mirror, and reflector 2 can be a free-form curved mirror. Note that curved mirrors are essential in the reflector assembly.

[0089] The lenticular lens grating, attached to the image source, is a spectroscopic element composed of a series of cylindrical lenses. The spectroscopic principle is shown in Figure 4. Image light from the LCD screen is refracted by the lenticular lens grating, resulting in different emission angles. After reflection from the reflector assembly and the imaging structure (such as a vehicle's windshield), the user's left and right eyes see two groups of pixels, respectively, creating parallax and allowing them to view images with a 3D effect. However, with current 3D display technology, the spectroscopic strategy of the spectroscopic element has certain drawbacks. Specifically, when users view images with a 3D effect, the image appears textured to the naked eye, resulting in a poor visual experience and a negative impact on the user's viewing experience.

[0090] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the related art, the present application proposes an image display method, which is suitable for head-up display devices to solve the problem of texture in 3D imaging, thereby providing users with high-quality 3D visual effects.

[0091] 5 , which is a flow chart of an image display method of the present application, including the following steps:

[0092] S501 , simulating and obtaining a left-eye test image and a right-eye test image of an image to be displayed according to a preset eye box partitioning scheme; the preset eye box partitioning scheme represents the number of pixels covered by each spectroscopic unit in the spectroscopic element.

[0093] In an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG6 , an image display unit of a head-up display device includes at least a backlight module, a liquid crystal screen, and a spectroscopic element. The liquid crystal screen includes a first polarizer, a pixel array, a liquid crystal layer, and a second polarizer. There is a glass or glue adhesive layer between each layer structure. A plurality of pixels are distributed in an array in the liquid crystal screen to form a pixel array. By controlling the light-emitting state of each pixel and the pixel display area of ​​the liquid crystal screen, the corresponding image to be displayed is displayed. In practical applications, for a color liquid crystal screen, the smallest light-emitting unit is each R / G / B pixel. The R pixel is used to display red light, the G pixel is used to display green light, and the B pixel is used to display blue light. By controlling the brightness and combination of each R / G / B pixel, images of different colors and brightness can be generated. Therefore, when the display screen is a color liquid crystal screen, each pixel of the present application can be understood as each R / G / B pixel.

[0094] The backlight module emits light to illuminate the pixels in the liquid crystal screen. The light enters the spectroscopic element. The spectroscopic element is configured to refract or diffract the light emitted by the liquid crystal screen to form light with different exit angles. The light is then reflected by the reflector assembly and the imaging structure (such as the windshield of the vehicle) and enters the user's left eye and right eye respectively, so that the images seen by the user's left eye and right eye are different. The spectroscopic element that realizes the above function can be a slit grating or a cylindrical grating. The spectroscopic element of the embodiment of the present application adopts a cylindrical grating. The spectroscopic unit is a plurality of sub-gratings formed by cylindrical lenses arranged in parallel in the cylindrical grating. Each sub-grating can refract the light emitted by each pixel of the liquid crystal screen. For ease of understanding, the spectroscopic elements described later in the embodiments of the present application are all explained by taking the cylindrical grating as an example, and the spectroscopic units are all explained by taking the sub-grating as an example. In the embodiment of the present application, each sub-grating can cover a preset number of pixels. For example, each sub-grating can cover 2 pixels, 4 pixels, 6 pixels, 8 pixels, etc.

[0095] The eye box refers to the range of eyeballs in the HUD system where the user can see the complete image when looking at the imaging structure. The normal pupil distance of the human eye is about 63-65mm, and the eye point distance should be 130mm, so the size of the eye box area in the HUD system is also set accordingly. The eye box can be divided into multiple viewing zones, with each two viewing zones repeating periodically, and the user's left and right eye positions are distributed in two adjacent viewing zones. When designing a 3DHUD, the eye box partitioning scheme can be determined based on how many pixels in the LCD screen are covered by the width of a sub-grating in the cylindrical lens grating (equivalent to treating several pixels in the LCD screen as a complete pixel). For example, if 4 pixels in the LCD screen are treated as a complete pixel, the eye box is divided into 4 viewing zones, and each pixel on the LCD screen alternately displays the left eye image and the right eye image.

[0096] To achieve the parallax required by the human eye, giving users a sense of depth and space, and ensuring a 3D effect, common HUD designs often use 8 pixels per sub-grating, dividing the eyebox into 8 viewing zones: 4 zones visible to the left eye, and 4 zones visible to the right eye. The light path is shown in Figure 7. Shaded pixels represent the area visible to the left eye, while unshaded pixels represent the area visible to the right eye. Based on HUD optical design, the eyebox's viewing zones can be considered cyclical. This scheme uses a cycle structure consisting of 8 pixels per period.

[0097] However, in actual applications, it can be found that the 3D stereoscopic image formed by this solution has poor resolution and is relatively blurry. The specific reasons are analyzed as follows: Referring to Figures 8(a) and 8(b), when each sub-grating covers 8 pixels, only one of the pixels is lit, and the rest of the pixels are not lit. The lit pixel is the image L that can be viewed by the left eye. Among the 4 pixels that can be viewed by the left eye, the 3 unlit pixels are displayed as black, and the other 4 pixels that can be observed by the right eye are not lit and displayed as black. In this way, the images actually viewed by the left and right eyes have wider black stripes. When each sub-grating covers 6, 4, and 2 pixels, only one pixel is lit, and the rest of the pixels are not lit. The images actually viewed by the left and right eyes have narrower black stripes. In other words, each sub-grating covers a different number of pixels and has a different width, so the image effect actually seen by the human eye is also different. The more pixels each sub-grating covers, the wider the black stripes, the stronger the texture protrusion, and the worse the resolution; the fewer pixels each sub-grating covers, the narrower the black stripes, the weaker the texture protrusion, the higher the resolution, and the smoother and clearer the image.

[0098] Therefore, to reduce the proportion of black stripes and improve resolution, the embodiment of the present application sets the number of pixels covered by each sub-grating to less than 8 when designing the 3D HUD system, such as 6, 4, or 2. When each sub-grating covers 6, 4, or 2 pixels, the various light splitting paths can be seen with reference to Figures 9(a), 9(b), and 9(c). The shaded pixels are the area visible to the right eye, and the non-shaded pixels are the area visible to the left eye.

[0099] However, compared to a sub-grating covering 8 pixels, when the number of pixels covered by each sub-grating decreases, the width of the sub-grating decreases, and the eye point distance corresponding to the left and right eye images formed actually changes. Because when a sub-grating covers 8 pixels, the pupil distance (L1-R1) corresponding to the left-eye image P1 and the right-eye image P2 is approximately 65 mm, and the eye point distance (L1-L2 / R1-R2) should be 130 mm, which is consistent with the eye point distance of the normal human eye and also within the normal eye box range. The left and right eyes can observe the parallax image within the eye box range, as shown in Figure 10(a). When the number of pixels covered by each sub-grating is reduced, taking the case where a sub-grating covers 4 pixels as an example, without changing the grating-to-pixel distance, the pupil distance (L1'-R1') corresponding to the left-eye image P1 and the right-eye image P2 is approximately 33.5 mm, and the eye point distance (L1'-L2' / R1'-R2') should be 67 mm, which is smaller than the eye point distance of the normal human eye. In fact, the eye point distance of the human eye is fixed, so the left and right eyes cannot observe the parallax image within the eye box range. That is, the left eye may not be able to see the left image, but the right eye may not be able to see the right image, as shown in Figure 10(b).

[0100] As can be seen from the foregoing, the eyebox partitioning scheme can be determined based on the number of pixels on the LCD screen covered by the width of a sub-grating in the lenticular grating (equivalent to treating several pixels on the LCD screen as a complete pixel). Furthermore, the eyebox partitioning scheme can be adjusted based on the lenticular grating's grating profile, grating thickness, grating material refractive index, refractive index of the adhesive layer between the grating and the LCD screen, thickness of the adhesive layer, and the LCD screen's optical parameters (including the thickness and refractive index of the various layers between the LCD's polarizer and the LCD's top surface). Adjusting these parameters in actual optical design software can yield different eyebox partitioning schemes.

[0101] Referring to FIG11 , the related scheme utilizes a cylindrical lens 2 with a width covering 8 sub-pixels to split light so that the human eyes L (left eye) and R (right eye) can observe a textured image in the eye box area. By reducing the number of sub-pixels covered by cylindrical lens 2, such as cylindrical lens 1' covering 4 sub-pixels, the splitting angle of cylindrical lens 1' at the same position becomes smaller, and the left and right eye images are displayed at positions L' and R' in the eye box area. The human left eye L and right eye R cannot observe the displayed left and right eye images. If the distance from the grating to the pixel is reduced (such as by changing the arrangement of the grating and the LCD screen, changing the thickness of the LCD screen, etc.) to adjust the splitting angle, the splitting effect at the position of cylindrical lens 1 after reducing the distance can enable the human eyes L (left eye) and R (right eye) to observe the left and right eye images with improved resolution in the eye box area.

[0102] The relationship between the reduction in the number of sub-pixels covered by the grating and the change in eye-point distance is analyzed as follows: Referring to Figures 12(a) and 12(b), the 3D display uses K parallax images (K = 2 in the figures); the optimal viewpoint of the i-th parallax image is set to (L, (i-(K+1) / 2)Q), where i = 1, 2, 3, ..., K; L is the optimal viewing distance, Q is the distance between adjacent parallax image viewpoints, and Wp is the sub-pixel width of the 2D display.

[0103] According to the basic principles of geometric optics, the focal length formula can be obtained According to the geometric relationship, we can get Right now In 3D display, h k,i and h k,i+1 Should belong to two adjacent disparity images, so there is the following relationship: W p =h k,i -h k,i+1 .

[0104] The grating curvature radius of the cylindrical grating is In addition, the point seen by the eye at the best viewpoint of the i-th disparity image through the sub-grating numbered k should belong to the i-th disparity image covered by the sub-grating, that is, Further available Where k = 1, 2, 3, ..., m. The pitch of each sub-grating in the cylindrical grating in a 3D display is very small, and the number m is large. Therefore, the sub-grating pitch p can be roughly expressed as Therefore, when the pitch p is very small, the distance Q between adjacent parallax image viewpoints will also decrease. According to the triangle similarity relationship, we can get Therefore, the viewpoint spacing Q can be kept within the normal pupil distance range of the human eye by reducing the distance D from the grating to the LCD screen.

[0105] Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, when the number of pixels covered by each sub-grating is reduced (less than 8), the distance from the grating to the LCD screen is changed to compensate for the eye point distance.

[0106] First, it is necessary to determine the eye box partitioning scheme. In the embodiment of the present application, the preset eye box partitioning scheme is illustrated by taking each sub-grating covering 6 pixels as an example to simulate the left eye test image and the right eye test image of the image to be displayed.

[0107] In other embodiments, the preset eye box partitioning scheme may also be such that each sub-grating covers 2 pixels or 4 pixels, which is not limited here and is within the protection scope of this application.

[0108] S502 : Obtain a reference eye point distance corresponding to the left eye reference image and the right eye reference image, and determine an offset of the test eye point distance corresponding to the left eye test image and the right eye test image relative to the reference eye point distance.

[0109] Specifically, the reference eyepoint distance corresponding to the left-eye reference image and the right-eye reference image is the normal eyepoint distance of the human eye, which is 130 mm. The reference eyepoint distance for the left-eye reference image and the right-eye reference image can typically be obtained by simulation with each sub-grating covering 8 pixels. Referring to Figure 13, a sub-grating covers 8 pixels, with two eyepoints representing the left and right eyes respectively. The left eye has three red subpixels lit and one unlit, while the right eye has four blue subpixels unlit. Based on the simulation results, the required reference eyepoint distance can be directly subtracted from the distance between the two eyepoints to obtain the required reference eyepoint distance. The simulation results show that the reference eyepoint distance is approximately 130 mm, and the pupil distance is approximately 65 mm.

[0110] Again referring to the above simulation method, each sub-grating is designed to cover 6 pixels. According to the simulation, the left-eye test image and the right-eye test image of the image to be displayed are obtained. The test eye point distances corresponding to the left-eye test image and the right-eye test image are calculated and determined. Then, the offset of the test eye point distance relative to the reference eye point distance is further calculated. The offset can be determined by the difference between the reference eye point distance and the test eye point distance.

[0111] S503 : Based on the offset, adjust the distance between the light splitting surface of the light splitting element and the pixel array so that the test eye point distance approaches the reference eye point distance.

[0112] As can be seen from the foregoing, when the number of pixels covered by each sub-grating is reduced, the distance between the grating and the LCD screen is changed to compensate for the eye point distance. In this application, each sub-grating is designed to cover 6 pixels. The conventional arrangement of the spectroscopic element, i.e., the lenticular grating, is forwardly positioned above the LCD screen, i.e., the spectroscopic surface of the sub-grating is vertically upward. The distance of the spectroscopic surface of the spectroscopic element relative to the pixel array is adjusted, i.e., the distance of the spectroscopic surface of the spectroscopic element relative to the pixel array is generally reduced, thereby increasing the test eye point distance and bringing the test eye point distance closer to the reference eye point distance.

[0113] In a possible implementation, the liquid crystal screen includes a first polarizer and a liquid crystal layer disposed above the pixel array, and a second polarizer disposed below the pixel array; step S503 may include:

[0114] The spectroscopic element is bonded to the top of the first polarizer in the forward direction; the forward direction is the direction of the spectroscopic surface; based on the offset, the thickness of the material between the spectroscopic element and the pixel array is reduced to shorten the distance between the spectroscopic surface of the spectroscopic element and the pixel array, so that the test eye point distance approaches the reference eye point distance; the materials include but are not limited to the adhesive layer between the spectroscopic element and the liquid crystal screen, and the base of the spectroscopic element.

[0115] Specifically, in an embodiment of the present application, the liquid crystal screen includes a first polarizer and a liquid crystal layer arranged above the pixel array, and a second polarizer arranged below the pixel array. Referring to Figures 14 and 15, the lenticular grating is arranged in the positive direction above the liquid crystal screen. Furthermore, the lenticular grating is arranged in the positive direction above the first polarizer, and the splitting surface of the lenticular grating faces upward.

[0116] The embodiments of the present application do not change the position of the lenticular grating relative to the liquid crystal display, but rather reduce the thickness of the material between the lenticular grating and the pixel array. The thinner the material thickness between the lenticular grating and the pixel array, that is, the larger the test eye point spacing after the light emitted by the pixel is split by the lenticular grating. In some embodiments, the distance between the lenticular grating and the pixel array can be reduced to less than 1 mm. Referring to FIG15 , the materials between the lenticular grating and the pixel array include, but are not limited to, the adhesive layer (OCA bonding) between the lenticular grating and the liquid crystal display, and the substrate of the lenticular grating.

[0117] In practical applications, any of the aforementioned materials can be thinned to bring the test eyepoint spacing closer to the reference eyepoint spacing. This is not specifically limited here and depends on the design. Furthermore, the optical path design process of this application is a reverse design, involving reverse optical tracing optimization from the left-eye and right-eye test images to be displayed to the image generation unit. To achieve better imaging results, the sub-grating profiles of the lenticular grating also require corresponding optimization, such as the lenticular vector height, width, and R value.

[0118] The above embodiment was simulated, and the simulation results are shown in Figure 16. The figure shows three eyepoints, representing the right eye, the left eye, and the right eye, respectively. The left eye is represented by three illuminated red sub-pixels, while the right eye is represented by three unilluminated black sub-pixels. Based on the simulation results, the required test eyepoint spacing can be obtained by simply subtracting the distance between the two eyepoints. The calculated test eyepoint spacing is 128.529mm, slightly smaller than the reference eyepoint spacing of 130mm, and the crosstalk ratio is approximately 0.8%. This demonstrates that reducing the thickness of the material between the lenticular lens and the pixel array, and thereby reducing the distance between the spectroscopic surface of the spectroscopic element and the pixel array, can bring the test eyepoint spacing closer to the reference eyepoint spacing, resulting in better 3D imaging.

[0119] Furthermore, this embodiment may further include: filling a dielectric layer between the beam splitting units in the beam splitting element, wherein the refractive index of the dielectric layer is smaller than the refractive index of the beam splitting element.

[0120] In this embodiment, building on the previous embodiment, a dielectric layer is placed between the sub-gratings of the lenticular grating. As shown in FIG17 , to protect the shape of the lenticular grating, the dielectric layer is placed between the edges of each sub-grating. A preferred embodiment is one in which the thickness of the dielectric layer is greater than the vector height of each spectroscopic element. Furthermore, the refractive index of the dielectric layer material is controlled to be lower than that of the lenticular grating. This difference in refractive index results in different light emission angles after refraction, affecting the test eyepoint spacing. The lower the refractive index of the dielectric layer material, the greater the light emission angle and the larger the test eyepoint spacing. This allows the test eyepoint spacing to more closely approximate the reference eyepoint spacing.

[0121] In a possible implementation, step S503 may further include:

[0122] A spectrometer is positively bonded to the top of the liquid crystal layer, and a first polarizer is bonded to the top of the spectrometer to reduce the distance between the spectrometer's beam splitting surface and the pixel array. Based on the offset, the material thickness between the spectrometer and the pixel array is adjusted to bring the test eye distance closer to the reference eye distance.

[0123] Specifically, in an embodiment of the present application, the liquid crystal screen includes a first polarizer and a liquid crystal layer arranged above the pixel array, and a second polarizer arranged below the pixel array. Referring to Figures 18 and 19, the lenticular grating is positively attached to the top of the liquid crystal layer, and the first polarizer is attached to the top of the lenticular grating.

[0124] The present embodiment changes the position of the lenticular lens relative to the LCD screen to reduce the distance between the lenticular lens's beam splitter and the pixel array. As can be seen, the thickness of the first polarizer is removed from the space between the lenticular lens's beam splitter and the pixel array, thereby reducing the material thickness between the lenticular lens and the pixel array. In one embodiment, the first polarizer is attached to the top of the lenticular lens, reducing the distance between the lenticular lens and the pixel array by 0.22 mm.

[0125] Furthermore, to achieve better imaging results, the sub-grating surface of the lenticular grating also needs to be optimized accordingly, such as the lenticular vector height, width, and R value. Furthermore, the material thickness between the lenticular grating and the pixel array needs to be adjusted based on actual conditions to bring the test eyepoint spacing closer to the reference eyepoint spacing. Because the distance between the lenticular grating and the pixel array cannot be too close, other material thicknesses need to be adjusted to appropriately compensate for the missing thickness of the first polarizer. However, overall, the distance between the lenticular grating and the pixel array is reduced.

[0126] The above embodiment was simulated, and the simulation results are shown in Figure 20. The figure shows three eyepoints, representing the right eye, the left eye, and the right eye. The left eye is represented by three illuminated red sub-pixels, while the right eye is represented by three unilluminated black sub-pixels. Based on the simulation results, the required test eyepoint spacing can be obtained by simply subtracting the distance between the two eyepoints. The calculated test eyepoint spacing is 128.978mm, slightly smaller than the reference eyepoint spacing of 130mm, and the crosstalk ratio is approximately 0.89%. This demonstrates that by attaching the beam splitter element to the top of the liquid crystal layer in the forward direction and attaching the first polarizer to the beam splitter element to reduce the distance between the beam splitter surface and the pixel array, the test eyepoint spacing can be brought closer to the reference eyepoint spacing, resulting in better 3D imaging.

[0127] Furthermore, this embodiment may further include: filling a dielectric layer between the beam splitting units in the beam splitting element, wherein the refractive index of the dielectric layer is smaller than the refractive index of the beam splitting element.

[0128] In the embodiment described above, a dielectric layer is filled between the sub-gratings of the lenticular grating, as shown in Figures 21 and 22 . This allows the lenticular grating to better adhere to the liquid crystal layer. The refractive index of the dielectric layer material is controlled to be lower than that of the lenticular grating. Due to the difference in refractive index, the angle of light emitted after refraction is also different, which affects the test eye point spacing. The smaller the refractive index of the dielectric layer material, the larger the light emission angle and the larger the test eye point spacing. Furthermore, the thickness of the dielectric layer is greater than the vector height of each spectroscopic unit, allowing the first polarizer to adhere to the dielectric layer.

[0129] For example, in one embodiment, the refractive index of the lenticular lens grating is 1.61, the refractive index of the dielectric layer material is 1.415, and the thickness of the dielectric layer is 50 μm. The simulation results are shown in Figure 23. The figure shows three eyepoints, representing the right eye, the left eye, and the right eye. The left eye is represented by three illuminated red sub-pixels, while the right eye is represented by three unilluminated black sub-pixels. Based on the simulation results, the required test eyepoint spacing can be directly subtracted from the distance between the two eyepoints. The calculated test eyepoint spacing is 129.911 mm, slightly smaller than the reference eyepoint spacing of 130 mm, and the crosstalk ratio is approximately 0.78%. This demonstrates that by attaching the beam splitter element to the liquid crystal layer in the forward direction and attaching the first polarizer to the beam splitter element to reduce the distance between the beam splitter surface and the pixel array, and by filling the lenticular lens grating with a dielectric layer to achieve better beam splitting, the test eyepoint spacing can be brought closer to the reference eyepoint spacing, resulting in better 3D imaging.

[0130] In a possible implementation, step S503 may further include:

[0131] The beam splitter is reversely attached to the top of the first polarizer. Based on the offset, the material thickness between the beam splitter and the pixel array is reduced to shorten the distance between the beam splitter surface of the beam splitter and the pixel array, so that the test eye distance approaches the reference eye distance.

[0132] Specifically, in an embodiment of the present application, the liquid crystal display includes a first polarizer and a liquid crystal layer disposed above the pixel array, and a second polarizer disposed below the pixel array. Referring to FIG24 , the lenticular grating is disposed inversely above the liquid crystal display. Furthermore, the lenticular grating is disposed inversely above the first polarizer, with the beam splitting surface of the lenticular grating facing downward. This reduces the distance between the beam splitting surface of the lenticular grating and the pixel array, which can be understood as reducing the vector height of the grating.

[0133] Additionally, the thickness of the material between the lenticular lens and the pixel array can be appropriately reduced. The thinner the material between the lenticular lens and the pixel array, the larger the test eyepoint spacing will be after the light emitted by the pixels is split by the lenticular lens. In some embodiments, the distance between the lenticular lens and the pixel array can be reduced to less than 1 mm. As can be seen above, the materials between the lenticular lens and the pixel array include, but are not limited to, the adhesive layer between the lenticular lens and the LCD (OCA bonding) and the lenticular lens substrate.

[0134] In practical applications, any of the aforementioned materials can be thinned to bring the test eyepoint spacing closer to the reference eyepoint spacing. This is not specifically limited here and depends on the design. Furthermore, the optical path design process of this application is a reverse design, involving reverse optical tracing optimization from the left-eye and right-eye test images to be displayed to the image generation unit. To achieve better imaging results, the sub-grating profiles of the lenticular grating also require corresponding optimization, such as the lenticular vector height, width, and R value.

[0135] Through the above-described embodiment, the spectroscopic element is reversely attached to the top of the first polarizer, and the material thickness between the cylindrical grating and the pixel array is thinned to shorten the distance between the spectroscopic surface of the spectroscopic element and the pixel array. This can make the test eye point distance close to the reference eye point distance, and achieve a good 3D imaging effect.

[0136] Furthermore, this embodiment may further include: filling a dielectric layer between the beam splitting units in the beam splitting element, wherein the refractive index of the dielectric layer is smaller than the refractive index of the beam splitting element.

[0137] In this embodiment, building on the previous example, a dielectric layer is placed between the sub-gratings of the lenticular grating. As shown in Figure 25 , to protect the lenticular grating shape, the dielectric layer is placed between the edges of each sub-grating. The refractive index of the dielectric layer material is controlled to be lower than that of the lenticular grating. This difference in refractive index results in different light emission angles after refraction, affecting the test eyepoint spacing. The lower the refractive index of the dielectric layer material, the greater the light emission angle and the larger the test eyepoint spacing. This allows the test eyepoint spacing to more closely approximate the reference eyepoint spacing.

[0138] In a possible implementation, step S503 may further include:

[0139] A beam splitter is laminated in reverse on top of the liquid crystal layer, and a first polarizer is laminated on top of the beam splitter to reduce the distance between the beam splitter surface of the beam splitter and the center pixel array. Based on the offset, the thickness of the material between the beam splitter and the pixel array is adjusted to bring the test eye distance closer to the reference eye distance.

[0140] Specifically, in an embodiment of the present application, the liquid crystal screen includes a first polarizer and a liquid crystal layer arranged above the pixel array, and a second polarizer arranged below the pixel array. Referring to Figure 26, the lenticular grating is reversely attached to the top of the liquid crystal layer, and the first polarizer is attached to the top of the lenticular grating.

[0141] This embodiment of the present application reverses the placement of the lenticular grating and changes its position relative to the LCD screen to reduce the distance between the lenticular grating's beam splitting surface and the pixel array. As can be seen, the thickness of the first polarizer and the grating's vector height are eliminated between the lenticular grating's beam splitting surface and the pixel array, thereby reducing the material thickness between the lenticular grating and the pixel array.

[0142] Furthermore, to achieve better imaging results, the sub-grating surface of the lenticular grating also needs to be optimized accordingly, such as the lenticular vector height, width, and R value. Furthermore, the material thickness between the lenticular grating and the pixel array needs to be adjusted based on actual conditions to bring the test eyepoint spacing closer to the reference eyepoint spacing. Because the distance between the lenticular grating and the pixel array cannot be too close, other material thicknesses need to be adjusted to appropriately compensate for the missing thickness of the first polarizer. However, overall, the distance between the lenticular grating and the pixel array is reduced.

[0143] Through the above-described embodiment, the lenticular grating is reversely bonded to the top of the liquid crystal layer, the first polarizer is bonded to the top of the lenticular grating, and the material thickness between the lenticular grating and the pixel array is adjusted to reduce the distance between the beam splitting surface of the beam splitting element and the pixel array. This can make the test eye point distance close to the reference eye point distance, and achieve a good 3D imaging effect.

[0144] Furthermore, this embodiment may further include: filling a dielectric layer between the beam splitting units in the beam splitting element, wherein the refractive index of the dielectric layer is smaller than the refractive index of the beam splitting element.

[0145] In this embodiment, a dielectric layer is added between the sub-gratings of the lenticular grating, as shown in FIG27 . This allows the first polarizer to better adhere to the lenticular grating. The refractive index of the dielectric layer material is controlled to be lower than that of the lenticular grating. Due to this difference in refractive index, the angle of light emitted after refraction varies, affecting the test eyepoint spacing. The lower the refractive index of the dielectric layer material, the greater the light emission angle and the larger the test eyepoint spacing. This allows the test eyepoint spacing to be closer to the reference eyepoint spacing, resulting in better 3D imaging.

[0146] In one possible embodiment, the liquid crystal screen includes a second polarizer and a liquid crystal layer disposed above the pixel array, and a first polarizer disposed below the pixel array. Step S503 may further include: positively attaching a spectroscopic element to the top of the second polarizer; based on an offset, thinning the thickness of the material between the spectroscopic element and the pixel array to reduce the distance between the spectroscopic surface of the spectroscopic element and the pixel array, so that the test eye point distance approaches the reference eye point distance; the material includes the liquid crystal layer, an adhesive layer between the spectroscopic element and the liquid crystal screen, and a substrate of the spectroscopic element.

[0147] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, referring to Figures 28 and 29, the liquid crystal screen includes a second polarizer and a liquid crystal layer arranged above the pixel array, and a first polarizer arranged below the pixel array. It can be understood that the liquid crystal screen is placed in reverse above the backlight module, and then the lenticular grating is placed forward above the liquid crystal screen. Furthermore, the lenticular grating is placed forward above the second polarizer, and the splitting surface of the lenticular grating faces upward.

[0148] The embodiment of the present application does not change the position of the lenticular grating relative to the liquid crystal screen, but instead inverts the liquid crystal screen and reduces the thickness of the material between the lenticular grating and the pixel array. The thinner the thickness of the material between the lenticular grating and the pixel array, that is, the larger the test eye point spacing after the light emitted by the pixel is split by the lenticular grating. In some embodiments, the distance between the lenticular grating and the pixel array can be made less than 1 mm. The materials between the lenticular grating and the pixel array include but are not limited to a liquid crystal layer, an adhesive layer (OCA bonding) between the lenticular grating and the liquid crystal screen, and a substrate of the lenticular grating, wherein the liquid crystal layer may include liquid crystal and glass, wherein the thickness of the glass can be reduced.

[0149] In practical applications, any of the aforementioned materials can be thinned to bring the test eyepoint spacing closer to the reference eyepoint spacing. This is not specifically limited here and depends on the design. Furthermore, the optical path design process of this application is a reverse design, involving reverse optical tracing optimization from the left-eye and right-eye test images to be displayed to the image generation unit. To achieve better imaging results, the sub-grating profiles of the lenticular grating also require corresponding optimization, such as the lenticular vector height, width, and R value.

[0150] Furthermore, this embodiment may further include: filling a dielectric layer between the beam splitting units in the beam splitting element, wherein the refractive index of the dielectric layer is smaller than the refractive index of the beam splitting element.

[0151] In the present embodiment, building on the previous embodiment, a dielectric layer is filled between the sub-gratings of the lenticular grating. As shown in FIG30 , to protect the shape of the lenticular grating, the dielectric layer is filled in the side seams between each sub-grating. A preferred embodiment is one in which the thickness of the dielectric layer is greater than the vector height of each spectroscopic unit. Furthermore, the refractive index of the dielectric layer material is controlled to be lower than that of the lenticular grating. Due to this difference in refractive index, the angle of light emitted after refraction varies, affecting the test eyepoint spacing. The lower the refractive index of the dielectric layer material, the greater the light emission angle and the larger the test eyepoint spacing. This allows the test eyepoint spacing to be closer to the reference eyepoint spacing.

[0152] In a possible implementation, step S503 may further include:

[0153] A spectrometer is positively bonded to the top of the liquid crystal layer, and a second polarizer is bonded to the top of the spectrometer to reduce the distance between the spectrometer's beam splitting surface and the pixel array. Based on the offset, the material thickness between the spectrometer and the pixel array is adjusted to bring the test eye distance closer to the reference eye distance.

[0154] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the liquid crystal screen includes a second polarizer and a liquid crystal layer arranged above the pixel array, and a first polarizer arranged below the pixel array. It can be understood that the liquid crystal screen is placed in reverse above the backlight module. Referring to Figure 31, the lenticular grating is positively attached to the top of the liquid crystal layer, and the second polarizer is attached to the top of the lenticular grating.

[0155] The present embodiment changes the position of the lenticular lens relative to the LCD screen to reduce the distance between the lenticular lens's beam splitter and the pixel array. As can be seen, the thickness of the second polarizer is eliminated between the lenticular lens's beam splitter and the pixel array, thereby reducing the material thickness between the lenticular lens and the pixel array. In one embodiment, the second polarizer is attached above the lenticular lens, reducing the distance between the lenticular lens and the pixel array by approximately 0.132 mm.

[0156] Furthermore, to achieve better imaging results, the sub-grating surface of the lenticular grating also needs to be optimized accordingly, such as the lenticular vector height, width, and R value. Furthermore, the material thickness between the lenticular grating and the pixel array needs to be adjusted based on actual conditions to bring the test eyepoint spacing closer to the reference eyepoint spacing. Because the distance between the lenticular grating and the pixel array cannot be too close, other material thicknesses need to be adjusted to appropriately compensate for the missing thickness of the second polarizer. However, overall, the distance between the lenticular grating and the pixel array is reduced.

[0157] Through the above-mentioned embodiment, the liquid crystal screen is inverted, the spectroscopic element is positively attached to the top of the liquid crystal layer, and the second polarizer is attached to the top of the spectroscopic element to reduce the distance between the spectroscopic surface of the spectroscopic element and the pixel array. This can make the test eye point distance close to the reference eye point distance, and achieve a good 3D imaging effect.

[0158] Furthermore, this embodiment may further include: filling a dielectric layer between the beam splitting units in the beam splitting element, wherein the refractive index of the dielectric layer is smaller than the refractive index of the beam splitting element.

[0159] In this embodiment of the present application, a dielectric layer is filled between the sub-gratings of the lenticular grating, as shown in FIG32 . This allows the lenticular grating to better adhere to the liquid crystal layer. The refractive index of the dielectric layer material is controlled to be lower than that of the lenticular grating. Due to the difference in refractive index, the angle of light emitted after refraction is also different, which affects the test eye point spacing. The smaller the refractive index of the dielectric layer material, the larger the light emission angle and the larger the test eye point spacing. This allows the test eye point spacing to be closer to the reference eye point spacing. Furthermore, the thickness of the dielectric layer is greater than the vector height of each spectroscopic unit, allowing the first polarizer to adhere to the dielectric layer.

[0160] In a possible implementation, step S503 may further include:

[0161] The beam splitter is reversely attached to the top of the second polarizer. Based on the offset, the material thickness between the beam splitter and the pixel array is reduced to shorten the distance between the beam splitter surface and the pixel array, so that the test eye distance approaches the reference eye distance.

[0162] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the liquid crystal display includes a second polarizer and a liquid crystal layer disposed above the pixel array, and a first polarizer disposed below the pixel array. This can be understood as placing the liquid crystal display in reverse position above the backlight module. Referring to FIG33 , the lenticular lens grating is disposed in reverse position above the liquid crystal display. Furthermore, the lenticular lens grating is disposed in reverse position above the second polarizer and below the lenticular lens grating's beam splitting surface. This reduces the distance between the lenticular lens grating's beam splitting surface and the pixel array, which can be understood as reducing the grating's vector height.

[0163] Additionally, the thickness of the material between the lenticular lens and the pixel array can be appropriately reduced. The thinner the material between the lenticular lens and the pixel array, the larger the test eyepoint spacing will be after the light emitted by the pixels is split by the lenticular lens. In some embodiments, the distance between the lenticular lens and the pixel array can be reduced to less than 1 mm. As can be seen above, the materials between the lenticular lens and the pixel array include, but are not limited to, the liquid crystal layer, the adhesive layer between the lenticular lens and the LCD (OCA bonding), and the lenticular lens substrate.

[0164] In practical applications, any of the aforementioned materials can be thinned to bring the test eyepoint spacing closer to the reference eyepoint spacing. This is not specifically limited here and depends on the design. Furthermore, the optical path design process of this application is a reverse design, involving reverse optical tracing optimization from the left-eye and right-eye test images to be displayed to the image generation unit. To achieve better imaging results, the sub-grating profiles of the lenticular grating also require corresponding optimization, such as the lenticular vector height, width, and R value.

[0165] Through the above-described embodiment, the LCD screen is inverted, the beam splitter element is reversely attached to the top of the second polarizer, and the material thickness between the lenticular grating and the pixel array is thinned to reduce the distance between the beam splitter surface of the beam splitter element and the pixel array. This can make the test eye point distance close to the reference eye point distance, and achieve a good 3D imaging effect.

[0166] Furthermore, this embodiment may further include: filling a dielectric layer between the beam splitting units in the beam splitting element, wherein the refractive index of the dielectric layer is smaller than the refractive index of the beam splitting element.

[0167] In this embodiment, building on the previous example, a dielectric layer is placed between the sub-gratings of the lenticular grating. As shown in FIG34 , to protect the lenticular grating shape, the dielectric layer is placed between the edges of each sub-grating. The refractive index of the dielectric layer material is controlled to be lower than that of the lenticular grating. This difference in refractive index results in different light emission angles after refraction, affecting the test eyepoint spacing. The lower the refractive index of the dielectric layer material, the greater the light emission angle and the larger the test eyepoint spacing. This allows the test eyepoint spacing to more closely approximate the reference eyepoint spacing.

[0168] In a possible implementation, step S503 may further include:

[0169] The beam splitter is reversely bonded to the top of the liquid crystal layer, and a second polarizer is bonded to the top of the beam splitter to reduce the distance between the beam splitter surface of the beam splitter and the pixel array. Based on the offset, the material thickness between the beam splitter and the pixel array is adjusted to bring the test eye distance closer to the reference eye distance.

[0170] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the liquid crystal screen includes a second polarizer and a liquid crystal layer arranged above the pixel array, and a first polarizer arranged below the pixel array. It can be understood that the liquid crystal screen is placed in reverse above the backlight module. Referring to Figure 35, the lenticular grating is reversely adhered to the top of the liquid crystal layer, and the first polarizer is adhered to the top of the lenticular grating.

[0171] This embodiment of the present application reverses the placement of the lenticular grating and changes its position relative to the LCD screen to reduce the distance between the lenticular grating's beam splitting surface and the pixel array. As can be seen, the thickness of the second polarizer and the grating's vector height are eliminated between the lenticular grating's beam splitting surface and the pixel array, thereby reducing the material thickness between the lenticular grating and the pixel array.

[0172] Furthermore, to achieve better imaging results, the sub-grating surface of the lenticular grating also needs to be optimized accordingly, such as the lenticular vector height, width, and R value. Furthermore, the material thickness between the lenticular grating and the pixel array needs to be adjusted based on actual conditions to bring the test eyepoint spacing closer to the reference eyepoint spacing. Because the distance between the lenticular grating and the pixel array cannot be too close, other material thicknesses need to be adjusted to appropriately compensate for the missing thickness of the first polarizer. However, overall, the distance between the lenticular grating and the pixel array is reduced.

[0173] Through the above-described embodiment, the liquid crystal screen is inverted, the lenticular grating is reversely attached to the top of the liquid crystal layer, the second polarizer is attached to the top of the lenticular grating, and the material thickness between the lenticular grating and the pixel array is adjusted to reduce the distance between the spectral surface of the spectral element and the pixel array. This can make the test eye point distance close to the reference eye point distance, and achieve a good 3D imaging effect.

[0174] Furthermore, this embodiment may further include: filling a dielectric layer between the beam splitting units in the beam splitting element, wherein the refractive index of the dielectric layer is smaller than the refractive index of the beam splitting element.

[0175] In this embodiment, a dielectric layer is added between the sub-gratings of the lenticular grating, as shown in FIG36 . This allows the second polarizer to better align with the lenticular grating. The refractive index of the dielectric layer material is controlled to be lower than that of the lenticular grating. Due to this difference in refractive index, the angle of light emitted after refraction varies, affecting the test eyepoint spacing. The lower the refractive index of the dielectric layer material, the greater the light emission angle and the larger the test eyepoint spacing. This allows the test eyepoint spacing to be closer to the reference eyepoint spacing, resulting in better 3D imaging.

[0176] In summary, the various embodiments listed above are all aimed at reducing the distance between the beam splitting surface of the lenticular grating and the pixel array, thereby bringing the test eyepoint spacing closer to the reference eyepoint spacing, reducing the texture perception of 3D imaging, improving resolution, and achieving smooth and clear images, thereby enhancing the user experience. Furthermore, it should be noted that while the beam splitting element in each of the aforementioned embodiments utilizes a lenticular grating, in actual applications, a slit grating can also be used as the beam splitting element. Under the same design conditions and parameters, a slit grating can achieve the same design effect as a lenticular grating of corresponding vector height by adjusting the aperture ratio. This is not further elaborated here, as all of these aspects fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0177] S504 , displaying the image to be displayed based on the preset eye box partitioning scheme and the adjusted light splitting element and liquid crystal screen.

[0178] In a possible implementation, step S504 may include:

[0179] Based on a preset eye box partitioning scheme, the luminous state of each pixel in the pixel array is determined; based on the luminous state of each pixel, the LCD screen is lit so that the light emitted by the LCD screen is split by the adjusted spectroscopic element to form an image to be displayed.

[0180] As can be seen from the foregoing, the preset eye box partitioning scheme is that each sub-grating covers 6 pixels. The adjusted spectroscopic element and LCD screen achieve the purpose of reducing the distance between the spectroscopic surface of the cylindrical lens grating and the pixel array. Then, the luminous state of each pixel in the pixel array can be determined according to the preset eye box partitioning scheme, that is, the pixels that need to be lit and the pixels that do not need to be lit are determined. Then, based on the luminous state of each pixel, the LCD screen is lit, so that the light emitted by the LCD screen is split by the adjusted spectroscopic element to form an image to be displayed. In this way, the resolution of the image to be displayed is high, there is basically no texture, and it is smooth and clear.

[0181] A comparison of 3D imaging effects obtained by applying the embodiments of the present application can be seen in Figures 37(a) and 37(b): Figure 37(a) shows a sub-grating covering 8 pixels, 3 pixels are lit, and the remaining 5 pixels are not lit. The black area of ​​the unlit pixels in the image seen by the human eye is relatively wide, and the image viewed by the user has a sense of texture. Figure 37(b) shows a sub-grating covering 6 pixels, 3 pixels are lit, and the remaining 3 pixels are not lit. The black area of ​​the unlit pixels in the image seen by the human eye is relatively narrow, and there are almost no black stripes to the naked eye, and the image is smooth. That is, the fewer pixels a sub-grating covers, the better the resolution, and the resolution effect is: 2 sub-pixels > 4 > 6 > 8 > ...; while reducing the number of pixels covered by each splitting unit, the design is optimized to reduce the distance between the splitting surface of the cylindrical lens grating and the pixel array.

[0182] The embodiment of the present application is introduced as one sub-grating covering 6 pixels. In actual applications, it is also possible to design one sub-grating to cover other numbers of pixels, and then optimize the design to reduce the distance between the splitting surface of the cylindrical lens grating and the pixel array. The technical effects of the present application can also be achieved. No further details are given here, and all of them are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0183] On the other hand, referring to FIG38 , the present application provides an image display device, comprising:

[0184] The simulation module 3801 is configured to simulate and obtain a left-eye test image and a right-eye test image of an image to be displayed according to a preset eye box partitioning scheme; the preset eye box partitioning scheme represents the number of pixels covered by each spectroscopic unit in the spectroscopic element;

[0185] a calculation module 3802 configured to obtain a reference eyepoint distance corresponding to the left-eye reference image and the right-eye reference image, and determine an offset of the test eyepoint distance corresponding to the left-eye test image and the right-eye test image relative to the reference eyepoint distance;

[0186] an optimization module 3803 configured to adjust the distance between the light splitting surface of the light splitting element and the pixel array based on the offset so that the test eye point distance approaches the reference eye point distance;

[0187] The display module 3804 is configured to display the image based on the preset eye box partitioning scheme and the adjusted light splitting element and liquid crystal screen.

[0188] In one possible embodiment, the liquid crystal screen includes a first polarizer and a liquid crystal layer disposed above the pixel array, and a second polarizer disposed below the pixel array. The optimization module 3803 is further configured to:

[0189] Laminating the light splitting element on top of the first polarizer in the forward direction; the forward direction is the direction in which the light splitting surface faces;

[0190] Based on the offset, the thickness of the material between the spectrometer and the pixel array is reduced to shorten the distance between the spectrometer's spectroscopic surface and the pixel array, so that the test eyepoint distance approaches the reference eyepoint distance. The material includes the adhesive layer between the spectrometer and the LCD screen, and the base of the spectrometer.

[0191] In one possible embodiment, the optimization module 3803 is further configured to:

[0192] Laminating the light splitting element on top of the liquid crystal layer in a forward direction and laminating the first polarizer on top of the light splitting element to reduce the distance between the light splitting surface of the light splitting element and the pixel array;

[0193] Based on the offset, the thickness of the material between the beam splitter and the pixel array is adjusted to make the test eye point distance close to the reference eye point distance.

[0194] In one possible embodiment, the optimization module 3803 is further configured to:

[0195] Laminating the light splitting element in reverse order on top of the first polarizer;

[0196] Based on the offset, the material thickness between the beam splitter element and the pixel array is reduced to shorten the distance between the beam splitter surface of the beam splitter element and the pixel array, so that the test eye point distance approaches the reference eye point distance.

[0197] In one possible embodiment, the optimization module 3803 is further configured to:

[0198] Laminating the light splitting element in reverse on top of the liquid crystal layer, and laminating the first polarizer on top of the light splitting element to reduce the distance between the light splitting surface of the light splitting element and the middle pixel array;

[0199] Based on the offset, the thickness of the material between the beam splitter and the pixel array is adjusted to make the test eye point distance close to the reference eye point distance.

[0200] In one possible embodiment, the liquid crystal screen includes a second polarizer and a liquid crystal layer disposed above the pixel array, and a first polarizer disposed below the pixel array. The optimization module 3803 is further configured to:

[0201] Laminating the light splitting element on top of the second polarizer in the forward direction;

[0202] Based on the offset, the thickness of the material between the spectrometer and the pixel array is reduced to shorten the distance between the spectrometer's spectrometer surface and the pixel array, bringing the test eye distance closer to the reference eye distance. The materials include a liquid crystal layer, an adhesive layer between the spectrometer and the LCD, and a substrate for the spectrometer.

[0203] In one possible embodiment, the optimization module 3803 is further configured to:

[0204] Laminating the light splitting element on the top of the liquid crystal layer in the forward direction and laminating the second polarizer on the top of the light splitting element to reduce the distance between the light splitting surface of the light splitting element and the pixel array;

[0205] Based on the offset, the thickness of the material between the beam splitter and the pixel array is adjusted to make the test eye point distance close to the reference eye point distance.

[0206] In one possible embodiment, the optimization module 3803 is further configured to:

[0207] Laminating the light splitting element in reverse order on top of the second polarizer;

[0208] Based on the offset, the material thickness between the beam splitter element and the pixel array is reduced to shorten the distance between the beam splitter surface of the beam splitter element and the pixel array, so that the test eye point distance approaches the reference eye point distance.

[0209] In one possible embodiment, the optimization module 3803 is further configured to:

[0210] Laminating the light splitting element in reverse on top of the liquid crystal layer, and laminating the second polarizer on top of the light splitting element to reduce the distance between the light splitting surface of the light splitting element and the pixel array;

[0211] Based on the offset, the thickness of the material between the beam splitter and the pixel array is adjusted to make the test eye point distance close to the reference eye point distance.

[0212] Furthermore, the optimization module 3803 also includes:

[0213] The medium filling unit is configured to fill a medium layer between the light splitting units in the light splitting element, and the refractive index of the medium layer is smaller than the refractive index of the light splitting element.

[0214] Furthermore, the display module 3804 is further configured to:

[0215] Determining the luminous state of each pixel in the pixel array based on a preset eye box partitioning scheme;

[0216] Based on the luminous state of each pixel, the liquid crystal screen is lit, so that the light emitted by the liquid crystal screen is split by the adjusted light splitting element to form an image to be displayed.

[0217] On the other hand, the present application provides a head-up display device, comprising: a liquid crystal screen, a light-splitting element, a memory, and a processor;

[0218] The liquid crystal screen is configured to display an image to be displayed; the liquid crystal screen comprises a first polarizer, a liquid crystal layer, a pixel array, and a second polarizer;

[0219] The beam splitter element is disposed opposite to the liquid crystal screen, and is configured to refract imaging light of an image to be displayed emitted by the liquid crystal screen so that the imaging light is incident on different areas of the eye box along different directions;

[0220] The memory is configured to store processor executable instructions;

[0221] The processor is configured to execute instructions to implement the image display method described above.

[0222] On the other hand, the present application also provides a vehicle, which includes the head-up display device described above. The vehicle provided in this embodiment may include but is not limited to land vehicles such as cars, air vehicles such as aircraft (or aircraft), or water or underwater vehicles.

[0223] On the other hand, the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores at least one instruction or at least one program, and the at least one instruction or at least one program is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the image display method as described above.

[0224] Optionally, in the embodiments of this specification, the storage medium may be located in at least one of the multiple network servers of the computer network. Optionally, in this embodiment, the storage medium may include, but is not limited to, various media that can store program code, such as a USB flash drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a mobile hard disk, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0225] The memory of the embodiment of this specification can be used to store software programs and modules. The processor executes various functional applications and data processing by running the software programs and modules stored in the memory. The memory may mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area can store an operating system, applications required for functions, etc.; the data storage area can store data created according to the use of the device, etc. In addition, the memory may include a high-speed random access memory and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device. Accordingly, the memory may also include a memory controller to provide the processor with access to the memory.

[0226] In another aspect, the present application further provides a computer program product or computer program, which includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions, causing the computer device to perform the image display method provided in the above method embodiment.

Claims

1. An image display method, applicable to a head-up display device, wherein the head-up display device includes a liquid crystal screen and a light-splitting element, wherein the liquid crystal screen includes a pixel array, the method comprising: According to a preset eye box partitioning scheme, a left-eye test image and a right-eye test image of an image to be displayed are simulated; The preset eye box partitioning scheme represents the number of pixels covered by each light-splitting unit in the light-splitting element; Obtaining a reference eyepoint distance corresponding to a left-eye reference image and a right-eye reference image, and determining an offset of the test eyepoint distance corresponding to the left-eye test image and the right-eye test image relative to the reference eyepoint distance; Based on the offset, adjusting the distance between the light-splitting surface of the light-splitting element and the pixel array so that the test eye point distance approaches the reference eye point distance; Based on the preset eye box partitioning scheme and the adjusted light splitting element and the liquid crystal screen, the image to be displayed is displayed.

2. The image display method according to claim 1, wherein: The liquid crystal screen includes a first polarizer and a liquid crystal layer disposed above the pixel array, and a second polarizer disposed below the pixel array; and adjusting the distance between the light-splitting surface of the light-splitting element and the pixel array based on the offset includes: Laminating the light splitting element on top of the first polarizer in the forward direction; the forward direction is the direction in which the light splitting surface faces; Based on the offset, the thickness of the material between the spectroscopic element and the pixel array is reduced to shorten the distance between the spectroscopic surface of the spectroscopic element and the pixel array, so that the test eye point distance approaches the reference eye point distance; the material includes an adhesive layer between the spectroscopic element and the liquid crystal screen, and a substrate of the spectroscopic element.

3. The image display method according to claim 2, wherein: Adjusting the distance between the light splitting surface of the light splitting element and the pixel array based on the offset further includes: Laminating the light-splitting element on top of the liquid crystal layer in a forward direction, and laminating the first polarizer on top of the light-splitting element to reduce the distance between the light-splitting surface of the light-splitting element and the pixel array; Based on the offset, the thickness of the material between the light-splitting element and the pixel array is adjusted to make the test eye point distance approach the reference eye point distance.

4. The image display method according to claim 2, wherein: Adjusting the distance between the light splitting surface of the light splitting element and the pixel array based on the offset further includes: Laminating the light splitting element in reverse order on top of the first polarizer; Based on the offset, the material thickness between the beam splitter element and the pixel array is reduced to shorten the distance between the beam splitter surface of the beam splitter element and the pixel array, so that the test eye point distance approaches the reference eye point distance.

5. The image display method according to claim 4, wherein: Adjusting the distance between the light splitting surface of the light splitting element and the pixel array based on the offset further includes: Laminating the light-splitting element in reverse order on top of the liquid crystal layer, and laminating the first polarizer on top of the light-splitting element to reduce the distance between the light-splitting surface of the light-splitting element and the middle pixel array; Based on the offset, the thickness of the material between the light-splitting element and the pixel array is adjusted to make the test eye point distance approach the reference eye point distance.

6. The image display method according to claim 1, wherein: The liquid crystal screen includes a second polarizer and a liquid crystal layer disposed above the pixel array, and a first polarizer disposed below the pixel array. Adjusting the distance between the light-splitting surface of the light-splitting element and the pixel array based on the offset further includes: Laminating the light splitting element on top of the second polarizer in a forward direction; Based on the offset, the thickness of the material between the spectroscopic element and the pixel array is reduced to shorten the distance between the spectroscopic surface of the spectroscopic element and the pixel array, so that the test eye point distance approaches the reference eye point distance; the material includes the liquid crystal layer, the adhesive layer between the spectroscopic element and the liquid crystal screen, and the substrate of the spectroscopic element.

7. The image display method according to claim 6, wherein: Adjusting the distance between the light splitting surface of the light splitting element and the pixel array based on the offset further includes: Laminating the light-splitting element forwardly on top of the liquid crystal layer, and laminating the second polarizer on top of the light-splitting element to reduce the distance between the light-splitting surface of the light-splitting element and the pixel array; Based on the offset, the thickness of the material between the light-splitting element and the pixel array is adjusted to make the test eye point distance approach the reference eye point distance.

8. The image display method according to claim 6, wherein: Adjusting the distance between the light splitting surface of the light splitting element and the pixel array based on the offset further includes: Laminating the light splitting element in reverse order on top of the second polarizer; Based on the offset, the material thickness between the beam splitter element and the pixel array is reduced to shorten the distance between the beam splitter surface of the beam splitter element and the pixel array, so that the test eye point distance approaches the reference eye point distance.

9. The image display method according to claim 8, wherein: Adjusting the distance between the light splitting surface of the light splitting element and the pixel array based on the offset further includes: Laminating the light-splitting element in reverse order on top of the liquid crystal layer, and laminating the second polarizer on top of the light-splitting element to reduce the distance between the light-splitting surface of the light-splitting element and the pixel array; Based on the offset, the thickness of the material between the light-splitting element and the pixel array is adjusted to make the test eye point distance approach the reference eye point distance.

10. The image display method according to any one of claims 2 to 9, further comprising: A dielectric layer is filled between the beam splitting units in the beam splitting element, and the refractive index of the dielectric layer is smaller than the refractive index of the beam splitting element.

11. The image display method according to claim 1, wherein: The displaying of the image to be displayed based on the preset eye box partitioning scheme and the adjusted light splitting element and the liquid crystal screen includes: determining a light emitting state of each pixel in the pixel array based on the preset eye box partitioning scheme; Based on the light emitting state of each pixel, the liquid crystal screen is lit, so that the light emitted by the liquid crystal screen is split by the adjusted light splitting element to form the image to be displayed.

12. An image display device, comprising: A simulation module configured to simulate and obtain a left-eye test image and a right-eye test image of an image to be displayed according to a preset eye box partitioning scheme; The preset eye box partitioning scheme represents the number of pixels covered by each light-splitting unit in the light-splitting element; a calculation module configured to obtain a reference eyepoint distance corresponding to a left-eye reference image and a right-eye reference image, and determine an offset of the test eyepoint distance corresponding to the left-eye test image and the right-eye test image relative to the reference eyepoint distance; an optimization module configured to adjust the distance between the light-splitting surface of the light-splitting element and the pixel array based on the offset so that the test eye point distance approaches the reference eye point distance; The display module is configured to display the image to be displayed based on the preset eye box partitioning scheme and the adjusted light splitting element and the liquid crystal screen.

13. A head-up display device, comprising: LCD screen, optical splitter, memory and processor; The liquid crystal screen is configured to display an image to be displayed; the liquid crystal screen comprises a first polarizer, a liquid crystal layer, a pixel array, and a second polarizer; The beam splitter element is arranged opposite to the liquid crystal screen, and is configured to refract the imaging light of the image to be displayed emitted by the liquid crystal screen, so that the imaging light is incident on different areas of the eye box along different directions; The memory is configured to store instructions executable by the processor; The processor is configured to execute the instructions to implement the image display method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

14. A vehicle comprising the head-up display device according to claim 13.

15. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein at least one instruction or at least one program is stored in the storage medium, wherein the at least one instruction or at least one program is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the image display method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

Images