Component combination for a processing system

Abstract

The invention relates to a component combination for chemical apparatus construction, in particular for devices under pressure and / or shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and to a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.

Description

[0001] Component combination for a process plant

[0002] Subject of the invention

[0003] The invention relates to a component combination for a process plant, in particular for pressure vessels and / or tube bundle heat exchangers, as well as a tube bundle heat exchanger.

[0004] Background of the invention

[0005] In process engineering, particularly in chemical engineering, biotechnology, and energy technology, standard materials such as stainless steel, duplex steel, or nickel-based alloys are generally used to construct complex process equipment such as columns or heat exchangers. However, in certain applications, these materials reach their limits, necessitating the use of higher-quality and / or more durable alternatives.

[0006] These materials also have disadvantages. Due to their low mechanical strength, graphite components generally require thicker walls, which leads to high material requirements and increases the cost of the equipment. Special metals either lack sufficient chemical resistance, are too expensive, or are prone to damage at the welded joints. Plastics, especially mechanically and thermally, are far less resilient than graphite or special metals and also have very low thermal conductivity.

[0007] Furthermore, every connection point between different components represents a potential leak point. The O-rings often used to connect components limit the service life of the device due to material aging and mechanical stress. This aging process is significantly accelerated, particularly under the influence of chemicals and elevated temperatures and pressures.

[0008] The aforementioned problems are particularly relevant for pressure vessels and heat exchangers. Shell-and-tube heat exchangers typically comprise several tubes that pass through typically cylindrical vessel shells. The tubes are enclosed in so-called tube sheets, which are usually located at the cylindrical ends of the vessel shell. A first process medium (also called heat exchange medium) is conveyed within the tubes, and a second process medium flows around these tubes in the heat exchanger chamber located within the housing, enabling heat transfer from the first to the second process medium.

[0009] In conventional heat exchangers, the tubesheets and tubes are usually made of metallic materials. However, in highly corrosive applications, the use of graphite as both a tube and tubesheet material is also widespread.

[0010] Due to their significantly lower mechanical strength, graphite components are significantly thicker than those used in comparable steel applications. Therefore, graphite heat exchangers require more material and thus also have a higher price structure. Due to its relatively soft nature, graphite is susceptible to erosion by fluid and gas flows, especially when particles or abrasive substances are present in the medium. Graphite-based heat exchangers are limited to specific applications where the advantages of graphite outweigh its disadvantages.

[0011] However, the corresponding tube sheets are very thick for stability reasons, which leads to a higher price for the equipment. Furthermore, graphite exhibits ceramic material properties, which, in addition to increased handling effort, requires specific knowledge from the equipment operator for safe operation. Graphite as a material is not technically impermeable and requires complex impregnation with a matrix material (resin) to be used as a heat exchanger material for applications in chemical, corrosive areas.

[0012] TASK

[0013] Against this background, the object of the present invention was therefore to provide a component combination for a process plant with which the above problems can be overcome and which, in particular, enables a reliable, permanently leak-free connection and which can be manufactured at comparable or even lower costs and / or with less effort than the component combinations known from the prior art, and which, moreover, enables greater structural stability and thus a longer service life. Description of the invention

[0014] This object is achieved according to the invention by a component combination according to claim 1.

[0015] The component combination according to the invention is suitable for process engineering plants, particularly in the fields of chemical engineering, biotechnology, and energy technology. The component combination according to the invention is particularly suitable for reactors, columns, absorbers, and / or heat exchangers, in particular shell-and-tube heat exchangers.

[0016] It comprises at least a first and a second component, wherein the first and second components are connected to one another, for example, by a connecting agent such as an adhesive. The component type of the first and / or second component is preferably selected from the group consisting of tubes, tube plates, guide plates, inlet crowns, containers, in particular pressure vessels, nozzles, and filters, wherein preferably one of the components is a tube and the other a tube plate into which at least one tube can be inserted.

[0017] Essential to the invention is the combination of a first component made of a soft but highly inert component material, namely carbon or glass, and a fiber composite material component of high strength, which comprises a reinforcing fiber material and a preferably polymeric matrix material, in particular organic, polymeric matrix material, which at least partially, preferably completely, embeds this fiber material.

[0018] According to the invention, the term "carbon component" refers to a component that comprises > 30 wt.% of a graphitized or graphitic carbon material or a carbon material. If the material comprises combinations of these materials, the > 30 wt.% refers to the sum of the respective aforementioned materials. Preferably, the proportion of the material(s) is > 40 wt.%, more preferably > 50 wt.% or > 60 wt.%, even more preferably > 70 wt.% or > 80 wt.%, even more preferably > 90 wt.%, and most preferably 100 wt.%. The inventors were able to determine that the chemical and mechanical resistance required for technically demanding applications, in particular systems for handling corrosive chemicals, is only achieved with a corresponding carbon content.

[0019] Preferred carbon materials are graphite carbon, graphitized carbon, and amorphous carbon. Graphite is particularly preferred because its thermal conductivity can be utilized in corresponding systems. In a preferred embodiment, more than 50% by weight of the carbon material is present as fiber material, preferably in the form of a fiber material configured in the form of a textile fabric. In another preferred embodiment, less than 30% by weight, preferably less than 10% by weight, of the carbon material is present as fiber material. Such carbon components are preferably impregnated with an organic polymer material, e.g., a resin such as a phenolic resin, which further significantly increases their durability.

[0020] According to the invention, the term "glass component" refers to a component that contains > 30 wt.% glass. Preferably, the glass content is > 40 wt.%, more preferably 50 wt.%, even more preferably 70 wt.%, even more preferably 90 wt.%, and most preferably 100 wt.%.

[0021] The inventors were able to determine that only with a corresponding glass content is the chemical and mechanical resistance required for demanding process engineering applications, particularly systems handling corrosive chemicals, achieved.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, more than 50% by weight of the glass material is present as fiber material, preferably in the form of a fiber material arranged in the form of a preferably textile fabric. In another preferred embodiment, less than 30% by weight, preferably less than 10% by weight, of the glass material is present as fiber material.

[0023] The first glass- and / or carbon-based component may also comprise a non-carbon and non-glass fiber material, wherein the weight fraction of this fiber material is preferably less than 50 wt.%, more preferably less than 20 wt.%.

[0024] The first glass- and / or carbon-based component may also comprise a cured resin material, wherein the weight fraction of cured resin material is preferably less than 70 wt.%, more preferably less than 50 wt.% or even less than 20 wt.%.

[0025] The term "carbon or glass component" according to the invention also includes components comprising carbon and glass, where the sum of these two components is > 30 wt. Preferably, the proportion of the sum of carbon and glass is > 40 wt.%, more preferably > 50 wt.%, even more preferably > 70 wt.%, even more preferably > 90 wt.%, and most preferably 100 wt.%.

[0026] According to the invention, the term "carbon material" refers to a carbon material that is structurally in a non-graphitized and non-graphitic state. It is obtained by carbonizing an organic material, usually by pyrolysis.

[0027] “Graphitized” refers to a carbon material for which a three-dimensional, hexagonal-crystalline long-range order in the material can be detected using diffraction methods.

[0028] “Graphitic” refers to a carbon material with a more or less perfect three-dimensional, hexagonal-crystalline long-range order.

[0029] A “fiber composite material” is understood to mean a material made of two or more connected materials, such as a combination of a fiber material and a matrix material, which has different material properties than its individual components and which can serve as a component of a technical article. Such a component can be, for example, a plate, a cylinder or a housing. However, the term also encompasses fiber composite materials that can form a technical article per se. The fiber composite material according to the invention is a fiber composite material such as, for example, a glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP) or a carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP). The fiber composite material can be produced by joining different materials or by coating a material. However, the fiber composite material is preferably integral, i.e. designed in one piece.Particularly preferably, the fiber composite material is obtained by one-piece curing during its production.

[0030] “Fiber materials” are materials that have or consist of linear, thread-like structures, which in turn are preferably parts of a more complex surface structure such as a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a scrim or a knitted fabric.

[0031] The "matrix material" of the fiber composite material according to the invention serves to at least partially, preferably completely embed the fiber material, i.e., the fiber material. It holds the fibers of the fiber material in position and transfers and distributes stresses between them. In addition, it ensures that the material is gas- and liquid-tight. It is preferably a polymer material, in particular a thermosetting polymer material, but can also be formed from carbon, for example, as in the case of carbon fiber-reinforced carbon. This is preferably a polymer material made from a resin and a hardener. Accelerators, activators, and release agents are preferably used in production, which then, within the meaning of the present invention, are preferably part of the matrix material.

[0032] The matrix material preferably comprises >30 wt.% of a graphitized and / or graphitic carbon material and / or a carbon material. If the material comprises combinations of these materials, the >30 wt.% refers to the sum of the respective aforementioned materials. Preferably, the proportion of the material(s) is >40 wt.%, more preferably >50 wt.% or >60 wt.%, even more preferably >70 wt.% or >80 wt.%, even more preferably >90 wt.%, and most preferably 100 wt.%.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the volume ratio of matrix material to fiber material in the fiber composite material is 5:1 to 1:5, preferably 3:1 to 1:3 and particularly preferably 1:1 to 1:2.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of matrix material to fiber material in the fiber composite material is 5:1 to 1:20, preferably 1:1 to 1:15 and particularly preferably 1:2 to 1:10.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the volume fraction of fiber material in the total mass of the fiber composite material is from 10 to 90 vol.%, preferably 30 to 80 vol.%, more preferably 40 to 75 vol.%, even more preferably 50 to 70 vol.%, and most preferably 55 to 65 vol.%.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the volume fraction of matrix material in the total mass of the fiber composite material is from 10 to 90 vol.%, preferably 20 to 70 vol.%, more preferably 25 to 60 vol.%, even more preferably 30 to 50 vol.%, and most preferably 35 to 45 vol.%.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the weight fraction of fiber material in the total mass of the fiber composite material is from 15 to 95 wt.%, preferably 40 to 90 wt.%, more preferably 50 to 85 wt.%, even more preferably 60 to 80 wt.%, and most preferably 65 to 75 wt.%. In a preferred embodiment, the weight fraction of matrix material in the total mass of the fiber composite material is from 5 to 85 wt.%, preferably 10 to 60 wt.%, more preferably 15 to 50 wt.%, even more preferably 20 to 40 wt.%, and most preferably 25 to 35 wt.%.

[0038] The fiber composite material may also contain pores, i.e., air and / or gas inclusions, which, however, preferably do not exceed 5 vol.% of the total volume of the fiber composite component. Particularly preferably, no more than 3 vol.%, even more preferably, no more than 2 vol.%, and most preferably, no more than 1 vol.%. Fiber and matrix volume fractions, as well as the volume fraction of pores, can be determined using computed tomography analysis, as described, for example, in Willems, Fabian, et al., "Determination of the fiber orientation of long glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics using image-optical analysis and computed tomography," German Society for Non-Destructive Testing, Ed. (2018). For carbon fiber reinforced reinforcement units, the determination of the proportions of matrix material, fiber, and pores can also be performed as described in ISO 14127, first edition, 2008.

[0039] The components of the component combination are often exposed to high mechanical loads in their intended use and therefore have a particularly pronounced mechanical resistance and / or strength.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first and / or the second component therefore has a flexural strength determined according to DIN EN ISO 14125:2011-05 of > 100 MPa, preferably > 200 MPa, more preferably > 300 MPa, even more preferably > 350 MPa, even more preferably > 400 MPa and most preferably > 450 MPa, but generally not more than 600 MPa.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first and / or the second component therefore has a flexural modulus of elasticity determined according to DIN EN ISO 14125:2011-05 of > 10 GPa, preferably > 20 GPa, more preferably > 30 GPa, even more preferably > 50 GPa, even more preferably > 60 GPa and most preferably > 75 GPa, but generally not more than 1000 GPa.

[0042] The inventors discovered that the inventive combinations of a first component made of a soft but highly inert component material, namely carbon or glass, and a high-strength fiber composite component are particularly well suited for constructing process engineering equipment – ​​despite the materials' significantly different coefficients of expansion. These combinations exhibit advantageous mechanical properties, enable a permanently leak-free connection, and can be manufactured with particularly efficient material use.

[0043] Many plant components for use under corrosive conditions, such as tube sheets, are usually made of a corrosion-resistant material approved for pressure-bearing applications (e.g. graphite, special metals such as zirconium and tantalum, plastics such as PFA and PTFE). In some cases, a material composite is used consisting of a non-corrosion-resistant material as the supporting core (e.g. carbon steel) and a shell (e.g. a coating) made of a corrosion-resistant material surrounding this core. The latter carries the risk that damage to the shell / coating could permanently impair the stability of the plant. Since such damage is difficult or impossible to detect, such material combinations are clearly inferior to the component combination according to the invention, which is completely resistant to most chemical media.Compared to solid plastic components, the component combination according to the invention has a significantly higher temperature resistance, and compared to solid graphite component combinations based solely on graphite, it has the significant advantage of non-ceramic material properties combined with high mechanical strength.

[0044] The mechanical loads of a component combination can be absorbed and dissipated much more effectively by the fiber composite material, meaning that the use of a fiber composite material provides additional stabilization for the "softer" component. The fiber composite material also exhibits higher mechanical strength, allowing the tube sheets to be manufactured with thinner walls and thus with less material. At the same time, the weight of the component is reduced, which improves handling during assembly and installation of the device.

[0045] To the same extent, the surface area of ​​the tube sheet relative to the environment decreases, which can reduce damage caused by external influences during operation. Due to the lower thermal conductivity of the fiber composite material compared to the graphite material, in conjunction with the smaller outer surface, heat loss to the environment is reduced and the energy efficiency of the device is increased. The component combination preferably also comprises a connecting means which connects the first and second components to one another and is preferably arranged on the first and / or second component or between these components. Multiple connecting means are also conceivable and advantageous. The connecting means is preferably selected from the group of material-fit, form-fit, force-fit connections or combinations of the aforementioned.The integral connection minimizes potential leak points, as it eliminates the need for a seal prone to leaks, such as an O-ring seal. It is therefore particularly preferred.

[0046] In addition, the service life of a material-to-material connection is generally significantly longer than that of a form-fitting connection with O-rings. O-rings become brittle under chemical and thermal stress, which often leads to leaks. The reduced number of required parts also reduces the complexity of the system, resulting in simpler and more cost-effective manufacturing and maintenance.

[0047] Such a bonded connection is also particularly resistant to mechanical stress, whereas an O-ring-sealed connection can only transmit forces to a minimal extent, in a way that is difficult to quantify, and not homogeneous. A bonded connection is preferably achieved using a resin, preferably a phenolic resin or a multi-component cement, preferably comprising a mixture of carbon powder and phenolic resin.

[0048] By mixing carbon powder and phenolic resin, more homogeneous material properties are achieved between the carbon material and the fiber composite when using a carbon component, thus creating a more stable bond. This effect is particularly pronounced when the first component is a carbon component and the matrix material of the second component comprises or is carbon (as is the case with CFG, for example), or when the matrix material comprises or is at least an organic polymer material. This avoids peaks in temperature, mechanical stress, and chemical attack and distributes / dissipates them throughout the entire device.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, one of the components has at least one receiving section, such as a receiving opening, in which the other component is at least partially arranged with a fitting section and secured with a preferably materially bonded connection. Preferably, one of the components has a fitting section that is geometrically complementary to the receiving section. The receiving section can, for example, be hollow-cylindrical, and the fitting section can be tubular or conical. The fitting section is preferably designed such that it can be positively enclosed in the receiving section.In a particularly preferred embodiment, one of the components has a fitting section that is geometrically complementary to the receiving section of the other component and is preferably secured to the receiving section with the aid of a phenolic resin and / or a multi-component cement arranged between the fitting section and the receiving section. The geometrically complementary receiving and fitting sections are preferably designed to have a tenon, V, or tongue-and-groove geometry.

[0050] Preferably, the receiving section is designed in the form of a straight cylindrical or conical recess.

[0051] Of course, the first and the second component can also each have at least one receiving section, for which a geometrically complementary fitting section is preferably provided on the respective other component.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the components is plate-shaped. A plate is a geometric body that has a significantly smaller dimension in one spatial direction than in the other two. The plate preferably comprises two or more layers, thus achieving a multi-layer structure.

[0053] The plate-like structure makes it possible to achieve any component thickness resulting from the mechanical calculation of the component without having to manufacture specific layer thicknesses. This allows for the customized component thickness to be constructed very cost-effectively, quickly, and extremely flexibly from standard layers.

[0054] Particularly preferably, the second component, which comprises or consists of the fiber composite material, is plate-shaped, and the fibers are aligned along the plane of the plate. Stress on the fibers therefore occurs essentially through bending. The flexural strength of the fiber composite material, determined according to DIN EN ISO 14125:2011-05, is preferably > 400 MPa, particularly preferably > 500 MPa, and most preferably > 600 MPa, but generally not more than 1000 MPa. If one of the components is plate-shaped, this component preferably has a receiving section for the other, second component, which is preferably designed as a tube. Particularly preferably, the first, plate-shaped component is a CFRP or CFC plate and the second component is a graphite tube. In another preferred embodiment, the first, plate-shaped component is a graphite plate and the second component is a CFRP or CFC tube.In a further preferred embodiment, the second component is a CFC pipe and the first component is a collar which encloses the CFC pipe at least in sections. In another preferred embodiment, the first plate-shaped component is a CFRP plate and the second component is a CFRP pipe. In another preferred embodiment, the first plate-shaped component is a CFC plate and the second component is a CFC pipe. In another preferred embodiment, the first plate-shaped component is a CFC plate and the second component is a CFRP pipe. In another preferred embodiment, the first plate-shaped component is a CFC plate and the second component is a CFRP pipe. The corresponding components can be impregnated, preferably with a resin. If CFC components are used, these are preferably impregnated with an organic polymer material, e.g. a resin such as a phenolic resin.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, the first and / or second component is plate-shaped, with the thickness of the plate preferably being in the range of 10 mm to 300 mm. If the plate-shaped structure comprises two or more layers, the thickness of the respective layers is preferably in the range of 3 mm to 100 mm.

[0056] The aforementioned thicknesses are particularly advantageous when the first and / or second component is a tube sheet. The graphite plates commonly used can only be manufactured in greater thicknesses with considerable material expenditure and expense, making this a particularly significant advantage of the invention.

[0057] In a layered configuration of the first and / or second component, the two or more layers are preferably connected to one another in a force-fitting and / or material-fitting manner. For example, the component can comprise one or more pins and / or threaded rods that extend through at least two of the two or more layers, thereby connecting the two or more layers to one another in a force-fitting manner. The one or more pins and / or threaded rods are preferably inserted orthogonally to the plane of the panel. Additionally or alternatively, bonding can be effected using resin, primarily phenolic or vinyl ester resin, or carbon-containing putty. This can be achieved by impregnating one or more layers or by gluing the layers together by inserting the resin or putty between the layers.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first and second components are configured differently, i.e., they differ in terms of their material composition and / or their structural composition and / or their design. In particular, they contain different components, i.e., one of the two components has at least one component that is not contained in the other component.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fiber material has, at least in sections, preferably completely, a planar structure, preferably a textile planar structure, ie, it is present in such a form. Particularly preferably, the fiber material, ie, the fiber material, is present in such a form to an extent of > 50 wt.%, more preferably > 70 wt.%, most preferably > 90 wt.%.

[0060] Particularly preferably, the surface structure is selected from the group consisting of scrims, knitwear, woven fabrics, braids, nonwovens or mixtures thereof.

[0061] Non-crimp fabrics are particularly preferred as they are very cost-effective to produce and provide very good mechanical properties.

[0062] According to the invention, a nonwoven is understood to be a structure made of fibers of limited length, continuous fibers (filaments), or cut yarns of any type and origin, which have been joined together in any way to form a fiber layer and bonded together in any way. This excludes the crossing or entangling of yarns, as occurs in weaving, knitting, lacemaking, braiding, and the production of tufted products. This definition corresponds to the DIN EN ISO 9092 standard. According to the invention, the term "nonwoven" also includes felt materials. Films and papers, however, are not considered nonwovens.

[0063] For the purposes of the invention, braiding refers to the regular interlacing of several strands of flexible material. The difference from weaving is that in braiding, the threads are not fed at right angles to the main product direction.

[0064] According to the invention, a fabric is understood to be a textile sheet structure consisting of two thread systems, warp (warp threads) and weft (weft threads), which, viewed on the fabric surface, intersect in a pattern at an angle of exactly or approximately 90°. Each of the two systems can be composed of several warp or weft types (e.g., ground, pile, and filling warp; ground, binding, and filling weft). The warp threads run in the longitudinal direction of the fabric, parallel to the fabric edge, and the weft threads run in the transverse direction, parallel to the fabric edge. The threads are connected to the fabric primarily by friction. In order for a fabric to be sufficiently slip-resistant, the warp and weft threads must usually be woven relatively tightly. Therefore, with few exceptions, the fabrics also have a closed appearance. This definition corresponds to the standard DIN 61100, Part 1.

[0065] According to the invention, the terms woven and nonwoven also include tufted textile materials. Tufting is a process in which yarns are anchored into a woven or nonwoven fabric using a machine powered by compressed air and / or electricity.

[0066] According to the invention, knitwear refers to textile fabrics made from thread systems by stitch formation. This includes both crocheted and knitted fabrics.

[0067] According to the invention, a scrim is understood to be a fabric consisting of one or more layers of parallel, stretched threads. The threads are typically fixed at the intersection points. Fixation occurs either by a bonded connection or mechanically through friction and / or form fit. The scrim is preferably selected from a monoaxial or unidirectional, a biaxial, or a multiaxial scrim.

[0068] Preferably, the fiber material has an anisotropic structure, i.e., within the functional layer according to the invention, the fibers exhibit a specific fiber orientation. This can produce an anisotropic mechanical behavior of the layered composite.

[0069] The fiber material preferably comprises or consists of fibers with a length > 42 mm.

[0070] The fiber material preferably comprises or consists of long and / or continuous fibers.

[0071] For the purposes of the invention, "long fibers" are understood to mean fibers with a length L of 1-50 mm. The fibers of the fiber material according to the invention preferably have a fiber length L, where L > 25 mm, preferably L > 35 mm, particularly preferably > 42 mm. For the purposes of the invention, "continuous fibers" are understood to mean fibers with a length L > 50 mm. The fibers of the fiber material according to the invention preferably have a fiber length L, where L > 75 mm, preferably L > 100 mm. The use of continuous fibers is preferred. This results in components with particularly advantageous mechanical properties.

[0072] Particularly preferably, the continuous fibers are unidirectional fibers, i.e. the continuous fibers are at least partially oriented in a single direction and are preferably aligned parallel to one another.

[0073] The fiber material is preferably selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, carbon fibers, ceramic fibers, basalt fibers, boron fibers, steel fibers, polymer fibers such as synthetic fibers, in particular aramid and nylon fibers, or natural fibers, in particular natural polymer fibers. Carbon fibers are particularly preferred.

[0074] Natural fibers are fibers that originate from natural sources such as plants, animals, or minerals and can be used directly without further chemical conversion reactions. Examples of these according to the invention are flax or hemp fibers, as well as protein fibers or cotton. Regenerated fibers, i.e., fibers produced from naturally occurring, renewable raw materials through chemical processes, can also be used according to the invention. Such fiber materials are characterized by improved recyclability and thus a particularly high level of sustainability.

[0075] The invention also encompasses a "kit of parts," also called a component system, i.e., the spatial juxtaposition of functionally coordinated components for producing the component combination according to the invention and / or for producing a process plant, in particular for producing pressure equipment and / or shell-and-tube heat exchangers, in which the components are preferably connected. The component system preferably also comprises additional components and / or a connecting means, such as a material-to-material connecting means, e.g., a resin or a kit.

[0076] The components according to the invention are preferably shell-and-tube heat exchanger parts. Preferably, the first component is a tube of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, wherein the tube is preferably a carbon tube, particularly preferably a graphite, CFRP, or CFC tube. Preferably, the second component is a tube sheet of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, wherein the tube sheet is preferably a CFRP or CFC tube sheet. Of course, the assignment can also be exactly the opposite.

[0077] The invention also relates to a tube bundle heat exchanger comprising a housing, one or two tube plates and at least one tube through which a first heat exchange medium can be passed, wherein the at least one tube is preferably connected in a materially bonded manner to the one or two tube plates and the housing is penetrated by the at least one tube to form a heat exchange chamber through which a second heat exchange medium can be passed, so that heat transfer from the first to the second heat exchange medium can take place, wherein

[0078] ■ the at least one tube is a carbon or glass component, and

[0079] ■ one or two tube sheets comprise or consist of a fiber composite material with a fiber material and a preferably polymeric matrix material.

[0080] The at least one tube is preferably a carbon tube, particularly preferably a graphite tube. Preferably, one or two tube sheets are CFRP or CFC tube sheets. Of course, the assignment can also be exactly the opposite, ie, one or two tube sheets are graphite sheets, whereas the tube is a CFRP or CFC tube.

[0081] The invention also relates to a component combination for a quench pipe, wherein the first component is a graphite plate which comprises a receiving section for the second component - a CFRP tube.

[0082] The invention also relates to a component combination for a feed pipe, wherein the second component is a CFC pipe, and the second component is a graphite collar which encloses the CFC pipe at least in sections.

[0083] The invention also relates to a process plant comprising the component combination according to the invention, in particular pressure vessels or tube bundle heat exchangers comprising the component combination according to the invention. EXAMPLES

[0084] The present invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures.

[0085] Short description:

[0086] Fig. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a tube bundle heat exchanger.

[0087] Fig. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of a heat exchanger base of a tube bundle heat exchanger as shown in Fig. 1 with a heat exchanger tube arranged therein.

[0088] Fig. 3 shows a schematic perspective view of a graphite pipe quench.

[0089] Fig. 4 shows a schematic sectional view of a graphite pipe quench.

[0090] Fig. 5 shows a schematic perspective view of a feed pipe.

[0091] Detailed description:

[0092] Fig. 1 shows a schematic of a cylindrical tube bundle heat exchanger 1. The outer structure of the heat exchanger is formed by a pressure-resistant housing 4 with pressure-resistant inlet and outlet chambers 2, 3. The heat exchanger comprises two tube sheets 6 which are fitted into the housing. The heat exchanger tubes 7 are held in the tube sheets 6, forming a heat exchange chamber between the two tube sheets 6, and are surrounded by a first heat exchange medium which is fed to the heat exchanger chamber of the heat exchanger via a first inlet connection 8. This first heat exchange medium is discharged via a first outlet connection 9. A second heat exchange medium is fed in via a second inlet connection 10, transported through the heat exchanger tubes and discharged via a second outlet connection 11, so that heat can be transferred from the first to the second heat exchange medium (or vice versa).

[0093] Fig. 2 shows a section of a heat exchanger base, such as can be used in the heat exchanger of Fig. 1. The tube base 6 comprises a conical, i.e., conical or truncated cone-shaped, receiving section 17 into which the heat exchanger tube 7 is inserted. The end section of the tube forms a complementary fitting section. Using a resin 5, the fitting section can be firmly bonded to the receiving section.

[0094] Fig. 3 shows a schematic perspective view of a graphite pipe quencher 12. A corresponding section of the graphite pipe quencher 12 is shown in Fig. 4. Quenchers are used to rapidly cool hot exhaust gases from furnaces, combustion chambers, and other exhaust gas sources. The graphite pipe quencher 12 has a cylindrical container 13 comprising a pipe quencher base 14 made of graphite with a bundle of vertically installed tubes (=pipes, 15) made of carbon fiber reinforced carbon. The quench liquid is fed in via the quench inlet nozzle 16. The gas fed in at the upper end of the graphite pipe quencher comes into contact with the quench liquid and flows into the vertically arranged pipes. Due to the reducing cross-section, the velocity within the pipes increases significantly, resulting in high turbulence and intimate mixing. The direct contact between gas and liquid ensures immediate gas cooling.A graphite pipe quencher 12 according to the invention comprises a pipe fitting in the pipe quencher base 14 as shown in Fig. 2 and described above, ie the pipe quencher base 14 comprises a conical, ie conical or frustoconical, receiving portion into which the pipe is inserted with its complementary fitting portion.

[0095] Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of a feed pipe with a CFC pipe 18 with a discharge opening 19 provided therein and a graphite collar 20 enclosing the CFC pipe.

[0096] Reference symbol

[0097] 1 shell and tube heat exchanger

[0098] 2 entrance chamber

[0099] 3 Exit chamber

[0100] 4 pressure-resistant housing

[0101] 5 resin

[0102] 6 Tube sheet

[0103] 7 Heat exchanger tube

[0104] 8 first inlet nozzles

[0105] 9 first drain nozzles

[0106] 10 second inlet nozzles

[0107] 11 second drain outlets

[0108] 12 graphite pipe quench

[0109] 13 cylindrical container

[0110] 14 Pipe quencher base

[0111] 15 vertically installed pipes (“whistles”)

[0112] 16 quench inlet nozzles

[0113] 17 Tube sheet receiving section

[0114] 18 CFC pipe

[0115] 19 Dispensing opening

[0116] 20 graphite collar

Claims

Patent claims 1. Component combination for a process plant, in particular for pressure equipment and / or tube bundle heat exchangers, comprising a first and a second component, wherein the first and the second component are preferably connected to one another by a material bond, characterized in that ■ the first component is a carbon or glass component, preferably a graphite component, and ■ the second component comprises or consists of a fiber composite material with a fiber material and a preferably polymeric matrix material.

2. Component combination according to claim 1, wherein the first or the second component has a receiving section in which the respective other component is arranged in sections and fastened with a preferably material-locking connection.

3. Component combination according to claim 2, wherein the material connection is made by a resin, preferably phenolic resin, or a multi-component putty, preferably a mixture of carbon powder and phenolic resin.

4. Component combination according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and / or the second component is plate-shaped and preferably comprises two or more layers.

5. Component combination according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the plate-shaped first and / or second component is in the range from 10 mm to 300 mm.

6. Component combination according to claims 4 or 5, wherein the plate-shaped first and / or second component comprises two or more layers and the thickness of the two or more layers of the plate-shaped first and / or second component is in the range from 3 mm to 100 mm.

7. Component combination according to claims 4-6, wherein the plate-shaped first and / or second component comprises two or more layers and the two or more layers are connected to one another in a force-fitting and / or material-fitting manner.

8. Component combination according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and / or the second component has pins and / or threaded rods to increase the mechanical stability, wherein in the event that the first and / or the second component comprises two or more layers, the pins and / or threaded rods extend through at least two of the two or more layers so that they connect the two or more layers to one another in a force-fitting manner.

9. Component combination according to claim 8, wherein the pins and / or threaded rods are inserted orthogonally to the plate plane.

10. Component combination according to claims 4-9, wherein the plate-shaped first and / or second component comprises two or more layers and the layers are integrally bonded to one another with resin, primarily phenolic or vinyl ester resin or carbon-containing putty.

11. Component combination according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fiber material is present at least partially, preferably completely, as a textile structure, preferably as a scrim, knitwear, woven fabric, nonwoven, felt, in particular short fiber felt, braids and mixtures thereof.

12. Component combination according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fiber material is selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, carbon fibers, basalt fibers, ceramic fibers, steel fibers, polymer fibers such as synthetic fibers, in particular aramid and nylon fibers, or natural polymer fibers such as flax, hemp, or protein fibers, preferably selected from carbon and glass fibers.

13. Component combination according to claims 2-11, wherein the receiving portion is straight-cylindrical or conical.

14. Kit-of-parts for producing a component combination according to one of the preceding claims comprising a first component and a second component as defined in the preceding claims.

15. A tube bundle heat exchanger comprising a housing, one or two tube plates and at least one tube through which a first heat exchange medium can be passed, wherein the at least one tube is preferably connected in a materially bonded manner to the one or two tube plates and the housing is penetrated by the at least one tube to form a heat exchange chamber through which a second Heat exchange medium can be passed through so that heat exchange can take place between the first and the second heat exchange medium, characterized in that ■ the at least one tube is a carbon or glass component, and the one or two tube sheets comprise or consist of a fiber composite material with a fiber material and a preferably polymeric matrix material.

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