A combination for pest control

Abstract

A pesticidal combination comprising as active ingredients a combination of component (A) and component (B), wherein component (A) is isosycloseram, and component (B) is PBO. The present invention also provides related methods for using the combination to control arthropod pests.

Description

[0001]A COMBINATION FOR PEST CONTROLThe present invention relates to combinations or mixtures of a pesticidal active ingredient with apotentiating agent and to methods of using the same to control pests. The combinations, mixtures andmethods of the present invention are particularly suited for controlling arthropod pests such as insectsor acarines. This includes both the susceptible strains and strains resistant to pesticides.Certain active ingredients and combinations of active ingredients for controlling pest attack aredescribed in the literature. For example, GABA-gated chloride channels are targets for a range ofpesticide active ingredients including allosteric modulators of the receptors such as the meta-diamidesor the isoxazolines, for example. Other compounds that are potentiating agents act by inhibition of themixed-function oxidase system (MFOs, cytochrome P450s) which play a role in the metabolism ofexogenous substrates. There is a continuing need to provide pesticidal combinations with potentiatingagents, that provide improved, for example, biological properties, for example, synergistic properties,especially for controlling arthropod pests. The benefits may also be an increased safety profile,improved physico-chemical properties, or increased biodegradability. Certain isoxazoline derivatives with insecticidal or acaricidal properties are disclosed, for example, in WO2011 / 067272. One such isoxazoline is isocyloseram. Polymorphs of isocycloseram are disclosed, for example, in WO2019121394. The major mechanisms by which pesticide resistance can occur include reduced penetration by the pesticide; metabolism of the pesticide (resulting in detoxification); and target-site insensitivity. These resistance mechanisms may exist individually in a particular pest or are found in combination in so- called “multi-resistant” pests where the overall resistance offered can be substantially higher.There is a continuing need to provide pesticidal combinations, mixtures and methods, which provideimproved biological properties for controlling arthropod pests including susceptible and resistant strainsof such pests. The benefits may also be an increased safety profile, improved physico-chemical properties, or increased biodegradability.It has now been found that combinations or mixtures of meta-diamide or isoxazoline pesticides and apotentiating agent provides unexpected arthropod pest control, when the combination or mixture isapplied to the pest, to the locus of the pest or to a locus where such control is desired. Theseadvantages may help in lowering the rates and number of applications of the pesticides to mitigate the pest situation.The present invention provides pesticidal combinations, mixtures and compositions comprising acombination of component (A) and component (B), wherein component (A) is a meta-diamide pesticideor an isoxazoline pesticide; and component (B) is a potentiating agent.In one embodiment, the isoxazoline pesticides of component (A) are selected from isocycloseram andbroflanilide.A potentiating agent is defined as a chemical that does not possess inherent pesticidal activity, butinstead promotes or enhances the effectiveness of pesticides when combined such as by inhibitingP450-mediated detoxification pathways. Examples of suitable potentiating agents of component (B) areselected from sesame oil synergists such as sesamin, sesamolin, sesamex, and safrole, bucarpolate,dietholate, jiajizengxiaolin, octachlorodipropyl ether, perbutin, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), piperonylcyclonene, piprotal, propyl isome, sesamolin, sesamex, sulfoxide, tribufos, verbutin and zengxiaoan. Inaddition to these, essential oils that are secondary metabolites derived from aromatic plants that arecomposed of complex mixtures of chemical constituents or components with different functional groups(e.g., phenols, aldehydes, acids, hydrocarbons etc.) may also act as potentiator, synergist, solvent orcarrier. More specifically carvacrol, thymol, citronellic acid, eugenol, clove oil, geraniol, limonene,eucalyptol and pinene in different ratios with component (A) may help enhance the pesticidal activity ofthe later.In one embodiment, the ratio by weight of (A) to (B) is from 150:1 to 1:150, 100:1 to 1:100, 50:1 to 1:50,or 20:1 to 1:20, or preferably 10:1 to 1:10, 8:1 to 1:8 or 5:1 to 1:5; more preferably from 4:1 to 1:4, from3:1 to 1:3, from 2.5:1 to 1:2.5, from 2:1 to 1:2, from 1.5:1 to 1:1.5, or about 1:1 by weight.In another embodiment, the ratio by weight of (A) to (B) is from 2:1 to 1:150, preferably from 1:1 to1:120, more preferably from 1:1 to 1:60, even more preferably from 1:1 to 1:4.These ratios can be used to create both oil based and water-based formulations with right ratios ofsurfactants and adjuvants. Water based formulations such but not limited to suspensions concentrate(SC), emulsions suspension, (ES), water based pressurized aerosols etc. Similarly oil basedformulations such as emulsion concentrate, pressurized aerosols. In addition to this the delivery of suchformulations as diluted coarse or fine spray or neat fog, mist, or ultra-low volume sprays may furtherenhance its reach and activity due to better dispersion and solvent properties of component (B). Theseformulations and sprays can be used both in enclosed as well outside open spaces.In a preferred embodiment, the pesticidal compositions, combinations or mixtures of the invention comprise a combination of component (A) and component (B), wherein component (A) is isocycloseram.Preferably, the potentiating agent of component (B) is piperonyl butoxide (PBO).In one embodiment, a reference to component (A), isocycloseram is an insecticidal agrochemical withthe following CAS number: 2061933-85-3, and has the following chemical formula: Isocycloseram can comprise the isomer (5S,4R) which is 4-[(5S)-5-(3,5-dichloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)-4H-isoxazol-3-yl]-N-[(4R)-2-ethyl-3-oxo-isoxazolidin-4-yl]-2-methyl-benzamide, and optionally at least one of the isomers selected among isomer (5S,4S), isomer (5R,4R), isomer (5R,4S), and any combinations thereof. In the present invention, the isomer (5S,4S) is 4-[(5S)-5-(3,5-dichloro-4- fluoro-phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-isoxazol-3-yl]-N-[(4S)-2-ethyl-3-oxo-isoxazolidin-4-yl]-2-methyl- benzamide; the isomer (5R,4R) is 4-[(5R)-5-(3,5-dichloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H- isoxazol-3-yl]-N-[(4R)-2-ethyl-3-oxo-isoxazolidin-4-yl]-2-methyl-benzamide; and the isomer (5R,4S) is 4-[(5R)-5-(3,5-dichloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-isoxazol-3-yl]-N-[(4S)-2-ethyl-3-oxo- isoxazolidin-4-yl]-2-methyl-benzamide. When isocycloseram further comprises at least one of the isomers selected among isomer (5S,4S), isomer (5R,4R), isomer (5R,4S), and any combinations thereof, isocycloseram can comprise a molar proportion of the isomer (5S,4R) greater than 50%, e.g. at least 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99%, over the total amount of the isomers (5S,4R), (5S,4S), (5R,4R) and (5R,4S). The molar proportion of the isomer (5S,4S) can be less than 50%, e.g. at most 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5% or 0.1%, over the total amount of the isomers (5S,4R), (5S,4S), (5R,4R) and (5R,4S). The molar proportion of the isomer (5R,4R) can be less than 50%, e.g. at most 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5% or 0.1%, over the total amount of the isomers (5S,4R), (5S,4S), (5R,4R) and (5R,4S). The molar proportion of the isomer (5R,4S) can be less than 50%, e.g. at most 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5% or 0.1%, over the total amount of the isomers (5S,4R), (5S,4S), (5R,4R) and (5R,4S).In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio (in grams of active ingredients) of isocycloseram ascomponent (A) to piperonyl butoxide as component (B) can range from 20:1 to 1:20, or preferably 10:1to 1:10, 8:1 to 1:8 or 5:1 to 1:5; more preferably from 10:3 to 3:10, from 8:5 to 5:8, from 5:3 to 3:5, from4:3 to 3:4, from 5:4 to 4:5, from 4:1 to 1:4, from 3:1 to 1:3, from 2.5:1 to 1:2.5, from 2:1 to 1:2, from 1.5:1to 1:1.5, or about 1:1 by weight. Where used herein, the indication ‘CAS’ followed by a sequence of numbers refers to the Chemical Abstracts Registry number of the active ingredient. Where available or known, active ingredients arealso referred to by their common name allocated in accordance with ‘ISO 1750:1981 - Pesticides andother agrochemicals — Common names’.Isocycloseram as noted above and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) (CAS 51-03-6); are known, for example,from The Pesticide Manual 19th Edition, BCPC 2021.Accordingly, in a first aspect the present invention provides a combination, composition or mixturecomprising isocycloseram as component (A), and, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) as component (B), whereinthe ratio by weight of (A) to (B) is from 100:1 to 1:100, 50:1 to 1:50, 125:4 to 4:125, 25:1 to 1:25, 16:1 to 1:16, or 20:1 to 1:20, or preferably 10:1 to 1:10, 8:1 to 1:8, 6:1 to 1:6, or 5:1 to 1:5; more preferablyfrom 4:1 to 1:4, from 10:3 to 3:10, from 3:1 to 1:3, from 2.5:1 to 1:2.5, from 2:1 to 1:2, from 5:3 to 3:5,from 8:5 to 5:8, from 1.5:1 to 1:1.5, from 4:3 to 3:4, from 5:4 to 4:5, or about 1:1 by weight.Preferably, the ratio by weight of (A) to (B) is from 10:1 to 1:10, 8:1 to 1:8 or 5:1 to 1:5; more preferablyfrom 35:1 to 1:35, from 10:3 to 3:10, from 8:5 to 5:8, from 5:3 to 3:5, from 4:3 to 3:4, from 5:4 to 4:5,from 4:1 to 1:4, from 3:1 to 1:3, from 2.5:1 to 1:2.5, from 2:1 to 1:2, from 1.5:1 to 1:1.5, or about 1:1 byweight.In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of controlling or preventing infestation ofa locus by an arthropod pest selected from an insect or an acarine, which comprises applying, in anydesired sequence or simultaneously, to the pest, to the locus of the pest or to a locus where such controlor prevention is desired, a combination, composition or mixture comprising isocycloseram ascomponent (A) and, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) as component (B).In one embodiment of the second aspect, the method of the present invention is suitable for controllingor preventing infestation of arthropod pests such as insects or acarines that includes crawling pests,vectors (especially ecto-parasites of animals such as ticks, lice and fleas), and flying insects such as mosquitoes, mosquitoes, house flies, biting midges, sandflies, face flies, horn flies, stable flies. This includes both the susceptible strains and strains resistant to pesticides.In another embodiment of the second aspect, the method of the invention is particularly suited forcontrolling insect pests and insect populations including flying, crawling, social or communal insectpests, pests on porous or aggressive surfaces.In another embodiment of the second aspect, in the method of the present invention the flying insectpests to be controlled are mosquitoes including nuisance mosquitoes, mosquito vectors of pathogenic disease and mosquitoes having resistance to insecticides such as pyrethroids.In a further embodiment of the second aspect, the method of the present invention does not relate tocontrolling or preventing infestation of a locus by a Drosophila spp. insect pest including wild type,susceptible, mutant and resistant Drosophila spp.. Such Drosophila spp. flies include wild type or susceptible Drosophila melanogaster as well as L280C or G335A mutants.In a third aspect the present invention provides a method of controlling or preventing infestation ofdifficult to control public health crawling arthropod pests such as a pest from the order Blattodea (e.g.,Blattella spp.) or the order Acarina (e.g., Ixodes spp.) which comprises applying to the pest, to the locusof the pest or to a locus where such control or prevention is desired a combination comprisingcomponent (A), and component (B), in any desired sequence or simultaneously.In one embodiment of the third aspect, the method of the present invention is particularly suited tocontrol or prevent infestation of a locus by public health crawling arthropod pests such a strains of Blattella spp.or Ixodes spp. that are susceptible.In another embodiment of the third aspect, the method of the present invention is particularly suited tocontrol or prevent infestation of a locus by public health crawling arthropod pests such a strains ofBlattella spp.or Ixodes spp. that are pesticide resistant.In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a composition comprising as active ingredient acombination of component (A), component (B), and optionally a component (C) which is one or moreauxiliaries and a diluent or carrier.Certain embodiments in respect to the first, second, third and fourth aspects according to the inventionare provided as set out below.In embodiment 1, a pesticidal combination, composition or mixture is provided that comprises acombination of component (A) and component (B), wherein component (A) is isocycloseram as definedabove and component (B) is piperonyl butoxide (PBO); in respect to any one of the first, second, thirdand fourth aspects.In embodiment 2, a pesticidal combination, composition or mixture is provided that comprises acombination of component (A) and component (B), wherein component (A) is isocycloseram as definedabove and component (B) is piperonyl butoxide (PBO), wherein the ratio by weight of (A) to (B) is from10:1 to 1:10, 8:1 to 1:8 or 5:1 to 1:5; more preferably from 35:1 to 1:35, from 10:3 to 3:10, from 8:5 to5:8, from 5:3 to 3:5, from 4:3 to 3:4, from 5:4 to 4:5, from 4:1 to 1:4, from 3:1 to 1:3, from 2.5:1 to 1:2.5,from 2:1 to 1:2, from 1.5:1 to 1:1.5, or about 1:1 by weight; in respect to any one of the first, second,third and fourth aspects.In embodiment 3, a method for controlling insect pests is provided that comprises applying acombination of component (A) and component (B) to the insect pest, to the locus of the pest or to alocus where such control is desired, wherein component (A) is isocycloseram as defined above andcomponent (B) is piperonyl butoxide (PBO); in respect to any one of the first, second, third and fourthaspects.In embodiment 4, a method for controlling acarine pests is provided that comprises applying acombination of component (A) and component (B) to the insect pest, to the locus of the pest or to alocus where such control is desired, wherein component (A) is isocycloseram as defined above andcomponent (B) is piperonyl butoxide (PBO); in respect to any one of the first, second, third and fourthaspects.In embodiment 5, a method for controlling Blattella spp. pests is provided that comprises applying acombination of component (A) and component (B) to the insect pest, to the locus of the pest or to alocus where such control is desired, wherein component (A) is isocycloseram as defined above andcomponent (B) is piperonyl butoxide (PBO); in respect to any one of the first, second, third and fourthaspects.In Embodiment 6, a method for controlling Ixodes spp. pests is provided that comprises applying acombination of component (A) and component (B) to the insect pest, to the locus of the pest or to alocus where such control is desired, wherein component (A) is isocycloseram as defined above andcomponent (B) is piperonyl butoxide (PBO); in respect to any one of the first, second, third and fourthaspects.Embodiment 7 provides a method according to any one of embodiments 3 - 6 wherein a susceptiblepest species is controlled; in respect to any one of the first, second, third and fourth aspects.Embodiment 8 provides a method according to any one of embodiments 3 - 6 wherein a resistant pestspecies is controlled; in respect to any one of the first, second, third and fourth aspects.Embodiment 9 provides a method according to any one of embodiments 3 - 6 wherein a resistant pestspecies with decreased susceptibility is controlled; in respect to any one of the first, second, third andfourth aspects.Embodiment 10 provides a method according to any one of embodiments 3 - 6 wherein a resistant pestspecies with cross-resistance is controlled; in respect to any one of the first, second, third and fourthaspects.Embodiment 11 provides a method according to any one of embodiments 3 - 6 wherein a resistant pestspecies with metabolic resistance is controlled; in respect to any one of the first, second, third and fourthaspects.Embodiment 12 provides a method according to any one of embodiments 3 - 6 wherein a resistant pestspecies with target site resistance is controlled; in respect to any one of the first, second, third andfourth aspects.Embodiment 13 provides a method according to any one of embodiments 3 - 6 wherein a resistant pestspecies with behavioural resistance is controlled; in respect to any one of the first, second, third andfourth aspects.Embodiment 14 provides a method according to any one of embodiments 3 - 6 wherein a resistant pestspecies with multi-resistance is controlled; in respect to any one of the first, second, third and fourthaspects.In one embodiment there is provided a method of controlling or preventing infestation of a locus by anarthropod pest selected from the order Blattaria (preferably, Blatta orientalis, Blattella asahinai, Blattellagermanica, Mastotermes darwiniensis, Mastotermes spp., Periplaneta americana, Periplanetaaustralasiae, Periplaneta fuliginosa, Shelfordella lateralis, Supella longipalpa, and Supella spp., morepreferably, Blattella germanica, even more preferably resistant Blattella germanica), which comprisesapplying, in any desired sequence or simultaneously, to the pest, to the locus of the pest or to a locus where such control or prevention is desired, a combination comprising isocycloseram as component(A) and, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) as component (B). Preferably wherein the ratio by weight of (A) to(B) is from 150:1 to 1:150, 100:1 to 1:100, 50:1 to 1:50, 125:4 to 4:125, 25:1 to 1:25, 16:1 to 1:16, or20:1 to 1:20, or more preferably 10:1 to 1:10, 8:1 to 1:8, 6:1 to 1:6, or 5:1 to 1:5; even more preferablyfrom 4:1 to 1:4, from 10:3 to 3:10, from 3:1 to 1:3, from 2.5:1 to 1:2.5, from 2:1 to 1:2, from 5:3 to 3:5,from 8:5 to 5:8, from 1.5:1 to 1:1.5, from 4:3 to 3:4, from 5:4 to 4:5, or about 1:1 by weight.In another embodiment there is provided a method of controlling or preventing infestation of a locus byan arthropod pest selected from the order Scorpiones (preferably Centruroides spp, Hadrurus spp, andScorpio spp. more preferably, Centruroides sculpturatus, Centruroides vittatus, Hadrurus arizonensis,and Scorpio maurus, more preferably Centruroides spp, even more preferably resistant Centruroidesspp), which comprises applying, in any desired sequence or simultaneously, to the pest, to the locus of the pest or to a locus where such control or prevention is desired, a combination comprisingisocycloseram as component (A) and, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) as component (B). Preferably whereinthe ratio by weight of (A) to (B) is from 100:1 to 1:100, 50:1 to 1:50, 125:4 to 4:125, 25:1 to 1:25, 16:1 to 1:16, or 20:1 to 1:20, or more preferably 10:1 to 1:10, 8:1 to 1:8, 6:1 to 1:6, or 5:1 to 1:5; even morepreferably from 4:1 to 1:4, from 10:3 to 3:10, from 3:1 to 1:3, from 2.5:1 to 1:2.5, from 2:1 to 1:2, from5:3 to 3:5, from 8:5 to 5:8, from 1.5:1 to 1:1.5, from 4:3 to 3:4, from 5:4 to 4:5, or about 1:1 by weight.In one embodiment there is provided a method of controlling or preventing infestation of a locus by anarthropod pest selected from the order Araneae (preferably, Agelenopsis spp., Eratigena agrestis,Latrodectus mactans, Latrodectus spp., Loxosceles spp., Lycosidae spp., Parastatoda tepidariorum,and Pholcus spp, more preferably Loxosceles spp., even more preferably resistant Loxosceles spp.),which comprises applying, in any desired sequence or simultaneously, to the pest, to the locus of the pest or to a locus where such control or prevention is desired, a combination comprising isocycloseramas component (A) and, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) as component (B). Preferably wherein the ratio byweight of (A) to (B) is from 100:1 to 1:100, 50:1 to 1:50, 125:4 to 4:125, 25:1 to 1:25, 16:1 to 1:16, or 20:1 to 1:20, or more preferably 10:1 to 1:10, 8:1 to 1:8, 6:1 to 1:6, or 5:1 to 1:5; even more preferablyfrom 4:1 to 1:4, from 10:3 to 3:10, from 3:1 to 1:3, from 2.5:1 to 1:2.5, from 2:1 to 1:2, from 5:3 to 3:5,from 8:5 to 5:8, from 1.5:1 to 1:1.5, from 4:3 to 3:4, from 5:4 to 4:5, or about 1:1 by weight.In one embodiment there is provided a method of controlling or preventing infestation of a locus by anarthropod pest selected from the order Ixodida (preferably, Amblyomma americanum, Amblyommacajennense, Amblyomma hebraeum, Amblyomma maculatum, Amblyomma spp., Amblyommavariegatum, Argas persicus, Argas reflexus, Argas spp., Dermacentor albipictus, Dermacentorandersoni, Dermacentor marginatus, Dermacentor pictus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Dermacentor spp.,Dermacentor variabilis, Haemaphysalis cinnabarina, Haemaphysalis concinna, Haemaphysalis leachi,Haemaphysalis longicorni, Haemaphysalis otophila, Haemaphysalis punctata, Haemophysalis spp.,Hyalomma aegypticum, Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma mauritanicum,Hyalomma spp., Hyalomma transiens, Ixodes canisuga, Ixodes hexagonus, Ixodes holocyclus, Ixodespacificus, Ixodes pilosus, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes rubicundus, Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes spp.,Ornithodoros spp., Ornithodorus moubata, Ornithodorus spp., Otobius megnini, Otobius spp.,Rhiphicephalus (former Boophilus) microplus, Rhiphicephalus (former Boophilus) spp., Rhipicephalusannulatus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus calceratus,Rhipicephalus capensis, Rhipicephalus decoloratus, Rhipicephalus evertsi, Rhipicephalus microplus,Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus spp., Rhipicephalus turanicus, and Rhipicephaluszambeziensis, more preferably Amblyomma spp., even more preferably Amblyomma americanum,even more preferably still resistant Amblyomma americanum), which comprises applying, in any desiredsequence or simultaneously, to the pest, to the locus of the pest or to a locus where such control or prevention is desired, a combination comprising isocycloseram as component (A) and, piperonylbutoxide (PBO) as component (B). Preferably wherein the ratio by weight of (A) to (B) is from 100:1 to1:100, 50:1 to 1:50, 125:4 to 4:125, 25:1 to 1:25, 16:1 to 1:16, or 20:1 to 1:20, or more preferably 10:1to 1:10, 8:1 to 1:8, 6:1 to 1:6, or 5:1 to 1:5; even more preferably from 4:1 to 1:4, from 10:3 to 3:10, from3:1 to 1:3, from 2.5:1 to 1:2.5, from 2:1 to 1:2, from 5:3 to 3:5, from 8:5 to 5:8, from 1.5:1 to 1:1.5, from4:3 to 3:4, from 5:4 to 4:5, or about 1:1 by weight.In one embodiment there is provided a method of controlling or preventing infestation of a locus by anarthropod pest selected from the order Coleoptera (preferably, Acanthoscelides obtectus, Adeliumbrevicorne, Adelium spp.., Adoretus spp., Aeolus mellillus, Aeolus spp.., Alphitobius diaperinus,Agelastica alni, Agriotes brevis, Agriotes criddlei, Agriotes fuscicollis, Agriotes lineatus, Agrioteslittigiosus, Agriotes mancus, Agriotes obscurus, Agriotes proximus, Agriotes rufipalpis, Agriotessordidus, Agriotes spp., Agriotes sputator, Agriotes ustulatus, Agrypnus spp.., Agrypnus variabilis,Amphimallon solstitiale, Amphimallon majale, Anisoplia austriaca, Anobium punctatum, Anomalaorientalis, Anomala rufocuprea, Anoplophora spp., Anthonomus consors, Anthonomus corvulus,Anthonomus elongatus, Anthonomus elutus, Anthonomus eugenii, Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomushaematopus, Anthonomus lecontei, Anthonomus molochinus, Anthonomus morticinus, Anthonomusmusculus, Anthonomus nigrinus, Anthonomus phyllocola, Anthonomus pictus, Anthonomus pomorum,Anthonomus quadrigibbus, Anthonomus rectirostris, Anthonomus rubi, Anthonomus santacruzi,Anthonomus signatus, Anthonomus spp., Anthonomus subfasciatus, Anthonomus tenebrosus,Anthrenus spp., Apogonia spp., Ataneus spretulus, Athous spp.., Atomaria spp., Attagenus spp.,Aulacophora femoralis, Bruchidius obtectus, Bruchus spp., Callosobruchus chinensis, Cerotomaarcuata, Cerotoma trifurcata, Ceuthorhynchus assimilis, Ceuthorhynchus spp., Ceutorhynchus napi,Chaetocnema aridula, Chaetocnema minuta, Chaetocnema spp., Chyptohypnus nocturnus bicolor,Chyptohypnus spp.., Cleonus mendicus, Collops spp., Conoderus spp.., Conotrachelus nenupphar,Cosmopolites sordidus, Cosmopolites spp., Costelytra zealandica, Cotinis nitida, Cryptohypnusnocturnus (Eschscholtz), Cryptorhynchus lapathi, Ctenicera aeripennis destructor, Cteniceradestructor, Ctenicera spp.., Curculio spp., Cyclocephala lurida, Cyclocephala spp., Cyclocephelaborealis, Dermestes spp., Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica spp., Diabrotica virgifera, Dicladispaarmigera, Dicladispa spp., Diloboderus abderus, Diloboderus spp., Epilachna spp., Epilachnavarivestis, Epilachna vigintioctomaculata, Epitrix spp., Exomala orientalis, Faustinus cubae, Gibbiumpsylloides, Gonocephalum aequatoriale, Gonocephalum bilineatum, Gonocephalum carpentariae,Gonocephalum contractum, Gonocephalum depressum, Gonocephalum dorsogranosum,Gonocephalum elderi, Gonocephalum hoffmannseggii, Gonocephalum macleaya, Gonocephalummisellum, Gonocephalum patruele, Gonocephalum pusillum, Gonocephalum reticulatum,Gonocephalum rusticum, Gonocephalum seriatum, Gonocephalum setulosum, Gonocephalumsimplex, Gonocephalum spp.., Gonocephalum torridum, Gonocephalum tuberculatum, Gonocephalumwalker, Hadromorphus glaucus, Hadromorphus spp.., Heteronychus arator, Hispa spp., Holotrichiaspp., Hylamorpha elegans, Hylotrupes bajulus, Hypera brunneipennis, Hypera postica, Hypnoidusabbreviates, Hypnoidus nocturnus, Hypnoidus spp.., Hypolithus bicolor, Hypothenemus hampei,Hypothenemus spp., Lachnosterna consanguinea, Lema oryzae, Leptinotarsa decemlineata,Leptinotarsa spp., Limonius californicus, Limonius canus, Limonius infuscatus, Limonius pctoralis,Limonius spp., Liogenys fuscus, Liogenys spp.., Liogenys suturalis, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus,Lissorhoptrus spp., Listronotus maculicollis, Lixus spp., Ludius aeripennis destructor, Ludius aeripennistinctus, Ludius spp.., Maladera castanea, Maladera matrida, Megascelis calcarifera, Megascelis spp.,Melanotus opacaicicollis leconte, Melanotus spp.., Meligethes aeneus, Meligethes spp., Melolonthamelolontha, Metamasius hemipterus, Microtheca spp., Migdolus spp., Monochamus alternatus,Monochamus spp., Naupactus xanthographus, Niptus hololeucus, Oryctes rhinoceros, Oryzaephilussurinamensis, Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Oulema melanopus, Oulema oryzae, Oulema spp., Oxycetoniajucunda, Phaedon cochleariae, Pheletes californicus, Pheletes spp.., Phyllophaga cuyabana,Phyllophaga spp., Phyllotreta cruciferae, Phyllotreta spp., Phyllotreta striolata, Popillia japonica,Premnotrypes spp., Psylliodes chrysocephala, Psylliodes spp., Pterohelaeus alternatus, Pterohelaeusspp.., Ptinus spp., Rhizobius ventralis, Rhizopertha dominica, Rhizotrogus majalis, Scelodontastrigicollis, Selatosomus aeripennis aeripennis, Selatosomus aeripennis destructor, Selatosomusdestructor, Selatosomus spp.., Sitophilus spp., Sitophilus zeamais, Somaticus angulatus,Sphenophorus levis, Sphenophorus parvulus, Sphenophorus sp., Sphenophorus spp., Sternechusspp., Sternechus subsignatus, Symphyletes spp., Tenebrio molitor, Tribolium castaneum, Triboliumspp., Trogoderma spp., Tychius spp., Xylotrechus spp., Zabrus spp., and Zabrus tenebrioides;, morepreferably Alphitobius diaperinus, even more preferably resistant Alphitobius diaperinus), whichcomprises applying, in any desired sequence or simultaneously, to the pest, to the locus of the pest or to a locus where such control or prevention is desired, a combination comprising isocycloseram ascomponent (A) and, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) as component (B). Preferably wherein the ratio by weightof (A) to (B) is from 100:1 to 1:100, 50:1 to 1:50, 125:4 to 4:125, 25:1 to 1:25, 16:1 to 1:16, or 20:1 to1:20, or more preferably 10:1 to 1:10, 8:1 to 1:8, 6:1 to 1:6, or 5:1 to 1:5; even more preferably from 4:1to 1:4, from 10:3 to 3:10, from 3:1 to 1:3, from 2.5:1 to 1:2.5, from 2:1 to 1:2, from 5:3 to 3:5, from 8:5to 5:8, from 1.5:1 to 1:1.5, from 4:3 to 3:4, from 5:4 to 4:5, or about 1:1 by weight.In one embodiment there is provided a method of controlling or preventing infestation of a locus by anarthropod pest selected from the order Hemiptera (preferably, Acrosternum hilare, Acrosternum spp.,Acyrthosiphon spp., Aeneolamia spp., Agonoscena spp., Aleurodes brassicae, Aleurodes spp.,Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothrixus spp., Amrasca biguttula, Amrasca spp., Anasa tristis,Antestiopsis orbitalus, Antestiopsis spp., Anuraphis cardui, Aonidiella aurantii, Aonidiella spp.,Aphanostigma piri, Aphis citri, Aphis fabae, Aphis glycines, Aphis gossypii, Aphis nasturtii, Aphis pomi,Aphis spiraecola, Aphis spp., Arboridia apicalis, Aspidiella spp., Aspidiotus hederae, Aspidiotus spp.,Atanus spp., Aulacorthum solani, Austroasca viridigrisea, Bemisia argentifolii, Bemisia spp., Bemisiatabaci, Blissus insularis, Blissus insularis barber, Blissus Leucopterus, Blissus leucopterus hirtus,Blissus spp., Brachycaudus helichrysii, Brachycolus spp., Brevicoryne brassicae, Brevicoryne spp.,Cacopsylla pyri, Cacopsylla pyricola, Cacopsylla spp., Calligypona marginata, Calocoris spp.,Campylomma livida, Carneocephala fulgida, Cavelerius spp., Ceratovacuna lanigera, Ceroplastes spp.,Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Chionaspis tegalensis, Chlorita onukii, Chromaphis juglandicola,Chrysomphalus ficus / aonidum, Cicadulina mbila, Cimex hemipterus, Cimex lectularius, Cimex spp.,Coccomytilus halli, Coccus spp., Creontiades biseratense, Creontiades dilutus, Creontiades spp.,Cryptomyzus ribis, Dalbulus maidis, Dalbulus spp., Dasynus piperis, Dialeurodes spp., Diaphorina citri,Diaphorina spp., Diaspis spp., Diceraeus furcatus, Diceraeus melacanthus, Diceraeus spp., Dichelopsfurcatus, Dichelops melacanthus, Dichelops spp., Diconocoris hewetti, Distantiella theobroma,Diuraphis spp., Drosicha spp., Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysaphis spp., Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysdercusintermedius, Dysdercus spp., Dysmicoccus spp., Edessa meditabunda, Edessa spp., Empoasca fabae,Empoasca solana, Empoasca spp., Empoasca vitis, Eriosoma lanigerum, Eriosoma spp., ErythroneuraElegantula, Erythroneura spp., Euchistus spp., Eurygaster integriceps, Eurygaster intergriceps,Eurygaster maura, Eurygaster spp., Euscelis bilobatus, Euschistus heros, Euschistus servus,Euschistus spp., Geococcus coffeae, Geocoris spp., Halyomorpha halys, Halyomorpha spp., Helopeltisspp., Homalodisca coagulata / vitripennis, Horcias nobilellus, Hyalopterus arundinis, Icerya spp.,Idiocerus spp., Idioscopus spp., Irbisia pacifica, Irbisia sp., Labops hesperius, Labops sp., Laodelphaxspp., Laodelphax striatellus, Lepidosaphes spp., Leptocorisa chinensis, Leptocorisa spp., Leptocorsiaacuta, Leptocorsia oratorius, Leptodelphax maculigera, Leptodictya tabida, Leptoglossus phyllopus,Leptoglossus spp., Lipaphis erysimi, Lyctus bruneus, Lygus hesperus, Lygus lineolaris, Lygus spp.,Macropes excavatus, Macrosiphum avenae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Macrosiphum spp., Mahanarvafimbriolata, Mahanarva spp., Melanaphis sacchari, Metcalfa pruinosa, Metcalfiella spp., Metopolophiumdirhodum, Metopolophium spp., Monellia costalis, Monelliopsis pecanis, Murgantia spp., Myzuspersicae, Myzus spp., Nasonovia ribisnigri, Neomegalotomus spp., Nephotettix cincticeps, Nephotettixmalayanus, Nephotettix nigropictus, Nephotettix parvus, Nephottetix spp., Nephottetix virescens,Neurocolpus nubilus, Nezara antennata, Nezara hilare, Nezara spp., Nezara viridula, Nilaparvatalugens, Nilaparvata spp., Oebalus mexicana, Oebalus poecilus, Oebalus pugnase, Oebalus pugnax,Oebalus spp., Oncometopia spp., Orthezia praelonga, Orthezia spp., Parabemisia myricae, Paracoccusmarginatus, Paratrioza cockerelli, Paratrioza spp., Parlatoria pergandei, Parlatoria spp., Pemphigusspp., Peregrinus maidis, Phenacoccus spp., Phloeomyzus passerinii, Phorodon humuli, Phylloxeraspp., Phylloxera vastatrix, Piezodorus guildinii, Piezodorus spp., Pinnaspis aspidistrae, Planococcuscitri, Planococcus spp., Plautia crossota, Protopulvinaria pyriformis, Psallus seriatus, Pseudacystapersea, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Pseudococcus comstocki,Pseudococcus spp., Psylla pyri, Psylla pyricola, Psylla spp., Pyrilla spp., Quadraspidiotus perniciosus,Quadraspidiotus spp., Quesada gigas, Rastrococcus spp., Rhodnius prolixus, Rhodnius spp.,Rhopalosiphum graminum, Rhopalosiphum padi, Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicas, Rhopalosiphumspp., Rhopalus maculatus, Riptortus clavatus, Sahlbergella singularis, Saissetia oleae, Saissetia spp.,Scaphoideus spp., Scaphoideus titanus, Scaptocoris castanea, Scaptocoris spp., Schizaphisgraminum, Schizaphis spp., Scotinophara coarctata, Scotinophara lurida, Scotinophara spp.,Scotinophora spp., Selenaspidus articulatus, Selenaspidus spp., Sitobion avenae, Sitobion spp.,Sogatella furcifera, Sogatella spp., Sogatodes spp., Spissistilus festinus, Spissistilus spp.,Stictocephala festina, Thyanta spp., Tibraca spp., Tinocallis caryaefoliae, Tomaspis spp., Toxopteraspp., Trialeurodes spp., Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Triatoma spp., Trioza spp., Typhlocyba spp.,Unaspis spp., Unaspis yanonensis, and Viteus vitifolii, preferably Cimex spp. more preferably, Cimexlectularius, even more preferably resistant Cimex lectularius), which comprises applying, in any desiredsequence or simultaneously, to the pest, to the locus of the pest or to a locus where such control or prevention is desired, a combination comprising isocycloseram as component (A) and, piperonylbutoxide (PBO) as component (B). Preferably wherein the ratio by weight of (A) to (B) is from 100:1 to1:100, 50:1 to 1:50, 125:4 to 4:125, 25:1 to 1:25, 16:1 to 1:16, or 20:1 to 1:20, or more preferably 10:1to 1:10, 8:1 to 1:8, 6:1 to 1:6, or 5:1 to 1:5; even more preferably from 4:1 to 1:4, from 10:3 to 3:10, from3:1 to 1:3, from 2.5:1 to 1:2.5, from 2:1 to 1:2, from 5:3 to 3:5, from 8:5 to 5:8, from 1.5:1 to 1:1.5, from4:3 to 3:4, from 5:4 to 4:5, or about 1:1 by weight.Certain weight ratios of component (A) to component (B) may give rise to synergistic activity. Therefore,according to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a composition, wherein component (A)and component (B) are present in the composition in amounts producing a synergistic effect. Thissynergistic activity is apparent from the fact that the activity of the composition comprising component(A) and component (B) is greater than the sum of the corresponding activities of component (A) and ofcomponent (B) alone. This synergistic activity extends the range of action of component (A) andcomponent (B) in two ways. Firstly, the rates of application of component (A) and component (B) arelowered while the action remains equally good, meaning that the active ingredient combination stillachieves a high degree of pest control even where the two individual components have become totallyineffective in such a low application rate range. Secondly, there is a substantial broadening of the spectrum of pests that can be controlled. Besides the actual synergistic action with respect to pest control, the pesticidal compositions according to the invention can have further surprising advantageous properties which can also be described, in a wider sense, as synergistic activity. Examples of such advantageous properties that may be mentioned are: a broadening of the spectrum of pest control to other pests, for example to susceptible strains, to resistant strains; a reduction in the rate of application of the active ingredients; adequate pest control with the aid of the compositions according to the invention, even at a rate of application at which the individual compounds are totally ineffective; advantageous behaviour during formulation and / or upon application, for example upon grinding, sieving, emulsifying, dissolving or dispensing; increased storage stability; improved stability to light; more advantageuos degradability; improved toxicological and / or ecotoxicological behaviour; or any other advantages familiar to a person skilled in the art.The active ingredients in the combinations of the present invention may be applied to the insect pest,to the locus of the pest or to a locus where such control is desired either simultaneously (for exampleas a pre-formulated mixture or a tank mix), or sequentially in a suitable timescale. The compounds of the combination (i.e. (A), and (B)), and any other pesticides, may be used either in pure form, i.e., as a solid active ingredient, for example, in a specific particle size, or preferably together with at least one of the auxiliary (also known as adjuvants) customary in formulation technology, such as extenders, e.g., solvents or solid carriers, or surface-active compounds (surfactants), in the form ofa formulation, in the present invention. Generally, the components (A), and (B) are each in the form ofa formulation or composition with one or more of customary formulation auxiliaries.Therefore, compounds of the combination (A) and (B) can be used in the form of separate formulations.The compounds can be applied to the locus where control is desired either simultaneously or in succession at short interval, for example on the same day, if desired together with further carriers, surfactants or other application-promoting adjuvants customarily employed in formulation technology.In a preferred embodiment, (A) and (B) are applied simultaneously. Co-application or simultaneousapplication of components (A) and (B) has the added benefit of minimising applicator time spentapplying products to a locus. In the event compounds of the combination (i.e. (A), and (B)) are applied simultaneously in the present invention, they may be applied as a composition containing the combination, in which case each of (A),and (B) can be obtained from a separate formulation source and mixed together (known as a tank-mix,ready-to-apply, spray broth, or slurry), optionally with other pesticides, or (A), and (B) can be obtainedas single formulation mixture source (known as a pre-mix, concentrate, formulated product), and optionally mixed together with other pesticides. In one embodiment, the composition comprises a formulation adjuvant. In a further embodiment, thereis provided a composition consisting essentially of component (A), component (B) and an adjuvantacceptable for non-agricultural pest control use. In a further embodiment, there is provided acomposition consisting of component (A), component (B) and an adjuvant. The compositions of thepresent invention are generally formulated using formulation adjuvants, such as carriers, solvents andsurface-active agents (SFAs) that are suitable for non-agricultural pest control use such as general pestcontrol, or public health pest control.Examples of the above-mentioned arthropod pests are:from the order Acarina, for example, Acaricalus spp, Acarus siro, Amblyomma spp., Argas spp., Boophilus spp., Brevipalpus spp., Bryobia spp, Calipitrimerus spp., Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Dermatophagoides spp,Eotetranychus spp, Hemitarsonemus spp, Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp. (including, for example, A.Americanum), Ornithodoros spp., Polyphagotarsone latus, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Phytonemus spp, Polyphagotarsonemus spp, Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Steneotarsonemus spp, and Tarsonemus spp.; from the order Anoplura, for example, Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Pemphigus spp. and Phylloxera spp.;from the order Araneae, for example, Agelenopsis spp., Eratigena agrestis, Latrodectus mactans,Latrodectus spp., Loxosceles reclusa, Lycosidae spp., Parastatoda tepidariorum, and Pholcus spp.;from the order Hemiptera, for example, Cimex spp. such as Cimex lectulariusfrom the order Zygentoma, Lepisma spp., Lepisma saccharinafrom the order Dermaptera, including Forficula spp., Forficula auriculariafrom the family: Formicidae Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Pogonomyrmex spp, Solenopsis spp.; Camponotus spp. (carpenter ant), Tapinoma sessile (odourous house ant), Monomorium minimum, Tetramoriumcaespitum (pavement ant), Linepithema humile (argentine ant), Monomorium pharaonic (pharaoh ant),Crematogaster spp., Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille), Formica spp., Tapinoma melanocephalum (Fabricus), Dorymyrmex spp., Technomyrmex spp., and Solenopsis geminate. from the order Isoptera, for example, Coptotermes spp, Corniternes cumulans, Incisitermes spp, Macrotermes spp, Mastotermes spp, Microtermes spp, Reticulitermes spp.; drywood termites from the family Kalotermitidae from the order Orthoptera, for example, Blatta spp., Blattella spp., Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Neocurtilla hexadactyla, Periplaneta spp., Scapteriscus spp, and Schistocerca spp.; from the order Blattodea, for example, Blattella germanica, Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta australasiae, Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta fuliginosafrom the order Coleoptera, for example, Acanthoscelides obtectus, Adelium brevicorne, Adelium spp..,Adoretus spp., Aeolus mellillus, Aeolus spp.., Agelastica alni, Agriotes brevis, Agriotes criddlei, Agriotesfuscicollis, Agriotes lineatus, Agriotes littigiosus, Agriotes mancus, Agriotes obscurus, Agriotesproximus, Agriotes rufipalpis, Agriotes sordidus, Agriotes spp., Agriotes sputator, Agriotes ustulatus,Agrypnus spp.., Agrypnus variabilis, Amphimallon solstitiale, Amphimallon majale, Anisoplia austriaca,Anobium punctatum, Anomala orientalis, Anomala rufocuprea, Anoplophora spp., Anthonomusconsors, Anthonomus corvulus, Anthonomus elongatus, Anthonomus elutus, Anthonomus eugenii,Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomus haematopus, Anthonomus lecontei, Anthonomus molochinus,Anthonomus morticinus, Anthonomus musculus, Anthonomus nigrinus, Anthonomus phyllocola,Anthonomus pictus, Anthonomus pomorum, Anthonomus quadrigibbus, Anthonomus rectirostris,Anthonomus rubi, Anthonomus santacruzi, Anthonomus signatus, Anthonomus spp., Anthonomussubfasciatus, Anthonomus tenebrosus, Anthrenus spp., Apogonia spp., Ataneus spretulus, Athousspp.., Atomaria spp., Attagenus spp., Aulacophora femoralis, Bruchidius obtectus, Bruchus spp.,Callosobruchus chinensis, Cerotoma arcuata, Cerotoma trifurcata, Ceuthorhynchus assimilis,Ceuthorhynchus spp., Ceutorhynchus napi, Chaetocnema aridula, Chaetocnema minuta,Chaetocnema spp., Chyptohypnus nocturnus bicolor, Chyptohypnus spp.., Cleonus mendicus, Collopsspp., Conoderus spp.., Conotrachelus nenupphar, Cosmopolites sordidus, Cosmopolites spp.,Costelytra zealandica, Cotinis nitida, Cryptohypnus nocturnus (Eschscholtz), Cryptorhynchus lapathi,Ctenicera aeripennis destructor, Ctenicera destructor, Ctenicera spp.., Curculio spp., Cyclocephalalurida, Cyclocephala spp., Cyclocephela borealis, Dermestes spp., Diabrotica speciosa, Diabroticaspp., Diabrotica virgifera, Dicladispa armigera, Dicladispa spp., Diloboderus abderus, Diloboderus spp.,Epilachna spp., Epilachna varivestis, Epilachna vigintioctomaculata, Epitrix spp., Exomala orientalis,Faustinus cubae, Gibbium psylloides, Gonocephalum aequatoriale, Gonocephalum bilineatum,Gonocephalum carpentariae, Gonocephalum contractum, Gonocephalum depressum, Gonocephalumdorsogranosum, Gonocephalum elderi, Gonocephalum hoffmannseggii, Gonocephalum macleaya,Gonocephalum misellum, Gonocephalum patruele, Gonocephalum pusillum, Gonocephalumreticulatum, Gonocephalum rusticum, Gonocephalum seriatum, Gonocephalum setulosum,Gonocephalum simplex, Gonocephalum spp.., Gonocephalum torridum, Gonocephalum tuberculatum,Gonocephalum walker, Hadromorphus glaucus, Hadromorphus spp.., Heteronychus arator, Hispa spp.,Holotrichia spp., Hylamorpha elegans, Hylotrupes bajulus, Hypera brunneipennis, Hypera postica,Hypnoidus abbreviates, Hypnoidus nocturnus, Hypnoidus spp.., Hypolithus bicolor, Hypothenemushampei, Hypothenemus spp., Lachnosterna consanguinea, Lema oryzae, Leptinotarsa decemlineata,Leptinotarsa spp., Limonius californicus, Limonius canus, Limonius infuscatus, Limonius pctoralis,Limonius spp., Liogenys fuscus, Liogenys spp.., Liogenys suturalis, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus,Lissorhoptrus spp., Listronotus maculicollis, Lixus spp., Ludius aeripennis destructor, Ludius aeripennistinctus, Ludius spp.., Maladera castanea, Maladera matrida, Megascelis calcarifera, Megascelis spp.,Melanotus opacaicicollis leconte, Melanotus spp.., Meligethes aeneus, Meligethes spp., Melolonthamelolontha, Metamasius hemipterus, Microtheca spp., Migdolus spp., Monochamus alternatus,Monochamus spp., Naupactus xanthographus, Niptus hololeucus, Oryctes rhinoceros, Oryzaephilussurinamensis, Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Oulema melanopus, Oulema oryzae, Oulema spp., Oxycetoniajucunda, Phaedon cochleariae, Pheletes californicus, Pheletes spp.., Phyllophaga cuyabana,Phyllophaga spp., Phyllotreta cruciferae, Phyllotreta spp., Phyllotreta striolata, Popillia japonica,Premnotrypes spp., Psylliodes chrysocephala, Psylliodes spp., Pterohelaeus alternatus, Pterohelaeusspp.., Ptinus spp., Rhizobius ventralis, Rhizopertha dominica, Rhizotrogus majalis, Scelodontastrigicollis, Selatosomus aeripennis aeripennis, Selatosomus aeripennis destructor, Selatosomusdestructor, Selatosomus spp.., Sitophilus spp., Sitophilus zeamais, Somaticus angulatus,Sphenophorus levis, Sphenophorus parvulus, Sphenophorus sp., Sphenophorus spp., Sternechusspp., Sternechus subsignatus, Symphyletes spp., Tenebrio molitor, Tribolium castaneum, Triboliumspp., Trogoderma spp., Tychius spp., Xylotrechus spp., Zabrus spp., and Zabrus tenebrioides;Preferably, Red Flour Beetle (Tribolium castaneum), Confused Flour Beetle (Tribolium confusum), RiceWeevil (Sitophilus oryzae), Saw Toothed Grain Beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis), Cowpea weevil(Callosobruchus maculatus), Drugstore Beetle (Stegobium paniceum), Warehouse Beetle (Trogoderma variabile) From the order Lepidoptera, for example Indianmeal Moth (Plodia interpunctella) From the order Diptera (True Flies), for examplemosquitoes (Aedes spp., Culex spp., Anopheles spp.), biting midges in Ceratopogonidae family,Phlebotomine sand flies, Culicoide spp. (such as C. sonorensis) midges, blowflies (Calliphoridae family), House Flies (Musca spp.), horse & deer flies (family Tabanidae), horn fly, face fly, stable fly,house fly. Lesser house fly (family Muscidae);From the order Scorpiones, for example, Centruroides sculpturatus, Centruroides vittatus, Hadrurusarizonensis, and Scorpio maurus;The combinations, mixtures, and compositions according to the invention can be used for controlling, i.e. containing or destroying, pests of the abovementioned type at a locus where pests are present orthat are susceptible to pest infestation. For example, inside or outside of residential, commercial, orindustrial buildings, building perimeters, storage facilities, processing areas, sewers, garbage areas, aswell as in urban areas where pests may breed, areas with high human activity to be protected, and thelike.For mosquito control, the compositions, combinations, or mixtures of the present invention also can beapplied to soil, mud or a to surface such as a porous or aggressive surface by indoor residual spray or the like, for example, after dilution with water before use as an aqueous spray composition. In one embodiment, an aqueous spray composition prepared from a composition of the present invention isapplied to the target pests, to their locus or to a surface or substrate by brushing, rolling, spraying,spreading, or dipping. By way of example, an IRS (indoor residual spraying) application of a surface ofa dwelling such as an indoor surface including a wall, ceiling or floor surface is a contemplated (non-therapeutic) use of the compositions, combinations, or mixtures of the present invention. Such IRSapplications are particularly suited for mosquito control when applied to a locus which is an area of potential or known interaction between a human or mammal and the mosquito, which includes a to locus where a mosquito will rest or can be expected to contact after taking a blood meal (IRS locus).Although the compositions, combinations and mixtures can be applied directly, as noted above, theseare typically applied after dilution with water before use as an aqueous spray composition. In one embodiment, a method for controlling such pests (including mosquito pests) comprises applyinga pesticidally effective amount of the compositions, combinations, or mixtures of the invention to thetarget pests, to their locus, or to a surface or substrate to provide effective residual pesticidal activity on the surface or substrate. Such application may be made by brushing, rolling, spraying, spreading or dipping the pesticidal composition of the invention. By way of example, an IRS application of a surface such as a wall, ceiling or floor surface is contemplated by the method of the invention to provide effective residual pesticidal activity on the surface.In another aspect, the compositions, combinations, or mixtures of the present invention can be used tocontrolling crawling insect pests such as cockroach or ant pests. The compositions can be applied to soil, mud or a to surface such as a porous or aggressive surface or the like, for example, after the composition is diluted with water before use as an aqueous spray composition. In one embodiment, the compositions of the invention can be used to control crawling insect pests or populations by applicationto an indoor or outdoor environment or locus of known or suspected crawling insect foraging, infestation,or harbourage sites. Direct applications including as a spot or crack-and-crevice can be made to areasincluding, but not limited to, pest entry sites, attics, wall voids, behind cabinets or equipment, undercounters or under / behind appliances, and along baseboards and reticulation systems. In anotherembodiment, a method of controlling crawling insect pests or populations comprises application to anindoor or outdoor environment or locus of known or suspected foraging, infestation, or harbourage,including application as a spot or crack-and-crevice to exterior structural elements and also outdoor breeding sites, such as refuse collection areas, loading docks, adjacent tree holes, crawl spaces, or other sources of crawling insect infestations. Where a range of numbers is disclosed herein (for example, 1 to 10, 1:10 or 1-10), this is intended to include all numbers and intervening values within that range (for example, 1, 1.1, 2, 3, 3.9, 4, 5, 6, 6.5, 7, 8, 9 and 10) and also any sub-range of numbers and intervening values within that range (for example, 2 to 8, 1.5 to 5.5 and 3.1 to 4.7). Additionally, it is intended that the both the upper and lower limits specified are included within the range. Where ranges or values used herein are preceded by the term “about”, this term is intended to provide support for both the exact number that it precedes, and also a number that is near to or approximately the number that it precedes. In determining whether a number is near to or approximately a specificallyrecited number, the near or approximating number may be a number, which would be rounded to or besubstantially equivalent to the specifically recited number. For example, the term “about 5” includes5.0, 4.5, 5.4, 4.92, 5.01, and so on. In the pesticidal combinations of the invention, the isocycloseram component (A) can be used as a suspension concentrate (SC), a flowable suspension (FS), a suspoemulsion (SE), a suspension concentrate-capsule suspension blend (ZC), water soluble granules (SG), water dispersible granules(WG), water dispersible tablets (WT), a dispersible concentrate (DC), an emulsifiable concentrate (EC),an oil dispersion (OD), an dustable powder or a bait including a gel bait or granular bait. One preferredpesticide formulation or composition type for component (A) is a suspension concentrate. Another preferred formulation composition type for component (A) is a bait or a gel bait. The above-mentioned formulations can be prepared in using ingredients and techniques well-known in the art, such as for example as described in the document WO2022 / 128912.For example, the isocycloseram component (A) according to the present invention, especially whenused as a formulation or a composition, can further comprise at least one of the components, preferably at least two of said components, preferably the three of said components, selected among a polyoxyalkylene copolymer, an acrylic graft copolymer, and an oxygenated hydrocarbon. In the present invention, the polyoxyalkylene copolymer can be obtained from at least two different alkylene oxides, such as from ethylene oxide and propylene oxide monomers. The polyoxyalkylene copolymer can be more preferably a polyoxyalkylene block copolymer of the AB, ABA, BAB, or ABABA type. More particularly, the polyoxyalkylene copolymer can be prepared by ring-opening polymerization of the corresponding cyclic ethylene oxide and propylene oxide monomers. Typically, the ring-opening polymerization is initiated by addition of water and alkali hydroxides, such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. The block structure of the copolymer is formed by first polymerizing a polymer block using one monomer, before adding a second monomer to form further polymer blocks. In a preferred embodiment, the polyoxyalkylene copolymer can be an ethylene oxide-propylene oxide- ethylene oxide block copolymer (EO-PO-EO block copolymer), or in other words a poly(ethylene oxide)- poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer or a poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol)-poly(ethylene glycol) block copolymer. The polyoxyalkylene copolymer of the invention, and more particularly the EO-PO-EO block copolymer, can have a molecular weight from 1,000 to 15,000 g / mol, and more preferably from 3,000 to 7,000 g / mol. In the present invention, the expression “a molecular weight” means an average molecular weight (i.e. a molecular weight approximately of). Molecular weight of a polymer, or in other words the molar mass, can be easily determined by method well-known in the art, such as gel permeation chromatography (GPC). In a first embodiment, the EO-PO-EO block copolymer can have a polypropylene oxide molecular weight from 900 to 4,000 g / mol, and preferably from 2,000 to 4,000 g / mol. In other words, the polypropylene oxide molecular weight is the molecular weight of the poly(propylene oxide) block of the EO-PO-EO block copolymer. In a second embodiment, the EO-PO-EO block copolymer can have an ethylene oxide content from 10 to 80%, and preferably from 30 to 50%, over the total weight of the copolymer. In other words, the ethylene oxide content is the percentage of the poly(ethylene oxide) block in the EO-PO-EO block copolymer. In a third embodiment, the EO-PO-EO block copolymer can have the features of the first embodiment and the features of the second embodiment. Examples include the GENAPOL®PF series (CLARIANT), the PLURONIC®series (BASF), the SYNPERONIC®PE series (CRODA), or the TOXIMUL®series (STEPAN).The acrylic graft copolymer has typically a comb- or star-like structure, and preferably a comb-likestructure. Graft copolymers are branched copolymers wherein the components forming the side chains are structurally different from the components forming the main chain. Comb-like polymers comprise of a main chain (backbone) which contains branch points from each of which a linear side chain emanates. Star-like polymers comprise of a multifunctional centre from which at least three polymer chains radiate. In a preferred embodiment, the acrylic graft copolymer can be an amphipathic copolymer. More particularly, the acrylic graft copolymer comprises at least one component A, which is solvated by an aqueous medium (hydrophilic part), and at least one other component B which is hydrophobic. Suitable acrylic graft copolymers may comprise polyethylene glycol, mono-methyl ethers of polyethylene glycol, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), poly(acrylamide) or poly(vinyl alcohol) as hydrophilic side chain, while the hydrophobic backbone may comprise polymers and copolymers of styrene, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, or vinyl acetate. Such acrylic graft copolymers can for example be prepared by converting the mono-methyl ether of a polyethylene glycol to the acrylic or methacrylic ester, which is then subjected to radical polymerization with other unsaturated monomers such as styrene, ethyl acrylate, or methyl methacrylate. It is also possible to prepare such acrylic graft copolymers by reacting a hydrophobic polymer backbone, which consists chemically reactive sites such as carboxyl, hydroxy, or amine groups, with monomeric alkylene oxides, such as ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, to form hydrophilic side chains. More preferably, the acrylic graft copolymer is a non-ionic polymer, and more particularly with a comb- like structure. In the present invention, the acrylic graft copolymer can comprise polyethylene glycol and / or mono- ether polyethylene glycol side chains. The acrylic graft copolymer can also comprise a backbone obtained from acrylate and / or methacrylate monomers. Even more preferably, the acrylic graft copolymer can comprise a backbone obtained from acrylate and / or methacrylate monomers, and side chains comprising polyethylene glycol and / or mono-ether polyethylene glycol, giving more particularly the polymer a comb-like structure.For example, the acrylic graft copolymer of the present invention can be Atlox 4913™ supplied byCRODA, or Tersperse 2500™ supplied by HUNTSMAN.The oxygenated hydrocarbon compound can be selected among alkyl ether compounds, alkyl ester compounds, and any mixture thereof; and preferably among polyethylene glycol alkyl ether, sulfonated alkyl ester compounds, and any mixture thereof. In other words, the oxygenated hydrocarbon compound is preferably different from the polyoxyalkylene copolymer and from the acrylic graft copolymer. The polyethylene glycol alkyl ether can be obtained by reacting alcohols with ethylene oxide. Suitable alcohols are linear or branched aliphatic alcohols with a chain length from C2 to C15, preferably with a chain length from C7 to C11, and more preferably with a chain length of C9 or C10. An example can beRhodasurf DA / 630-E™ supplied by SOLVAY-RHODIA,In the present invention, the composition may further comprise water. The composition of the present invention may further comprise one or more formulation additives well- known in the art. In particular, the formulation additives can be selected among an anti-freeze agent, an anti-foam agent, an anti-bacterial agent (or biocide), a viscosity modifier (or thickener), a pH modifier, and any mixture thereof. The composition may comprise component (B) in the weight ratios mentioned above. In a particular embodiment when the active ingredient A is prepared to form a formulation as cited above, and more particularly a suspension concentrate, the formulation may comprise:- from 0.01% to 50.0% by weight of the active ingredient A, and preferably from 0.1% to 40.0% byweight of the active ingredient A, over the total weight of the formulation,- a polyoxyalkylene copolymer, preferably from 0.0005% to 50.0% by weight of polyoxyalkylenecopolymer, and more preferably from 0.002% to 25.0% by weight of polyoxyalkylene copolymer, over the total weight of the formulation,- an acrylic graft copolymer, preferably from 0.0005% to 20.0% by weight of the acrylic graft polymerand more preferably from 0.001% to 10.0% by weight of the acrylic graft polymer, over the total weight of the formulation,- an oxygenated hydrocarbon compound, preferably from 0.0001% to 10.0% by weight of theoxygenated hydrocarbon compound, and more preferably from 0.001% to 5.0% by weight of the oxygenated hydrocarbon compound, over the total weight of the formulation, and- optionally water.The preferred rates of application of combinations (A) and (B) and related compositions of the presentinvention as described in any one of embodiments above are set forth below:In one embodiment, the isocyloseram component (A) is present in a bait composition. When used in abait, the isocycloseram is present in a pesticidally effective amount. Preferably, isocyloseram is presentin the bait composition in an amount of from 0.001 % to 10 %, preferably in an amount from 0.05 to 5 %, more preferably in an amount from 0.1 to 3 %, most preferably an amount from 0.3 to 1% by weight of the entire composition. In one embodiment, for application of a composition according to the method of the invention to controla target arthropod pest, the rate of application of the isocycloseram component (A) will be determinedby the pest to be controlled such as the rates provided on the VIRANTRA™ product label. The suitablerate may be from 1 to 500 mg / m2, preferably from 25 to 200 mg / m2. For example, rate of application may be at least 1 mg / m2, preferably at least 25mg / m2. For example, the rate of application may be less than 500 mg / m2, preferably less than 200 mg / m2such as 110 mg / m2. In another embodiment, thecomposition is applied to achieve 15g ai / ha, and in other treatments 40 g ai / ha; for example, from 15 to60g ai / ha or from 15 to 30g ai / ha . In another embodiment, for application of a composition according to the method of the invention to control a target arthropod pest, the rate of application of the PBO component (B) will be determined bythe pest to be controlled such as the rates provided on the SYNERPRO® product label. For example,component (B) is applied at a rate of from 1 to 300g / m2, preferably from 1 to 200g / m2, and morepreferably from 15 to 200g / m2 or 20 to 150g / m2.The combinations of component (A) with component (B) as described in any one of embodiments 1 -14 above in the foregoing rates can be used in a combination or mixing ratio as previously describedherein.The combinations and compositions according to the invention can be used in combination with otherpesticides, including other pesticides such as insecticides, fungicides, or agents that enhance the activity of the composition according to the invention, in for example chemical treatment or pest control programs. The combination may have further surprising advantages, which could be described as synergistic effects. The main combinations with other pesticides may include but is not limited to such pesticides such asthe diamides such as Chlorantraniliprole, Cyantraniliprole, or Tetraniliprole, Other suitable pesticidesthat may be mentioned are the neocionotinoides such as Thiamethoxam and Dinotefuran, or thepyrethroids such as Lambda-Cyhalothrin.Suitable other pesticides are, for example, pestcides of the following classes of active ingredients:organophosphates, nitrophenol derivatives, thioureas, juvenile hormones, formamidines, benzophenone derivatives, ureas, pyrrole derivatives, carbamates, pyrethroids, diamides, chlorinated hydrocarbons, acylureas, pyridylmethyleneamino derivatives, macrolides, benzoylureas, isoxazolines, and biological agents such as Bacillus thurigiensis strains or bacterially-derived pesticides such as spinosads, avermectins and Cry proteins. The present invention also provides a method for the use of the combination or composition as definedabove for controlling insect and / or acarina pests, including controlling or preventing infestation of alocus by an insect or arcarine pest. It has now been found, surprisingly, that the active ingredient mixture according to the invention not only delivers the additive enhancement of the spectrum of action with respect to the pest to be controlled but achieves a synergistic effect which can extend the range of action of the component A and of the component B in two ways. Firstly, the rates of application of the component A and of the component Bare lowered while the action remains equally good. Secondly, the active ingredient mixture still achievesa high degree of pest control, sometimes even where the two individual components have become totally ineffective in such a low application rate range. This allows increased safety in use. A synergistic effect exists whenever the action of an active ingredient combination is greater than the sum of the actions of the individual components. The action to be expected E for a given active ingredient combination obeys the so-called COLBY formula and can be calculated as follows (COLBY, S.R. "Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combination". Weeds, Vol.15,pages 20-221967):ppm = milligrams of active ingredient (a.i.) per liter X = % action by first active ingredient using p ppm of the active ingredient Y = % action by second active ingredient using q ppm of the active ingredient. According to Colby, the expected (additive) action of active ingredients A + B using p + q ppm of active ingredient is X ^ Y E= X+Y - 100 If the action actually observed O is greater than the expected action E, then the action of the combination is super-additive, i.e. there is a synergistic effect. In mathematical terms, synergism corresponds to a positive value for the difference of (O-E). In the case of purely complementary additionof activities (expected activity), said difference (O-E) is zero. A negative value of said difference (O-E)signals a loss of activity compared to the expected activity. However, besides any synergistic action, the combinations according to the invention can also have further surprising advantageous properties. Examples of such advantageous properties that may be mentioned are: more advantageous degradability, improved toxicological and / or ecotoxicological behaviour, or improved activity against resistant or multi-resistant pests. EXAMPLESThe Examples which follow serve to illustrate the invention. Certain combinations of the invention canbe distinguished from individual components by virtue of greater efficacy at low application rates, whichcan be verified by the person skilled in the art using the experimental procedures outlined in the examples, using lower application rates if necessary, for example 50 ppm, 12.5 ppm, 6 ppm, 3 ppm, 1.5 ppm, 0.8 ppm or 0.2 ppm.Example 1 – Lone Star Tick (LST) Amblyomma americanumMethodology: A study was conducted on the arthropod pest, Lone Star Ticks (LST) A. americanum. Treatmentsincluded solo PBO, solo isocycloseram (ISO, formulated as a 45 g ai / litre suspension concentrate[45SC]), as well isocycloseram + PBO tank mix treatments at comparable concentrations. All applications were applied as a topical spray to 10 adult female ticks in each replicate. The test was replicated four times for a total of 40 ticks per treatment. Females were selected because they are larger and harder to kill than males.Table 1 – Results from application of isocycloseram (ISO) and, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) to Lone StarTick (LST) Amblyomma americanum Rate (A:B)(Ratio Mean % Mortality of Adult Lone Star Tick ISO:PBO) (Amblyomma americanum) Treatment 1 Day 2 Days 3 Days 4 Days After After After After Exposure1Exposure1Exposure1Exposure1Untreated Check 0 n / a 0c 0c 0c 0cPBO alone 30000 ppm n / a 0c 0c 0c 0cISO 45SC alone 500 ppm n / a 0c 50b 80ab 87.5aISO 45SC + PBO 500:30000ppm1:60 75b 97.5a 97.5a 100aISO 45SC alone 1000 ppm n / a 0c 30c 62.5bc 90aISO 45SC + PBO 1000:30000ppm1:30 77.5ab 95a 100a 100aISO 400SC 2000 ppm alonen / a 2.5c 7.5c 45c 47.5bISO 400SC + 2000:30000 PBO ppm1:15 77.5ab 97.5a 100a 100aDemand® CS600 ppm (STD)n / a 92.5a 95a 100a 100a1An analysis of variance (ANOVA-LSD (p=0.05)) was performed to compare the effect of the treatmentson mortality. Means with different letters indicate significant or 95% confidence that the differences inmortality are attributable to the treatment. Conversely, means with the same letters are not significantlydifferent from each other; any variation between them cannot be attributed to the treatment.Demand® CS is a commercially available insecticide comprising Lambda-cyhalothrin. Results: Isocycloseram combinations with PBO showed accelerated and elevated efficacy against Amblyomma americanum. At 1 day after exposure (1 DA-A), a concentration of 1000 ppm isocycloseram (45SC - formulation) + PBO achieved 77.5% mortality; without PBO there was 0% mortality. At 2 days after exposure, isocycloseram 1000 ppm (45 SC) alone achieved a 30% mortality compared to 97.5% for the combination of isocycloseram + PBO. By 4 days after exposure, the isocycloseram solo treatment reached 90% mortality whereas the combination of both materials resulted in a 100% mortality. Throughout the trial, treatments with either only PBO or untreated controls experienced 0% mortality.Example 2: - Brown Recluse Spider (Loxoceles reclusa)All applications were applied as a topical spray to one adult spider per replicate (to preventaggression / predation). The test was replicated 10 times for a total of 10 spiders per treatment.Table 2 – Results from application of isocycloseram (ISO) and, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) to BrownRecluse Spider (Loxoceles reclusa) (Ratio Mean % Mortality of Rate ISO:PBO) Brown Recluse Spider Treatment (Loxoceles reclusa) 1 Day After2 Days AfterExposure1Exposure1Untreated Check 0 n / a 0c 0bPBO alone 60000 ppm n / a 0c 0bISO 45SC alone 500 ppm n / a 70b 100aISO 45SC alone 1000 ppm n / a 90ab 100aISO 45SC + PBO 500 ppm + 60000ppm 1:120 80ab 100aISO 45SC + PBO 1000 ppm + 60000 ppm 1:60 100a 100a1An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare the effect of the treatments on mortality.Means with different letters indicate significant or 95% confidence that the differences in mortality areattributable to the treatment. Conversely, means with the same letters are not significantly different fromeach other; any variation between them cannot be attributed to the treatment.Example 3 - German cockroach (Blattella germanica) (glass cylinder test chamber)Methodology:1. A total of 10 Blattella germanica cockroaches are placed into a cylindrical container (diameter= 6.5 cm, height = 4 cm), applied with petroleum jelly on its inner surface.2. The cylindrical container is then placed at the bottom end of a plastic cylinder (diameter = 20cm, height = 40 cm).3. An amount of 0.45 g ± 0.05 g insecticidal aerosol is sprayed into the cylinder, pointing directlyat the cylindrical container. The spray distance from aerosol nozzle to the cylindrical container is at 30cm. The amount of aerosol discharged is recorded.4. After spraying, all test insects are collected and kept in a clean polyethylene container (mortalitycup) equipped with food and water.5. Immediately, the stopwatch is started to initiate the start of the evaluation.6. The knockdown activity is observed and recorded at designated intervals for a maximum periodof 40 minutes.7. For each aerosol sample, three replicates of tests are conducted.Table 3 – Results from application of isocycloseram (ISO) and, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) to Germancockroach (Blattella germanica) Insecticidal Declared AI Knockdown time, COLBY expected Aerosol Content minactivity (%) D =Formulation (A+B)-((A*B) / 100) Sample No 1 0.10% w / w 30% KD n / a isocycloseram in 40 mins 2 0.10% w / w 98% KD 37% isocycloseram, in 40 mins 0.10% w / w piperonyl butoxide 3 0.10% w / w 10% KD n / a piperonyl butoxide in 40 mins

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A composition comprising isocycloseram as component (A), and, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) ascomponent (B), wherein the ratio by weight of (A) to (B) is from 100:1 to 1:100, 50:1 to 1:50,125:4 to 4:125, 25:1 to 1:25, 16:1 to 1:16, or 20:1 to 1:20, or preferably 10:1 to 1:10, 8:1 to 1:8, 6:1 to 1:6, or 5:1 to 1:5; more preferably from 4:1 to 1:4, from 10:3 to 3:10, from 3:1 to 1:3, from2.5:1 to 1:2.5, from 2:1 to 1:2, from 5:3 to 3:5, from 8:5 to 5:8, from 1.5:1 to 1:1.5, from 4:3 to3:4, from 5:4 to 4:5, or about 1:1 by weight.

2. A combination according to claim 1, wherein the ratio by weight of (A) to (B) is from 10:1 to1:10, 8:1 to 1:8 or 5:1 to 1:5; more preferably from 35:1 to 1:35, from 10:3 to 3:10, from 8:5 to5:8, from 5:3 to 3:5, from 4:3 to 3:4, from 5:4 to 4:5, from 4:1 to 1:4, from 3:1 to 1:3, from 2.5:1to 1:2.5, from 2:1 to 1:2, from 1.5:1 to 1:1.5, or about 1:1 by weight.

3. A combination according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the ratio by weight of (A) to (B) is from1:1 to 1:

4.

4. A method of controlling or preventing infestation of a locus by an arthropod pest selected froman insect or an acarine, which comprises applying, in any desired sequence or simultaneously, to the pest, to the locus of the pest or to a locus where such control or prevention is desired, a combination comprising isocycloseram as component (A) and, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) ascomponent (B).

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the ratio by weight of (A) to (B) is from 100:1 to1:100, 50:1 to 1:50, 125:4 to 4:125, 25:1 to 1:25, 16:1 to 1:16, or 20:1 to 1:20, or preferably 10:1 to 1:10, 8:1 to 1:8, 6:1 to 1:6, or 5:1 to 1:5; more preferably from 4:1 to 1:4, from 10:3 to3:10, from 3:1 to 1:3, from 2.5:1 to 1:2.5, from 2:1 to 1:2, from 5:3 to 3:5, from 8:5 to 5:8, from1.5:1 to 1:1.5, from 4:3 to 3:4, from 5:4 to 4:5, or about 1:1 by weight.

6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the ratio by weight of (A) to (B) is from 1:1 to1:

4.

7. The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the arthropod pest is a crawling insect selectedfrom a Blattella spp. pest.

8. The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the arthropod pest is a crawling acarine pestselected from a Ixodes spp. pest.

9. The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the arthropod pest is a susceptible insect oracarine pest.

10. The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the arthropod pest is a resistant insect or acarinepest.

11. The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the arthropod pest is a resistant insect or acarinepest species with decreased susceptibility.

12. The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the arthropod pest is a resistant insect or acarinepest species with cross-resistance.

13. The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the arthropod pest is a resistant insect or acarinepest species with metabolic resistance.

14. The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the arthropod pest is a resistant insect or acarinepest species with target site resistance.

15. The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the arthropod pest is a resistant insect or acarinepest species with behavioural resistance.

16. The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the arthropod pest is a resistant insect or acarinepest species with multi-resistance.