Pest control composition, and method for controlling plant diseases, plant pests, or sanitary pests using said composition

Abstract

This pest control composition contains: a glycerin ester of glycerin and a fatty acid having 8‒22 carbon atoms; and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phenylpyrazole-based compounds, isoxazoline-based compounds, and meta-diamide-based compounds.

Description

Pest control composition and method for controlling plant diseases, plant pests or sanitary pests using said composition

[0001] The present invention relates to a novel pest control composition and a method for controlling plant diseases, plant pests, or sanitary pests using the composition. This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-060994, filed on April 4, 2024, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] In recent years, in order to achieve sustainable food production with less environmental impact, many countries have set goals to significantly reduce the use of chemical pesticides, and there is an urgent need to develop insecticides that are highly effective at low dosages.In addition, in the field of public health, since insecticides are used in areas closer to people's living environments, efforts to reduce dosage are also required to further increase safety for humans and pets.

[0003] One approach to developing insecticides that are highly effective at lower dosages is to combine an active ingredient with another compound that improves the effectiveness of the active ingredient. For example, Patents 1 and 2 describe that combining macrolide insecticides and neonicotinoid insecticides with glycerin fatty acid esters improves their effectiveness against some pests, but there is a demand for insecticides that show high insecticidal activity against a wider range of pest species.

[0004] International Publication No. 2005 / 036965 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-194258

[0005] An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide a pest control composition containing a novel combination that exhibits high insecticidal activity against a wide range of pest species even at low active ingredient concentrations.

[0006] The present invention includes the following aspects: [1] A pest control composition containing a glycerin ester of a fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and glycerin, and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phenylpyrazole compounds, isoxazoline compounds, and metadiamide compounds. [2] The pest control composition according to [1] above, wherein the fatty acid is derived from a plant. [3] The pest control composition according to [1] above or [2] above, wherein the concentration of the glycerin ester is 0.03 to 125,000 ppm on a mass / volume basis, and the concentration of the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phenylpyrazole compounds, isoxazoline compounds, and metadiamide compounds is 0.003 to 12,500 ppm on a mass / volume basis, relative to the total volume of the pest control composition. [4] The pest control composition according to [3], wherein the concentration of the glycerin ester is 0.3 to 3,000 ppm, and the concentration of the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a phenylpyrazole compound, an isoxazoline compound, and a metadiamide compound is 0.2 to 200 ppm. [5] The pest control composition according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the phenylpyrazole compound is nicofluprole, the isoxazoline compound is fluxametamide or isocycloceram, and the metadiamide compound is either brofuranilide or ciprofanilide. [6] The pest control composition according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the metadiamide compound is brofuranilide. [7] The pest control composition according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the metadiamide compound is ciprofanilide. [8] The pest control composition according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the isoxazoline compound is isocycloceram. [9] The pest control composition according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein the pest is at least one kind of pest selected from the group consisting of arthropod pests, mollusks pests, and nematodes pests.

[10] The pest control composition according to [9], wherein the pest is at least one kind of pest selected from arthropod pests.

[11] The pest control composition according to

[10] , wherein the pest is at least one kind of pest selected from the group consisting of Thripida, Diptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Blattodea, and Acarina.

[12] The pest control composition according to

[11] , wherein the pest is at least one kind of pest selected from the group consisting of Thripidae, Agromyzidae, Culicidae, Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae, Plutellidae, Blattidae, and Tetranychidae.

[13] The pest control composition according to claim

[12] , wherein the pest is at least one kind of pest selected from the group consisting of Asian flower thrips, tomato leafminer, Aedes aegypti, bedbug, Bemisia tabaci, diamondback moth, German cockroach, and two-spotted spider mite.

[14] A method for controlling plant diseases, plant pests, or sanitary pests, comprising applying the pest control composition according to any one of [1] to

[13] to plants, seeds, soil, facilities, or living spaces.

[0007] According to the present invention, even at low concentrations where the insecticidal compound alone does not exhibit insecticidal activity, by combining it with a fatty acid glyceride, which also does not exhibit insecticidal activity by itself, an unexpectedly high insecticidal effect can be achieved. Since the insecticidal component is effective even at extremely low concentrations and fatty acid glycerides derived from plants can be used, it is also effective in reducing the environmental impact. Furthermore, by reducing the amount of pesticide used, it is expected to contribute to reducing pest control costs and carbon dioxide emissions associated with transportation.

[0008] 1 is a graph showing the change in reaction time of western flower thrips when 20 ppm of brofuranilide was mixed with 50 ppm to 3,000 ppm of fatty acid glycerides, as measured in Example 2. 2 is a graph showing the change in reaction time of western flower thrips when 12.5 ppm of brofuranilide was mixed with 1,125 ppm of fatty acid glycerides, as measured in Example 2. 3 is a graph showing the change in reaction time of western flower thrips when 62.5 ppm of brofuranilide was mixed with 187.5 ppm of fatty acid glycerides, as measured in Example 2. 4 is a graph showing the change in reaction time of western flower thrips when 25 ppm of ciprofuranilide was mixed with 75 ppm or 2,000 ppm of fatty acid glycerides, as measured in Example 2.

[0009] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on preferred embodiments. In this specification, the expression "A to B" or the like representing a range of numerical values ​​is synonymous with "A or more, B or less."

[0010] The pest control composition of this embodiment contains a first component consisting of a fatty acid glyceride and a second component consisting of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phenylpyrazole compounds, isoxazoline compounds, and metadiamide compounds.

[0011] Fatty acid glycerides are glycerin esters of fatty acids having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and glycerin. The fatty acids forming the fatty acid glycerides may be natural or synthetic, but are preferably fatty acids derived from plants, such as soybeans, cottonseeds, or rapeseeds. Examples of fatty acids having 8 to 22 carbon atoms include caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, nonadecanoic acid, arachic acid, heneicosanoic acid, and behenic acid. Of these, caprylic acid, capric acid, and mixtures thereof are preferred.

[0012] The fatty acid glycerides can be produced by esterifying or transesterifying the fatty acids and glycerin using a conventional method. The fatty acid glycerides produced include fatty acid monoglycerides, fatty acid diglycerides, and fatty acid triglycerides, and any of these fatty acid glycerides can be used. Among these, a diglyceride of a mixed fatty acid of caprylic acid and capric acid (decanoyloctanoylglycerol) is preferred.

[0013] Examples of the phenylpyrazole compound include at least one compound selected from acetoprole, ethiprole, fipronil, flufiprole, nicofluprole, pyrafluprole, pyriprole, etc. Among these, the phenylpyrazole compound is preferably nicofluprole.

[0014] The isoxazoline compound may be at least one compound selected from afoxolaner, fluralaner, fluxametamide, isocycloceram, lotilaner, sarolaner, isoflualanum, etc. Among these, the isoxazoline compound is preferably fluxametamide or isocycloceram, and more preferably isocycloceram.

[0015] Examples of metadiamide compounds include at least one compound selected from broflanilide, cyprofanilide, piperflanilide, trioxyflanilide, and the like. Among these, the metadiamide compound is preferably either broflanilide or ciprofanilide, and more preferably broflanilide. Alternatively, the metadiamide compound is more preferably ciprofanilide.

[0016] The second ingredient is preferably an active ingredient belonging to Group 30 (GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulators) in IRAC.

[0017] The second component may be a phenylpyrazole compound, and in this case, the phenylpyrazole compound is preferably nicofluprole.

[0018] The second component may be a metadiamide compound. In this case, the metadiamide compound is preferably either brofuranilide or ciprofanilide, more preferably brofuranilide. Alternatively, the metadiamide compound is more preferably ciprofanilide.

[0019] The second component may be an isoxazoline compound, and in this case, the isoxazoline compound is preferably fluxametamide or isocycloceram, and more preferably isocycloceram.

[0020] The concentration of the first component (fatty acid glyceride) relative to the total volume of the pest control composition of this embodiment is, on a mass / volume basis, preferably 0.03 to 125,000 ppm (mg / L), more preferably 0.03 to 112,500 ppm (mg / L), even more preferably 0.3 to 62,500 ppm (mg / L), more optimally 0.3 to 3,000 ppm, even more optimally 5 to 3,000 ppm (mg / L), and particularly optimally 50 to 3,000 ppm (mg / L). The concentration of the second component (at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phenylpyrazole compounds, isoxazoline compounds, and metadiamide compounds) relative to the total volume of the pest control composition of this embodiment is, on a quantity / volume basis, preferably 0.003 to 12,500 ppm (mg / L), more preferably 0.01 to 12,500 ppm (mg / L), even more preferably 0.025 to 6,250 ppm (mg / L), more optimally 0.025 to 3,125 ppm (mg / L), even more optimally 0.2 to 200 ppm (mg / L), even more optimally 0.1 to 100 ppm (mg / L), particularly optimally 10 ppm (mg / L) to 62.5 ppm (mg / L). In this specification, concentrations (ppm) are calculated on a mass / volume basis (mg / L).

[0021] Among these, it is preferable that the concentration of the first component is 0.3 ppm to 3,000 ppm and the concentration of the second component is 0.2 ppm to 200 ppm relative to the total volume of the pest control composition of this embodiment; and it is more preferable that the concentration of the first component is 0.3 ppm to 3,000 ppm and the concentration of the second component is 10 ppm to 62.5 ppm. Alternatively, the concentration of the first component is preferably 50 ppm to 3,000 ppm and the concentration of the second component is preferably 12.5 ppm to 62.5 ppm relative to the total volume of the pest control composition of this embodiment; the concentration of the first component is preferably 31.25 ppm to 3,000 ppm and the concentration of the second component is preferably 12.5 ppm to 62.5 ppm; or the concentration of the first component is preferably 625,000 ppm to 125,000 ppm and the concentration of the second component is preferably 3,125 ppm to 6,250 ppm. Preferably, the concentration of the first component is 750 ppm to 3,000 ppm, and the concentration of the second component is 5 ppm to 25 ppm; preferably, the concentration of the first component is 160 ppm to 800 ppm, and the concentration of the second component is 1 ppm to 10 ppm; preferably, the concentration of the first component is 3,000 ppm, and the concentration of the second component is 0.003 ppm to 0.01 ppm; or preferably, the concentration of the first component is 5 ppm to 50 ppm, and the concentration of the second component is 0.1 ppm.

[0022] The concentration ratio of the first component to the second component (first component / second component) is not particularly limited as long as the effect is exhibited, but is preferably 1 / 100 to 150,000 / 1, more preferably 1 / 50 to 120,000 / 1. Alternatively, the concentration ratio of the first component to the second component (first component / second component) is preferably 0.01 / 1 to 1,000,000 / 1, more preferably 0.01 / 1 to 150,000 / 1, even more preferably 0.02 / 1 to 120,000 / 1, still more preferably 0.03 / 1 to 30,000 / 1, even more preferably 0.3 / 1 to 3,000 / 1, and particularly preferably 2.5 / 1 to 300 / 1. Alternatively, the concentration ratio of the first component to the second component (first component / second component) is preferably 0.03 / 1 to 300 / 1, 0.03 / 1 to 0.3 / 1, 2.5 / 1 to 300 / 1, 2.5 / 1 to 150 / 1, 30 / 1 to 300 / 1, 32 / 1 to 800 / 1, 50 / 1 to 500 / 1, or 120,000 / 1 to 1,000,000 / 1.

[0023] When the second component is a phenylpyrazole-based compound, the concentration ratio of the first component to the second component (first component / second component) is preferably 1,000 / 1 to 100,000 / 1, more preferably 10,000 / 1 to 50,000 / 1, even more preferably 25,000 / 1 to 35,000 / 1, and particularly preferably 30,000 / 1.

[0024] When the second component is an isoxazoline-based compound, the concentration ratio of the first component to the second component (first component / second component) is preferably 10 / 1 to 10,000 / 1, more preferably 100 / 1 to 5,000 / 1, even more preferably 2,000 / 1 to 4,000 / 1, and particularly preferably 3,000 / 1.

[0025] When the second component is a metadiamide-based compound, the concentration ratio of the first component to the second component (first component / second component) is preferably 1 / 100 to 150,000 / 1, more preferably 1 / 50 to 120,000 / 1. Alternatively, the concentration ratio of the first component to the second component (first component / second component) is preferably 0.01 / 1 to 1,000,000 / 1, more preferably 0.01 / 1 to 150,000 / 1, even more preferably 0.02 / 1 to 120,000 / 1, still more preferably 0.03 / 1 to 800 / 1, and particularly preferably 0.3 / 1 to 150 / 1. Alternatively, the concentration ratio of the first component to the second component (first component / second component) is preferably 120,000 / 1 to 1,000,000 / 1, 0.03 / 1 to 300 / 1, 30 / 1 to 300 / 1, 2.5 / 1 to 300 / 1, 2.5 / 1 to 150 / 1, 32 / 1 to 800 / 1, 50 / 1 to 500 / 1, or 0.03 / 1 to 0.3 / 1.

[0026] When the second component is broflanilide, the concentration ratio of the first component to the second component (first component / second component) is preferably 0.03 / 1 to 1,000,000 / 1, more preferably 0.03 / 1 to 800 / 1, even more preferably 0.03 / 1 to 300 / 1, still more preferably 0.03 / 1 to 150 / 1, and particularly preferably 3 / 1 to 150 / 1. Alternatively, when the second component is broflanilide, the concentration ratio of the first component to the second component (first component / second component) is preferably 0.03 / 1 to 0.3 / 1, 2.5 / 1 to 300 / 1, 2.5 / 1 to 150 / 1, 30 / 1 to 300 / 1, 32 / 1 to 800 / 1, 50 / 1 to 500 / 1, or 120,000 / 1 to 1,000,000 / 1.

[0027] When the second component is ciprofanilide, the concentration ratio of the first component to the second component (first component / second component) is preferably 0.03 / 1 to 1,000,000 / 1, more preferably 0.03 / 1 to 800 / 1, even more preferably 0.03 / 1 to 300 / 1, still more preferably 0.3 / 1 to 300 / 1, still more preferably 3 / 1 to 300 / 1, and particularly preferably 60 / 1 to 300 / 1. Alternatively, when the second component is ciprofanilide, the concentration ratio of the first component to the second component (first component / second component) is preferably 3 / 1 to 80 / 1.

[0028] When the pest is a thrips and the second component is brofuranilide or ciproflanilide, the concentration ratio of the first component to the second component (first component / second component) is preferably 0.03 / 1 to 300 / 1, more preferably 2.5 / 1 to 300 / 1 or 0.03 / 1 to 0.3 / 1. Furthermore, the concentration of the first component relative to the total volume of the pest control composition is preferably 0.3 ppm to 3,000 ppm and the concentration of the second component is preferably 10 ppm to 62.5 ppm, more preferably 30 ppm to 3,000 ppm and the concentration of the second component is 10 ppm to 62.5 ppm, or more preferably 0.3 ppm to 3 ppm and the concentration of the second component is 10 ppm.

[0029] The pest in the present invention includes at least one pest selected from the group consisting of arthropod pests, mollusks pests, and nematodes pests. Specific examples of pests include the following:

[0030] Examples of harmful arthropods include insect pests belonging to the order Coleoptera of the class Insecta, such as Acalymma spp., Acalymma vittatum, Acanthoscelides spp., Acanthoscelides obtectus, Adoretus spp., Aeolus spp., and Aethina spp., such as Aethina tumida, Agelastica spp., Agelastica alni, and Agrilus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Agriotes include Agriotes anxius, Agriotes bilineatus, Agriotes coxalis, Agriotes planipennis, etc. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Agriotes include Agriotes fuscicollis, Agriotes linneatus, Agriotes mancus, etc. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Alphitobius include Alphitobius diaperinus, etc. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Amphimallon include Amphimallon solstitialis, etc. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Anchastus include Agriotes spp. Examples of pests belonging to Anobium spp. include Anobium punctatum, etc., examples of pests belonging to Anomala spp. include Anomala albopilosa, Anomala cuprea, Anomala rufocuprea, etc., examples of pests belonging to Anoplophora spp. include Anoplophora glabripennis, Anoplophora malasiaca, etc., examples of pests belonging to Anthonomus spp. include Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomus rubi, etc., and Anthrenus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Apion include Anthrenus verbasci, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Apion, Apogonia, and Aracanthus include Aracanthus mourei.Examples of pests belonging to Araecerus spp. include Araecerus coffee, etc., examples of pests belonging to Aromia spp. include Aromia bungii (Aromia bungii red-necked longhorn beetle), examples of pests belonging to Atomaria spp. include Atomaria linearis, examples of pests belonging to Attagenus spp. and Aulacophora spp. include Aulacophora femoralis, and examples of pests belonging to Baris spp. include Baris caerulescens and Brassicocogethes spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Bruchidius include Brassicocogethes aeneus, examples of pests belonging to the genus Bruchidius include Bruchidius obtectus, examples of pests belonging to the genus Bruchus include Bruchus pisorum and Bruchus rufimanus, examples of pests belonging to the genus Callosobruchus include Callosobruchus chinensis, examples of pests belonging to the genus Cassida and the genus Cerotoma include Cerotoma trifurcata, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Ceutorrhynchus include Ceutorrhynchus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the Chaetocnema spp. include, for example, Ceutorrhynchus assimilis, Ceutorrhynchus quadridens, Ceutorrhynchus rapae, etc., examples of pests belonging to the Chaetocnema spp. include, for example, Chaetocnema concinna, Chaetocnema confinis, Chaetocnema denticulata, Chaetocnema ectypa, Chaetocnema pulicaria, etc., and examples of pests belonging to the Cleonus spp. include, for example, Cleonus mendicus, etc., Clivena spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Colocasia include Clivena impressifrons, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Colocasia include Colocasia brunnea, Cocoderus spp.,Examples of pests belonging to Cosmopolites spp. include Cosmopolites sordidus, examples of pests belonging to Costelytra spp. include Costelytra zealandica, examples of pests belonging to Cryptolestes spp. include Cryptolestes ferrugineus and Cryptolestes pusillus, examples of pests belonging to Cryptorhynchus spp. include Cryptorhynchus lapathi and Cryptorhynchus mangiferae, Ctenicera spp., Curculio spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Cylas include Curculio caryae, Curculio caryatypes, Curculio obtusus, and Curculio sayi. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Cylas include Cylas formicarius. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Cylindrocopturus include Cylindrocopturus adspersus and Cylindrocopturus furnissi. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Dendroctonus include Dendroctonus ponderosae and Dermestes spp. Examples of pests belonging to the group include Dermestes maculates, Diabrotica spp. Examples of pests belonging to the Diabrotica virgifera_zeae, etc., Dichocrocis spp. , Dicladispa spp. Examples of pests belonging to the above include Dicladistella armigera, Dicladistella armigera, etc.Examples of pests belonging to Diloboderus spp. include Diloboderus abderus, examples of pests belonging to Echinocnemus spp. include Echinocnemus squameus, and examples of pests belonging to Epicaerus spp. and Epilachna spp. include Epilachna borealis, Epilachna varivestis, Epilachna virginioctopunctata, and examples of pests belonging to Epitrix spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Epitrix include Epitrix cucumeris, Epitrix fuscula, Epitrix hirtipennis, Epitrix subcrinita, Epitrix tuberis, etc., examples of pests belonging to the genus Epuraea include Epuraea domina, etc., examples of pests belonging to the genus Euscepes include Euscepes postfasciatus, etc., and examples of pests belonging to the genus Eutinobothrus include Eutinobothrus brasiliensis, etc., Faustinus spp., Gametis spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Gibbium include Gametis jucunda, Gibbium spp. include Gibbium psylloides, Gnathocerus spp. include Gnathocerus cornutus, Hellula spp. include Hellula undalis, Heptophylla spp. include Heptophylla picea, and Heteronychus spp. include Heteronychus arator and Heteronyx spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Hylotrichia, genus Hylamorpha, genus Hylamorpha include Hylamorpha elegans, examples of pests belonging to the genus Hylotrupes include Hylotrupes bajulus, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Hypera includeExamples of pests belonging to Hypomeces spp. include Hypera postica, examples of pests belonging to Hypomeces spp. include Hypomeces squamosus, examples of pests belonging to Hypothenemus spp. include Hypothenemus hampei and Hypothenemus obscurus, examples of pests belonging to Laccoptera spp. include Laccoptera quadrimaculata, and examples of pests belonging to Lachnosterna spp. include Lachnosterna consanguinea, and Lasioderma spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Latheticus include Lasioderma serricore and Lasioderma serricorne, examples of pests belonging to the genus Latheticus include Latheticus oryzae, examples of pests belonging to the genus Lema and Leptinotarsa ​​include Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata, examples of pests belonging to the genus Leucoptera include Leucoptera coffeella, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Limonius include Limonius ectypus and Lissorhoptrus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Lycopersicon spp. include Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, examples of pests belonging to the genus Listronotus, Lixus, Luperodes, and Luperomorpha include Luperomorpha xanthodera, examples of pests belonging to the genus Lycopersicon spp. include Lyctus brunneus and Lyctus brunneus, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Medithia include Medithia niglobilineata and Megacyllenha spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Megascelis include Megacyllenha robiniae, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Megascelis and the genus Melanotus include Melanotus fortnumi, Melanotus legatus,Examples of pests belonging to Melagethes spp. include Melagethes aeneus, Melagethes okinawensis, Melagethes tamsuyensis, etc. Examples of pests belonging to Melolontha spp. include Melolontha m olontha, etc. Examples of pests belonging to Migdolus spp. include Migdolus fryanus, Migdolus fryanus, etc. Examples of pests belonging to Monochamus spp. include Monochamus alternatus, etc., Myochrous spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Naupactus include Myochrousus denticollis, examples of pests belonging to the genus Naupactus include Naupactus xanthographus, examples of pests belonging to Necrobia spp., Neogalerucella spp., and Niptus spp. include Niptus hololeucus, examples of pests belonging to the genus Oryctes include Oryctes rhinoceros, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Oryzaephilus include Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Oryzaphagus spp. Examples of pests belonging to Otiorhynchus spp. include, for example, Oryzaphagus oryzae, examples of pests belonging to Otiorhynchus spp. include, for example, Otiorhynchus cribricollis, Otiorhynchus ligustici, Otiorhynchus ovatus, Otiorhynchus rugosostriarus, Otiorhynchus sulcatus, and examples of pests belonging to Oulema spp. include, for example, Oulema melanopus, Oulema oryzae, and Oxycetonia spp. Examples of pests belonging to the species Paederus include Paederus fuscipes, and examples of pests belonging to the species Phaedon include:Examples of pests belonging to the genus Phyllophaga include Phaedon brassicae and Phaedon cochleariae, examples of pests belonging to the genus Phyllophaga include Phylophaga crinita and Phylophaga helleri, examples of pests belonging to the genus Phylloteta include Phyllotreta armoraciae, Phyllotreta cruciferae, Phyllotreta pusilla, Phyllotreta ramosa, and Phyllotreta striolata, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Popillia include Popillia spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Pseudomonas include Popillia japonica, examples of pests belonging to the genus Premnotrypes and Prostephanus include Prostephanus truncatus, examples of pests belonging to the genus Psacothea include Psacothea hilaris, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Psylliodes include Psylliodes affinis, Psylliodes angusticollis, Psylliodes chrysocephala, Psylliodes punctulata, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Ptinus include Psylliodes affinis, Psylliodes angusticollis, Psylliodes chrysocephala, Psylliodes punctulata, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Psylliodes ... Examples of pests belonging to the genus Pubes include Pubes cens, examples of pests belonging to the genus Rhabdoscelus include Rhabdoscelus linearticollis, examples of pests belonging to the genus Rhizobius include Rhizobius ventralis, examples of pests belonging to the genus Rhizopertha include Rhizopertha dominica, examples of pests belonging to the genus Rhizotrogus include Rhizotrogus majalis, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Rhynchites include Rhynchites spp. Examples of pests belonging to the Rhynchites species include Rhynchites heros, examples of pests belonging to the Rhynchophorus species include Rhynchophorus ferrugineus and Rhynchophorus palmarum, and examples of pests belonging to the Scepticus species includeExamples of pests belonging to Scolytus spp. include Scepticus griseus and Scepticus uniformis, examples of pests belonging to Scolytus spp. include Scolytus multistriatus, examples of pests belonging to Sinoxylon spp. include Sinoxylon performans, examples of pests belonging to Sitophilus spp. include Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus linearis, Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, etc., and examples of pests belonging to Sphenophorus spp. include Sphenophorus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Stegobium include Sphenophorus callosus, Sphenophorus levis, Sphenophorus venatus, Sphenophorus venatus_vestitus, etc. Examples of pests belonging to Stegobium spp. include Stegobium paniceum, etc., and Stenolophus lecontei, and examples of pests belonging to Sternechus spp. include Sternechus paludatus, Sternechus subsignatus, etc., Symphylates spp., Tanymecus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Tenebrio include Tanymecus dilaticollis, Tanymecus indicus, and Tanymecus palliatus, examples of pests belonging to Tenebrio spp. include Tenebrio molitor, examples of pests belonging to Tenebrioides spp. include Tenebrioides mauretanicus, and examples of pests belonging to Tomarus spp. include Tomarus gibbosus, Tomicus piniperda, and Tribolium spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Tribolium include Tribolium audax, Tribolium castaneum, and Tribolium confusum, and examples of pests belonging to Trogoderma spp. include Trogoderma granarium, Tychius spp.,Examples of pests belonging to Xylotrechus spp. include Xylotrechus pyrrhoderus, examples of pests belonging to Zabrotes spp. include Zabrotes subfasciatus, and examples of pests belonging to Zabrus spp. include plant pests such as Zabrus tenebrioides.

[0031] Examples of pests belonging to the order Dermaptera of the class Insecta include plant disease pests or sanitary pests such as Anisolabis spp., Anisolabis maritime, Forficula spp., Forficula auricularia, and Labidura spp., Labidura riparia.

[0032] Examples of pests belonging to the order Diptera of the class Insecta include Aedes spp., such as Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes sticticus, and Aedes vexans, and examples of pests belonging to Agromyza spp., such as Agromyza frontella, Agromyza oryzae, and Agromyza parvicornis, as well as Anastrepha spp. and Anopheles spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Anopheles include Anopheles albimanus, Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles coluzzii, Anopheles darlingi, Anopheles farauti, Anopheles funestus, Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles minimus, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles sundaicus, and the like, and Asphondylia spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Bacteroides include Asphondylia yushimai, examples of pests belonging to the genus Bacteroides include Bacteroides cucurbitae, Bacteroides dorsalis, Bacteroides latifrons, Bacteroides oleae, Bacteroides tryoni, etc., examples of pests belonging to the genus Bibio include Bibio hortulanus, etc., examples of pests belonging to the genus Bradysia include Bradysia diffformis and Bradysia odoriphaga, etc., and examples of pests belonging to the genus Calliphora include Asphondylia yushimai, examples of pests belonging to the genus Bacteroides include Bacteroides cucurbitae, Bacteroides dorsalis, Bacteroides latifrons, Bacteroides oleae, Bacteroides tryoni, etc., examples of pests belonging to the genus Bibio include Bibio hortulanus, etc., examples of pests belonging to the genus Bradysia include Bradysia diffformis and Bradysia odoriphaga, etc., and examples of pests belonging to the genus Calliphora include Asphondylia yushimai, etc., examples of pests belonging to the genus Bacteroides ... Examples of pests belonging to the genus Ceratitis include Calliphora erythrocephala and Calliphora vicina, examples of pests belonging to the genus Ceratitis include Ceratitis capitata, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Chironomus include Chironomus plumosus and Chironomus yoshimatsui.Examples of pests belonging to Chlorops spp. include Chlorops oryzae, examples of pests belonging to Chromatomyia spp. include Chromatomyia horticola, examples of pests belonging to Chrysomya spp., Chrysops spp., and Chrysozona spp. include Chrysozona pluvialis, and examples of pests belonging to Clogmia spp. include Clogmia albipunctata, Cochliomya spp., and Contarinia spp. Examples of pests belonging to Cordy spp. include, for example, Contarinia johnsoni, Contarinia nasturti, Contarinia pyrivora, Contarinia schulzi, Contarinia sorghicola, Contarinia tritici, etc., examples of pests belonging to Cordy spp. include, for example, Cordy lobia anthropophaga, etc., examples of pests belonging to Cricotopus spp. include, for example, Cricotopus sylvestris, etc., and examples of pests belonging to Culex spp. include, for example, Culex pipiens, Culex pipiens f. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Culicoides include Culicoides spp., Culicateta spp., Cuterebra spp., and Dacus include Dacus oleae, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Dasineura include Dasineura brassicae, Delia spp., and Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, and Culex vishnui. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Dermatobia include Delia antiqua, Delia coarctata, Delia florilegas, Delia platura, and Delia radicum, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Dermatobia include Dermatobia hominis.Examples of pests belonging to Diopsis spp. include Diopsis macrophthalma, etc., examples of pests belonging to Drosophila spp. include Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila suzukii, and examples of pests belonging to Drosophila melanogaster, Echinocnemus spp., and Euleia spp. include Euleia heraclei, etc., Fannia spp., Gasterophilus spp., and Glossina spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Glyptotendipes include Glyptotendipes tokunagai, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Haematobia include Haematobia irritans, Haematopota spp., Hippobosca spp., and Hydrellia spp. Examples of pests belonging to the Hylemya spp. and Hypoderma spp. include Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum, and examples of pests belonging to the Leptoconops spp. include Leptoconops nipponensis and Liriomyza spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Liriomyza include Liriomyza brassicae, Liriomyza bryoniae, Liriomyza chinensis, Liriomyza huidobrensis, Liriomyza sativa, Liriomyza sativae, and Liriomyza trifolii. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Lucilia include Lucilia cuprina. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Lutzomyia, Mansonia, and Mayetiola include Mayetiola destructor.Examples of pests belonging to Megaseria spp. include Megaseria spiralis, etc., examples of pests belonging to Melophagus spp. include Melophagus ovinus, etc., examples of pests belonging to Musca spp. include Musca domestica and Musca domestica vicina, examples of pests belonging to Muscina spp. include Muscina stabulans, etc., examples of pests belonging to Oestrus spp. include Oestrus ovis, etc., and Orseolia spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Paralatytarsus include Orseolia oryzae, examples of pests belonging to the genus Oscinella include Oscinella frit, examples of pests belonging to the genus Paralatytarsus include Paralatytarsus subcincta, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Paralatytarsus and the genus Pegomya include Pegomya beta, Pegomya cunicularia, Pegomya hyoscyami, Pegomya rubivora, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Pegomya or Pegomya spp. Examples of pests belonging to the Phlebotomus spp., Phorbia spp., Phormia spp., and Piophila spp. include, for example, Piophila casei, examples of pests belonging to Platyparea spp. include, for example, Platyparea poeciloptera, examples of pests belonging to Prodiplosis spp. and Prosimulium spp. include, for example, Prosimulium yezoensis, examples of pests belonging to Psila spp. include, for example, Psila rosae, and Rhacochlaena spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Rhagoletis include, for example, Rhacochlaena japonica, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Rhagoletis include, for example, Rhagoletis cingulata, Rhagoletis complete, Rhagoletis fausta,Examples of pests belonging to the Sarcophaga spp. and Simulium spp. include Rhagoletis indifferens, Rhagoletis mendax, Rhagoletis pomonella, etc., examples of pests belonging to the Sarcophaga spp. and Simulium spp. include Simulium damnosum, Simulium japonicum, Simulium meridionale, Simulium ornatum, etc., and examples of pests belonging to the Sitodiplosis spp. include Sitodiplosis mosellana, etc., and Stomoxys spp. Examples of pests belonging to Tabanus spp. include, for example, Stomoxys calcitrans, examples of pests belonging to Tabanus spp. include, for example, Tabanus trigonus, examples of pests belonging to Telmatoscopus spp. include, for example, Telmatoscopus albipunctatus, examples of pests belonging to Tetanops spp. include, for example, Tetanops myopaeformis, examples of pests belonging to Tipula spp. include, for example, Tipula aino, Tipula oleracea, Tipula paludosa, Tipula simplex, etc., and Toxotrypana spp. Examples of pests belonging to the above group include plant pests or sanitary pests such as Toxotrypana curvicauda.

[0033] Examples of pests belonging to the order Hemiptera of the class Insecta include, for example, Abgrallaspis spp., such as Abgrallaspis cyanophylli, examples of pests belonging to Acanthocoris spp., such as Acanthocoris sordidus, examples of pests belonging to Acizzia spp., such as Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae, Acizzia dodonaeae, Acizzia uncatoides, and examples of pests belonging to Acrida spp., such as Acrida turrita, and Acrogonia spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Acyrthosiphon include Acyrthosiphon pisum, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Acyrthosiphon and Adelges include Adelges piceae and Adelges tsugae, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Adelphocoris include Adelphocoris lineolatus and Adelphocoris triannulatus, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Aelia include Aeneolamia, Aeschynteles, and the like. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Aleurocanthus include Aeschynteles maculatus, examples of pests belonging to the genus Agnoscena and the genus Aguriahana include Aguriahana quercus, examples of pests belonging to the genus Aleurocanthus include Aleurocanthus camelliae and Aleurocanthus spiniferus, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Aleurolobus include Aleurolobus barodensis and Aleurolobus taonabae, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Aleurothrixus include Aleurocanthus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Aleyrodes include Aleurothrixus floccosus, examples of pests belonging to the genus Aleyrodes include Aleyrodes proletella, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Allocaridara includeExamples of pests belonging to Alnetoidia spp. include Allocaridara malayensis, etc., examples of pests belonging to Alnetoidia spp. include Alnetoidia alneti, etc., examples of pests belonging to Amrasca spp. include Amrasca biguttula biguttula and Amrasca devastans, examples of pests belonging to Anacanthocoris spp. include Anacanthocoris stricornis, etc., examples of pests belonging to Anasa spp. include Anasa tristis, etc., and Andasspis spp. Examples of pests belonging to the species include Andaspis kashicola, examples of pests belonging to Anomomeura spp. include Anomomeura mori, examples of pests belonging to Antestiopsis spp. and Anuraphis spp. include Anuraphis cardui, and examples of pests belonging to Aonidiella spp. include Aonidiella aurantii, Aonidiella citrina, Aonidiella inornata, and Aphanostigma spp. Examples of pests belonging to the Aphelonia spp. include Aphanostigma piri, examples of pests belonging to the Aphelonia spp. include Aphelonia ferruginea, and examples of pests belonging to the Aphidonuguis spp. include Aphidonuguis mali, and examples of pests belonging to the Aphis spp. include Aphidonuguis mali. Examples of pests belonging to Aphis citricola, Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis farinose_yanagicola, Aphis forbesi, Aphis glycines, Aphis gossypii, Aphis hederae, Aphis illinoisensis, Aphis middletoni, Aphis nasturtii, Aphis nerii, Aphis pomi, Aphis spiraecola, Aphis viburniphila, etc., Aphrastasia spp. Examples of pests that belong to this category include:Examples of pests belonging to Aphrophora spp. include Aphrastasia pectinatae, etc., examples of pests belonging to Aphrophora spp. include Aphrophora costalis, Aphrophora flavipes, Aphrophora intermedia, etc., examples of pests belonging to Apolygus spp. include Apolygus lucorum, Apolygus spinolai, etc., and examples of pests belonging to Arboridia spp. include Arboridia apicalis, etc., Arytainilla spp., Aspidiella spp., Aspidiotus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Atanus include Aspidiotus destructor, Aspidiotus hederae, Aspidiotus nerii, examples of pests belonging to the genus Atanus and the genus Aulacorthum include Aulacorthum solani, examples of pests belonging to the genus Bactericera include Bactericera cockerelli, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Balculutha include Balculutha saltuella and Bemisia spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Blastopsylla include Bemisia argentifolii and Bemisia tabaci, examples of pests belonging to the genus Blastopsylla include Blastopsylla occidentalis, examples of pests belonging to the genus Blissus include Blissus leucopterus, examples of pests belonging to the genus Boisea and Boreioglycaspis include Boreioglycaspis melaleucae, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Bothrogonia include Boisea spp. and Boreioglycaspis spp. include Boreioglycaspis melaleucae. Examples of pests belonging to Brachycaudus spp. include, for example, Bothrogonia japonica, examples of pests belonging to Brachycaudus spp. include, for example, Brachycaudus helichrysi, examples of pests belonging to Brachycolus spp. and Brevennia spp. include, for example, Brevennia rehi, and examples of pests belonging to Brevicoryne spp. include, for example,Examples of pests belonging to Cacopsylla spp. include Brevicoryne brassicae, etc., examples of pests belonging to Cacopsylla spp. include Cacopsylla chinensis, Cacopsylla pyricola, Cacopsylla pyrisuga, etc., examples of pests belonging to Calligypona spp. include Calligypona marginata, etc., examples of pests belonging to Calocoris spp. and Calophya spp. include Calophya nigridorsalis, etc., and Campylomma spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Capulinia include Campylomma livida, Capulinia spp., Carneocephala spp. include Carneocephala fulgida, Carpocoris spp. include Carpocoris purpureipennis, and Cavelerius spp. include Cavelerius saccharivorus, Cenarytaina spp., and Ceratovacuna spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Cercopidae include Ceratovacuna lanigera, examples of pests belonging to the genus Ceroplastes include Ceroplastes ceriferus and Ceroplastes rubens, examples of pests belonging to the genus Chaetosiphon include Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, examples of pests belonging to the genus Chionaspis include Chionaspis tegalensis, examples of pests belonging to the genus Chlorita include Chlorita onukii, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Chondracris include Examples of pests belonging to the genus Chromaphis include Chondracris rose, examples of pests belonging to the Chromaphis spp. include Chromaphis juglandicola, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Chrysomphalus include Chrysomphalus aonidum and Chrysomphalus ficus.Examples of pests belonging to Cicadella spp. include Cicadella viridis, examples of pests belonging to Cicadulina spp. include Cicadulina mbila, examples of pests belonging to Cimex spp. include Cimex adjunctus, Cimex hemipterus, Cimex lectularius, Cimex pilosellus, etc., examples of pests belonging to Cletus spp. include Cletus puncttiger, Cletus trigonus, etc., Clovia spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Coccomytilus include Clovia punctata, examples of pests belonging to Coccomytilus spp. include Coccomytilus halli, examples of pests belonging to Coccus spp. include Coccus discrepans, Coccus hesperidum, Coccus pseudomagnoliarum, Coccus viridis, and examples of pests belonging to Cocous longulus and Cofana spp. include Cofana spectra, Collaria spp., Comstockaspis spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Corythucha include Comstockaspis perniciosa, examples of pests belonging to the genus Corythucha include Corythucha ciliata and Corythucha marmorata, examples of pests belonging to the genus Creontiades include Creontiades dilutus and Creontiades pallifer, examples of pests belonging to the genus Crisicoccus include Crisicoccus matsumotoi and Crisicoccus pini, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Cryptomyzus include Cryptomyzus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Cryptomyzus include Cryptomyzus ribis, examples of pests belonging to the genus Cryptoneossa and Cyrtopelits include Cyrtopelits tennuis, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Daktulosphaira includeExamples of pests belonging to Dalbulus spp. include Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, examples of pests belonging to Dalbulus spp. include Dalbulus maidis, examples of pests belonging to Dasynus spp. include Dasynus piperis, examples of pests belonging to Dialeurodes spp. include Dialeurodes chittendeni and Dialeurodes cit ri, examples of pests belonging to Diaphorina spp. include Diaphorina citri, and examples of pests belonging to Diaspidiotus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Diaspidiotus include Diaspidiotus perniciosus, and examples of pests belonging to Diaspis spp. and Dichelops spp. include Dichelops furcatus and Dichelops melacanthus. Examples of pests belonging to Diconocoris spp. include Diconocoris hewetti, and examples of pests belonging to Diuraphis spp. and Dolycoris spp. include Dolycoris baccarum, Doralis spp., and Drosicha spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Drosicha include Drosicha corpulenta, examples of pests belonging to Duplaspidiotus spp. include Duplaspidiotus claviger, examples of pests belonging to Dysaphis spp. include Dysaphis apiifolia, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysaphis tulipae, and examples of pests belonging to Dysdercus spp. include Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysdercus poecilus, and examples of pests belonging to Dysmicoccus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the Dysmicoccus spp. include Dysmicoccus brevipes and Dysmicoccus wistariae, examples of pests belonging to Dysmicoccus spp. and Ectometopterus spp. include Ectometopterus micanthulus, and examples of pests belonging to Edwardsiana spp. includeExamples of pests belonging to Empoasca spp., such as Edwardsiana flavescens and Edwardsiana rosae, include Empoasca abietis, Empoasca abrupta, Empoasca fabae, Empoasca maligna, Empoasca nipponica, Empoasca onukii, Empoasca sakaii, Empoasca solana, and Empoasca stevensi, and examples of pests belonging to Empoasca spp., such as Empoasca abietis, Empoasca abrupta, Empoasca fabae, Empoasca maligna, Empoasca nipponica, Empoasca onukii, Empoasca sakaii, Empoasca solana, and Empoasca stevensi, and examples of pests belonging to Epiacanthus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Ericerus include Epiacanthus stramineus, examples of pests belonging to the genus Ericerus include Ericerus pela, examples of pests belonging to the genus Eriosoma include Eriosoma americanum, Eriosoma lanigerum, Eriosoma pyricola, etc. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Erythroneura, Eucalyptolyma, and Euceraphis include Euceraphis punctipennis, etc., and examples of pests belonging to the genus Euphyllura include Euceraphis punctipennis, etc. Examples of pests belonging to Eurydema spp. include Eurydema pulchrum and Eurydema rugosum, examples of pests belonging to Eurygaster spp. and Euscelis spp. include Euscelis bilobatus, and examples of pests belonging to Euschistus spp. include Euschistus heros, Euschistus servus, Euschistus tristigmus, Euschistus variolarius, and Eysarcoris spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Eysarcoris include Eysarcoris aeneus, Eysarcoris annamita, Eysarcoris guttiger, Eysarcoris lewisi, Eysarcoris parvus, Eysarcoris ventralis, etc., and examples of pests belonging to Ferrisia spp. and Fiorinia spp. include Fiorinia theae, etc.Examples of pests belonging to Furcasspis spp. include Furcasspis oceanica, examples of pests belonging to Galeatus spp. include Galeatus spinifrons, examples of pests belonging to Geisha spp. include Geisha distinctissima, examples of pests belonging to Geococcus spp. include Geococcus coffee, examples of pests belonging to Geoica spp. include Geoica lucifuga, and examples of pests belonging to Glaucias spp. Examples of pests belonging to Glycasspis spp. and Graphosoma spp. include, for example, Graphosoma rubrolineatum, examples of pests belonging to Graptopsaltria spp. include, for example, Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata, examples of pests belonging to Halticiellus spp. include, for example, Halticiellus insularis, examples of pests belonging to Halticiellus spp. include, for example, Halticiellus insularis, examples of pests belonging to Halticiellus spp. include, for example, Halticiellus insularis, and examples of pests belonging to Halyomorpha spp. Examples of pests belonging to Heliopeltis spp. and Heterocordylus spp. include, for example, Heterocordylus flavipes, examples of pests belonging to Heteropsylla spp. include, for example, Heteropsylla cubana and Heteropsylla spinulosa, examples of pests belonging to Homalodisca spp. include, for example, Homalodisca coagulata, examples of pests belonging to Homalogonia spp. include, for example, Homalogonia obtusa, and examples of pests belonging to Horcias spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Hyalopterus include, for example, Horcias nobilellus, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Hyalopterus include, for example, Hyalopterus arundinis and Hyalopterus pruni.Examples of pests belonging to Icerya spp. include Icerya purchasi and Icerya seychellarum, examples of pests belonging to Idiocerus spp., Idioscopus spp., and Javesella spp. include Javesella pellucida, examples of pests belonging to Lagynotomus spp. include Lagynotomus elongatus, examples of pests belonging to Laodelphax spp. include Laodelphax striatellus, and examples of pests belonging to Lecanium spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Lepholeucasspis include Lecanium corni and Lecanium persicae, examples of pests belonging to Lepholeucasspis spp. include Lepholeucasspis japonica, and examples of pests belonging to Lepidosaphes spp. include Lepidosaphes beckii and Lepidosaphes ulmi, and examples of pests belonging to Leptocorisa spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Leptocorissa include Leptocorissa acuta, Leptocorissa chinensis, Leptocorissa oratorius, and Leptocorissa varicornis, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Leptoglossus include Leptoglossus australis, Leptoglossus occidentalis, and Leptoglossus phyllopus, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Liorhys ... Examples of pests belonging to the group include Liorhyssus hyalinus, Lipaphis erysimi, and Lopholeucasspis spp. include Lopholeucasspis japonica. Examples of pests belonging to Lycorma spp. include Lycorma delica, and examples of pests belonging to Lygocoris spp. include Lygocoris pabulinus. Examples of pests belonging to Lygus spp. include Lygus disponsi, Lygus elisus, Lygus hesperus, Lygus lineolaris,Examples of pests belonging to Macropes spp. include Lygus saundersi, etc., examples of pests belonging to Macropes spp. include Macropes excavatus and Macropes obnubilus, examples of pests belonging to Macrosiphoniella spp. include Macrosiphoniella sanborni, etc., examples of pests belonging to Macrosiphhum spp. include Macrosiphhum euphorbiae, Macrosiphhum lili, Macrosiphhum rosae, etc., and examples of pests belonging to Macrosteles spp. include Macrosiphhum euphorbiae, Macrosiphhum lili, Macrosiphhum rosae, etc. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Macrosteles include Macrosteles fascifrons and Macrosteles striifrons, examples of pests belonging to the genus Mahanaarva include Mahanaarva fimbriolata and Mahanaarva posticata, examples of pests belonging to the genus Megacopta include Megacopta cribraria and Megacopta punctatissimum, examples of pests belonging to the genus Megoura include Megoura crassicauda, ​​Melanaphis spp. Examples of pests belonging to Mesohomotoma spp. include Melanaphis sacchari and Melanaphis siphonella, examples of pests belonging to Mesohomotoma spp. include Mesohomotoma camphorae, examples of pests belonging to Metasalis spp. include Metasalis populi, examples of pests belonging to Metcalfa spp. include Metcalfa pruinosa, examples of pests belonging to Metcalfiella spp. and Metpolophilium spp. include Metpolophilum dirhodum, and examples of pests belonging to Miridae spp. Examples of pests belonging to Molipteryx spp. include Molipteryx fulginosa, examples of pests belonging to Monalonion spp. include Monalonion atratum, and examples of pests belonging to Monellia spp. include Monellia costalis.Examples of pests belonging to Monelliopsis spp. include Monelliopsis pecanis, etc., examples of pests belonging to Myzus spp. include Myzus ascalonicus, Myzus cerasi, Myzus ligustri, Myzus malisuctus, Myzus mumecola, Myzus nicotiana, Myzus ornatus, Myzus persicae, etc., and examples of pests belonging to Nasonovia spp. include Nasonovia ribisnigri, etc., Neomaskellia spp., Neotoxoptera spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Neotoxoptera include Neotoxoptera formosana, examples of pests belonging to Nephotettix spp. include Nephotettix cincticeps, Nephotettix nigropictus, Nephotettix virescens, examples of pests belonging to Nettigoniclla spp. include Nettigoniclla spectra, and examples of pests belonging to Nezara spp. include Nezara antennata and Nezara viridula, and Nilaparvata spp. Examples of pests belonging to Nippolachnus spp. include Nilaparvata lugens, examples of pests belonging to Nippolachnus spp. include Nippolachnus piri, examples of pests belonging to Numata spp. include Numata muiri, examples of pests belonging to Nysius spp. and Oebalus spp. include Oebalus pugnax, examples of pests belonging to Oncometopia spp. and Orientus spp. include Orientus ishidai, and examples of pests belonging to Orthezia spp. Examples of pests belonging to Orthotylus spp. include Orthotylus flavosparsus, and examples of pests belonging to Ovatus spp. include Ovatus malicolens.Examples of pests belonging to Oxya spp. include Oxya chinensis, examples of pests belonging to Pachybrachius spp. include Pachybrachius luridus, examples of pests belonging to Pachypsylla spp. and Parabemisia spp. include Parabemisia myricae, examples of pests belonging to Paratrioza spp. include Paratrioza cockerelli, examples of pests belonging to Parlatoreopsis spp. include Parlatoreopsis pyri, and examples of pests belonging to Parlatoria spp. include Parlatoria spp. Examples of pests belonging to Parmius spp. include Paratoria camelliae, Paratoria theae, Paratoria ziziphi, etc. Examples of pests belonging to Paromius spp. include Paromius exguus, etc. Examples of pests belonging to Pealius spp. include Pealius euryae, etc. Examples of pests belonging to Pemphigus spp. include Pemphigus bursarius, Pemphigus populivenae, etc. Examples of pests belonging to Pentomidae spp., Peregrinus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Peregrinus include Peregrinus maidis, examples of pests belonging to the genus Perkinsiella include Perkinsiella spp. include Perkinsiella saccharicida, examples of pests belonging to the genus Phenacoccus include Phenacoccus madeirensis, Phenacoccus pergandei, Phenacoccus solani, Phenacoccus solenopsis, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Philaenus include Philaenus spumarius and Phlocomyzus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Phlocomyzus include Phlocomyzus passerinil, examples of pests belonging to the genus Phorodon include Phorodon humuli, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Phylloxera include Phylloxera devastatrix.Examples of pests belonging to Piesma spp. include Phylloxera notabilis and Phylloxera russelae, examples of pests belonging to Piesma spp. include Piesma quadrata, examples of pests belonging to Piezodorus spp. include Piezodorus guildinii and Piezodorus hybneri, examples of pests belonging to Pinnaspis spp. include Pinnaspis aspidistrae, and examples of pests belonging to Planococcus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Plautia include, for example, Planococcus citri, Planococcus kraunhiae, and Planococcus lilacinus. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Plautia include, for example, Plautia crossota stali. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Prosopidopsylla include, for example, Prosopidopsylla flava. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Protopulvinaria include, for example, Protopulvinaria pyriformis, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Psallus and Pseudacysta include, for example, Protopulvinaria pyriformis. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Pseudaococcus include Pseudacysta persea, Pseudaonidia spp. include Pseudaonidia duplex and Pseudaonidia paeoniae, and Pseudaulacasspis spp. include Pseudaulacasspis pentagona and Pseudaulacasspis prunicola, and Pseudococcus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Pseudococcus include Pseudococcus calceolariae, Pseudococcus citriculus, Pseudococcus comstocki, Pseudococcus longispinus, Pseudococcus maritimus, and Pseudococcus viburni. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Pseudococcus include Pseudococcus comstocki and Pseudococcus spp. include Pseudococcus seriatus.Examples of pests belonging to Psylla spp. include Psylla abieti, Psylla alni, Psylla buxi, Psylla jamatonica, Psylla mali, Psylla malivorella, Psylla pyri, Psylla pyrisuga, Psylla tobirae, etc., Psyllopsis spp., Pteromalus spp., Pulvinaria spp. Examples of pests belonging to the species Pyrilla include Pulvinaria aurantii, Pulvinaria citricola, Pulvinaria kuwacola, etc., examples of pests belonging to Pyrilla spp. and Quadraspidiotus spp. include Quadraspidiotus juglansregiae, Quadraspidiotus ostreaeformis, Quadraspidiotus pernicious, etc., and examples of pests belonging to Quesada spp. include Quesada gigas, etc., and Rastrococcus spp. Examples of pests belonging to Recilia spp. include Recilia dorsalis, examples of pests belonging to Rhizoecus spp. include Rhizoecus kondonis, and examples of pests belonging to Rhodnius spp. include Rhodnius prolixus, and examples of pests belonging to Rhopalosiphum spp. Examples of pests belonging to Rhopalosiphum include Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae, Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae, Rhopalosiphum padi, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis, etc. Examples of pests belonging to Rhopalus spp. include Rhopalus musculatus, etc. Examples of pests belonging to Riptortus spp. include Riptortus clavatus, etc., Saccharicoccus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Sahlbergella include Saccharococcus saccharii, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Sahlbergella include Saccharococcus saccharii.Examples of pests belonging to Saissetia spp. include Sahlbergella singularis, examples of pests belonging to Saissetia spp. include Saissetia coffee, Saissetia miranda, Saissetia neglecta, Saissetia oleae, etc., examples of pests belonging to Sappaphis spp. include Sappaphis piri, etc., examples of pests belonging to Scaphoideus spp. include Scaphoideus titanus, etc., Scaptocoris spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Schizaphis include Scaptocoris castanea, Schizaphis spp. include Schizaphis graminum and Schizaphis piricola, Scotinophara spp. include Scotinophara coarctata and Scotinophora lurida, Selenaspidus spp. include Selenaspidus articulatus, Semiaphis spp. include Semiaphis heraclei, Sipha spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Siphoninus include Sipha flava, examples of pests belonging to the genus Siphoninus include Siphoninus phillyreae, examples of pests belonging to the genus Siphoninus include Siphoninus akebiae, Siphoninus avenae, Siphoninus ibarae, etc. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Sogata and Sogatella include Sogatella furcifera and Sogatella panicicola, examples of pests belonging to the genus Sogatodes and Soroanus include Soroanus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Speuotettix include Sorhoanus tritici, examples of pests belonging to the genus Speuotettix include Speuotettix subfusculus, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Stariodes include Stariodes iwasakii.Examples of pests belonging to Stenocranus spp. include Stenocranus pacificus, and examples of pests belonging to Stenodema spp. include Stenodema calcarata, Stenodema calcaratum, and Stenodema sibiricum, and examples of pests belonging to Stenotus spp. include Stenotus binotatus and Stenotus rubrovittatus, and examples of pests belonging to Stephanitis spp. Examples of pests belonging to Stictocephala spp. include, for example, Stephanitis fascicarina, Stephanitis nashi, Stephanitis pyrioides, Stephanitis sashi, etc., examples of pests belonging to Stictocephala spp. include, for example, Stictocephala festina, etc., examples of pests belonging to Tagosodes spp. include, for example, Tagosodes orizicolus, etc., examples of pests belonging to Taylorilygus spp. include, for example, Taylorilygus pallidulus, etc., Tenalaphara spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Tetragonocephala include Tenala phara malayensis, examples of pests belonging to Tetragonocephala spp. and Tetraneura spp. include Tetraneura nigriabdominalis, examples of pests belonging to Thai spp. include Thai subrufa, examples of pests belonging to Tibraca spp. and Tinocallis spp. include Tinocallis caryaefoliae, and examples of pests belonging to Togo spp. include Togo hemipterus, and examples of pests belonging to Tomaspis spp. Examples of pests belonging to Toxoptera spp. include Toxoptera aurantii, Toxoptera citricida, and Toxoptera citricidus. Examples of pests belonging to Trialeurodes spp. include Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Examples of pests belonging to Triatoma spp. includeExamples of pests belonging to Trigonotylus spp. include Triatoma dimidiata, Triatoma infestans, Triatoma rubrofasciata, etc., examples of pests belonging to Trigonotylus spp. include Trigonotylus coelestialium, etc., examples of pests belonging to Trioza spp. include Trioza camphorae, Trioza diospyri, Trioza erytreae, Trioza quercicola, etc., and examples of pests belonging to Tuberocephalus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Typhlocyba include Tuberocephalus momonis, examples of pests belonging to the genus Uhlerites include Uhlerites devil and Uhlerites latius, examples of pests belonging to the genus Unaspis include Unaspis citri, Unaspis euonymi, Unaspis yanonensis, examples of pests belonging to the genus Uroeucon include Uroeucon formosanum, examples of pests belonging to the genus Viteus include Viteus vitifolii, Zygina spp. Examples of pests belonging to Zyginella spp. include plant pests or sanitary pests such as Zyginella citri.

[0034] Examples of pests belonging to the order Hymenoptera of the class Insecta include Acromyrmex spp., examples of pests belonging to Anoplepis spp. include Anoplepis gracilipes, etc., examples of pests belonging to Apethymus spp. include Apethymus kuri, etc., examples of pests belonging to Arge spp. include Arge pagana, etc., examples of pests belonging to Athalia spp. include Athalia japonica and Athalia rosae, examples of pests belonging to Atta spp. include Atta capigua, etc., and Camponotus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Diprion include Camponotus japonicus and Camponotus obscuripes, examples of pests belonging to the genus Diprion include Diprion similis, examples of pests belonging to the genus Dolichovespula and Dryocosmus include Dryocosmus kuriphilus, examples of pests belonging to the genus Eciton include Eciton burchelli and Eciton schmittii, examples of pests belonging to the genus Formica include Formica japonica and Hoplocampa spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Lasius include Hoplocampa cookiei and Hoplocampa testudinea, examples of pests belonging to the genus Lasius and the genus Linepithema include Linepithema humile and Linepithema humile, examples of pests belonging to the genus Monomorium include Monomorium pharaonis and Monomorium pharaonis, examples of pests belonging to the genus Myrmecia and the genus Neodiprion include Neodiprion sertifer, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Ochetellus include Ochetellus spp. Examples of pests belonging to Paraponera spp. include, for example, Ochetellus glaber, and examples of pests belonging to Paraponera spp. include, for example, Paraponera clavata.Examples of pests belonging to Paravespula spp. and Pheidole spp. include, for example, Pheidole megacephala and Pheidole noda, examples of pests belonging to Plagiolepis spp. and Pogonomyrmex spp. include, for example, Pogonomyrmex occidentalis, examples of pests belonging to Polistes spp. include, for example, Polistes jokahamae, examples of pests belonging to Pristomyrmex spp. include, for example, Pristomyrmex punctutus, and examples of pests belonging to Sirex spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Solenopsis include Sirex noctilio, examples of pests belonging to the genus Solenopsis include Solenopsis geminata and Solenopsis invicta, examples of pests belonging to Tapinoma and Technomyrmex include Technomyrmex albipes, and examples of pests belonging to Urocerus include Urocerus gigas and Vespa spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Vespa include Vespa analis, Vespa crabro, Vespa mandarina, Vespa simillima, Vespa velutina, etc., and examples of pests belonging to Wasmania spp. include plant pests or sanitary pests such as Wasmania auropunctata, etc., and Xeris spp.

[0035] Examples of pests belonging to the order Blattodea in the class Insecta include Blatta spp., such as Blatta orientalis, Blattella spp., and Blattella germanica. Examples of pests belonging to Coptotermes spp., such as Coptotermes formosanus and Coptotermes guangzhouensis. Examples of pests belonging to Cornitermes spp., such as Cornitermes cumulans, and Cryptotermes spp. Examples of pests belonging to the Cryptotermes spp. include Cryptotermes domesticus, examples of pests belonging to Glyptotermes spp. include Glyptotermes fuscus, Glyptotermes nakajimai, Glyptotermes satsumensis, examples of pests belonging to Hodotermopsis spp. include Hodotermopsis sjostedti, and examples of pests belonging to Incisitermes spp. include Incisitermes minor, Kalotermes spp., Microtermes spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Microtermes include Microtermes obesi, examples of pests belonging to Nasutitetermes spp. include Nasutitetermes takasagoensis, examples of pests belonging to Neotermes spp. include Neotermes koshunensis, examples of pests belonging to Odontotermes spp. include Odontotermes formosanus, examples of pests belonging to Pericapritermes spp. include Pericapritermes nitobei, and examples of pests belonging to Periplaneta spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Periplaneta include Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta australasiae, Periplaneta brunnea, Periplaneta fuliginosa,Examples of pests belonging to Reticulitermes spp. include Periplaneta japonica, and examples of pests belonging to Reticulitermes spp. include Reticulitermes amamianus, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes hesperus, Reticulitermes kanmonensis, Reticulitermes miyatakei, and Reticulitermes speratus, and examples of pests belonging to Sinocapritermes spp. include plant pests or sanitary pests such as Sinocapritermes mushae.

[0036] Examples of pests belonging to the order Lepidoptera of the class Insecta include Acanthoplusia spp., such as Acanthoplusia agnata, Acherontia spp., such as Acherontia lachesis, Achroia spp., such as Achroia grisella, Acleris spp., such as Acleris comaria, and Acosmeryx spp., such as Acosmeryx castanea and Acrolepiopsis spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Acrolepiopsis include Acrolepiopsis sapporensis and Acrolepiopsis suzukiella, examples of pests belonging to Acronica spp. include Acronica major, examples of pests belonging to Adoxophyes spp. include Adoxophyes honmai, Adoxophyes orana, Adoxophyes orana_fasciata, examples of pests belonging to Adris spp. include Adris tyrannus, and examples of pests belonging to Aedia spp. Examples of pests belonging to Agrius spp. include Aedia leucomelas, Aedia leucomelas, etc., examples of pests belonging to Agris spp. include Agris convolvuli, etc., examples of pests belonging to Agrotis spp. include Agrotis ipsilon, Agrotis segetum, etc., examples of pests belonging to Alabama spp. include Alabama argillacea, etc., examples of pests belonging to Amyelois spp. include Amyelois transitella, etc., Anarsia spp. Examples of pests belonging to the species include Anarsia lineatella, examples of pests belonging to Angelona spp. include Angelona prunaria, examples of pests belonging to Anomis spp. include Anomis mesogona, and examples of pests belonging to Anticarsia spp. includeExamples of pests belonging to Archips spp. include Anticarsia gemmatalis and Anticarsia gemmatalis, examples of pests belonging to Argyresthia spp. include Archips breviplicanus, Archips fuscocupreanus, and Archips xylosteanus, examples of pests belonging to Argyresthia spp. include Argyresthia conjugella, examples of pests belonging to Argyroploce spp. and Ascotis spp. include Ascotis selenaria, and examples of pests belonging to Autographa spp. include Autographa spp. Examples of pests belonging to the species include Autographa nigrisigna, Bactra spp., Bactra furfurana, Bambalina spp., Bambalina sp., Barathra spp., Barathra brassicae, Bedellia spp., Bedellia somnulentella, and Biston spp., Blastodacna spp., and Biston robustum. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Borbo include, for example, Blastodacna atra, examples of pests belonging to the genus Borbo include, for example, Borbo cinnara, examples of pests belonging to the genus Brachmia include, for example, Brachmia triannulella, examples of pests belonging to the genus Bucculatrx include, for example, Bucculatrx pyricorella and Bucculatrx thurbenella, examples of pests belonging to the genus Bupalus include, for example, Bupalus pinialius, Busscola spp., Cacoecia spp., Cadra spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Calliteara include Cadra cautella, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Calliteara include Calliteara pseudobietis.Examples of pests belonging to Caloptilia spp. include, for example, Caloptilia soyella, Caloptilia theivora, Caloptilia theivora, Caloptilia zachrysa, Caloptilia zachrysa, etc., examples of pests belonging to Calyptra spp. include, for example, Calyptra gruesa, etc., examples of pests belonging to Capua spp. include, for example, Capua reticulana, etc., examples of pests belonging to Carpocapsa spp. include, for example, Carpocapsa pomonella, etc., Carposina spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Cephonodes include Carposina niponensis and Carposina sasakii, examples of pests belonging to the genus Cephonodes, Chaphalocerus spp. and Cheimatobia spp. include Cheimatobia brumata, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Chilo include Chilo plejadellus, Chilo polychrysus and Chilo suppressalis, Choreutis pariana and Choristoneura spp. Examples of pests belonging to Chrysodeixis spp. include, for example, Choristoneura magnanima, etc., examples of pests belonging to Chrysodeixis spp. include, for example, Chrysodeixis chalcites and Chrysodeixis includens, examples of pests belonging to Citripestis spp. include, for example, Citripestis sagittiferella, etc., examples of pests belonging to Clostera spp. include, for example, Clostera anachoreta and Clostera anastomosis, examples of pests belonging to Clysia spp. include, for example, Clysia ambiguella, etc., Cnaphalocrocis spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus C. include Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Cnephasia include Cnephasia cinereipalpana.Examples of pests belonging to Colias spp. include Colias erate_poliographus, etc., examples of pests belonging to Conogethes spp. include Conogethes punctiferalis, etc., examples of pests belonging to Conopomorpha spp., Conotrachelus spp., Copitarsia spp., and Cossus spp. include Cossus insularis and Cossus jezoensis, and examples of pests belonging to Ctenoplusia spp. include Ctenoplusia agnata, etc., and Cuphodes spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Cydia include Cuphodes diospyrosella, examples of pests belonging to Cydia spp. include Cydia kurokoi, Cydia nigricana, Cydia pomonella, etc., examples of pests belonging to Cystidia spp. include Cystidia couaggaria, etc., examples of pests belonging to Dalaca spp. include Dalaca noctuides, etc., examples of pests belonging to Dendrolimus spp. include Dendrolimus spectabilis, etc., Diaphania spp. Examples of pests belonging to Diaphania spp. include Diaphania indica, examples of pests belonging to Diatraea spp. include Diatraea saccharalis, examples of pests belonging to Dioryctria spp. include Dioryctria zimmermani, examples of pests belonging to Diparopsis spp., Earias spp., and Ecdytolopha spp. include Ecdytolopha aurantrum, and examples of pests belonging to Ectomyelois spp. include Ectomyelois pyrivorella, and Elasmopalpus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the species include Elasmopalpus lignosellus, examples of pests belonging to the species Eldana include Eldana saccharina, and examples of pests belonging to the species Emmelina includeExamples of pests belonging to Endoclyta spp. include Emmelina jezonica, examples of pests belonging to Endoclyta spp. include Endoclyta excrecens and Endoclyta sinensis, Endopiza viteana, examples of pests belonging to Ephestia spp. include Ephestia elutella and Ephestia kuehniella, examples of pests belonging to Epinotia spp. include Epinotia aporema, and examples of pests belonging to Epiphyas spp. include Epiphyas postvittana, Erannis spp. Examples of pests belonging to Erschoviella spp. include Erschoviella musculana, examples of pests belonging to Etiella spp. include Etiella zincenella, examples of pests belonging to Eucoenogenes spp. include Eucoenogenes aestuosa, examples of pests belonging to Eudocima spp. and Euhyponomeutoides spp. include Euhyponomeutoides trachydeltus, examples of pests belonging to Eulia spp. and Eumeta spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Eupocilia include Eumeta japonica and Eumeta minuscule, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Eupocilia include Eupocillia spp., Eupocillia ambiguella, and Eupproctis spp. include Eupproctis chrysorrhoea, Eupproctis piperita, Eupproctis pseudoconspersa, Eupproctis simile, Eupproctis subflava, and Eupproctis taiwana, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Euxoa include Euzophera spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Feltia include Euzophera batangensis, examples of pests belonging to the genus Galleria include Galleria mellonella, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Glyphodes include Glyphodes pyloalis.Examples of pests belonging to Gracillaria spp. and Grapholita spp. include, for example, Grapholita dimorpha, Grapholita inopinata, Grapholita molesta, and Grapholita prunivora, and examples of pests belonging to Hedylepta spp. and Helcystogramma spp. include, for example, Helcystogramma triannulella, and Helicoverpa spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Helicoverpa include Helicoverpa armigera, Helicoverpa assulta, Helicoverpa zea, Helicoverpa zea, etc., examples of pests belonging to Heliothis spp. include Heliothis maritime and Heliothis virescens, examples of pests belonging to Hellula spp. include Hellula undalis, etc., examples of pests belonging to Herpetogramma spp. include Herpetogramma luctuosale, etc., Hofmannophila spp. Examples of pests belonging to Homocosoma spp. and Homona spp. include, for example, Homona magnanima, examples of pests belonging to Hoshimoa spp. include, for example, Hoshimoa adumbratana, examples of pests belonging to Hyboma spp. include, for example, Hyboma adauctum, examples of pests belonging to Hydracea spp. include, for example, Hydracea immanis, and examples of pests belonging to Hymenia spp. Examples of pests belonging to Hyphantria spp. include Hymenia recurvalis, examples of pests belonging to Hyphantria spp. include Hyphantria cunea, examples of pests belonging to Hyponomeuta spp. include Hyponomeuta padella, examples of pests belonging to Illiberis spp. include Illiberis pruni, and examples of pests belonging to Kakivoria spp. includeExamples of pests belonging to Lampides spp. include Kakivoria flavofasciata, examples of pests belonging to Laphygma spp. and Laspeyresia spp. include Laspeyresia molesta, examples of pests belonging to Leguminivora spp. include Leguminivora glycinivorella, examples of pests belonging to Lemyra spp. include Lemyra imparilis, and examples of pests belonging to Leucinodes spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Leucoptera include Leucinodes orbonalis, examples of pests belonging to the genus Leucoptera include Leucoptera coffeella, examples of pests belonging to the genus Lithocolletis include Lithocolletis blancardella, examples of pests belonging to the genus Lithophane include Lithophane antennata, examples of pests belonging to the genus Lobesia include Lobesia botrana, examples of pests belonging to the genus Lotoia include Lotoia sinica, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Loxagrotis include Loxagrotis spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Lymantria include Loxagrotis albicosta, examples of pests belonging to the genus Lymantria include Lymantria dispar, examples of pests belonging to the genus Lyonetia include Lyonetia clerkella, Lyonetia prunifoliella, Lyonetia prunifoliella_malinella, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Malacosoma include Malacosoma neustria, Malacosoma neustria_testacea, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Mamestra ...clerkella, Lyonetia prunifoliella, Lyonetia prunifoliella_malinella, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Malacosoma include Malacosoma Examples of pests belonging to the genus Manduca include Mamestra brassicae, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Manduca include Manduca quinquemaculata and Manduca sexta.Examples of pests belonging to Marasmia spp. include Marasmia exigua and Marasmia patnalis, examples of pests belonging to Maruca spp. include Maruca testularis, examples of pests belonging to Matsumuraeses spp. include Matsumuraeses azukivora, Matsumuraeses falcana, Matsumuraeses phaseoli, and examples of pests belonging to Melanitis spp. include Melanitis leda, Mocis spp., and Monema spp. Examples of pests belonging to Monopis spp. include Monema flavescens, etc., examples of pests belonging to Monopis spp. include Monopis obviella, etc., examples of pests belonging to Mythimna spp. include Mythimna separata, etc., examples of pests belonging to Naranga spp. include Naranga aenescens, etc., examples of pests belonging to Narozoideus spp. include Narozoideus flavidorsalis, etc., and examples of pests belonging to Nemapogon spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Nippoptilia include Nemapogon cloacellus and Nemapogon granellus, examples of pests belonging to the genus Nippoptilia include Nippoptilia regulus and Nippoptilia vitis, examples of pests belonging to the genus Nokona include Nokona feralis, examples of pests belonging to the genus Notarcha include Notarcha derogate, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Nymphula include Nymphula depunctalis and Odonestis spp. Examples of pests belonging to the species Odonestis puruni japonensis include Oiketicus spp. and Olethreutes spp. include Olethreutes mori and the like, and examples of pests belonging to the species Omphisa spp., Operophtera spp., and Orgyia spp. include Odonestis puruni japonensis and the like.Examples of pests belonging to Orya spp., Orthaga spp., and Orthosis spp. include Orgyia thyellina, etc. Examples of pests belonging to Orya spp., Orthosis spp., and Orthosis spp. include Orthosis angustipennis and Orthosis carnipennis, examples of pests belonging to Ostrinia spp. include Ostrinia furnacalis, Ostrinia nubilalis, Ostrinia scapularis, and Ostrinia zaguliaevi, and examples of pests belonging to Palpifer spp. include Palpifer sexnotata, etc., and Pandemis spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Panolis include Pandemis dumetana and Pandemis heparana, examples of pests belonging to the genus Panolis include Panolis flammea, examples of pests belonging to the genus Papilio include Papilio helenus, Papilio machaon hippocrates, Papilio xuthus, examples of pests belonging to the genus Paranthrene include Paranthrene regalis, examples of pests belonging to the genus Parapediasia include Parapediasia teterrellus, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Parasa spp. Examples of pests belonging to Parana spp. include Parasa consocia and Parasa lepida, examples of pests belonging to Parana spp. include Parana guttata, examples of pests belonging to Pectinophora spp. include Pectinophora gossypiella, examples of pests belonging to Perileucoptera spp. and Phalera spp. include Phalera flavescens, examples of pests belonging to Phalerodonta spp. include Phalerodonta manleyi, and examples of pests belonging to Phalonidia spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Phalonidia include Phalonidia mesotypa, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Phrixolepia include Phrixolepia sericea.Examples of pests belonging to Phtheochroides spp. include Phtheochroides clandestina, etc., examples of pests belonging to Phthorimaca spp. and Phthorimaea spp. include Phthorimaea operculella, etc., and examples of pests belonging to Phyllocnistis spp. include Phyllocnistis citrella and Phyllocnistis toparcha, etc., and Phyllonorycter spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Pieris include, for example, Pieris brassicae and Pieris rapae_crucivora, examples of pests belonging to the genus Platynota include, for example, Platynota sultana, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Platyptia include, for example, Platyptia ignifera, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Pleuroptya include, for example, Platyptia ignifera. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Plodia include Pleuroptya ruralis, examples of pests belonging to the genus Plodia include Plodia interpunctella, examples of pests belonging to the genus Plodia include Plusia festucae, examples of pests belonging to the genus Plutella include Plutella xylostella, examples of pests belonging to the genus Podesia include Podesia syringae, Prays spp., Prodenia spp., Protoparce spp., Pseudaletia spp. Examples of pests belonging to the Pseudoplusia spp. include, for example, Pseudaletia separata and Pseudaletia unipuneta, examples of pests belonging to the Pseudoplusia spp. include, for example, Pseudoplusia includens, and examples of pests belonging to the Pyrausta spp. include, for example, Pyrausta nubilalis.Examples of pests belonging to Rachiplusia spp. include Rachiplusia nu, examples of pests belonging to Rupela spp. include Rupela albina, examples of pests belonging to Schoenobius spp. include Schoenobius bipunctifer, examples of pests belonging to Scirpophaga spp. include Scirpophaga incertulas, Scirpophaga innotata, and Scopelodes contracus, and examples of pests belonging to Scotia spp. include Scotia segetum, and Sesamia spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Spironotus include Sesamia inferens, examples of pests belonging to the genus Spironotus and Spironota spp. include Spironota lechriaspis and Spironota ocellana, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Spironotus include Spironota imparilis and Spodoptera spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Spodoptera include Spodoptera cosmioides, Spodoptera depravata, Spodoptera eradiana, Spodoptera eridania, Spodoptera exempta, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera mauritia, Spodoptera praefica, and the like, and Splerina spp. Examples of pests belonging to the species include Spulerinus astaurota, examples of pests belonging to the species Stathmopoda spp. include Stathmopoda masinissa, examples of pests belonging to the species Stauropus spp. include Stauropus fagi_persimilis, examples of pests belonging to the species Stenoma spp. and Stomopteryx spp. include Stomopteryx subsecivella,Examples of pests belonging to Synanthedon spp. include Synanthedon hector and Synanthedon tenuis, examples of pests belonging to Tecia spp. include Tecia solanivora, examples of pests belonging to Telchin spp. include Telchin licus, examples of pests belonging to Tetramoera spp. include Tetramoera schistaceana, examples of pests belonging to Thaumetopoca spp. and Thermesia spp. include Thermesia gemmatalis, and examples of pests belonging to Tinea spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Tinea include Tinea cloacella, Tinea pellionella, and Tinea translucens. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Tineola include Tineola bisselliella. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Tortrix and Trianea include Trianea intermedia. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Trichophaga include Trichophaga tapetzella. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Trichoplusia include Trichoplusia ni and Tryporyza spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Trichoderma include Tryporyza incertulas, examples of pests belonging to Tuta spp. include Tuta absoluta, examples of pests belonging to Viminia spp. include Viminia rumicis, examples of pests belonging to Virachola spp. and Xestia spp. include Xestia c-nigrum, examples of pests belonging to Xyrosaris spp. include Xyrosaris lichneuta, and examples of pests belonging to Yponomeuta spp. include plant pests such as Yponomeuta marinellus.

[0037] Examples of pests belonging to the order Orthoptera of the class Insecta include Acheta spp., such as Acheta domestica and Acheta domesticus, examples of pests belonging to Anabrus spp., such as Anabrus simplex, examples of pests belonging to Anacridium spp., such as Anacridium melanorhodon, examples of pests belonging to Austracris spp., such as Austracris guttulosa, and examples of pests belonging to Calliptamus spp., such as Calliptamus italicus, and Camnula spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Dichroplus include Camnula pellucida, examples of pests belonging to the genus Chortoicetes include Chortoicetes termifera, examples of pests belonging to the genus Dichroplus and the genus Dociostaurus include Dociostaurus maroccanus, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Gastrimarugus include Gastrimarugus musicus and Gryllotalpa spp. Examples of pests belonging to Hieroglyphus spp. and Locusta spp. include, for example, Locusta migratoria and Locusta migratoria, and examples of pests belonging to Locustana spp. include, for example, Locustana pardalina, and Melanoplus spp. Examples of pests belonging to Nomadacris spp. include Melanoplus bivittatus, Melanoplus devastator, Melanoplus differentials, Melanoplus femurrubrum, Melanoplus sanguinipes, etc. Examples of pests belonging to Nomadacris spp. include Nomadacris septemfasciata, etc. Examples of pests belonging to Oxya spp. includeExamples of pests belonging to Paratlanticus spp. include Oxya japonica and Oxya yezoensis, examples of pests belonging to Patanga spp. include Paratlanticus ussuriensis, examples of pests belonging to Patanga spp. include Patanga succincta, examples of pests belonging to Schistocerca spp. include Schistocerca gregaria, and examples of pests belonging to Teleogryllus spp. include Teleogryllus emma, and other plant pests.

[0038] Examples of pests belonging to the order Psocoptera of the class Insecta include, for example, examples of pests belonging to Bovicola spp., such as Bovicola bovis, Bovicola breviceps, and Bovicola ovis; examples of pests belonging to Cummingsia spp. and Damalinia spp., such as Damalinia forficula; examples of pests belonging to Felicola spp., such as Felicola subrostratus; examples of pests belonging to Haematopinus spp., such as Haematopinus eurysternus and Haematopinus suis; and examples of pests belonging to Lepinotus spp. Examples of pests belonging to Linognathus spp. include, for example, Linognathus ovillus, Linognathus ovillus, and Linognathus vituli, examples of pests belonging to Liposcelis spp. include, for example, Liposcelis bostrychophila, Liposcelis corrodens, Liposcelis entomophila, and Liposcelis permanni, and examples of pests belonging to Menacanthus spp. include, for example, Menacanthus stramineus, and Menopon spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Pediculus include Menopon gallinae, examples of pests belonging to Pediculus spp. include Pediculus humanus capitis, examples of pests belonging to Phthirus spp. include Phthirus pubis, examples of pests belonging to Phylloxera spp. include Phylloxera vastatrix, examples of pests belonging to Pthirus spp. include Pthirus pubis, and examples of pests belonging to Solenopotes spp. include Solenopotes capillatus, and Trichodectes spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Trinotum include Trichodectes canis, and examples of pests belonging to Trinotum spp. and Trogium spp. includeExamples of plant pests or sanitary pests include Trogium pulsatorium and Werneckiella spp.

[0039] Examples of pests belonging to the order Sislipidae of the class Insecta include, for example, Ceratophyllus spp.; examples of pests belonging to Ctenocephalides spp. include, for example, Ctenocephalides canis and Ctenocephalides felis; examples of pests belonging to Echidnophaga spp. include, for example, Echidnophaga gallinacea; examples of pests belonging to Nosopsyllus spp. include, for example, Nosopsyllus fasciatus; examples of pests belonging to Pulex spp. include, for example, Pulex irritans; and examples of pests belonging to Tunga spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Xenopsylla include sanitary pests such as Tunga penetrans, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Xenopsylla include Xenopsylla cheopis.

[0040] Examples of pests belonging to the order Thripidae of the class Insecta include, for example, Aeolothrips spp., such as Aeolothrips fasciatus and Aeolothrips kurozawai, examples of pests belonging to Anaphothrips spp., such as Anaphothrips obscurus, and examples of pests belonging to Baliothrips spp., such as Baliothrips biformis and Chaetanaphothrips spp. Examples of pests belonging to Chirothrips spp. include, for example, Chaetanaphothrips leeuweni and Chaetanaphothrips orchidii, examples of pests belonging to Chirothrips spp. include, for example, Chirothrips manicatus, examples of pests belonging to Dendrothrips spp. include, for example, Dendrothrips minowai, examples of pests belonging to Drepanothrips spp. include, for example, Drepanothrips reuteri, and examples of pests belonging to Echinothrips spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Enneothrips include Echinothrips americanus, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Enneothrips include Enneothrips flavens and Frankliniella spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Frankliniella include Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella intonsa, Frankliniella lilivora, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella schultzei, Frankliniella tenuicornis, Frankliniella tritici, Frankliniella vaccini, Frankliniella williamsi, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Fulmekiola include Fulmekiola serrata, Haplothrips spp. Examples of pests belonging to the group include Haplothrips aculeatus, Haplothrips chinensis, Haplothrips kurdjumovi,Examples of pests belonging to Heliothrips spp. include Haplothrips niger, examples of pests belonging to Heliothrips spp. include Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis, examples of pests belonging to Hercinothrips spp. include Hercinothrips femoralis, examples of pests belonging to Hydatothrips spp. include Hydatothrips abdominalis, examples of pests belonging to Kakothrips spp. and Leeuwenia spp. include Leeuwenia pasanii, and examples of pests belonging to Liothrips spp. include Examples of pests belonging to Liothrips spp. include Liothrips floridensis, Liothrips vaneeckei, Liothrips wasabiae, etc., examples of pests belonging to Litotetothrips spp. include Litotetothrips pasaniae, etc., examples of pests belonging to Megalothrips spp. include Megalothrips distalis, etc., examples of pests belonging to Microcephalothrips spp. include Microcephalothrips abdominalis, etc., Mycterothrips spp. Examples of pests belonging to Ponticulothrips spp. include Mycterothrips glycines, examples of pests belonging to Ponticulothrips spp. include Ponticulothrips diospyrosi, examples of pests belonging to Pseudodendrothrips spp. include Pseudodendrothrips mori, and examples of pests belonging to Rhipiphorothrips spp. include Rhipiphorothrips cluentatus and Scirtothrips spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Scopaeothrips include Scopaeothrips unicolor, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Selenothrips include Selenothrips spp.Examples of pests belonging to Stenchaetothrips spp., such as Selenothrips rubrocinctus, include Stenchaetothrips biformis, and examples of pests belonging to Taeniothrips spp., such as Taeniothrips cardamomi, include Thrips spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Thrips include Thrips alliorum, Thrips coloratus, Thrips flavus, Thrips hawaiiensis, Thrips nigropilosus, Thrips palmi, Thrips setosus, Thrips simplex, and Thrips tabaci, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Xylaplothrips include plant pests such as Xylaplothrips subterraneus.

[0041] Examples of pests belonging to the order Thymidia of the class Insecta include sanitary pests such as Ctenolepisma spp., Ctenolepisma villosa, Lepisma spp., Lepisma saccharina, Lepismodes spp., Lepismodes inquilinus, and Thermobia spp.

[0042] Examples of pests belonging to the order Collembola of the class Insecta include plant disease pests or sanitary pests such as Bourletiella spp., Bourletiella hortensis, Onychiurus spp., Onychiurus armatus, Onychiurus folsomi, Onychiurus sibiricus, and Sminthurus spp., and Sminthurus viridis.

[0043] Examples of pests belonging to the order Acarina of the class Arachnida include, for example, Acapylla spp., such as Acapylla theavagrans, examples of pests belonging to Acarus spp., such as Acarus siro, examples of pests belonging to Aceria spp., such as Aceria diospyri, Aceria japonica, Aceria kuko, Aceria paradianthi, Aceria sheldoni, Aceria tosichella, Aceria tulipae, etc., and examples of pests belonging to Aculops spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Aculops include Aculops lycopersici and Aculops pelekassi, examples of pests belonging to the genus Aculus include Aculus fockeui and Aculus schlechtendali, examples of pests belonging to the genus Aleuroglyphus include Aleuroglyphus ovatus, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Amblyomma include Amblyomma americanum and Amblyomma maculatum, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Amphitetranychus include Amphitetranychus spp. Examples of pests belonging to Argas spp. include, for example, Argas persicus, examples of pests belonging to Boophilus spp. include, for example, Boophilus microplus, and examples of pests belonging to Brevipalpus spp. include, for example, Brevipalpus lewisi, Brevipalpus obovatus, Brevipalpus phoenicis, Brevipalpus russulus, and examples of pests belonging to Bryobia spp. Examples of pests belonging to Calacarus spp. include, for example, Calacarus carinatus, and examples of pests belonging to Calepitrimerus spp. include, for example,Examples of pests belonging to Caloglyphus spp. include Caloglyphus berlesei, Centruroides spp., Cheiracanthium spp. include Cheiracanthium japonicum, Chelacaropsis spp. include Chelacaropsis moorei, and Cheyletiella spp. include Cheyletiella blakei and Cheyletiella yasguri. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Chorioptes include Cheyletus eruditus and Cheyletus malaccensis, examples of pests belonging to the genus Chorioptes and Colomerus include Colomerus vitis, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Demodex include Demodex canis and Demodex cati, and Dermacenter include Dermacenter spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Dermacenter include Dermacenter andersoni, Dermacenter occidentalis, Dermacenter reticulatus, Dermacenter taiwanensis, Dermacenter variabilis, etc., and examples of pests belonging to the genus Dermanyssus include Dermacenter gallinae, etc., and Dermatophagoides spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus D. include Dermatophagoides farina, Dermatophagoides farinae, and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Dolichiotetranychus include Dolichiotetranychus florodanus. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Eotetranychus include Eotetranychus shii, Eotetranychus suginamensis, and Eotetranychus boreus.Examples of pests belonging to Epitrimerus spp. include Eotetranychus geniculatus, Eotetranychus hicoriae, Eotetranychus kankitus, Eotetranychus pruni, Eotetranychus sexmanaculatus, Eotetranychus smithi, Eotetranychus uncataus, etc. Examples of pests belonging to Epitrimerus spp. include Epitrimerus pyri, etc. Examples of pests belonging to Eriophyes spp. include Eriophyes chibaensis, Eriophyes pyri, etc. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Glycyphagus include Eutetranychus banksi, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Glycyphagus include Glycyphagus domesticus and Haemaphysalis spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Hemisphere include Haemaphysalis campanulata, Haemaphysalis flava, Haemaphysalis campanulata, Haemaphysalis japonica, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Haemaphysalis megaspinosa, etc., Halotydeus destructor, Halotydeus, etc. Examples of pests belonging to Hemitarsonemus spp. include Hemitarsonemus latus, etc., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Knemidocoptes include, for example, Ixodes holocyclus, Ixodes nipponensis, Ixodes ovatus, Ixodes pacificus, Ixodes persulcatus, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes scapularis, etc. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Knemidocoptes include, for example, Knemidocoptes mutans, etc. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Landoglyphus include, for example, Landoglyphus konoi, etc. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Latrodectus include, for example,Examples of pests belonging to Leptotrombidium spp. include Latrodectus hasseltii, Leptotrombidium akamushi, Leptotrombidium pallidum, Leptotrombidium scutellare, etc. Examples of pests belonging to Listrophorus spp. include Listrophorus gibbus, etc. Examples of pests belonging to Loxosceles spp. and Neutrombicula spp. include Neutrombicula autumnalis, etc., and Notoedresses spp. Examples of pests belonging to the above group include Notoeedres cati, Notoeedres muris, Nuphersa spp., Oligonychus spp. Examples of pests belonging to ilicis, Oligonychus indicus, Oligonychus karamatus, Oligonychus mangiferus, Oligonychus orthius, Oligonychus perditus,Oligonychus pratensis,Oligonychus punicae,Oligonychus pustulosus,Oligonychus Examples of pests belonging to Otodectes cynotis and Panonychus spp. include Panonychus citri, Panonychus mori, Panonychus ulmi, and the like. Examples of pests belonging to Pentamerismus spp. include Pentamerismus oregonensis, and the like.Examples of pests belonging to Penthaleus spp. include Penthaleus erythrocephalus and Penthaleus major, examples of pests belonging to Petrobia spp. include Petrobia latens, examples of pests belonging to Phyllocoptruta spp. include Phyllocoptruta citri and Phyllocoptruta oleivora, and examples of pests belonging to Phytonemus spp. include Phytonemus pallidus and Platytetranychus spp. Examples of pests belonging to Polyphagotarsonemus spp. include, for example, Platytetranychus multidigituli, examples of pests belonging to Polyphagotarsonemus spp. include, for example, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, examples of pests belonging to Psoroptes spp. include, for example, Psoroptes equi and Psoroptes ovis, examples of pests belonging to Pyemotes spp. include, for example, Pyemotes ventricosus, and examples of pests belonging to Rhipicephalus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Rhipicephalus include Rhipicephalus annulatus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus decoratus, Rhipicephalus microplus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, etc., examples of pests belonging to the genus Rhizoglyphus include Rhizoglyphus robini, etc., and examples of pests belonging to the genus Sarcoptes include Sarcoptes scabiei, etc., and Schizotetranychus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Scorpio include Scorpio maurus, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Shevtchenkella include Shevtchenkella sp.Examples of pests belonging to Steneotarsonemau spp. include Steneotarsonemau pallidus, examples of pests belonging to Suidasia spp. include Suidasia nesbitti, examples of pests belonging to Tarsonemus spp. include Tarsonemus bilobatus and Tarsonemus waitei, examples of pests belonging to Tenui palpus spp. include Tenuipalpus zhizhilashviliae, and examples of pests belonging to Tetranychus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Tetranychus include Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus desertorum, Tetranychus evansii, Tetranychus kanzawai, Tetranychus phaselus, Tetranychus truncatus, Tetranychus urticae, and Tetranychus viennensis, and examples of pests belonging to Tuckerella spp. include Tuckerella pavoniformis, and Tyrophagus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Varroa include plant pests or sanitary pests such as Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Tyrophagus similis, and examples of pests belonging to the genus Varroa include Varroa jacobsoni.

[0044] Examples of pests belonging to the class Centipede include sanitary pests such as: examples of pests belonging to Bothropolys spp., such as Bothropolys rugosus, examples of pests belonging to Geophilus spp. and Scolopendra spp., such as Scolopendra subspinipes, examples of pests belonging to Scutigera spp. and Thereuonema spp., such as Thereuonema hilgendorfi.

[0045] Examples of pests belonging to the class Millipedes include plant disease pests or sanitary pests such as Blaniulus spp., Blaniulus guttulatus, Nedyopus spp., Nedyopus tambanus, and Oxidus spp., Oxidus gracilis.

[0046] Examples of pests belonging to the Isopoda order of the Malacostraca include Armadillidium spp., such as Armadillidium vulgare, examples of pests belonging to Oniscus spp., such as Oniscus asellus, examples of pests belonging to Porcellio spp., such as Porcellio scaber, and examples of pests belonging to Armadillidium spp., such as Armadillidium vulgare.

[0047] Examples of pests belonging to the class Combeda include, for example, Scutigerella spp., and examples of pests belonging to the class Combeda include plant pests or sanitary pests such as Scutigerella immaculata.

[0048] Examples of harmful mollusks include pests belonging to the Gastropoda class, such as Achatina spp., Achatina fulica, Acusta spp., Acusta despecta sieboldiana, Arion spp., Arion ter rufus, Austroplea spp., Austroplea ollula, and Biomphalaria spp., Bulinus spp., and Deroceras spp., such as Deroceras laeve and Euhadra spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Limax include Euhadra peliomphala, Galba spp., Limax spp. include Limax flavus, Limax marginatus, Limax valentiana, Lymnaea spp., Meghimatium spp. include Meghimatium bilineatum, Oncomelania spp., and Pomacea spp. include Pomacea canaliculata, Succinea spp., and other plant pests or sanitary pests.

[0049] Examples of pests belonging to harmful nematodes include Aglenchus spp., such as Aglenchus agricola, Anguina spp., such as Anguina tritici, Aphelenchoides spp., and Belonolaimus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Bursaphelenchus include, for example, Belonolaimus gracilis, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Belonolaimus nortoni, examples of pests belonging to Bursaphelenchus spp. include, for example, Bursaphelenchus cocophilus, Bursaphelenchus eremus, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, and examples of pests belonging to Cacopaurus spp. include, for example, Cacopaurus pestis, and Criconemella spp. Examples of pests belonging to the Criconemella spp. include Criconemella curvata, Criconemella onoensis, Criconemella ornata, Criconemella rusium, Criconemella xenoplax, etc. Examples of pests belonging to the Criconemoides spp. include Criconemoides ferníae, Criconemoides onoense, Criconemoides ornatum, etc. Examples of pests belonging to the Ditylenchus spp. include Ditylenchus dipsaci, etc., Dolichodorus spp., Globodera spp. Examples of pests belonging to Helicotylenchus spp. include, for example, Globodera pallida, Globodera pallida, Globodera rostochiensis, Globodera rostochiensis, Globodera rostochiensis, etc. Examples of pests belonging to Helicotylenchus spp. include, for example,Examples of pests belonging to the genera Hemicronemoides spp., Hemicycliophora spp., and Heterode spp. include, for example, Heteroderaglycines, and examples of pests belonging to Heterodera spp. include, for example, Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii, and examples of pests belonging to Hirschmaniella spp., Hoplolamus spp., and Longidorus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the species Longidorus africanus include, for example, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, Meloidogyne enterolobii, Meloidogyne fallax, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, etc., as well as Meloidema spp., Nacobbus spp., Neotylenchus spp., Nothotylenchus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus include Nothotylenchus acris, Paralongidorus spp., Paraphelenchus spp., Paratrichodorus minor, Paratylenchus spp., Prathylenchus coffeae, Prathylenchus penetrans, Prathylenchus vulnus, and the like, Prathylenchus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Pseudohalenchus include Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus coffeae, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, etc., and examples of pests belonging to the genus Pseudohalenchus include Psilenchus spp., Punctodera spp., Quinisulcius spp., and Radopholus spp. includeExamples of pests belonging to Rotylenchus spp. include Radophorus citrophilus and Radophorus similis, examples of pests belonging to Rotylenchus spp. include Rotylenchus reniformis, Rotylenchus spp., Scutellonema spp., Subanguina spp., and examples of pests belonging to Trichodorus spp. include Trichodorus obtusus and Trichodorus primitivus, and Tylenchorhynchus spp. Examples of pests belonging to the Tylenchulus spp. include Tylenchorhynchus annulatus, examples of pests belonging to the Tylenchulus spp. include Tylenchulus semipenetrans, and examples of pests belonging to the Xiphonema spp. include plant pests or sanitary pests such as Xiphonema index.

[0050] Although plant pests or sanitary pests are preferably exemplified as the pests, they may also be fungi that cause plant diseases. Furthermore, plant diseases caused by fungi may also be controlled by controlling plant pests. Among these, the pests are preferably at least one type of pest selected from harmful arthropods, more preferably at least one type of pest selected from the group consisting of Thripidae, Diptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Blattodea, and Acaridae, even more preferably at least one type of pest selected from the group consisting of Thripidae, Agromyzidae, Culicidae, Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae, Plutellae, Blattidae, and Tetranychidae, and particularly preferably at least one type of pest selected from the group consisting of Asian flower thrips, tomato leafminer, Aedes aegypti, bedbug, Bemisia tabaci, diamondback moth, German cockroach, and two-spotted spider mite.

[0051] A method for controlling plant diseases, plant pests, or sanitary pests (sometimes referred to simply as a "plant pest control method" in this specification) can be carried out by applying the above-mentioned pest control composition to plants, seeds, soil, facilities, or living spaces. The application method of the pest control composition includes, for example, spraying on stems and leaves of plants, seedling box treatment, spraying on the soil surface, mixing in the soil after spraying on the soil surface, injection into the soil, mixing in the seedling soil, seedbed treatment, mixing in the soil after injection in the soil, soil drench, mixing in the soil after drench, spraying on plant seeds, smearing on plant seeds, dipping on plant seeds or dressing on plant seeds, spraying on buildings, equipment or goods, coating on buildings, equipment or goods, dipping on building materials, fumigation in facilities or living spaces, direct spraying on insects, mixing in bait, or dropping into water in a water tank or septic tank. The pest control composition of the present invention is generally effective in any application method used by those skilled in the art.

[0052] Examples of methods for controlling plant diseases, plant pests, or sanitary pests include: (1) a method for applying the pest control composition containing as active ingredients a fatty acid glyceride and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phenylpyrazole compounds, isoxazoline compounds, and metadiamide compounds; (2) a method for simultaneously applying a pest control composition containing a fatty acid glyceride as an active ingredient and a pest control composition containing as an active ingredient at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phenylpyrazole compounds, isoxazoline compounds, and metadiamide compounds; and (3) a method for applying either a pest control composition containing a fatty acid glyceride as an active ingredient or a pest control composition containing as an active ingredient at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phenylpyrazole compounds, isoxazoline compounds, and metadiamide compounds, and then applying the other composition.

[0053] The time (period) between applying one of the pest control compositions containing a fatty acid glyceride as an active ingredient and the pest control composition containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a phenylpyrazole compound, an isoxazoline compound, and a metadiamide compound as an active ingredient and applying the other composition is not particularly limited as long as it is effective in controlling plant diseases, plant pests, or sanitary pests, but is, for example, 1 minute to 2 weeks after applying one of the compositions, preferably 5 minutes to 1 week after applying one of the compositions, and more preferably 10 minutes to 3 days after applying one of the compositions. Which pest control composition is applied first is not particularly limited as long as it is effective in controlling plant diseases, plant pests, or sanitary pests, but can be appropriately selected and determined depending on the target plant pests, sanitary pests, plants, and other application environments.

[0054] <Biological Test Method 1> Test Method for Evaluating Western Flower Thrips A 1% by mass agar solution was prepared and filled 80% into a 40 mm diameter, 60 mm deep glass tube bottle. The solution was allowed to solidify at room temperature. A small amount of 1% by mass agar was then added as an adhesive, and a 35 mm diameter green bean leaf was placed face down on the tube. 7 ml of the test agent was sprayed onto the green bean leaf disk using a rotating spray tower. After air drying, 10 adult female western flower thrips were released into the glass tube bottle, which was then placed upside down on a grid and left in a thermostatic chamber at 25°C. After a predetermined time, the number of live and dead insects was counted, and the mortality rate (% [number of dead insects / number of test insects] * 100) was calculated.

[0055] <Biological Test Method 2> Test Method for Evaluating Tomato Leafminers Potted green beans were placed in a cubic acrylic case with sides of 50 cm, and approximately 50 adult tomato leafminers were released to lay eggs. After 24 hours, the adults were removed, and the plants were left in a thermostatic chamber at 25°C until the eggs reached second-instar larvae. After confirming the emergence of second-instar larvae, the individuals were counted, and a predetermined amount of the test agent solution was sprayed evenly over the plants using a rotary spray tower. After air-drying, the plants were left in a thermostatic chamber at 25°C, and after 6 days the number of dead insects on the leaves and the number of surviving insects that had escaped from the plants were counted, and the mortality rate % ((number of dead insects / number of test insects) * 100) was calculated.

[0056] <Biological Test Method 3> Test Method for Evaluating Bemisia tabaci A 1% by mass agar solution was prepared and poured into a 40 mm diameter, 60 mm deep glass tube bottle to 80% capacity, and allowed to solidify at room temperature. A small amount of 1% by mass agar was then added as an adhesive, and a 35 mm diameter cabbage leaf was placed face down on top. 7 ml of the test agent was sprayed onto the leaf disk using a rotating spray tower. After air drying, 15 adult Bemisia tabaci were released, and the glass tube was placed upside down on a grid and left in a thermostatic chamber at 25°C. After a predetermined number of days had passed, the number of live and dead insects was counted, and the mortality rate % ((number of dead insects / number of test insects) * 100) was calculated.

[0057] <Biological Test Method 4> Test Method for Evaluation of Diamondback Moth The test agent was transferred to a cup, and cabbage leaves were placed in it and immersed for 15 seconds. After air drying, the test agent was transferred to another cup, and third-instar diamondback moth larvae were released into it. After leaving it in a thermostatic chamber at 25°C for a predetermined number of days, the number of live insects and dead insects were counted, and the mortality rate % ((number of dead insects / number of test insects) * 100) was calculated.

[0058] <Biological Test Method 5> Test Method for Evaluating Twospotted Spider Mites A 9 cm Petri dish was lined with absorbent cotton and water was poured up to the top of the cotton. Two green bean leaves cut into 2 cm x 4 cm pieces were placed on top of the dish with a gap between them, with the underside facing up. 7 ml of the test agent was sprayed onto leaf disks (green bean leaves, 2 cm x 4 cm, two pieces) using a rotary spray tower. After air drying, 15 adult female twospotted spider mites were released and left in a thermostatic chamber at 25°C. After a predetermined number of days had passed, the number of live and dead insects was counted and the mortality rate % ((number of dead insects / number of test insects) * 100) was calculated.

[0059] <Biological Test Method 6> Test Method for Evaluation of German Cockroaches 0.636 mL of the test agent was dropped onto a 9 cm glass Petri dish, spread over the entire surface, and air-dried to obtain a dry film of the agent. A PET cup was placed upside down, and three adult German cockroaches, each male and female, were introduced. Absorbent cotton soaked in a 2% by weight glucose solution was inserted into the PET cup as bait, and the cup was stored in a thermostatic chamber at 25°C. After a predetermined time had passed, the number of live and dead insects was counted, and the mortality rate (%: (number of dead insects / number of test insects) * 100) was calculated.

[0060] <Biological Test Method 7> Test Method for Evaluating Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes 1 mL of the test agent was dropped onto a 9 cm glass petri dish, spread over the entire surface, and air-dried to obtain a dry film of the agent. A 60 mL PET cup was placed upside down in the treated petri dish and secured with a rubber band. A hole was drilled in the top of the inverted cup, and 10 adult female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were introduced through the hole. After 30 minutes of exposure, the test insects were transferred to a clean 200 mL PET cup with a lid using an insect aspirator. The test insects were fed a diet of 5% by mass glucose water solidified with 1% by mass agar and stored in a constant temperature room at 25°C. After a predetermined time, the number of live and dead insects was counted, and the mortality rate ((number of dead insects / number of test insects) * 100) was calculated.

[0061] <Biological Test Method 8> Test Method for Bed Bug Evaluation 0.636 mL of the test agent was dropped onto a 9 cm glass petri dish, spread over the entire surface, and air-dried to obtain a dry film of the agent. Five adult bed bugs were introduced into this. After 30 minutes of exposure, the test insects were transferred to a clean 6 cm plastic petri dish lined with filter paper. This was stored in a constant temperature room at 25°C, and after a predetermined time, the number of live insects and dead insects were counted, and the mortality rate % ((number of dead insects / number of test insects) * 100) was calculated.

[0062] Example 1 Decanoyl octanoyl glycerol (hereinafter referred to as fatty acid glyceride; decanoyl octanoyl glycerol 90% by mass emulsion) was used as the first component, and brofuranilide (brofuranilide 5% by mass suspension (SC) or brofuranilide 10% by mass emulsion), cyprofuranilide (cyprofuranilide 10% by mass emulsion), fluxametamide (fluxametamide 10% by mass emulsion), isocycloceram (isocycloceram 40% by mass SC)), and nicofluprole (nicofluprole 0.01% by mass acetone solution) were diluted with water to prepare pest control composition test agents containing each component at the concentrations shown in Tables 1 to 3. When testing only the second component for comparison, 100 ppm (mg / L) of the spreader Gramin S (Mitsui Chemicals Crop & Life Solutions, Inc.) was added to minimize the effect of differences in adhesion compared to when fatty acid glycerides were used. The test pest control compositions were applied to adult female western flower thrips (field population), a pest belonging to the order Thripidae and family Thripidae, in the green bean leaf disk application and release test shown in Biological Test Method 1. The results after 3 days of treatment are shown in Tables 1 to 3.

[0063]

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] Tables 1 to 3 list the insect mortality rates at each specified concentration, and the predicted value for each concentration combination can be calculated using the Colby formula below: E = X + Y - XY / 100 X: insect mortality rate due to the first component (%) Y: insect mortality rate due to the second component (%) E: insect mortality rate expected when the first and second components are mixed (%) (Colby's expected value) If the insect mortality rate obtained when the first and second components are mixed is greater than the insect mortality rate expected when the first and second components are mixed (Colby's expected value), it is analyzed as having a synergistic effect; if Colby's expected value is greater than the insect mortality rate, it is analyzed as having an antagonistic effect; and if the insect mortality rate and Colby's expected value are the same, it is analyzed as having an additive effect.

[0067] As shown in Tables 1-3, the mortality rate of western flower thrips was 0% when the test formulation containing fatty acid glyceride alone was applied. Therefore, the mortality rate (Colby's expected value) expected when the test formulation containing fatty acid glyceride and the second component (broflanilide, ciproflanilide, fluxametamide, isocycloceram, or nicoflurane) was applied was consistent with the mortality rate measured when the test formulation containing the second component alone was applied. However, the mortality rates measured when the test formulation containing fatty acid glyceride and the second component were actually significantly higher than the Colby's expected value, confirming a synergistic effect between the fatty acid glyceride and the second component. In particular, it was confirmed that the fatty acid glyceride alone did not exhibit insecticidal effect, and that it was only in combination with the second component that the insecticidal effect was exerted. Furthermore, the high insecticidal effect was exerted even at low concentrations of the second component, further enhancing safety.

[0068] Comparative Example 1 A mixture of 3,000 ppm of fatty acid glyceride (decanoyloctanoylglycerol 90% by mass emulsion) as the first component, methomyl (methomyl 45% by mass dry flowable (DF)), etofenprox (etofenprox 20% by mass emulsion), dinotefuran (dinotefuran 20% by mass water-soluble granules), milbemectin (milbemectin 1% by mass emulsion), chlorfenapyr (chlorfenapyr 10% by mass emulsion), and 2,000 ppm of methomyl (methomyl 45% by mass dry flowable (DF)) as drug components was used. % flowable (FL)), tolfenpyrad (tolfenpyrad 15% by mass), cyantraniliprole (cyantraniliprole 10.3% by mass oil suspension (OD)), flonicamid (flonicamid 10% by mass DF), flometoquin (flometoquin 10% by mass FL), and pyridalyl (pyridalyl 10% by mass FL) were diluted with water to prepare pest control composition test formulations containing each component at the concentrations shown in Table 4. When only the drug component was tested for comparison, 100 ppm of the spreader Gramin S (Mitsui Chemicals Crop & Life Solutions, Inc.) was added to reduce the effect of differences in adhesion compared to when fatty acid glycerides were used. The test pest control compositions were applied to adult female western flower thrips (field population), a pest belonging to the order Thripidae and family Thripidae, in the green bean leaf disk application and release test described in Biological Test Method 1. The results after 3 days of treatment are shown in Table 4.

[0069]

[0070] As shown in Table 4, when fatty acid glycerides were added to methomyl, etofenprox, dinotefuran, milbemectin, chlorfenapyr, tolfenpyrad, cyantraniliprole, flonicamid, flometoquin, or pyridalyl, no improvement in insect mortality was observed, and no synergistic effect of insecticidal activity was confirmed.

[0071] Example 2 A fatty acid glyceride (decanoyloctanoylglycerol 90% by mass emulsion) was used as the first component, and brofuranilide (brofuranilide 10% by mass emulsion) or ciprofuranilide (ciprofuranilide 10% by mass emulsion) was used as the second component, and a pest control composition test formulation containing each component at the concentrations shown in Tables 5 and 6 was prepared. When only the second component was used for comparison, 100 ppm of the spreader Gramin S (Mitsui Chemicals Crop & Life Solutions, Inc.) was added to minimize the effect of differences in adhesion compared to when fatty acid glyceride was used. The pest control composition test formulation was applied to adult females of western flower thrips (susceptible population), a pest belonging to the order Thripidae and family Thripidae, using the bean leaf disc spray-release test shown in Biological Test Method 1. To confirm the rapid effect, the number of live and dead insects was counted every 5 minutes after the start of the release test, and the time required for each individual western flower thrips to die (hereafter referred to as "reaction time") was investigated. The minimum, maximum, population-based median, and mean response times are shown in Figure 1 and Tables 5 and 6.

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] As shown in Figures 1-4 and Tables 5-6, when 20 ppm of brofuranilide was used alone, the minimum reaction time was 55 minutes, the maximum was 145 minutes, the average was 84.25 minutes, and the median was 60 minutes. When 3,000 ppm of fatty acid glyceride was added, the minimum reaction time was 15 minutes, the maximum was 30 minutes, the average was 23.5 minutes, and the median was 25 minutes. Furthermore, when 50 ppm to 1,500 ppm of fatty acid glyceride was added to 20 ppm of brofuranilide, a reduction in reaction time was confirmed. Furthermore, even when the concentration of brofuranilide was higher or lower, a reduction in reaction time was confirmed by mixing with fatty acid glyceride. Furthermore, a similar reduction in reaction time by the addition of fatty acid glyceride was also confirmed with ciproflanilide. From the above, it was found that by mixing with fatty acid glyceride, the reaction time and the variation in reaction time are reduced, and the stability of the effect is improved, even when the concentration of brofuranilide or ciproflanilide is low.

[0075] Example 3 A fatty acid glyceride (decanoyl octanoyl glycerol 90% by mass emulsion) as the first component and broflanilide (broflanilide 10% by mass emulsion) as the second component were diluted in water to prepare pest control composition test formulations containing each component at the concentrations shown in Tables 7 to 10. When only the second component was tested for comparison, 100 ppm of the spreader Gramin S (Mitsui Chemicals Crop & Life Solutions, Inc.) was added to reduce the effect of differences in adhesion compared to when fatty acid glycerides were used. Using the method shown in Biological Test Method 2, the pest control composition test formulations were sprayed on kidney bean plants infested with second-instar larvae of the tomato leaf miner, a pest belonging to the Diptera, Agromyzidae family. The results 6 days after treatment are shown in Tables 7 to 10.

[0076]

[0077]

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] As shown in Tables 7 to 10, the mortality rate of second-instar larvae of the tomato leafminer was 0% when the test formulation containing fatty acid glyceride alone was applied, and no insecticidal effect was confirmed. Therefore, the mortality rate expected when the test formulation containing fatty acid glyceride and broflanilide was applied (Colby's expected value) is consistent with the mortality rate measured when the test formulation containing broflanilide alone was applied. However, in reality, the mortality rates measured when the test formulation containing fatty acid glyceride and broflanilide was applied were all significantly higher than Colby's expected value, confirming the synergistic effect of fatty acid glyceride and broflanilide. Furthermore, as shown in Table 10, it was confirmed that a synergistic effect of fatty acid glyceride and broflanilide was similarly achieved even when the concentrations of the first and second components were increased, the liquid volume was reduced, and the product was sprayed using a rotary spray tower. Therefore, it was confirmed that by combining the first and second components, it is possible to efficiently achieve insecticidal effects while minimizing the impact on the environment, even when spraying from an aircraft, which sets a small amount of spray liquid and a high concentration of the active ingredient, taking into account diffusion in the air.

[0081] Example 4 A fatty acid glyceride (decanoyl octanoyl glycerol 90% by mass emulsion) as the first component and broflanilide (broflanilide 5% by mass SC) as the second component were diluted with water to prepare pest control composition test formulations containing each component at the concentrations shown in Table 11. When only the second component was tested for comparison, 100 ppm of the spreader Gramin S (Mitsui Chemicals Crop & Life Solutions, Inc.) was added to minimize the effect of differences in adhesion compared to when fatty acid glycerides were used. The pest control composition test formulations were applied to adult Bemisia tabaci, a pest belonging to the Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae family, using the cabbage leaf disk spray and release test described in Biological Test Method 3. The results three days after treatment are shown in Table 11.

[0082]

[0083] As shown in Table 11, the mortality rate of adult Bemisia tabaci was 0% when the test formulation containing broflanilide alone was applied, indicating no insecticidal effect. Therefore, the mortality rate expected when the test formulation containing fatty acid glyceride and broflanilide was applied (Colby's expected value) was consistent with the mortality rate measured when the test formulation containing fatty acid glyceride alone was applied. However, the mortality rates measured when the test formulation containing fatty acid glyceride and broflanilide was applied were all significantly higher than Colby's expected value, confirming a synergistic effect between fatty acid glyceride and broflanilide. In particular, the synergistic effect was confirmed to be more pronounced when the mass ratio of fatty acid glyceride to broflanilide (fatty acid glyceride:broflanilide) was in the range of 180:1 to 30:1, and even more pronounced when the mass ratio was in the range of 120:1 to 30:1.

[0084] Example 5 A fatty acid glyceride (decanoyl octanoyl glycerol 90% by mass emulsion) as the first component and broflanilide (broflanilide 5% by mass SC) as the second component were diluted with water to prepare pest control composition test formulations containing each component at the concentrations shown in Table 12. When only the second component was tested for comparison, 100 ppm of the spreader Gramin S (Mitsui Chemicals Crop & Life Solutions, Inc.) was added to minimize the effect of differences in adhesion compared to when fatty acid glycerides were used. Using the method shown in Biological Test Method 4, cabbage leaves were immersed in the pest control composition test formulation, and third-instar larvae of the diamondback moth, a pest belonging to the family Plutella xylostella, were released. The results 7 days after treatment are shown in Table 12.

[0085]

[0086] As shown in Table 12, the mortality rate of third-instar diamondback moth larvae was 0% when the test formulation containing fatty acid glyceride alone was applied, indicating no insecticidal effect. Therefore, the mortality rate expected when the test formulation containing fatty acid glyceride and broflanilide was applied (Colby's expected value) was consistent with the mortality rate measured when the test formulation containing broflanilide alone was applied. However, the mortality rates measured when the test formulation containing fatty acid glyceride and broflanilide was applied were all significantly higher than Colby's expected value, confirming a synergistic effect between fatty acid glyceride and broflanilide. In particular, the synergistic effect was more pronounced when the mass ratio of fatty acid glyceride to broflanilide (fatty acid glyceride:broflanilide) was in the range of 300,000:1 to 1,000,000:1.

[0087] Example 6 A fatty acid glyceride (decanoyl octanoyl glycerol 90% by mass emulsion) as the first component and broflanilide (broflanilide 5% by mass SC) as the second component were diluted with water to prepare pest control composition test formulations containing each component at the concentrations shown in Table 13. When only the second component was tested for comparison, 100 ppm of the spreader Gramin S (Mitsui Chemicals Crop & Life Solutions, Inc.) was added to minimize the effect of differences in adhesion compared to when fatty acid glyceride was used. The pest control composition test formulations were applied to adult females of the twospotted spider mite, a pest belonging to the family Tetranychidae, in the bean leaf disc spray release test described in Biological Test Method 5. The results three days after treatment are shown in Table 13.

[0088]

[0089] As shown in Table 13, the mortality rate of female adults of twospotted spider mites was 26.7% when the test formulation containing 3,000 ppm of fatty acid glyceride alone was applied, and 3.3% when the test formulation containing 100 ppm of brofuranilide alone was applied. Therefore, the mortality rate expected when the test formulation containing fatty acid glyceride and brofuranilide was applied (Colby's expected value) was 29.1%. However, the mortality rate actually measured when the test formulation containing fatty acid glyceride and brofuranilide was applied was 86.7%, which was significantly higher than Colby's expected value, confirming the synergistic effect of fatty acid glyceride and brofuranilide.

[0090] Example 7 A pest control composition test agent was prepared containing a fatty acid glyceride (decanoyloctanoylglycerol 90% by mass emulsion) as the first component and broflanilide (the broflanilide technical material was dissolved in acetone) as the second component, with each component contained at the concentrations shown in Table 14. The pest control composition test agent was applied to adult German cockroaches, a pest belonging to the order Blattolatry and family Blattidae, using the Petri dish dry film test shown in Biological Test Method 6. The mortality rates 1 day, 2 days, and 5 days after treatment are shown in Table 14.

[0091]

[0092] As shown in Table 14, the mortality rate of adult German cockroaches was 0% one day after application of the test formulation containing 50 ppm of fatty acid glyceride alone, and 0% one day after application of the test formulation containing 1 ppm of broflanilide alone, indicating no insecticidal effect. Even two days after application of the test formulation containing 1 ppm of broflanilide alone, the mortality rate of adult German cockroaches was 91.7%, and no insecticidal effect was observed in some individuals. However, the mortality rate measured one day after application of the test formulation containing 50 ppm of fatty acid glyceride and 1 ppm of broflanilide was 100%, indicating a significantly improved immediate effect.

[0093] Example 8 A pest control composition test agent was prepared containing a fatty acid glyceride (decanoyloctanoylglycerol 90% by mass emulsion) as the first component and broflanilide (broflanilide technical material) as the second component at the concentrations shown in Table 15. The pest control composition test agent was applied to adult female Aedes aegypti, a pest belonging to the Diptera, Culicidae family, using the Petri dish dry film test shown in Biological Test Method 7. The mortality rate after 2 days is shown in Table 15.

[0094]

[0095] As shown in Table 15, the mortality rate of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes was 0% when the test formulation containing broflanilide alone was applied, and no insecticidal effect was confirmed. Therefore, the mortality rate expected when the test formulation containing fatty acid glyceride and broflanilide was applied (Colby's expected value) is consistent with the mortality rate measured when the test formulation containing fatty acid glyceride alone was applied. However, in reality, the mortality rates measured when the test formulation containing fatty acid glyceride and broflanilide was applied were all significantly higher than Colby's expected value, confirming the synergistic effect of fatty acid glyceride and broflanilide.

[0096] Example 9 A fatty acid glyceride (decanoyl octanoyl glycerol 90% by mass emulsion) was dissolved in acetone as the first component, and broflanilide (broflanilide technical substance) was dissolved in acetone as the second component to prepare a pest control composition test agent containing each component at the concentrations shown in Table 16. The pest control composition test agent was applied to adult bed bugs, which are pests belonging to the order Hemiptera and family Cimex, using the Petri dish dry film test shown in Biological Test Method 8. The mortality rate after 1 day is shown in Table 16.

[0097]

[0098] As shown in Table 16, the mortality rate of adult bed bugs was 0% when the test formulation containing fatty acid glyceride alone or broflanilide alone was applied, and no insecticidal effect was confirmed. Therefore, the mortality rate (Colby's expected value) expected when the test formulation containing the first and second components was applied was also 0%. However, the mortality rate measured one day after application of the test formulation containing fatty acid glyceride and broflanilide was actually 100%, a value significantly higher than Colby's expected value, and a synergistic effect of fatty acid glyceride and broflanilide was confirmed.

[0099] The pest control composition of the present invention and the method for controlling plant diseases, plant pests or sanitary pests using the composition exhibit useful control effects due to the novel combination, and are therefore useful as agricultural chemicals.

Claims

1. A pest control composition containing a glycerin ester of a fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and glycerin, and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phenylpyrazole compounds, isoxazoline compounds, and metadiamide compounds.

2. The pest control composition according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid is derived from a plant.

3. The pest control composition according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the glycerin ester is 0.03 to 125,000 ppm on a mass / volume basis relative to the total volume of the pest control composition, and the concentration of the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phenylpyrazole compounds, isoxazoline compounds, and metadiamide compounds is 0.003 to 12,500 ppm on a mass / volume basis.

4. The pest control composition according to claim 3, wherein the concentration of the glycerin ester is 0.3 to 3,000 ppm, and the concentration of the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phenylpyrazole compounds, isoxazoline compounds, and metadiamide compounds is 0.2 to 200 ppm.

5. The pest control composition according to claim 1, wherein the phenylpyrazole compound is nicofluprole, the isoxazoline compound is fluxametamide or isocycloceram, and the metadiamide compound is either brofuranilide or ciprofanilide.

6. The pest control composition according to claim 1, wherein the metadiamide compound is broflanilide.

7. The pest control composition according to claim 1, wherein the metadiamide compound is ciprofanilide.

8. The pest control composition according to claim 1, wherein said isoxazoline compound is isocycloceram.

9. The pest control composition according to claim 1, wherein the pest is at least one kind of pest selected from the group consisting of arthropod pests, mollusks pests, and nematodes pests.

10. The pest control composition according to claim 9, wherein the pest is at least one insect pest selected from arthropod pests.

11. The pest control composition according to claim 10, wherein the pest is at least one kind of pest selected from the group consisting of Thripida, Diptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Blattodea and Acarina.

12. The pest control composition according to claim 11, wherein the pest is at least one pest selected from the group consisting of Thripidae, Agromyzidae, Culicidae, Pentatomidae, Aleyrodidae, Plutella moth, Blattidae, and Tetranychidae.

13. The pest control composition according to claim 12, wherein the pest is at least one pest selected from the group consisting of western flower thrips, tomato leafminer, Aedes aegypti, bedbug, tobacco whitefly, diamondback moth, German cockroach, and two-spotted spider mite.

14. A method for controlling plant diseases, plant pests or sanitary pests, which comprises applying the pest control composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13 to plants, seeds, soil, facilities or living spaces.

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