firearm

Abstract

The invention relates to firearms, namely to the design of automatics for reloading firearms manufactured on the Kalashnikov system platform (AK). A firearm comprises a barrel with a gas port (1), a gas chamber (2), a gas tube (3), and a gas piston (4) with a bolt carrier (5) capable of moving in the gas tube (3). The gas tube (3) is divided into front (6) and rear (7) chambers by a partition (8) restricting the travel of the gas piston (4). The contour of the partition (8) reproduces the cross-section of the gas tube's internal space. The gas piston (4) has a front end in the form of an elongated cylinder and has a stop collar (11) constrained by the internal surfaces of the gas tube. The rear end of the gas piston (4) is in the form of a rod (12) installed in a through hole (9) of the partition (8). At least one gas vent (10) is located in the front (6) chamber of the gas tube (3). The bolt carrier (5) is rigidly connected to the bolt carrier rod (13) located in the rear chamber of the gas tube (3). The gas piston (4) and the bolt carrier (5) are made independently of each other. The invention reveals an improved design of firearms that restricts access of powder gases to internal components, preventing contamination, malfunctions, and delays in the reloading mechanism. This design minimizes the need for constant cleaning and lubrication of firearms.

Description

[0001] Firearm

[0002] The invention belongs to firearms, namely to the design of automatics for reloading firearms manufactured on the Kalashnikov system platform (AK).

[0003] The well-known design of firearms automatics, manufactured on the Kalashnikov rifle platform (5.45 mm Kalashnikov rifles AK74, AKS74, and AKS74U, and 5.45 mm Kalashnikov machine guns RPK74 and RPKS74. Manual for medium repair. - M .: VOENIZDAT, 1988.), which is chosen as a prototype of the proposed technical solution. The firearm automatics are based on the movement of the gas piston inside the gas tube under the action of gases. It includes a barrel with a gas port, a gas tube, a gas chamber, and a gas piston rigidly connected to the bolt carrier, which moves in the gas tube. The operation of the design is that the bullet, under the action of powder gases, moves along the barrel channel with a gas port, and as soon as it passes the gas port, some of the gases pass through this port into the gas chamber and create pressure on the gas piston which moves along the gas tube. Due to the design of the gas piston, rigidly connected together with the bolt carrier, it is pushed back, resulting in the reloading of the firearm.

[0004] A disadvantage of the prototype mentioned is that the powder gases, creating pressure, push the gas piston and enter the barrel assembly, carrying soot and high temperature. As a result, soot deposits on the internal nodes and details of the firearm, leading to heating and contamination of the firearm, its malfunctions, and failures in the operation of the firearm automatics, requiring constant cleaning and lubrication.

[0005] The invention is based on the task of eliminating the above-mentioned drawbacks and creating an improved design of automatics for reloading firearms, which will ensure stable and reliable operation of firearms by restricting access of powder gases to the barrel box, reducing contamination of internal mechanisms and parts, and preventing their heating. The task is solved by incorporating a firearm containing a barrel with a gas port, a gas chamber, a gas tube, and a gas piston with a bolt frame capable of moving in the gas tube. The gas tube is divided into front and rear chambers by a partition that limits the movement of the gas piston. The cross-sectional contour of the partition reproduces the cross-section of the internal space limited by the inner surfaces of the gas tube. The partition has a through hole, at least one gas vent in the front chamber of the gas tube for discharging powder gases, and the gas piston has a front end in the form of an elongated cylinder with a stop bead limited by the inner surfaces of the gas tube. The rear end of the gas piston is in the form of a rod installed in the through hole of the partition limiting the movement of the gas piston, while the bolt frame is rigidly connected to the rod of the bolt frame located in the rear chamber of the gas tube. The gas piston and the bolt frame with the rod of the bolt frame are independently executed.

[0006] In one embodiment of the invention, the partition limiting the movement of the gas piston is in the form of a cylinder with a central through hole.

[0007] In the embodiments of the invention, the bolt carrier at the front end additionally has a rod guide limited by the internal surfaces of the gas tube for a more stable movement along the gas tube.

[0008] In alternative embodiments of the invention, the gas chamber in the front part of the gas tube may include a cleaning hole and a plug that closes it.

[0009] In one of the embodiments of the invention, the plug holds the spring with a pin.

[0010] The common features between the invention and the closest analogue are that the firearm contains a barrel with a gas port, a gas chamber, a gas tube, and a gas piston with a bolt carrier designed to move within the gas tube.

[0011] In another embodiment, the gas piston is designed to move in the gas tube, with the front end in the form of an elongated cylinder having at least one annular groove. The technical result of the invention is achieved by dividing the gas tube into front and rear chambers with a partition that limits the travel of the gas piston. When pressure from powder gases occurs, the gas piston moves to the extreme rear position, blocking the access of powder gases to the rear chamber of the gas tube. The gas piston is designed as an elongated cylinder at the front end with a stopper that is limited by the internal surfaces of the gas tube, preventing powder gases from entering the rear chamber of the gas tube and consequently into the receiver. The rear end of the gas piston is designed as a rod installed in a through hole of the partition, providing transfer of kinetic energy to the bolt carrier, which is rigidly connected to the bolt carrier, leading to the reloading of the firearm. The powder gases in the front chamber of the gas tube exit through gas vent holes, preventing soot deposition on internal components and parts of the firearm and their overheating. This design ensures that the performance characteristics of the automatics are not reduced.

[0012] Thus, restricting access of powder gases to the receiver contributes to reducing contamination of internal components and parts of firearms and prevents overheating. In one of the embodiments of the invention, the gas chamber in the front part of the gas tube may contain a cleaning hole and a plug that seals it. This solution facilitates the maintenance and care of the weapon.

[0013] The proposed firearms are free from the mentioned drawbacks of analogs and solve the set task.

[0014] The essence of the invention, its implementation, and the possibility of industrial application are explained through the drawings:

[0015] Fig. 1 - shows a view of the firearm in a section.

[0016] Where:

[0017] 1 - barrel with a gas port

[0018] 2 - gas chamber

[0019] 3 - gas tube 4 - gas piston

[0020] 5 - bolt carrier

[0021] 6 - front chamber of the gas tube

[0022] 7 - rear chamber of the gas tube

[0023] 8 - partition limiting the travel of the gas piston

[0024] 9 - through hole in the partition limiting the travel of the gas piston

[0025] 10 - hole for exhausting powder gases

[0026] 11 - stopper sleeve

[0027] 12 - gas piston rod

[0028] 13 - bolt carrier rod

[0029] 14 - annular groove

[0030] 15 - rod guide

[0031] The cause-and-effect relationship between the set of features claimed and the achieved technical result is as follows:

[0032] Firearm includes a barrel with a gas port 1 and a gas chamber 2 in the front part of the gas tube 3, through which powder gases pass through the gas port (Fig. 1). The gas chamber 2 transitions into the gas tube 3. In one of the embodiments of the invention, the gas chamber 2 in the front part of the gas tube may include a cleaning hole and a plug that closes it (not shown). The plug may additionally hold the pin in place (not shown). The gas tube 3 is divided into front chamber 6 and rear chamber 7 by a partition that limits the travel of the gas piston 8. The contour of the cross-section of the partition that limits the travel of the gas piston reproduces the cross-section of the internal space limited by the internal surfaces of the gas tube and has a through hole 9. In one of the embodiments of the invention, the partition limiting the travel of the gas piston 8 may be in the form of a cylinder with a longitudinal through hole. At least one hole for venting powder gases 10 and the gas piston 4 are located in the front chamber of the gas tube 6. The front end of the gas piston 4 is in the form of an elongated cylinder with a stop collar 11 limited by the internal surfaces of the gas tube. In the extreme front (in the shooting direction) position of the gas piston, the stop collar 11, limited by the internal surfaces of the gas tube, closes the gas chamber 2. In the extreme rear position of the gas piston 4, it closes the rear chamber of the gas tube 7, limiting the access of powder gases to the receiver. In one of the embodiments of the gas piston 4, there may be at least one annular groove 14 designed to retain powder gases and facilitate the movement of the gas piston.

[0033] The rear end 5 of the gas piston is made in the form of a rod 12, which is installed in a through hole 9 of the partition restricting the travel of the gas piston 8. The bolt carrier 5 is rigidly connected to the bolt carrier rod 13 located in the rear chamber 7 of the gas tube. During the movement of the gas piston 4, the rod of the gas piston 12 transmits the accumulated energy to the rod of the bolt carrier 13 located in the rear chamber of the gas tube 7.

[0034] In one of the embodiments, to ensure a more stable movement along the gas tube 3, the rod of the bolt carrier 13 at the front end may additionally have a rod guide 15 limited by the internal surfaces of the gas tube.

[0035] The gas piston 4 and the bolt carrier 5 with the bolt carrier rod 13 are made independently of each other, meaning they are not interconnected and only contact with end surfaces.

[0036] The operation of firearms, in particular the automatics for reloading firearms, occurs as follows:

[0037] When firing, the firing pin strikes the cartridge primer, shattering it and initiating the combustion of the gunpowder component in the cartridge. The bullet exits the cartridge and, under the action of the powder gases, moves along the barrel with a gas port. Once it passes the gas port, a part of the powder gases rises into the gas chamber. In the gas chamber, the powder gases create pressure on the gas piston, which, due to the movement towards the partition restricting the travel of the gas piston, opens the gas chamber. The powder gases then push the gas piston and transition into the front chamber of the gas tube, which has at least one opening to release the powder gases. As the movement of the gas piston is restricted by the partition limiting the travel of the gas piston, it moves to the extreme position of the front chamber of the gas tube, and due to the presence of a stopper, completely blocks the gas from entering the rear chamber of the gas tube. When the gas piston moves, its rear end, which is in the form of a rod installed in a through hole of the partition restricting the travel of the gas piston, energetically strikes the bolt carrier rod located in the rear chamber of the gas tube. Since the bolt carrier rod is rigidly connected to the bolt carrier, under the pressure of the bolt carrier rod, it moves backward, leading to the reloading of the firearm. During the recoil, the barrel channel opens, and the fired cartridge is extracted using an ejector. During the forward movement, the bolt carrier retrieves a cartridge from the magazine, chambers the cartridge, and closes the barrel channel. Upon return, the bolt carrier with the bolt carrier rod located in the rear chamber of the gas tube returns to the initial position, transferring kinetic energy to the gas piston rod, and returning it to the initial position in the front chamber of the gas tube. Thanks to the presence of the gas piston stop lug, as it returns to the initial position, it closes the gas chamber.

[0038] In one embodiment, the bolt carrier rod may have a guide limited by the internal surfaces of the gas tube for smoother movement along the gas tube.

[0039] In conclusion, the interaction of the new features with the known features achieves a unified technical result, wherein the invention discloses an improved design of firearms that restricts the access of powder gases to the internal components and parts of the firearm, preventing contamination, delays, and malfunctions in the operation of the reloading mechanism, thereby reducing the need for constant cleaning and lubrication. After describing the best embodiment of this invention, it becomes evident that various modifications are possible within the scope of the provided formula.

Claims

CLAIMS1. Firearms, containing a barrel with a gas port 1, a gas chamber 2, a gas tube 3, and a gas piston 4 with a bolt carrier 5 capable of moving in the gas tube, is distinguished by the fact that the gas tube 3 is divided into front 6 and rear 7 chambers by a partition restricting the travel of the gas piston 8, the contour of the cross-section of which reproduces the cross-section of the internal space limited by the internal surfaces of the gas tube, with the partition limiting the travel of the gas piston 8 having a through hole 9, at least one gas vent 10 is located in the front chamber of the gas tube 6, and the gas piston 4, the front end of which is in the form of an elongated cylinder and has a stop collar 11 limited by the internal surfaces of the gas tube, the rear end of the gas piston is in the form of a rod 12 installed in a through hole 9 of the partition restricting the travel of the gas piston 8, the bolt carrier 5 is rigidly connected to the bolt carrier rod 13 located in the rear chamber of the gas tube 7, while the gas piston 4 and the bolt carrier 5 with the bolt earner rod 13 are made independently of each other.

2. Firearms as per paragraph 1 are distinguished by the fact that the partition restricting the travel of the gas piston 8 is in the form of a cylinder with a central through hole.

3. Firearms as per paragraph 1 is distinguished by the fact that the gas piston 4 is movable in the gas tube in the front end, which is in the form of an elongated cylinder and has at least one ring groove 14.

4. Firearms as per paragraphs 1-3 is distinguished by the fact that the bolt carrier rod 13 at the front end additionally has a guide for the rod 15 limited by the internal surfaces of the gas tube for a more stable travel in the gas tube.

5. Firearms as per paragraphs 1-4 is distinguished by the fact that the gas chamber contains a cleaning hole and a plug that closes it.

6. Firearms as per paragraph 5 is distinguished by the fact that the plug retains the spring with a pin.

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