Spatial extrapolation and extraction support in neural-network post-processing filter characteristics SEI message

Abstract

A mechanism for processing video data is disclosed. The mechanism includes determining that a neural-network post-filter (NNPF) supplemental enhancement information (SEI) message includes an indication of newly generated spatial areas or extracted away areas. A conversion is performed between a visual media data and a bitstream based on the determination.

Description

Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) Spatial Extrapolation And Extraction Support In Neural-Network Post-Processing Filter Characteristics SEI Message CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 658,192 filed on June 10, 2024, and U.S. Patent Application No.63 / 574,612 filed on April 4, 2024, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] This patent document relates to generation, storage, and consumption of digital audio video media information in a file format. BACKGROUND

[0003] Digital video accounts for the largest bandwidth used on the Internet and other digital communication networks. As the number of connected user devices capable of receiving and displaying video increases, the bandwidth demand for digital video usage is likely to continue to grow. SUMMARY

[0004] A first aspect relates to a method for processing media data comprising: determining that a neural-network post-filter (NNPF) supplemental enhancement information (SEI) message includes an indication of newly generated spatial areas or extracted away areas; and performing a conversion between a visual media data and a bitstream based on the determination.

[0005] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that the indication comprises a left offset, a right offset, a top offset, and a bottom offset related to an output image.

[0006] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that the extracted away areas are discarded.

[0007] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset is in units of luma samples.

[0008] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset is in units of chroma samples.

[0009] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset is in units of output chroma samples.

[0010] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that one or more of the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset is not equal to 0.

[0011] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset are represented by syntax elements coded as an unsigned exponential-Golomb-coded value of a variable number of bits (ue(v)) when there is spatial extrapolation but not spatial extraction.Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W)

[0012] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset are represented by syntax elements coded as an unsigned exponential-Golomb-coded value of a variable number of bits (ue(v)) when there is spatial extraction but not spatial extrapolation.

[0013] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset are represented by syntax elements coded as an unsigned exponential-Golomb-coded value of a variable number of bits (ue(v)) when there is spatial extrapolation or spatial extraction, but not both.

[0014] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset are represented by syntax elements coded as a signed exponential-Golomb-coded value of a variable number of bits (se(v)) when there is one or both of spatial extrapolation or spatial extraction.

[0015] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset are all greater than or equal to 0, or are all less than or equal to 0.

[0016] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that when one of the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset is less than 0, all of the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset are not greater than 0.

[0017] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that when one of the left offset or the right offset is less than 0, each of the left offset and the right offset is not greater than 0.

[0018] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that when one of the top offset or the bottom offset is less than 0, each of the top offset and the bottom offset is not greater than 0.

[0019] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that when one of the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset is greater than 0, all of the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset are not less than 0.

[0020] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that when one of the left offset or the right offset is greater than 0, each of the left offset and the right offset is not less than 0.

[0021] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that when one of the top offset or the bottom offset is greater than 0, each of the top offset or the bottom offset is not less than 0.

[0022] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that when a nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits syntax element is greater than 0, a variable numSpecifiedMetadataExtensionBits comprises a number of bits representing all syntax elements between the nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits syntax element and a nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension syntax element.

[0023] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that the nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits having a value greater than 0 specifies a sum of a variable numSpecifiedMetadataExtensionBits and a length, in bits, of the nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension syntax element.Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W)

[0024] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that a value of the nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits syntax element is in a range of a value specified by a variable numSpecifiedMetadataExtensionBits to 2,048, inclusive.

[0025] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that values in the range are reserved for future use and are not present in a conforming bitstream.

[0026] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that a decoder is configured to allow any value of the nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits syntax element in the range.

[0027] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that a closing curly bracket ( } ) is added immediately after the nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension syntax element.

[0028] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that the conversion includes encoding the visual media data into the bitstream.

[0029] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that the conversion includes decoding the visual media data from the bitstream.

[0030] A second aspect relates to an apparatus for processing video data comprising: a processor; and a non- transitory memory with instructions thereon, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform the method of any of the disclosed aspects.

[0031] A third aspect relates to a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising a computer program product for use by a video coding device, the computer program product comprising computer executable instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium such that when executed by a processor cause the video coding device to perform the method of any of the disclosed aspects.

[0032] A fourth aspect relates to a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream of a video which is generated by a method performed by a video processing apparatus, wherein the method comprises: determining that a neural-network post-filter (NNPF) supplemental enhancement information (SEI) message includes an indication of newly generated spatial areas or extracted away areas; and generating the bitstream based on the determination.

[0033] A fifth aspect relates to a method for storing bitstream of a video comprising: determining that a neural- network post-filter (NNPF) supplemental enhancement information (SEI) message includes an indication of newly generated spatial areas or extracted away areas; generating the bitstream based on the determination; and storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.

[0034] A sixth aspect relates to a method, apparatus, or system described in the present document.

[0035] For the purpose of clarity, any one of the foregoing embodiments may be combined with any one or more of the other foregoing embodiments to create a new embodiment within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0036] These and other features will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and claims.Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] For a more complete understanding of this disclosure, reference is now made to the following brief description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and detailed description, wherein like reference numerals represent like parts.

[0038] FIG.1 illustrates an example of deriving luma channels from a luma component.

[0039] FIG.2 illustrates an example of an artificial intelligence (AI) expander.

[0040] FIG.3 is a block diagram showing an example video processing system.

[0041] FIG.4 is a block diagram of an example video processing apparatus.

[0042] FIG.5 is a flowchart for an example method of video processing.

[0043] FIG.6 is a block diagram that illustrates an example video coding system.

[0044] FIG.7 is a block diagram that illustrates an example encoder.

[0045] FIG.8 is a block diagram that illustrates an example decoder.

[0046] FIG.9 is a schematic diagram of an example encoder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] It should be understood at the outset that although an illustrative implementation of one or more embodiments are provided below, the disclosed systems and / or methods may be implemented using any number of techniques, whether currently known or yet to be developed. The disclosure should in no way be limited to the illustrative implementations, drawings, and techniques illustrated below, including the exemplary designs and implementations illustrated and described herein, but may be modified within the scope of the appended claims along with their full scope of equivalents.

[0048] Section headings are used in the present document for ease of understanding and do not limit the applicability of techniques and embodiments disclosed in each section only to that section. Furthermore, H.266 terminology is used in some description only for ease of understanding and not for limiting scope of the disclosed techniques. As such, the techniques described herein are applicable to other video codec protocols and designs also. In the present document, editing changes are shown to text by bold italics indicating cancelled text and bold indicating added text, with respect to the Versatile Video Coding (VVC) specification. 1. Initial discussion

[0049] This document is related to image / video coding technologies. Specifically, this disclosure is related to using neural-network post-processing filter (NNPF) messages support spatial extrapolation and / or spatial extraction (i.e., the inverse of spatial extrapolation). The ideas may be applied individually or in various combinations, for video bitstreams coded by any codec, e.g., the versatile video coding (VVC) standard and / or the versatile supplemental enhancement information (SEI) messages for coded video bitstreams (VSEI) standard. 2. Abbreviations

[0050] Adaptation parameter set (APS), access unit (AU), coded layer video sequence (CLVS), coded layer video sequence start (CLVSS), cyclic redundancy check (CRC), coded video sequence (CVS), finite impulse response (FIR),Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) intra random access point (IRAP), network abstraction layer (NAL), neural-network post-processing filter (NNPF), neural-network post-filter activation (NNPFA), neural-network post-filter characteristics (NNPFC), picture parameter set (PPS), picture unit (PU), random access skipped leading (RASL) picture, supplemental enhancement information (SEI), step-wise temporal sublayer access (STSA), uniform resource identifier (URI), video coding layer (VCL), versatile supplemental enhancement information as described in Rec. ITU-T H.274 | ISO / IEC 23002-7 (VSEI), video usability information (VUI), versatile video coding as described in Rec. ITU-T H.266 | ISO / IEC 23090-3 (VVC) 3. Further discussion 3.1 Video coding standards

[0051] Video coding standards have evolved primarily through the development of International Telecommunication Union (ITU) telecommunication standardization sector (ITU-T) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) / International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards. The ITU-T produced H.261 and H.263, ISO / IEC produced motion picture experts group (MPEG)-1 and MPEG-4 Visual, and the two organizations jointly produced the H.262 / MPEG-2 Video and H.264 / MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) and H.265 / high efficiency video coding (HEVC) [1] standards. Since H.262, the video coding standards are based on the hybrid video coding structure wherein temporal prediction plus transform coding are utilized. To explore video coding technologies beyond high efficiency video coding (HEVC), the Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET) was founded by video coding experts group (VCEG) and motion picture experts group (MPEG). Further, methods have been adopted by JVET and put into the reference software named Joint Exploration Model (JEM) [2]. The JVET was later renamed to be the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET) when the Versatile Video Coding (VVC) project officially started. VVC [3] is a coding standard targeting at 50% bitrate reduction as compared to HEVC.

[0052] The Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard (ITU-T H.266 | ISO / IEC 23090-3) [3] and the associated Versatile Supplemental Enhancement Information for coded video bitstreams (VSEI) standard (ITU-T H.274 | ISO / IEC 23002-7) [4] are designed for use in a maximally broad range of applications, including both the simple uses such as television broadcast, video conferencing, or playback from storage media, and also more advanced use cases such as adaptive bit rate streaming, video region extraction, composition and merging of content from multiple coded video bitstreams, multiview video, scalable layered coding, and viewport-adaptive 360° immersive media.

[0053] The Essential Video Coding (EVC) standard (ISO / IEC 23094-1) is another video coding standard under development by MPEG. 3.2 SEI messages in general and in VVC and VSEI

[0054] SEI messages assist in processes related to decoding, display or other purposes. However, SEI messages are not required for constructing the luma or chroma samples by the decoding process. Conforming decoders are not required to process this information for output order conformance. Some SEI messages are required for checking bitstream conformance and for output timing decoder conformance. Other SEI messages are not required for check bitstream conformance.Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W)

[0055] Annex D of VVC specifies syntax and semantics for SEI message payloads for some SEI messages, and specifies the use of the SEI messages and VUI parameters for which the syntax and semantics are specified in ITU-T H.274 | ISO / IEC 23002-7. 3.3 Signalling of neural-network post-processing filters

[0056] JVET-AG2034 [5] includes the specification of SEI messages for signalling of neural-network post-filters. The neural-network post-filter characteristics SEI is as follows. 8.28.2 Neural-network post-filter characteristics SEI message 8.28.2.1 Neural-network post-filter characteristics SEI message syntax nn_post_filter_characteristics( payloadSize ) { Descriptor nnpfc purpose u(16)Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) nnpfc_pic_height_num_minus1 ue(v) nnpfc_pic_height_denom_minus1 ue(v)Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) if( nnpfc_out_order_idc > 0 ) nnpfc_chroma_loc_info_present_flag u(1)Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) if( nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri_present_flag ) nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri st(v)8.28.2.2 Neural-network post-filter characteristics SEI message semantics

[0057] The neural-network post-filter characteristics (NNPFC) SEI message specifies a neural network that may be used as a post-processing filter. The use of specified neural-network post-processing filters (NNPFs) for specific pictures is indicated with neural-network post-filter activation (NNPFA) SEI messages.

[0058] Use of this SEI message requires the definition of the following variables: – Input picture width and height in units of luma samples, denoted herein by CroppedWidth and CroppedHeight, respectively. – Luma sample array CroppedYPic[ idx ] and chroma sample arrays CroppedCbPic[ idx ] and CroppedCrPic[ idx ], when present, of the input pictures with index idx in the range of 0 to numInputPics − 1, inclusive, that are used as input for the NNPF. – Bit depth BitDepthY for the luma sample array of the input pictures. – Bit depth BitDepthC for the chroma sample arrays, if any, of the input pictures. – A chroma format indicator, denoted herein by ChromaFormatIdc, as described in clause 7.3. – When nnpfc_auxiliary_inp_idc is equal to 1, a filtering strength control value array StrengthControlVal[ idx ] that shall contain real numbers in the range of 0 to 1, inclusive, of the input pictures with index idx in the range of 0 to numInputPics − 1, inclusive.

[0059] Input picture with index 0 corresponds to the picture for which the NNPF defined by this NNPFC SEI message is activated by an NNPFA SEI message. Input picture with index i in the range of 1 to numInputPics − 1, inclusive, precedes the input picture with index i − 1 in output order.

[0060] The variables SubWidthC and SubHeightC are derived from ChromaFormatIdc as specified by Table 2.Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W)

[0061] NOTE 1 – More than one NNPFC SEI message can be present for the same picture. When more than one NNPFC SEI message with different values of nnpfc_id is present or activated for the same picture, they can have the same value or different values of nnpfc_purpose and the same value or different values of nnpfc_mode_idc.

[0062] nnpfc_purpose indicates the purpose of the NNPF as specified in Table 20, where ( nnpfc_purpose & bitMask ) not equal to 0 indicates that the NNPF has the purpose associated with the bitMask value in Table 20. When nnpfc_purpose is greater than 0 and ( nnpfc_purpose & bitMask ) is equal to 0, the purpose associated with the bitMask value is not applicable to the NNPF. When nnpfc_pupose is equal to 0, the NNPF may be used as determined by the application and as specified by the nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri.

[0063] All NNPFC SEI messages with a particular value of nnpfc_id within a CLVS shall have the same value of nnpfc_purpose.

[0064] The value of nnpfc_purpose shall be in the range of 0 to 127, inclusive, in bitstreams conforming to this version of this Specification. Values of 128 to 65535, inclusive, for nnpfc_purpose are reserved for future use by ITU- T | ISO / IEC and shall not be present in bitstreams conforming to this version of this Specification. Decoders conforming to this version of this Specification shall ignore NNPFC SEI messages with nnpfc_purpose in the range of 128 to 65535, inclusive. Table 20 – Definition of nnpfc_purpose bitMask Interpretation l i l li i or [0p p g g, p g g, p p gFlag, BitDepthUpsamplingFlag, ColourizationFlag, and TemporalExtrapolationFlag, specifying whether nnpfc_purpose indicates the purpose of the NNPF to include chroma upsampling, resolution resampling, picture rate upsampling, bit depth upsampling, colourization, and temporal extrapolation, respectively, are derived as follows: ChromaUpsamplingFlag = ( ( nnpfc_purpose & 0x02 ) > 0 ) ? 1 : 0 ResolutionResamplingFlag = ( ( nnpfc_purpose & 0x04 ) > 0 ) ? 1 : 0 PictureRateUpsamplingFlag = ( ( nnpfc_purpose & 0x08 ) > 0 ) ? 1 : 0 (75) BitDepthUpsamplingFlag = ( ( nnpfc_purpose & 0x10 ) > 0 ) ? 1 : 0 ColourizationFlag = ( ( nnpfc_purpose & 0x20 ) > 0 ) ? 1 : 0 TemporalExtrapolationFlag = ( ( nnpfc_purpose & 0x40 ) > 0 ) ? 1 : 0Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W)

[0066] NOTE 2– When a reserved value of nnpfc_purpose is taken into use in the future by ITU-T | ISO / IEC, the syntax of this SEI message could be extended with syntax elements whose presence is conditioned by nnpfc_purpose being equal to that value or any one of a set of values including that value.

[0067] When ChromaFormatIdc is equal to 3, ChromaUpsamplingFlag shall be equal to 0.

[0068] When ChromaUpsamplingFlag is equal to 1, ColourizationFlag shall be equal to 0.

[0069] When PictureRateUpsamplingFlag or TemporalExtrapolationFlag is equal to 1 and the input picture with index 0 is associated with a frame packing arrangement SEI message with fp_arrangement_type equal to 5, all input pictures are associated with a frame packing arrangement SEI message with fp_arrangement_type equal to 5 and the same value of fp_current_frame_is_frame0_flag.

[0070] When TemporalExtrapolationFlag is equal to 1, the extrapolated pictures generated by the NNPF follow all input pictures of the NNPF in output order. When TemporalExtrapolationFlag is equal to 1 and there is a decoded output picture that follows, in output order, the current picture for which the NNPF is activated, the extrapolated pictures generated by the NNPF precede that decoded output picture in output order.

[0071] nnpfc_id contains an identifying number that may be used to identify an NNPF. The value of nnpfc_id shall be in the range of 0 to 232 − 2, inclusive. Values of nnpfc_id from 256 to 511, inclusive, and from 231 to 232 − 2, inclusive, are reserved for future use by ITU-T | ISO / IEC. Decoders conforming to this version of this Specification encountering an NNPFC SEI message with nnpfc_id in the range of 256 to 511, inclusive, or in the range of 231 to 232 − 2, inclusive, shall ignore the SEI message.

[0072] When an NNPFC SEI message is the first NNPFC SEI message, in decoding order, that has a particular nnpfc_id value within the current CLVS, the following applies: – This SEI message specifies a base NNPF. – This SEI message pertains to the current decoded picture and all subsequent decoded pictures of the current layer, in output order, until the end of the current CLVS.

[0073] nnpfc_base_flag equal to 1 specifies that the SEI message specifies the base NNPF. nnpfc_base_flag equal to 0 specifies that the SEI message specifies an update relative to the base NNPF.

[0074] The following constraints apply to the value of nnpfc_base_flag: – When an NNPFC SEI message is the first NNPFC SEI message, in decoding order, that has a particular nnpfc_id value within the current CLVS, the value of nnpfc_base_flag shall be equal to 1. – All NNPFC SEI messages in a CLVS that have a particular nnpfc_id value and nnpfc_base_flag equal to 1 shall have identical SEI payload content.

[0075] When nnpfc_base_flag is equal to 0, the following applies: – This SEI message defines an update relative to the preceding base NNPF in decoding order with the same nnpfc_id value. Updates are not cumulative but rather each update is applied on the base NNPF, which is the NNPF specified by the first NNPFC SEI message, in decoding order, that has a particular nnpfc_id value within the current CLVS. The NNPF defined by this SEI message is obtained by applying the update defined by this SEI message relative to the base NNPF with the same nnpfc_id value.Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) – This SEI message pertains to the current decoded picture and all subsequent decoded pictures of the current layer, in output order, until the end of the current CLVS or up to but excluding the decoded picture that follows the current decoded picture in output order within the current CLVS and is associated with a subsequent NNPFC SEI message, in decoding order, having nnpfc_base_flag equal to 0 and that particular nnpfc_id value within the current CLVS, whichever is earlier.

[0076] nnpfc_mode_idc, when equal to 0, indicates that the neural network information is contained in the NNPFC SEI message, and the neural network information is in the format of an ISO / IEC 15938-17 bitstream. nnpfc_mode_idc equal to 1 indicates that the neural network information is identified by the URI indicated by nnpfc_uri with the format identified by the tag URI nnpfc_tag_uri.

[0077] The value of nnpfc_mode_idc shall be in the range of 0 to 255, inclusive. Values of 2 to 255, inclusive, for nnpfc_mode_idc are reserved for future use by ITU-T | ISO / IEC and shall not be present in bitstreams conforming to this version of this Specification. Decoders conforming to this version of this Specification shall ignore NNPFC SEI messages with nnpfc_mode_idc in the range of 2 to 255, inclusive.

[0078] nnpfc_alignment_zero_bit_a shall be equal to 0.

[0079] nnpfc_tag_uri contains a tag URI with syntax and semantics as specified in IETF RFC 4151 identifying the format and associated information about the neural network used as a base NNPF or an update relative to the base NNPF with the same nnpfc_id value specified by nnpfc_uri.

[0080] NOTE 3 – nnpfc_tag_uri enables uniquely identifying the format of neural network data specified by nnpfc_uri without needing a central registration authority.

[0081] nnpfc_tag_uri equal to "tag:iso.org,2023:15938-17" indicates that the neural network data identified by nnpfc_uri conforms to ISO / IEC 15938-17.

[0082] nnpfc_uri contains a URI with syntax and semantics as specified in IETF Internet Standard 66 identifying the neural network used as a base NNPF or an update relative to the base NNPF with the same nnpfc_id value.

[0083] nnpfc_property_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that syntax elements related to the filter properties including purpose, input formatting, output formatting, and complexity are present. nnpfc_property_present_flag equal to 0 specifies that no syntax elements related to the filter properties are present.

[0084] When nnpfc_base_flag is equal to 1, nnpfc_property_present_flag shall be equal to 1.

[0085] When nnpfc_property_present_flag is equal to 0, the values of all syntax elements that may be present only when nnpfc_property_present_flag is equal to 1 are inferred to be equal to their corresponding syntax elements, respectively, in the NNPFC SEI message that contains the base NNPF for which this SEI message provides an update.

[0086] When an NNPFC SEI message nnpfcCurr is not the first NNPFC SEI message, in decoding order, that has a particular nnpfc_id value within the current CLVS, is not a repetition of the first NNPFC SEI message with that particular nnpfc_id value (in this case the value of nnpfc_base_flag is equal to 0), and the value of nnpfc_property_present_flag is equal to 1, the following constraints apply: – The values of syntax elements following nnpfc_property_present_flag and preceding nnpfc_complexity_info_present_flag, in decoding order, in the NNPFC SEI message shall be the same as theAtty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) values of corresponding syntax elements in the first NNPFC SEI message, in decoding order, that has that particular nnpfc_id value within the current CLVS. – Either nnpfc_complexity_info_present_flag shall be equal to 0 or both nnpfc_complexity_info_present_flag shall be equal to 1 in the first NNPFC SEI message, in decoding order, that has that particular nnpfc_id value within the current CLVS (denoted as nnpfcBase below) and all the following constraints apply: – nnpfc_parameter_type_idc in nnpfcCurr shall be equal to nnpfc_parameter_type_idc in nnpfcBase. – nnpfc_log2_parameter_bit_length_minus3 in nnpfcCurr, when present, shall be less than or equal to nnpfc_log2_parameter_bit_length_minus3 in nnpfcBase. – If nnpfc_num_parameters_idc in nnpfcBase is equal to 0, nnpfc_num_parameters_idc in nnpfcCurr shall be equal to 0. – Otherwise (nnpfc_num_parameters_idc in nnpfcBase is greater than 0), nnpfc_num_parameters_idc in nnpfcCurr shall be greater than 0 and less than or equal to nnpfc_num_parameters_idc in nnpfcBase. – If nnpfc_num_kmac_operations_idc in nnpfcBase is equal to 0, nnpfc_num_kmac_operations_idc in nnpfcCurr shall be equal to 0. – Otherwise (nnpfc_num_kmac_operations_idc in nnpfcBase is greater than 0), nnpfc_num_kmac_operations_idc in nnpfcCurr shall be greater than 0 and less than or equal to nnpfc_num_kmac_operations_idc in nnpfcBase. – If nnpfc_total_kilobyte_size in nnpfcBase is equal to 0, nnpfc_total_kilobyte_size in nnpfcCurr shall be equal to 0. – Otherwise (nnpfc_total_kilobyte_size in nnpfcBase is greater than 0), nnpfc_total_kilobyte_size in nnpfcCurr shall be greater than 0 and less than or equal to nnpfc_total_kilobyte_size in nnpfcBase.

[0087] nnpfc_num_input_pics_minus1 plus 1 specifies the number of pictures used as input for the NNPF. The value of nnpfc_num_input_pics_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to 63, inclusive. When PictureRateUpsamplingFlag is equal to 1, the value of nnpfc_num_input_pics_minus1 shall be greater than 0.

[0088] The variable numInputPics, specifying the number of pictures used as input for the NNPF, is derived as follows: numInputPics = nnpfc_num_input_pics_minus1 + 1 (76)

[0089] nnpfc_input_pic_filtering_flag[ i ] equal to 1 indicates that for the i-th input picture the NNPF generates a corresponding output picture. nnpfc_input_pic_filtering_flag[ i ] equal to 0 indicates that for the i-th input picture the NNPF does not generate a corresponding output picture. Each NNPF-generated picture is stored in the output tensor of the NNPF. When nnpfc_num_input_pics_minus1 is equal to 0, nnpfc_input_pic_filtering_flag

[0000] is inferred to be equal to 1. When PictureRateUpsamplingFlag is equal to 0 and nnpfc_num_input_pics_minus1 is greater than 0, nnpfc_input_pic_filtering_flag[ i ] shall be equal to 1 for at least one value of i in the range of 0 to nnpfc_num_input_pics_minus1, inclusive.

[0090] nnpfc_absent_input_pic_zero_flag equal to 1 indicates that the NNPF expects an input picture that is not present in the bitstream to be represented by sample arrays with sample values equal to 0. nnpfc_absent_input_pic_zero_flag equal to 0 indicates that the NNPF expects an input picture inputPicA that is notAtty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) present in the bitstream to be represented by the input picture inputPicB that is the closest to inputPicA in output order and is present in the bitstream.

[0091] nnpfc_out_sub_c_flag specifies the values of the variables outSubWidthC and outSubHeightC when ChromaUpsamplingFlag is equal to 1. nnpfc_out_sub_c_flag equal to 1 specifies that outSubWidthC is equal to 1 and outSubHeightC is equal to 1. nnpfc_out_sub_c_flag equal to 0 specifies that outSubWidthC is equal to 2 and outSubHeightC is equal to 1. When ChromaFormatIdc is equal to 2 and nnpfc_out_sub_c_flag is present, the value of nnpfc_out_sub_c_flag shall be equal to 1.

[0092] nnpfc_out_colour_format_idc, when ColourizationFlag is equal to 1, specifies the colour format of the NNPF-generated pictures and consequently the values of the variables outSubWidthC and outSubHeightC. nnpfc_out_colour_format_idc equal to 1 specifies that the colour format of the NNPF-generated pictures is the 4:2:0 format and outSubWidthC and outSubHeightC are both equal to 2. nnpfc_out_colour_format_idc equal to 2 specifies that the colour format of the NNPF-generated pictures is the 4:2:2 format and outSubWidthC is equal to 2 and outSubHeightC is equal to 1. nnpfc_out_colour_format_idc equal to 3 specifies that the colour format of the NNPF- generated pictures is the 4:4:4 format and outSubWidthC and outSubHeightC are both equal to 1. The value of nnpfc_out_colour_format_idc shall not be equal to 0.

[0093] When ChromaUpsamplingFlag and ColourizationFlag are both equal to 0, outSubWidthC and outSubHeightC are inferred to be equal to SubWidthC and SubHeightC, respectively.

[0094] nnpfc_pic_width_num_minus1 plus 1 and nnpfc_pic_width_denom_minus1 plus 1 specify the numerator and denominator, respectively, for the resampling ratio of the width of the NNPF-generated pictures relative to CroppedWidth. Both nnpfc_pic_width_num_minus1 and nnpfc_pic_width_denom_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to 65535, inclusive.

[0095] The value of ( nnpfc_pic_width_num_minus1 + 1 ) ÷ ( nnpfc_pic_width_denom_minus1 + 1 ) shall be in the range of 1 ÷ 16 to 16, inclusive. When nnpfc_pic_width_num_minus1 and nnpfc_pic_width_denom_minus1 are not present, the values of nnpfc_pic_width_num_minus1 and nnpfc_pic_width_denom_minus1 are both inferred to be equal to 0.

[0096] The variable nnpfcOutputPicWidth, representing the width of the luma sample arrays of the NNPF- generated pictures, is derived as follows: nnpfcOutputPicWidth = Ceil( CroppedWidth * (77) ( nnpfc_pic_width_num_minus1 + 1 ) ÷ ( nnpfc_pic_width_denom_minus1 + 1 ) )

[0097] It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that the value of nnpfcOutputPicWidth % outSubWidthC shall be equal to 0.

[0098] nnpfc_pic_height_num_minus1 plus 1 and nnpfc_pic_height_denom_minus1 plus 1 specify the numerator and denominator, respectively, for the resampling ratio of the height of the NNPF-generated pictures relative to CroppedHeight. Both nnpfc_pic_height_num_minus1 and nnpfc_pic_height_denom_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to 65535, inclusive.Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W)

[0099] The value of ( nnpfc_pic_height_num_minus1 + 1 ) ÷ ( nnpfc_pic_height_denom_minus1 + 1 ) shall be in the range of 1 ÷ 16 to 16, inclusive. When nnpfc_pic_height_num_minus1 and nnpfc_pic_height_denom_minus1 are not present, the values of nnpfc_pic_height_num_minus1 and nnpfc_pic_height_denom_minus1 are both inferred to be equal to 0.

[0100] The variable nnpfcOutputPicHeight, representing the height of the luma sample arrays of the NNPF- generated pictures, is derived as follows: nnpfcOutputPicHeight = Ceil( CroppedHeight * (78) ( nnpfc_pic_height_num_minus1 + 1 ) ÷ ( nnpfc_pic_height_denom_minus1 + 1 ) )

[0101] It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that the value of nnpfcOutputPicHeight % outSubHeightC shall be equal to 0.

[0102] When ResolutionResamplingFlag is equal to 1, at least one the following conditions shall be true: – The value of nnpfcOutputPicWidth is not equal to CroppedWidth. – The value of nnpfcOutputPicHeight is not equal to CroppedHeight.

[0103] nnpfc_interpolated_pics[ i ] specifies the number of interpolated pictures generated by the NNPF between the i-th and the ( i + 1 )-th input picture for the NNPF. The value of nnpfc_interpolated_pics[ i ] shall be in the range of 0 to 63, inclusive. When the nnpfc_interpolated_pics[ i ] syntax elements are present, the value of nnpfc_interpolated_pics[ i ] shall be greater than 0 for at least one value of i in the range of 0 to nnpfc_num_input_pics_minus1 − 1, inclusive.

[0104] NOTE 4 – When PictureRateUpsamplingFlag is equal to 1 for an NNPF and the NNPFA SEI message that activated this NNPF has nnpfa_persistence_flag equal to 1, only for a single value of i in the range of 0 to numInputPics − 1, inclusive, the value of nnpfc_interpolated_pics[ i ] is greater than 0.

[0105] nnpfc_extrapolated_pics_minus1 plus 1 specifies the number of extrapolated pictures generated by the NNPF subsequent to all input pictures for the NNPF in output order. The value of nnpfc_extrapolated_pics_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to 62, inclusive.

[0106] The variables NumInpPicsInOutputTensor, specifying the number of pictures that have a corresponding input picture and are present in the output tensor of the NNPF, InpIdx[ idx ], specifying the input picture index, to the list of input pictures in reverse output order, of the idx-th picture that is present in the output tensor of the NNPF and has a corresponding input picture, and numPicsInOutputTensor, specifying the total number of pictures present in the output tensor of the NNPF, are derived as follows: for( i = 0, numPicsInOutputTensor = 0; i < numInputPics; i++ ) if( nnpfc_input_pic_filtering_flag[ i ] ) { InpIdx[ numPicsInOutputTensor ] = i numPicsInOutputTensor++ } (79) NumInpPicsInOutputTensor = numPicsInOutputTensorAtty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) if( PictureRateUpsamplingFlag ) for( i = 0; i <= numInputPics − 2; i++ ) numPicsInOutputTensor += nnpfc_interpolated_pics[ i ] if( TemporalExtrapolationFlag ) numPicsInOutputTensor += nnpfc_extrapolated_pics + 1

[0107] nnpfc_component_last_flag equal to 1 indicates that the last dimension in the input tensor inputTensor to the NNPF and the output tensor outputTensor of the NNPF is used for a current channel. nnpfc_component_last_flag equal to 0 indicates that the third dimension in the input tensor inputTensor to the NNPF and the output tensor outputTensor of the NNPF is used for a current channel.

[0108] NOTE 5 – The first dimension in the input tensor and in the output tensor is used for the batch index, which is a common practice in some neural network frameworks. While the equations in the semantics of this SEI message use the batch size corresponding to the batch index equal to 0, it is up to the post-processing implementation to determine the batch size used as the input to the neural network inference process.

[0109] NOTE 6 – For example, when nnpfc_inp_order_idc is equal to 3 and nnpfc_auxiliary_inp_idc is equal to 1, there are 7 channels in the input tensor, including four luma matrices, two chroma matrices, and one auxiliary input matrix. In this case, the process DeriveInputTensors( ) would derive each of these 7 channels of the input tensor one by one, and when a particular channel of these channels is processed, that channel is referred to as the current channel during the process.

[0110] nnpfc_inp_format_idc indicates the method of converting a sample value of the input picture to an input value to the NNPF. The value of nnpfc_inp_format_idc shall be in the range of 0 to 255, inclusive. Values of nnpfc_inp_format_idc in the range of 2 to 255, inclusive, are reserved for future specification by ITU-T | ISO / IEC and shall not be present in bitstreams conforming to this version of this Specification. Decoders conforming to this version of this Specification shall ignore NNPFC SEI messages with nnpfc_inp_format_idc in the range of 2 to 255, inclusive.

[0111] When nnpfc_inp_format_idc is equal to 0, the input values to the NNPF are real numbers and the functions InpY( ) and InpC( ) are specified as follows: InpY( x ) = x ÷ ( ( 1 << BitDepthY) − 1 ) (80)BitDepthC) − 1 ) (81)

[0112] is equal to 1, the input values to the NNPF are unsigned integer numbers and the functions InpY( ) and InpC( ) are specified as follows: shiftY = BitDepthY− inpTensorBitDepthYif( inpTensorBitDepthY>= BitDepthY) InpY( x ) = x << ( inpTensorBitDepthY− BitDepthY) (82) else InpY( x ) = Clip3(0, ( 1 << inpTensorBitDepthY ) − 1, ( x + ( 1 << ( shiftY − 1 ) ) ) >> shiftY ) shiftC = BitDepthC − inpTensorBitDepthC if( inpTensorBitDepthC >= BitDepthC )Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) InpC( x ) = x << ( inpTensorBitDepthC − BitDepthC ) (83) else InpC( x ) = Clip3(0, ( 1 << inpTensorBitDepthC ) − 1, ( x + ( 1 << ( shiftC − 1 ) ) ) >> shiftC )

[0113] The variable inpTensorBitDepthY is derived from the syntax element nnpfc_inp_tensor_luma_bitdepth_minus8 as specified below. The variable inpTensorBitDepthC is derived from the syntax element nnpfc_inp_tensor_chroma_bitdepth_minus8 as specified below.

[0114] nnpfc_auxiliary_inp_idc greater than 0 indicates that auxiliary input data is present in the input tensor of the NNPF. nnpfc_auxiliary_inp_idc equal to 0 indicates that auxiliary input data is not present in the input tensor. nnpfc_auxiliary_inp_idc equal to 1 specifies that auxiliary input data is derived as specified in Equation 95.

[0115] The value of nnpfc_auxiliary_inp_idc shall be in the range of 0 to 255, inclusive. Values of 2 to 255, inclusive, for nnpfc_auxiliary_inp_idc are reserved for future use by ITU-T | ISO / IEC and shall not be present in bitstreams conforming to this version of this Specification. Decoders conforming to this version of this Specification shall ignore NNPFC SEI messages with nnpfc_auxiliary_inp_idc in the range of 2 to 255, inclusive.

[0116] nnpfc_inp_order_idc indicates the method of ordering the sample arrays of an input picture to form an input tensor to the NNPF.

[0117] The value of nnpfc_inp_order_idc shall be in the range of 0 to 255, inclusive. Values of 4 to 255, inclusive, for nnpfc_inp_order_idc are reserved for future use by ITU-T | ISO / IEC and shall not be present in bitstreams conforming to this version of this Specification. Decoders conforming to this version of this Specification shall ignore NNPFC SEI messages with nnpfc_inp_order_idc in the range of 4 to 255, inclusive.

[0118] When ChromaFormatIdc is not equal to 1, nnpfc_inp_order_idc shall not be equal to 3.

[0119] When ChromaFormatIdc is equal to 0, nnpfc_inp_order_idc shall be equal to 0.

[0120] When ChromaUpsamplingFlag is equal to 1, nnpfc_inp_order_idc shall not be equal to 0.

[0121] Table 21 contains an informative description of nnpfc_inp_order_idc values. Table 21 – Description of nnpfc_inp_order_idc values nnpfc_inp_ Description or en re or, wo isAtty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) 2 If nnpfc_auxiliary_inp_idc is equal to 0, one luma and two chroma matrices are present in the input tensor, and the number of channels is 3. Otherwise, when nnpfc_auxiliary_inp_idc re re en ne he is [01nt (left) when nnpfc_inp_order_idc is equal to 3

[0123] nnpfc_inp_tensor_luma_bitdepth_minus8 plus 8 specifies the bit depth of luma sample values in the input integer tensor. The value of inpTensorBitDepthY is derived as follows: inpTensorBitDepthY = nnpfc_inp_tensor_luma_bitdepth_minus8 + 8 (84)

[0124] It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that the value of nnpfc_inp_tensor_luma_bitdepth_minus8 shall be in the range of 0 to 24, inclusive.

[0125] nnpfc_inp_tensor_chroma_bitdepth_minus8 plus 8 specifies the bit depth of chroma sample values in the input integer tensor. The value of inpTensorBitDepthC is derived as follows: inpTensorBitDepthC = nnpfc_inp_tensor_chroma_bitdepth_minus8 + 8 (85)

[0126] It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that the value of nnpfc_inp_tensor_chroma_bitdepth_minus8 shall be in the range of 0 to 24, inclusive.

[0127] nnpfc_out_format_idc equal to 0 indicates that the sample values output by the NNPF are real numbers where the value range of 0 to 1, inclusive, maps linearly to the unsigned integer value range of 0 to ( 1 << bitDepth ) − 1, inclusive, for any desired bit depth bitDepth for subsequent post-processing or displaying.

[0128] nnpfc_out_format_idc equal to 1 indicates that the luma sample values output by the NNPF are unsigned integer numbers in the range of 0 to ( 1 << outTensorBitDepthY ) − 1, inclusive, and the chroma sample values output by the NNPF are unsigned integer numbers in the range of 0 to ( 1 << outTensorBitDepthC ) − 1, inclusive.

[0129] The value of nnpfc_out_format_idc shall be in the range of 0 to 255, inclusive. Values of 2 to 255, inclusive, for nnpfc_out_format_idc are reserved for future specification by ITU-T | ISO / IEC and shall not be present in bitstreams conforming to this version of this Specification. Decoders conforming to this version of this Specification shall ignore NNPFC SEI messages with nnpfc_out_format_idc in the range of 2 to 255, inclusive.Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W)

[0130] nnpfc_out_order_idc indicates the output order of samples resulting from the NNPF.

[0131] The value of nnpfc_out_order_idc shall be in the range of 0 to 255, inclusive. Values of 4 to 255, inclusive, for nnpfc_out_order_idc are reserved for future use by ITU-T | ISO / IEC and shall not be present in bitstreams conforming to this version of this Specification. Decoders conforming to this version of this Specification shall ignore NNPFC SEI messages with nnpfc_out_order_idc in the range of 4 to 255, inclusive.

[0132] When ChromaUpsamplingFlag is equal to 1, nnpfc_out_order_idc shall not be equal to 0 or 3.

[0133] When ColourizationFlag is equal to 1, nnpfc_out_order_idc shall not be equal to 0.

[0134] Table 22 contains an informative description of nnpfc_out_order_idc values. Table 22 – Description of nnpfc_out_order_idc values nnpfc_out_ Description order idc 3. of :0. [_ _ _ _ _ utput integer tensor. The value of nnpfc_out_tensor_luma_bitdepth_minus8 shall be in the range of 0 to 24, inclusive. The value of outTensorBitDepthY is derived as follows: outTensorBitDepthY = nnpfc_out_tensor_luma_bitdepth_minus8 + 8 (86)

[0136] nnpfc_out_tensor_chroma_bitdepth_minus8 plus 8 specifies the bit depth of chroma sample values in the output integer tensor. The value of nnpfc_out_tensor_chroma_bitdepth_minus8 shall be in the range of 0 to 24, inclusive. The value of outTensorBitDepthC is derived as follows: outTensorBitDepthC = nnpfc_out_tensor_chroma_bitdepth_minus8 + 8 (87)

[0137] When BitDepthUpsamplingFlag is equal to 1, the value of nnpfc_out_format_idc shall be equal to 1 and at least one of the following conditions shall be true: – nnpfc_out_tensor_luma_bitdepth_minus8 is present and outTensorBitDepthYis greater than BitDepthY. – nnpfc_out_tensor_chroma_bitdepth_minus8 is present and outTensorBitDepthC is greater than BitDepthC.

[0138] When nnpfc_inp_tensor_luma_bitdepth_minus8, nnpfc_inp_tensor_chroma_bitdepth_minus8, nnpfc_out_tensor_luma_bitdepth_minus8, and nnpfc_out_tensor_chroma_bitdepth_minus8 are present and outTensorBitDepthY is greater than inpTensorBitDepthY, outTensorBitDepthC shall not be less than inpTensorBitDepthC. When nnpfc_inp_tensor_luma_bitdepth_minus8, nnpfc_inp_tensor_chroma_bitdepth_minus8, nnpfc_out_tensor_luma_bitdepth_minus8, and nnpfc_out_tensor_chroma_bitdepth_minus8 are present andAtty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) outTensorBitDepthC is greater than inpTensorBitDepthC, outTensorBitDepthY shall not be less than inpTensorBitDepthY.

[0139] nnpfc_separate_colour_description_present_flag equal to 1 indicates that a distinct combination of colour primaries, transfer characteristics, matrix coefficients, and scaling and offset values applied in association with the matrix coefficients for the picture resulting from the NNPF is specified in the SEI message syntax structure. nnpfc_separate_colour_description_present_flag equal to 0 indicates that the combination of colour primaries, transfer characteristics, matrix coefficients, and scaling and offset values applied in association with the matrix coefficients for the picture resulting from the NNPF is the same as implied by the VUI parameters vui_colour_primaries, vui_tranfer_characteristics, vui_matrix_coeffs, and vui_full_range_flag that are indicated or inferred for the CLVS.

[0140] nnpfc_colour_primaries has the same semantics as specified in clause 7.3 for the vui_colour_primaries syntax element, except as follows: – nnpfc_colour_primaries specifies the colour primaries of the picture resulting from applying the NNPF specified in the SEI message, rather than the colour primaries used for the CLVS. – When nnpfc_colour_primaries is not present in the NNPFC SEI message, the value of nnpfc_colour_primaries is inferred to be equal to vui_colour_primaries.

[0141] nnpfc_transfer_characteristics has the same semantics as specified in clause 7.3 for the vui_transfer_characteristics syntax element, except as follows: – nnpfc_transfer_characteristics specifies the transfer characteristics of the picture resulting from applying the NNPF specified in the SEI message, rather than the transfer characteristics used for the CLVS. – When nnpfc_transfer_characteristics is not present in the NNPFC SEI message, the value of nnpfc_transfer_characteristics is inferred to be equal to vui_transfer_characteristics.

[0142] nnpfc_matrix_coeffs describes the equations used in deriving luma and chroma signals from the green, blue, and red, or Y, Z, and X primaries. Its semantics apply to the pictures resulting from applying the NNPF specified in this SEI message and are as specified for MatrixCoefficients in Rec. ITU-T H.273 | ISO / IEC 23091-2 with BitDepthY and BitDepthC being equal to outTensorBitDepthY and outTensorBitDepthC, respectively.

[0143] When nnpfc_matrix_coeffs is not present in the NNPFC SEI message, the value of nnpfc_matrix_coeffs is inferred to be equal to vui_matrix_coeffs.

[0144] nnpfc_matrix_coeffs shall not be equal to 0 unless both of the following conditions are true: – nnpfc_out_tensor_chroma_bitdepth_minus8 is equal to nnpfc_out_tensor_luma_bitdepth_minus8. – nnpfc_out_order_idc is equal to 2, outSubHeightC is equal to 1, and outSubWidthC is equal to 1.

[0145] nnpfc_matrix_coeffs shall not be equal to 8 unless one of the following conditions is true: – nnpfc_out_tensor_chroma_bitdepth_minus8 is equal to nnpfc_out_tensor_luma_bitdepth_minus8. – nnpfc_out_tensor_chroma_bitdepth_minus8 is equal to nnpfc_out_tensor_luma_bitdepth_minus8 + 1, nnpfc_out_order_idc is equal to 2, outSubHeightC is equal to 1, and outSubWidthC is equal to 1.

[0146] nnpfc_full_range_flag indicates the scaling and offset values applied in association with the matrix coefficients as specified by nnpfc_matrix_coeffs. Its semantics are as specified for the VideoFullRangeFlag parameterAtty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) in Rec. ITU-T H.273 | ISO / IEC 23091-2. When not present, the value of nnpfc_full_range_flag is inferred to be equal to 0.

[0147] nnpfc_chroma_loc_info_present_flag equal to 1 indicates the presence of the nnpfc_chroma_sample_loc_type_frame syntax element in the NNPFC SEI message. nnpfc_chroma_loc_info_present_flag equal to 0 indicates the absence of the nnpfc_chroma_sample_loc_type_frame syntax element in the NNPFC SEI message. When nnpfc_chroma_loc_info_present_flag is not present, its value is inferred to be equal to 0. When ColourizationFlag is equal to 0 or nnpfc_out_colour_format_idc is not equal to 1, the value of nnpfc_chroma_loc_info_present_flag shall be equal to 0.

[0148] nnpfc_chroma_sample_loc_type_frame, when not equal to 6 and nnpfc_out_colour_format_idc is equal to 1, specifies the location of chroma samples of the output pictures. nnpfc_chroma_sample_loc_type_frame equal to 6 and nnpfc_out_colour_format_idc equal to 1 indicates that the location of the chroma samples is unknown or unspecified or specified by other means not specified in this Specification. The value of nnpfc_chroma_sample_loc_type_frame shall be in the range of 0 to 6, inclusive.

[0149] nnpfc_overlap indicates the overlapping horizontal and vertical sample counts of adjacent input tensors of the NNPF. The value of nnpfc_overlap shall be in the range of 0 to 16383, inclusive.

[0150] nnpfc_constant_patch_size_flag equal to 1 indicates that the NNPF accepts exactly the patch size indicated by nnpfc_patch_width_minus1 and nnpfc_patch_height_minus1 as input. nnpfc_constant_patch_size_flag equal to 0 indicates that the NNPF accepts as input any patch size with width inpPatchWidth and height inpPatchHeight such that the width of an extended patch (i.e., a patch plus the overlapping area), which is equal to inpPatchWidth + 2 * nnpfc_overlap, is a positive integer multiple of nnpfc_extended_patch_width_cd_delta_minus1 + 1 + 2 * nnpfc_overlap, and the height of the extended patch, which is equal to inpPatchHeight + 2 * nnpfc_overlap, is a positive integer multiple of nnpfc_extended_patch_height_cd_delta_minus1 + 1 + 2 * nnpfc_overlap.

[0151] nnpfc_patch_width_minus1 plus 1, when nnpfc_constant_patch_size_flag equal to 1, indicates the horizontal sample counts of the patch size required for the input to the NNPF. The value of nnpfc_patch_width_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to Min( 32766, CroppedWidth − 1 ), inclusive.

[0152] nnpfc_patch_height_minus1 plus 1, when nnpfc_constant_patch_size_flag equal to 1, indicates the vertical sample counts of the patch size required for the input to the NNPF. The value of nnpfc_patch_height_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to Min( 32766, CroppedHeight − 1 ), inclusive.

[0153] nnpfc_extended_patch_width_cd_delta_minus1 plus 1 plus 2 * nnpfc_overlap, when nnpfc_constant_patch_size_flag equal to 0, indicates a common divisor of all allowed values of the width of an extended patch required for the input to the NNPF. The value of nnpfc_extended_patch_width_cd_delta_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to Min( 32766, CroppedWidth − 1 ), inclusive.

[0154] nnpfc_extended_patch_height_cd_delta_minus1 plus 1 plus 2 * nnpfc_overlap, when nnpfc_constant_patch_size_flag equal to 0, indicates a common divisor of all allowed values of the height of an extended patch required for the input to the NNPF. The value of nnpfc_extended_patch_height_cd_delta_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to Min( 32766, CroppedHeight − 1 ), inclusive.Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W)

[0155] Let the variables inpPatchWidth and inpPatchHeight be the patch size width and the patch size height, respectively.

[0156] If nnpfc_constant_patch_size_flag is equal to 0, the following applies: – The values of inpPatchWidth and inpPatchHeight are either provided by external means not specified in this Specification or set by the post-processor itself. – The value of inpPatchWidth + 2 * nnpfc_overlap shall be a positive integer multiple of nnpfc_extended_patch_width_cd_delta_minus1 + 1 + 2 * nnpfc_overlap and inpPatchWidth shall be less than or equal to CroppedWidth. The value of inpPatchHeight + 2 * nnpfc_overlap shall be a positive integer multiple of nnpfc_extended_patch_height_cd_delta_minus1 + 1 + 2 * nnpfc_overlap and inpPatchHeight shall be less than or equal to CroppedHeight.

[0157] Otherwise (nnpfc_constant_patch_size_flag is equal to 1), the value of inpPatchWidth is set equal to nnpfc_patch_width_minus1 + 1 and the value of inpPatchHeight is set equal to nnpfc_patch_height_minus1 + 1.

[0158] The variables outPatchWidth, outPatchHeight, horCScaling, verCScaling, outPatchCWidth, and outPatchCHeight are derived as follows: outPatchWidth = ( nnpfcOutputPicWidth * inpPatchWidth ) / CroppedWidth (88) outPatchHeight = ( nnpfcOutputPicHeight * inpPatchHeight ) / CroppedHeight (89) horCScaling = SubWidthC / outSubWidthC (90) verCScaling = SubHeightC / outSubHeightC (91) outPatchCWidth = outPatchWidth * horCScaling(92) outPatchCHeight = outPatchHeight * verCScaling (93)

[0159] It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that outPatchWidth * CroppedWidth shall be equal to nnpfcOutputPicWidth * inpPatchWidth and outPatchHeight * CroppedHeight shall be equal to nnpfcOutputPicHeight * inpPatchHeight.

[0160] nnpfc_padding_type indicates the process of padding when referencing sample locations outside the boundaries of the input picture as described in Table 23. The value of nnpfc_padding_type shall be in the range of 0 to 15, inclusive. Values of 5 to 15, inclusive, for nnpfc_padding_type are reserved for future use by ITU-T | ISO / IEC and shall not be present in bitstreams conforming to this version of this Specification. Decoders conforming to this version of this Specification shall ignore NNPFC SEI messages with nnpfc_padding_type in the range of 5 to 15, inclusive. Table 23 – Informative description of nnpfc_padding_type values nnpfc_padding_type DescriptionAtty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W)

[0161] nnpfc_luma_padding_val indicates the luma value to be used for padding when nnpfc_padding_type is equal to 4. The value of nnpfc_luma_padding_val shall be in the range of 0 to ( 1 << BitDepthY ) − 1, inclusive.

[0162] nnpfc_cb_padding_val indicates the Cb value to be used for padding when nnpfc_padding_type is equal to 4. The value of nnpfc_cb_padding_val shall be in the range of 0 to ( 1 << BitDepthC ) − 1, inclusive.

[0163] nnpfc_cr_padding_val indicates the Cr value to be used for padding when nnpfc_padding_type is equal to 4. The value of nnpfc_cr_padding_val shall be in the range of 0 to ( 1 << BitDepthC ) − 1, inclusive.

[0164] The function InpSampleVal( y, x, picHeight, picWidth, croppedPic, cIdx ) with inputs being a vertical sample location y, a horizontal sample location x, a picture height picHeight, a picture width picWidth, sample array croppedPic, and component index cIdx (equal to 0 for luma, 1 for Cb, and 2 for Cr) returns the value of sampleVal derived as follows:

[0165] NOTE 7 – For the inputs to the function InpSampleVal( ), the vertical location is listed before the horizontal location for compatibility with input tensor conventions of some inference engines. if( nnpfc_padding_type = = 0 ) if( y < 0 | | x < 0 | | y >= picHeight | | x >= picWidth ) sampleVal = 0 else sampleVal = croppedPic[ x ][ y ] (94) else if( nnpfc_padding_type = = 1 ) sampleVal = croppedPic[ Clip3( 0, picWidth − 1, x ) ][ Clip3( 0, picHeight − 1, y ) ] else if( nnpfc_padding_type = = 2 ) sampleVal = croppedPic[ Reflect( picWidth − 1, x ) ][ Reflect( picHeight − 1, y ) ] else if( nnpfc_padding_type = = 3 ) if( y >= 0 && y < picHeight ) sampleVal = croppedPic[ Wrap( picWidth − 1, x ) ][ y ] else if( nnpfc_padding_type = = 4 ) if( y < 0 | | x < 0 | | y >= picHeight | | x >= picWidth ) sampleVal = ( cIdx = = 0 ? nnpfc_luma_padding_val : ( cIdx = = 1 ? nnpfc_cb_padding_val : nnpfc_cr_padding_val ) ) else sampleVal = croppedPic[ x ][ y ]

[0166] When nnpfc_auxiliary_inp_idc is equal to 1, the variable strengthControlScaledVal is derived as follows: for( i = 0; i < numInputPics; i++ ) if( nnpfc_inp_format_idc = = 1 ) (95) if( nnpfc_inp_order_idc = = 0 | | nnpfc_inp_order_idc = = 2 | | nnpfc_inp_order_idc = = 3 )Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) strengthControlScaledVal[ i ] = Floor ( StrengthControlVal[ i ] * ( ( 1 << inpTensorBitDepthY ) − 1 ) ) else if( nnpfc_inp_order_idc = = 1 ) strengthControlScaledVal[ i ] = Floor ( StrengthControlVal[ i ] * ( ( 1 << inpTensorBitDepthC) − 1 ) ) else strengthControlScaledVal[ i ] = StrengthControlVal[ i ]

[0167] A patch is a rectangular array of samples from a component (e.g., a luma or chroma component) of a picture.

[0168] The process DeriveInputTensors( ), for deriving the input tensor inputTensor for a given vertical sample coordinate cTop and a horizontal sample coordinate cLeft specifying the top-left sample location for the patch of samples included in the input tensor, is specified as follows: for( i = 0; i < numInputPics; i++ ) { if( nnpfc_inp_order_idc = = 0 ) for( yP = −nnpfc_overlap; yP < inpPatchHeight + nnpfc_overlap; yP++) for( xP = −nnpfc_overlap; xP < inpPatchWidth + nnpfc_overlap; xP++ ) { inpVal = InpY( InpSampleVal( cTop + yP, cLeft + xP, CroppedHeight, CroppedWidth, CroppedYPic[ i ], 0 ) ) yPovlp = yP + nnpfc_overlap xPovlp = xP + nnpfc_overlap if( !nnpfc_component_last_flag ) inputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0000] [ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ] = inpVal else inputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ]

[0000] = inpVal if( nnpfc_auxiliary_inp_idc = = 1 ) if( !nnpfc_component_last_flag ) inputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0001] [ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ] = strengthControlScaledVal[ i ] else inputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ]

[0001] = strengthControlScaledVal[ i ] } else if( nnpfc_inp_order_idc = = 1 ) (96) for( yP = −nnpfc_overlap; yP < inpPatchHeight + nnpfc_overlap; yP++) for( xP = −nnpfc_overlap; xP < inpPatchWidth + nnpfc_overlap; xP++ ) { inpCbVal = InpC( InpSampleVal( cTop + yP, cLeft + xP, CroppedHeight / SubHeightC, CroppedWidth / SubWidthC, CroppedCbPic[ i ], 1 ) ) inpCrVal = InpC( InpSampleVal( cTop + yP, cLeft + xP, CroppedHeight / SubHeightC,Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) CroppedWidth / SubWidthC, CroppedCrPic[ i ], 2 ) ) yPovlp = yP + nnpfc_overlap xPovlp = xP + nnpfc_overlap if( !nnpfc_component_last_flag ) { inputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0000] [ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ] = inpCbVal inputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0001] [ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ] = inpCrVal } else { inputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ]

[0000] = inpCbVal inputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ]

[0001] = inpCrVal } if( nnpfc_auxiliary_inp_idc = = 1 ) if( !nnpfc_component_last_flag ) inputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0002] [ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ] = strengthControlScaledVal[ i ] else inputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ]

[0002] = strengthControlScaledVal[ i ] } else if( nnpfc_inp_order_idc = = 2 ) for( yP = −nnpfc_overlap; yP < inpPatchHeight + nnpfc_overlap; yP++) for( xP = −nnpfc_overlap; xP < inpPatchWidth + nnpfc_overlap; xP++ ) { yY = cTop + yP xY = cLeft + xP yC = yY / SubHeightC xC = xY / SubWidthC inpYVal = InpY( InpSampleVal( yY, xY, CroppedHeight, CroppedWidth, CroppedYPic[ i ], 0 ) ) inpCbVal = InpC( InpSampleVal( yC, xC, CroppedHeight / SubHeightC, CroppedWidth / SubWidthC, CroppedCbPic[ i ], 1 ) ) inpCrVal = InpC( InpSampleVal( yC, xC, CroppedHeight / SubHeightC, CroppedWidth / SubWidthC, CroppedCrPic[ i ], 2 ) ) yPovlp = yP + nnpfc_overlap xPovlp = xP + nnpfc_overlap if( !nnpfc_component_last_flag ) { inputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0000] [ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ] = inpYVal inputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0001] [ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ] = inpCbVal inputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0002] [ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ] = inpCrVal } else { inputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ]

[0000] = inpYValAtty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) inputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ]

[0001] = inpCbVal inputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ]

[0002] = inpCrVal } if( nnpfc_auxiliary_inp_idc = = 1 ) if( !nnpfc_component_last_flag ) inputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0003] [ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ] = strengthControlScaledVal[ i ] else inputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ]

[0003] = strengthControlScaledVal[ i ] } else if( nnpfc_inp_order_idc = = 3 ) for( yP = −nnpfc_overlap; yP < inpPatchHeight + nnpfc_overlap; yP++) for( xP = −nnpfc_overlap; xP < inpPatchWidth + nnpfc_overlap; xP++ ) { yTL = cTop + yP * 2 xTL = 2 yBR =xBR = xTL + 1 yC = cTop / 2 + yP xC = cLeft / 2 + xP inpTLVal = InpY( InpSampleVal( yTL, xTL, CroppedHeight, CroppedWidth, CroppedYPic[ i ], 0 ) ) inpTRVal = InpY( InpSampleVal( yTL, xBR, CroppedHeight, CroppedWidth, CroppedYPic[ i ], 0 ) ) inpBLVal = InpY( InpSampleVal( yBR, xTL, CroppedHeight, CroppedWidth, CroppedYPic[ i ], 0 ) ) inpBRVal = InpY( InpSampleVal( yBR, xBR, CroppedHeight, CroppedWidth, CroppedYPic[ i ], 0 ) ) inpCbVal = InpC( InpSampleVal( yC, xC, CroppedHeight / 2, CroppedWidth / 2, CroppedCbPic[ i ], 1 ) ) inpCrVal = InpC( InpSampleVal( yC, xC, CroppedHeight / 2, CroppedWidth / 2, CroppedCrPic[ i ], 2 ) ) yPovlp = yP + nnpfc_overlap xPovlp = xP + nnpfc_overlap if( !nnpfc_component_last_flag ) { inputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0000] [ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ] = inpTLVal inputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0001] [ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ] = inpTRVal inputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0002] [ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ] = inpBLVal inputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0003] [ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ] = inpBRValAtty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) inputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0004] [ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ] = inpCbVal inputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0005] [ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ] = inpCrVal } else { inputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ]

[0000] = inpTLVal inputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ]

[0001] = inpTRVal inputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ]

[0002] = inpBLVal inputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ]

[0003] = inpBRVal inputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ]

[0004] = inpCbVal inputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ]

[0005] = inpCrVal } if( nnpfc_auxiliary_inp_idc = = 1 ) if( !nnpfc_component_last_flag ) inputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0006] [ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ] = strengthControlScaledVal[ i ] else inputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yPovlp ][ xPovlp ]

[0006] = strengthControlScaledVal[ i ] } }

[0169] The process StoreOutputTensors( ), for deriving sample values in the sample arrays FilteredYPic, FilteredCbPic, and FilteredCrPic, for the NNPF-generated pictures, from the output tensor outputTensor for a given vertical sample coordinate cTop and a horizontal sample coordinate cLeft specifying the top-left sample location for the patch of samples included in the input tensor, is specified as follows: for( i = 0; i < numPicsInOutputTensor; i++ ) { if( nnpfc_out_order_idc = = 0 ) for( yP = 0; yP < outPatchHeight; yP++) for( xP = 0; xP < outPatchWidth; xP++ ) { yY = cTop * outPatchHeight / inpPatchHeight + yP xY = cLeft * outPatchWidth / inpPatchWidth + xP if ( yY < nnpfcOutputPicHeight && xY < nnpfcOutputPicWidth ) if( !nnpfc_component_last_flag ) FilteredYPic[ i ][ xY ][yY ] = outputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0000] [ yP ][ xP ] else FilteredYPic[ i ][ xY ][ yY ] = outputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yP ][ xP ]

[0000] } else if( nnpfc_out_order_idc = = 1 ) (97) for( yP = 0; yP < outPatchCHeight; yP++) for( xP = 0; xP < outPatchCWidth; xP++ ) { xSrc = cLeft * horCScaling + xPAtty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) ySrc = cTop * verCScaling + yP if ( ySrc < nnpfcOutputPicHeight / outSubHeightC && xSrc < nnpfcOutputPicWidth / outSubWidthC ) if( !nnpfc_component_last_flag ) { FilteredCbPic[ i ][ xSrc ][ ySrc ] = outputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0000] [ yP ][ xP ] FilteredCrPic[ i ][ xSrc ][ ySrc ] = outputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0001] [ yP ][ xP ] } else { FilteredCbPic[ i ][ xSrc ][ ySrc ] = outputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yP ][ xP ]

[0000] FilteredCrPic[ i ][ xSrc ][ ySrc ] = outputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yP ][ xP ]

[0001] } } else if( nnpfc_out_order_idc = = 2 ) for( yP = 0; yP < outPatchHeight; yP++) for( xP = 0; xP < outPatchWidth; xP++ ) { yY = cTop * outPatchHeight / inpPatchHeight + yP xY = cLeft * outPatchWidth / inpPatchWidth + xP yC = yY / outSubHeightC xC = xY / outSubWidthC yPc = ( yP / outSubHeightC ) * outSubHeightC xPc = ( xP / outSubWidthC ) * outSubWidthC if ( yY < nnpfcOutputPicHeight && xY < nnpfcOutputPicWidth ) if( !nnpfc_component_last_flag ) { FilteredYPic[ i ][ xY ][ yY ] = outputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0000] [ yP ][ xP ] FilteredCbPic[ i ][ xC ][ yC ] = outputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0001] [ yPc ][ xPc ] FilteredCrPic[ i ][ xC ][ yC ] = outputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0002] [ yPc ][ xPc ] } else { FilteredYPic[ i ][ xY ][ yY ] = outputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yP ][ xP ]

[0000] FilteredCbPic[ i ][ xC ][ yC ] = outputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yPc ][ xPc ]

[0001] FilteredCrPic[ i ][ xC ][ yC ] = outputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yPc ][ xPc ]

[0002] } } else if( nnpfc_out_order_idc = = 3 ) for( yP = 0; yP < outPatchHeight; yP++ ) for( xP = 0; xP < outPatchWidth; xP++ ) { ySrc = cTop / 2 * outPatchHeight / inpPatchHeight + yP xSrc = cLeft / 2 * outPatchWidth / inpPatchWidth + xP if ( ySrc < nnpfcOutputPicHeight / 2 &&Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) xSrc < nnpfcOutputPicWidth / 2 ) if( !nnpfc_component_last_flag ) { FilteredYPic[ i ][ xSrc * 2 ][ ySrc * 2 ] = outputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0000] [ yP ][ xP ] FilteredYPic

[0002] = outputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0001] [ yP ][ xP ] FilteredYPic

[0001] = outputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0002] [ yP ][ xP ] FilteredYPic[ 2 + 1 ] = outputTensor

[0000] [ i ]

[0003] [ yP ][ xP ]

[0000] [ i ]

[0004] [ yP ][ xP ] FilteredCrPic

[0000] [ i ]

[0005] [ yP ][ xP ] } else { FilteredYPic[ i ][ xSrc * 2 ][ ySrc * 2 ] = outputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yP ][ xP ]

[0000] FilteredYPic[ i ][ xSrc * 2 + 1 ][ * 2 ] = outputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yP ][ xP ]

[0001] 1 ] = outputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yP ][ xP ]

[0002] 2 + 1 ] = outputTensor

[0000] [ i ][ yP ][ xP ]

[0003]

[0000] [ i ][ yP ][ xP ]

[0004] =

[0000] [ i ][ yP ][ xP ]

[0005] } } }

[0170] An NNPF PostProcessingFilter( ) is the target NNPF as derived in the semantics of the NNPFA SEI message. The following example process may be used, with the NNPF PostProcessingFilter( ), to generate, in a patch- wise manner, the filtered and / or interpolated picture(s), which contain Y, Cb, and Cr sample arrays FilteredYPic, FilteredCbPic, and FilteredCrPic, respectively, as indicated by nnpfc_out_order_idc: if( nnpfc_inp_order_idc = = 0 | | nnpfc_inp_order_idc = = 2 ) for( cTop = 0; cTop < CroppedHeight; cTop += inpPatchHeight ) for( cLeft = 0; cLeft < CroppedWidth; cLeft += inpPatchWidth ) { inputTensor = DeriveInputTensors( ) outputTensor = PostProcessingFilter( inputTensor ) StoreOutputTensors( outputTensor ) } else if( nnpfc_inp_order_idc = = 1 ) for( cTop = 0; cTop < CroppedHeight / SubHeightC; cTop += inpPatchHeight ) for( cLeft = 0; cLeft < CroppedWidth / SubWidthC; cLeft += inpPatchWidth ) { (98) inputTensor = DeriveInputTensors( ) outputTensor = PostProcessingFilter( inputTensor ) StoreOutputTensors( outputTensor ) } else if( nnpfc_inp_order_idc = = 3 )Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) for( cTop = 0; cTop < CroppedHeight; cTop += inpPatchHeight * 2 ) for( cLeft = 0; cLeft < CroppedWidth; cLeft += inpPatchWidth * 2 ) { inputTensor = DeriveInputTensors( ) outputTensor = PostProcessingFilter( inputTensor ) StoreOutputTensors( outputTensor ) }

[0171] An NNPF-generated picture with index i contains sample arrays FilteredYPic[ i ], FilteredCbPic[ i ], and FilteredCrPic[ i ], when present, that are derived by Equation 98. An NNPF-generated picture does not include the overlap regions.

[0172] The NNPF process consists of the process defined by Equation 98 followed by outputting NNPF-generated pictures in their increasing index order, where all NNPF-generated pictures that were interpolated by the NNPF are output and those NNPF-generated pictures that correspond to any input pictures to the NNPF are output as specified in the semantics of the NNPFA SEI message.

[0173] nnpfc_complexity_info_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that one or more syntax elements that indicate the complexity of the NNPF associated with the nnpfc_id are present. nnpfc_complexity_info_present_flag equal to 0 specifies that no syntax elements that indicates the complexity of the NNPF associated with the nnpfc_id are present.

[0174] nnpfc_parameter_type_idc equal to 0 indicates that the neural network uses only integer parameters. nnpfc_parameter_type_idc equal to 1 indicates that the neural network may use floating point or integer parameters. nnpfc_parameter_type_idc equal to 2 indicates that the neural network uses only binary parameters. nnpfc_parameter_type_idc equal to 3 is reserved for future use by ITU-T | ISO / IEC and shall not be present in bitstreams conforming to this version of this Specification. Decoders conforming to this version of this Specification shall ignore NNPFC SEI messages with nnpfc_parameter_type_idc equal to 3.

[0175] nnpfc_log2_parameter_bit_length_minus3 equal to 0, 1, 2, and 3 indicates that the neural network does not use parameters of bit length greater than 8, 16, 32, and 64, respectively. When nnpfc_parameter_type_idc is present and nnpfc_log2_parameter_bit_length_minus3 is not present, the neural network does not use parameters of bit length greater than 1.

[0176] nnpfc_num_parameters_idc indicates the maximum number of neural network parameters for the NNPF in units of a power of 2048. nnpfc_num_parameters_idc equal to 0 indicates that the maximum number of neural network parameters is unknown. The value nnpfc_num_parameters_idc shall be in the range of 0 to 52, inclusive. Values of nnpfc_num_parameters_idc greater than 52 are reserved for future use by ITU-T | ISO / IEC and shall not be present in bitstreams conforming to this version of this Specification. Decoders conforming to this version of this Specification shall ignore NNPFC SEI messages with nnpfc_num_parameters_idc greater than 52.

[0177] If the value of nnpfc_num_parameters_idc is greater than zero, the variable maxNumParameters is derived as follows: maxNumParameters = ( 2048 << nnpfc_num_parameters_idc ) − 1 (99)Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W)

[0178] It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that the number of neural network parameters of the NNPF shall be less than or equal to maxNumParameters.

[0179] nnpfc_num_kmac_operations_idc greater than 0 indicates that the maximum number of multiply- accumulate operations per sample of the NNPF is less than or equal to nnpfc_num_kmac_operations_idc * 1000. nnpfc_num_kmac_operations_idc equal to 0 indicates that the maximum number of multiply-accumulate operations of the network is unknown. The value of nnpfc_num_kmac_operations_idc shall be in the range of 0 to 232 − 2, inclusive.

[0180] nnpfc_total_kilobyte_size greater than 0 indicates a total size in kilobytes required to store the uncompressed parameters for the neural network. The total size in bits is a number equal to or greater than the sum of bits used to store each parameter. nnpfc_total_kilobyte_size is the total size in bits divided by 8000, rounded up. nnpfc_total_kilobyte_size equal to 0 indicates that the total size required to store the parameters for the neural network is unknown. The value of nnpfc_total_kilobyte_size shall be in the range of 0 to 232 − 2, inclusive.

[0181] nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits equal to 0 specifies that nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension is not present. nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits greater than 0 specifies the length, in bits, of nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension.

[0182] The value of nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits shall be in the range of 0 to 2048, inclusive in this edition of this document when nnpfc_purpose is not equal to 0 and in the range of 1 to 2048 when nnpfc_prupose is equal to 0. Values in the range of 2049 to 4096 , inclusive, for nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits are reserved for future use by ITU-T | ISO / IEC and shall not be present in bitstreams conforming to this version of this Specification. Decoders conforming to this version of this Specification shall allow any value of nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits in the range of 0 to 4096, inclusive.

[0183] nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri_present_flag equal to 1 indicates that the nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri syntax element is present in this NNPFC SEI message. nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri_present_flag equal to 0 indicates that the nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri syntax element is not present in this NNPFC SEI message. When not present nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri_present_flag is inferred to be equal to 0.

[0184] nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri specifies a tag URI with syntax and semantics as specified in IETF RFC 4151 identifying the application determined purpose of the NNPF, when nnpfc_purpose is equal to 0.

[0185] NOTE 4 – nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri enables uniquely identifying the application determined purpose of NNPF without needing a central registration authority.

[0186] nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension shall not be present in bitstreams conforming to this version of this Specification. However, decoders conforming to this version of this Specification shall ignore the presence and value of nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension. When present, and when nnpfc_purpose is equal to 0 and nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri_present_flag is equal to 1 the length, in bits, of nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension is equal to nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits – Length of (nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri) – 1. When present and when nnpfc_purpose is equal to 0 and nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri_present_flag is equal to 0 the length, in bits, ofAtty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension is equal to nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits – 1 bits. When present and when nnpfc_purpose is not equal to 0 the length, in bits, of nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension is equal to nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits.

[0187] nnpfc_alignment_zero_bit_b shall be equal to 0.

[0188] nnpfc_payload_byte[ i ] contains the i-th byte of a bitstream conforming to ISO / IEC 15938-17. The byte sequence nnpfc_payload_byte[ i ] for all present values of i shall be a complete bitstream that conforms to ISO / IEC 15938-17. 3.4. Spatial extrapolation and spatial extraction

[0189] An AI image expander, shown in the following figure, uses a neural network to expand spatial content outside of the original image.

[0190] FIG.2 illustrates an example of an AI expander. The shaded area denotes the original image, an AI image expander may expand the image horizontally with newly generated content.

[0191] Such an AI image expander may or may not change the spatial resolution of the image. The whole process can also involve general visual quality improvement, chroma upsampling, resolution resampling, picture rate upsampling, bit depth upsampling, colourization, temporal extrapolation and their combinations.

[0192] Spatial extraction is the inverse of spatial extrapolation, wherein one or more areas of an image is extracted and thrown away. 4. Technical problems solved by disclosed technical solutions

[0193] An example design for the neural-network post-filter characteristics (NNPFC) SEI message has the following problems:

[0194] First, the design does not support spatial extrapolation and / or spatial extraction (i.e., inverse of spatial extrapolation).

[0195] Second, when using NNPFC to support spatial extrapolation and / or spatial extraction, the resolution may need to be indicated.

[0196] Third, when using NNPFC to support spatial extrapolation and / or spatial extraction, the preferred display method may change and therefore the changed preferred display method may need to be indicated.

[0197] Fourth, when using NNPFC to support spatial extrapolation and / or spatial extraction, it would be desirable to indicate the newly generated spatial areas and / or the areas that are extracted away.

[0198] Fifth, the semantics of nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits is incorrect as all bits of the syntax elements between nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits and nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension also need to be taken into consideration.

[0199] Sixth, the value nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits is allowed to be greater than 2048; this is not backwards compatible with the third edition of the H.274 / VSEI standard.

[0200] Seventh, in the NNPFC SEI message syntax, a closing curly bracket, '}' is missing immediately after the syntax element nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension.Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) 5. A listing of solutions and embodiments

[0201] To solve the above-described problems, methods as summarized below are disclosed. The aspects should be considered as examples to explain the general concepts and should not be interpreted in a narrow way. Furthermore, these examples can be applied individually or combined in any manner. 1) To solve problem 1, a new NNPF purpose may be defined to support spatial extrapolation. a. In one example, a new bit of nnpfc_purpose may be used to indicate spatial extrapolation. i. In one example, the bit may correspond to the bitMask value 0x80. b. In one example, the purpose of spatial extrapolation may be combined with other NNPF purposes and / or their combinations. 2) To solve problem 1, a new NNPF purpose may be defined to support spatial extraction (i.e., inverse of spatial extrapolation). a. In one example, a new bit of nnpfc_purpose may be used to indicate spatial extraction. i. In one example, the bit may correspond to the bitMask value 0x0100. b. In one example, the purpose of spatial extraction may be combined with other NNPF purposes and / or their combinations. 3) To solve problem 1, a new NNPF purpose may be defined to support spatial extrapolation and / or spatial extraction (i.e., inverse of spatial extrapolation). a. In one example, a new bit of nnpfc_purpose may be used to indicate spatial extrapolation and / or spatial extraction. i. In one example, the bit may correspond to the bitMask value 0x80. b. In one example, the purpose of spatial extrapolation and / or spatial extraction may be combined with other NNPF purposes and / or their combinations. 4) To solve problem 2, when the NNPF purpose includes spatial extrapolation or spatial extraction, the output resolution should be indicated. a. In one example, when the NNPF purpose includes spatial extrapolation or spatial extraction, the output width and height are always indicated in the bitstream. b. In one example, the indicated output resolution can be the same as the input. i. In one example, furthermore, when the NNPF purpose includes spatial extrapolation or spatial extraction and the output resolution is the same as the input, it is required that the value of the variable ResolutionResamplingFlag shall be equal to 1. 5) To solve problem 3, one or more syntax elements may be signalled to indicate the preferred display type of the output. a. In one example, the preferred scan type may be indicated. b. In one example, whether and how the newly generated areas should be displayed are indicated. i. In one example, an index may be signalled to indicate to what extend the newly generated areas should be displayed.Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) c. In one example, when the NNPF includes spatial extrapolation or spatial extraction or resolution resampling, the preferred scan type may be indicated. i. In one example, the preferred scan type is indicated as a metadata extension. 6) To solve problem 4, one or more syntax elements may be signalled to indicate the newly generated spatial areas or the areas that were extracted away. a. In one example, the left, right, top and bottom offsets related to the output image and indicating the newly extrapolated areas or the areas that were extracted away (i.e., extracted and thrown away) may be indicated. i. In one example, the offsets are in units of luma samples. ii. Alternatively, in one example, the offsets are in units of chroma samples. 1. In one example, the offsets are in units of output chroma samples. iii. In one example, at least one of the left, right, top or bottom offsets shall be not equal to 0. iv. In one example, when there may be spatial extrapolation but not spatial extraction, the offsets are represented by ue(v)-coded syntax elements. v. In one example, when there may be spatial extraction but not spatial extrapolation, the offsets are represented by ue(v)-coded syntax elements. vi. In one example, when there may be either spatial extrapolation or spatial extraction but not both, the offsets are represented by ue(v)-coded syntax elements. vii. In one example, when there may be either or both of spatial extrapolation and spatial extraction, the offsets are represented by se(v)-coded syntax elements. viii. In one example, the left, right, top and bottom offsets shall be all greater than or equal to 0, or shall be all less than or equal to 0. ix. In one example, when one of the left, right, top or bottom offsets is less than 0, all of the left, right, top and bottom offsets shall not be greater than 0. 1. Alternatively, when one of the left or right offsets is less than 0, all of the left, and right offsets shall not be greater than 0. 2. Alternatively, when one of the top or bottom offsets is less than 0, all of the top, and bottom offsets shall not be greater than 0. x. In one example, when one of the left, right, top or bottom offsets is greater than 0, all of the left, right, top and bottom offsets shall not be less than 0. 1. Alternatively, when one of the left or right offsets is greater than 0, all of the left, and right offsets shall not be less than 0. 2. Alternatively, when one of the top or bottom offsets is greater than 0, all of the top, and bottom offsets shall not be less than 0. 7) To solve problem 5, in one example, it is specified that, when nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits is greater than 0, let the variable numSpecifiedMetadataExtensionBits be the number of bits representing all syntax elements between nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits and nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension.Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) a. In one example, furthermore, it is specified that nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits greater than 0 specifies the sum of numSpecifiedMetadataExtensionBits and the length, in bits, of nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension. 8) To solve problem 6, in one example, in addition to items 7 and 7.a, furthermore, the following is specified: The value of nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits shall be in the range of numSpecifiedMetadataExtensionBits to 2048, inclusive. Values in the range of numSpecifiedMetadataExtensionBits + 1 to 2048, inclusive, for nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits are reserved for future use by ITU-T | ISO / IEC and shall not be present in bitstreams conforming to this version of this Specification. Decoders conforming to this version of this Specification shall allow any value of nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits in the range of numSpecifiedMetadataExtensionBits + 1 to 2048, inclusive. 9) To solve problem 7, in the NNPFC SEI message syntax, a closing curly bracket, '}', is added immediately after the syntax element nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension. 6. Embodiments

[0202] Below are some example embodiments for the aspects summarized in section 5. Most relevant parts that have been added or modified are shown in bold font, and some of the deleted parts are shown in italicized bold fonts. There may be some other changes that are editorial in nature and thus not highlighted. 6.1 Embodiment 1

[0203] This embodiment covers the aspects for items 1, 1.a., 1.a.i, 1.b, 4, 4.a, 4.b, 4.b.i, 5, 5.a, 6, 6.a, 6.a.ii, 6.a.ii.1, 6.a.iii, 6.a.iv, 7, 7.a, 8, and 9, as summarized above in Section 5. The text changes are based on JVET-AG2034[5]. 8.28.2.1 Neural-network post-filter characteristics SEI message syntax nn_post_filter_characteristics( payloadSize ) { DescriptorAtty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) } if( SpatialExtrapolationFlag ) { 8.2 ...

[0204] nnpfc_purpose indicates the purpose of the NNPF as specified in Table 20, where ( nnpfc_purpose & bitMask ) not equal to 0 indicates that the NNPF has the purpose associated with the bitMask value in Table 20. When nnpfc_purpose is greater than 0 and ( nnpfc_purpose & bitMask ) is equal to 0, the purpose associated with the bitMask value is not applicable to the NNPF. When nnpfc_pupose is equal to 0, the NNPF may be used as determined by the application and as specified by the nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri.

[0205] All NNPFC SEI messages with a particular value of nnpfc_id within a CLVS shall have the same value of nnpfc_purpose.

[0206] The value of nnpfc_purpose shall be in the range of 0 to 127255, inclusive, in bitstreams conforming to this version of this Specification. Values of 128256 to 65535, inclusive, for nnpfc_purpose are reserved for future use by ITU-T | ISO / IEC and shall not be present in bitstreams conforming to this version of this Specification. Decoders conforming to this version of this Specification shall ignore NNPFC SEI messages with nnpfc_purpose in the range of 128256 to 65535, inclusive.Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) Table 20 – Definition of nnpfc_purpose bitMask Interpretation 0x01 General visual quality improvement or ut [0p p g g, p g g, p p gFlag, BitDepthUpsamplingFlag, ColourizationFlag, and TemporalExtrapolationFlag, specifying whether nnpfc_purpose indicates the purpose of the NNPF to include chroma upsampling, resolution resampling, picture rate upsampling, bit depth upsampling, colourization, and temporal extrapolation, respectively, are derived as follows: ChromaUpsamplingFlag = ( ( nnpfc_purpose & 0x02 ) > 0 ) ? 1 : 0 ResolutionResamplingFlag = ( ( nnpfc_purpose & 0x04 ) > 0 ) ? 1 : 0 PictureRateUpsamplingFlag = ( ( nnpfc_purpose & 0x08 ) > 0 ) ? 1 : 0 (75) BitDepthUpsamplingFlag = ( ( nnpfc_purpose & 0x10 ) > 0 ) ? 1 : 0 ColourizationFlag = ( ( nnpfc_purpose & 0x20 ) > 0 ) ? 1 : 0 TemporalExtrapolationFlag = ( ( nnpfc_purpose & 0x40 ) > 0 ) ? 1 : 0 SpatialExtrapolationFlag = ( ( nnpfc_purpose & 0x80 ) > 0 ) ? 1 : 0

[0208] NOTE 2– When a reserved value of nnpfc_purpose is taken into use in the future by ITU-T | ISO / IEC, the syntax of this SEI message could be extended with syntax elements whose presence is conditioned by nnpfc_purpose being equal to that value or any one of a set of values including that value.

[0209] When ChromaFormatIdc is equal to 3, ChromaUpsamplingFlag shall be equal to 0.

[0210] When ChromaUpsamplingFlag is equal to 1, ColourizationFlag shall be equal to 0.

[0211] When PictureRateUpsamplingFlag or TemporalExtrapolationFlag is equal to 1 and the input picture with index 0 is associated with a frame packing arrangement SEI message with fp_arrangement_type equal to 5, all input pictures are associated with a frame packing arrangement SEI message with fp_arrangement_type equal to 5 and the same value of fp_current_frame_is_frame0_flag.

[0212] When TemporalExtrapolationFlag is equal to 1, the extrapolated pictures generated by the NNPF follow all input pictures of the NNPF in output order. When TemporalExtrapolationFlag is equal to 1 and there is a decodedAtty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) output picture that follows, in output order, the current picture for which the NNPF is activated, the extrapolated pictures generated by the NNPF precede that decoded output picture in output order.

[0213] ...

[0214] nnpfc_pic_width_num_minus1 plus 1 and nnpfc_pic_width_denom_minus1 plus 1 specify the numerator and denominator, respectively, for the resampling ratio of the width of the NNPF-generated pictures relative to CroppedWidth. Both nnpfc_pic_width_num_minus1 and nnpfc_pic_width_denom_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to 65535, inclusive.

[0215] The value of ( nnpfc_pic_width_num_minus1 + 1 ) ÷ ( nnpfc_pic_width_denom_minus1 + 1 ) shall be in the range of 1 ÷ 16 to 16, inclusive. When nnpfc_pic_width_num_minus1 and nnpfc_pic_width_denom_minus1 are not present, the values of nnpfc_pic_width_num_minus1 and nnpfc_pic_width_denom_minus1 are both inferred to be equal to 0.

[0216] The variable nnpfcOutputPicWidth, representing the width of the luma sample arrays of the NNPF- generated pictures, is derived as follows: nnpfcOutputPicWidth = Ceil( CroppedWidth * (77) ( nnpfc_pic_width_num_minus1 + 1 ) ÷ ( nnpfc_pic_width_denom_minus1 + 1 ) )

[0217] When SpatialExtrapolation is equal to 1, nnpfcOutputPicWidth is updated as follows: nnpfcOutputPicWidth += outSubWidthC * ( nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_left_offset + nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_right_offset )

[0218] It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that the value of nnpfcOutputPicWidth % outSubWidthC shall be equal to 0.

[0219] nnpfc_pic_height_num_minus1 plus 1 and nnpfc_pic_height_denom_minus1 plus 1 specify the numerator and denominator, respectively, for the resampling ratio of the height of the NNPF-generated pictures relative to CroppedHeight. Both nnpfc_pic_height_num_minus1 and nnpfc_pic_height_denom_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to 65535, inclusive.

[0220] The value of ( nnpfc_pic_height_num_minus1 + 1 ) ÷ ( nnpfc_pic_height_denom_minus1 + 1 ) shall be in the range of 1 ÷ 16 to 16, inclusive. When nnpfc_pic_height_num_minus1 and nnpfc_pic_height_denom_minus1 are not present, the values of nnpfc_pic_height_num_minus1 and nnpfc_pic_height_denom_minus1 are both inferred to be equal to 0.

[0221] The variable nnpfcOutputPicHeight, representing the height of the luma sample arrays of the NNPF- generated pictures, is derived as follows: nnpfcOutputPicHeight = Ceil( CroppedHeight *(78) ( nnpfc_pic_height_num_minus1 + 1 ) ÷ ( nnpfc_pic_height_denom_minus1 + 1 ) ) When SpatialExtrapolation is equal to 1, nnpfcOutputPicHeight is updated as follows: nnpfcOutputPicHeight += outSubWidthC * ( nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_top_offset + nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_bottom_offset )Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W)

[0222] It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that the value of nnpfcOutputPicHeight % outSubHeightC shall be equal to 0.

[0223] When ResolutionResamplingFlag is equal to 1, at least one the following conditions shall be true: – The value of nnpfcOutputPicWidth is not equal to CroppedWidth. – The value of nnpfcOutputPicHeight is not equal to CroppedHeight. – SpatialExtrapolationFlag is equal to 1.

[0224] When the value of nnpfcOutputPicWidth is equal to CroppedWidth, the value of nnpfcOutputPicHeight is equal to CroppedHeight and SpatialExtrapolationFlag is equal to 1, ResolutionResamplingFlag shall be equal to 1. ...

[0225] nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits equal to 0 specifies that nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension is not present. When nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits is greater than 0, let the variable numSpecifiedMetadataExtensionBits be the number of bits representing all syntax elements between nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits and nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension. nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits greater than 0 specifies the sum of numSpecifiedMetadataExtensionBits and the length, in bits, of nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension.

[0226] The value of nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits shall be in the range of numSpecifiedMetadataExtensionBits 0 to 2048, inclusive in this edition of this document when nnpfc_purpose is not equal to 0 and in the range of 1 to 2048 when nnpfc_prupose is equal to 0. Values in the range of numSpecifiedMetadataExtensionBits + 1 to 20482049 to 4096, inclusive, for nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits are reserved for future use by ITU-T | ISO / IEC and shall not be present in bitstreams conforming to this version of this Specification. Decoders conforming to this version of this Specification shall allow any value of nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits in the range of numSpecifiedMetadataExtensionBits + 1 to 20480 to 4096, inclusive.

[0227] nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri_present_flag equal to 1 indicates that the nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri syntax element is present in this NNPFC SEI message. nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri_present_flag equal to 0 indicates that the nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri syntax element is not present in this NNPFC SEI message. When not present nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri_present_flag is inferred to be equal to 0.

[0228] nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri specifies a tag URI with syntax and semantics as specified in IETF RFC 4151 identifying the application determined purpose of the NNPF, when nnpfc_purpose is equal to 0.

[0229] NOTE 4 – nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri enables uniquely identifying the application determined purpose of NNPF without needing a central registration authority.

[0230] nnpfc_scan_type_idc equal to 0 indicates that the preferred display method for the pictures output by the NNPF is unknown or unspecified or specified by external means. nnpfc_scan_type_idc equal to 1 indicates that the pictures output by the NNPF are suitable for display using overscan. nnpfc_scan_type_idc equal to 2Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) indicates that the pictures output by the NNPF contain visually important information in the entire region out to the edges of the picture, such that the pictures output by the NNPF should not be displayed using overscan. Instead, they should be displayed using either an exact match between the display area and the edges, or using underscan. As used in this paragraph, the term "overscan" refers to display processes in which some parts near the borders of the pictures are not visible in the display area. The term "underscan" describes display processes in which the entire pictures are visible in the display area, but they do not cover the entire display area. For display processes that neither use overscan nor underscan, the display area exactly matches the area of the pictures. The value of nnpfc_scan_type_idc shall not be equal to 2. When not present, the value of nnpfc_scan_type_idc is inferred to be equal to 0.

[0231] nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_left_offset, nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_right_offset, nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_top_offset, and nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_bottom_offset specify the spatial extrapolation area. The luma samples with horizontal picture coordinates from outSubWidthC * nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_left_offset to nnpfcOutputPicWidth − ( outSubWidthC * nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_right_offset ) and vertical picture coordinates from outSubWidthC * nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_top_offset to nnpfcOutputPicWidth − ( outSubWidthC * nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_bottom_offset ) correspond to the spatial area of the input picture. The value of nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_left_offset, nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_right_offset, nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_top_offset and nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_bottom_offset shall be in the range of 0 to 65536, inclusive. At least one of nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_left_offset, nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_right_offset, nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_top_offset and nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_bottom_offset shall be greater than 0.

[0232] nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension shall not be present in bitstreams conforming to this version of this Specification. However, decoders conforming to this version of this Specification shall ignore the presence and value of nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension. When present, and when nnpfc_purpose is equal to 0 and nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri_present_flag is equal to 1 the length, in bits, of nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension is equal to nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits – Length of (nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri) – 1. When present and when nnpfc_purpose is equal to 0 and nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri_present_flag is equal to 0 the length, in bits, of nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension is equal to nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits – 1 bits. When present, and when nnpfc_purpose is not equal to 0 the length, in bits, of nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension is equal to nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits − numSpecifiedMetadataExtensionBits.

[0233] nnpfc_alignment_zero_bit_b shall be equal to 0.

[0234] nnpfc_payload_byte[ i ] contains the i-th byte of a bitstream conforming to ISO / IEC 15938-17. The byte sequence nnpfc_payload_byte[ i ] for all present values of i shall be a complete bitstream that conforms to ISO / IEC 15938-17.Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) 6.2 Embodiment 2

[0235] This embodiment covers the aspects for items 3, 3.a, 3.a.i, 3.b, 5, 4, 4.b, 5, 5.a, 5.c, 5.c.i, 6, 6.a, 6.a.vii, 6.a.viii, as summarized above in Section 5. The text changes are based on JVET-AH2006[6]. 8.28.2.1 Neural-network post-filter characteristics SEI message syntax nn_post_filter_characteristics( payloadSize ) { Descriptor ... 8.2...

[0236] nnpfc_purpose indicates the purpose of the NNPF as specified in Table 20, where ( nnpfc_purpose & bitMask ) not equal to 0 indicates that the NNPF has the purpose associated with the bitMask value in Table 20. When nnpfc_purpose is greater than 0 and ( nnpfc_purpose & bitMask ) is equal to 0, the purpose associated with the bitMask value is not applicable to the NNPF. When nnpfc_pupose is equal to 0, the NNPF may be used as determined by the application and as specified by the nnpfc_application_purpose_tag_uri.

[0237] All NNPFC SEI messages with a particular value of nnpfc_id within a CLVS shall have the same value of nnpfc_purpose.

[0238] The value of nnpfc_purpose shall be in the range of 0 to 255, inclusive, in bitstreams conforming to this version of this Specification. Values of 256 to 65535, inclusive, for nnpfc_purpose are reserved for future use by ITU-Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) T | ISO / IEC and shall not be present in bitstreams conforming to this version of this Specification. Decoders conforming to this version of this Specification shall ignore NNPFC SEI messages with nnpfc_purpose in the range of 256 to 65535, inclusive. Table 20 – Definition of nnpfc_purpose bitMask Interpretation 0x01 General visual quality improvement or s) [0e a a es o a psa p g ag, esou o esa p g ag, cu e a e psa p gFlag, BitDepthUpsamplingFlag, ColourizationFlag, and TemporalExtrapolationFlag, specifying whether nnpfc_purpose indicates the purpose of the NNPF to include chroma upsampling, resolution resampling, picture rate upsampling, bit depth upsampling, colourization, and temporal extrapolation, respectively, are derived as follows: ChromaUpsamplingFlag = ( ( nnpfc_purpose & 0x02 ) > 0 ) ? 1 : 0 ResolutionResamplingFlag = ( ( nnpfc_purpose & 0x04 ) > 0 ) ? 1 : 0 PictureRateUpsamplingFlag = ( ( nnpfc_purpose & 0x08 ) > 0 ) ? 1 : 0 (75) BitDepthUpsamplingFlag = ( ( nnpfc_purpose & 0x10 ) > 0 ) ? 1 : 0 ColourizationFlag = ( ( nnpfc_purpose & 0x20 ) > 0 ) ? 1 : 0 TemporalExtrapolationFlag = ( ( nnpfc_purpose & 0x40 ) > 0 ) ? 1 : 0 SpatialExtrapolationFlag = ( ( nnpfc_purpose & 0x80 ) > 0 ) ? 1 : 0 ...

[0240] nnpfc_pic_width_num_minus1 plus 1 and nnpfc_pic_width_denom_minus1 plus 1 specify the numerator and denominator, respectively, for the resampling ratio of the width of the NNPF-generated pictures relative to CroppedWidth. Both nnpfc_pic_width_num_minus1 and nnpfc_pic_width_denom_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to 65535, inclusive.

[0241] The value of ( nnpfc_pic_width_num_minus1 + 1 ) ÷ ( nnpfc_pic_width_denom_minus1 + 1 ) shall be in the range of 1 ÷ 16 to 16, inclusive. When nnpfc_pic_width_num_minus1 and nnpfc_pic_width_denom_minus1 are not present, the values of nnpfc_pic_width_num_minus1 and nnpfc_pic_width_denom_minus1 are both inferred to be equal to 0.Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W)

[0242] The variable nnpfcOutputPicWidth, representing the width of the luma sample arrays of the NNPF- generated pictures, is derived as follows: nnpfcOutputPicWidth = Ceil( CroppedWidth * ( nnpfc_pic_width_num_minus1 + 1 ) ÷ ( nnpfc_pic_width_denom_minus1 + 1 ) ) When SpatialExtrapolationFlag is equal to 1, nnpfcOutputPicWidth is updated as follows: nnpfcOutputPicWidth += outSubWidthC * ( nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_left_offset + (77) nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_right_offset )

[0243] It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that the value of nnpfcOutputPicWidth shall be greater than 0 and nnpfcOutputPicWidth % outSubWidthC shall be equal to 0.

[0244] nnpfc_pic_height_num_minus1 plus 1 and nnpfc_pic_height_denom_minus1 plus 1 specify the numerator and denominator, respectively, for the resampling ratio of the height of the NNPF-generated pictures relative to CroppedHeight. Both nnpfc_pic_height_num_minus1 and nnpfc_pic_height_denom_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to 65535, inclusive.

[0245] The value of ( nnpfc_pic_height_num_minus1 + 1 ) ÷ ( nnpfc_pic_height_denom_minus1 + 1 ) shall be in the range of 1 ÷ 16 to 16, inclusive. When nnpfc_pic_height_num_minus1 and nnpfc_pic_height_denom_minus1 are not present, the values of nnpfc_pic_height_num_minus1 and nnpfc_pic_height_denom_minus1 are both inferred to be equal to 0.

[0246] The variable nnpfcOutputPicHeight, representing the height of the luma sample arrays of the NNPF- generated pictures, is derived as follows: nnpfcOutputPicHeight = Ceil( CroppedHeight * ( nnpfc_pic_height_num_minus1 + 1 ) ÷ ( nnpfc_pic_height_denom_minus1 + 1 ) ) When SpatialExtrapolationFlag is equal to 1, nnpfcOutputPicHeight is updated as follows: nnpfcOutputPicHeight += outSubWidthC * ( nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_top_offset + nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_bottom_offset ) (78)

[0247] It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that the value of nnpfcOutputPicHeight shall be greater than 0 and nnpfcOutputPicHeight % outSubHeightC shall be equal to 0.

[0248] When ResolutionResamplingFlag is equal to 1, at least one the following conditions shall be true: – The value of nnpfcOutputPicWidth is not equal to CroppedWidth. – The value of nnpfcOutputPicHeight is not equal to CroppedHeight. – SpatialExtrapolationFlag is equal to 1. ...

[0249] nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_left_offset, nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_right_offset, nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_top_offset, and nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_bottom_offset specify the spatial extrapolation or spatial extraction area. The luma samples with horizontal picture coordinates from outSubWidthC * nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_left_offset to nnpfcOutputPicWidth − ( outSubWidthC * nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_right_offset ) and vertical picture coordinates from outSubWidthHeightC *Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_top_offset to nnpfcOutputPicWidthHeight − ( outSubWidthHeightC * nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_bottom_offset ) correspond to the spatial area of the input picture. The value of nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_left_offset, nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_right_offset, nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_top_offset and nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_bottom_offset shall be in the range of 0 −65536 to 65536, inclusive. At least one of nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_left_offset, nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_right_offset, nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_top_offset and nnpfc_spatial_extrapolation_bottom_offset shall be greater than not equal to 0.

[0250] One of the following conditions shall be true: – The values of nnpfc_spatial_extra_left_offset, nnpfc_spatial_extra_right_offset, nnpfc_spatial_extra_top_offset, and nnpfc_spatial_extra_bottom_offset are all less than or equal to 0. – The values of nnpfc_spatial_extra_left_offset, nnpfc_spatial_extra_right_offset, nnpfc_spatial_extra_top_offset, and nnpfc_spatial_extra_bottom_offset are all greater than or equal to 0. ... 7. References [1] ITU-T and ISO / IEC, “High efficiency video coding”, Rec. ITU-T H.265 | ISO / IEC 23008-2 (in force edition). [2] J. Chen, E. Alshina, G. J. Sullivan, J.-R. Ohm, J. Boyce, “Algorithm description of Joint Exploration Test Model 7 (JEM7),” JVET-G1001, Aug.2017. [3] Rec. ITU-T H.266 | ISO / IEC 23090-3, “Versatile Video Coding”, 2022. [4] Rec. ITU-T Rec. H.274 | ISO / IEC 23002-7, “Versatile Supplemental Enhancement Information Messages for Coded Video Bitstreams”, 2022. [5] S. McCarthy, J. Chen, S. Deshpande, M. M. Hannuksela, Hendry, G. J. Sullivan, and Y.-K. Wang (editors), “SEI messages for VSEI version 4 (Draft 1),” JVET output document JVET-ACG2034, publicly available online herein: https: / / jvet-experts.org / doc_end_user / documents / 33_Teleconference / wg11 / JVET-AG2034-v1.zip [6] J. Boyce, J. Chen, S. Deshpande, M. M. Hannuksela, Hendry, S. McCarthy, G. J. Sullivan, Y.-K. Wang, “Additional SEI messages for VSEI version 4 (Draft 2)” JVET output document JVET-AH2006, publicly available online herein: https: / / jvet-experts.org / doc_end_user / documents / 34_Rennes / wg11 / JVET-AH2006-v1.zip

[0251] FIG.3 is a block diagram showing an example video processing system 4000 in which various techniques disclosed herein may be implemented. Various implementations may include some or all of the components of the system 4000. The system 4000 may include input 4002 for receiving video content. The video content may be received in a raw or uncompressed format, e.g., 8 or 10 bit multi-component pixel values, or may be in a compressed or encoded format. The input 4002 may represent a network interface, a peripheral bus interface, or a storage interface. Examples of network interface include wired interfaces such as Ethernet, passive optical network (PON), etc. and wireless interfaces such as wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) or cellular interfaces.

[0252] The system 4000 may include a coding component 4004 that may implement the various coding or encoding methods described in the present document. The coding component 4004 may reduce the average bitrate of video from the input 4002 to the output of the coding component 4004 to produce a coded representation of the video.Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) The coding techniques are therefore sometimes called video compression or video transcoding techniques. The output of the coding component 4004 may be either stored, or transmitted via a communication connected, as represented by the component 4006. The stored or communicated bitstream (or coded) representation of the video received at the input 4002 may be used by a component 4008 for generating pixel values or displayable video that is sent to a display interface 4010. The process of generating user-viewable video from the bitstream representation is sometimes called video decompression. Furthermore, while certain video processing operations are referred to as “coding” operations or tools, it will be appreciated that the coding tools or operations are used at an encoder and corresponding decoding tools or operations that reverse the results of the coding will be performed by a decoder.

[0253] Examples of a peripheral bus interface or a display interface may include universal serial bus (USB) or high definition multimedia interface (HDMI) or Displayport, and so on. Examples of storage interfaces include SATA (serial advanced technology attachment), PCI, IDE interface, and the like. The techniques described in the present document may be embodied in various electronic devices such as mobile phones, laptops, smartphones or other devices that are capable of performing digital data processing and / or video display.

[0254] FIG.4 is a block diagram of an example video processing apparatus 4100. The apparatus 4100 may be used to implement one or more of the methods described herein. The apparatus 4100 may be embodied in a smartphone, tablet, computer, Internet of Things (IoT) receiver, and so on. The apparatus 4100 may include one or more processors 4102, one or more memories 4104 and video processing circuitry 4106. The processor(s) 4102 may be configured to implement one or more methods described in the present document. The memory (memories) 4104 may be used for storing data and code used for implementing the methods and techniques described herein. The video processing circuitry 4106 may be used to implement, in hardware circuitry, some techniques described in the present document. In some embodiments, the video processing circuitry 4106 may be at least partly included in the processor 4102, e.g., a graphics co-processor.

[0255] FIG. 5 is a flowchart for an example method 4200 of video processing. The method 4200 determines determining that a neural-network post-filter (NNPF) supplemental enhancement information (SEI) message includes an indication of newly generated spatial areas or extracted away areas at step 4202. A conversion is performed between a visual media data and a bitstream based on the determination at step 4204. The conversion may include encoding at an encoder, decoding at a decoder, or combinations thereof.

[0256] It should be noted that the method 4200 can be implemented in an apparatus for processing video data comprising a processor and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon, such as video encoder 4400, video decoder 4500, and / or encoder 4600. In such a case, the instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform the method 4200. Further, the method 4200 can be performed by a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising a computer program product for use by a video coding device. The computer program product comprises computer executable instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium such that when executed by a processor cause the video coding device to perform the method 4200.

[0257] FIG. 6 is a block diagram that illustrates an example video coding system 4300 that may utilize the techniques of this disclosure. The video coding system 4300 may include a source device 4310 and a destination deviceAtty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) 4320. Source device 4310 generates encoded video data which may be referred to as a video encoding device. Destination device 4320 may decode the encoded video data generated by source device 4310 which may be referred to as a video decoding device.

[0258] Source device 4310 may include a video source 4312, a video encoder 4314, and an input / output (I / O) interface 4316. Video source 4312 may include a source such as a video capture device, an interface to receive video data from a video content provider, and / or a computer graphics system for generating video data, or a combination of such sources. The video data may comprise one or more pictures. Video encoder 4314 encodes the video data from video source 4312 to generate a bitstream. The bitstream may include a sequence of bits that form a coded representation of the video data. The bitstream may include coded pictures and associated data. The coded picture is a coded representation of a picture. The associated data may include sequence parameter sets, picture parameter sets, and other syntax structures. I / O interface 4316 may include a modulator / demodulator (modem) and / or a transmitter. The encoded video data may be transmitted directly to destination device 4320 via I / O interface 4316 through network 4330. The encoded video data may also be stored onto a storage medium / server 4340 for access by destination device 4320.

[0259] Destination device 4320 may include an I / O interface 4326, a video decoder 4324, and a display device 4322. I / O interface 4326 may include a receiver and / or a modem. I / O interface 4326 may acquire encoded video data from the source device 4310 or the storage medium / server 4340. Video decoder 4324 may decode the encoded video data. Display device 4322 may display the decoded video data to a user. Display device 4322 may be integrated with the destination device 4320, or may be external to destination device 4320, which can be configured to interface with an external display device.

[0260] Video encoder 4314 and video decoder 4324 may operate according to a video compression standard, such as the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard, Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard and other current and / or further standards.

[0261] FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of video encoder 4400, which may be video encoder 4314 in the system 4300 illustrated in FIG. 6. Video encoder 4400 may be configured to perform any or all of the techniques of this disclosure. The video encoder 4400 includes a plurality of functional components. The techniques described in this disclosure may be shared among the various components of video encoder 4400. In some examples, a processor may be configured to perform any or all of the techniques described in this disclosure.

[0262] The functional components of video encoder 4400 may include a partition unit 4401, a prediction unit 4402 which may include a mode select unit 4403, a motion estimation unit 4404, a motion compensation unit 4405, an intra prediction unit 4406, a residual generation unit 4407, a transform processing unit 4408, a quantization unit 4409, an inverse quantization unit 4410, an inverse transform unit 4411, a reconstruction unit 4412, a buffer 4413, and an entropy encoding unit 4414.

[0263] In other examples, video encoder 4400 may include more, fewer, or different functional components. In an example, prediction unit 4402 may include an intra block copy (IBC) unit. The IBC unit may perform prediction in an IBC mode in which at least one reference picture is a picture where the current video block is located.Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W)

[0264] Furthermore, some components, such as motion estimation unit 4404 and motion compensation unit 4405 may be highly integrated, but are represented in the example of video encoder 4400 separately for purposes of explanation.

[0265] Partition unit 4401 may partition a picture into one or more video blocks. Video encoder 4400 and video decoder 4500 may support various video block sizes.

[0266] Mode select unit 4403 may select one of the coding modes, intra or inter, e.g., based on error results, and provide the resulting intra or inter coded block to a residual generation unit 4407 to generate residual block data and to a reconstruction unit 4412 to reconstruct the encoded block for use as a reference picture. In some examples, mode select unit 4403 may select a combination of intra and inter prediction (CIIP) mode in which the prediction is based on an inter prediction signal and an intra prediction signal. Mode select unit 4403 may also select a resolution for a motion vector (e.g., a sub-pixel or integer pixel precision) for the block in the case of inter prediction.

[0267] To perform inter prediction on a current video block, motion estimation unit 4404 may generate motion information for the current video block by comparing one or more reference frames from buffer 4413 to the current video block. Motion compensation unit 4405 may determine a predicted video block for the current video block based on the motion information and decoded samples of pictures from buffer 4413 other than the picture associated with the current video block.

[0268] Motion estimation unit 4404 and motion compensation unit 4405 may perform different operations for a current video block, for example, depending on whether the current video block is in an I slice, a P slice, or a B slice.

[0269] In some examples, motion estimation unit 4404 may perform uni-directional prediction for the current video block, and motion estimation unit 4404 may search reference pictures of list 0 or list 1 for a reference video block for the current video block. Motion estimation unit 4404 may then generate a reference index that indicates the reference picture in list 0 or list 1 that contains the reference video block and a motion vector that indicates a spatial displacement between the current video block and the reference video block. Motion estimation unit 4404 may output the reference index, a prediction direction indicator, and the motion vector as the motion information of the current video block. Motion compensation unit 4405 may generate the predicted video block of the current block based on the reference video block indicated by the motion information of the current video block.

[0270] In other examples, motion estimation unit 4404 may perform bi-directional prediction for the current video block, motion estimation unit 4404 may search the reference pictures in list 0 for a reference video block for the current video block and may also search the reference pictures in list 1 for another reference video block for the current video block. Motion estimation unit 4404 may then generate reference indexes that indicate the reference pictures in list 0 and list 1 containing the reference video blocks and motion vectors that indicate spatial displacements between the reference video blocks and the current video block. Motion estimation unit 4404 may output the reference indexes and the motion vectors of the current video block as the motion information of the current video block. Motion compensation unit 4405 may generate the predicted video block of the current video block based on the reference video blocks indicated by the motion information of the current video block.Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W)

[0271] In some examples, motion estimation unit 4404 may output a full set of motion information for decoding processing of a decoder. In some examples, motion estimation unit 4404 may not output a full set of motion information for the current video. Rather, motion estimation unit 4404 may signal the motion information of the current video block with reference to the motion information of another video block. For example, motion estimation unit 4404 may determine that the motion information of the current video block is sufficiently similar to the motion information of a neighboring video block.

[0272] In one example, motion estimation unit 4404 may indicate, in a syntax structure associated with the current video block, a value that indicates to the video decoder 4500 that the current video block has the same motion information as another video block.

[0273] In another example, motion estimation unit 4404 may identify, in a syntax structure associated with the current video block, another video block and a motion vector difference (MVD). The motion vector difference indicates a difference between the motion vector of the current video block and the motion vector of the indicated video block. The video decoder 4500 may use the motion vector of the indicated video block and the motion vector difference to determine the motion vector of the current video block.

[0274] As discussed above, video encoder 4400 may predictively signal the motion vector. Two examples of predictive signaling techniques that may be implemented by video encoder 4400 include advanced motion vector prediction (AMVP) and merge mode signaling.

[0275] Intra prediction unit 4406 may perform intra prediction on the current video block. When intra prediction unit 4406 performs intra prediction on the current video block, intra prediction unit 4406 may generate prediction data for the current video block based on decoded samples of other video blocks in the same picture. The prediction data for the current video block may include a predicted video block and various syntax elements.

[0276] Residual generation unit 4407 may generate residual data for the current video block by subtracting the predicted video block(s) of the current video block from the current video block. The residual data of the current video block may include residual video blocks that correspond to different sample components of the samples in the current video block.

[0277] In other examples, there may be no residual data for the current video block for the current video block, for example in a skip mode, and residual generation unit 4407 may not perform the subtracting operation.

[0278] Transform processing unit 4408 may generate one or more transform coefficient video blocks for the current video block by applying one or more transforms to a residual video block associated with the current video block.

[0279] After transform processing unit 4408 generates a transform coefficient video block associated with the current video block, quantization unit 4409 may quantize the transform coefficient video block associated with the current video block based on one or more quantization parameter (QP) values associated with the current video block.

[0280] Inverse quantization unit 4410 and inverse transform unit 4411 may apply inverse quantization and inverse transforms to the transform coefficient video block, respectively, to reconstruct a residual video block from the transform coefficient video block. Reconstruction unit 4412 may add the reconstructed residual video block toAtty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) corresponding samples from one or more predicted video blocks generated by the prediction unit 4402 to produce a reconstructed video block associated with the current block for storage in the buffer 4413.

[0281] After reconstruction unit 4412 reconstructs the video block, the loop filtering operation may be performed to reduce video blocking artifacts in the video block.

[0282] Entropy encoding unit 4414 may receive data from other functional components of the video encoder 4400. When entropy encoding unit 4414 receives the data, entropy encoding unit 4414 may perform one or more entropy encoding operations to generate entropy encoded data and output a bitstream that includes the entropy encoded data.

[0283] FIG.8 is a block diagram illustrating an example of video decoder 4500 which may be video decoder 4324 in the system 4300 illustrated in FIG. 6. The video decoder 4500 may be configured to perform any or all of the techniques of this disclosure. In the example shown, the video decoder 4500 includes a plurality of functional components. The techniques described in this disclosure may be shared among the various components of the video decoder 4500. In some examples, a processor may be configured to perform any or all of the techniques described in this disclosure.

[0284] In the example shown, video decoder 4500 includes an entropy decoding unit 4501, a motion compensation unit 4502, an intra prediction unit 4503, an inverse quantization unit 4504, an inverse transformation unit 4505, a reconstruction unit 4506, and a buffer 4507. Video decoder 4500 may, in some examples, perform a decoding pass generally reciprocal to the encoding pass described with respect to video encoder 4400.

[0285] Entropy decoding unit 4501 may retrieve an encoded bitstream. The encoded bitstream may include entropy coded video data (e.g., encoded blocks of video data). Entropy decoding unit 4501 may decode the entropy coded video data, and from the entropy decoded video data, motion compensation unit 4502 may determine motion information including motion vectors, motion vector precision, reference picture list indexes, and other motion information. Motion compensation unit 4502 may, for example, determine such information by performing the AMVP and merge mode.

[0286] Motion compensation unit 4502 may produce motion compensated blocks, possibly performing interpolation based on interpolation filters. Identifiers for interpolation filters to be used with sub-pixel precision may be included in the syntax elements.

[0287] Motion compensation unit 4502 may use interpolation filters as used by video encoder 4400 during encoding of the video block to calculate interpolated values for sub-integer pixels of a reference block. Motion compensation unit 4502 may determine the interpolation filters used by video encoder 4400 according to received syntax information and use the interpolation filters to produce predictive blocks.

[0288] Motion compensation unit 4502 may use some of the syntax information to determine sizes of blocks used to encode frame(s) and / or slice(s) of the encoded video sequence, partition information that describes how each macroblock of a picture of the encoded video sequence is partitioned, modes indicating how each partition is encoded, one or more reference frames (and reference frame lists) for each inter coded block, and other information to decode the encoded video sequence.Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W)

[0289] Intra prediction unit 4503 may use intra prediction modes for example received in the bitstream to form a prediction block from spatially adjacent blocks. Inverse quantization unit 4504 inverse quantizes, i.e., de-quantizes, the quantized video block coefficients provided in the bitstream and decoded by entropy decoding unit 4501. Inverse transform unit 4505 applies an inverse transform.

[0290] Reconstruction unit 4506 may sum the residual blocks with the corresponding prediction blocks generated by motion compensation unit 4502 or intra prediction unit 4503 to form decoded blocks. If desired, a deblocking filter may also be applied to filter the decoded blocks in order to remove blockiness artifacts. The decoded video blocks are then stored in buffer 4507, which provides reference blocks for subsequent motion compensation / intra prediction and also produces decoded video for presentation on a display device.

[0291] FIG.9 is a schematic diagram of an example encoder 4600. The encoder 4600 is suitable for implementing the techniques of VVC. The encoder 4600 includes three in-loop filters, namely a deblocking filter (DF) 4602, a sample adaptive offset (SAO) 4604, and an adaptive loop filter (ALF) 4606. Unlike the DF 4602, which uses predefined filters, the SAO 4604 and the ALF 4606 utilize the original samples of the current picture to reduce the mean square errors between the original samples and the reconstructed samples by adding an offset and by applying a finite impulse response (FIR) filter, respectively, with coded side information signaling the offsets and filter coefficients. The ALF 4606 is located at the last processing stage of each picture and can be regarded as a tool trying to catch and fix artifacts created by the previous stages.

[0292] The encoder 4600 further includes an intra prediction component 4608 and a motion estimation / compensation (ME / MC) component 4610 configured to receive input video. The intra prediction component 4608 is configured to perform intra prediction, while the ME / MC component 4610 is configured to utilize reference pictures obtained from a reference picture buffer 4612 to perform inter prediction. Residual blocks from inter prediction or intra prediction are fed into a transform (T) component 4614 and a quantization (Q) component 4616 to generate quantized residual transform coefficients, which are fed into an entropy coding component 4618. The entropy coding component 4618 entropy codes the prediction results and the quantized transform coefficients and transmits the same toward a video decoder (not shown). Quantization components output from the quantization component 4616 may be fed into an inverse quantization (IQ) components 4620, an inverse transform component 4622, and a reconstruction (REC) component 4624. The REC component 4624 is able to output images to the DF 4602, the SAO 4604, and the ALF 4606 for filtering prior to those images being stored in the reference picture buffer 4612.

[0293] A listing of solutions preferred by some examples is provided next.

[0294] The following solutions show examples of techniques discussed herein.

[0295] 1. A method for processing media data comprising: determining a value of a neural-network post-filter (NNPF) purpose defined to support spatial extrapolation; and performing a conversion between a visual media data and a bitstream based on the NNPF purpose.

[0296] 2. The method of solution 1, wherein a bit of nnpfc_purpose is used to indicate spatial extrapolation, and wherein the bit corresponds to a bitMask value 0x80.Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W)

[0297] 3. The method of any of solutions 1-2, wherein the purpose of spatial extrapolation is combined with other NNPF purposes.

[0298] 4. The method of any of solutions 1-3, wherein a NNPF purpose is defined to support spatial extraction, where spatial extraction is an inverse of spatial extrapolation.

[0299] 5. The method of any of solutions 1-4, wherein a bit of nnpfc_purpose is used to indicate spatial extraction, and wherein the bit corresponds to a bitMask value 0x100.

[0300] 6. The method of any of solutions 1-5, wherein the purpose of spatial extraction is combined with other NNPF purposes.

[0301] 7. The method of any of solutions 1-6, wherein a NNPF purpose is defined to support spatial extrapolation or spatial extraction, where spatial extraction is an inverse of spatial extrapolation.

[0302] 8. The method of any of solutions 1-7, wherein a bit of nnpfc_purpose is used to indicate spatial extrapolation or spatial extraction, and wherein the bit corresponds to a bitMask value 0x80.

[0303] 9. The method of any of solutions 1-8, wherein the purpose of spatial extrapolation or spatial extraction is combined with other NNPF purposes.

[0304] 10. The method of any of solutions 1-9, wherein when the NNPF purpose includes spatial extrapolation or spatial extraction, the output resolution should be indicated.

[0305] 11. The method of any of solutions 1-10, wherein when the NNPF purpose includes spatial extrapolation or spatial extraction, the output width and height are always indicated in the bitstream, or wherein the indicated output resolution can be the same as the input, or wherein when the NNPF purpose includes spatial extrapolation or spatial extraction and the output resolution is the same as the input, the value of the variable ResolutionResamplingFlag shall be equal to 1.

[0306] 12. The method of any of solutions 1-11, wherein one or more syntax elements are signalled to indicate the preferred display type of the output.

[0307] 13. The method of any of solutions 1-12, wherein the preferred scan type may be indicated, or wherein whether and how the newly generated areas should be displayed are indicated, or wherein an index may be signalled to indicate to what extend the newly generated areas should be displayed.

[0308] 14. The method of any of solutions 1-13, wherein one or more syntax elements may be signalled to indicate newly generated spatial areas or the areas that are extracted away.

[0309] 15. The method of any of solutions 1-14, wherein the left, right, top and bottom offsets related to the output image and indicating newly extrapolated areas or the areas that are extracted away are indicated, or wherein offsets are in units of luma samples, or wherein offsets are in units of chroma samples, or wherein the offsets are in units of output chroma samples, or wherein at least one of the left, right, top or bottom offsets shall be not equal to 0, or wherein when there is spatial extrapolation but not spatial extraction, the offsets are represented by ue(v)-coded syntax elements, or wherein when there is spatial extraction but not spatial extrapolation, the offsets are represented by ue(v)-coded syntax elements, or wherein when there is either spatial extrapolation or spatial extraction but not both, theAtty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) offsets are represented by ue(v)-coded syntax elements, or wherein when there may be either or both of spatial extrapolation and spatial extraction, the offsets are represented by se(v)-coded syntax elements.

[0310] 16. The method of any of solutions 1-15, wherein when nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits is greater than 0, variable numSpecifiedMetadataExtensionBits is the number of bits representing all syntax elements between nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits and nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension, or wherein nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits greater than 0 specifies the sum of numSpecifiedMetadataExtensionBits and the length, in bits, of nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension.

[0311] 17. The method of any of solutions 1-16, wherein the value of nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits shall be in the range of numSpecifiedMetadataExtensionBits to 2048, inclusive; values in the range of numSpecifiedMetadataExtensionBits + 1 to 2048, inclusive, for nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits are reserved and shall not be present in conforming bitstreams; and conforming decoders shall allow any value of nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits in the range of numSpecifiedMetadataExtensionBits + 1 to 2048, inclusive.

[0312] 18. The method of any of solutions 1-17, wherein in the NNPFC SEI message syntax, a closing curly bracket, '}', is included immediately after the syntax element nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension.

[0313] 19. An apparatus for processing video data comprising: a processor; and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform the method of any of solutions 1-18.

[0314] 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising a computer program product for use by a video coding device, the computer program product comprising computer executable instructions stored on the non- transitory computer readable medium such that when executed by a processor cause the video coding device to perform the method of any of solutions 1-18.

[0315] 21. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream of a video which is generated by a method performed by a video processing apparatus, wherein the method comprises: determining a value of a neural-network post-filter (NNPF) purpose defined to support spatial extrapolation; and generating a bitstream based on the determining.

[0316] 22. A method for storing bitstream of a video comprising: determining a value of a neural-network post- filter (NNPF) purpose defined to support spatial extrapolation; generating a bitstream based on the determining; and storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.

[0317] 23. A method, apparatus, or system described in the present document.

[0318] In the solutions described herein, an encoder may conform to the format rule by producing a coded representation according to the format rule. In the solutions described herein, a decoder may use the format rule to parse syntax elements in the coded representation with the knowledge of presence and absence of syntax elements according to the format rule to produce decoded video.

[0319] In the present document, the term “video processing” may refer to video encoding, video decoding, video compression or video decompression. For example, video compression algorithms may be applied during conversion from pixel representation of a video to a corresponding bitstream representation or vice versa. The bitstreamAtty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) representation of a current video block may, for example, correspond to bits that are either co-located or spread in different places within the bitstream, as is defined by the syntax. For example, a macroblock may be encoded in terms of transformed and coded error residual values and also using bits in headers and other fields in the bitstream. Furthermore, during conversion, a decoder may parse a bitstream with the knowledge that some fields may be present, or absent, based on the determination, as is described in the above solutions. Similarly, an encoder may determine that certain syntax fields are or are not to be included and generate the coded representation accordingly by including or excluding the syntax fields from the coded representation.

[0320] The disclosed and other solutions, examples, embodiments, modules and the functional operations described in this document can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer software, firmware, or hardware, including the structures disclosed in this document and their structural equivalents, or in combinations of one or more of them. The disclosed and other embodiments can be implemented as one or more computer program products, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions encoded on a computer readable medium for execution by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus. The computer readable medium can be a machine-readable storage device, a machine-readable storage substrate, a memory device, a composition of matter effecting a machine- readable propagated signal, or a combination of one or more them. The term “data processing apparatus” encompasses all apparatus, devices, and machines for processing data, including by way of example a programmable processor, a computer, or multiple processors or computers. The apparatus can include, in addition to hardware, code that creates an execution environment for the computer program in question, e.g., code that constitutes processor firmware, a protocol stack, a database management system, an operating system, or a combination of one or more of them. A propagated signal is an artificially generated signal, e.g., a machine-generated electrical, optical, or electromagnetic signal, that is generated to encode information for transmission to suitable receiver apparatus.

[0321] A computer program (also known as a program, software, software application, script, or code) can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. A computer program does not necessarily correspond to a file in a file system. A program can be stored in a portion of a file that holds other programs or data (e.g., one or more scripts stored in a markup language document), in a single file dedicated to the program in question, or in multiple coordinated files (e.g., files that store one or more modules, sub programs, or portions of code). A computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers that are located at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communication network.

[0322] The processes and logic flows described in this document can be performed by one or more programmable processors executing one or more computer programs to perform functions by operating on input data and generating output. The processes and logic flows can also be performed by, and apparatus can also be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC).Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W)

[0323] Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and any one or more processors of any kind of digital computer. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read only memory or a random-access memory or both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor for performing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer will also include, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transfer data to, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data, e.g., magnetic, magneto optical disks, or optical disks. However, a computer need not have such devices. Computer readable media suitable for storing computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, media and memory devices, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks; magneto optical disks; and compact disc read-only memory (CD ROM) and Digital versatile disc-read only memory (DVD-ROM) disks. The processor and the memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special purpose logic circuitry.

[0324] While this patent document contains many specifics, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any subject matter or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments of particular techniques. Certain features that are described in this patent document in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.

[0325] Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the embodiments described in this patent document should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments.

[0326] Only a few implementations and examples are described and other implementations, enhancements and variations can be made based on what is described and illustrated in this patent document.

[0327] A first component is directly coupled to a second component when there are no intervening components, except for a line, a trace, or another medium between the first component and the second component. The first component is indirectly coupled to the second component when there are intervening components other than a line, a trace, or another medium between the first component and the second component. The term “coupled” and its variants include both directly coupled and indirectly coupled. The use of the term “about” means a range including ±10% of the subsequent number unless otherwise stated.Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W)

[0328] While several embodiments have been provided in the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods might be embodied in many other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. The present examples are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the intention is not to be limited to the details given herein. For example, the various elements or components may be combined or integrated in another system or certain features may be omitted, or not implemented.

[0329] In addition, techniques, systems, subsystems, and methods described and illustrated in the various embodiments as discrete or separate may be combined or integrated with other systems, modules, techniques, or methods without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Other items shown or discussed as coupled may be directly connected or may be indirectly coupled or communicating through some interface, device, or intermediate component whether electrically, mechanically, or otherwise. Other examples of changes, substitutions, and alterations are ascertainable by one skilled in the art and could be made without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein.

Claims

Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. A method for processing media data comprising: determining that a neural-network post-filter (NNPF) supplemental enhancement information (SEI) message includes an indication of newly generated spatial areas or extracted away areas; and performing a conversion between a visual media data and a bitstream based on the determination.

2. The method of claim 2, wherein the indication comprises a left offset, a right offset, a top offset, and a bottom offset related to an output image.

3. The method of any of claims 1-2, wherein the extracted away areas are discarded.

4. The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset is in units of luma samples.

5. The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset is in units of chroma samples.

6. The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset is in units of output chroma samples.

7. The method of any of claims 1-6, wherein one or more of the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset is not equal to 0.

8. The method of any of claims 1-7, wherein the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset are represented by syntax elements coded as an unsigned exponential-Golomb-coded value of a variable number of bits (ue(v)) when there is spatial extrapolation but not spatial extraction.

9. The method of any of claims 1-7, wherein the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset are represented by syntax elements coded as an unsigned exponential-Golomb-coded value of a variable number of bits (ue(v)) when there is spatial extraction but not spatial extrapolation.

10. The method of any of claims 1-7, wherein the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset are represented by syntax elements coded as an unsigned exponential-Golomb-coded value of a variable number of bits (ue(v)) when there is spatial extrapolation or spatial extraction, but not both.Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) 11. The method of any of claims 1-7, wherein the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset are represented by syntax elements coded as a signed exponential-Golomb-coded value of a variable number of bits (se(v)) when there is one or both of spatial extrapolation or spatial extraction.

12. The method of any of claims 1-7, wherein the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset are all greater than or equal to 0, or are all less than or equal to 0.

13. The method of any of claims 1-7, wherein when one of the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset is less than 0, all of the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset are not greater than 0.

14. The method of any of claims 1-7, wherein when one of the left offset or the right offset is less than 0, each of the left offset and the right offset is not greater than 0.

15. The method of any of claims 1-7, wherein when one of the top offset or the bottom offset is less than 0, each of the top offset and the bottom offset is not greater than 0.

16. The method of any of claims 1-7, wherein when one of the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset is greater than 0, all of the left offset, the right offset, the top offset, and the bottom offset are not less than 0.

17. The method of any of claims 1-7, wherein when one of the left offset or the right offset is greater than 0, each of the left offset and the right offset is not less than 0.

18. The method of any of claims 1-7, wherein when one of the top offset or the bottom offset is greater than 0, each of the top offset or the bottom offset is not less than 0.

19. The method of any of claims 1-18, wherein when a nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits syntax element is greater than 0, a variable numSpecifiedMetadataExtensionBits comprises a number of bits representing all syntax elements between the nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits syntax element and a nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension syntax element.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits having a value greater than 0 specifies a sum of a variable numSpecifiedMetadataExtensionBits and a length, in bits, of the nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension syntax element.Atty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) 21. The method of any of claims 19-20, wherein a value of the nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits syntax element is in a range of a value specified by a variable numSpecifiedMetadataExtensionBits to 2,048, inclusive.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein values in the range are reserved for future use and are not present in a conforming bitstream.

23. The method of any of claims 21-22, wherein a decoder is configured to allow any value of the nnpfc_num_metadata_extension_bits syntax element in the range.

24. The method of any of claims 1-23, wherein a closing curly bracket ( } ) is added immediately after the nnpfc_reserved_metadata_extension syntax element.

25. The method of any of claims 1-24, wherein the conversion includes encoding the visual media data into the bitstream.

26. The method of any of claims 1-24, wherein the conversion includes decoding the visual media data from the bitstream.

27. An apparatus for processing video data comprising: a processor; and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform the method of any of claims 1-26.

28. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising a computer program product for use by a video coding device, the computer program product comprising computer executable instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium such that when executed by a processor cause the video coding device to perform the method of any of claims 1-26.

29. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream of a video which is generated by a method performed by a video processing apparatus, wherein the method comprises: determining that a neural-network post-filter (NNPF) supplemental enhancement information (SEI) message includes an indication of newly generated spatial areas or extracted away areas; and generating the bitstream based on the determination.

30. A method for storing bitstream of a video comprising: determining that a neural-network post-filter (NNPF) supplemental enhancement information (SEI) message includes an indication of newly generated spatial areas or extracted away areas; generating the bitstream based on the determination; andAtty. Docket: 4824-54803 (P24042387599WO2; G25N12872W) storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.

31. A method, apparatus, or system described in the present disclosure.

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