Energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference
By performing channel measurements based on the EPRE ratio, the UE ensures accurate reporting of predicted channel measurements, aligning with network energy ratios, thus enhancing beam management and communication efficiency in wireless systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/087671
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-15
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-23
AI Technical Summary
In wireless communications systems, the energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio between prediction target resources and measurement resources used by user equipment (UE) may not align with that of the network entity, leading to inaccurate channel measurements and reports.
The UE performs channel measurement predictions based on the EPRE ratio between measurement and prediction target resources, transmitting a channel report indicating predicted measurements, with the option to apply EPRE offsets and receive control signaling for aligned ratios.
This approach allows the network entity to accurately utilize UE-reported channel measurements, enhancing beam management and alignment with network-side energy ratios, thereby improving communication efficiency.
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Figure CN2024087671_23102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ENERGY RATIO BETWEEN BEAM SETS FOR MODEL TRAINING AND INFERENCE
[0001] FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0002] The following relates to wireless communications, including energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .SUMMARY
[0004] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support an energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference. For example, the described techniques enable identification of the energy ratio between a set of prediction target resources and a set of measurement resources. In some examples, a user equipment (UE) may receive a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources. The UE may perform a channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of a set of prediction target resources based on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of references signals and based on an energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources. The UE may transmit, based on the channel measurement prediction, a channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.
[0005] A method for wireless communication by a UE is described. The method may include receiving a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources, performing a channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of a set of prediction target resources based on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of references signals and on an EPRE ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources, and transmitting, based on the channel measurement prediction, a channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.
[0006] A UE for wireless communication is described. The UE may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the UE to receive a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources, perform a channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of a set of prediction target resources based on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of references signals and on an EPRE ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources, and transmit, based on the channel measurement prediction, a channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.
[0007] Another UE for wireless communication is described. The UE may include means for receiving a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources, means for performing a channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of a set of prediction target resources based on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of references signals and on an EPRE ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources, and means for transmitting, based on the channel measurement prediction, a channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.
[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to receive a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources, perform a channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of a set of prediction target resources based on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of references signals and on an EPRE ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources, and transmit, based on the channel measurement prediction, a channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.
[0009] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the EPRE ratio may be configured for the UE.
[0010] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the channel report may include operations, features, means, or instructions for applying, based on the EPRE ratio, one or more EPRE offsets to the one or more predicted channel measurements.
[0011] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a same EPRE ratio for the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources.
[0012] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of prediction target resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target prediction resources, where the first EPRE ratio may be different from the second EPRE ratio.
[0013] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measurement resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of measurement resources, where the first EPRE ratio may be different from the second EPRE ratio.
[0014] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a first set of multiple EPRE ratios associated with the set of measurement resources and a second set of multiple EPRE ratios associated with the set of target prediction resources.
[0015] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting control signaling indicating a same EPRE ratio for the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources.
[0016] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of prediction target resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target prediction resources, where the first EPRE ratio may be different from the second EPRE ratio.
[0017] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measurement resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of measurement resources, where the first EPRE ratio may be different from the second EPRE ratio.
[0018] Some examples of the method, user equipment (UEs) , and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting control signaling indicating a first set of multiple EPRE ratios associated with the set of measurement resources and a second set of multiple EPRE ratios associated with the set of target prediction resources.
[0019] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the channel report may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the channel report based on a difference between the one or more predicted channel measurements and the one or more measurements of at least the subset of the set of references signals satisfying a threshold.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 3 shows an example of a block diagram that supports energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 4 shows examples of block diagrams that supports energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 5 shows an example of a channel measurement graph that supports energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 6 shows an example of a process flow that supports energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIGs. 7 and 8 show block diagrams of devices that support energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 10 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0029] FIGs. 11 and 12 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] In some wireless communications systems, a user equipment (UE) and a network entity may perform beam management procedures in order to determine beam characteristics. For example, UEs, network entities, or both, may be configured to utilize an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) model to determine or predict beam characteristics. A UE may perform measurements on reference signals received from the network entity using different receive (Rx) beams, such as wide-beams and narrow-beams. The measurements may be channel measurements, such as a layer one reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) or a layer one signal to interference and noise ratio (L1-SINR) . The UE may use the channel measurements to train wide-to-narrow beam prediction models with inputs being measured L1-RSRPs of wide-beams and outputs being channel measurement predictions (L1-RSRPs or L1-SINRs) of the narrow-beams. The UE may use the models to predict spatial domain beam characteristics for a set of prediction target resources based on measurement results for a set of measurement resources. An energy ratio, such as an energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio, between the set of prediction target resources and the set of measurement resources assumed by the UE-side model may not be known by the network entity and may not align with the corresponding energy ratio (e.g., EPRE ratio) considered at the network entity. If the energy ratio used by the UE-side model does not align with the energy ratio used by the network entity, the predicted channel measurements reported by the UE may not be used by the network entity.
[0031] Techniques for identification of the energy ratio between the set of prediction target resources and the set of measurement resources may allow the network entity and UE to use the AI / ML model to determine and predict beam characteristics. In some examples, the UE may receive a set (e.g., one or more) of reference signals via a set of measurement resources (e.g., Set-B beams) . The UE may perform a channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of a set of prediction target resources (e.g., Set-A beams) based on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of references signals and based on an EPRE ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources. The EPRE indicates a power for one resource element, and the EPRE ratio indicates a comparison of the EPRE associated with the set of measurement resources and the EPRE associated with the set of prediction resources. The UE may transmit, based on the channel measurement prediction, a channel report (e.g., channel state information (CSI) report) indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction. In some cases, the EPRE ratio may be configured for the UE. In some cases, the network entity may transmit control signaling indicating the EPRE ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources. In some examples, the UE may transmit control signaling indicating the EPRE ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources.
[0032] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are also described in context of block diagrams, a channel measurement graph, and a process flow. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference.
[0033] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more devices, such as one or more network devices (e.g., network entities 105) , one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0034] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via communication link (s) 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish the communication link (s) 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0035] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices in the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., other wireless communication devices, including UEs 115 or network entities 105) , as shown in FIG. 1.
[0036] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0037] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with a core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link (s) 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) or one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0038] One or more of the network entities 105 or network equipment described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within one network entity (e.g., a network entity 105 or a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0039] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among multiple network entities (e.g., network entities 105) , such as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , such as a CU 160, a distributed unit (DU) , such as a DU 165, a radio unit (RU) , such as an RU 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , such as an RIC 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, such as an SMO system 180, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more of the network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0040] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, or any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 (e.g., one or more CUs) may be connected to a DU 165 (e.g., one or more DUs) or an RU 170 (e.g., one or more RUs) , or some combination thereof, and the DUs 165, RUs 170, or both may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or multiple different RUs, such as an RU 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165 or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to a DU 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to an RU 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities (e.g., one or more of the network entities 105) that are in communication via such communication links.
[0041] In some wireless communications systems (e.g., the wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more of the network entities 105 (e.g., network entities 105 or IAB node (s) 104) may be partially controlled by each other. The IAB node (s) 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. A DU 165 or an RU 170 may be partially controlled by a CU 160 associated with a network entity 105 or base station 140 (such as a donor network entity or a donor base station) . The one or more donor entities (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional devices (e.g., IAB node (s) 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link (s) 120) . IAB node (s) 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may be equipped with an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115 or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of IAB node (s) 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node (s) 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB node (s) 104 may include one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node (s) 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104 or components of the IAB node (s) 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0042] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support test as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., components such as an IAB node, a DU 165, a CU 160, an RU 170, an RIC 175, an SMO system 180) .
[0043] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, vehicles, or meters, among other examples.
[0044] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as UEs 115 that may sometimes operate as relays, as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0045] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via the communication link (s) 125 (e.g., one or more access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined PHY layer structure for supporting the communication link (s) 125. For example, a carrier used for the communication link (s) 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more PHY layer channels for a given RAT (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each PHY layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities, such as one or more of the network entities 105) .
[0046] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0047] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0048] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems, such as the wireless communications system 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0049] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0050] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to UEs 115 (e.g., one or more UEs) or may include UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a UE 115 (e.g., a specific UE) .
[0051] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area, such as the coverage area 110. In some examples, coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) associated with different technologies may overlap, but the coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) may be supported by the same network entity (e.g., a network entity 105) . In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas, such as a coverage area 110, associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities (e.g., the network entities 105) . The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 support communications for coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) using the same or different RATs.
[0052] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0053] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs (e.g., one or more of the UEs 115) via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link, such as a D2D communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to one or more of the UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0054] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0055] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than one hundred kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0056] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) RAT, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0057] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0058] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0059] A network entity 105 or a UE 115 may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beamforming operations. For example, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a network entity 105 multiple times along different directions. For example, the network entity 105 may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a network entity 105, or by a receiving device, such as a UE 115) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the network entity 105.
[0060] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105 or a UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as another network entity 105 or UE 115) . In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that was transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, a UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the network entity 105 along different directions and may report to the network entity 105 an indication of the signal that the UE 115 received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality.
[0061] In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a network entity 105 or a UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a network entity 105 to a UE 115) . The UE 115 may report feedback that indicates precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured set of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The network entity 105 may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) ) , which may be precoded or unprecoded. The UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook) . Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted along one or more directions by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , a UE 115 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 115) or for transmitting a signal along a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device) .
[0062] A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115) may perform reception operations in accordance with multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105) , such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may perform reception in accordance with multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal) . The single receive configuration may be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) , or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions) .
[0063] In some wireless communications systems, the UE 115 and the network entity 105 may perform beam management procedures in order to determine beam characteristics. For example, UEs 115, network entities 105, or both, may be configured to utilize an AI or ML model to determine and predict beam characteristics. The UE 115 may perform measurements on reference signals received from the network entity 105 using different Rx beams, such as wide-beams and narrow-beams. The measurements may be channel measurements, such as a layer one reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) or a layer one signal to interference and noise ratio (L1-SINR) . The UE 115 may use the channel measurements to train wide-to-narrow beam prediction models with inputs being measured L1-RSRPs of wide-beams and outputs being channel measurement predictions (L1-RSRPs or L1-SINRs) of the narrow-beams. The UE 115 may use the models to predict spatial domain beam characteristics for a set of prediction target resources based on measurement results for a set of measurement resources. An energy ratio, such as an energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio, between the set of prediction target resources and the set of measurement resources assumed by the UE-side model may not be known by the network entity 105 and may not align with the corresponding energy ratio (e.g., EPRE ratio) considered at the network entity 105. If the energy ratio used by the UE-side model does not align with the energy ratio used by the network entity 105, the predicted channel measurements reported by the UE 115 may not be used by the network entity 105.
[0064] Techniques for identification of the energy ratio between the set of prediction target resources and the set of measurement resources may allow the network entity 105 and UE 115 to use the AI / ML model to determine and predict beam characteristics. In some examples, the UE 115 may receive a set (e.g., one or more) of reference signals via a set of measurement resources (e.g., Set-B beams) . The UE 115 may perform a channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of a set of prediction target resources (e.g., Set-A beams) based on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of references signals and based on an EPRE ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources. The EPRE indicates a power for one resource element, and the EPRE ratio indicates a comparison of the EPRE associated with the set of measurement resources and the EPRE associated with the set of prediction resources. The UE 115 may transmit, based on the channel measurement prediction, a channel report (e.g., channel state information (CSI) report) indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction. In some cases, the EPRE ratio may be configured for the UE 115. In some cases, the network entity 105 may transmit control signaling indicating the EPRE ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources. In some examples, the UE 115 may transmit control signaling indicating the EPRE ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources.
[0065] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 200 may implement aspects of or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100. For example, the wireless communications system 200 includes a UE 115-a, which may be an example of a UE 115 as described herein. The wireless communications system 200 may also include a network entity 105-a, which may be an example of a network entity 105 as described herein.
[0066] The UE 115-a may communicate with the network entity 105-a using a communication link 125-a. The communication link 125-a may be an example of an NR or LTE link between the UE 115-a and the network entity 105-a. The communication link 125-a may include bi-directional links that enable both uplink and downlink communications. For example, the network entity 105-a may transmit downlink signals (e.g., downlink transmissions) , such as downlink control signaling 205 and downlink data signals 210, to the UE 115-a using the communication link 125-a, and the UE 115-a may transmit uplink signals (e.g., uplink transmissions) , such as uplink control signaling 215 and uplink data signals 220, to the network entity 105-a using the communication link 125-a.
[0067] In some examples, the UE 115-a may perform beam management procedures in order to determine beam characteristics. For example, the UE 115-a may be configured to utilize an AI or ML model to determine and predict beam characteristics. For example, AI or ML techniques may be implemented by UE 115-a for beam management, including beam prediction in time, and / or spatial domains for overhead and latency reduction and beam selection accuracy improvement. The AI or ML techniques may be implemented by the UE 115-a for spatial-domain downlink beam prediction for Set-A beams (e.g., prediction target resources) based on measurement results of Set-B beams (e.g., measurement resources) . The AI or ML techniques may be implemented by the UE 115-a for temporal downlink beam prediction for Set-A beams (e.g., prediction target resources) based on the historic measurement results of Set-B beams (e.g., measurement resources) .
[0068] In some cases, the network entity 105-a may determine a downlink transmit EPRE. For the purpose of CSI-RSRP and CSI-SINR measurements, the UE 115-a may assume the downlink EPRE of a port of channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource configuration is constant across the configured downlink bandwidth and constant across all configured OFDM symbols. The downlink CSI-RS EPRE can be derived from the SS / PBCH block downlink transmit power given by the parameter ss-PBCH-BlockPower and CSI-RS power offset given by the parameter powerControlOffsetSS provided by higher layers if the SS / PBCH block is associated with serving cell PCI. The downlink reference-signal transmit power is defined as the linear average over the power contributions of the resource elements that carry the configured CSI-RS within the operating system bandwidth.
[0069] In some examples, for wide-to-narrow beam prediction model training and a related dataset, the UE 115-a may, either over-the-air (OTA) or offline, collect L1-RSRPs associated with wide-beams (via SSBs / CSI-RSs) &narrow-beams (via CSI-RSs) to train wide-to-narrow beam prediction models, with inputs being measured L1-RSRPs of the wide-beams and outputs being predicted L1-RSRPs of the narrow-beams. The EPRE ratio (s) between Set-A beams and Set-B beams may be identified from the RRC configured powerControlOffsetSS associated with the respectively involved CSI-RSs and EPRE across all SSBs are constant. The predicted L1-RSRPs may make sense if EPRE ratio between the wide beams and the narrow beams are the same as in the training dataset of the prediction model. Otherwise, an EPRE ratio offset should be considered to provide reasonable predicted L1-RSRPs on narrow-beams.
[0070] In some cases, communications system operation may be impacted if the EPRE ratio assumed by the model of the UE 115-a does not align with the corresponding EPRE ratio at the network entity 105-a. In some cases, the communications system operation may be impacted if network entity 105-a is not aware of the EPRE ratio assumed by the AI or ML model of the UE 115-a for channel measurement prediction. For example, the network entity 105-a may decide to switch the UE 115-a from wide beams to narrow beams, and the network entity 105-a may transmit actual CSI-RSs for P2-refinement (e.g., transmit beam refinement) , based on whether the predicted L1-RSRPs of the narrow-beams are greater than the measured L1-RSRPs of the wide-beams. However, if the UE 115-a has trained the AI or ML model on a +6 dB EPRE ratio between Set-A and Set-B beams without proper coordination with the network entity 105-a, the L1-RSRPs reported by the UE 115-a may not be effectively utilized for the aforementioned wide to narrow beam switch purpose or the P-2 refinement purpose. As a result, the network entity 105-a and the UE 115-a may communicate with each other regarding the EPRE ratio between Set-A and Set-B beams assumed for wide-to-narrow beam prediction when deriving and reporting L1-RSRPs measured for Set-B beams and L1-RSRPs predicted for Set-A beams.
[0071] In some examples, the UE 115-a may identify the EPRE ratio between the Set-B beams and Set-A beams. For model training, the SSBs or CSI-RSs and the respective measured L1-RSRPs or L1-SINRs are considered for the Set-A beams and Set-B beams. For OTA data collection, the EPRE ratio (s) between Set-B beams and Set-A beams may be identified based on powerControlOffsetSS signaled for the respective involved CSI-RS. For offline data collection and prediction generation, the EPRE ratio (s) between the Set-B beams and the Set-A beams may be determined during model training procedures. For model inference for wide-to-narrow prediction, the SSBs or CSI-RS may be signaled as the Set-B beams while the virtual resources not actually transmitted are signaled as the Set-A beams.
[0072] In some examples, the network entity 105-a and the UE may communicate with each other to identify the EPRE ratio between the Set-A beams (e.g., prediction target resources) and the Set-B beams (e.g., measurement resources) , or among the Set-B beams, or among the Set-A beams, to be applied for model training or inference. In some examples, the EPRE ratio may be defined for both model training and inference. For example, AI or ML models trained or inferenced for beam prediction that may output predicted L1-RSRPs or L1-SINRs with respect to Set-A beams, may assume a fixed EPRE ratio (e.g., 0-dB) between the Set-A beams and the Set-B beams. When determining L1-RSRPs with respect to Set-B beams for model inputs, different Set-B beams may comprise the same defined EPRE, and when determining L1-RSRPs with respect to Set-A beams for model outputs, different Set-A beams may comprise the same defined EPRE. For the cases with the defined EPRE ratio (s) , the UE 115-a and the network entity 105-a may not communicate regarding the EPRE ratio (s) .
[0073] In some examples, despite of the EPRE ratio assumed by the model regarding inter or intra Set-A beams or Set-B beams, the UE 115-a may report predicted L1-RSRPs or L1-SINRs determined based on a defined or fixed EPRE ratio (e.g., 0-dB) assumed between the Set-B beams and the Set-A beams. When determining L1-RSRPs with respect to Set-B beams for model inputs, different Set-B beams may comprise the same defined EPRE, and when determining L1-RSRPs with respect to Set-A beams for model outputs, different Set-A beams may comprise the same defined EPRE.
[0074] In some examples, the network entity 105-a may transmit, to the UE 115-a, control signaling indicating the EPRE ratio, and the EPRE ratio may be used for model inference. In some examples, the UE 115-a may transmit, to the network entity 105-a, control signaling indicating the EPRE ratio (s) between the Set-B and Set-A beams, and the reported EPRE ratio (s) may be used for model inference.
[0075] In some examples, the fixed or configured EPRE ratio (e.g., 0-db) between Set-A and Set-B beams may be applied to any AI or ML functionalities or models where the model output comprises predicted L1-RSRPs or L1-SINRs on Set-A beams. In some cases, the fixed or configured EPRE ratio (e.g., 0-db) between Set-A and Set-B beams may be applied to restricted AI or ML functionalities or logical models. For examples, the fixed or configured EPRE ratio (e.g., 0-db) between Set-A and Set-B beams may be applied to the AI or ML functionality of spatial beam prediction where the logical model is associated with the case that Set-A&Set-B beams are not fully overlapping.
[0076] FIG. 3 shows an example of a block diagram 300 that supports energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the block diagram 300 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications systems 100 and 200 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2, respectively.
[0077] In some examples, the fixed or configured EPRE ratio (e.g., 0-db) between Set-A and Set-B beams may be defined. In some cases, the UE 115-a may be requested to feedback predicted L1-RSRPs or L1-SINRs regarding Set-A beams through CSI reports or through a MAC-CE. The UE 115-a may measure L1-RSRPs 305 of the Set-B beams via received SSBs. For example, the UE 115-a may receive a set of reference signals 225 (e.g., SSBs) via a set of measurement resources (e.g., Set-B beams) . The UE 115-a may apply an AI or ML model 310 with input being the measured L1-RSRPs 305 of the Set-B beams and output being predicted L1-RSRPs 315 of Set-A beams labelled via CSI-RSs. For example, the UE 115-a may perform a channel measurement prediction on a set of prediction target resources (e.g., Set-A beams) based on the measured L1-RSRPs. In some cases, the UE 115-a may apply an autonomously determined EPRE offset on the L1-RSRPs 315 output by the proprietary (e.g., physical) model that was trained based on a dataset transparent to the network entity 105-aconsidered during model inference to meet the defined EPRE ratio (s) for applicable beam prediction results reports. The UE 115-a may identify the EPRE ratio through the training dataset. For example, the EPRE ratio between Set-A and Set B beams may be -6db (e.g., EPRESSB –EPRECSI-RS = -6db) , and the network entity 105-a considered during model inference may not be aware of the EPRE ratio between Set-A and Set-B beams for the involved AI or ML functionality or model. In some examples, the EPRE ratio between Set-A and Set-B beams may be configured (e.g., 0db) . In some cases, the UE 115-a may apply the EPRE offset (e.g., +6db) to the raw predicted channel measurements (predicted L1-RSRPs 315) obtained from the channel measurement prediction. The UE 115-a may transmit a channel report 230 indicating the predicted channel measurements (L1-RSRPs 315) . In some cases, the channel report 230 may indicate the raw predicted channel measurements and the EPRE offset. In some cases, the channel report 230 may indicate the predicted channel measurements after applying the EPRE offset to the raw predicted L1-RSRPs.
[0078] FIG. 4 shows examples of block diagrams 400 that supports energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the block diagrams 400 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications systems 100 and 200 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2, respectively.
[0079] In some examples, the network entity 105-a may control the EPRE ratio (s) for inference but not model training. When determining L1-RSRPs with respect to Set-B beams for model inputs, different Set-B beams may comprise the same EPRE, and when determining L1-RSRPs with respect to Set-A beams for model outputs, different Set-A beams may comprise the same EPRE. In some cases, the UE 115-a may receive, prior to performing the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a same EPRE ratio for both the set of measurement resources (e.g., Set-B beams) and the set of prediction target resources (e.g., Set-A beams) . The block diagram 405 shows Set-B beams 410-a, and the Set-B beams 410-a may be via the same EPRE (e.g., SSBs or CSI-RSs with identical EPRE offsets referring to SSBs) . The block diagram 405 shows Set-A beams 415-a, and the Set-A beams 415-a may be via the same EPRE (e.g., virtual resources not actually transmitted with assumed same (virtual) EPRE) . A single EPRE ratio value 420 may be signaled by the network entity 105-a to the UE 115-a.
[0080] In some examples, when determining L1-RSRPs with respect to Set-B beams for model inputs, different Set-B beams may comprise the same EPRE. When determining L1-RSRPs with respect to Set-A beams for model outputs, different Set-Abeams may comprise different EPREs. For this example, the network entity 105-a may signal EPRE ratios for different Set-A beams. In some cases, the UE 115-a may receive, prior to performing the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of prediction target resources (e.g., subset of the Set-A Beams) and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target prediction resources (e.g., another subset of the Set-Abeams) , and the first EPRE ratio may be different from the second EPRE ratio. The block diagram 425 shows Set-B beams 410-b, and the Set-B beams 410-b may be via the same EPRE (e.g., SSBs or CSI-RSs with identical EPRE offsets referring to SSBs) . The block diagram 425 shows Set-A beams 415-b, and the Set-A beams 415-b may be via variable EPREs (e.g., virtual resources not actually transmitted with assumed variable (virtual) EPREs) . EPRE ratio values 430 for different Set-A beams may be signaled by the network entity 105-a to the UE 115-a.
[0081] In some examples, when determining L1-RSRPs with respect to Set-B beams for model inputs, different Set-B beams may comprise different EPREs. When determining L1-RSRPs with respect to Set-A beams for model outputs, different Set-Abeams may comprise the same EPRE. For this example, the network entity 105-a may signal a EPRE ratio value referring to a certain Set-B beam (e.g., defined or predefined to be the first Set-B beam included in the resource set configuring Set-B beams or network entity 105-a determined and signaled to the UE 115-a) . In some cases, the UE 115-a may receive, prior to performing the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measurement resources. The block diagram 435 shows a Set-B beams 410-c, and the Set-B beams 410-c may be via variable EPREs (e.g., CSI-RSs with different EPRE offsets referring to SSBs) . The block diagram 435 shows a Set-A beams 415-c, and the Set-A beams 415-c may be via the same EPRE (e.g., virtual resources not actually transmitted with assumed same (virtual) EPREs) . The single EPRE ratio value 440 referring to one of the Set-B beams may be signaled by the network entity 105-a to the UE 115-a.
[0082] In some examples, when determining L1-RSRPs with respect to Set-B beams for model inputs, different Set-B beams may comprise different EPREs. When determining L1-RSRPs with respect to Set-A beams for model outputs, different Set-Abeams may the same EPRE. For this example, the network entity 105-a may signal EPRE ratios for different Set-A beams referring to a single Set-B beam (e.g., defined or predefined as the first Set-B beam included in the resource set configuring Set-B beams or network entity 105-a determined and signaled to the UE 115-a) . In some cases, the UE 115-a may receive, prior to performing the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a first plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of measurement resources (e.g., Set-B beams) and a second plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of target prediction resources (e.g., Set-A beams) . The block diagram 445 shows a Set-B beams 410-d, and the Set-B beams 410-d may be via variable EPREs (e.g., CSI-RSs with different EPRE offsets referring to SSBs) . The block diagram 445 shows a Set-A beams 415-d, and the Set-A beams 415-d may be via variable EPREs (e.g., virtual resources not actually transmitted with assumed variable (virtual) EPREs) . EPRE ratio values 450 for different Set-A beams, referring to one of the Set-B beams, may be signaled by the network entity 105-a to the UE 115-a.
[0083] In some cases, the UE 115-a may identify the EPRE ratio (s) based on signaling associated with network entity 105-a requests on UE 115-a reporting beam prediction results or signaling configuring Set-A beams and Set-B beams for the prediction. For example, the signaling may be CSI report or resource setting, MAC-CE activating (semi-persistent) CSI reports, CSI-AssociatedReportConfigInfo, or other dedicated RRC signaling, MAC-CE, or DCI. In some examples, the network entity 105-signaled EPRE ratio value (s) may be signaled through one of the CSI report or resource setting, MAC-CE activating (semi-persistent) CSI reports, CSI-AssociatedReportConfigInfo, or other dedicated RRC signaling, MAC-CE, or DCI.
[0084] In some examples, the UE 115-a may apply an autonomously determined EPRE offset on the L1-RSRPs output by its proprietary (physical) model that was trained based on a dataset transparent to the network entity 105-a considered during model inference, to meet the network entity 105-a requested EPRE ratio (s) for applicable beam prediction results reports. For example, the UE 115-a may apply, based on the EPRE ratio (s) indicated by the network entity 105-a, one or more EPRE offsets to the one or more predicted channel measurements (e.g., predicted L1-RSRPs) .
[0085] In some examples, the UE 115-a may report, to the network entity 105-a, the EPRE ratio (s) used inference but not model training. When determining L1-RSRPs with respect to Set-B beams for model inputs, different Set-B beams may comprise the same EPRE, and when determining L1-RSRPs with respect to Set-A beams for model outputs, different Set-A beams may comprise the same EPRE. In some cases, the UE 115-a may transmit, to the network entity 105-a, control signaling indicating a same EPRE ratio for both the set of measurement resources (e.g., Set-B beams) and the set of prediction target resources (e.g., Set-A beams) . The block diagram 405 shows Set-B beams 410-a, and the Set-B beams 410-a may be via the same EPRE (e.g., SSBs or CSI-RSs with identical EPRE offsets referring to SSBs) . The block diagram 405 shows Set-A beams 415-a, and the Set-A beams 415-a may be via the same EPRE (e.g., virtual resources not actually transmitted with assumed same (virtual) EPRE) . A single EPRE ratio value 420 may be signaled by the UE 115-a to the network entity 105-a.
[0086] In some examples, when determining L1-RSRPs with respect to Set-B beams for model inputs, different Set-B beams may comprise the same EPRE. When determining L1-RSRPs with respect to Set-A beams for model outputs, different Set-Abeams may comprise different EPREs. For this example, the UE 115-a may report, to the network entity 105-a, EPRE ratios for different Set-A beams. In some cases, the UE 115-a may transmit control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of prediction target resources (e.g., subset of the Set-A Beams) and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target prediction resources (e.g., another subset of the Set-A beams) , and the first EPRE ratio may be different from the second EPRE ratio. The block diagram 425 shows Set-B beams 410-b, and the Set-B beams 410-b may be via the same EPRE (e.g., SSBs or CSI-RSs with identical EPRE offsets referring to SSBs) . The block diagram 425 shows Set-A beams 415-b, and the Set-A beams 415-b may be via variable EPREs (e.g., virtual resources not actually transmitted with assumed variable (virtual) EPREs) . EPRE ratio values 430 for different Set-A beams may be signaled by the UE 115-a to the network entity 105-a.
[0087] In some examples, when determining L1-RSRPs with respect to Set-B beams for model inputs, different Set-B beams may comprise different EPREs. When determining L1-RSRPs with respect to Set-A beams for model outputs, different Set-A beams may comprise the same EPRE. For this example, the UE may report, to the network entity 105-a, a EPRE ratio value referring to a certain Set-B beam (e.g., defined or predefined to be the first Set-B beam included in the resource set configuring Set-B beams or network entity 105-a determined and signaled to the UE 115-a) . In some cases, the UE 115-a may transmit control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measurement resources. The block diagram 435 shows a Set-B beams 410-c, and the Set-B beams 410-c may be via variable EPREs (e.g., CSI-RSs with different EPRE offsets referring to SSBs) . The block diagram 435 shows a Set-A beams 415-c, and the Set-A beams 415-c may be via the same EPRE (e.g., virtual resources not actually transmitted with assumed same (virtual) EPREs) . The single EPRE ratio value 440 referring to one of the Set-B beams may be signaled by the UE 115-a to the network entity 105-a.
[0088] In some examples, when determining L1-RSRPs with respect to Set-B beams for model inputs, different Set-B beams may comprise different EPREs. When determining L1-RSRPs with respect to Set-A beams for model outputs, different Set-A beams may the same EPRE. For this example, the UE 115-a may report, to the network entity 105-a, EPRE ratios for different Set-A beams referring to a single Set-B beam (e.g., defined or predefined as the first Set-B beam included in the resource set configuring Set-B beams or network entity 105-a determined and signaled to the UE 115-a) . In some cases, the UE 115-a may transmit control signaling indicating a first plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of measurement resources (e.g., Set-B beams) and a second plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of target prediction resources (e.g., Set-A beams) . The block diagram 445 shows a Set-B beams 410-d, and the Set-B beams 410-d may be via variable EPREs (e.g., CSI-RSs with different EPRE offsets referring to SSBs) . The block diagram 445 shows a Set-A beams 415-d, and the Set-A beams 415-d may be via variable EPREs (e.g., virtual resources not actually transmitted with assumed variable (virtual) EPREs) . EPRE ratio values 450 for different Set-A beams, referring to one of the Set-B beams, may be signaled by the UE 115-a to the network entity 105-a.
[0089] In some cases, the UE 115-a may identify the EPRE ratio (s) based on signaling associated with network entity 105-a requests on UE 115-a reporting beam prediction results or signaling configuring Set-A beams and Set-B beams for the prediction. For example, the signaling may be CSI report or resource setting, MAC-CE activating (semi-persistent) CSI reports, CSI-AssociatedReportConfigInfo, or other dedicated RRC signaling, MAC-CE, or DCI. In some examples, the UE 115-a may report the EPRE ratio value (s) through UE 115-a capabilities (e.g., for involved AI / ML functionalities or (logical) models) , or through other dedicated signaling, such as RRC signaling or MAC-CE. The UE 115-a may report the EPRE ratio values (s) together with the channel reports (e.g., CSI-reports or MAC-CE) carrying the predicted L1-RSRPs with respect to Set-A beams where the reported EPRE ratio value (s) may be applied to the corresponding reporting occasion.
[0090] FIG. 5 shows an example of a channel measurement graph 500 that supports energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the channel measurement graph 500 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications systems 100 and 200 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2, respectively.
[0091] In some examples, the UE 115-a may transmit, to the network entity 105-a, a channel report based on defined conditions, such as an event trigger channel report. For example, the channel report may be a CSI-report requested by the UE 115-a or via MAC-CE and event triggered. In some cases, prediction results may be reported when L1-RSRP gains are observed. For example, the channel measurement graph 500 shows a graph of the best measured L1-RSRP 505 from Set-B beams (e.g., wide-beam via SSBs) and best predicted L1-RSRP 510 from Set-A beams (e.g., predicted from virtual narrow-beams and predicted based on L1-RSRPs measured from the wide-beams) . At interval 515, the best predicted L1-RSRP 510 and the best measured L1-RSRP 505 may satisfy a threshold, such as the difference between the best predicted L1-RSRP 510 and the best measured L1-RSRP 505 exceeds the threshold. In some cases, the UE 115-a may transmit an event triggered channel report when the best predicted L1-RSRP 510 and the best measured L1-RSRP 505 satisfy the threshold.
[0092] In some cases, whether the UE 115-a reports predicted L1-RSRPs on Set-A beams (or Top-K Set-A beams with respect to L1-RSRP strength) , may be determined based on defined conditions. One condition may be the predicted L1-RSRP or L1-SINR of Top-K Set-A beams is greater than measured L1-RSRP or L1-SINR of another resource by a threshold (e.g. ≥X dB) , at a given prediction cycle. For example, the threshold value may be defined or predefined or the network entity 105-a may signal via RRC signaling, MAC-CE, or DCI. In one example, the another resource may comprise the strongest measured L1-RSRP among the Set-B beams, during the same prediction cycle. In another example, the another resource may be the QCL source RS associated with the TCI-state that the UE 115-a has been instructed by the network entity 105-a to use for receiving a most recent physical downlink channel, for the given prediction cycle. The L1-RSRP of such source RS may be determined based on the most recently measured and / or reported L1-RSRP of the QCL source RS. In another example, the another resource may be separately signaled by network entity 105-a. For example, the network entity 105-a may use DCI or MAC-CE to dynamically signal the choice of the another resource, from the set of SSBs / CSI-RSs, or from any source RSs associated with the currently active TCI-states.
[0093] For the event triggered reporting of the channel report, the EPRE ratio may be defined between the Set-A beams and the another resource as a defined value (e.g., 0-db) . In some examples, the UE 115-a may receive, from the network entity 105-a, control signaling indicating the EPRE ratio between the Set-A beams and the another resource. The UE 115-a may determine the EPRE ratio between the Set-A beams and the Set-B beams which is not helpful to determine whether above triggering conditions are met as the L1-RSRP comparison between the Set-A beams and the another resource becomes meaningless.
[0094] FIG. 6 shows an example of a process flow 600 that supports energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the process flow 600 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications systems 100 and 200 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2, respectively. For example, the process flow 600 may be implemented by a network entity 105-b, which may be an example of the network entities 105 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2. The process flow 600 may be implemented by a UE 115-b, which may be an example of the UEs as described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2.
[0095] In some examples, the operations illustrated in process flow 600 may be performed by hardware (e.g., including circuitry, processing blocks, logic components, and other components) , code (e.g., software executed by a processor) , or any combination thereof. Alternative examples of the following may be implemented, where some steps are performed in a different order than described or are not performed at all. In some cases, steps may include additional features not mentioned below, or further steps may be added.
[0096] At 605, the UE 115-b may receive a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources.
[0097] At 610, the UE 115-b may optionally receive control signaling indicating one or more EPRE ratios. In some examples, the EPRE ratio may be configured for the UE.In some examples, UE 115-b may receive control signaling indicating a same EPRE ratio for the set of measurement resources and a set of prediction target resources. In some examples, UE 115-b may receive control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of prediction target resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target prediction resources, and the first EPRE ratio may be different from the second EPRE ratio. In some examples, UE 115-b may receive control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measurement resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of measurement resources, and the first EPRE ratio may be different from the second EPRE ratio. In some examples, UE 115-b may receive control signaling indicating a first plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of measurement resources and a second plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of target prediction resources.
[0098] At 615, the UE 115-b may optionally transmit control signaling indicating one or more EPRE ratios. In some examples, UE 115-b may transmit control signaling indicating a same EPRE ratio for the set of measurement resources and a set of prediction target resources. In some examples, UE 115-b may transmit control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of prediction target resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target prediction resources, and the first EPRE ratio may be different from the second EPRE ratio. In some examples, UE 115-b may transmit control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measurement resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of measurement resources, and the first EPRE ratio may be different from the second EPRE ratio. In some examples, UE 115-b may transmit control signaling indicating a first plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of measurement resources and a second plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of target prediction resources.
[0099] At 620, the UE 115-b may perform a channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of a set of prediction target resources based on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of references signals and on an EPRE ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources.
[0100] At 625, the UE 115-b may transmit, based on the channel measurement prediction, a channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction. In some examples, the UE may apply, based on the EPRE ratio, one or more EPRE offsets to the one or more predicted channel measurements. In some examples, transmitting the channel report may be based on a difference between the one or more predicted channel measurements and the one or more measurements of at least the subset of the set of references signals satisfying a threshold.
[0101] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a device 705 that supports energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communications manager 720. The device 705, or one or more components of the device 705 (e.g., the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, the communications manager 720) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0102] The receiver 710 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 705. The receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0103] The transmitter 715 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference) . In some examples, the transmitter 715 may be co-located with a receiver 710 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0104] The communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference as described herein. For example, the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0105] In some examples, the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0106] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code) . If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0107] In some examples, the communications manager 720 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both. For example, the communications manager 720 may receive information from the receiver 710, send information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0108] The communications manager 720 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing a channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of a set of prediction target resources based on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of references signals and on an energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, based on the channel measurement prediction, a channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.
[0109] By including or configuring the communications manager 720 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 705 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, the communications manager 720, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for more efficient utilization of communication resources.
[0110] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram 800 of a device 805 that supports energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 805 may be an example of aspects of a device 705 or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 805 may include a receiver 810, a transmitter 815, and a communications manager 820. The device 805, or one of more components of the device 805 (e.g., the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, the communications manager 820) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0111] The receiver 810 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 805. The receiver 810 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0112] The transmitter 815 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 805. For example, the transmitter 815 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference) . In some examples, the transmitter 815 may be co-located with a receiver 810 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 815 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0113] The device 805, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference as described herein. For example, the communications manager 820 may include a reference signals manager 825, a channel measurement prediction manager 830, a channel report manager 835, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 820 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 720 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 820, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both. For example, the communications manager 820 may receive information from the receiver 810, send information to the transmitter 815, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0114] The communications manager 820 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The reference signals manager 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources. The channel measurement prediction manager 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing a channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of a set of prediction target resources based on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of references signals and on an energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources. The channel report manager 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, based on the channel measurement prediction, a channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.
[0115] FIG. 9 shows a block diagram 900 of a communications manager 920 that supports energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 920 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 720, a communications manager 820, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 920, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference as described herein. For example, the communications manager 920 may include a reference signals manager 925, a channel measurement prediction manager 930, a channel report manager 935, an offset manager 940, a EPRE ratio manager 945, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0116] The communications manager 920 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The reference signals manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources. The channel measurement prediction manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing a channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of a set of prediction target resources based on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of references signals and on an energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources. The channel report manager 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, based on the channel measurement prediction, a channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.
[0117] In some examples, the EPRE ratio is configured for the UE.
[0118] In some examples, to support transmitting the channel report, the offset manager 940 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for applying, based on the EPRE ratio, one or more EPRE offsets to the one or more predicted channel measurements.
[0119] In some examples, the EPRE ratio manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a same EPRE ratio for the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources.
[0120] In some examples, the EPRE ratio manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of prediction target resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target prediction resources, where the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.
[0121] In some examples, the EPRE ratio manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measurement resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of measurement resources, where the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.
[0122] In some examples, the EPRE ratio manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a first set of multiple EPRE ratios associated with the set of measurement resources and a second set of multiple EPRE ratios associated with the set of target prediction resources.
[0123] In some examples, the EPRE ratio manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting control signaling indicating a same EPRE ratio for the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources.
[0124] In some examples, the EPRE ratio manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of prediction target resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target prediction resources, where the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.
[0125] In some examples, the EPRE ratio manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measurement resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of measurement resources, where the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.
[0126] In some examples, the EPRE ratio manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting control signaling indicating a first set of multiple EPRE ratios associated with the set of measurement resources and a second set of multiple EPRE ratios associated with the set of target prediction resources.
[0127] In some examples, to support transmitting the channel report, the EPRE ratio manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the channel report based on a difference between the one or more predicted channel measurements and the one or more measurements of at least the subset of the set of references signals satisfying a threshold.
[0128] FIG. 10 shows a diagram of a system 1000 including a device 1005 that supports energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1005 may be an example of or include components of a device 705, a device 805, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 1005 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more other devices (e.g., network entities 105, UEs 115, or a combination thereof) . The device 1005 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 1020, an input / output (I / O) controller, such as an I / O controller 1010, a transceiver 1015, one or more antennas 1025, at least one memory 1030, code 1035, and at least one processor 1040. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1045) .
[0129] The I / O controller 1010 may manage input and output signals for the device 1005. The I / O controller 1010 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 1005. In some cases, the I / O controller 1010 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 1010 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 1010 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 1010 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 1040. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 1005 via the I / O controller 1010 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1010.
[0130] In some cases, the device 1005 may include a single antenna. However, in some other cases, the device 1005 may have more than one antenna, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1015 may communicate bi-directionally via the one or more antennas 1025 using wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1015 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1015 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1025 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1025. The transceiver 1015, or the transceiver 1015 and one or more antennas 1025, may be an example of a transmitter 715, a transmitter 815, a receiver 710, a receiver 810, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0131] The at least one memory 1030 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The at least one memory 1030 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 1035. The code 1035 may include instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 1040, cause the device 1005 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1035 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1035 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 1040 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1030 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0132] The at least one processor 1040 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 1040 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 1040. The at least one processor 1040 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 1030) to cause the device 1005 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference) . For example, the device 1005 or a component of the device 1005 may include at least one processor 1040 and at least one memory 1030 coupled with or to the at least one processor 1040, the at least one processor 1040 and the at least one memory 1030 configured to perform various functions described herein.
[0133] In some examples, the at least one processor 1040 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1030 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1040 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 1040) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 1030) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 1040 or a processing system including the at least one processor 1040 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 1005 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code 1035 (e.g., processor-executable code) stored in the at least one memory 1030 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0134] The communications manager 1020 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing a channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of a set of prediction target resources based on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of references signals and on an energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, based on the channel measurement prediction, a channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.
[0135] By including or configuring the communications manager 1020 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1005 may support techniques for improved communication reliability, more efficient utilization of communication resources, and improved coordination between devices.
[0136] In some examples, the communications manager 1020 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1015, the one or more antennas 1025, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1020 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1020 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 1040, the at least one memory 1030, the code 1035, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1035 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 1040 to cause the device 1005 to perform various aspects of energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference as described herein, or the at least one processor 1040 and the at least one memory 1030 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0137] FIG. 11 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1100 that supports energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0138] At 1105, the method may include receiving a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources. The operations of 1105 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1105 may be performed by a reference signals manager 925 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0139] At 1110, the method may include performing a channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of a set of prediction target resources based on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of references signals and on an energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources. The operations of 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a channel measurement prediction manager 930 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0140] At 1115, the method may include transmitting, based on the channel measurement prediction, a channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction. The operations of 1115 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1115 may be performed by a channel report manager 935 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0141] FIG. 12 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1200 that supports energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0142] At 1205, the method may include receiving a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources. The operations of 1205 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1205 may be performed by a reference signals manager 925 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0143] At 1210, the method may include receiving, prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a same EPRE ratio for the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources. The operations of 1210 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by a EPRE ratio manager 945 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0144] At 1215, the method may include performing a channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of a set of prediction target resources based on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of references signals and on an energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources. The operations of 1215 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1215 may be performed by a channel measurement prediction manager 930 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0145] At 1220, the method may include transmitting, based on the channel measurement prediction, a channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction. The operations of 1220 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1220 may be performed by a channel report manager 935 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0146] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0147] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication by a UE, comprising: receiving a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources; performing a channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of a set of prediction target resources based at least in part on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of references signals and on an energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources; and transmitting, based on the channel measurement prediction, a channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.
[0148] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein the EPRE ratio is configured for the UE.
[0149] Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1 through 2, wherein transmitting the channel report comprises: applying, based at least in part on the EPRE ratio, one or more EPRE offsets to the one or more predicted channel measurements.
[0150] Aspect 4: The method of any of aspects 1 through 3, further comprising: receiving, prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a same EPRE ratio for the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources.
[0151] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 through 4, further comprising: receiving, prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of prediction target resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target prediction resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.
[0152] Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, further comprising: receiving, prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measurement resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of measurement resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.
[0153] Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 1 through 6, further comprising: receiving, prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a first plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of measurement resources and a second plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of target prediction resources.
[0154] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 1 through 7, further comprising: transmitting control signaling indicating a same EPRE ratio for the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources.
[0155] Aspect 9: The method of any of aspects 1 through 8, further comprising: transmitting control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of prediction target resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target prediction resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.
[0156] Aspect 10: The method of any of aspects 1 through 9, further comprising: transmitting control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measurement resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of measurement resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.
[0157] Aspect 11: The method of any of aspects 1 through 10, further comprising: transmitting control signaling indicating a first plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of measurement resources and a second plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of target prediction resources.
[0158] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 1 through 11, wherein transmitting the channel report comprises: transmitting the channel report based at least in part on a difference between the one or more predicted channel measurements and the one or more measurements of at least the subset of the set of references signals satisfying a threshold.
[0159] Aspect 13: A UE for wireless communication, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 12.
[0160] Aspect 14: A UE for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 12.
[0161] Aspect 15: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 12.
[0162] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations. The operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0163] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0164] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0165] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a neural processing unit (NPU) , an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0166] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0167] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0168] As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”
[0169] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “a component” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “a component” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0170] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , ascertaining, and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) , and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0171] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label or other subsequent reference label.
[0172] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some figures, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0173] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) , comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources;perform a channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of a set of prediction target resources based at least in part on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of references signals and on an energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources; andtransmit, based on the channel measurement prediction, a channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein the EPRE ratio is configured for the UE.3.The UE of claim 1, wherein, to transmit the channel report, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:apply, based at least in part on the EPRE ratio, one or more EPRE offsets to the one or more predicted channel measurements.4.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive, prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a same EPRE ratio for the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources.5.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive, prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of prediction target resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target prediction resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.6.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive, prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measurement resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of measurement resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.7.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive, prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a first plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of measurement resources and a second plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of target prediction resources.8.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:transmit control signaling indicating a same EPRE ratio for the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources.9.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:transmit control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of prediction target resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target prediction resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.10.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:transmit control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measurement resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of measurement resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.11.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:transmit control signaling indicating a first plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of measurement resources and a second plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of target prediction resources.12.The UE of claim 1, wherein, to transmit the channel report, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:transmit the channel report based at least in part on a difference between the one or more predicted channel measurements and the one or more measurements of at least the subset of the set of references signals satisfying a threshold.13.A method for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:receiving a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources;performing a channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of a set of prediction target resources based at least in part on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of references signals and on an energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources; andtransmitting, based on the channel measurement prediction, a channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.14.The method of claim 13, wherein the EPRE ratio is configured for the UE.15.The method of claim 13, wherein transmitting the channel report comprises:applying, based at least in part on the EPRE ratio, one or more EPRE offsets to the one or more predicted channel measurements.16.The method of claim 13, further comprising:receiving, prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a same EPRE ratio for the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources.17.The method of claim 13, further comprising:receiving, prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of prediction target resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target prediction resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.18.The method of claim 13, further comprising:receiving, prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measurement resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of measurement resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.19.The method of claim 13, further comprising:receiving, prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling indicating a first plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of measurement resources and a second plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of target prediction resources.20.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to:receive a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources;perform a channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of a set of prediction target resources based at least in part on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of references signals and on an energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources; andtransmit, based on the channel measurement prediction, a channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.
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