Method for reconstructing wild population of taxus chinensis var. mairei

Abstract

The present application provides a method for reconstructing wild population of Taxus chinensis var. mairei, wherein a seedling cultivation technique is simple and achieves a high seed germination rate, enabling mass propagation of high-quality seedlings to supply sufficient seedling materials for the wild reintroduction of Taxus chinensis var. mairei; a hardening-off technique enhances stress resistance of the seedlings and shortens the cultivation cycle required for the seedlings to reach standard seedling specifications; a wild acclimatization technique improves adaptability of the seedlings and elevates quality of the Taxus chinensis var. mairei seedlings; both a reintroduction site habitat restoration technique and a wild reintroduction technique help to improve survival rate of the Taxus chinensis var. mairei. By means of the population reconstruction process comprising the seedling cultivation, the hardening-off and wild acclimatization, the reintroduction site habitat restoration, and the wild reintroduction, survival rate of the Taxus chinensis var. mairei is improved, thereby successfully reconstructing the wild population of Taxus chinensis var. mairei.

Description

A method for reestablishing a wild population of Taxus chinensis var. mairei

[0001] The present application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 202410479584.9 filed on April 18, 2024, and entitled "A method for reestablishing a wild population of Taxus chinensis var. mairei", the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to the field of plant wild return technology, and in particular to a method for reestablishing a wild population of Taxus chinensis var. mairei. BACKGROUND

[0003] Taxus chinensis var. mairei is a national Grade I protected wild plant and has high ornamental value. Paclitaxel extracted from Taxus chinensis var. mairei is effective for treating breast cancer and ovarian cancer and is a world-recognized natural anticancer effective component. The seed germination time of Taxus chinensis var. mairei in a natural state is as long as more than 2 years, and the natural regeneration capacity of the wild population is weak. In addition, due to human factors, the wild resources of Taxus chinensis var. mairei have rapidly decreased, the population quantity has sharply reduced, and the population quantity cannot be naturally expanded and a new population cannot be formed.

[0004] Wild return is an effective way to reestablish a wild population and can effectively expand the population quantity. However, the survival rate of Taxus chinensis var. mairei in the wild return cannot be guaranteed by the conventional wild return method. Therefore, how to improve the survival rate of Taxus chinensis var. mairei in the wild return and construct a wild population of Taxus chinensis var. mairei is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.

[0005] SUMMARY

[0006] The present application provides a method for reestablishing a wild population of Taxus chinensis var. mairei. Through the population reestablishing process of seedling cultivation, seedling hardening and wild acclimation, habitat restoration and wild return, the survival rate of Taxus chinensis var. mairei can be improved, and the wild population of Taxus chinensis var. mairei can be successfully reestablished.

[0007] The present application provides a method for reestablishing a wild population of Taxus chinensis var. mairei, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1, seedling cultivation: the seeds of Taxus chinensis var. mairei are sowed in a seedbed and covered with soil, and seedlings are obtained after the seeds grow;

[0009] The seedbed is constructed in an open-air environment. The substrate of the seedbed is composed of peat, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 2:1:2, and the depth of the seedbed substrate is 60-80 cm.

[0010] Step 2, seedling and field acclimation: the seedlings are moved into nutrient pots for seedling, and seedlings are obtained; the nutrient pots containing the seedlings are moved to the return land and placed under the forest for 1 week of field acclimation, and the seedlings after field acclimation are obtained;

[0011] The selection criteria of the return land are that the under-forest gap has a canopy coverage of 60%-70%, the height of the canopy branch is not less than 3 m, the slope direction is shady and the slope gradient is kept at a gentle slope of 5°-15°, the soil surface has a humus layer, and the soil layer thickness is more than 50 cm;

[0012] Step 3, habitat restoration of the return land: the return land is subjected to habitat restoration;

[0013] Step 4, field return: the seedlings after field acclimation are taken out of the nutrient pots and planted in the return land after habitat restoration, and the field population reconstruction of Taxus wallichiana is completed.

[0014] Firstly, a large number of high-quality seedlings are bred by using the seedling cultivation technology with simple method, then the seedling resistance is improved and the seedling adaptability is enhanced by using the seedling and field acclimation technology, and finally the survival rate of Taxus wallichiana is improved by using the habitat restoration technology of the return land and the field return technology, and the field population of Taxus wallichiana is successfully reconstructed.

[0015] In one specific embodiment, the method for reconstructing the field population of Taxus wallichiana provided by the application specifically comprises the following steps:

[0016] Step 1, seedling cultivation: the seeds of Taxus wallichiana are sowed on a seedbed and covered with soil, and seedlings are obtained after the seeds grow.

[0017] According to the embodiments of the application, the method for obtaining the seeds of Taxus wallichiana specifically comprises the following steps: selecting a Taxus wallichiana mother tree with a tree age of 15-20 years, collecting mature seeds, removing the false seed coat, and sanding the seeds after removing the false seed coat to the seed cracking, to obtain the seeds of Taxus wallichiana.

[0018] In order to improve the survival rate of Taxus wallichiana in the field return, a good Taxus wallichiana mother tree is selected, i.e., a Taxus wallichiana mother tree with good growth state, no pests and diseases, straight main stem and full seeds is selected.

[0019] The mature seeds are collected from the good Taxus wallichiana mother tree, and the false seed coat of the seeds will hinder the seed water absorption and affect the seed germination, so the false seed coat of the seeds needs to be removed first.

[0020] The seed after removing the testa is sand-stored. The sand-storing method, also known as low-temperature layering treatment, refers to burying the seed in wet sand and placing it in 1-10°C for 1-3 months. Under the sand-storing condition, the oxygen solubility increases, the seed is de-hibernated, the seed coat is softened, and the permeability is increased, so that the sand-storing method can improve the germination rate of the seed.

[0021] According to the embodiment of the present application, the testa to be sand-stored is broken and forms a seed crack, i.e., the seed of Taxus wallichiana is obtained, which is sowed in the seedbed in the way of strip sowing and covered with soil.

[0022] Among them, strip sowing refers to sowing the seed uniformly into a long strip, keeping a certain distance between the rows, and leaving a raised sowing mode between the rows. Strip sowing is the most commonly used sowing mode, which can basically guarantee ventilation and light transmission, and the operation of thinning and weeding is also relatively convenient.

[0023] In order to improve the survival rate of Taxus wallichiana returning to the wild, and make Taxus wallichiana adapt to the open-air environment during the period from seed to seedling, the seedbed in the present application is constructed in the open-air environment.

[0024] Further, the substrate of the seedbed is composed of peat, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 2:1:2, and the depth of the seedbed substrate is 60-80 cm.

[0025] Because the testa of the seed after sand-storing is broken and forms a crack, the embryo is exposed, and the embryo is easy to lose water for a long time exposed in the air, therefore, the seed of Taxus wallichiana needs to be covered with soil after sowing in the seedbed.

[0026] Further, the covering soil is composed of peat, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 1:1:3, and the thickness of the covering soil is 0.6-1 cm.

[0027] According to the embodiment of the present application, after sowing and covering with soil, the seed grows, and the seedling with a height of 5 cm is obtained.

[0028] Step 2, seedling training and field acclimation: the seedling is moved into a nutrition pot for seedling training, and a seedling is obtained; the nutrition pot containing the seedling is moved to the returning site and placed under the forest for 1 week of field acclimation, and a field-acclimated seedling is obtained.

[0029] Among them, the nutrition pot refers to a pot-shaped object containing the nutrients required for the growth of the seedling.

[0030] Further, the substrate of the nutrition pot is composed of peat, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 2:1:3.

[0031] In order to improve the survival rate of Taxus wallichiana returning to the wild, and make Taxus wallichiana adapt to the open-air environment during the period of seedling training, the nutrition pot in the present application is placed in the open-air environment during the period of seedling training.

[0032] Hardening-off refers to the process of forcibly training the seedlings by taking measures such as air release, temperature reduction, and appropriate water control, so that the seedlings can quickly adapt to the adverse environmental conditions on land after planting, shorten the hardening-off time, and enhance the resistance of the seedlings to low temperature, strong wind, and the like.

[0033] According to the embodiments of the present application, the hardening-off specifically includes the following steps:

[0034] After the seedlings reach a height of 5 cm, 2 g of urea is applied to each seedling, and 1 time of water is poured through every 2-3 days;

[0035] After the seedlings reach a height of 15 cm, 5 g of urea is applied to each seedling, and 1 time of water is poured through every 4-5 days;

[0036] After the seedlings reach a height of 25 cm, 1 g of dihydrogen potassium phosphate and 2 g of superphosphate are applied to each seedling, and 1 time of water is poured through every 8-10 days.

[0037] The urea is a high-concentration nitrogen fertilizer, which is a neutral quick-acting fertilizer and can promote cell division and growth, so that the branches and leaves grow luxuriantly. The dihydrogen potassium phosphate is a commonly used phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, which can be rapidly absorbed and utilized by the plant roots and promote the development of the plant roots. The superphosphate is a common fertilizer containing phosphorus and a small amount of calcium and other nutrients, which is an acidic chemical fertilizer and can be quickly absorbed and utilized by the plants.

[0038] In addition, as the seedlings grow, the water pouring frequency is continuously reduced, which can improve the stress resistance of the seedlings and achieve the purpose of hardening-off.

[0039] According to the embodiments of the present application, when the seedlings reach a height of 30 cm, the fertilization is stopped, and the seedlings of Taxus wallichiana var. mucronifera to be returned are selected.

[0040] Specifically, the selection standard of the seedlings of Taxus wallichiana var. mucronifera to be returned is that the stem is straight, the crown is full, the degree of lignification is good, and the ground diameter is more than 0.4 cm.

[0041] According to the embodiments of the present application, after the fertilization is stopped for 1 month, the nutrient pots containing the seedlings are moved to the returning land and placed under the forest for 1 week of field domestication, during which no artificial intervention is performed, so that the seedlings adapt to the natural habitat of the returning land and achieve the purpose of field domestication, and finally the seedlings after field domestication are obtained.

[0042] The selection standard of the returning land is that the forest gap under the forest canopy has a canopy density of 60%-70%, the height of the forest canopy is not less than 3 m, the slope direction is shady and the slope gradient is kept at a gentle slope of 5°-15°, the soil surface has a certain humus layer, and the soil layer thickness is more than 50 cm.

[0043] Step 3, habitat restoration of the returning land: the habitat of the returning land is restored.

[0044] The habitat restoration of the returning land refers to taking effective measures to restore and rebuild the damaged habitat, so as to improve the worsening state and help to improve the returning effect of the Taxus chinensis var. mairei seedlings.

[0045] According to the embodiments of the present application, the habitat restoration of the returning land specifically includes: removing the competing plants and / or stones of the returning land, tidying up and filling the returning land, and restoring the soil degradation of the returning land.

[0046] Further, the restoration of the soil degradation of the returning land specifically includes at least one of the following: sowing nitrogen-fixing herbaceous plants, applying organic fertilizer, and using guest soil. Those skilled in the art can select appropriate measures to restore the degraded soil of the returning land according to the soil degradation, for example, for the mild degradation soil (the relative percentage reduction rate of organic matter content is between 10% and 20%), the restoration is performed by sowing nitrogen-fixing herbaceous plants; for the moderate degradation soil (the relative percentage reduction rate of organic matter content is between 20% and 40%), the restoration is performed by applying organic fertilizer; and for the severe degradation soil (the relative percentage reduction rate of organic matter content is more than 40%), the restoration is performed by using guest soil.

[0047] Step 4, field returning: the seedlings after field domestication are taken out of the nutrient pots and planted in the returning land after habitat restoration, so as to complete the field population reconstruction of Taxus chinensis var. mairei.

[0048] In order to improve the survival rate of Taxus chinensis var. mairei, the planting time is from September to October.

[0049] According to the embodiments of the present application, the planting specifically includes the following steps:

[0050] Step 4-1, digging a tree hole in the returning land after habitat restoration.

[0051] The diameter of the tree hole is not less than 40 cm, and the depth is not less than 50 cm, so as to cover at least the root of the seedling.

[0052] Step 4-2, taking out the seedling after field domestication from the nutrient pot and transplanting it into the tree hole, covering the soil to half the height of the tree hole, then tamping the soil, filling the remaining soil in the tree hole, trimming the tree pool cofferdam, and watering once.

[0053] Step 4-3, after the planting is completed, the returning land is subjected to environment modification simulating the original habitat.

[0054] The environment modification simulating the original habitat of the returning land helps to improve the survival rate of the seedling.

[0055] Specifically, after planting is completed, according to the wild Taxus chinensis habitat investigation data (soil porosity, soil hardness, soil pH, light intensity, and analysis results of macroelement and microelement content), the regression land is simulated to the environment of the original land, that is, the soil is loosened to increase the soil porosity and reduce the hardness, the soil element content obtained by analysis is used to increase the application of related element fertilizer, and 50% of the carbendazim powder 20 g per square meter is applied to disinfect the soil.

[0056] Step 4-4, watering, fertilizing and disease and pest control monitoring are performed on the planted Taxus chinensis.

[0057] Among them, the period can be selected by the person skilled in the art according to the growth of Taxus chinensis and the environment of the regression land, for example, watering once every 1 month for 6 months after regression, applying fertilizer once in February and July of the second year after regression, and carrying out disease and pest control once every 2 months after regression.

[0058] Step 4-5, a shading net is set up for Taxus chinensis in the spring of the second year after planting, and the shading net is removed after winter of the second year.

[0059] Among them, the shading net has a shading rate of 80%-90%, and the height of the shading net from Taxus chinensis is 50 cm-70 cm. The presence of the shading net can effectively reduce the occurrence of light stress phenomena such as strong light burn.

[0060] According to the specific embodiments of the present application, the above method further includes monitoring and management, specifically including: recording the growth of Taxus chinensis, and the recording content includes seedling height, ground diameter, crown width, and growth condition; recording the environmental conditions of the regression land, and the recording content includes temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed, and light duration.

[0061] The Taxus chinensis seedlings planted in the regression land are monitored and managed, which can timely feedback the growth of the seedlings, facilitate the management and protection of the wild Taxus chinensis, and also provide scientific evaluation data for the method of reestablishing the wild population of Taxus chinensis.

[0062] In summary, the present application provides a method for reestablishing the wild population of Taxus chinensis, which has the following advantages:

[0063] (1) Through the seedling cultivation, seedling training and wild domestication, habitat repair of the regression land, and the population reestablishment process of the wild regression, the survival rate of Taxus chinensis can be improved, and the wild population of Taxus chinensis can be successfully reestablished.

[0064] (2) A seedling cultivation technology with simple method and high seed germination rate is provided, and a large number of high-quality seedlings can be bred by using the technology, which provides a large amount of seedling materials for the wild regression of Taxus chinensis.

[0065] (3) Propose a suitable for Taxus chinensis var. mairei field back to the wild seedling and field acclimation technology, through fine management mode for seedling, can improve the resistance of seedlings, shorten the cultivation cycle of seedlings to reach standard seedling; using field acclimation technology, can enhance the adaptability of seedlings, improve the quality of Taxus chinensis var. mairei seedlings.

[0066] (4) Propose a habitat repair and back to the wild technology of Taxus chinensis var. mairei, which can effectively improve the survival rate of Taxus chinensis var. mairei. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0067] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creative labor.

[0068] Fig. 1 is Taxus chinensis var. mairei seed, seed coat and Taxus chinensis var. mairei seed from left to right in example 1 after removing the seed coat;

[0069] Fig. 2 is the sand storage of Taxus chinensis var. mairei seed after removing the seed coat in example 1;

[0070] Fig. 3 is the seedbed built in the open field environment in example 1;

[0071] Fig. 4 is the back to the wild situation in example 1;

[0072] Fig. 5 is the field acclimation of the nutrient pot containing Taxus chinensis var. mairei seedlings under the forest in example 1;

[0073] Fig. 6 is the field back to the wild situation in example 1;

[0074] Fig. 7 is the field back to the wild situation after 2 years in example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0075] In order for those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below. The following specific embodiments are only used to describe the principles and characteristics of the present application, and the examples are used to explain the present application, not to limit the scope of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0076] For the convenience of understanding, first, the related technical terms involved in the embodiments of the present application are explained and described.

[0077] In the present application, the germination rate refers to the proportion of the number of seeds germinated during seedling cultivation to the total number of seeds sown, expressed in percentage (%).

[0078] In the present application, the survival rate refers to the proportion of the number of surviving Taxus chinensis var. mairei after returning to the wild for two years to the total number of seedlings planted at the time of returning to the wild, expressed in percentage (%).

[0079] In the present application, the ground diameter refers to the diameter of Taxus chinensis var. mairei at a distance of 10 cm from the ground, expressed in centimeters (cm).

[0080] In the present application, the plant height refers to the distance from the root neck to the top of Taxus chinensis var. mairei, wherein the top refers to the top of the main stem, expressed in centimeters (cm).

[0081] In the present application, the crown width refers to the average of the north-south and east-west width of Taxus chinensis var. mairei, expressed in centimeters (cm).

[0082] In the present application, the population area refers to the total area of the same species distributed in a specific area at the same time, expressed in square meters (m 2 ).

[0083] In the present application, the non-population refers to a population area less than 100 m 2 , i.e., less than the minimum population area, thus there is a risk of population extinction.

[0084] Example 1:

[0085] The present embodiment provides a method for reconstructing a wild population of Taxus chinensis var. mairei, comprising the following steps:

[0086] (1) Seedling cultivation

[0087] Select Taxus chinensis var. mairei mother trees with a tree age of 15-20 years, good growth state, no pests and diseases, straight main stem, and full seeds. As shown in Figure 1, collect deep red and mature Taxus chinensis var. mairei seeds and remove the false seed coat. As shown in Figure 2, sand the Taxus chinensis var. mairei seeds after removing the false seed coat to the seed crack. As shown in Figure 3, construct a nursery bed in an open-air environment, and the nursery bed substrate is composed of peat, vermiculite, and perlite in a volume ratio of 2:1:2, and the depth of the nursery bed substrate is 60-80 cm. The sand-stored Taxus chinensis var. mairei seeds are sown in the nursery bed in a strip sowing manner and covered with soil, and the soil cover is composed of peat, vermiculite, and perlite in a volume ratio of 1:1:3, and the thickness of the soil cover is 0.6-1 cm. After 15 days of cultivation, the seedlings in the nursery bed reach a height of 5 cm, and seedlings are obtained.

[0088] (2) Seedling training and wild acclimation

[0089] The seedlings are transplanted into nutrient pots for hardening-off, 2 g of urea is applied to each seedling, and the pots are watered thoroughly every 2-3 days. The substrate of the nutrient pots is composed of peat, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 2:1:3, and the nutrient pots are placed in the open field during the hardening-off period. When the seedlings in the nutrient pots reach a height of 15 cm, 5 g of urea is applied to each seedling, and the pots are watered thoroughly every 4-5 days. When the seedlings in the nutrient pots reach a height of 25 cm, 1 g of dihydrogen potassium phosphate and 2 g of superphosphate are applied to each seedling, and the pots are watered thoroughly every 8-10 days. When the seedlings in the nutrient pots reach a height of 30 cm, the fertilization is stopped, and the seedlings that are straight and dry, have a full crown, good degree of lignification, and a ground diameter of more than 0.4 cm are selected for returning to the south.

[0090] As shown in FIG. 4, the criteria for selecting the returning site are a forest gap with a canopy coverage of 60%-70% and a canopy branch height of not less than 3 m; a shady slope with a slope of 5°-15°; and a soil surface with a certain humus layer and a soil layer thickness of more than 50 cm. As shown in FIG. 5, after stopping the fertilization for one month, the nutrient pots containing the seedlings to be returned to the south are moved to the returning site and placed under the natural forest for one week of field acclimation, during which no artificial management or intervention is performed, and the seedlings acclimated in the field are obtained.

[0091] (3) Habitat restoration of the returning site

[0092] The surface shrubs and pioneer herbaceous plants of the returning site are removed, the surface stones and large stones in the soil of the returning site are removed, and the concave areas of the returning site are leveled. For the slightly degraded soil (the relative percentage reduction rate of organic matter content is between 10%-20%), the nitrogen-fixing herbaceous plants are seeded for restoration; for the moderately degraded soil (the relative percentage reduction rate of organic matter content is between 20%-40%), the organic fertilizer is applied for restoration; and for the severely degraded soil (the relative percentage reduction rate of organic matter content is more than 40%), the guest soil method is used for restoration.

[0093] (4) Field returning

[0094] As shown in Figure 6, in September-October, the field return of Taxus wallichiana seedlings is carried out. First, the tree hole is dug in the return habitat after habitat restoration, and the specification of the tree hole is 40 cm in diameter and 50 cm in depth. The field domesticated seedlings are removed from the nutrient pot and placed in the center of the tree hole. After covering the soil to half the height of the tree hole, the soil is tamped, and the remaining half of the soil is filled into the tree hole, and the tree pool cofferdam is trimmed. After planting, according to the habitat investigation data of wild Taxus wallichiana (analysis results of soil porosity, soil hardness, soil pH, light intensity, and content of macroelements and trace elements), the environment of the return habitat is simulated to the original habitat, that is, the soil is loosened to increase the soil porosity and reduce the hardness. According to the analysis of the soil element content, the relevant element fertilizer is applied, and 50% of the carbendazim powder 20 g per square meter is applied for soil disinfection. After returning, water is poured once every 1 month and maintained for 6 months. In the second year, fertilization is carried out once in February and July, respectively. After returning, disease and pest control is carried out every 2 months. In the second spring, a shading net is set up, and the shading rate of the shading net is 80%-90%. The distance between the shading net and Taxus wallichiana is 50-70 cm. After the second winter, the shading net is removed.

[0095] (5) Monitoring management

[0096] The growth of Taxus wallichiana is recorded once a month, and the recording content includes seedling height, ground diameter, crown width, and growth condition. The environmental conditions of the return habitat are recorded once a month, and the recording content includes temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed, and light duration. As shown in Figure 7, the Taxus wallichiana returned for two years is comprehensively evaluated in combination with the recorded growth of Taxus wallichiana and the environmental conditions of the return habitat every month after returning.

[0097] As shown in Table 1, after returning for two years, the survival rate of Taxus wallichiana reaches 92%, and the total population area formed is 800 m 2 .

[0098] Comparative Example 1

[0099] The Taxus wallichiana field population reconstruction method provided in this comparative example can refer to Example 1, and the difference is that the step 1 is different, specifically:

[0100] (1) Seedling cultivation

[0101] Select the mother tree of Taxus wallichiana with the age of 15-20 years, good growth state, no disease and insect pests, straight main stem and full seeds. Collect the deep red and mature Taxus wallichiana seeds and remove the false seed coat. Sand the Taxus wallichiana seeds after removing the false seed coat to the seed crack. Construct the seedbed in the open field environment, and the seedbed substrate is composed of peat, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 2:1:2, and the depth of the seedbed substrate is 60-80 cm. Sow the sand-stored Taxus wallichiana seeds in the seedbed in the way of strip sowing, and obtain the seedlings after 15 days of cultivation.

[0102] Comparing the experimental results of Comparative Example 1 and Example 1, it can be known that no soil covering after sowing will cause the seed germination rate to decrease greatly, and the seedling height cannot reach 5 cm after 15 days of cultivation. As shown in Table 1, after two years of regression, the survival rate of Taxus wallichiana is only 46%, and the diameter at breast height, height and crown width of Taxus wallichiana all decrease greatly, and no population is formed.

[0103] Comparative Example 2:

[0104] The method for reconstructing the wild population of Taxus wallichiana provided in the present comparative example can refer to Example 1, and the difference lies in step 1, which is specifically as follows:

[0105] (1) Seedling cultivation

[0106] Select the mother tree of Taxus wallichiana with the age of 15-20 years, good growth state, no disease and insect pests, straight main stem and full seeds. Collect the deep red and mature Taxus wallichiana seeds and remove the false seed coat. Sand the Taxus wallichiana seeds after removing the false seed coat to the seed crack. Construct the seedbed in the open field environment, and the seedbed substrate is composed of peat, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 2:1:2, and the depth of the seedbed substrate is 60-80 cm. Sow the sand-stored Taxus wallichiana seeds in the seedbed in the way of strip sowing, and obtain the seedlings after 15 days of cultivation.

[0107] Comparing the experimental results of Comparative Example 2 and Example 1, it can be known that after replacing the seedbed substrate with peat and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 1:3 and replacing the soil covering with peat and perlite in a volume ratio of 2:1, the seed germination rate decreases greatly. As shown in Table 1, after two years of regression, the survival rate of Taxus wallichiana is only 61%, and the diameter at breast height, height and crown width of Taxus wallichiana all decrease greatly, and the total population area is 200 m 2 .

[0108] Comparative Example 3:

[0109] The method for reconstructing the wild population of Taxus wallichiana provided in the present comparative example can refer to Example 1, and the difference lies in step 2, which is specifically as follows:

[0110] (2)Acclimation and field domestication

[0111] The seedlings were transplanted into nutrient pots for acclimation, watered once every half month, and 5 g of urea was applied per seedling every half year during the acclimation period. The substrate of the nutrient pots was composed of peat, vermiculite, and perlite in a volume ratio of 2:1:3, and the nutrient pots were placed in the open field environment during the acclimation period. When the seedlings in the nutrient pots reached a height of 30 cm, the fertilization was stopped, and seedlings with straight and dry stems, full canopies, good lignification, and a diameter exceeding 0.4 cm were selected as the seedlings to be returned to the south.

[0112] The criteria for the return site were a forest gap with a canopy coverage of 60%-70% and a canopy branch height of not less than 3 m; a shady slope with a slope of 5°-15°; and a soil surface with a certain humus layer and a soil layer thickness of more than 50 cm. After one month of stopping fertilization, the nutrient pots containing the seedlings to be returned to the south were moved to the return site and placed under natural forest trees for one week of field domestication without any artificial management and intervention, and the seedlings after field domestication were obtained.

[0113] Comparing the experimental results of Comparative Example 3 and Example 1, it can be seen that when the seedlings are watered once every half month and fertilized once every half year during the acclimation period, the cultivation period required for the seedlings to reach the selection criteria of the seedlings to be returned to the south is longer. As shown in Table 1, after two years of return, the survival rate of Taxus wallichiana was only 64%, and the diameter, height, and crown width of Taxus wallichiana were all significantly reduced, and the total population area was only 190 m 2 .

[0114] Comparative Example 4

[0115] The method for reconstructing a wild population of Taxus wallichiana provided in this comparative example can refer to Example 1, except that step 2 is different, specifically:

[0116] (2)Acclimation and field domestication

[0117] The seedlings were transplanted into nutrient pots for acclimation, 2 g of urea was applied per seedling, and the seedlings were watered once every 2-3 days. The substrate of the nutrient pots was composed of peat, vermiculite, and perlite in a volume ratio of 2:1:3, and the nutrient pots were placed in the open field environment during the acclimation period. When the seedlings in the nutrient pots reached a height of 15 cm, 5 g of urea was applied per seedling, and the seedlings were watered once every 4-5 days. When the seedlings in the nutrient pots reached a height of 25 cm, 1 g of dihydrogen potassium phosphate and 2 g of superphosphate were applied per seedling, and the seedlings were watered once every 8-10 days. When the seedlings in the nutrient pots reached a height of 30 cm, the fertilization was stopped, and seedlings with straight and dry stems, full canopies, good lignification, and a diameter exceeding 0.4 cm were selected as the seedlings to be returned to the south.

[0118] The standard for selecting the regression site is a forest gap with 60%-70% canopy density, a canopy branch height of not less than 3 m, a shady slope direction and a gentle slope with a slope of 5°-15°, and a soil surface with a certain humus layer and a soil layer thickness of more than 50 cm. After stopping fertilization for 1 month, field regression is performed.

[0119] Comparing the experimental results of Comparative Example 4 and Example 1, it can be seen that if the 1-week field domestication is not performed, the Taxus wallichiana will appear wilting for one week after regression, and the survival rate is low. As shown in Table 1, after two years of regression, the survival rate of the Taxus wallichiana is only 56%, and the ground diameter, plant height and crown width of the Taxus wallichiana are all greatly reduced, and the total population area formed is only 130 m 2 .

[0120] Comparative Example 5:

[0121] The method for reconstructing a Taxus wallichiana field population provided in the present comparative example can refer to Example 1, and the difference is that step 2 is different, specifically:

[0122] (2) Seedling hardening and field domestication

[0123] The seedlings are moved into nutrient pots for seedling hardening, 2 g of urea is applied to each seedling, and 1 time of watering is performed every 2-3 days, wherein the substrate of the nutrient pot is composed of peat, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 2:1:3, and the nutrient pot is placed in the open field environment during the seedling hardening period. After the seedlings in the nutrient pot grow to a height of 15 cm, 5 g of urea is applied to each seedling, and 1 time of watering is performed every 4-5 days. After the seedlings in the nutrient pot grow to a height of 25 cm, 1 g of dihydrogen potassium phosphate and 2 g of superphosphate are applied to each seedling, and 1 time of watering is performed every 8-10 days. When the seedlings in the nutrient pot grow to a height of 30 cm, fertilization is stopped, and the Taxus wallichiana seedlings to be regressed are selected, which are dry and straight, have full and plump crowns, have good lignification, and have a ground diameter of more than 0.4 cm.

[0124] The standard for selecting the regression site is a forest gap with 60%-70% canopy density, a canopy branch height of not less than 3 m, a shady slope direction and a gentle slope with a slope of 5°-15°, and a soil surface with a certain humus layer and a soil layer thickness of more than 50 cm. After stopping fertilization for 1 month, field regression is performed.

[0125] Comparing the experimental results of Comparative Example 5 and Example 1, it can be seen that if the canopy density of the forest gap in the standard for selecting the regression site is changed to 30%-40%, the survival rate of the Taxus wallichiana after regression will be low. As shown in Table 1, after two years of regression, the survival rate of the Taxus wallichiana is only 47%, and the ground diameter, plant height and crown width of the Taxus wallichiana are all greatly reduced, and no population is formed.

[0126] Comparative Example 6:

[0127] The method for reestablishing a wild population of Taxus wallichiana provided in this comparative example can refer to Example 1, except that step 3 is not performed.

[0128] Comparing the experimental results of Comparative Example 6 and Example 1, it can be seen that not performing habitat restoration will result in a low survival rate of Taxus wallichiana after the return. As shown in Table 1, two years after the return, the survival rate of Taxus wallichiana was only 54%, and the ground diameter, height and crown width of Taxus wallichiana were greatly reduced, and the total population area was 110m 2 .

[0129] Comparative Example 7:

[0130] The method for reestablishing a wild population of Taxus wallichiana provided in this comparative example can refer to Example 1, except that step 4 is different, specifically:

[0131] (4) Field return

[0132] In September-October, the field return of Taxus wallichiana seedlings is performed. First, tree holes are dug in the habitat-restored return land, and the specifications of the tree holes are 40 cm in diameter and 50 cm in depth. The wild acclimated seedlings are removed from the nutrient pots and placed in the center of the tree holes. The soil is tamped to half the height of the tree hole, and the remaining half of the soil is filled into the tree hole and trimmed to form a tree pool weir. Water is poured once every 1 month for 6 months after the return, and fertilization is performed once in February and July of the second year after the return. Disease and pest control is carried out every 2 months after the return. In the spring of the second year, a shading net is set up, and the shading rate of the shading net is 80%-90%. The height of the shading net from Taxus wallichiana is 50-70 cm. The shading net is removed after winter in the second year.

[0133] Comparing the experimental results of Comparative Example 7 and Example 1, it can be seen that not performing environmental modification of the simulated primary habitat will result in a low survival rate of Taxus wallichiana after the return. As shown in Table 1, two years after the return, the survival rate of Taxus wallichiana was only 57%, and the ground diameter, height and crown width of Taxus wallichiana were greatly reduced, and the total population area was 130m 2 .

[0134] Table 1

[0135] In summary, the application provides a method for reestablishing Taxus chinensis var. mairei population in the wild, wherein the seedling cultivation technique is simple and has high seed germination rate, and a large number of high-quality seedlings can be obtained by using the technique, which provides a large amount of seedling materials for the wild return of Taxus chinensis var. mairei; the seedling hardening technique can improve the stress resistance of seedlings, shorten the cultivation period of seedlings to reach standard seedlings, the wild acclimatization technique can enhance the adaptability of seedlings, and improve the quality of Taxus chinensis var. mairei seedlings; the habitat restoration technique and the wild return technique can both help to improve the survival rate of Taxus chinensis var. mairei. Through the population reestablishment process of seedling cultivation, seedling hardening and wild acclimatization, habitat restoration and wild return, the survival rate of Taxus chinensis var. mairei can be improved, and the survival rate of Taxus chinensis var. mairei after returning for two years can reach more than 90%, and the wild population of Taxus chinensis var. mairei can be successfully reestablished, and finally the total population area reaches 800m 2 .

[0136] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the application, and not to limit them; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacements to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the application.

Claims

1. A method for reestablishing field population of Taxus wallichiana wherein, It comprises the following steps: Step 1, seedling cultivation: the seeds of Taxus chinensis var. mairei are sowed in a seedbed and covered with soil, and seedlings are obtained after the seeds grow; The seedbed is constructed in an open field environment; the substrate of the seedbed is composed of peat, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 2:1:2, and the depth of the seedbed substrate is 60-80 cm; Step 2, hardening-off and field acclimation: the seedlings are moved into a nutrition pot for hardening-off to obtain seedlings; the nutrition pot containing the seedlings is moved to a return site and placed under a forest for 1 week of field acclimation to obtain the seedlings after field acclimation; The selection criteria for the return site are a forest gap with a canopy cover of 60-70%, a height of the canopy branch of no less than 3 m, a gentle slope with a slope direction of a shady slope and a slope gradient of 5-15°, a humus layer on the soil surface, and a soil layer thickness of more than 50 cm; Step 3, habitat restoration of the return site: habitat restoration is performed on the return site; Step 4, field return: the seedlings after field acclimation are taken out of the nutrition pot and planted in the habitat-restored return site to complete the field population reconstruction of Taxus chinensis var. mairei.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method for obtaining the seeds of Taxus chinensis var. mairei specifically comprises the following steps: Selecting Taxus chinensis var. mairei mother trees with a tree age of 15-20 years, collecting mature seeds, removing the false seed coat, and sanding the seeds after removing the false seed coat to the seed cracking to obtain the seeds of Taxus chinensis var. mairei.

3. The method according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein, The covering soil is composed of peat, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 1:1:3, and the covering soil thickness is 0.6-1 cm.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The hardening-off specifically comprises the following steps: When the seedling height reaches 5 cm, 2 g of urea is applied to each seedling, and the seedlings are watered once every 2-3 days; When the seedling height reaches 15 cm, 5 g of urea is applied to each seedling, and the seedlings are watered once every 4-5 days; When the seedling height reaches 25 cm, 1 g of dihydrogen potassium phosphate and 2 g of calcium superphosphate are applied to each seedling, and the seedlings are watered once every 8-10 days.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The habitat restoration of the return site specifically comprises: removing the competing plants and / or stones in the return site, tidying and filling the return site, and restoring the soil degradation of the return site.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The restoration of the soil degradation of the return site specifically comprises at least one of the following: sowing nitrogen-fixing herbaceous plants, applying organic fertilizer, and applying guest soil.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, The planting time is from September to October.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, The planting specifically comprises the following steps: Dig a tree hole in the habitat-restored return site, and the depth of the tree hole is no less than 50 cm; The seedlings after field acclimation are taken out of the nutrition pot and transplanted into the tree hole, the covering soil is covered to half the height of the tree hole, then the soil is tamped, the remaining soil is filled into the tree hole, and a tree pool cofferdam is trimmed, and the return site is watered once; After the planting is completed, the return site is subjected to environment modification simulating the original habitat; The planted Taxus chinensis var. mairei is subjected to watering, fertilization and disease and pest control monitoring; A shading net is set up for the Taxus chinensis var. mairei in the spring of the second year after planting, and the shading net is removed after the winter of the second year.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, The shading net has a shading rate of 80-90%, and the height of the shading net from the Taxus chinensis var. mairei is 50-70 cm.

10. The method of any one of claims 1-9, wherein, The method further comprises monitoring and managing the Taxus wallichiana, specifically comprising: recording the growth conditions of the Taxus wallichiana, and the recording content comprises seedling height, ground diameter, crown width, and growth conditions; recording the environmental conditions of the habitat, and the recording content comprises temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed, and light duration.

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