Masonry elements for forming a modular construction system

Abstract

The present invention relates to masonry elements that make it possible to create a modular construction system used to build a wide range of structures, including homes, commercial buildings and other types of structures. Masonry elements of this type are designed to be modular, meaning that they can be assembled and disassembled with ease. In addition, modules can be added to a previously built structure or a structure can be extended by adding new modules, thus turning the masonry element into a versatile and convenient construction element. The modular masonry elements consist of various different types of masonry elements and columns, each one having its own unique characteristics and properties.

Description

[0001] MASONRY ELEMENTS TO FORM A SYSTEM

[0002] MODULAR CONSTRUCTION

[0003] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0004] This development is related to the general field of construction, particularly with modular masonry elements that make up a construction system.

[0005] DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF THE ART

[0006] Document CN2365283Y is a utility model that proposes a block or brick that has a shape so that it can be joined in a modular manner. The document discloses brick bodies with peripheral side surfaces provided with projections and recessed grooves, the recessed grooves matching the projections in shape, the projections of one brick body can be embedded in the recessed grooves of another brick, and the brick bodies are mutually embedded to form a wall. The utility model has low levels of material consumption, low time consumption, and labor efficiency.

[0007] In particular, the utility model discloses a hollow or solid brick body, characterized in that it has a groove such that the projection and the shape of the projection are complementary on the peripheral sides of the brick body, in addition, the projection corresponds on both sides with the position of the groove.

[0008] Additionally, document EP11167200A discloses a modular system comprising multiple building blocks that are modularly composed and made of plastic, particularly polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide or polybutylene terephthalate. The building blocks are provided with a connecting element for mutual fixing on the upper side or on the lower side. The connecting element of the building block is designed as part of a positive connection in the form of a longitudinal recess or a longitudinal projection. On the other hand, document ES2784651A1 discloses a modular structure and piece for construction. The modular piece consists of a prismatic piece, made of thermoplastics that has internal cells (10) that give it improvements in thermal and acoustic characteristics. The use of 100% recyclable materials means savings and gives it environmental sustainability.The construction process is based on 3D printing, which allows for a geometry capable of producing self-assembling parts. The joining method is dry, so mortar is not necessary.

[0009] The disclosed modular part is composed of a single prismatic body made of plastic material made with 3D printing; where said prismatic body includes an upper base, a lower base opposite the upper base, two first lateral faces opposite each other, and two second lateral faces facing each other; characterized by comprising: at least two first male elements that protrude vertically upwards according to two vertical alignments above the upper base of the prismatic body; where said first male elements are distributed symmetrically with respect to a longitudinal alignment centered parallel to the second opposite lateral faces, and with respect to a transverse alignment centered parallel to the first opposite lateral faces; and where the first two male elements are located in two opposite halves of the upper base separated by the centered transverse alignment.

[0010] In addition, it includes at least two first female elements located in the same vertical alignments as the first male elements; where the first female elements include respective mouths that are located at the lower base of the prismatic body; and where each of the first male elements of a modular piece is configured to fit into one of the female elements of another modular piece. A second male element and a second opposing female element located on the first two opposite lateral faces of the modular piece; where the second male element and the second female element are positioned symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal alignment; where the second female element includes a front mouth that is located on one of the first two lateral faces of the modular piece; and where the second male element of one modular piece is configured to fit into the second female element of another modular piece.

[0011] Also, WO2017181205A2 discloses an improved system for constructing structures such as the walls and columns of a single-family residential home or other residential and commercial buildings, as well as fences, circular and semicircular structures, and other architectural structures. The system includes design units, modular construction units, and manufacturing methods, as well as details for constructing simple structures such as arched walls, columns, door and window openings, etc. The system also includes construction units that facilitate the installation of electrical outlets, switches, and other components.

[0012] Furthermore, the modular building unit adapted to fit / interlock with adjacent building units; said modular building unit comprising: a block formed of a homogeneous material and including a pair of parallel rectangular end support faces, a pair of parallel rectangular side support faces, and parallel rectangular top and bottom support faces; and a block interlocking module (BIM) made of polymer including a pair of parallel rectangular end support faces, a pair of parallel rectangular side faces, and parallel rectangular top and bottom support faces.

[0013] The Bloqueplás company lists several masonry blocks on its website and in document CO 10058638, specifically the so-called Bloqueplás, which is a system composed of structural and enclosure elements. It can be supported on various types of foundations, thus generating numerous possibilities. Assembly is similar to a Lego set and allows for quick, easy, and practical piece-by-piece interaction.

[0014] The Bloqueplás construction system is composed of compact elements with blocks cast in a single piece and joined to other elements such as beams and columns, forming a self-supporting system, manufactured from solid plastic waste.

[0015] Furthermore, the construction system made from recycled plastic contains polyolefins, thermoplastics with high rigidity, high crystallinity, a high melting point, and excellent chemical resistance. Thanks to the block design, they are easily assembled. The blocks and other elements are obtained through a process called extrusion, in which the raw material is melted by applying heat and injected into a mold.

[0016] Furthermore, Bloqueplás blocks have equidistant, through vertical holes in the center of their surfaces. When the blocks are placed together, they form ducts through which electrical or hydraulic networks can be embedded.

[0017] However, none of the aforementioned documents discloses at least two types of coupling on a single face or side of a masonry element, and where said couplings are present in different types of masonry elements to configure a construction system with frames for windows, doors and electrical outlets.

[0018] BRIEF DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present development relates to a first masonry element, comprising a front face, a rear face opposite the front face, a first side face and a second side face, said side faces arranged between the front face and the rear face, an upper surface and a lower surface, a first female coupling element extending from at least one of the side faces and including a cavity, a second male coupling element extending from at least one of the side faces and including a projection and a plurality of reinforcements extending internally between the front and rear faces.Furthermore, the present development discloses a construction system comprising a first masonry element and a second masonry element configured to connect to each other, each masonry element including a first female coupling element extending from at least one of the side faces and having a cavity, a second male coupling element extending from at least one of the side faces and having a projection configured to couple to the cavity of an adjacent second masonry element, and a plurality of reinforcements extending internally between the front and rear faces.

[0020] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0021] FIG. 1 A illustrates an isometric view of a masonry element.

[0022] FIG. IB illustrates a top view of the masonry element.

[0023] FIG. 1C illustrates an isometric view of a male coupling element and a female coupling element of one end of a masonry element and a detail of a channel located on the male coupling element.

[0024] FIG. ID illustrates a top view and a side section of the masonry element showing the plurality of reinforcements.

[0025] FIG. 2A illustrates a top view of one embodiment of a first column.

[0026] FIG. 2B illustrates a top view of one embodiment of a second column.

[0027] FIG. 3 illustrates an isometric view of a male and a female coupling element of one end of a masonry element and a detail of a tab located on an upper or lower surface of the masonry element, which mates with a slot of a second masonry element. FIG. 4 illustrates an isometric view of two assembled masonry elements with a detail showing a top view of the junction of the male and female coupling elements between the two masonry elements.

[0028] FIG. 5 illustrates an isometric view of the assembly of two masonry elements in which a first masonry element slides vertically over a second masonry element.

[0029] FIG. 6A illustrates an isometric view and a top view of a complementary masonry element.

[0030] FIG. 6B illustrates an isometric view and a top view of another complementary masonry element.

[0031] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The first masonry element (10) of the present disclosure is used for the construction of walls, columns and other structures. These elements can be prefabricated and are designed to be used in a modular construction system, where they can be easily assembled and disassembled. The masonry elements (10) can be made of different materials such as, for example, recyclable materials and are designed to be strong and durable. They come in a variety of sizes and shapes, and can be used to construct walls, floors and other structures.

[0033] The present disclosure also relates to a modular construction system that allows for efficient and cost-effective construction compared to masonry elements known in the prior art that require mortar or other coupling elements, as well as easy maintenance and repair. This is achieved by assembling several masonry elements to form walls. Columns are also assembled to said walls, which can generate doors and windows, as described later. Furthermore, the masonry elements can be used in both residential and commercial construction projects, making them a versatile option for builders and architects.

[0034] Specifically, the present development relates to a first masonry element (10), comprising a front face (1), a rear face (2) opposite the front face (1), a first side face (7), a second side face (8), said side faces arranged between the front face (1) and the rear face (2), an upper surface (19) and a lower surface (20).

[0035] Furthermore, the first masonry element (10) comprises a first female coupling element extending from at least one of the side faces (7,8) and including a cavity (5), a second male coupling element extending from at least one of the side faces (7,8) and including a projection (4), and a plurality of reinforcements (3, 3A) extending internally between the front and rear faces (1,2).

[0036] Furthermore, the first masonry element (10) is assembled to a second masonry element (11) where the second masonry element (11) comprises a front face (1), a rear face (2) opposite the front face (1), a first side face (7), a second side face (8), said side faces arranged between the front face (1) and the rear face (2), an upper surface (19) and a lower surface (20).

[0037] Additionally, the second masonry element (11) comprises a first female coupling element extending from at least one of the side faces (7, 8) and having a cavity (5); a second male coupling element extending from at least one of the side faces (7, 8) and having a projection (4) configured to engage the cavity (5) of the first masonry element (10) adjacent to at least one of said side faces (7, 8) and a plurality of reinforcements (3, 3A) extending internally between the front and rear faces (1, 2). Also, as illustrated in FIG. 4 and FIG.5, the first masonry element (10) is coupled to the second masonry element (11) by vertically sliding the first female coupling element of the masonry element (10) into a second male coupling element of the second masonry element (11), and sliding the second male coupling element of the masonry element (10) into a first female coupling element of the second masonry element (11). This allows the first masonry element (10) and the second masonry element (11) to be coupled stepwise and firmly without the need to use mortar or other coupling element.

[0038] In the present development, the first side face (7) and the second side face (8) of the first and second masonry elements (10,11) can be orthogonal to the front and rear face (1,2).

[0039] In one embodiment, and referring to FIG. 1A, the first masonry element (10) and the second masonry element (11) have a rectangular geometric shape, having an extended section at each end, i.e., said rectangular geometric shape may have eight or more edges. Said extended section corresponds to the first female coupling element. In addition, each end corresponds to the side faces (7, 8).

[0040] Continuing with reference to FIG. 1A, the first female coupling element and the second male coupling element may be arranged on the same side face (7, 8), and are arranged adjacent to one of said side faces (7, 8).

[0041] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, on each of the side faces (7, 8) there is a first female coupling element and a second male coupling element, wherein on one of said side faces (7, 8) the first female coupling element is arranged in an upper section of the side face (7, 8) and the second male coupling element is arranged in a lower section of the side face (7, 8). In another embodiment, on the side faces (7, 8) the second male coupling element is arranged in an upper section of the side face (7, 8) and the first female coupling element is arranged in a lower section of the side face (7, 8).

[0042] For example, and referring to FIG. 1A, on the side face (7) of a first masonry element (10) there may be a first female coupling element and a second male coupling element, wherein the first female coupling element is arranged in an upper section of the side face (7) and the second male coupling element is arranged in a lower section of the side face (7). Whereas, in the same example, on the side face (8) the second male coupling element is arranged in an upper section of the side face (8) and the first female coupling element is arranged in a lower section of the side face (8), as illustrated in FIG. 1A.

[0043] Another example, according to FIG. 1A, FIG. 1C, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the first female coupling element protrudes beyond the second male coupling element, creating a step on the side face (7,8) where they are arranged.

[0044] In a non-illustrated embodiment, the second male coupling element protrudes beyond the first female coupling element, creating a step on the side face (7,8) where they are arranged.

[0045] In one embodiment, there is a third masonry element (21) with a rectangular longitudinal section having an extended section at only one end, where said extended section corresponds to the first female coupling element. In addition, the extended section corresponds to the lateral face (7, 8).

[0046] In another embodiment, there is a fourth masonry element (22) that shares the same characteristics as the first masonry element (10), however, the distance between the lateral faces (7,8) of the fourth masonry element (22) can be equivalent to half the length described from the end to the opposite end of the longitudinal section of the first masonry element (10). With the above, the masonry elements (10, 11, 21, 22) allow different types of walls to be completed.

[0047] Additionally, the masonry elements (10,11,21,22) have several through holes from the upper surface (19) to the lower surface (20). These through holes allow reinforcing rods and fastening screws to be placed, which allows that, when one masonry element is placed on top of another, they are connected to adjacent masonry elements (10,11,21,22).

[0048] In an embodiment illustrated in FIG. ID, between the front and rear faces (1,2) there is a plurality of reinforcements (3, 3A) where the reinforcement (3A) is a structure that has a through perforation from the upper surface (19) to the lower surface (20) for the installation of a fastening element such as a screw or rod. This reinforcement structure (3A) is connected to the interior of the front and rear faces (1,2) by means of diagonal walls that provide the reinforcement structure (3A) with mechanical resistance by joining the front and rear faces (1,2) of the masonry elements (10,11,21,22). In addition, the fastening element that passes through said reinforcement structure (3A) can take the function of a pin to connect the masonry elements (10,11,21,22) of an upper or lower row.

[0049] For the understanding of the present disclosure the plurality of reinforcements (3, 3A) are ribs that are used to reinforce the masonry elements (10,11,21,22) and allow the front and rear faces (1,2) to be internally joined as illustrated in FIG. 1 A, FIG. IB, FIG. ID, FIG. 4, FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B. Also, the plurality of reinforcements (3, 3A) are used to transmit the weight through the front and rear faces (1,2), reducing the amount of material needed to build the masonry elements (10,11,21,22).

[0050] In one embodiment, the masonry elements (10,11,21,22) may have between one and three reinforcements (3) with a through perforation each, where the perforations of a masonry element (10,11,21,22) are equidistant and coplanar. Additionally, the masonry elements (10,11,21,22) have guide holes for the placement of fastening elements, such as fastening screws, between consecutive rows, where the reinforcement structures (3A) containing the holes are located on the sides of the interior of the front and rear faces (1,2) of the masonry elements (10,11,21,22), so that they firmly anchor each masonry element (10,11,21,22) to its lower neighbors.

[0051] Also, the reinforcement structures (3 A) that receive said fastening screw have two shapes observed from a side view illustrated in FIG. ID, a triangular shape designed to receive the screw of the upper row; and another rectangular shape to fasten the masonry element (10,11,21,22) to the lower row. The reinforcement structures (3 A) that receive the fastening screw are aligned by placing one row of masonry elements (10,11,21,22) on top of another to allow the passage of the screw. The holes have an inclination with respect to the upper and lower surfaces (19,20) of between 0 o at 10°, this way the screws can be installed in a conventional manner without the need for specialized tools.

[0052] It should be noted that the plurality of reinforcements (3, 3A) mentioned above are located entirely inside the masonry elements (10,11,21,22), so the aesthetics of the exterior surface of the masonry elements (10,11,21,22) are not affected by perforations or visible fastening elements.

[0053] Referring to the detail of FIG. 1C, a masonry element (10,11,21,22) can be seen having a channel that runs longitudinally through its upper part, i.e. extends through the projection (4). This channel allows the placement of another fastening element such as horizontal reinforcement rods that are joined to the fastening elements located in the structure that has a through hole from the upper surface (19) to the lower surface (20).

[0054] Also, the channel is centered with the plane of symmetry of the masonry elements (10,11,21,22) and extends on both sides of the through holes from the top surface (19) to the bottom surface (20). In addition, this channel can be used for the placement of wiring, plumbing or other structures that must be installed horizontally. In the same way, the front and rear faces (1,2) can be perforated to install power outlets, protruding pipes, etc.

[0055] Referring to FIG. 3, the front and rear faces (1,2) of the first masonry element (10) have at least one flange (12) extending along the upper or lower surface (19,20), which engages a slot (13) extending along the upper or lower surface (19,20) of the second masonry element (11). Said flange (12) blocks the passage of water or light into the interior of the masonry elements (10,11,21,22). This is possible because the flange (12) is inserted into the slot (13) causing that when two masonry elements are assembled there is no opening or space between them. This flange (12) is located horizontally along each upper or lower surface (19,20).

[0056] Also, these tabs (12) prevent light rays and air currents from passing through the wall in the area where the rows are joined and improve acoustic insulation, which contributes to the masonry elements (10,11,21,22) having a better aesthetic and functional finish. Additionally, the tabs (12) keep the walls of the masonry elements (10,11,21,22) aligned in the vertical plane in such a way that it gives the successive rows of the masonry elements (10,11,21,22) their characteristic of self-alignment vertically.

[0057] In addition, the masonry elements (10,11,21,22) can be hollow elements that allow the installation of plumbing and wiring within said elements, and thus contribute to the reduction of the weight of the masonry elements (10,11,21,22).

[0058] Regarding the union between the horizontally adjacent masonry elements (10,11,21,22) they can be easily installed without the use of specialized equipment, therefore, a mechanical snap-fit ​​joint is used which allows the masonry elements (10,11,21,22) to be assembled without requiring adhesives, putties, inserts, or the application of heat, ultrasound or the like.

[0059] On the other hand, and referring to FIG. 1A, FIG. IB, FIG. 1C and FIG. 3, the cavity (5) of the first female coupling element has an internal surface where two tips (5 A, 5B) are arranged, generating a slot (5C) that has a trapezoid shape. Including a trapezoid-shaped slot (5C) allows that during the assembly between a first masonry element (10) and a second masonry element (11) it has greater resistance to uncoupling by having a closed fitting system.

[0060] The trapezoid-shaped groove (5C) in the cavity (5) is a type of joint used to connect two parts by means of a male coupling element that fits into a female coupling element. This joint fits together like a puzzle piece, creating a strong and secure connection.

[0061] Additionally, one of the benefits of the groove (5C) of the cavity (5) is that it is self-locking, meaning that it does not require any additional connecting elements or adhesive to hold it together. The prongs (5A, 5B) inside the cavity (5) provide a strong mechanical connection that is resistant to movement and separation. Additionally, the assembly between the cavity (5) and the projection (4) is difficult to disassemble, making it ideal for applications where a secure and permanent connection is needed.

[0062] Likewise, the projection (4) of the second male coupling element is an extension that can be perpendicular to the faces (7, 8) that has an end proximal to the lateral faces (7, 8) and a distal end that has at least one protuberance, wherein said protuberance is a projection that is at an angle between 90° and 120° with respect to the projection (4), configured to couple to the cavity (5) as seen in FIG 4 and FIG. 5. Additionally, with the coupling between the projection (4) and the cavity (5), a self-locking fixation is achieved between adjacent masonry elements (10,11,21,22). This coupling allows the masonry elements (10,11,21,22) to be installed one by one in a downward movement in which the cavities (5) of the side faces (7,8) are aligned with the projections (4) and at the same time, the projections (4) and the cavities (5) are hooked as seen in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5.This allows different masonry elements to be assembled in the same row.

[0063] The above allows the masonry elements (10,11,21,22) of the same row to remain firmly hooked with a high resistance to decoupling since the two tips that the internal surface of the cavity (5) has come into contact with the protuberances of the projection (4) making the coupling secure and firm. Also, with this coupling the contact force is increased when the masonry elements (10,11,21,22) are pulled in opposite directions and remain together.

[0064] On the other hand, as can be seen in FIG. IB, FIG. 2A, FIG 2B and FIG. 4, the second male coupling element has a central slot in the projection (4) designed so that, during assembly, the projection (4) can reduce its total width and in this way it can fit inside the cavity (5) and remain coupled during installation, in this way the projection (4) and the cavity (5) remain in contact and self-align.

[0065] Furthermore, the self-aligning configuration of the masonry elements (10,11,21,22) also occurs thanks to the fact that it can have its profile in the form of a zigzag or Z that can be observed in FIG. 1A and FIG. 4, which gives the masonry elements (10,11,21,22). Its self-aligning characteristic also allows an interleaved pattern in a construction system such as a finished wall, which ensures that the joining areas do not coincide with each other and thus reduces the possibility of misalignment in the construction system that is built with the masonry elements (10,11,21,22). For a better understanding of the present disclosure, it will be understood that the self-aligning characteristic is a property that allows the masonry elements (10,11,21,22) to align or adjust automatically during their assembly to maintain balance or stability.

[0066] In a preferred embodiment, the projection (4) has at its distal end at least one pair of protuberances at an angle of between 90° and 120° with respect to the projection (4), where the protuberances are divided by the central groove. The projection (4) also has a conical finish at its distal end, that is, it describes an arc of between 0 o and 10° to allow the projection (4) to have some flexibility when inserted into a cavity (5).

[0067] On the other hand, referring to FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B, the present development has complementary elements which have a lateral section, square, rectangular or L-shaped. In addition, these complementary elements comprise a front face (1), a rear face (2), a first lateral face (7) and a second lateral face (8), at least a first female coupling element that is located on one of the lateral faces (7,8) and that has a cavity (5). Additionally, the complementary elements may comprise at least a second male coupling element that is located on one of the lateral faces (7,8).

[0068] Likewise, the complementary elements can be used to generate dividing walls, finish the edges of columns, and modify the length of walls. This complementary element has at least two first female coupling elements that allow it to hook both to the masonry elements (10, 11, 21, 22) and to columns (9, 14). As seen in FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B, the complementary elements have a central hole for the placement of vertical rods and a channel for the placement of horizontal rods, as well as horizontal slots and tabs to prevent leaks. On the other hand, the present disclosure also discloses a construction system comprising a first masonry element (10) and a second masonry element (11) configured to connect to each other.

[0069] Each masonry element (10,11) includes a front face (1), a rear face (2), a first side face (7) and a second side face (8), a first female coupling element extending from at least one of the side faces (7,8) and having a cavity (5), a second male coupling element extending from at least one of the side faces (7,8) and having a projection (4) configured to engage the cavity (5) of an adjacent second masonry element (11), and a plurality of reinforcements (3, 3 A) extending internally between the front and rear faces (1,2).

[0070] Additionally, the masonry element (10) is coupled to the second masonry element (11) by vertically sliding the first female coupling element of the masonry element (10) into the second male coupling element of the second masonry element (11), and sliding the second male coupling element of the masonry element (10) into the first female coupling element of the second masonry element (11).

[0071] The masonry elements (10,11) of this construction system include geometric characteristics that allow them to be coupled to each other so that they form a set of several masonry elements (10,11). These geometries are practical at the time of installation and resistant.

[0072] As part of the construction system, each masonry element (10,11) matches appropriately with the others so that the surfaces of the finished assembly do not contain openings or slots that give the user the impression of being incomplete and also prevent the passage of light or water filtration.

[0073] Also, it is of utmost importance that the masonry elements (10,11,21,22) and columns (9,14) do not contain irregular sections such as burrs, chips, points or sharp edges, which apart from resulting in an unattractive finish, will represent an element of risk for users.

[0074] Furthermore, the construction system includes a larger internal space than other construction systems known in the state of the art for installing electrical, plumbing, telephone lines, and other wiring.

[0075] Referring to FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, the construction system comprises columns to be coupled to the masonry elements (10,11,21,22) and thus give a homogeneous finish to the walls of a building, and in addition, these columns also allow the installation and coupling to door and window frames.

[0076] In one embodiment, the construction system comprises a first column (9) having on a first side face (15) and on a second side face (16) a second male coupling element as seen in FIG. 2A. This configuration allows this column (9) to be placed inside a wall such that it functions as reinforcement by placing reinforced concrete inside it, as a division of a wall into sections and as fastening elements for additional structures to the wall such as doors and windows.

[0077] In another embodiment, not illustrated, there is a column for the corners of a construction system such as a wall, which consists of a square profile with two projections (4) along two of its adjacent faces. In this way, this column allows two walls to form a 90° corner by joining the masonry elements (10, 11, 21, 22) to this column. The corner finish is clean and uniform, with no exposed fastening elements.

[0078] In another embodiment, a column has a second male coupling element on three of its four sides, allowing three walls to be joined together. Two of these are aligned, and a third is at an angle of 90° to the first two walls. This column provides stability to the set of masonry elements (10, 11, 21, 22), especially if used to contain the pouring of a reinforced concrete column. Furthermore, there are numerous possibilities regarding the geometries available for construction.

[0079] In a non-illustrated embodiment, this column may have a first female coupling element on three of its four sides.

[0080] Referring to FIG. 2B, there is a cross-shaped column consisting of a square profile with a first female coupling element or a second male coupling element on its four sides. This allows for an intersection of four walls at 90° to one another.

[0081] In another embodiment, the construction system comprises a second column (14) having a front and rear face (17, 18) and a first side face (15) and a second side face (16), where it has at least on one of its faces a second male coupling element as seen in FIG. 2B. Also, the second column (14) may have at least one second male coupling element on two or more of its faces.

[0082] In a non-illustrated embodiment, there may be columns that have a first female coupling element on one or more of their faces.

[0083] On the other hand, the masonry elements (10,11,21,22) have a first closing element that is located on the upper or lower surface (19,20) and on the side faces (7,8) to isolate the interior of the masonry elements (10,11,21,22) and delimit the sides of a construction system. Said first closing element can be coupled to the masonry elements (10,11,21,22) by means of different connection mechanisms.

[0084] Also, the masonry elements (10,11,21,22) have a second closing element that has a first female coupling element on one of its faces that couples to the first male coupling element of the masonry elements (10,11,21,22) to complete the spaces left between the side faces (7,8) and other masonry elements.

[0085] On the other hand, the masonry elements (10,11,21,22), the columns (9,14) and the closing elements are made of a material selected from recycled materials, new materials and combinations of the above.

[0086] In one embodiment, the masonry elements are made of recyclable plastics such as Polyethylene Terephthalate, Polystyrene and Polyvinyl Chloride, and combinations thereof.

[0087] Examples

[0088] Example 1

[0089] A first masonry element (10) was developed comprising a front face (1), a rear face (2) opposite the front face (1), a first side face (7) and a second side face (8), said side faces arranged between the front face (1) and the rear face (2), an upper surface (19) and a lower surface (20);

[0090] - a first female coupling element extending from at least one of the side faces (7,8) and including a cavity (5);

[0091] - a second male coupling element extending from at least one of the side faces (7,8) and including a projection (4); and

[0092] - a plurality of reinforcements (3, 3A) extending internally between the front and rear faces (1,2);

[0093] This masonry element (10) has a height of 305 mm measured between the upper surface (19) and the lower surface (20) and a horizontal length of 1372.5 mm measured from the side face (7) to the side face (8) including a first female coupling element on each side face (7,8). This masonry element (10) has internal rectangular cavities that allow to considerably reduce the weight of the masonry element (10) where said cavities generate both lateral and internal walls of 10 mm thickness to form a body of 100 mm total width and have roundings on the internal edges with a radius of 10 mm.

[0094] In addition, the masonry element (10) has three through holes that allow the reinforcement of the structure by means of the installation of rods or retaining screws. The through holes have a diameter of 11 mm.

[0095] On the other hand, a fourth masonry element (22) has a length of 762 mm measured from the side face (7) to the side face (8), a height of 305 mm measured from the upper surface (19) and the lower surface (20) and a width of 100 mm. This element has two through holes.

[0096] Also, the projection (4) has a width of 70 mm and also has a taper of 2 o at its distal end. Additionally, the projection (4) has an end proximal to each of the lateral faces (7, 8) and a distal end that has at least one protuberance, where said protuberance is a projection that is at an angle of 105° with respect to the projection (4). It should be taken into account that the projection (4) and the cavity (5) once assembled, leave a space of between 0.1 mm and 2 mm.

[0097] On the other hand, the tab (12) located on the upper or lower surface (19,20) has a total height of 3 mm, in addition, the tab (12) has on its inner side a right angle with respect to the upper or lower surface (19,20) while the outer angle is 70° with respect to the upper or lower surface (19,20). Also the groove (13) has a height of 3.5 mm and an outer angle of 70°.

[0098] Referring to FIG. ID, the reinforcement structures (3 A) receive a fastening screw that is aligned by placing one row of masonry elements (10,11,21,22) on top of another to allow the passage of the screw. The holes have an inclination with respect to the upper and lower surfaces (19,20) of 10°, in this way the screws can be placed in a conventional manner without the need for specialized tools.

[0099] The columns (9,14) have a square profile measuring 100 mm by 100 mm with 10 mm thick walls. The columns (9,14) are also 3050 mm long, but this length varies depending on the height of the construction system.

[0100] The closing element is also a flat element 15 mm thick and 100 mm wide. It is placed either as a closure on the top or side of the masonry elements (10, 11, 21, 22). This element is fixed to the adjacent masonry elements (10, 11, 21, 22) by means of screws.

[0101] Finally, simulations were carried out for two specific cases, the maximum vertical stress that a first masonry element (10) will receive when loaded with a weight equivalent to that of a wall of a 6.1 m high construction system and the maximum lateral tension load that a first masonry element (10) receives in the area of ​​its through hole before reaching its elastic limit.

[0102] A load of 3145.5 Newtons was placed on the masonry element (10) and as a result a maximum displacement value of l.71X10' was obtained. 6 m which represents an extremely low deformation compared to masonry elements known in the state of the art.

[0103] Also, the value of the Von Misses stress was compared with the elastic limit, which allows determining whether the material will reach a point of plastic deformation and consequently permanent changes in its geometry even when the load to which the structure had been exposed is removed. From the simulation, it was obtained that the maximum value of the Von Misses stress is 10,000 Pascals, which is considerably lower than the yield stress of PET plastic, which corresponds to 1.17x10 7 in its 55% crystalline state. It should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the described and illustrated modalities, since, as will be evident to one skilled in the art, there are possible variations and modifications that do not deviate from the spirit of the development, which is only defined by the following claims.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A first masonry element (10), comprising: a front face (1), a rear face (2) opposite the front face (1), a first side face (7) and a second side face (8), said side faces arranged between the front face (1) and the rear face (2), an upper surface (19) and a lower surface (20); a first female coupling element extending from at least one of the side faces (7, 8) and including a cavity (5); a second male coupling element extending from at least one of the side faces (7, 8) and including a projection (4); and a plurality of reinforcements (3, 3A) extending internally between the front and rear faces (1, 2).

2. The element of Claim 1, wherein the first masonry element (10) is assembled to a second masonry element (11) wherein the second masonry element (11) comprises: a front face (1), a rear face (2) opposite the front face (1), a first side face (7), a second side face (8), said side faces arranged between the front face (1) and the rear face (2), an upper surface (19) and a lower surface (20); a first female coupling element extending from at least one of the side faces (7, 8) and having a cavity (5); a second male coupling element extending from at least one of the side faces (7, 8) and having a projection (4) configured to couple to the cavity (5) of the first masonry element (10); and a plurality of reinforcements (3, 3A) extending internally between the front and rear faces (1,2);where the first masonry element (10) is coupled to the second masonry element (11) by sliding the first female coupling element of the first masonry element (10) into a second male coupling element of the second masonry element (11), and sliding the second element of; male coupling of the masonry element (10) in a first female coupling element of the second masonry element (11).

3. The element of Claim 1, wherein the first female coupling element and the second male coupling element are arranged on the same side face (7, 8), and are arranged contiguous on one of said side faces (7, 8).

4. The element of Claim 1, wherein on each of the side faces (7, 8) there is a first female coupling element and a second male coupling element; wherein on one of said side faces (7, 8) the first female coupling element is arranged in an upper section of the side face (7, 8) and the second male coupling element is arranged in a lower section of the side face (7, 8); and on another of the side faces (7, 8) the second male coupling element is arranged in an upper section of the side face (7, 8) and the first female coupling element is arranged in a lower section of the side face (7, 8).

5. The element of Claim 4, wherein the first female coupling element protrudes beyond the second male coupling element, creating a step on the side face (7,8) where they are arranged.

6. The element of Claim 4, wherein the second male coupling element protrudes beyond the first female coupling element, creating a step on the side face (7,8) where they are arranged.

7. The element of Claim 1, wherein the cavity (5) has an internal surface where two tips are arranged that generate a groove (5C).

8. The element of Claim 1, wherein the projection (4) of the second male coupling element has an end proximal to each of the faces. laterals (7, 8) and a distal end having at least one angled protuberance configured to engage the cavity (5).

9. The element of Claim 2, wherein the front and rear faces (1,2) have at least one tab (12) located on the upper or lower surface (19,20), which engages a slot (13) of the second masonry element (11), where the tab (12) is configured to block the passage of water or light.

10. The element of Claim 1, wherein the first masonry element (10) is hollow.

11. The element of Claim 1, wherein the first side face (7) and the second side face (8) are orthogonal to the front and rear faces (1,2).

12. The element of Claim 1, characterized in that said first masonry element (10) is manufactured from a material selected from recycled materials, new materials and combinations of the above.

13. The element of Claim 1, wherein the masonry elements (10,11) have a first closing element that is located on the upper or lower surface (19,20) and on the side faces (7,8) to isolate the interior of the masonry elements (10,11) and delimit the sides of a construction system.

14. The element of Claim 1, wherein the masonry elements (10,11) have a second closing element that has a female coupling element on one of its faces that couples to the male coupling element of the masonry elements (10,11) to complete the spaces left between the side faces (7,8) and other masonry elements.

15. A construction system, comprising: a first masonry element (10) and a second masonry element (11) configured to be connected to each other, each masonry element (10, 11) including: a front face (1), a rear face (2), a first side face (7), and a second side face (8); a first female coupling element extending from at least one of the side faces (7, 8) and having a cavity (5); a second male coupling element extending from at least one of the side faces (7, 8) and having a projection (4) configured to engage the cavity (5) of an adjacent second masonry element (11); and a plurality of stiffeners (3, 3A) extending internally between the front and rear faces (1, 2);where a masonry element (10) is coupled to the second masonry element (11) by vertically sliding the first female coupling element of the masonry element (10) into the second male coupling element of the second masonry element (11), and sliding the second male coupling element of the masonry element (10) into the first female coupling element of the second masonry element (11).; 16. The construction system of Claim 15, wherein each masonry element (10,11) is manufactured from a material selected from recycled materials, new materials and combinations of the above.

17. The construction system of Claim 15, further comprising a first column (9) having a first side face (15) and a second side face (16) opposite the first side face (15), and a second male coupling element arranged on the first side face (15) and on the second side face (16).

18. The construction system of Claim 15, further comprising a second column (14) having a front and rear face (17,18) and a first face side (15) and a second side face (16), where at least on one of its faces a male coupling element is arranged.

19. The construction system of Claim 15, further comprising a second column (14) having a front and rear face (17,18) and a first side face (15) and a second side face (16), where at least one male coupling element is arranged on two or more of its faces.

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