Drive system comprising a first component, a second component and a communication link, and method for operating such a drive system

Abstract

The invention relates to a drive system comprising a first component, a second component and a communication link, wherein telegram data in the form of an asynchronous serial data stream is transmitted via the communication link using an asynchronous serial data transmission between the first component and the second component, and the telegram data comprises user data to be transmitted and start bits and / or stop bits for synchronizing to the telegram data within the asynchronous serial data stream. The drive system is characterized in that the telegram data is transmitted multiple times and one immediately after the other, said telegram data comprising an additional synchronization mechanism, and the period of time required until an error-free transmission of the user data is carried out, i.e. the data transmission time, is minimized.

Description

[0001] Drive system comprising a first component, a second component and a communication link, and method for operating such a drive system

[0002] Description:

[0003] The invention relates to a drive system comprising a first component, a second component and a communication path, as well as a method for operating such a drive system.

[0004] It is well known to transmit user data using asynchronous serial data transmission.

[0005] From DE 10 2019 112 699 A1, a technique for correcting a time parameter is known as the closest prior art.

[0006] An optical interface is known from DE 43 36 524 A1.

[0007] EP 3 849 145 A2 discloses a high-speed protocol for a distributed control system.

[0008] DE 2945 147 A1 discloses a method for error monitoring in asynchronous message transmission.

[0009] A process for the preparation of tricyclic compounds is known from DE 4028666 A1.

[0010] A data transmission method is known from DE 198 48 211 A1.

[0011] A serial data transmission means is known from US 6 266 710 B1.

[0012] The invention is based on the object of ensuring secure and fast asynchronous serial transmission of user data, in particular to realize fault-tolerant data transmission with a constant, reduced maximum cycle time. In the present invention, this object is achieved by supplementing the user data to be transmitted with additional synchronization characters and additional identification characters as an additional synchronization mechanism, and by transmitting this combination of user data, additional synchronization characters, and additional identification characters multiple times and in immediate succession.

[0013] According to the invention, the object is achieved with a drive system according to the features specified in claim 1 and with a method for operating a drive system according to claim 13, 14 or 16.

[0014] Important features of a drive system according to the invention, comprising a first component, a second component and a communication path, wherein using an asynchronous serial data transmission between the first component and the second component, telegram data D x y in the form of an asynchronous serial data stream over the communication link and where the telegram data D x y Payload data to be transmitted N x y as well as start bits and / or stop bits for synchronization to the telegram data D x y within the asynchronous serial data stream are that the telegram data D x y transmitted multiple times and in immediate succession, whereby the telegram data D x y include an additional synchronization mechanism and the time required for error-free transmission of the payload data N x y , the data transmission time tdtt_ x , is minimized.

[0015] A drive system is a structural unit that converts electrical energy into kinetic energy by means of energy conversion. The drive system can generally be divided into different components and subcomponents that interact and / or communicate with one another. The drive system typically consists of an electric motor that is supplied with power via a frequency converter and usually includes at least one further component consisting of sensor, actuator and / or data storage elements, such as a rotary encoder, plug encoder, temperature sensor, vibration sensor, installation position sensor, gyro sensor, GPS receiver, gravity sensor, Hall sensor, electronically readable nameplate and / or one or more electronic brakes. The drive system can also have a gearbox that is mechanically connected directly to the electric motor and is designed to transmit the torque orto optimally adapt the speed of the electric motor to the needs of an industrial application. It is also conceivable that this structural unit includes the frequency converter, allowing the drive system to be designed very compactly.

[0016] A communication link is a technical device by means of which components exchange telegram data D x y and thus the user data N contained therein x y exchange. The telegram data D x y in the form of a physical quantity, for example as an electrical or optical signal or as an electromagnetic wave, usually using an established standard data transmission protocol between the components. Telegram data D x y are containers that actually transmit the payload data N x-yas well as additional information necessary for data transmission, such as start bits and / or stop bits.

[0017] As payload N x y This refers to information that is available in an application in a timely manner and that must therefore be processed within a component within a designated time window, which plays a crucial role in particular in the control, regulation and / or monitoring of processes within the drive system.

[0018] Asynchronous serial data transmission is a process in which the telegram data D x yThey are transmitted sequentially, staggered in time, i.e., asynchronously and independently of a clock signal. Advantageously, data transmission can be achieved over a reduced number of physical lines. To synchronize the transmitted data within the serial data stream, one or more start bits and / or stop bits are usually added to the data as a synchronization mechanism to identify the beginning and end of sections within the data stream.

[0019] An additional synchronization mechanism is understood to mean a further mechanism that allows access to the telegram data D within the asynchronous serial data stream. x y to synchronize without using the start bits and / or stop bits that are usually used for synchronization.

[0020] Error-free transmission is defined as data transmission in which, despite prevailing interference and resulting transmission errors, the telegram data can ultimately be transmitted unchanged from a sender to a receiver. Transmission errors are defined as errors that can occur due to electronic or thermal noise, electromagnetic interference, capacitive coupling, or cosmic radiation, and which lead to data corruption due to incorrectly transmitted characters. Incorrectly transmitted characters that are part of a synchronization character in asynchronous data transmission, for example, incorrectly transmitted start and / or stop bits, usually lead to a synchronization error, which frequently results in a loss of the telegram data to be transmitted. x y and thus in a loss of the transmitted user data N x yAdvantageously, the redundant and immediately consecutive transmission of the same telegram data D x y the probability of at least one error-free transmission of telegram data D x y In addition, the additional synchronization mechanism increases the probability that, despite an incorrectly transmitted start bit and / or stop bit, the telegram data D x y can be reliably detected within the data stream in order to prevent a total loss of this telegram data D x y By minimizing the transmission time tdtt_ x At the same time, the probability increases that at least one of the multiple and consecutively transmitted telegram data D x yThis allows even under worst-case conditions, ie against the background of a certain number of permissible and tolerable transmission errors, after the data transmission time tdtt_ x the payload N x y guaranteed transmission. This also ensures that the payload data N x y guaranteed to be available in time to be able to process them within a designated time window within the received component, which plays a crucial role in particular in the control, regulation and / or monitoring of processes within the drive system.

[0021] In a further advantageous embodiment, depending on a number n of telegram data D to be transmitted multiple times and in immediate succession, x y the data transmission time tdtt_ x from the sum of the transmission times t sthe n identical telegram data sent D x _i, ... , D x n , a propagation delay t P d and a review time.

[0022] Under broadcast time t s (with t s > 0 time units) is the time required by the component acting as the sender to transmit the telegram data D x y to send.

[0023] Under runtime delay t P d (with t P d > 0 time units) is the time period resulting from the physical properties of the communication link and which a signal needs to move in the propagation medium of the communication link from a transmitter to a receiver.

[0024] Under review time t C hk (with t C hk > 0 time units) is the time required by the component acting as receiver to process the data contained in the received telegram data D x ycontained payload N x y to be checked for validity. In a further advantageous embodiment, depending on a number n of telegram data to be transmitted multiple times and in immediate succession, D x y the data transmission time tdtt_x from the sum of the transmission times t s the n identical telegram data sent D x _i, D x n , a propagation delay t P d, from the sum of the checking times t C hk and a waiting time twait-

[0025] Waiting time twait is the time that elapses until the corresponding component is able to check the validity of the received payload data N x y to carry out.

[0026] In a further advantageous embodiment, the transmission time t s from the quotient of the data length DL of a single telegram data D x yand the data transmission rate DR with which the telegram data D x y be transferred.

[0027] Data length DL (with DL > 0 information units) is the number of all information units required to transmit the user data N x y required information units, in particular symbols or bits, from which a telegram data D x y consists.

[0028] The data transmission rate DR (with DR > 0 information units per time unit) is the transmission speed with which the information units comprising the telegram data D x y exist, are transmitted over a communication link within a time interval.

[0029] Advantageously, by means of a suitable number n of repetitions of the telegram data D to be transmitted immediately one after the other x y the data transmission time tdtt_ x be optimized.

[0030] In a further advantageous embodiment, the number n results from the data length DL, the data transmission rate DR and a maximum error rate FR.

[0031] The error rate FR (with FR > 0 fault events per time unit) is the probability with which telegram data D x y be received corrupted due to interference events. Advantageously, for a given maximum tolerable error rate FR, the number n of telegram data D required for this purpose, which must be transmitted multiple times and in immediate succession, can be x y be determined in order to achieve the desired robustness against disturbances.

[0032] [6] In a further advantageous embodiment, the number n results from the mathematical relationship:

[0033] Advantageously, the transmission of the user data N x-yreduced to the technically possible minimum time guaranteed at the latest after the data transmission time tdtt_ x completed.

[0034] In a further advantageous embodiment, the drive system has a communication cycle with a maximum communication cycle time t cc t, where the communication cycle consists in the first component payload data Ni_ y , to the second component and then the second component transmits payload data N2_ y to the first component, where the communication cycle time t cc t from a processing time t pt _i of the first component, a data transmission time tdtt_i, a processing time t p t_2 of the second component and a data transmission time tdtt_2.

[0035] The communication cycle time (tcct) is the time that elapses from the creation of a request by a sender to the reception and processing of the response from the receiver of the request within a repetitive communication process. For the control, regulation, and / or monitoring of drive systems, it is necessary that certain internal process data is guaranteed within a maximum time interval, the communication cycle time. tC ct, between components of the drive system.

[0036] Under processing time t ptrefers to the time a component needs to perform all the steps required to process a task assigned to it. These tasks include, for example, extracting information from a received and / or measured signal or preparing information for data transmission from one component serving as an information source to another component acting as an information consumer.

[0037] Advantageously, by minimizing the two data transmission times tdtt_i and tdtt_2 within a communication cycle with maximum communication cycle time t cc t the total available processing time t pt maximizeable, with t pt (max) = tcct - (tdtt_i(min) + tdtt_2(min)). Here, the maximized processing time t pt freely divisible between the first component and the second component, ie t pt (max) = t pt _i + t pt_2. This makes it possible to allocate more processing time to a specific component, for example, to perform more complex calculations per communication cycle. It is also conceivable to use a slower and therefore more cost-effective computing unit within one component, which could reduce the manufacturing costs, at least for that component.

[0038] In a further advantageous embodiment, the user data N2_ y as a response to a previously made request, the component waiting to send a communication error F to the drive system as soon as the user data N2_ y not within the maximum communication cycle time tcct of the waiting component.

[0039] Advantageously, the exchange of user data is limited to compliance with a maximum permitted time duration, the maximum communication cycle time t cct. This ensures that process-critical user data has either been transmitted safely within the required maximum communication cycle time tcct, or that the drive system executes an appropriate error response if the maximum communication cycle time tcct is exceeded in order to prevent damage, in particular injury or death to people, environmental pollution, and / or the loss of a plant or production.

[0040] In a further advantageous embodiment, the additional synchronization mechanism comprises at least one synchronization character, wherein the first component and / or the second component are designed to transmit the telegram data D x y to a transmission telegram D seq-x to summarize, whereby the telegram data D x y secured payload Ns_ x-yand which comprise at least one synchronization character, wherein the secured payload data Ns_x_ y from the actual payload data N to be transmitted x y and one using the payload data N x y checksum CRC x y be generated.

[0041] Under transmission telegram D se q_ xis the data content that two components exchange via a standard data transmission protocol known as the "black channel." A black channel is a communication link with unsecured or unsuitable properties, which is continuously monitored for integrity using a higher-level data transmission protocol in order to detect and manage transmission errors (such as repetitions, loss, incorrect sequence, corruption, etc.). Using a higher-level data transmission protocol with additional synchronization characters, redundantly transmitted payload data N x y and redundantly transmitted checksums CRC x y The reliability of data transmission is significantly increased when using the “back channel”.

[0042] A synchronization character is a special signal sequence that clearly stands out from the transmitted data stream. Using the synchronization character as a type of marker, the transmitted data stream can be divided into smaller sections. This enables, for example, synchronization to the beginning and / or end of a specific part of the transmitted data within the data stream, but is not limited to this in principle. The design and position of these synchronization characters within the data stream must either be known to both components or negotiated between the two communicating components at the beginning of the data transmission.

[0043] Under checksum CRC x y is a value that can be used to ensure the integrity of the user data N x y can be checked. Using a calculation rule, starting from the user data N x yor individual sections of this user data N x y the respective to this user data N x y or to these individual sections of this user data N x y associated checksum CRC x y calculated. Using this checksum CRC x y it is possible to detect certain errors in the transmission of the payload data N x y to uncover.

[0044] Advantageously, these additional synchronization characters extend the asynchronous data transmission with a redundant synchronization mechanism. This allows access to the telegram data D even in the event of incorrectly transmitted start and / or stop bits, which usually serve as synchronization means in data transmission. x y and thus to the actual payload N x y within a received data stream. By transmitting the same telegram data multiple times (D x _i, D x _2, D x y) within a transmission telegram D seq-x In addition, the probability is increased that despite a transmission error the payload data (N x _i, N x _2, N x y ) can be received correctly. Using the data stored in the secured payload Ns_ x-y contained checksum CRC x y In addition, the integrity of the actual payload data N x y verifiable. By using suitable error correction methods, it is possible to detect and correct transmission errors. Furthermore, by sending the same telegram data (D x 1 , D X _2, ...) pauses due to data transmission can be avoided compared to multiple transmission of the telegram data D x y in separate consecutive communication cycles, thereby reducing the data transmission times tdtt_ xcan be further shortened. Thus, all these measures provide increased fault tolerance while simultaneously minimizing the total communication cycle time t required for transmission. cc t achieved using a standard data transmission protocol.

[0045] In a further advantageous embodiment, the additional synchronization mechanism comprises an identification symbol, wherein the first component and the second component are designed to identify the secured user data Ns_ x-y in z equally sized secured payload data sections Ns_ x-y-z to be divided, whereby each secured payload section Ns_ x-y-z which is supplemented by an identification character, whereby the synchronization character has the same character length as a secured user data section Ns_ x-y-z including identification characters, whereby the combination of the secured payload section Ns_ x-y-zand identification character is always different from the synchronization character, whereby each secured payload section Ns_ x-y-z including the identification character and each synchronization character represents a data character to be transmitted via asynchronous serial data transmission.

[0046] The identification symbol here is understood to mean a further special signal sequence which is designed in such a way that every combination of permitted possible secured user data sections Ns_ x-y-zincluding the identification character never results in the special signal sequence of the synchronization character. The design and position of these identification characters within a data character must either be known to both components or negotiated at the beginning of the data transmission between the two communicating components. In this context, a data character is the information that is transmitted during asynchronous serial data transmission within a data frame, usually consisting of a leading start bit and one or more trailing stop bits. The data character is typically made up of 5 to 9 individual data bits, but is not limited to this number.

[0047] Advantageously, within the received data stream, the synchronization character is unique from the secured user data sections Ns_ x-y_z and independent of the content of the user data to be transmitted N x-y distinguishable.

[0048] In a further advantageous embodiment, the first component and the second component are designed to assign the identification symbol to each individual secured user data section Ns_ at any desired but always constant location. x-y _z, in particular to precede it, wherein the first component and the second component are further designed to add the synchronization character at least once at any desired but always constant position to each of the secured payload data Ns_x_ y to be inserted, wherein the identification character consists of one or more O-bits and the synchronization character is formed exclusively from 1-bits or wherein the identification character consists of one or more 1-bits and the synchronization character S is formed exclusively from O-bits.

[0049] Advantageously, the synchronization character within a received transmission telegram D seq _x is easily detectable because it is a maximum long range of unchangeable signal states, ie a "forced" data pause. This allows a receiver to prepare for the start of the telegram data D x y within the transmission telegram D seq _x. Ideally, within asynchronous serial data transmission, the synchronization character is formed exclusively from 1 bits using 0 bits as the start bit, with an optional stop bit then consisting of 1 bits. Similarly, using 1 bits as the start bit, the synchronization character is formed exclusively from 0 bits, with an optional stop bit then consisting of 0 bits.

[0050] A further advantage is that even if the telegram data D is sent several times in immediate successionx y by the synchronization character the localization of each individual telegram data D x y within the transmission telegram D seq _x is marked. This allows the transmission of D seq _x via at least one correctly recognized synchronization character the localization, depending on the placement of the synchronization character ideally also the start point and / or the end point, of at least this telegram data item D belonging to this synchronization character x y within the transmission telegram D seq _x is detected and thus the payload N x y be reconstructed itself.

[0051] In a further advantageous embodiment, the first component and the second component are designed to transmit the synchronization character at least once before and / or at least once after the secured user data Ns_x_ y to insert.

[0052] Advantageously, this increases the probability for the receiver to find the beginning of the next telegram data D x y within the transmission telegram D seq _x to be recognized correctly.

[0053] Important features of the method according to the invention for operating a drive system, wherein the drive system comprises a first component, a second component and a communication link, wherein using an asynchronous serial data transmission between the first component and the second component, telegram data D x y in the form of an asynchronous serial data stream over the communication link and where the telegram data D x y Payload data to be transmitted N x y as well as start bits and / or stop bits for synchronization to the telegram data D x ywithin the asynchronous serial data stream are that the first component and / or the second component are transmitters of the payload data N x y is, where in a first step the sender secures user data Ns_x_ y generated by creating a sequence of N x y calculated checksum CRC x-y to the payload N x y is added, whereby in a second step the sender secures user data sections Ns_ x-y _z is generated by the secured payload Ns_x_ y be divided into z equal sections, whereby in a third step the sender can identify and secure user data sections NSE_X_ Y _Z is generated by assigning Ns_ to each secured payload section x-y _z, in particular at any desired but always constant location, at least one identification character is added, whereby in a fourth step the sender sends telegram data D x ygenerated by at least one synchronization character, in particular at any desired but always constant position, before and / or after a block consisting of all recognizable, secured user data sections NSE_X_ Y _Z and / or between two consecutive recognizable, secured payload sections NSE_X_ Y _Z is added, whereby in a fifth step the sender sends a transmission telegram D seq _x is generated by the telegram data D x y n times in immediate succession, i.e. at least twice in total, over the communication link.

[0054] A sender is a component that sends a data request to a second component over the communication link and receives the response from the second component over the same communication link. The actual payload N x-yare easily extended by an additional synchronization mechanism by adding additions that are always structured in the same way, ie the synchronization characters and the identification characters E.

[0055] In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention for operating a drive system, wherein the drive system comprises a first component, a second component and a communication link, wherein using an asynchronous serial data transmission between the first component and the second component, telegram data D x y in the form of an asynchronous serial data stream over the communication link and where the telegram data D x y Payload data to be transmitted N x y as well as start bits and / or stop bits for synchronization to the telegram data D x ywithin the asynchronous serial data stream are that the first component and / or the second component are receivers of the transmission telegrams D seq _x, wherein in a first step the receiver transmits a data stream over the communication link, which contains at least one transmission telegram D seq _x contains, receives and uses the synchronization characters to convert the n individual telegram data D x y , D x _ <y+i), ... , D x n localized and separated from each other, whereby in a second step the receiver receives the first telegram data D x y , in particular D x_i, as current telegram data DA, wherein in a third step the receiver removes the synchronization characters of the current telegram data DA, wherein in a fourth step the receiver removes the identification characters of the z current secured payload data sections NSA_Z of the current telegram data DA, wherein in a fifth step the receiver combines all z current secured payload data sections NSA_I, ..., NSA_Z to form the current, secured payload data NSA, wherein in a sixth step the receiver extracts the current payload data NA and the current checksum CRCA from the current, secured payload data NSA, wherein in a seventh step the receiver checks the integrity of the current payload data NA using the current checksum CRCA and, if the check is passed, either releases the current payload data NA for further use and all subsequently received and repeated telegram data DA+I, D x ndiscards, or if the test fails, the receiver discards the current payload data NA, and either continues with the third step if the current telegram data DA does not contain the last received telegram data D x n are, whereby the receiver uses the next telegram data DA+I as the current telegram data DA, or the drive system reports a communication error if the current telegram data DA exceeds the last received telegram data D x n are.

[0056] A receiver is understood to be a component that receives a data request from a first component via the communication link, processes it and sends the response back to the first component via the same communication link.

[0057] Communication errors are all errors that occur during data transmission between two components, usually caused by electromagnetic interference, which lead to the content of the user data N x y is changed so that a check of the payload N x y based on the corresponding checksum CRC x y results in an error.

[0058] Advantageously, this allows the use of a standard data transmission protocol and, consequently, the use of a standard data communication interface, since the synchronization characters are included as additional “payload data” in the transmission telegram D seq-x can be integrated, allowing any standard data transmission protocol to be used as a "black channel." This means that no special requirements are placed on the communication interface hardware. If the transmission is error-free, only the first telegram data Dx _i evaluated and all redundantly sent subsequent telegram data D x _2, ... , D x y discarded. Sporadic transmission errors are eliminated by the additional and therefore redundant transmission of the telegram data D x y within each transmission telegram D seq-x This makes it possible to transmit data with a constant data transmission time tdtt_ reduced to the technically possible minimum. x In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, several transmission telegrams D seq _x (ie D seq _i, D seq _2, D seq _x) are sent immediately one after the other.

[0059] Advantageously, during a single communication cycle, a group of different payload data Ni_ y , N2_ y , N x yThe payload data within the group differs in its priority or importance within the drive system. It is advisable to send the payload data with the highest priority first. Likewise, payload data that requires very time-intensive processing should also be assigned a high priority.

[0060] What is important in the method for operating a drive system (1) comprising a first component (2), a second component (3) and a communication link (4) is that the communication link (4) is designed to transmit telegram data D x y between the first component (2) and the second component (3) by means of an asynchronous serial data transmission, in particular in a constant data transmission time tdtt_x reduced to the technically possible minimum, wherein the telegram data D x y Payload data to be transmitted N x ywithin the asynchronous serial data stream, where each telegram data D x y is transmitted two or more times in succession, with each telegram data D x y has at least one synchronization character S, to which one or more secured user data sections Ns_ x-y _z, each preceded by the identification character E, in particular where each of these secured user data sections Ns_ x-y _z from the actual payload data N to be transmitted x y and one using this payload N x y checksum CRCx_ y is formed, where the temporal length of each secured payload section Ns_ x-y _z together with the identification character E preceding it always corresponds to the temporal length of the synchronization character S of the respective telegram date D x yis equal to and / or corresponds. The advantage here is that a secure and fast asynchronous serial transmission of user data is ensured, wherein a fault-tolerant data transmission with a constant, reduced maximum cycle time can be achieved. Further advantages arise from the subclaims. The invention is not limited to the combination of features of the claims. Those skilled in the art will recognize further useful combination possibilities of claims and / or individual claim features and / or features of the description and / or the figures, in particular from the task and / or the task arising from a comparison with the prior art.

[0061] The invention will now be explained in more detail using schematic illustrations:

[0062] Figure 1 shows an example of a communication cycle according to the invention for an asynchronous serial data transmission, in which user data N x y exchanged. Here, “x” refers to the index of individual payload data N x and with “y” to the index of possible repetitions of the same individual payload N x .

[0063] This figure shows exactly one communication cycle in which the first component (2) first payload data Ni_ y , in particular comprising a data request, to the second component (3). In response to this first payload data Ni_ y the second component (3) reacts and sends, in particular as a data response to the received data request, second payload data N2_ yto the first component (2). The time required for a communication cycle, ie the communication cycle time t cc t, divided into a processing time t pt _i of the first component (2), in particular for generating the first user data N 1 y , into a data transmission time tdtt_i , in particular for the transmission of the first user data Ni_ y from the first component (2) to the second component (3), in a processing time t p t_2of the second component (3), in particular for processing the first user data Ni_ y and to generate the second payload N 2 y , and into a data transmission time tdtt_2, in particular for the transmission of the user data N 2 y from the second component (3) to the first component (2).

[0064] It is also conceivable that the second component (3) first payload data Ni_ y, in particular comprising a data request, to the first component (2) and in response to this first payload data Ni_ y the first component (2) reacts to it and second payload data N 2 y , in particular as a data response to the received data request, to the second component (3).

[0065] Figure 2 shows an exemplary time course of exactly one communication cycle as a possible prior art, with the time course progressing from top to bottom. It depicts a drive system (1) comprising the first component (2), the second component (3), and the communication link (4), wherein the first component (2) communicates with the second component (3) via the communication link (4) without interference with the user data N x yexchanges. Each of these components (2) or (3) only has a fixed time period tdtt_i or tdtt_2 exclusively available to transmit the payload data Ni_i or N2_I. To transmit the payload data, a request-response or request-reply procedure is conceivable, with which the first component (2) and the second component (3) communicate bidirectionally with each other, wherein the first component (2), for example, as the sender, first transmits a data request in the form of the payload data Ni_i to the second component (3) and the second component (3), as the receiver, subsequently processes the data request and sends back the desired payload data N2_I in response to the data request from the first component (2). As a rule, the respective receiver also generates and sends a type of transmission confirmation to the respective sender in order to inform the sender whether the transmission was successful (Ack) or not (nAck).

[0066] It is an asynchronous serial transmission of the payload data N x-y conceivable, in which a start bit and at least one stop bit are used to provide a receiver with synchronization to individually transmitted sections of the payload data N to be transmitted x y To enable this, these user data N x y usually divided into smaller sections, the payload data sections. The start and stop bits usually have the same but different logical levels, with the start bit typically sent before the payload data section to be transmitted and the stop bit following.

[0067] It is also possible to have an asynchronous serial communication in which the sending and receiving of the payload data N x ydelayed and without blocking the communication process, for example, due to waiting for a response from the sender of the data request. The response time t r , ie the time elapsed between the generation of a data request and the receipt of the response, is variable. One problem here is that an erroneous and thus unrecognized start and / or stop bit may lead to faulty synchronization, whereby the corresponding transmitted payload data section can no longer be reconstructed and whereby the first component (2) within the cycle time t cc t does not receive a valid response. A new transmission of the data is only possible in the next cycle, which means that the total time until the complete and error-free transmission of the payload data N x y noticeably increased.

[0068] Figure 3 shows a possible state of the art in which, within one communication cycle, both the transmission of the first user data Ni_ y from the first component (2) to the second component (3) as well as the transmission of the second payload data N2_ y from the second component (3) to the first component (2) is initially faulty. Possible causes for faulty data transmission include, for example, electromagnetic interference, capacitive and / or inductive coupling on the communication link (4), burst pulses, surge pulses and / or soft errors. The component which transmits the respective transmitted payload data N x y receives, it first checks for integrity (ChkOK?) and reports back to the sending component whether it has the payload N x y either received correctly (Ack) or not (nAck). If the payload data received is incorrect, N x-yThe sending component is then requested to send the payload data N x y to resend.

[0069] For the sake of simplicity, the time period for sending the payload data from the first component (2) to the second component (3) is denoted by tdq, the time period for the confirmation of integrity (Ack or nAck) from the second component (3) to the first component (2) is denoted by tdqa, the time period for sending the payload data from the second component (3) to the first component (2) is denoted by tdr and the time period for the confirmation of integrity (ChkOK or ChkNOK) from the first component (2) to the second component (3) is denoted by td ra designated.

[0070] Based on the communication cycle shown in Figure 3 as an example, with two incorrectly transmitted user data N 1 1 and N1 2 , the time duration tdtt_i is: tdtt_1 = 3 * tdq + 2 * tdqa.

[0071] In addition, there are also two incorrectly transmitted user data N2_I and N2_2, which results in the time duration tdtt_2 being: tdtt_2 = 3 * tdr + 2 * tdra.

[0072] Furthermore, Figure 3 shows that it must be possible to return the confirmation responses (Ack or nAck) within the request phase tdtt_i or the response phase tdtt_2 of the data communication. This means switching the transmission direction, particularly in the case of shared communication media, i.e., using the same communication link (4) for both sending and receiving. Furthermore, the component that receives the confirmation response must also be able to process it in order to be able to resend the incorrectly transmitted payload data as soon as possible. This method proves to be disadvantageous, especially in systems in which it is not possible to react directly to a received message because, for example, received messages can only be processed at certain times (e.g., in systems that use a type of time slot method).

[0073] Figure 4 shows a communication cycle according to the invention of a drive system (1) of two components (2) and (3) in which the strategy of data transmission, in comparison to Figure 2, consists in that the payload data N x y are immediately and repeatedly sequenced at least once. In this case, a component that controls the sender of this payload N x y represents, to another component that acts as the receiver of this payload data N x y acts, transmitted in such a way that the receiver informs the sender of the receipt of this payload data N x y not confirmed or acknowledged. Figure 4 shows an example of an error-free communication cycle in which the first component (2) sends the payload data Ni_ ytransmits a total of three times in immediate succession to the second component (3), specifically in the form of the payload data Ni_i, Ni_2, and N1_3. The first payload data Ni_1 is detected as error-free (ChkOK) during the reception check of the second component (3). Following this, the second component (3) immediately starts processing the payload data Ni_1. The further redundantly transmitted payload data N1_2 and N1_3 are received but discarded because the valid payload data N_1_1 is already present.

[0074] After the processing time t pt_2 of the second component (3), this in turn sends three payload data N2_I, N2_2 and N2_3 back to the first component (2) in immediate succession as a reply. As a further variant of the data transmission according to the invention, the first component (2) now first receives all three sent payload data N2_I, N2_2 and N2_3 and only then, after a certain waiting time twait has elapsed, checks whether one of the received payload data is valid. In the present example of Figure 4, the first payload data N2_I is already valid. The reply from the first component (2) is therefore now available for further processing.

[0075] Figure 5 shows a communication cycle according to the invention of a drive system (1) of two components (2) and (3) according to the same strategy as shown in Figure 4, but with disturbances on the communication link (4). The first component (2) transmits the payload data Ni_ ythree times in immediate succession to the second component (3). In the example of Figure 5, the payload data Ni 1 and N1 2 were transmitted with errors. This was detected by the second component (3) (ChkNOK), and the payload data Ni 1 and N1 2 were subsequently discarded. The third payload data N1 3 was finally received without errors. This is detected by the second component (3) (ChkOK), and subsequently the downstream processing on the second component (3) is started using the payload data N1 3. After the processing time t p t_2, the second component (3) finally sends the response in the form of the payload N2_ yagain three times in immediate succession back to the first component (2). In the present example of Figure 5, the payload data N2_I and N2_2 are again faulty. The first component (2) detects (ChkNOK) that N2_I and N2_2 were transmitted incorrectly and discards them. The payload data N2_3 was detected as error-free (ChkOK) and is finally used for the response.

[0076] Figure 5 shows a direct comparison to Figure 3. It is clearly visible that with the data transmission according to the invention the times tdtt_i and tdtt_2 are significantly shortened and thus the processing time t pt_2 for the second component (3) can be increased accordingly. In addition, there is the advantage that the communication direction no longer needs to be switched during the time course of tdtt_i and tdtt_2, in contrast to Figure 3, whereby the method shown in Figure 5 proves advantageous for systems in which payload data N x y can only be processed at specific times.

[0077] Figure 6 shows the first steps to be taken to ensure the availability of the payload N x y , ie the probability of error-free transmission of user data N x-y , to increase. For this purpose, based on the actual payload data N x y firstly, using a suitable mathematical calculation rule, from these user data N x y a checksum CRC x y calculated. The payload data to be sent represents N x y together with the calculated checksum CRC x y the secured payload Ns_x-y In the next step, these secured payload data Ns_ x-y in z equally sized secured payload data sections Ns_ x-y-z divided.

[0078] As shown in Figure 7, in a subsequent step, each individual secured payload section Ns_ x-y-z supplemented by at least one identification character E. Each secured payload section Ns_ x-y-z in combination with at least one identification character E, the recognizable, secure user data sections NSE_ X-Y-Z . This identification character E can, as shown in Figure 7, be assigned to the secured payload section Ns_ x-y-z In principle, the placement of this identifier E is not limited to this one possibility. Rather, the identifier E can also be placed after a secure payload section Ns_ x-y-z or arbitrarily within a secured payload section Ns_ x-y-zbe integrated, whereby multiple combinations of these are also permitted. However, it must be ensured that the synchronization character S always has a character length that corresponds to the character length of a secured user data section Ns_ x-y-z together with the character length of all inserted identification characters E. Ideally, the identification character E is formed from one or more 0-bits and the synchronization character S exclusively from 1-bits. It would also be conceivable to implement the identification character E from one or more 1-bits, with the synchronization character S then consisting exclusively of 0-bits. This allows the synchronization character S to be inserted within a received transmission telegram D seq-xeasy to detect since it is a maximally long range of unchangeable signal states. Figure 8 shows a possible implementation of the data transmission according to the invention. Here, the user data to be transmitted N x-y by means of a data sequence, the transmission telegram D seq-x , is sent. In this case, the payload data N x y transmitted twice in immediate succession, each time packed within the two identical telegram data D x _i and D x _2. Here, the respective telegram data D x y the user data N extended by the additional synchronization mechanism according to the invention x y . Each of these telegram data D x y in turn consists of at least one synchronization character S, the secured user data sections Ns_ x-y-zand all inserted identification characters E. By later combining all secured payload data sections Ns_ x-y-z to the secured payload data Ns_ x-y , by separating this secured payload Ns_ x-y into the actual payload N x y and the checksum CRC x y and by checking the integrity of this payload N x y using the checksum CRC x y the actual payload data N x y restore. If one of the telegram data D x y during data transmission is corrupted to such an extent that it can no longer be reconstructed without errors, the user data N contained therein are also corrupted x y are faulty and are therefore generally discarded. Only when all transmitted telegram data D x y (according to Figure 8, specifically the two telegram data D x _i and D x _2) the payload N x y (according to Figure 8 the concrete payload data N x_i and N x _2) could not be reconstructed, the drive system (1) reports a communication error F.

[0079] Figure 9 shows a further embodiment of the data transmission according to the invention. The difference from Figure 8 is that several synchronization characters S are used per telegram data D x y In this case, both before the first secured payload section Ns_ x-y _i as well as directly after the last saved payload section Ns_ x-y-z In addition, each synchronization character S is repeated at least once in immediate succession. This increases the probability of reliably accessing the telegram data D even in the case of a very noisy communication link (4). x y synchronize, thereby increasing the overall availability of the payload data N x y is further increased at the recipient.

[0080] Figure 10 shows a further embodiment of the data transmission according to the invention, in which the telegram data D x y be repeated three times each, whereby for all three telegram data D x _i, D x _2 and D x _3 only one synchronization character S immediately after the last saved user data section Ns_ x _i_ z , Ns_ x _2_ z or Ns_ x-y-zis inserted. Finally, Figure 11 shows a drive system (1) in which the data transmission according to the invention is used in multiple ways. This exemplary drive system (1) comprises, on the one hand, a frequency converter (5) and, on the other hand, a drive unit (6), both of which exchange user data bidirectionally, in particular via a coaxial cable, an optical fiber or a radio connection, via an external communication link (11) using their communication means (7) and (8). The frequency converter (5) in turn has a first component (2a), which functions as a MASTER component, and as such, using the user data N a _i_ ya request is sent to a SLAVE component. A monitoring unit, in particular a safety-related monitoring unit, can be conceivable as the first component (2a). The drive unit (6) in turn has a second component (3b), which functions, for example, as this SLAVE component, and as such, using the user data Nb_i_ y a reply Nb_2_ y on the request to the MASTER component, which the first component ultimately sends as payload N a _2_ y receives. A sensor unit, in particular a safety-related sensor unit, for detecting at least one physical variable is conceivable as the second component (3b). The first component (2a) initially communicates with a second component (3a) located in the frequency converter by means of the data transmission according to the invention. This second component (3a) prepares the received user data Na and forwards it to the communication means (7) via an internal communication link (9). The communication means (7) first collects the respective payload data from several internal components, specifically in Figure 11 from the components (3a) and (12) the payload data N to be transmitted. a and N c , and then transmits these via a synchronous time-division multiplexing method to the communication means (8) of the drive unit (6). From there, the received payload data stream is demultiplexed component-by-component into the individual payload data N a or N cdivided, now referred to as payload data Nb or Nd. The payload data Nb is then forwarded to the first component (2b) via an internal communication link (10) of the drive unit (6), from where it is transmitted via a further data transmission according to the invention via the communication link (4b) to the second component (3b) of the drive unit (6), the actual SLAVE component. The payload data Nd is forwarded here in Figure 11, for example, to a further component (13) for further processing. The transmission of the response from the second component (3b) and, if present, the response from component (13) use the same transmission paths, but in reverse order. Time-division multiplexing is understood to mean a method in which payload data, in this case the payload data N a , Nb, N cand Nd, of the various components, here the components (3a), (2b), (12) and (13), are transmitted via the common communication link (11).

[0081] In a synchronous time-division multiplexing method, each of these components is assigned a fixed time period by the multiplexer for transmitting its payload data. This has the advantage that each component can exchange payload data at a constant data transmission rate. However, the payload data to be transmitted must be known to the communication medium (7) or (8) early enough to be able to transmit it within the designated time window. Otherwise, it is either necessary to wait for the next time window or the payload data is discarded. Using the synchronous time-division multiplexing method, the payload data of a component can be identified by its position within the transmitted payload data stream on the communication link (11), which has the advantage of reducing the complexity of demultiplexing this payload data stream. Furthermore, it is also conceivable to combine the synchronous time-division multiplexing method with an asynchronous time-division multiplexing method.In an asynchronous time-division multiplexing method, the multiplexer assigns the next available time slot to the components for transmitting the payload data. This, in turn, has the advantage of optimizing the data transmission rate of the communication link. For example, a specific time slot can always be assigned exclusively to one component, with the remaining time slots being distributed among the other components. This has the advantage that the component with a permanently assigned time slot can exchange its time-critical payload data at a guaranteed and constant data transmission rate, while the data transmission rate of the other components is optimized.

[0082] Furthermore, it is also conceivable that the second component (3a) of the frequency converter (5) and the communication means (7) of the frequency converter (5) or the first component (2b) of the drive unit (6) and the communication means (8) of the drive unit (6) are each integrated in a single electronic component, in particular implemented in a single FPGA. It is also conceivable that the first component (2a) of the frequency converter (5) is pluggably connected to the frequency converter (5) and / or the second component (3b) of the drive unit (6) is pluggably connected to the drive unit (6). This allows different versions of the first component (2a) and / or the second component (3b) to be produced and combined with one another, thereby realizing a modular system for the drive system (1).By means of a double use of the data transmission according to the invention both in the frequency converter (5) and in the drive unit (6), as shown by way of example in Figure 11, the data transmission between the MASTER component and the SLAVE component can be optimized in such a way that the time saved, due to the minimization of the data transmission time between the first component (2a) and the second component (3a) and due to the minimization of the data transmission time between the first component (2b) and the second component (3b), is used to increase the availability on the communication link (11) by means of suitable measures, in particular by means of telegram repetitions.

[0083] Figure 12 shows a further embodiment of the data transmission according to the invention, in which the drive system (1) comprises a first component (2), a second component (3), a communication link (4), and a further component (14). The first component (2) initially sends its data request in the form of concrete user data Ni_ y via the communication link (4) to the second component (3). The further component (14) is capable of transmitting the sent payload data Ni_ y also receive and evaluate redundantly. Furthermore, the further component (14) is capable of exchanging information with the second component (3) via a separate communication link. If the second component (3) and the further component (14) now receive payload data Ni_ y received, this user data Ni_ yinitially evaluated independently by both components (3) and (14), and both components (3) and (14) each generate an independent data response or at least parts of this data response. Subsequently, the further component (14) transmits its calculated data response or parts of this calculated data response to the second component (3). The second component (3) then compares the data response transmitted by the further component (14) or parts of this transmitted data response with the data response it has calculated itself and checks its plausibility. If both data responses are consistent with each other, the second component (3) creates the payload N2_ from a combination of both data responses. y and finally sends this back as a response to the first component (2). If there is a discrepancy between the calculated data responses of the second component (3) and the further component (14), the sending of this payload data N2_ yprevented, whereby the drive system (1) will report a communication error F as a further consequence, since the first component (2) does not receive any user data N2_ within the expected time window. y as a reply. The following list of reference symbols is included in the description:

[0084] List of reference symbols

[0085] 1 - Drive system

[0086] 2 - First component

[0087] 3 - Second component

[0088] 4 - Communication link

[0089] 5 - Frequency converter

[0090] 6 - Drive unit

[0091] 7 - Communication means within the frequency converter to external

[0092] 8 - Communication means within the drive unit to the outside

[0093] 9 - Internal communication link in the frequency converter

[0094] 10 - Internal communication link in the drive unit

[0095] 11 - External communication link between frequency converter and drive unit

[0096] 12 - Additional components of the frequency converter

[0097] 13 - Additional component of the drive unit

[0098] 14 - Additional component

[0099] Ack - message to confirm error-free receipt of the payload data

[0100] ChkNOK - Rejection of the received payload

[0101] ChkOK - Confirmation of error-free receipt of the payload data

[0102] CRCA - Current checksum

[0103] CRC x _y - checksum

[0104] DA - Current telegram data

[0105] DA+I - Next current telegram data

[0106] DL - Data length of one of the telegram data

[0107] DR - Data transfer rate

[0108] Dseq x - transmission telegram

[0109] D x , D x_y - Telegram data

[0110] D x _n - Last telegram data D x y within the transmission telegram D seq _x

[0111] D x _(y+i) - Next telegram data

[0112] E - Identification mark

[0113] F - Communication error

[0114] FR - Error rate NA - Current payload

[0115] N a , Nb, N c , Nd - user data of a specific component

[0116] N a _x_y - User data on the communication link (4a) within the frequency converter

[0117] Nb_x_ y - User data on the communication link (4b) within the drive unit

[0118] NSA - Current secured payload data

[0119] NSA_Z - Current secured payload sections

[0120] Ns_x_ y - Secured user data

[0121] Ns_x_ y_z - Secured payload sections

[0122] NsE_x_ y _z - Recognizable, secured payload sections

[0123] N x , N x _y - User data n - Number of multiple repeated telegram data within the transmission telegram nAck - Message to confirm the faulty reception of the user data

[0124] S - Synchronization character ta_dtt_x, tb_dtt_x - Data transmission time of a specific component tcct - Communication cycle time tchk_x - Check time tdq - Data query time tdqa - Data query acknowledge time tdr - Data response time tdra - Data response acknowledge time tdtt_x, tdtt_i, tdtt_2 - Data transmission time t P d - propagation delay tpt, t P t_x, t pt_i, t P t_2 - processing time t r - Response time t s - Send time (send time) twait - Wait time (wait time) x - Variable for indexing the individual payload data N x y - variable for indexing possible repetitions of the same individual payload N x or

[0125] Telegram data D x z - Variable for indexing the individual secured payload data sections Ns

[0126] [a] - Mathematical rounding function, with [a] := min {ke Z | k > a}

[0127] Z - set of integers {... , -3, -2, -1 , 0, 1 , 2, 3, ...}

Claims

Patent claims:

1. Drive system (1) comprising a first component (2), a second component (3) and a communication link (4), which are designed such that, using an asynchronous serial data transmission between the first component (2) and the second component (3), telegram data D x y in the form of an asynchronous serial data stream over the communication link (4) and that the telegram data D x y Payload data to be transmitted N x y as well as start bits and / or stop bits for synchronization to the telegram data D x y within the asynchronous serial data stream, characterized in that the telegram data D x y transmitted multiple times and in immediate succession, whereby the telegram data D x y include an additional synchronization mechanism and the time required for error-free transmission of the payload data N x y, the data transmission time tdtt_ x , is minimized.

2. Drive system (1) according to claim 1, wherein depending on a number n of telegram data D to be transmitted multiple times and in immediate succession x y the data transmission time tdtt_x results from the sum of the transmission times t s the n identical telegram data sent D x _i , , D x n , a propagation delay t P d and a review time t C hk- 3. Drive system (1) according to claim 1, wherein depending on a number n of telegram data D to be transmitted multiple times and in immediate succession x y the data transmission time tdtt_ x results from the sum of the transmission times t s the n identical telegram data sent D x _i, ... , D x n , a propagation delay t P d, from the sum of the checking times t C hk and a waiting time twait- 4. Drive system (1) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the transmission time t s results from the quotient of the data length DL of a single telegram data D x y and the data transmission rate DR with which the telegram data D x y be transferred.

5. Drive system (1) according to claim 4, wherein the number n results from the data length DL, the data transmission rate DR and a maximum error rate FR.

6. Drive system (1) according to claim 5, wherein the number n results from the mathematical relationship:

7. Drive system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the drive system (1) has a communication cycle with a maximum communication cycle time t cct wherein the communication cycle consists in that the first component (2) transmits payload data Ni y , to the second component (3) and then the second component (3) transmits user data N2_y to the first component (2), whereby the communication cycle time t cc t from a processing time t pt _i of the first component (2), a data transmission time tdtt_i , a processing time t p t_2of the second component (3) and a data transmission time tdtt_2.

8. Drive system (1) according to one of claims 7, wherein the payload data N 2 y component (2) or (3) waiting in response to a previously made request reports a communication error F to the drive system (1) as soon as the user data N 2 y not within the maximum communication cycle time tcct of the waiting component (2) or (3).

9. Drive system (1) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the additional synchronization mechanism comprises at least one synchronization symbol S, wherein the first component (2) and / or the second component (3) are designed to transmit the telegram data D multiple times and in immediate succession. x y to a transmission telegram D seq-x to summarize, whereby the telegram data D x y secured payload Ns_ x-y and which comprise at least one synchronization character S, wherein the secured payload data Ns_ x-y from the actual payload data N to be transmitted x y and one using the payload data N x y checksum CRC x y be generated.

10. Drive system (1) according to claim 9, wherein the additional synchronization mechanism comprises an identification symbol E, wherein the first component (2) and the second component (3) are designed to transmit the secured user data Ns_x_ yin z equally sized secured payload data sections Ns_ x-y _z, where each secured payload section Ns_ x-y _z is supplemented by an identification character E, whereby the synchronization character S has the same character length as a secured user data section Ns_ x-y-z including the identification character E, where the combination of the secured payload section Ns_ x-y-z and identification character E is always distinguished from the synchronization character S, whereby each secured payload section Ns_ x-y-z including the identification character E and each synchronization character S represents a data character to be transmitted by means of asynchronous serial data transmission.

11. Drive system (1) according to claim 10, wherein the first component (2) and the second component (3) are designed to assign the identification symbol E at any desired but always constant location to each individual secured user data section Ns_ x-y _z, in particular to precede it, wherein the first component (2) and the second component (3) are further designed to add the synchronization character S at least once at any desired but always constant position to each of the secured user data Ns_x_ y to be inserted, wherein the identification character E consists of one or more O-bits and the synchronization character S is formed exclusively from 1-bits or wherein the identification character E consists of one or more 1-bits and the synchronization character S is formed exclusively from O-bits.

12. Drive system (1) according to claim 11, wherein the first component (2) and the second component (3) are designed to transmit the synchronization character S at least once before and / or at least once after the secured user data Ns_x_ y to insert.

13. Method for operating a drive system (1), in particular according to one of the Claims 10 to 12, wherein the drive system (1) comprises a first component (2), a second component (3) and a communication link (4), wherein using an asynchronous serial data transmission between the first component (2) and the second component (3) telegram data D x y in the form of an asynchronous serial data stream over the communication link (4) and wherein the telegram data D x y Payload data to be transmitted N x y as well as start bits and / or stop bits for synchronization to the telegram data D x ywithin the asynchronous serial data stream, wherein the first component (2) and / or the second component (3) is a transmitter of the payload data N x y is, where in a first step the sender secures user data Ns_ x-y generated by creating a sequence of N x y calculated checksum CRC x y to the payload N x y is added, whereby in a second step the sender secures user data sections Ns_ x-y-z generated by the secured payload Ns_ x-y be divided into z equal sections, whereby in a third step the sender can identify and secure user data sections NSE_ X-Y _Z is generated by assigning Ns_ to each secured payload section x-y-z , in particular at any desired but always constant location, at least one identification character E is added, whereby in a fourth step the sender sends telegram data D x ygenerated by at least one synchronization character S, in particular at any desired but always constant position, before and / or after a block consisting of all recognizable, secured user data sections NSE_ X-Y-Z and / or between two consecutive recognizable, secure payload sections NSE_ X-Y-Z is added, In a fifth step, the sender sends a transmission telegram D seq _x is generated by the telegram data D x y n times in immediate succession, i.e. at least twice in total, via the communication link (4).

14. Method for operating a drive system (1), in particular according to one of the Claims 10 to 12, wherein the drive system (1) comprises a first component (2), a second component (3) and a communication link (4), wherein using an asynchronous serial data transmission between the first component (2) and the second component (3) telegram data D x y in the form of an asynchronous serial data stream over the communication link (4) and wherein the telegram data D x y Payload data to be transmitted N x y as well as start bits and / or stop bits for synchronization to the telegram data D x y within the asynchronous serial data stream, wherein the first component (2) and / or the second component (3) are receivers of the transmission telegrams D seq-x wherein in a first step the receiver receives a data stream via the communication link (4) which comprises at least one transmission telegram D seq-xcontains, receives and uses the synchronization characters S to convert the n individual telegram data D x y , D x _( y +i), ... , D x n localized and separated from each other, whereby in a second step the receiver receives the first telegram data D x y , in particular D x _i, as current telegram data DA, wherein in a third step the receiver removes the synchronization characters S of the current telegram data DA, wherein in a fourth step the receiver removes the identification characters E of the z current secured payload data sections NSA_Z of the current telegram data DA, wherein in a fifth step the receiver combines all z current secured payload data sections NSA_I, ..., NSA_Z TO the current, secured payload data NSA, Wherein in a sixth step, the receiver extracts the current payload data NA and the current checksum CRCA from the current, secured payload data NSA, Wherein in a seventh step, the receiver checks the integrity of the current payload data NA using the current checksum CRCA and, if the check is passed, either releases the current payload data NA for further use and all subsequently received and repeated telegram data DA+I, ... , D x _n, or if the test fails, the receiver discards the current payload data NA, and either continues with the third step if the current telegram data DA does not contain the last received telegram data D x n are, whereby the receiver uses the next telegram data DA+I as the current telegram data DA, or the drive system (1) reports a communication error if the current telegram data DA exceeds the last received telegram data D x n are.

15. A method for operating a drive system (1) according to claim 13 or 14, wherein during a communication cycle several transmission telegrams D seq _x (ie Dseq_i, D se q_2, D se q_x) are sent immediately one after the other.

16. Method for operating a drive system (1) comprising a first component (2), a second component (3) and a communication link (4), wherein the communication link (4) is designed to transmit telegram data D x y between the first component (2) and the second component (3) by means of an asynchronous serial data transmission, in particular in a constant data transmission time tdtt_x reduced to the technically possible minimum, wherein the telegram data D x y Payload data to be transmitted N x y within the asynchronous serial data stream, where all telegram data D x ytransmitted two or more times in succession, whereby all telegram data D x y have at least one synchronization character S, to which one or more secured user data sections Ns_ x-y _z, each preceded by the identification character E, in particular where each of these secured user data sections Ns_ x-y _z from the actual payload data N to be transmitted x y and one using this payload N x y checksum CRC x-y is formed, where the temporal length of each secured payload section Ns_ x-y _z together with the identification character E preceding it always corresponds to the temporal length of the synchronization character S of the respective telegram data D x y equals and / or corresponds.

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