Earphone

Abstract

Disclosed in the present application is an earphone. The earphone comprises a core module and a hook-shaped structure connected to the core module, wherein the core module and the hook-shaped structure are configured to jointly grip the ear from a front side and a rear side of the ear in a worn state, the core module forms a first contact area at the front side of the ear, and the hook-shaped structure forms a second contact area at the rear side of the ear. The earphone further comprises a photoelectric sensor, which at least comprises a light source and a photodetector, wherein one of the light source and the photodetector is arranged in the first contact area, and the other one of the light source and the photodetector is arranged in the second contact area. In this way, the present application can improve the precision of a photoelectric sensor.

Description

earphone

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application 2024104830005 entitled "An Earphone", filed on April 21, 2024. [Technical Field]

[0002] This application relates to the technical field of electronic devices, and in particular to headphones. [Background Technology]

[0003] With the increasing prevalence of electronic devices, they have become indispensable social and entertainment tools in people's daily lives, and people's demands for these devices are also rising. Headphones and smart glasses, for example, are widely used. As people pay more attention to health, they desire to monitor various physiological characteristics. However, for common physiological characteristic detection—such as heart rate monitoring—the sensor and the human body must maintain a relatively stable state, and there are specific requirements for the physiological position of the sensor. How to maintain a stable relative position between the headphones and the human body during movement, and how to improve the accuracy of sensor detection, are currently major challenges. [Summary of the Invention]

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, one technical solution adopted in this application is to provide an earphone, which includes a core module and a hook-shaped structure connected to the core module. The core module and the hook-shaped structure are configured to clamp the ear from both the front and back sides when worn. The core module forms a first contact area on the front side of the ear, and the hook-shaped structure forms a second contact area on the back side of the ear. The earphone also includes a photoelectric sensor, which includes at least one light source and one photoelectric detector. One of the light source and the photoelectric detector is disposed in the first contact area, and the other of the light source and the photoelectric detector is disposed in the second contact area.

[0005] In some embodiments, the first contact area is located within the concha cavity and at least partially overlaps with the second contact area in the ear thickness direction of the ear region corresponding to the concha cavity, and the light source and photodetector are located within the overlapping area of ​​the first contact area and the second contact area.

[0006] In some embodiments, the mechanism module is a speaker module, and the hook-shaped structure includes a battery module and a connection structure connecting the speaker module and the battery module, wherein the battery module forms a second contact area.

[0007] In some embodiments, the light source is disposed in the second contact area, the photodetector is disposed in the first contact area, and the earphone includes a control circuit that is electrically connected to the light source and the photodetector, respectively, and the control circuit is located in the core module.

[0008] In some embodiments, the light source is disposed in the first contact area, and the photodetector is disposed in the second contact area.

[0009] In some embodiments, the mechanism module includes a first housing assembly with a first window area, the hook-shaped structure includes a second housing assembly with a second window area, and the light source and photodetector correspond to the first window area and the second window area, respectively.

[0010] In some embodiments, the earphone has a first transparent cover in a first window area and a second transparent cover in a second window area. The first transparent cover covers the outside of one of the light source and the photodetector, and the second transparent cover covers the outside of the other of the light source and the photodetector.

[0011] In some embodiments, one of the light source and the photodetector is disposed in the first window area, and the other of the light source and the photodetector is disposed in the second window area.

[0012] In some embodiments, the photodetector has a photosensitive surface, and when worn, the distance from the photosensitive surface to the ear is 0.5mm-5mm.

[0013] In some embodiments, the distance from the photosensitive surface to the ear is 1mm-3.5mm, or, when worn, the distance from the photosensitive surface to the ear is 2mm-3mm.

[0014] In some embodiments, the headphones include a rigid shell and a flexible support disposed on the rigid shell. When worn, the flexible support abuts against the ear, and a photodetector is supported on the flexible support and configured to move with the flexible support relative to the rigid shell.

[0015] In some embodiments, the headphones further include a control circuit, which is electrically connected to the light source and the photodetector, respectively. The control circuit is configured to adjust the intensity of the detection light emitted by the light source based on the signal strength of the detection signal output by the photodetector.

[0016] In some embodiments, the control circuit adjusts the duty cycle of the PWM signal input to the light source based on the DC component of the probe signal during the initialization process, so that the DC component is within a preset range. The control circuit is also configured to set the PWM signal using the duty cycle determined during the initialization process in subsequent detection processes.

[0017] In some embodiments, the control circuit is configured to apply a PWM signal to the light source intermittently, wherein the frequency of the PWM signal is greater than or equal to 240 kHz and less than or equal to 480 kHz.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: This application sets the light source and photodetector of the photoelectric sensor on the front and back sides of the ear, respectively, so that the detection light emitted by the light source carries relevant feature information such as heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration and blood oxygen saturation after passing through the human tissue of the ear. Thus, the photodetector can accurately calculate information such as heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration and blood oxygen saturation after collecting the detection light that has passed through the human tissue of the ear. Compared with reflective detection light, this setting can more effectively reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection signal of the photoelectric sensor and reduce the interference of other detection lights that do not carry features such as heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration and blood oxygen saturation, thereby improving the accuracy of the photoelectric sensor. [Attached Image Description]

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the front outline of the user's ear as described in this application;

[0020] Figure 2 is a side-view three-dimensional structural diagram of an embodiment of the earphone provided in this application;

[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the earphone embodiment shown in Figure 2 when worn on the ear;

[0022] Figure 4 is a side-view three-dimensional structural diagram of another embodiment of the earphone provided in this application;

[0023] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the earphone embodiment shown in Figure 4 when worn on the ear;

[0024] Figure 6 is a partial circuit structure diagram of an embodiment of the earphone provided in this application;

[0025] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the disassembled mechanism of the earphone embodiment shown in Figure 4;

[0026] Figure 8 is an electrocardiogram (ECG) detected when the earphone embodiment of this application is worn on the left ear and the distance from the photosensitive surface to the ear is 0 mm.

[0027] Figure 9 is an electrocardiogram (ECG) obtained when the earphone embodiment of this application is worn on the left ear and the distance from the photosensitive surface to the ear is 4 mm.

[0028] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of another side three-dimensional structure of the headphone embodiment shown in Figure 4;

[0029] Figure 11 is a side view of the three-dimensional structure of the earphone embodiment shown in Figure 4;

[0030] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the earphone embodiment shown in Figure 11 along section line AA;

[0031] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the light source PWM signal during the initialization process of the control process of an embodiment of the earphone in this application;

[0032] Figure 14 is an electrocardiogram when the duty cycle of the light source PWM signal is 100% in one embodiment of the earphone of this application;

[0033] Figure 15 is an electrocardiogram when the duty cycle of the light source PWM signal is 50% in one embodiment of the earphone of this application;

[0034] Figure 16 is an electrocardiogram of the light source PWM signal in one embodiment of the earphone of this application when the duty cycle of the PWM signal is 50% and the frequency of the PWM signal is 60KHz.

[0035] Figure 17 is an electrocardiogram of the light source PWM signal in one embodiment of the earphone of this application when the duty cycle of the PWM signal is 50% and the frequency of the PWM signal is 120KHz.

[0036] Figure 18 is an electrocardiogram of the light source PWM signal in one embodiment of the earphone of this application when the duty cycle of the PWM signal is 50% and the frequency of the PWM signal is 240KHz.

[0037] Figure 19 is an electrocardiogram (ECG) of an earphone embodiment of this application when the duty cycle of the light source PWM signal is 50% and the PWM signal frequency is 480 kHz. [Specific implementation method]

[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0039] The reference to "embodiment" in this application means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application can be combined with other embodiments.

[0040] The following is an exemplary description of the headphones in the example embodiment.

[0041] Referring to Figure 1, the user's ear 100 may include physiological parts such as the external auditory canal 101, the concha 102, the cymba conchae 103, the triangular fossa 104, the antihelix 105, the scaphoid fossa 106, the helix 107, and the antitragus 108. While the external auditory canal 101 has a certain depth and extends to the tympanic membrane of the ear 100, for ease of description and in conjunction with Figure 1, unless otherwise specified, the external auditory canal 101 specifically refers to its entrance (i.e., the ear canal) away from the tympanic membrane. Furthermore, the physiological parts such as the concha 102, the triangular fossa 104, and the cymba conchae 103 have a certain volume and depth. The concha 102 is directly connected to the external auditory canal 101, meaning the aforementioned ear canal can be simply considered as being located at the bottom of the concha 102.

[0042] Furthermore, individual differences may exist among different users, resulting in variations in the shape, size, and other dimensions of the earpiece 100. To facilitate description and reduce (or even eliminate) these individual differences, a simulator containing a head and its (left and right) earpieces 100 can be manufactured based on ANSI:S3.36, S3.25, and IEC:60318-7 standards. Examples include the GRAS 45BC KEMAR, HEAD Acoustics, B&K 4128 series, or B&K 5128 series, to represent the scenario of most users wearing the headphones 200. Taking the GRAS KEMAR as an example, the earpiece 100 simulator can be any one of the GRAS 45AC, GRAS 45BC, GRAS 45CC, or GRAS 43AG; taking HEAD Acoustics as an example, the earpiece 100 simulator can be any one of the HMS II.3, HMS II.3LN, or HMS II.3LN HEC. Therefore, in this application, descriptions such as "user wearing headphones 200," "headphones 200 in a wearing state," and "in a wearing state" can refer to the headphones 200 being worn on the ear 100 of the aforementioned simulator. Of course, due to individual differences among users, the headphones 200 worn by different users may differ from the headphones 200 being worn on the ear 100 of the aforementioned simulator, but such differences should be tolerable.

[0043] It should be noted that in medicine, anatomy, and other fields, the human body can be defined by three basic planes: the sagittal plane, the coronal plane, and the horizontal plane; and three basic axes: the sagittal axis, the coronal axis, and the vertical axis. The sagittal plane is a section perpendicular to the ground along the anteroposterior direction of the body, dividing the body into left and right parts. The coronal plane is a section perpendicular to the ground along the left-right direction of the body, dividing the body into anterior and posterior parts. The horizontal plane is a section parallel to the ground along the vertical direction of the body, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts. Correspondingly, the sagittal axis is the axis along the anteroposterior direction of the body and perpendicular to the coronal plane; the coronal axis is the axis along the left-right direction of the body and perpendicular to the sagittal plane; and the vertical axis is the axis along the vertical direction of the body and perpendicular to the horizontal plane. Furthermore, the "front side of the ear 100" mentioned in this application is a concept relative to "back side of the ear 100." The former refers to the side of the ear 100 away from the head, while the latter refers to the side of the ear 100 facing the head. Both refer to the user's ear 100. Specifically, by observing the ear 100 of the simulator along the direction of the human coronal axis, a schematic diagram of the front outline of the ear 100 shown in Figure 1 can be obtained.

[0044] The Headphone 200 is an audio converter that can receive electrical signals from a media player or receiver and convert them into sound waves that the user can hear.

[0045] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 2 to 4, the earphone 200 may include a mechanism module 210 and a hook-shaped structure 220 connected to the mechanism module 210. The mechanism module 210 and the hook-shaped structure 220 are configured to clamp the ear 100 from both the front and rear sides when worn. The mechanism module 210 forms a first contact area 211 on the front side of the ear 100, and the hook-shaped structure 220 forms a second contact area 221 on the rear side of the ear 100.

[0046] In some embodiments, the mechanism module 210 may be a speaker module, and the hook structure 220 may include a battery module 222 and a connection structure 223 connecting the speaker module and the battery module 222. In some embodiments, the speaker module is a sound playback device, which can be used to convert electrical signals into sound signals (also referred to as "sound waves" or "sound signals") and transmit them to the user's ear 100. In some embodiments, the battery module 222 may contain a battery and / or a circuit board, etc. Of course, the battery module 222 may also omit the circuit board, antenna, etc., and instead install the circuit board, antenna, etc., into the connection structure 223 or the mechanism module 210.

[0047] When worn, the movement module 210 can be located in front of the ear 100, the battery module 222 can be located behind the ear 100, and the two ends of the connection structure 223 can be connected to the movement module 210 and the battery module 222 respectively.

[0048] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the earphone 200 can be an ear-hook type earphone, with the connecting structure 223 hanging between the user's ear and head, so that the core module 210 and the battery module 222 clamp the ear 100. In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the earphone 200 can be an ear clip type earphone, with the connecting structure 223 surrounding the outside of the ear helix 107, so that the core module 210 and the battery module 222 clamp the ear 100. Of course, in other embodiments, the earphone 200 can also be a behind-the-ear type earphone or other shapes, which will not be specifically listed here.

[0049] In the earphone 200, the connection structure 223 can be replaced by other structures that can be worn on the user's head, such as ribbons, clamps, ring structures, hats, brackets, or U-shaped structures, to connect the core module 210 and the battery module 222, thereby enabling the earphone 200 to be worn.

[0050] As shown in Figures 2 to 4, the earphone 200 may include a photoelectric sensor 230, which includes at least a light source 231 and a photodetector 232.

[0051] One of the light source 231 and the photodetector 232 is disposed in the first contact area 211, and the other of the light source 231 and the photodetector 232 is disposed in the second contact area 221.

[0052] The photoelectric sensor 230 is a sensor based on optical principles. It can measure the attenuated light transmitted and absorbed through human blood vessels and tissues, and can record the pulsation state of blood vessels and measure pulse waves to measure other biometric indicators such as heart rate, respiration, and blood oxygen saturation.

[0053] Light source 231 is a device that emits electromagnetic waves (including visible light and invisible light such as infrared) within a certain wavelength range. Light source 231 can directly convert electrical energy into light energy; for example, light source 231 can be an LED lamp or a fluorescent lamp. Photodetector 232 is a component with a photosensitive element. Photodetector 232 can detect and receive light signals and convert the light signals into detection signals (such as electrical signals).

[0054] Specifically, the first contact area 211 and the second contact area 221 are located on the front and rear sides of the ear 100, respectively. One of the light source 231 and the photodetector 232 is disposed in the first contact area 211, and the other of the light source 231 and the photodetector 232 is disposed in the second contact area 221. Therefore, the light source 231 and the photodetector 232 are also located on the front and rear sides of the ear 100, respectively.

[0055] The earphone 200 controls the light source 231 to emit detection light on one side of the ear 100, while the photodetector 232 detects the detection light on the other side of the ear 100. Therefore, the detection light emitted by the light source 231 can penetrate the blood vessels and tissues of the ear 100. During this process, the detection light is absorbed by the blood vessels and tissues of the ear 100, resulting in attenuation of the user's pulsation state and pulse wave. The photodetector 232, located on the other side of the ear 100, can detect the detection light emitted by the light source 231 that has penetrated the ear 100 and convert the light signal into a detection signal. The earphone 200 can then further process and calculate the user's measured heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration, and blood oxygen saturation, among other biometric indicators, based on the detection signal output by the photodetector 232. In other words, by utilizing the characteristics of the light signal extracted from the ear's optical information as described above, the earphone 200 is not limited to measuring the user's heart rate but can also measure the user's respiration and blood oxygen saturation, among other biometric indicators.

[0056] Currently, some earphones 200 on the market typically place the light source 231 and the photodetector 232 on the same side of the ear 100. The photodetector 232 collects the detection light emitted by the light source 231 and reflected by the skin tissue of the ear 100, thereby detecting features such as heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration, and blood oxygen saturation. However, because the reflected detection light may be directly reflected by the skin surface and not reach the blood vessels inside the skin tissue, most reflected detection lights do not carry features such as heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration, and blood oxygen saturation. Therefore, the photodetector 230 for detecting reflected detection light has a high signal-to-noise ratio and poor detection accuracy.

[0057] In contrast, in this embodiment, the light source 231 and the photodetector 232 are positioned on the front and rear sides of the ear 100. The detection light emitted by the light source 231 must pass through the human tissue of the ear 100 before it is received by the photodetector 232. It carries strong features related to heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration, and blood oxygen saturation. This allows the photodetector 232 to collect and detect the detection light that has passed through the human tissue of the ear 100, enabling the earphone 200 to process the information with features such as heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration, and blood oxygen saturation more accurately. This reduces the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection signal and reduces interference from other light sources that do not carry features such as heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration, and blood oxygen saturation, thereby improving the accuracy of the photodetector 230.

[0058] In some embodiments, the number of light sources 231 can be multiple, and the number of photodetectors 232 can also be multiple.

[0059] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 2 to 4, the first contact area 211 may be located within the concha 102, and at least partially overlaps with the second contact area 221 in the ear thickness direction of the ear portion 100 corresponding to the concha 102. The light source 231 and the photodetector 232 are located within the overlapping area of ​​the first contact area 211 and the second contact area 221. This embodiment utilizes the fact that the concha 102 is relatively thin and rich in blood vessels, making the detected heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration, and blood oxygen saturation more obvious. Moreover, the direction and position of the blood vessels in this area are relatively regular, making it easier to select the position of the photodetector 230 on the earphone 200. The shape of the concha 102 is also good for fixing the earphone 200, making it more stable when worn.

[0060] In this context, the ear thickness direction refers to the thickness direction of the ear portion 100 held by the earphone 200, specifically the direction of the distance between the front and rear sides of the ear portion 100. When worn, the clamping direction between the battery module 222 and the mechanism module 210 is the ear thickness direction. For example, if the earphone 200 is an ear-hook type, the ear thickness direction when clamped on the ear portion 100 can be as shown by direction X in Figure 3. Alternatively, if the earphone 200 is an ear-clip type, the ear thickness direction when clamped on the ear portion 100 can also be as shown by direction X in Figure 3.

[0061] Specifically, the first contact area 211 and the second contact area 221 are arranged to overlap at least partially in the ear thickness direction X of the ear region 100. The light source 231 and the photodetector 232 are positioned within the overlapping area of ​​the first contact area 211 and the second contact area 221. This allows the detection light emitted by the light source 231 in the first contact area 211 to directly pass through the ear tissue 100 to reach the photodetector 232 in the second contact area 221. This arrangement also prevents the light path from becoming too long, reducing light attenuation and minimizing the possibility of insufficient effective signal acquisition due to excessive dispersion of effective light. Furthermore, the corresponding positions of the light source 231 and the photodetector 232 allow the light source 231 to block other detection lights, reducing interference from other detection lights (not emitted by the light source 231), thereby improving the accuracy of the photoelectric sensor 230.

[0062] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 2 to 4, the battery module 222 may form a second contact area 221.

[0063] Specifically, since the battery module 222 has more space than the connection structure 223, it is more conducive to the installation of the light source 231 or the photodetector 232.

[0064] Since the connecting structure 223 is connected to the mechanism module 210 at one end and the battery module 222 at the other end, the position of the battery module 222 is more convenient to overlap with the mechanism module 210 in the ear thickness direction X. Moreover, in the wearing state, the battery module 222 and the mechanism module 210 can form a clamping state on the front and back sides of the ear 100. Therefore, setting the mechanism module 210 to form the first contact area 211 and setting the battery module 222 to form the second contact area 221 can facilitate the overlap of the first contact area 211 and the second contact area 221 in the ear thickness direction X.

[0065] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the light source 231 may be disposed within the second contact area 221, and the photodetector 232 may be disposed within the first contact area 211. In other words, the light source 231 may be disposed within the battery module 222, and the photodetector 232 may be disposed within the core module 210. As shown in Figure 6, the earphone 200 may include a control circuit 240. The control circuit 240 is electrically connected to both the light source 231 and the photodetector 232.

[0066] The control circuit 240 is one of the core components of the headset 200, responsible for processing various input signals and generating corresponding control output signals based on the processing results. For example, the control circuit 240 may include an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. Alternatively, the control circuit 240 may include a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. For example, the control circuit 240 may also include a Bluetooth chip, an inertial sensor, an audio signal processor, and an antenna, etc.

[0067] The control circuit 240 can control the light source 231 to emit detection light, and can also receive the detection signal output by the photodetector 232, thereby processing and calculating the detection signal output by the photodetector 232 to obtain characteristic information such as the user's heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration and blood oxygen saturation from the detection signal.

[0068] In some embodiments, the control circuit 240 may be located within the mechanism module 210. Specifically, placing both the photodetector 232 and the control circuit 240 within the mechanism module 210 facilitates electrical connection between them and optimizes wiring. Furthermore, compared to placing the photodetector 232 and the control circuit 240 separately within the mechanism module 210 and the hook structure 220, placing them within the same module shortens the wiring between them, reducing signal loss and interference from other factors during transmission, thereby improving signal quality and enhancing the accuracy of the heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration, and blood oxygen saturation information obtained by the control circuit 240 from processing the signal.

[0069] Of course, in other embodiments, the control circuit 240 may also be located in the battery module 222 or the connection structure 223.

[0070] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG4, the light source 231 may be disposed in the first contact area 211, and the photodetector 232 may be disposed in the second contact area 221. In other words, the light source 231 may be disposed in the core module 210, and the photodetector 232 may be disposed in the battery module 222.

[0071] Since the photodetector 232 needs to detect and collect the light source 231, the photosensitive surface 2321 of the photodetector 232 that collects the light source 231 needs a certain light-collecting area. The contour of the back of the ear 100 is usually relatively flat, and the curvature inside the concha 102 is relatively large. Therefore, by placing the photodetector 232 in the second contact area 221 located on the back of the ear 100, the photodetector 232 can fit better on the ear 100, thereby reducing interference from other detection lights and improving the accuracy of the photodetector 230.

[0072] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG7, the mechanism module 210 may include a first housing assembly 212. A first window area 2121 is formed on the first housing assembly 212. The hook-shaped structure 220 includes a second housing assembly 224, which has a second window area 2221. The light source 231 and the photodetector 232 correspond to the first window area 2121 and the second window area 2221, respectively.

[0073] The second housing assembly 224 can be disposed on the battery module 222 in the hook structure 220. When the battery module 222 and the core module 210 are clamped on the front and rear sides of the ear 100, both the first housing assembly 212 and the second housing assembly 224 abut against the ear 100.

[0074] By opening a window area on each of the first housing assembly 212 and the second housing assembly 224, and corresponding the light source 231 and the photodetector 232 to the two window areas respectively, the first housing assembly 212 and the second housing assembly 224 can prevent the obstruction and weakening of the detection light emitted by the light source 231. This allows the detection light emitted by the light source 231 to directly pass through the human tissue of the ear 100, and the detection light transmitted from the human tissue of the ear 100 can be directly collected by the photodetector 232. This ensures the light intensity of the light source 231, making it easier for the control circuit 240 to process and extract the user's heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration and blood oxygen saturation and other characteristic information from the detection signal converted by the photodetector 232, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the photoelectric sensor 230 of the earphone 200.

[0075] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG7, the earphone 200 may be provided with a first transparent cover 250 in the first window area 2121 and a second transparent cover 260 in the second window area 2221. The first transparent cover 250 may be disposed outside one of the light source 231 and the photodetector 232, and the second transparent cover 260 may be disposed outside the other of the light source 231 and the photodetector 232.

[0076] The first transparent cover 250 and the second transparent cover 260 are made of transparent and colorless materials, such as PMMA (acrylic), PS (polystyrene), or PC (polycarbonate). The first transparent cover 250 and the second transparent cover 260 can respectively block the first window area 2121 and the second window area 2221.

[0077] Specifically, the light source 231 and the photodetector 232 can be respectively disposed inside the first housing assembly 212 and the second housing assembly 224, and respectively correspond to the first window area 2121 and the second window area 2221, with transparent covers respectively provided in the first window area 2121 and the second window area 2221. Alternatively, the light source 231 and the photodetector 232 can be respectively disposed in the first window area 2121 and the second window area 2221, with transparent covers respectively provided on the side of the first window area 2121 and the second window area 2221 near the ear 100.

[0078] When the earphone 200 is worn, the light source 231, the first transparent cover 250, the human tissue of the ear 100, the second transparent cover 260, and the photodetector 232 are arranged sequentially in the ear thickness direction X.

[0079] This configuration allows the first transparent cover 250 and the second transparent cover 260 to block the first window area 2121, thus isolating the light source 231 from the outside world and the photodetector 232 from the outside world. This reduces the risk of water droplets, dust, or metal particles falling into the first window area 2121 and the second window area 2221 and damaging the light source 231 and the photodetector 232. It also reduces the risk of external substances falling into the first window area 2121 and the second window area 2221 and blocking the detection light emitted by the light source 231, thereby improving the detection effect of the photodetector 230.

[0080] In some embodiments, one of the light source 231 and the photodetector 232 may be disposed in the first window area 2121, and the other of the light source 231 and the photodetector 232 may be disposed in the second window area 2221.

[0081] Specifically, the light source 231 and the photodetector 232 can respectively block the first window area 2121 and the second window area 2221. When worn, the light source 231 and the photodetector 232 can be directly attached to the ear 100 tissue. Alternatively, when worn, the light source 231 and the photodetector 232 can be located in the first window area 2121 and the second window area 2221 respectively, and be in contact with the outside of the earphone 200, without being directly attached to the ear 100.

[0082] This configuration reduces the space occupied by the light source 231 and the photodetector 232 on the first housing assembly 212 and the second housing assembly 224, thereby improving the space utilization of the earphone 200. It also reduces the loss of the detection light from the light source 231 during its propagation to the photodetector 232, thereby improving the detection effect of the photoelectric sensor 230.

[0083] In some embodiments, the housing surrounding the first window area 2121 and the second window area 2221 may be opaque, so that the housing surrounding the first window area 2121 and the second window area 2221 can block external ambient light, and the detection light of the light source 231 can pass through the first window area 2121 and the second window area 2221, which can reduce the ambient light collected by the photodetector 232 other than the light from the light source 231, thereby reducing the interference noise in the detection signal generated in the photodetector 232 and improving the detection accuracy of the photoelectric sensor 230.

[0084] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 4 and 7, the photodetector 232 may have a photosensitive surface 2321. In the wearing state, the distance from the photosensitive surface 2321 to the ear 100 is 0.5mm-5mm. For example, in the wearing state, the distance from the photosensitive surface 2321 to the ear 100 is 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm, or 5mm.

[0085] In some cases, when worn, the photosensitive surface 2321 is parallel to the wall of the corresponding concha 102, and the distance from the photosensitive surface 2321 to the ear 100 is the same as the distance from the photosensitive surface 2321 to the wall of the concha 102. In other cases, the photosensitive surface 2321 and the wall of the corresponding concha 102 are curved surfaces, in which case the distance from the photosensitive surface 2321 to the ear 100 is the shortest distance from the center point of the photosensitive surface 2321 to the wall of the concha 102.

[0086] The photosensitive surface 2321 of the photodetector 232 refers to the side of the photodetector 232 used to collect detection light. When worn, the photosensitive surface 2321 of the photodetector 232 is close to the ear 100 and corresponds to the light source 231 in the ear thickness direction X, so as to collect the detection light emitted by the light source 231.

[0087] Because the skin surface of the ear has many fine hairs, if the photosensitive surface 2321 is too close to the ear 100, the hairs on the ear 100 will rub against the photodetector 232, thus affecting the light detected by the photosensitive surface 2321. On the other hand, as light from the light source passes through the tissue of the ear 100, it enters the skin or blood from the air medium, then passes through the blood or skin and enters the air medium on the other side of the ear. During this process, the light from the light source will undergo multiple refractions. As the photosensitive surface 2321 moves from close contact with the ear 100 to further away, the light is refracted and diffused at a larger angle. Therefore, some light is lost, refracted into areas outside the photosensitive surface 2321, forming dissipated light. This lost light includes both effective light containing information such as heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration, and blood oxygen saturation, and ineffective light that does not contain these information. Since the dissipation of both is essentially the same, the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection signal that loses dissipated light remains essentially unchanged for the photodetector 232. Additionally, some light from the light source is refracted first into areas outside the photosensitive surface 2321, and then further refracted into the area of ​​the photosensitive surface 2321 to replenish it, ultimately forming enhanced light that enters the photosensitive surface 2321 from outside the ear. This enhanced light is primarily formed by refraction from blood vessels in the ear tissue 100. The enhanced light originating outside the area corresponding to the photosensitive surface 2321 travels a long path within the ear 100, resulting in a higher proportion of signals carrying characteristics such as effective heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration, and blood oxygen saturation. This effectively enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of the photodetector 232. Therefore, maintaining a certain distance between the photosensitive surface 2321 and the ear 100 can further improve the detection accuracy of the photodetector 230.

[0088] In other words, since the light source 231 and the photodetector 232 are perfectly aligned on both sides of the ear 100, when the photodetector 232 is in close contact with the skin surface of the ear, it mainly collects light at a small angle (a small angle between the photodetector 232 and the surface of the photodetector 232). The main components of this light are direct light and serpentine light. Direct and serpentine light have short paths and mainly carry static tissue information (i.e., they do not carry information on heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration, and blood oxygen saturation). In contrast, light scattered multiple times within the tissue has a longer path and is more susceptible to the influence of blood flow. However, the angle at which the scattered light exits the skin is random. As the distance between the photodetector 232 and the ear 100 increases, the field of view of the photodetector 232 expands, allowing it to capture light signals with longer scattered paths. The main components of these light signals are dynamic information (i.e., they contain information carrying heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration, and blood oxygen saturation). However, the distance between the photodetector 232 and the ear 100 cannot increase indefinitely, because the light intensity decreases exponentially with distance. Therefore, as the distance between the photodetector 232 and the ear 100 increases, the dynamic information will show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.

[0089] If, when worn, the distance from the photosensitive surface 2321 to the ear 100 is less than 0.5 mm, the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection signal obtained by the photoelectric sensor 230 is low, and its detection effect is poor. If, when worn, the distance from the photosensitive surface 2321 to the ear 100 is greater than 5 mm, it indicates that the distance between the photosensitive surface 2321 and the ear 100 is relatively large, and the distance between the light source 231 and the photosensitive surface 2321 is also relatively large. Therefore, the detection light emitted by the light source 231 will experience more loss in the process of reaching the photosensitive surface 2321, and the photosensitive surface 2321 is also more likely to detect other light emitted by non-light sources 231. This makes the photoelectric sensor 230 susceptible to the influence of ambient light, which will reduce the detection accuracy of the photoelectric sensor 230.

[0090] Specifically, the wearing test of the earphone 200 can be conducted using the controlled variable method. For example, when the earphone 200 is worn in the left ear and the distance from the photosensitive surface 2321 to the ear 100 is 0mm, the electrocardiogram (ECG) measured by the photoelectric sensor 230 is shown in Figure 8. When the earphone 200 is worn in the left ear and the distance from the photosensitive surface 2321 to the ear 100 is 4mm, the ECG measured by the photoelectric sensor 230 is shown in Figure 9. Comparing the results shown in Figures 8 and 9, it can be seen that the signal quality shown in Figure 9 is better and has less noise than that shown in Figure 8. Therefore, the signal quality is worse when the distance from the photosensitive surface 2321 to the ear 100 is 0mm, and better when the distance is 4mm.

[0091] Therefore, by setting the distance from the photosensitive surface 2321 to the ear 100 to 0.5mm-5mm, the signal-to-noise ratio and perfusion ratio of the signal acquired by the photoelectric sensor 230 can be improved, thereby improving the signal quality detected by the photoelectric sensor 230.

[0092] In some embodiments, hot melt adhesive can be applied to the earphone 200 shell corresponding to the photosensitive surface 2321 side of the photodetector 232 to maintain a distance between the photodetector 232 and the ear 100 when worn. Alternatively, when the photodetector 232 is disposed in the first window area 2121 or the second window area 2221, the shell corresponding to the first window area 2121 or the second window area 2221 can be provided with a sufficiently thick thickness to maintain a distance between the photodetector 232 and the ear 100. Alternatively, the first transparent cover 250 or the second transparent cover 260 can be disposed between the photodetector 232 and the ear 100, and the thickness of the first transparent cover 250 or the second transparent cover 260 located between the photodetector 232 and the ear 100 can be set to 0.5mm-5mm to maintain a distance between the photodetector 232 and the ear 100.

[0093] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 10 to 12, the earphone 200 may include a rigid housing 270 and a flexible support 280 disposed on the rigid housing 270. In the wearing state, the flexible support 280 may abut against the ear 100, and the photodetector 232 may be supported on the flexible support 280 and configured to move with the flexible support 280 relative to the rigid housing 270.

[0094] The flexible support 280 has relatively high bending and twisting capabilities, can deform under external force, and can restore its original shape after the external force is removed. For example, the flexible support 280 can be made of flexible materials such as silicone or rubber.

[0095] Specifically, one of the core module 210 and the battery module 222 may be provided with a flexible support 280, and the photodetector 232 may be supported on the flexible support 280. When the flexible support 280 deforms, the photodetector 232 may move with the flexible support 280.

[0096] Both the first housing assembly 212 and the second housing assembly 224 may be provided with a rigid housing 270. When worn, the first housing assembly 212 and the second housing assembly 224 of the earphone 200 are clamped on both sides of the human body tissue of the ear 100, and the rigid housing 270 in the first housing assembly 212 and the second housing assembly 224 can apply a clamping force to the ear 100 so that the earphone 200 is worn on the ear 100, and the flexible support 280 can also abut against the ear 100 and fit against the ear 100.

[0097] When the user is in motion, the earphone 200 clipped to the ear 100 will shake accordingly. The flexible support 280, being an elastic element capable of deformation, is fixed to the rigid shell 270 with its side facing it. Therefore, this side of the flexible support 280 will move synchronously with the rigid shell 270. Furthermore, the side of the flexible support 280 facing the ear 100 will be in close contact with the ear 100 during wear. Thus, the side of the flexible support 280 facing the ear 100 will move during its movement. During the process, the movement of the photodetector 232 tends to be similar to that of the ear 100. At this time, the movement state inside the flexible support 280 is between the movement state of the rigid shell 270 and the ear 100. Obviously, the movement state of the photodetector 232, which is set inside the flexible support 280, will also be between the movement state of the rigid shell 270 and the ear 100. The closer it is to the ear 100, the closer the movement state of the photodetector 232 is to the movement state of the ear 100. During the movement, the fluctuation of the distance between the photodetector 232 and the ear is smaller, and the detection result is more accurate.

[0098] Therefore, by setting the photodetector 232 to be supported on the flexible support 280 and to move with the flexible support 280, the influence of the movement of the rigid shell 270 on the movement of the photodetector 232 can be reduced. This makes the movement of the photodetector 232 more similar to the movement of the ear 100, thereby reducing the impact of the user's movement amplitude on the photodetector 232. Moreover, the position of the photodetector 232 relative to the ear 100 is not easily changed, which can reduce the interference of ambient light on the photodetector 232 and also reduce the possibility of misalignment between the relative position of the photodetector 232 and the light source 231, thereby reducing interference noise in the detection signal and improving the detection accuracy of the photodetector 230.

[0099] Furthermore, placing the flexible support 280 in the area where the earphone 200 clamps the ear 100 can improve the wearing comfort of the earphone 200, thereby enhancing the user experience.

[0100] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG12, the flexible support 280 may include a transparent portion 281 and a non-transparent portion 282. A photodetector 232 is disposed in the transparent portion 281. When viewed along the interval direction between the photodetector 232 and the light source 231, the non-transparent portion 282 is located on the periphery of the transparent portion 281.

[0101] Specifically, the non-transparent part 282 is located around the transparent part 281. The transparent part 281 can transmit light emitted by the light source 231, while the non-transparent part 282 around the transparent part 281 can block external ambient light. This reduces the amount of ambient light collected by the photodetector 232 other than the light from the light source 231, thereby reducing interference noise in the detection signal generated in the photodetector 232 and improving the detection accuracy of the photodetector 230.

[0102] In some embodiments, when worn, the distance from the photosensitive surface 2321 to the ear 100 can be 1mm-3.5mm. For example, the distance from the photosensitive surface 2321 to the ear 100 can be 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, or 3.5mm.

[0103] To ensure more accurate detection results, the distance between the photodetector 232 and the ear 100 is set to 1mm-3.5mm. This allows the photodetector 232 in the flexible support 280 to be closer to the ear 100, thereby making the movement state of the photodetector 232 closer to the movement state of the ear 100, thus improving the detection results of the photodetector 230.

[0104] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 10 to 12, both the movement module 210 and the battery module 222 may be provided with flexible supports 280, and the photodetector 232 and the light source 231 may be supported on the two flexible supports 280 respectively. In the wearing state, the flexible supports 280 provided on the movement module 210 and the battery module 222 can deform and fit snugly against the ear 100, and the photodetector 232 and the light source 231 are both configured to move relative to the rigid shell 270 along with the corresponding flexible support 280.

[0105] Therefore, when the user is in motion, the earphone 200 clamped to the user's ear 100 will shake. The photodetector 232 and the light source 231 in the earphone 200 move relative to the rigid shell 270 along with the corresponding flexible support 280. Thus, the movement of the photodetector 232 and the light source 231 tends to be more in line with the movement of the ear 100, thereby reducing the impact of the movement of the rigid shell 270 of the earphone 200 on the photodetector 232 and the light source 231. Moreover, the position of the photodetector 232 and the light source 231 relative to the ear 100 is not easily changed, thereby reducing the possibility of misalignment between the relative positions of the photodetector 232 and the light source 231, reducing interference noise in the detection signal, and improving the detection accuracy of the photoelectric sensor 230 of the earphone 200.

[0106] In some embodiments, when worn, the distance from the photosensitive surface 2321 to the ear 100 is 2mm-3mm. For example, the distance from the photosensitive surface 2321 to the ear 100 can be 2mm, 2.3mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.3mm, or 3.5mm. This setting can better improve the detection accuracy of the photoelectric sensor 230.

[0107] In some embodiments, the control circuit 240 may be configured to adjust the intensity of the detection light emitted by the light source 231 based on the signal strength of the detection signal output by the photodetector 232.

[0108] Because different users have different skin tones and varying thicknesses of ear tissue, the detection light emitted by the light source 231 experiences different levels of loss as it passes through the ear tissue. For example, when a user's ear skin is darker, darker skin absorbs light more effectively, resulting in greater loss of the detection light emitted by the light source 231 as it passes through the ear tissue. This leads to poorer detection signal quality from the photodetector 232 corresponding to the detection light.

[0109] In order to obtain a detection signal with comparable intensity and good quality, the intensity of the detection light from the light source 231 can be calibrated after the user wears the headphones 200.

[0110] Specifically, when worn, the control circuit 240 can determine the signal strength of the detection signal output by the photodetector 232. When the signal strength is determined to be weak, the control circuit 240 can increase the intensity of the detection light emitted by the light source 231, so that the photodetector 232 generates a stronger detection signal corresponding to the stronger detection light. When the signal strength is determined to be very strong, the signals related to characteristics such as heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration, and blood oxygen saturation in the detection signal will be less obvious. Therefore, the control circuit 240 can reduce the intensity of the detection light emitted by the light source 231, so that the signal strength of the detection signal generated by the photodetector 232 corresponding to the detection light falls within an appropriate range.

[0111] This configuration allows the photoelectric sensor 230 in the earphone 200 to adapt to different users. When different users wear the earphone 200, the photoelectric sensor 230 can generate detection signals with similar signal strength and good quality, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the photoelectric sensor 230 in the earphone 200.

[0112] In some embodiments, the control circuit 240 uses PID regulation to adjust the light intensity of the detection light from the light source 231. PID regulation is a fundamental regulation method in classical control theory, and it is a linear regulation law with proportional, integral, and derivative actions.

[0113] In some embodiments, the control circuit 240 may adjust the duty cycle of the PWM signal input to the light source 231 based on the DC component of the probe signal during the initialization process, so that the DC component is within a preset range.

[0114] The initialization process can occur every time the earphone 200 is worn. Specifically, each time the user wears the earphone, the control circuit 240 adjusts the duty cycle of the PWM signal input to the light source 231 based on the DC component of the detected signal, ensuring the DC component remains within a preset range. In some embodiments, the initialization process can be the initial use of the earphone 200, where the control circuit 240 enters the initialization process the first time the user wears it. In some embodiments, the initialization process can be determined by the user. For example, the earphone 200 can communicate with the user's terminal device, allowing the user to control the control circuit 240 to enter the initialization process via the terminal device, or the user can directly manipulate the earphone 200 to control the control circuit 240 to enter the initialization process.

[0115] The control circuit 240 can adjust the intensity of the detection light emitted by the light source 231 based on the signal strength of the detection signal output by the photodetector 232 during the initialization process.

[0116] The photodetector 232 outputs a detection signal based on the detection light, which has both DC and AC components. Since the detection light passes through the ear 100 tissue, it carries characteristic changes in the user's heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration, and blood oxygen saturation. The AC component of the detection signal also contains characteristic information such as the user's heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration, and blood oxygen saturation. However, the influence of static tissues such as human skin and the ear 100 thickness on the detection light is almost constant. Therefore, adjusting the intensity of the detection light based on the DC component of the detection signal is necessary to reduce the impact of static tissues such as human skin and the ear 100 thickness on the detection signal quality.

[0117] The PWM signal of the light source 231 refers to a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal. The control circuit 240 can adjust the voltage of the light source 231 based on the adjustment of the pulse width in the PWM signal, thereby equivalently obtaining the required detection signal waveform (signal shape and signal amplitude). In other words, the control circuit 240 can adjust the energy intensity change of the signal by adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal.

[0118] Adjusting the pulse width in a PWM signal is equivalent to adjusting the duty cycle. The duty cycle in a PWM signal refers to the percentage of time the signal is at a high level within one cycle. Therefore, adjusting the duty cycle means changing the proportion of the conduction time to the total time.

[0119] The preset range of the DC component corresponds to the signal strength of the detection signal. When the DC component is within the preset range, the control circuit 240 can generate a detection signal of better quality based on the detection signal, with a high signal-to-noise ratio and a clearly visible pulse wave. The preset range can be obtained through sampling tests during the testing phase of the earphone 200.

[0120] During initialization, the control circuit 240 controls the light source 231 to emit detection light. The photodetector 232 samples the light passing through the ear tissue 100 and outputs a corresponding detection signal, determining whether the DC component of the detection signal is within a preset range. If not, as shown in Figure 13, the control circuit 240 adjusts the duty cycle of the PWM signal of the light source 231 based on the sampled detection signal, i.e., adjusts the proportion of the conduction time to the total time. This continuously controls the duty cycle of the output PWM signal waveform, thereby causing the voltage of the light source 231 to change. The control circuit 240 continues to adjust to stabilize the DC component of the detection signal within the preset range.

[0121] By adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal of the light source 231 to detect the signal strength, the control signal can be adjusted without digital-to-analog conversion of the detection signal, which can reduce the noise of the detection signal and thus improve the accuracy of signal adjustment.

[0122] The control circuit 240 can also be configured to set the PWM signal using the duty cycle determined during the initialization process in subsequent detection processes. That is, after the initialization process is completed, the control circuit 240 may not continuously sample, but instead adjust the PWM signal of the light source 231 based on the duty cycle determined during the initialization process to adjust the detection light of the light source 231.

[0123] Since the influence of static tissues such as human skin and ear thickness (100mm) on the detection light is almost constant, the DC component of the detection signal can be stabilized within a preset range after the duty cycle is determined during initialization. This eliminates the influence of factors such as human skin and ear thickness on the signal strength of the detection signal. This setting simplifies the process of the earphone 200 detecting features such as heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration, and blood oxygen saturation while ensuring the quality of the detection signal.

[0124] In some embodiments, the control circuit 240 may be configured to apply a PWM signal to the light source 231 intermittently.

[0125] The control circuit 240 can control the light source 231 to generate detection light of different wavelengths. The intermittent mode means that the control circuit 240 controls the detection light of different wavelengths to be emitted alternately. As an example, the control circuit 240 can control the light source 231 to generate infrared detection light or green detection light. The green light and the infrared detection light can flash alternately for testing. For example, the green light can be set to be constantly on, and the infrared detection light can be adjusted to a 50% duty cycle.

[0126] By applying PWM signals to the light source 231 intermittently and alternately, the two detection lights can be mutually corrected, thereby ensuring the quality of the detection signal.

[0127] The frequency of the PWM signal can be greater than or equal to 240KHz and less than or equal to 480KHz. For example, the frequency of the PWM signal can be 240KHz, 280KHz, 300KHz, 340KHz, 380KHz, 400KHz, 440KHz, or 480KHz.

[0128] Due to the performance limitations of the light source 231, the detection signal is susceptible to noise interference when the duty cycle is low. For example, as shown in Figures 14 and 15, under the same conditions, Figure 14 shows an electrocardiogram with a 100% duty cycle, and Figure 15 shows an electrocardiogram with a 50% duty cycle. It can be concluded that the detection signal with a 50% duty cycle has more noise than the detection signal with a 100% duty cycle. Therefore, it can be concluded that the detection signal is significantly affected by noise when the duty cycle is low.

[0129] On the one hand, signals above 300Hz are aliased into the floor noise, and the bandpass filter of the hardware analog system can attenuate high-frequency noise, thus reducing aliasing noise. Therefore, setting a higher PWM signal frequency can reduce noise. On the other hand, due to the voltage or current spikes generated when the control circuit 240 switches on and off, a higher PWM signal frequency results in lower ripple caused by the corresponding spikes compared to lower frequencies, thereby reducing edge coupling noise. Therefore, setting the PWM signal frequency to be greater than or equal to 240kHz and less than or equal to 480kHz can reduce noise.

[0130] Specifically, the controlled variable method can be used to detect the heart rate signal corresponding to different PWM signal frequencies. As an example, as shown in Figures 16 to 19, with a duty cycle of 50%, Figure 16 shows the electrocardiogram (ECG) at a PWM signal frequency of 60 kHz, Figure 17 shows the ECG at a PWM signal frequency of 120 kHz, Figure 18 shows the ECG at a PWM signal frequency of 240 kHz, and Figure 19 shows the ECG at a PWM signal frequency of 480 kHz. Comparing Figures 16, 17, 18, and 19, it can be seen that, with a fixed duty cycle, the heart rate signal has a low signal-to-noise ratio and significant noise interference at PWM signal frequencies of 60 kHz and 120 kHz, while the heart rate signal has less noise at PWM signal frequencies of 240 kHz and 480 kHz. Therefore, noise can be reduced by adjusting the frequency of the PWM signal.

[0131] If the frequency of the PWM signal is less than 240kHz, as shown in Figures 16 and 17, the noise amplitude in the heart rate signal is also high, and the signal quality of the heart rate signal is poor. If the frequency of the PWM signal is greater than 480kHz, the excessively high frequency of the PWM signal will increase the burden on the light source 231 and the control circuit 240.

[0132] In summary, this application places the light source 231 and photodetector 232 of the photoelectric sensor 230 on the front and rear sides of the ear 100, respectively. This allows the detection light emitted by the light source 231 to carry relevant feature information such as heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration, and blood oxygen saturation after passing through the human tissue of the ear 100. As a result, the photodetector 232 can accurately calculate information such as heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration, and blood oxygen saturation after collecting the detection light that has passed through the human tissue of the ear 100. Compared with reflective detection light, this arrangement can more effectively reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection signal of the photoelectric sensor and reduce interference from other detection lights that do not carry features such as heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration, and blood oxygen saturation, thereby improving the accuracy of the photoelectric sensor 230.

[0133] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and does not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made using the content of this application's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An earphone, characterized in that, The earphone includes a mechanism module and a hook-shaped structure connected to the mechanism module. The mechanism module and the hook-shaped structure are configured to clamp the ear from both the front and back sides when worn. The mechanism module forms a first contact area on the front side of the ear, and the hook-shaped structure forms a second contact area on the back side of the ear. The earphone also includes a photoelectric sensor, which includes at least a light source and a photodetector, wherein one of the light source and the photodetector is disposed in the first contact area, and the other of the light source and the photodetector is disposed in the second contact area.

2. The earphone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first contact area is located within the concha cavity and at least partially overlaps with the second contact area in the ear thickness direction of the ear region corresponding to the concha cavity. The light source and the photodetector are located within the overlapping area of ​​the first contact area and the second contact area.

3. The earphone according to claim 2, characterized in that, The core module is a speaker module, and the hook-shaped structure includes a battery module and a connection structure connecting the speaker module and the battery module. The battery module forms the second contact area.

4. The earphone according to claim 2, characterized in that, The light source is disposed in the second contact area, the photodetector is disposed in the first contact area, the earphone includes a control circuit, the control circuit is electrically connected to the light source and the photodetector respectively, and the control circuit is located in the core module.

5. The earphone according to claim 2, characterized in that, The light source is disposed in the first contact area, and the photodetector is disposed in the second contact area.

6. The headphones according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The mechanism module includes a first housing assembly with a first window area, and the hook-shaped structure includes a second housing assembly with a second window area. The light source and the photodetector correspond to the first window area and the second window area, respectively.

7. The earphone according to claim 6, characterized in that, The earphone has a first transparent cover in the first window area and a second transparent cover in the second window area. The first transparent cover covers the outside of one of the light source and the photodetector, and the second transparent cover covers the outside of the other of the light source and the photodetector.

8. The earphone according to claim 6, characterized in that, One of the light source and the photodetector is disposed in the first window area, and the other of the light source and the photodetector is disposed in the second window area.

9. The earphone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photodetector has a photosensitive surface, and when worn, the distance between the photosensitive surface and the ear is 0.5mm-5mm.

10. The earphone according to claim 9, characterized in that, When worn, the distance from the photosensitive surface to the ear is 1mm-3.5mm, or When worn, the distance from the photosensitive surface to the ear is 2mm-3mm.

11. The earphone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The earphone includes a rigid shell and a flexible support disposed on the rigid shell. In the wearing state, the flexible support abuts against the ear, and the photodetector is supported on the flexible support and configured to move with the flexible support relative to the rigid shell.

12. The earphone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The earphone also includes a control circuit, which is electrically connected to the light source and the photodetector respectively. The control circuit is configured to adjust the intensity of the detection light emitted by the light source based on the signal strength of the detection signal output by the photodetector.

13. The earphone according to claim 12, characterized in that, During the initialization process, the control circuit adjusts the duty cycle of the PWM signal input to the light source based on the DC component of the detection signal so that the DC component is within a preset range. The control circuit is also configured to set the PWM signal using the duty cycle determined during the initialization process in subsequent detection processes.

14. The earphone according to claim 13, characterized in that, The control circuit is configured to apply the PWM signal to the light source intermittently, wherein the frequency of the PWM signal is greater than or equal to 240KHz and less than or equal to 480KHz.

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