Dielectric cleaning fluid for cleaning electrical equipment without disconnection from the power supply

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of cleaning agents and the maintenance of electrical equipment, and more particularly to a tung oil-based dielectric cleaning fluid for cleaning electrical equipment without disconnecting same from the power supply. The claimed dielectric cleaning fluid is highly effective at removing contaminants from electrical equipment and exhibits a high insulating capacity, as well as being highly environmentally friendly (in particular, the fluid contains biodegradable ingredients) and harmless to the environment.

Description

[0001] Cleaning dielectric liquid for cleaning electrical equipment without disconnecting from the power supply. Technical field

[0002] The invention relates to the field of cleaning agents and maintenance of electrical equipment, more specifically to a cleaning dielectric liquid for cleaning electrical equipment without disconnecting it from the power supply.

[0003] State of the art

[0004] Equipment contamination occurs at any facility, which in turn increases the risk of failure. The main types of contamination of electrical equipment include industrial dust, dirt, oil and grease deposits, carbon deposits, soot, and conductive contaminants. Various contaminants easily accumulate on the external insulation of power equipment, such as power transformers, resulting in reduced insulation performance, increased leakage current, compromised electrical network safety, and increased need for and frequency of cleaning. Electrified cleaning technology for electrical equipment refers to a cleaning and maintenance technology used to quickly and thoroughly remove dust, oil stains, moisture, salinity, carbon stains, and other deep contaminants from circuit surfaces using a cleaning agent with high insulation, non-flammability, easy evaporation, and eco-friendliness properties., provided that the electrical appliances and power equipment are not interrupted, and that professional tools are used, equipment, and tools must comply with professional operating regulations. Therefore, this type of cleaning requires a cleaning agent that is highly effective at removing various contaminants, such as dust, oil stains, static particles, and others. This agent must be used while the electrical equipment is in normal operating condition. It is also important that such a cleaning agent does not adversely affect the operation of the equipment [CN115466651].

[0005] At present, the main cleaning of power equipment is physical cleaning and chemical cleaning. Currently, the most widely used cleaners are hydrocarbon cleaners and cleaners based on halogenated hydrocarbons. Most of the traditional cleaning agents are cleaning agents such as trichloromethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, freon, etc., and the advantages of these cleaning agents include high cleaning ability, high evaporation rate, non-flammability, good electrical conductivity, etc., but there are also problems of strong toxicity, ozone layer damage, harm to human health, environmental pollution, and other problems. A cleaning agent for electrical equipment is known from the prior art, which contains from 1 to 5% of one or more alcohol-ether solvents, from 5 to 10% dichloromethane, from 30 to 50% tetrachloroethylene, from 0 to 10% limonene [CN 102660403].

[0006] Also known from the prior art is an electrified insulating cleaning agent for electrical and mechanical equipment. The electrified insulating cleaning agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts trichloroethylene, 20-25 parts divinylethylene glycol, 5-10 parts ethyl acetate, and 16-35 parts methyl acetate [CN112226301].

[0007] A cleaning agent for electrical equipment insulation is known from the prior art, comprising tetrachloroethylene, dichlorofluoroethane, and D60 oil solvent. This agent has a low odor, high ability to remove dust and oil stains, and is non-corrosive to the material being cleaned [CN 105273869].

[0008] Despite the availability of various cleaning agents for electrical equipment, there remains a need to develop new and effective formulations that meet all modern environmental and efficiency requirements for such products.

[0009] Disclosure of invention

[0010] The objective of the present invention is to develop a cleaning dielectric liquid for cleaning electrical equipment without disconnecting it from the power supply.

[0011] The stated problem is solved by means of a dielectric cleaning liquid for cleaning electrical equipment, including tung oil and a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons of the C-10 - C-13 fraction and, optionally, at least one target additive, wherein the ratio of tung oil and the mixture of saturated hydrocarbons of the C-10 - C-13 fraction is from 3:1 to 1:10.

[0012] In particular embodiments of the invention, tung oil has a density of 0.933 - 0.945 g / cm 3 , acidity not higher than 7 mg / g, iodine number greater than or equal to 140.

[0013] In particular embodiments of the invention, the mixture of saturated hydrocarbons of the C-10 - C-13 fraction is a mixture of saturated alkanes with a molecular weight of 146 to 184, with an initial boiling point of at least 140 °C.

[0014] In particular embodiments of the invention, the ratio of tung oil and a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons of the C10-C13 fraction is 3:1 or 1:1.

[0015] In particular embodiments of the invention, the target additive is an additive.

[0016] In particular embodiments of the invention, the additive is a sulfonol, polysorbate, lauryl glucoside, ethoxylated higher alcohol, cetyl stearyl alcohol, or a mixture thereof. In particular embodiments of the invention, the additive is a sterically hindered alkyl phenol, alkyl phosphate, alkyl phosphonate, alkyl amine, or higher carboxylic acid and its salt.

[0017] In particular embodiments of the invention, the content of the additive in the liquid composition is 0.1-1 wt.%.

[0018] In particular embodiments of the invention, the content of the target additive in the liquid composition is 0.1-1 wt.%.

[0019] In particular embodiments of the invention, the ratio of components in the composition of the liquid according to the invention is as follows, in wt.%: tung oil 75; mixture of saturated hydrocarbons of fraction C-10 - C-13 25.

[0020] In particular embodiments of the invention, the ratio of components in the composition of the liquid according to the invention is as follows, in wt.%: tung oil 50; mixture of saturated hydrocarbons of fraction C-10 - C-13 50.

[0021] In particular embodiments of the invention, the ratio of components in the composition of the liquid according to the invention is as follows, in wt.%: tung oil 75; a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons of the C-10 - C-13 fraction 24.9; lauryl glucoside 0.1.

[0022] The present invention also includes the production of a cleaning dielectric liquid for cleaning electrical equipment without disconnecting it from the power supply according to the invention.

[0023] As a result of implementing the invention, the following technical results are achieved:

[0024] - a new and effective dielectric cleaning liquid has been developed for cleaning electrical equipment without disconnecting it from the power supply (in particular, in networks up to 110 kV), including tung oil and a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons;

[0025] - the cleaning dielectric liquid according to the invention is characterized by high efficiency in removing contaminants from electrical equipment, high insulating capacity, in combination with high environmental friendliness (in particular, the liquid contains biodegradable components) and safety for the environment;

[0026] - the cleaning dielectric liquid according to the invention is capable of preventing re-contamination of electrical equipment from the aggressive influence of the external environment, as a result it helps to extend the service life of electrical equipment and reduce energy losses in networks; - the cleaning dielectric liquid according to the invention allows its easy and quick application by various methods accepted in this field of technology and use in the corresponding electrical equipment with minimal labor costs;

[0027] - the developed dielectric cleaning liquid effectively improves the safety of electrical equipment operation, prevents short circuits and power losses, solves the problem of cleaning and servicing electrical equipment without disconnecting it from the power supply, as a result, the cleaning liquid according to the invention eliminates the problem of technological downtime of equipment, which usually occurs when the power supply is turned off.

[0028] The liquid according to the invention has a faint smell of tung oil (a specific (but not unpleasant) smell), is non-toxic and non-hazardous if safety requirements are observed (in particular, do not swallow, do not inhale the aerosol, etc.).

[0029] The risk of short circuits and electrical losses is significantly reduced, in particular due to the ability of the liquid according to the invention to remove electrically conductive and hydrophilic (accumulating atmospheric moisture) contaminants: carbon deposits, dust, and others.

[0030] The use of the liquid according to the invention prevents electrical losses that lead to heating and short circuits, which in turn can cause fires and emergency power outages for many users.

[0031] Detailed disclosure of the invention

[0032] Brief description of the drawings.

[0033] Figure 1. Diagram of the installation for a comparative study of the cleaning ability of the compositions according to the invention.

[0034] Figure 2. Macrophotograph of the adhesive spread of the liquid according to the invention through the pores of the polymer insulating material, destroyed due to atmospheric influences:

[0035] 1. pores on a polymer insulator destroyed by atmospheric influences;

[0036] 2. direction of adhesive spread of liquid through the pores.

[0037] Definitions (terms)

[0038] For a better understanding of the present invention, certain terms used in this description of the invention are provided below. The following definitions apply throughout this document unless otherwise specified.

[0039] In this description and in the following claims, unless the context otherwise requires, the words "have," "include," and "contain," or variations thereof, such as "has," "having," "includes," "including," "contains," or "comprising," are to be understood as including the stated whole or group of wholes, but not excluding any other whole or group of wholes. These terms are not intended to be construed as "consists solely of."

[0040] The term "and / or" means one, more than one, or all of the listed elements.

[0041] Also here, listing numeric ranges by endpoints includes all numbers within that range.

[0042] Tung oil is a mixture of natural triglycerides of fatty acids: 66-82% eleostearic, 4-13% oleic, 9-11% linoleic, approximately 2.5% stearic, and 3.7% palmitic. In the soil, it undergoes bacterial-enzymatic hydrolysis followed by oxidation to carbon dioxide and water over a period ranging from several days to months. Tung oil, as used herein, is defined as an oil with the following characteristics:

[0043] 1) density 0.933 - 0.945 g / cm 3 , outside the specified range, the oil contains a significant amount of impurities and is potentially unsuitable for use;

[0044] 2) oil acidity from 0 to no more than 7 mg / g, preferably below 2 mg / g; high oil acidity increases the conductivity of the medium, reduces the dielectric strength of the liquid and can potentially cause corrosion of the treated surface;

[0045] 3) iodine number not lower than 140, preferably higher than 160 and up to 250; a high iodine number indicates a large number of double bonds (unsaturation) of the oil, which, in turn, leads to increased strength of the resulting film;

[0046] The mixture of saturated hydrocarbons of the C-10-C-13 fraction is a mixture of saturated alkanes with a molecular weight from 146 to 184 and has the following characteristics:

[0047] 1) the onset of boiling is not lower than 140 °C; an earlier onset of boiling leads to an increased rate of evaporation and uneven drying of the mixture;

[0048] 2) the mass fraction of alkanes below CI is no more than 2%; higher values ​​may lead to a decrease in the fire resistance of the composition;

[0049] 3) the mass fraction of alkanes above C13 is no more than 2%; higher values ​​may lead to the composition solidifying at temperatures above -5 C.

[0050] Some specific variants of the specified mixture are liquid petroleum paraffin C10-C13 (OOO "SPETSKRASKI", Russia) or liquid paraffin C 10 / 13 (TD Lider, Russia).

[0051] In this document, an additive is understood to mean a substance that improves the technological or consumer properties (in order of priority): dissolving capacity, washing and peeling capacity (surfactants), strength and uniformity of the formed film, rate of film formation and chemical resistance, fire safety (flame retardants), flowability, freezing point (antifreezes), color, odor, etc. The additive is soluble in the liquid according to the invention. Before being added to the liquid composition, the additive may be, for example, in liquid or solid form (e.g., in the form of particles). If the additive is presented in liquid form, it must be miscible with the dielectric liquid without forming a two-phase liquid system, i.e., it must be dissolved in the dielectric liquid. If the additive is presented in solid form, it must be soluble in the dielectric liquid, i.e.,it must be presented in the form of molecules dissolved (preferably completely dissolved) in the dielectric liquid, without the appearance of undissolved particles suspended in the dielectric liquid.

[0052] The additive content in the fluid composition according to the invention is preferably less than 1 wt.% and more preferably less than 0.5 wt.%. In some areas of application, the additive content is preferably less than 0.2 wt.%, in some particular embodiments, the additive content in the fluid composition according to the invention is 0.1 wt.%.

[0053] In some particular embodiments, the additive of the invention is a sulfonol, polysorbate, lauryl glucoside, ethoxylated higher alcohol, cetyl stearyl alcohol, or a mixture thereof. In some embodiments of the present invention, the additive is a combination of multiple different additive compounds, such as the additive compounds referred to as "additives" discussed herein.

[0054] In some particular embodiments, compounds from a series of sterically hindered alkylphenols, alkyl phosphates or alkyl phosphonates, alkylamines or higher carboxylic acids and their salts can also be used as additives.

[0055] Implementation of the invention

[0056] Example No. 1. Obtaining a washing liquid according to the invention

[0057] Before mixing the components, the equipment and raw materials must be brought to a temperature of +15 - +30°C. A contactless water bath at +50 - +70°C may be used to heat the cooled raw materials, but electric heaters or open flames are not recommended.

[0058] The required amount (Table 1) of paraffin is poured into a polypropylene or painted (to avoid catalytic polymerization with a siccative) metal container with a capacity of 100 liters.

[0059] A mechanical stirrer made of or coated with polypropylene, fluoroplastic, or a similar inert material is started in the container. The stirrer rotor speed is 50-100 rpm.

[0060] After dynamic equilibrium is established, the required amount of tung oil (Table 1) is poured into the container by pumping or gravity flow. The mixture is stirred for 5 minutes until homogenized. If additives are used in the fluid according to the invention, the required amount of additives (Table 1) is added to the mixture at this stage and stirred for 10 minutes until homogenization occurs. The mixer is turned off, and after 5 minutes, the mixing quality is visually inspected. There should be no visible mechanical impurities in the solution or at the bottom, and the color of the solution should be uniform, ranging from colorless to pale yellow, without red or black tones.

[0061] Once obtained, the mixture is pumped or poured by gravity into opaque plastic (polypropylene, polyethylene) canisters up to the top and sealed tightly. The pouring temperature should be between 15 and 30°C to prevent subsequent depressurization. Store in a dark place at temperatures between -5 and 35°C.

[0062] To obtain some specific compositions of the washing liquid according to the invention, according to the method described above, the starting components and their quantities are used as described in Table 1.

[0063] Table 1. Initial components and their quantities for the preparation of some variants of the liquid according to the invention.

[0064] Some particular examples of the compositions of the washing dielectric liquid according to the invention, obtained by the above-described method, are as follows:

[0065] - MZP1 composition: 75% tung oil, 25% hydrocarbons of the C10-C13 fraction (liquid paraffin); the MZP1 composition is applicable for work with high-voltage (up to 110 kV from a distance of more than 2 cm) low-polluted equipment, provides a stable film without cracks with a thickness of more than 0.1 mm, sufficient sprayability for the use of a low-pressure sprayer (hand or can) and dissolving capacity with respect to non-polar contaminants, more specifically, the composition removes at least 1 g of non-polar non-coked (not monolithic) contaminants (soot, grease, oil, petroleum products) per 1 g of the product when applied as an aerosol.

[0066] - MZP1 composition: 75% tung oil, 24.9% hydrocarbons of the C10-C13 fraction (liquid paraffin), 0.1% lauryl glucoside; the composition of MZP1 is applicable for work with low-voltage (0-1000V) equipment without moving parts, creates a stable film up to 0.1 mm thick with a minimum number of cracks, has high spattering and dissolving properties, more specifically, the composition removes at least 1 g of non-coked (non-monolithic) contaminants of both non-polar (soot, grease, oil, petroleum products) and polar (dust, sand, oxides) nature per 1 g of the product when applied as an aerosol.

[0067] - M1 P1 composition: 50% tung oil, 50% C10-C13 hydrocarbons (liquid paraffin); ensures operation up to 100 kV, forms a thin film to protect the insulation (minimum film thickness is about 0.05 mm), including from repeated contamination. This liquid is applicable to products containing moving parts (located at a distance of more than 1 mm from each other);

[0068] - M4P1 composition: 80% tung oil, 20% hydrocarbons of the C10-C13 fraction (liquid paraffin); ensures operation up to 100 kV, forms a film up to 0.2 mm to protect the insulation, including from repeated contamination; such a liquid is applicable for cleaning slightly contaminated surfaces and restoration of insulation;

[0069] - composition of MZP1 B+: 75% tung oil, 24.893% hydrocarbons of the C10-C13 fraction (liquid paraffin), 0.1% lauryl glucoside, 0.007% 2,4,6-tributylphenol; the composition of MZP1 B+ is applicable for work with low-voltage (0-1000V) equipment without moving parts, creates a stable film up to 0.1 mm thick with a minimum number of cracks, has high spattering and dissolving properties, more specifically, the composition removes at least 1 g of non-coked (not monolithic) contaminants of both non-polar (soot, grease, oil, petroleum products) and polar (dust, sand, oxides) nature per 1 g of the product when applied as an aerosol.

[0070] Example 2. Study of the dielectric strength of liquid.

[0071] To test the dielectric strength of the liquid according to the invention, a setup and methodology according to GOST 6581-75 "Liquid Electrical Insulating Materials. Electrical Test Methods" are used. The gap between the electrodes is 2.5 mm. The minimum volume of the liquid compositions tested is at least 600 ml. In this study, several liquid compositions were analyzed. The results of the studies for some specific embodiments of the invention and the reference composition are presented in Table 2.

[0072] Table 2.

[0073] Based on the obtained results, a breakdown of 20 mm (direct processing) will occur at 23.89*20 / 2.5 = 191.12 kV, which allows work to be carried out at a voltage of 110 kV.

[0074] Example 3. Analysis of the cleaning ability of the liquid compositions according to the invention. To test the cleaning ability of the liquid, plastic and metal plates were installed at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizon (Fig. 1). Samples of various types of contaminants weighing 0.5 g were applied to the surface of the plates: Vaseline with coal (1) - imitation of greasy soot, rust (iron oxyhydroxide) with machine oil (2) - imitation of sticky corrosion products, cellulose fibers (3) - imitation of dust.

[0075] The dielectric fluid is applied from a spray bottle, dispensing approximately 0.5 g of the mixture. The dissolution and rolling of the solution down an inclined plane are studied. The tested liquid is suitable for cleaning if at least 90% of the original stain (color control) moves downward a distance equal to or greater than the original dirt stain itself.

[0076] In the framework of this study, in particular, the compositions of MZP1, MZP1 in, M1 P1 were analyzed.

[0077] As a result of the study of the composition of MZP1, it was established:

[0078] - contaminant (1) - the stain has come off completely;

[0079] - pollutant (2) - about 50% of the stain has come down;

[0080] - contaminant (3) - the stain has come off completely.

[0081] As a result of the study of the composition of MZP1v, it was established:

[0082] - pollutant (1) - the stain has disappeared almost completely (90-99%);

[0083] - contaminant (2) - the stain has come off completely;

[0084] - contaminant (3) - the stain has come off completely.

[0085] As a result of the study of the composition of M1 P1, it was established:

[0086] - pollutant (1) - the stain has disappeared almost completely (90-99%);

[0087] - pollutant (2) - about 50% of the stain has come down;

[0088] - contaminant (3) - the stain has come off completely.

[0089] Thus, the results of the studies conducted have shown that the liquid according to the invention, in particular, some specific examples of the compositions of the liquid according to the invention indicated above, are characterized by high cleaning ability and make it possible to effectively remove various types of contaminants.

[0090] Furthermore, after removing the contaminant, the liquid according to the invention is capable of forming a protective film. Thus, the first portion of the liquid (the volume depends on the degree of contamination) is used to remove the contaminant, while the last portion remains on the surface, creating a film. A minimum film thickness of approximately 0.05 mm is formed using a composition with a high paraffin content, such as M1 P1. This liquid is particularly suitable for products containing moving parts (spaced more than 1 mm apart). The maximum film thickness of up to 0.5 mm is formed using compositions such as M4P1 with repeated treatments within one day. It can be used to restore the surfaces of low-polarity polymeric materials due to two factors: high adhesion, particularly to plastics, and penetrating ability.

[0091] The film formed from the liquid according to the invention has significant adhesion to PVC insulation (Table 3) Table 3. Adhesive properties of the film obtained from the dielectric liquid

[0092] M4P1 according to the invention (measurements were carried out on the PosiTest AT-M adhesion meter).

[0093] The penetrating properties of the liquid and the high adhesiveness of the film make it possible to restore plastic insulators (Fig. 2). Although the invention has been described with reference to the disclosed embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the specific experiments described in detail are provided for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way. It should be understood that various modifications are possible without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

Invention formula 1. A dielectric cleaning liquid for cleaning electrical equipment, comprising tung oil and a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons of the C-10 - C-13 fraction and, optionally, at least one target additive, wherein the ratio of tung oil and the mixture of saturated hydrocarbons of the C-10 - C-13 fraction is from 3:1 to 1:

10.

2. The dielectric cleaning liquid according to item 1, in which the tung oil has a density of 0.933 - 0.945 g / cm 3 , acidity is not higher than 7 mg / g, iodine number is greater than or equal to 140, and the mixture of saturated hydrocarbons of fraction C-10 - C-13 is a mixture of saturated alkanes with a molecular weight from 146 to 184, with an initial boiling point of not lower than 140 °C.

3. The dielectric cleaning liquid according to claim 1, in which the ratio of tung oil and the mixture of saturated hydrocarbons of the C10-C13 fraction is 3:1 or 1:

1.

4. The dielectric cleaning fluid according to claim 1, wherein the target additive is an additive.

5. The dielectric cleaning fluid according to claim 4, wherein the additive is a sulfonol, polysorbate, lauryl glucoside, ethoxylated higher alcohol, cetyl stearyl alcohol or a mixture thereof.

6. A dielectric cleaning fluid according to claim 4, in which the additive is a sterically hindered alkyl phenol, alkyl phosphate, alkyl phosphonate, alkyl amine or higher carboxylic acid and its salt.

7. A dielectric cleaning liquid according to any of paragraphs 4-6, in which the content of the additive in the liquid is 0.1-1 wt.%.

8. The dielectric cleaning fluid according to item 1, in which the following ratio of components, wt.%: tung oil 75; mixture of saturated hydrocarbons of fraction C-10 - C-13 25.

9. The dielectric cleaning fluid according to item 1, in which the following ratio of components, wt.%: tung oil 50; mixture of saturated hydrocarbons of fraction C-10 - C-13 50.

10. The dielectric cleaning fluid according to claim 1, in which the following ratio of components is, in wt.%: tung oil 75; a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons of the C-10 - C-13 fraction 24.9; lauryl glucoside 0.1.

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