Bioactive glass and dentifrice composition

Abstract

A dentifrice composition includes, based on 100 wt% of the dentifrice composition, from 0.1 wt% to 30 wt% of a bioactive glass composition, from 1 wt% to 40 wt% of at least one amino acid, and from 0.1 wt% to 30 wt% of an abrasive. The dentifrice composition can be fluorine-free. The dentifrice composition can produce hydroxyapatite by 24 hours in an Artificial Saliva Test. The bioactive glass composition can include, based on 100 wt% of the bioactive glass composition, from 15 wt% to 45 wt% SiO2, from 8 wt% to 30 wt% P2O5, from 32 wt% to 60 wt% CaO, and from 1 wt% to 15 wt% ZrO2.

Description

BIOACTIVE GLASS AND DENTIFRICE COMPOSITIONCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 644645 filed on May 9, 2024, the content of which is relied upon and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.FIELD

[0002] The present specification generally relates to bioactive glass and dentifrice compositions including the same More specifically, the present specification is directed to bioactive glass including calcium and dentifrice compositions including the same.BACKRGOUND

[0003] Bioactive glasses are glass-based materials that exhibit biocompatibility and / or bioactivity, which allows them to be incorporated into or used with human or animal physiology. It is known that bioactive glasses can bond with hard tissue and / or soft tissue to foster growth of bone and / or cartilage cells. Also, it is known that bioactive glasses can facilitate the release of ions that can activate the expression of osteogenic genes and / or angiogenesis, which can be useful for promoting vascularization, wound healing, and / or other tissue repair.

[0004] Bioactive glasses typically have low chemical durability. This is a problem for products that are expected to have long shelf lives, especially in an aqueous environment. At the same time, stable compositions may not exhibit strong bioactivity. Consequently, there is a need to provide bioactive glass compositions that exhibit improved bioactivity and / or chemical durability. Additionally, there is growing interest in alternatives to fluoride- containing dental treatments. Consequently, there is also a need to provide dentifrice compositions including bioactive glass compositions that can support dental health while being fluorine-free.SUMMARY

[0005] There are set forth herein bioactive glass and dentifrice compositions that release calcium for use in biological applications, including wound healing and dental applications (e.g., repair enamel and / or protect enamel). The bioactive glass compositiondiscussed herein (and dentifrice compositions com] for hydroxyapatite and / or fluoroapatite (e.g., providing calcium and phosphate) that can be formed on teeth (e.g., enamel) or other tissue. Providing at least one amino acid in a dentifrice composition in combination with the bioactive glass can provide a synergistic benefit of increasing a bioavailability of ions produced by the bioactive glass (e.g., calcium ions - Ca2+), which can increase a bioactivity of the dentifrice composition and / or increase an effectiveness of the dentifrice composition for repairing and / or protecting enamel. In particular, glycine is believed to have the strongest increase in the bioavailability of calcium, which can be used to produce hydroxyapatite and / or fluoroapatite from the bioactive glass in the dentifrice composition. Also, it has been previously believed that high levels of alkali metal oxides were necessary for bioactivity. However, as demonstrated in the Examples herein, it was unexpectedly determined that bioactive glasses can achieve sufficient and / or improved bioactivity while having low or even no alkali metal oxides.

[0006] Aspect 1. A dentifrice composition comprising, based on 100 wt% of the dentifrice composition: from 0.1 wt% to 30 wt% of a bioactive glass composition; from 1 wt% to 40 wt% of at least one amino acid; and from 0.1 wt% to 30 wt% of an abrasive, wherein the bioactive glass composition comprises, based on 100 wt% of the bioactive glass composition: from 15 wt% to 45 wt% SiCh, from 8 wt% to 30 wt% P2O5, from 32 wt% to 60 wt% CaO, and from 1 wt% to 15 wt% ZrCh, wherein the dentifrice composition is fluorine-free, and wherein the dentifrice composition produces hydroxyapatite by 24 hours in an Artificial Saliva Test.

[0007] Aspect 2. The dentifrice composition of aspect 1, wherein the bioactive glass composition is free of rare earth oxides.

[0008] Aspect 3. The dentifrice composition of any one of aspects 1-2, wherein the bioactive glass composition comprises: from 0 wt% to 25 wt% MgO, from 0 wt% to 5 wt% B2O3, from 0 wt% to 5 wt% AI2O3,from 0 wt% to 10 wt% Li2O, from 0 wt% to 10 wt% Na2O, from 0 wt% to 10 wt% K2O, from 0 wt% to 10 wt% SrO, and from 0 wt% to 10 wt% ZnO.

[0009] Aspect 4. The dentifrice composition of any one of aspects 1-4, wherein the bioactive glass composition has R2O from 0 wt% to 10 wt%, where R2O is a total amount of Li2O, Na2O, and K2O.

[0010] Aspect 5. The dentifrice composition of any one of aspects 1-4, wherein the bioactive glass composition has RO from 46 wt% to 60 wt%, where RO is a total amount of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO.

[0011] Aspect 6. The dentifrice composition of any one of aspects 1-5, wherein the bioactive glass composition is free of at least one of: I 2O, Na2O, or K2O.

[0012] Aspect 7. The dentifrice composition of any one of aspects 1-6, wherein the bioactive glass composition is free of at least one of: AI2O3, B2O3, or MgO.

[0013] Aspect 8. The dentifrice composition of any one of aspects 1-7, wherein the bioactive glass composition is free of at least one of silver, copper, or zinc.

[0014] Aspect 9. The dentifrice composition of any one of aspects 1-8, wherein the bioactive glass composition comprises: from 20 wt% to 40 wt% SiCh, from 9 wt% to 25 wt% P2O5, from 35 wt% to 45 wt% CaO, from 3 wt% to 10 wt% ZrO2, and from 0 wt% to 15 wt% MgO.

[0015] Aspect 10. The dentifrice composition of any one of aspects 1-9, wherein the bioactive glass composition comprises: from 20 wt% to 38 wt% SiO2, from 9 wt% to 23 wt% P2O5, from 40 wt% to 60 wt% CaO, from 3 wt% to 10 wt% ZrO2, and from 0 wt% to 15 wt% MgO.

[0016] Aspect 11. The dentifrice composition of any one of aspects 1-10, wherein the bioactive glass composition comprises: from 25 wt% to 35 wt% SiO2,from 18 wt% to 23 wt% P2O5, from 40 wt% to 50 wt% CaO, from 3 wt% to 6 wt% ZrCh, and from 2 wt% to 7 wt% MgO.

[0017] Aspect 12. The dentifrice composition of any one of aspects 1-11, wherein a density of the bioactive glass composition is from 2.9 g / cm3to 3.5 g / cm3.

[0018] Aspect 13. The dentifrice composition of any one of aspects 1-12, wherein a refractive index of the bioactive glass composition is from 1.60 to 1.80.

[0019] Aspect 14. The dentifrice composition of any one of aspects 1-13, wherein an annealing point of the bioactive glass composition is from 680°C to 810°C.

[0020] Aspect 15. The dentifrice composition of any one of aspects 1-14, wherein the at least one amino acid includes glycine in an amount from 1 wt% to 15 wt%.

[0021] Aspect 16. The dentifrice composition of any one of aspects 1-15, wherein the dentifrice composition includes one or more of a whitening agent, a sweetening agent, a tartar control agent, or combinations thereof.

[0022] Aspect 17. The dentifrice composition of any one of aspects 1-16, wherein the dentifrice composition comprises: from 0.1 wt% to 20 wt% of a bioactive glass composition; from 1 wt% to 25 wt% of at least one amino acid; from 0.1 wt% to 20 wt% of an abrasive; from 10 wt% to 85 wt% of at least one solvent; from 2.0 wt% to 50 wt% of a humectant; and from greater than 0 wt% to 5 wt% of a surfactant.

[0023] Aspect 18. The dentifrice composition of aspect 17, wherein the dentifrice composition is a toothpaste, the at least one solvent includes water from 15 wt% to 60 wt% and glycerin from 5 wt% to 30 wt%.

[0024] Aspect 19. The dentifrice composition of aspect 17, wherein the dentifrice composition is a toothpaste, the dentifrice composition is free of water, the at least one solvent includes polyethylene glycol from 5 wt% to 30 wt% and glycerin from 30 wt% to 75 wt%.

[0025] Aspect 20. The dentifrice composition of any one of aspects 1-17, wherein the dentifrice composition is a toothpaste.

[0026] Aspect 21. The dentifrice composition of any one of aspects 1-17, wherein the dentifrice composition is a mouthwash.

[0027] Aspect 22. The dentifrice composition of any one of aspects 1-17, wherein the dentifrice composition is a solid and is free of a solvent.

[0028] Aspect 23. A bioactive glass composition comprising, based on 100 wt% of the bioactive glass composition: from 15 wt% to 45 wt% SiCh, from 8 wt% to 30 wt% P2O5, from 30 wt% to 60 wt% CaO, and from 1 wt% to 15 wt% ZrCh, wherein a density of the bioactive glass composition is from 2.9 g / cm3to 3.5 g / cm3, and a refractive index of the bioactive glass composition is from 1.60 to 1.80.

[0029] Aspect 24. The bioactive glass composition of aspect 23, wherein an annealing point of the bioactive glass composition is from 680°C to 810°C.

[0030] Aspect 25. The bioactive glass composition of any one of aspects 23-24, wherein the bioactive glass composition is free of at least one of rare earth oxides, Li2O, Na2O, or K2O, AI2O3, or B2O3.

[0031] Aspect 26. The bioactive glass composition of any one of aspects 23-25, wherein the bioactive glass composition comprises: from 0 wt% to 25 wt% MgO, from 0 wt% to 5 wt% B2O3, from 0 wt% to 5 wt% AI2O3, from 0 wt% to 10 wt% Li2O, from 0 wt% to 10 wt% Na2O, from 0 wt% to 10 wt% K2O, from 0 wt% to 10 wt% SrO, from 0 wt% to 10 wt% ZnO, from 0 wt% to 5 wt% F'.

[0032] Aspect 27. The bioactive glass composition of any one of aspects 23-26, wherein R2O is from 0 wt% to 10 wt%, where R2O is a total amount of Li2O, Na2O, and K2O.

[0033] Aspect 28. The bioactive glass composition of any one of aspects 23-27, wherein RO is from 46 wt% to 60 wt%, where RO is a total amount of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO.

[0034] Aspect 29. The bioactive glass composition of any one of aspects 23-28, wherein the bioactive glass composition is fluorine-free.

[0035] Aspect 30. The bioactive glass co comprising: from 20 wt% to 40 wt% SiCh, from 9 wt% to 25 wt% P2O5, from 32 wt% to 45 wt% CaO, from 3 wt% to 10 wt% ZrCh, and from 0 wt% to 15 wt% MgO.

[0036] Aspect 31. The bioactive glass composition of any one of aspects 23-30, comprising: from 20 wt% to 38 wt% SiCh, from 9 wt% to 23 wt% P2O5, from 40 wt% to 60 wt% CaO, from 3 wt% to 10 wt% ZrO2, and from 0 wt% to 15 wt% MgO.

[0037] Aspect 32. The bioactive glass composition of any one of aspects 23-31, comprising: from 25 wt% to 35 wt% SiO2, from 18 wt% to 23 wt% P2O5, from 40 wt% to 50 wt% CaO, from 3 wt% to 6 wt% ZrO2, and from 2 wt% to 7 wt% MgO.

[0038] Aspect 33. A dentifrice composition comprising, based on 100 wt% of the dentifrice composition: from 0.1 wt% to 30 wt% of a bioactive glass composition of any one of aspects 23-32; from 1 wt% to 40 wt% of at least one amino acid; and from 0.1 wt% to 30 wt% of an abrasive.

[0039] Aspect 34. The dentifrice composition of aspect 33, wherein the at least one amino acid includes glycine in an amount from 1 wt% to 15 wt%.

[0040] Aspect 35. The dentifrice composition of any one of aspects 33-34, wherein the dentifrice composition includes one or more of a whitening agent, a sweetening agent, a tartar control agent, or combinations thereof.

[0041] Aspect 36. The dentifrice composition of any one of aspects 33-35, wherein the dentifrice composition comprises: from 0.1 wt% to 20 wt% of a bioactive glass composition;from 1 wt% to 25 wt% of at least one amino acid; from 0.1 wt% to 20 wt% of an abrasive; from 10 wt% to 85 wt% of at least one solvent; from 2.0 wt% to 50 wt% of a humectant; and from greater than 0 wt% to 5 wt% of a surfactant.

[0042] Aspect 37. The dentifrice composition of aspect 36, wherein the dentifrice composition is a toothpaste, the at least one solvent includes water from 15 wt% to 60 wt% and glycerin from 5 wt% to 30 wt%.

[0043] Aspect 38. The dentifrice composition of aspect 36, wherein the dentifrice composition is a toothpaste, the dentifrice composition is free of water, the at least one solvent includes polyethylene glycol from 5 wt% to 30 wt% and glycerin from 30 wt% to 75 wt%.

[0044] Aspect 39. The dentifrice composition of any one of aspects 33-36, wherein the dentifrice composition is a toothpaste.

[0045] Aspect 40. The dentifrice composition of any one of aspects 33-36, wherein the dentifrice composition is a mouthwash.

[0046] Aspect 41. The dentifrice composition of any one of aspects 33-35, wherein the dentifrice composition is a solid and is free of a solvent.

[0047] Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the detailed description which follows, and in part will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from that description or recognized by practicing the aspects and / or embodiments described herein, including the detailed description which follows, the claims, as well as the appended drawings.

[0048] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description describe various aspects and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the claimed subject matter. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the various aspects and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate the various aspects described herein, and together with the description serve to explain the principles and operations of the claimed subject matter.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] FIG. 1 schematically presents a series of curves from X-ray diffractometry (XRD) corresponding to different times in the Artificial Saliva Test for Example 1;

[0050] FIG. 2 schematically presents a series of curves X-ray diffractometry (XRD) corresponding to different times in the Acid Resistance Test for Example 2; and

[0051] FIG. 3 schematically presents a con over time for Example 3 and Comparative Examples AA-CC.

[0052] Throughout the disclosure, the drawings are used to emphasize certain aspects. As such, it should not be assumed that the relative size of different regions, portions, and substrates shown in the drawings are proportional to its actual relative size, unless explicitly indicated otherwise.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] Aspects will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings in which example aspects are shown. It is to be understood that aspects of one embodiment or component are equally applicable to other embodiments or aspects of the disclosure, unless otherwise indicated. For example, components and composition of bioactive glass composition can apply to the bioactive glass on its own as well as part of a dentifrice composition in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0054] Oral diseases pose a major health burden worldwide, causing pain, discomfort, disfigurement, and even death. The dissolution of apatite crystals and the net loss of calcium, phosphate, and other ions from the tooth (i.e., demineralization) leads to dental caries formation. Caries can be managed non-invasively through a remineralization process, in which calcium and phosphate ions are supplied from an external source to the tooth to promote crystal deposition into voids in demineralized enamel. Calcium phosphate phases in both crystalline form (brushite, P-tricalcium phosphate, octocalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite, and enamel apatite) and amorphous form have been used in remineralization processes. Use of amorphous calcium phosphate (e.g., bioactive glass) in remineralization processes has shown promising results. There is a strong desire to develop new glass compositions that promote the remineralization process to prevent or repair tooth caries.

[0055] Reference will now be made in detail to bioactive glass compositions and dentifrice compositions including the same according to various aspects. The bioactive glass (and bioactive glass compositions) can correspond to glass-based materials. As used herein, “glass-based” includes both glasses and glass-ceramics, wherein glass-ceramics have one or more crystalline phases and an amorphous, residual glass phase. A glass-based material (e.g., glass-based substrate) may comprise an amorphous material (e.g., glass) and optionally one or more crystalline materials (e.g., ceramic). In aspects of glass-based compositions described herein, the concentration of constituent components (e.g., SiCh, AI2O3, Li2O, and the like) are given in wt percent (wt%) on an oxide basis, unless otherwise specified. “On an oxide basis”means that the component is treated as if it is in the lowest oxidation state, unless otherwise specified. Components of the bioactive glass composition according to aspects of the present disclosure are discussed individually below. It should be understood that any of the variously recited ranges of one component may be individually combined with any of the variously recited ranges for any other component. As used herein, a trailing 0 in a number is intended to represent a significant digit for that number. For example, the number “1.0” includes two significant digits, and the number “1.00” includes three significant digits. Throughout the disclosure, the composition of bioactive glass and / or bioactive glass compositions refers to the composition of the bioactive glass determined in wt% by: X-ray fluorescence and comparison with standard samples for alumina (AI2O3), phosphorous (e.g., P2O5), alkaline earth metals (e.g., MgO, calcium oxide - CaO, SrO, BaO), transition metals (e.g., ZnO, TiCh, Fe20s, SnCh), and alkali metals (e.g., sodium oxide - Na2O and / or potassium oxide - K2O, although lithium oxide is measured separately as described below); an amount of boron (B2O3) is measured using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) methods; an amount of lithium oxide (Li2O) is measured using flame emission spectroscopy; and an amount of SiCh is taken as the balance of material (i.e., 100% - materials measured using X-ray fluorescence, ICP, and flame emission spectroscopy), as reported herein. The composition refers to the composition of the formed bioactive glass - not the raw materials added to form the bioactive glass (e.g., less than 10 wt%, less than 5 wt%, less than 1 wt%, or substantially-free and / or free R2O = Li2O + Na2O + K2O).

[0056] Bioactive glasses are a group of glass and glass-ceramic materials that have shown biocompatibility or bioactivity, which has allowed them to be incorporated into or used with human or animal physiology. In the glass compositions described herein, SiCh serves as the primary glass-forming oxide in combination with the bioactive oxides (e.g., calcium - CaO, and phosphorous - P2O5). The bioactivity of the bioactive glass is influenced by its composition as well as its environment, including other components (e.g., one or amino acids) discussed below with reference to the dentifrice composition. Bioactive glasses (either alone or in dentifrice compositions) can facilitate the formation of hydroxyapatite (e.g., forming hydroxyapatite within 24 hours in the Artificial Saliva Test) and / or provide an increased release of calcium ions (e.g., Ca2+). Also, bioactive glasses can exhibit improved bioactivity while having relatively low amounts of alkali metal oxides.

[0057] In the bioactive glass compositions described herein, SiCh is the largest constituent and, as such, SiCh is the primary constituent of the glass network formed from the composition. Also, SiCh may be included to provide high-temperature stability and chemical durability. If the concentration of SiCh in the bioactive glass composition is too high, theformability of the glass-based composition may be d increase the difficulty of melting the glass, which, in turn, adversely impacts the formability of the composition. If the concentration of SiCh in the bioactive glass composition is too low the chemical durability of the glass-based material may be diminished. In aspects, bioactive glass compositions including SiCh in excess of 60 wt% may suffer from decreased bioactivity. In aspects, the composition comprises SiCh in an amount of 15 wt% or more, 20 wt% or more, 25 wt% or more, 27 wt% or more, 30 wt% or more, 32 wt% or more, 45 wt% or less, 40 wt% or less, 38 wt% or less, 35 wt% or less, 32 wt% or less, 30 wt% or less, 27 wt% or less, or 25 wt% or less. In aspects, the composition can comprise SiCh in an amount from greater than or equal to 15 wt% to less than or equal to 45 wt%, from greater than or equal to 20 wt% to less than or equal to 40 wt%, from greater than or equal to 20 wt% to less than or equal to 38 wt%, from greater than or equal to 25 wt% to less than or equal to 35 wt%, from greater than or equal to 25 wt% to less than or equal to 32 wt%, from greater than or equal to 27 wt% to less than or equal to 30 wt%, or any range or subrange therebetween. In preferred aspects, the composition comprises SiCh in an amount from greater than or equal to 15 wt% to less than or equal to 45 wt%, from greater than or equal to 20 wt% to less than or equal to 38 wt%, or from greater than or equal to 25 wt% to less than or equal to 35 wt%.

[0058] The inclusion of P2O5 increases the diffusivity of ions in the glass-based, increasing the speed of ion exchange, including the diffusion and / or release of calcium. Furthermore, the liberation of phosphate ions to the surface of bioactive glasses contributes to the formation of apatite. Apatite is an inorganic mineral in bone and teeth, and the formation of apatite in a simulated body fluid is one criterion for a material to be bioactive, according to ASTM Fl 538-03 (2017). Also, Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) serves as a network former. If too much P2O5 is included in the composition, the volatility at free surfaces during manufacturing may increase to undesirable levels. In aspects, the composition comprises P2O5 in an amount of 8 wt% or more, 9 wt% or more, 10 wt% or more, 12 wt% or more, 14 wt% or more, 16 wt% or more, 18 wt% or more, 19 wt% or more, 20 wt% or more, 21 wt% or more, 22 wt% or more, 30 wt% or less, 25 wt% or less, 23 wt% or less, 22 wt% or less, 21 wt% or less, 20 wt% or less, 19 wt% or less, 18 wt% or less, 16 wt% or less, or 14 wt% or less. In aspects, an amount of P2O5 in the composition can be from greater than or equal to 8 wt% to less than or equal to 30 wt%, from greater than or equal to 9 wt% to less than or equal to 25 wt%, from greater than or equal to 9 wt% to less than or equal to 23 wt%, from greater than or equal to 10 wt% to less than or equal to 22 wt%, from greater than or equal to 12 wt% to less than or equal to 21 wt%, from greater than or equal to 14 wt% to less than or equal to 20 wt%,from greater than or equal to 16 wt% to less than or equal to 19 wt%, from greater than or equal to 18 wt% to less than or equal to 19 wt%, or any range or subrange therebetween. In aspects, an amount of P2O5 in the composition can be 18 wt% or more, for example, from greater than or equal to 18 wt% to less than or equal to 23 wt%, from greater than or equal to 19 wt% to less than or equal to 22 wt%, from greater than or equal to 20 wt% to less than or equal to 21 wt%, or any range or subrange therebetween. In preferred aspects, an amount of P2O5 in the composition can be from greater than or equal to 8 wt% to less than or equal to 30 wt%, from greater than or equal to 9 wt% to less than or equal to 25 wt%, or from greater than or equal to 18 wt% to less than or equal to 23 wt%.

[0059] Throughout the disclosure, “RO” refers to a total amount of alkaline earth oxides and divalent transition metal oxides. “RO” can refer to a total amount of MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, BeO, and ZnO. In aspects, divalent cation oxides (e.g., alkaline earth oxides) can improve the melting behavior, chemical durability, and / or bioactivity of glass compositions. Also, RO can improve the elastic modulus (e.g., Young’s modulus) and / or the coefficient of thermal expansion. In aspects, the composition can comprise RO in an amount of 42 wt% or more, 44 wt% or more, 46 wt% or more, 48 wt% or more, 50 wt% or more, 52 wt% or more, 54 wt% or more, 56 wt% or more, 60 wt% or less, 58 wt% or less, 56 wt% or less, 54 wt% or less, 52 wt% or less, or 50 wt% or less. In aspects, the composition can comprise RO in an amount from greater than or equal to 42 wt% to less than or equal to 60 wt%, from greater than or equal to 44 wt% to less than or equal to 58 wt%, from greater than or equal to 46 wt% to less than or equal to 56 wt%, from greater than or equal to 48 wt% to less than or equal to 54 wt%, from greater than or equal to 50 wt% to less than or equal to 52 wt%, or any range or subrange therebetween. In preferred aspects, the composition can comprise RO in an amount from greater than or equal to 42 wt% to less than or equal to 60 wt%, from greater than or equal to 46 wt% to less than or equal to 58 wt%, or from greater than or equal to 46 wt% to less than or equal to 50 wt%.

[0060] In particular, CaO can react with P2O5 to form apatite (e.g., when immersed in a simulated body fluid (SBF), artificial saliva, or in vivo). The release of Ca2+ions from the surface of the glass contributes to the formation of a layer rich in calcium phosphate. Thus, the combination of P2O5 and CaO may provide advantageous compositions for bioactive glasses. In aspects, the bioactive glass compositions can comprise P2O5 and CaO with the sum of P2O5 and CaO being 40 wt% or more, 45 wt% or more, 47 wt% or more, 50 wt% or more, 52 wt% or more, 55 wt% or more, 57 wt% or more, 60 wt% or more, 62 wt% or more, 65 wt% or more, 67 wt% or more, 70 wt% or less, 67 wt% or less, 65 wt% or less, 62 wt% or less, 60 wt% orless, 57 wt% or less, 55 wt% or less, 52 wt% or lesP2O5 and CaO in the bioactive glass compositions can be from greater than or equal to 40 wt% to less than or equal to 70 wt%, from greater than or equal to 45 wt% to less than or equal to 67 wt%, from greater than or equal to 47 wt% to less than or equal to 65 wt%, from greater than or equal to 50 wt% to less than or equal to 62 wt%, from greater than or equal to 52 wt% to less than or equal to 60 wt%, from greater than or equal to 55 wt% to less than or equal to 57 wt%, or any range or subrange therebetween. In aspects, a sum of P2O5 and CaO in the bioactive glass compositions can be 52 wt% or more, for example, from greater than or equal to 52 wt% to less than or equal to 70 wt%, from greater than or equal to 55 wt% to less than or equal to 70 wt%, from greater than or equal to 57 wt% to less than or equal to 70 wt%, from greater than or equal to 60 wt% to less than or equal to 70 wt%, from greater than or equal to 62 wt% to less than or equal to 70 wt%, from greater than or equal to 65 wt% to less than or equal to 68 wt%, from greater than or equal to 66 wt% to less than or equal to 67 wt%, or any range or subrange therebetween. In preferred aspects, a sum of P2O5 and CaO in the bioactive glass compositions can be from greater than or equal to 40 wt % to less than or equal to 70 wt%, from greater than or equal to 52 wt% to less than or equal to 67 wt%, or from greater than or equal to 60 wt% to less than or equal to 65 wt%.

[0061] Additionally, CaO may lower the viscosity of a glass, which may enhance the formability, the strain point, and the Young’s modulus. However, if too much CaO is added to the glass-based composition, the density and the CTE of the glass-based composition may increase to undesirable levels. In aspects, the composition can comprise CaO in an amount of 32 wt% or more, 35 wt% or more, 37 wt% or more, 40 wt% or more, 42 wt% or more, 45 wt% or more, 47 wt% or more, 60 wt% or less, 55 wt% or less, 50 wt% or less, 47 wt% or less, 45 wt% or less, 42 wt% or less, 40 wt% or less, 37 wt% or less, or 35 wt% or less. In aspects, an amount of CaO can be from greater than or equal to 32 wt% to less than or equal to 60 wt%, from greater than or equal to 35 wt% to less than or equal to 55 wt%, from greater than or equal to 37 wt% to less than or equal to 50 wt%, from greater than or equal to 40 wt% to less than or equal to 47 wt%, from greater than or equal to 42 wt% to less than or equal to 45 wt%, or any range or subrange therebetween. In preferred aspects, the composition can comprise CaO from greater than or equal to 32 wt% to less than or equal to 60 wt%, from greater than or equal to 35 wt% to less than or equal to 50 wt%, or from greater than or equal to 40 wt% to less than or equal to 45 wt%.

[0062] The bioactive glass compositions described herein may optionally include MgO. MgO may lower the viscosity of a glass, which enhances the formability andmanufacturability of the composition. The inclusion of MgO in a glass-based composition may also improve the strain point and the Young’s modulus of the glass-based composition. However, if too much MgO is added to the glass-based composition, the liquidus viscosity may be too low for compatibility with desirable forming techniques (e.g., by decreasing a likelihood of devitrification during forming). The addition of too much MgO may also increase the density and the CTE of the glass-based composition to undesirable levels. In aspects, the composition can comprise MgO in an amount of 0 wt% or more, 0.5 wt% or more, 1 wt% or more, 1.5 wt% or more, 2 wt% (e.g., 2.0 wt%) or more, 2.5 wt% or more, 3 wt% (e.g., 3.0 wt%) or more, 3.5 wt% or more, 4 wt% or more, 5 wt% or more, 25 wt% or less, 20 wt% or less, 15 wt% or less, 12 wt% or less, 10 wt% or less, 7 wt% (e.g., 7.0 wt%) or less, 6 wt% or less, 5 wt% or less, 4 wt% or less, or 3 wt% or less. In aspects, an amount of MgO in the composition can be from greater than or equal to 0 wt% to less than or equal to 25 wt%, from greater than or equal to 0.5 wt% to less than or equal to 20 wt%, from greater than or equal to 1 wt% to less than or equal to 15 wt%, from greater than or equal to 1.5 wt% to less than or equal to 12 wt%, from greater than or equal to 2.0 wt% less than or equal to 10 wt%, from greater than or equal to 2 wt% to less than or equal to 7 wt%, from greater than or equal to 2.5 wt% to less than or equal to 6 wt%, from greater than or equal to 3.0 wt% to less than or equal to 5 wt%, from greater than or equal to 3.5 wt% to less than or equal to 4 wt%, or any range or subrange therebetween. In preferred aspects, an amount of MgO in the composition can be from greater than or equal to 0 wt% to less than or equal to 25 wt%, from greater than or equal to 1 wt% to less than or equal to 15 wt%, or from greater than or equal to 2 wt% to less than or equal to 7 wt%. Alternatively, the composition can be free of MgO. As used herein, the term “free” does not require absolute precision nor atomic-scale accuracy, but rather “free” means that the component may be present in the final glass-based composition in very small amounts (e.g., as a contaminant, such as less than 0.1 mol%) that could be practically obtained by a reasonable practitioner, which does include 0.0 mol% in some aspects.

[0063] The bioactive glass compositions described herein may optionally include SrO. SrO may lower the viscosity of a glass, which may enhance the formability, the strain point, and the Young’s modulus. The inclusion of SrO can decrease an incidence of devitrification during forming. Also, SrO is known to enter the structure of apatite to improve bioactivity. However, if too much SrO is added to the bioactive glass composition, the density and the CTE of the glass-based composition may increase to undesirable levels. In aspects, the composition can comprise SrO in an amount of 0 wt% or more, 0.5 wt% or more, 1 wt% or more, 2 wt% or more, 3 wt% or more, 4 wt% or more, 5 wt% or more, 10 wt% or less, 8 wt% or less, 6 wt% orless, 5 wt% or less, 4 wt% or less, 3 wt% or less, 2 an amount of SrO in the composition can be from greater than or equal to 0 wt% to less than or equal to 10 wt%, from greater than or equal to 0.5 wt% to less than or equal to 8 wt%, from greater than or equal to 1 wt% to less than or equal to 6 wt%, from greater than or equal to 2 wt% to less or equal to 5 wt%, from greater than or equal to 3 wt% to less than or equal to 4 wt%, or any range or subrange therebetween. In aspects, the composition can be free of SrO. Also, the bioactive glass composition can optionally comprise BaO and / or BeO within one or more of the ranges discussed above in this paragraph for SrO (including the composition being free of BaO and / or BeO).

[0064] The bioactive glass compositions described herein may optionally include ZnO. ZnO may lower the viscosity of a glass, which may enhance the formability, the strain point, and the Young’s modulus. The inclusion of ZnO decrease an incidence of devitrification during forming. Also, ZnO is known to enter the structure of apatite to improve bioactivity. However, if too much ZnO is added to the composition, the density and the CTE of the composition may increase to undesirable levels. In aspects, the composition can comprise ZnO in an amount within one or more of the ranges discussed above for SrO. In aspects, the composition can be free of ZnO.

[0065] In aspects, the bioactive glass composition can include ZrO2. ZrO2 can function as a network former or intermediate in precursor glasses, as well as a key oxide for improving thermal stability by significantly reducing glass devitrification during forming and lowering liquidus temperature. In aspects, ZrO2 can stabilize a structure of the glass, improve mechanical properties, and / or improve chemical durability. In aspects, ZrO2 may lower liquidus temperature and coefficient of thermal expansion, or enhance the strain point. In addition to its role as a network former, ZrCh can help improve the chemical durability and mechanical properties in silicate glass while having no toxicity concerns. Too high a content of ZrCh (e.g., >20 wt. %) generally increases the viscosity of the melt and decreases bioactivity. In aspects, the composition can comprise ZrCh in an amount of 1 wt% or more, 1.5 wt% or more, 2 wt% (e.g., 2.0 wt%) or more, 2.5 wt% or more, 3 wt% (e.g., 3.0 wt%) or more, 3.5 wt% or more, 4 wt% (e.g., 4.0) or more, 4.5 wt% or more, 5 wt% or more, 6 wt% or more, 7 wt% or more, 8 wt% or more, 9 wt% or more, 10 wt% or more, 11 wt% or more, 15 wt% or less, 13 wt% or less, 12 wt% or less, 11 wt% or less, 10 wt% or less, 9 wt% or less, 8 wt% or less, 7 wt% or less, 6 wt% or less, 5 wt% or less, 4 wt% or less, or 3 wt% or less. In aspects, an amount of ZrCh in the composition can be from greater than or equal to 1 wt% to less than equal to 15 wt%, from greater than or equal to 1.5 wt% to less than or equal to 14 wt%, from greater thanor equal to 2 wt% to less than or equal to 13 wt%, from greater than or equal to 2.0 wt% to less than or equal to 12 wt%, from greater than or equal to 2.5 wt% to less than or equal to 11 wt%, from greater than or equal to 3 wt% to less than or equal to 10 wt%, from greater than or equal to 3.0 wt% to less than or equal to 9 wt%, from greater than or equal to 3.5 wt% to less than or equal to 8 wt%, from greater than or equal to 4 wt% to less than or equal to 7 wt%, from greater than or equal to 4.0 wt% to less than or equal to 6 wt%, from greater than or equal to 4.5 wt% to less than or equal to 5 wt%, or any range or subrange therebetween. In preferred aspects, the bioactive glass composition can comprise ZrCh in an amount from greater than or equal to 1 wt% to less than or equal to 15 wt%, from greater than or equal to 2 wt% to less than or equal to 10 wt%, or from greater than or equal to 3 wt% to less than or equal to 6 wt%.

[0066] In aspects, the bioactive glass composition can optionally include AI2O3 and / or B2O3. AI2O3 may serve as a glass network former, similar to SiCh. However, AI2O3 may increase the viscosity of the glass-based composition due to its tetrahedral coordination in a glass melt formed from a glass-based composition, decreasing the formability of the glassbased composition when the amount of AI2O3 is too high. If too much B2O3 is included in the composition, the volatility at free surfaces during manufacturing may increase to undesirable levels. In aspects, the composition can include AI2O3 in an amount of 0 wt% or more, 0.5 wt% or more, 1 wt% or more, 2 wt% or more, 5 wt% or less, 4 wt% or less, 3 wt% or less, 2 wt% or less, 1 wt% or less, or 0.5 wt% or less. In aspects, an amount of AI2O3 in the composition can be from greater than or equal to 0 wt% to less than or equal to 5 wt%, from greater than or equal to 0.5 wt% to less than or equal to 4 wt%, from greater than or equal to 1 wt% to less than or equal to 3 wt%, from greater than or equal to 1 wt% to less than or equal to 2 wt%, or any range or subrange therebetween. In aspects, the composition can be free of AI2O3. In aspects, the composition can include B2O3 in an amount within one or more of the ranges discussed above in this paragraph for AI2O3. In further aspects, a total amount of B2O3 + AI2O3 can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above in this paragraph for AI2O3. In aspects, the composition can be free of B2O3.

[0067] As used herein, R2O is a total amount of Li2O, Na2O, and K2O. Alkali metal oxides (R2O) serve as aids in achieving low melting temperatures and low liquidus temperatures. It has been previously believed that high levels of alkali metal oxides were necessary for bioactivity. However, as demonstrated in the Examples herein, it was unexpectedly determined that bioactive glasses can achieve sufficient and / or improved bioactivity while having low or even no alkali metal oxides. In aspects, a total amount of alkali metal oxides (R2O) in the composition can be 0 wt% or more, 0.5 wt% or more, 1 wt% or more,2 wt% or more, 3 wt% or more, 4 wt% or more 5 w6 wt% or less, 5 wt% or less, 4 wt% or less, 3 wt% or less, 2 wt% or less, 1 wt% or less, or 0.5 wt% or less. In aspects, a total amount of alkali metal oxides (R2O) in the composition can be from greater than or equal to 0 wt% to less than or equal to 10 wt%, from greater than or equal to 0.5 wt% to less than or equal to 9 wt%, from greater than or equal to 1 wt% to less than or equal to 8 wt%, from greater than or equal to 2 wt% to less than or equal to 7 wt%, from greater than or equal to 3 wt% to less than or equal to 6 wt%, from greater than or equal to 4 wt% to less than or equal to 5 wt%, or any range or subrange therebetween. In aspects, a total amount of alkali metal oxides (R2O) in the composition can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for AI2O3.

[0068] In aspects, the bioactive glass composition can be free of one or more of Li2O, Na2O, or K2O. In aspects, an amount of Li2O in the composition can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for R2O or AI2O3. In aspects, an amount of K2O in the composition can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for R2O or AI2O3. In aspects, the composition can be free of Li2O and K2O. Na2O can improve the formability, and thereby manufacturability, of the bioactive glass composition. However, if too much Na2O is added to the glass-based composition, the CTE may be too low, and the melting point may be too high. Also, Na2O can increase a bioactivity of the bioactive glass. However, as discussed above, it has been discovered that glasses with low (e.g. 5 wt% or less) or even no Na2O can still demonstrate sufficient bioactivity. In aspects, an amount of Na2O in the composition can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for R2O or AI2O3. In aspects, the composition can be free of Li2O, Na2O, and K2O.

[0069] The bioactive glass composition can optionally include fluorine (F ). F can combine with CaO and P2O5 to form fluorapatite to improve the bioactivity of the claimed compositions. Fluorapatite (FA) is an inorganic mineral in dental enamel. The ability to form fluorapatite can help regeneration of the enamel due to cavities. However, as demonstrated by the Examples herein, hydroxyapatite (HA) can also exhibit acid resistance. Consequently, it is believed that bioactive glass compositions can help regeneration of the enamel. As such, bioactive composition may be free of F while still being bioactive and / or helping enamel regeneration (e.g., repair) and / or providing acid resistance to enamel. In aspects, the bioactive glass composition can comprise F within one or more of the ranges discussed above for AI2O3.

[0070] In aspects, the bioactive glass composition can be free of rare earth oxides. As used herein, rare earth oxides include oxides of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium,dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium. Rare earth oxides can increase a cost of the bioactive glass composition without providing increased bioactivity or forming benefits. In aspects, the bioactive glass composition can be free of one or more of copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and / or other platinum group elements (i.e., Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir, Os). In aspects, the glass-based composition may be free of at least one of Ta20s, HfO2, La2Os, and Y2O3. In aspects, the bioactive glass composition can be free of one or more of AI2O3, B2O3, MgO, ZnO, IJ2O, K2O, and / or R2O. In aspects, the bioactive glass composition can consist essentially of and / or consist of SiO2, P2O5, CaO, and ZrO2. In aspects, the bioactive glass composition can consist essentially of and / or consist of SiCh, P2O5, CaO, ZrO2, and optionally Na20 and / or MgO.

[0071] Table 1 presents exemplary ranges R1-R21 for bioactive glass compositions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Range R1 is the broadest range while Range R21 is the narrowest range. Range R10-R11, R17-R18, and R21 are free of AI2O3 and B2O3 while the other ranges can optionally be AI2O3 and / or B2O3. Ranges R16 and R19 are free of SrO and ZnO while the other ranges can optionally be free of SrO and ZnO. Ranges R1-R2 can optionally be free of Na2O, I 2O, and / or K2O. Ranges R1-R21 comprise non-zero amounts of at least SiO2, P2O5, CaO, and ZrO2.Table 1 : Example Ranges for Bioactive Glass Compositions

[0072] In aspects, (see Range Rl) the bioactive glass composition can comprise from 15 wt% to 45 wt% SiCh, from 8 wt% to 30 wt% P2O5, from 32 wt% to 60 wt% CaO, and from 1 wt% to 15 wt% ZrCh. In further aspects, the bioactive glass composition can be fluorine-free and / or free of rare earth oxides. In further aspects, the bioactive glass composition can comprise from 0 wt% to 25 wt% MgO, from 0 wt% to 5 wt% B2O3, from 0 wt% to 5 wt% AI2O3, from 0 wt% to 10 wt% Li2O, from 0 wt% to 10 wt% Na2O, from 0 wt% to 10 wt% K2O, from 0 wt% to 10 wt% SrO, and from 0 wt% to 10 wt% ZnO. In further aspects, the bioactive glass composition can comprise R2O from 0 wt% to 10 wt% and / or RO from 46 wt% to 60 wt%. In even further aspects, bioactive glass composition can be free of at least one of IJ2O, Na2O, or K2O. In further aspects, the bioactive glass composition can be free of at least one of AI2O3,B2O3, or MgO. In further aspects, the bioactive glass composition can be at least one of silver, copper, or zinc. In further aspects, the bioactive glass composition can comprise from 20 wt% to 40 wt% SiCh, from 9 wt% to 25 wt% P2O5, from 35 wt% to 45 wt% CaO, from 3 wt% to 10 wt% ZrCh, and from 0 wt% to 15 wt% MgO. In further aspects, the bioactive glass composition can comprise from 20 wt% to 38 wt% SiO2, from 9 wt% to 23 wt% P2O5, from 40 wt% to 60 wt% CaO, from 3 wt% to 10 wt% ZrO2, and from 0 wt% to 15 wt% MgO. In aspects, the bioactive glass composition can comprise from 25 wt% to 35 wt% SiO2, from 18 wt% to 23 wt% P2O5, from 40 wt% to 50 wt% CaO, from 3 wt% to 6 wt% ZrO2, and from 2 wt% to 7 wt% MgO.

[0073] Throughout the disclosure, refractive index is measured in accordance with ASTM E1967-19, where the first wavelength comprises 589 nm. In aspects, a refractive index of the bioactive glass (e.g., formed from the bioactive glass composition) can be 1.60 or more, 1.61 or more, 1.62 or more, 1.63 or more, 1.64 or more, 1.65 or more, 1.80 or less, 1.75 or less, 1.70 or less, 1.68 or less, 1.67 or less, 1.66 or less, 1.65 or less, or 1.64 or less. In aspects, the refractive index of bioactive glass (e.g., formed from the bioactive glass composition) can range from 1.60 to 1.80, from 1.61 to 1.75, from 1.62 to 1.70, from 1.63 to 1.68, from 1.64 to 1.67, from 1.65 to 1.66, or any range or subrange therebetween.

[0074] Throughout the disclosure, density is determined using the buoyancy method in accordance with ASTM C693-93(2013). In aspects, a density of the bioactive glass (e.g., formed from the bioactive glass composition) can be 2.9 g / cm3or more, 2.95 g / cm3or more, 3.0 g / cm3(e.g., 3.00 g / cm3) or more, 3.05 g / cm3or more, 3.1 g / cm3(e.g., 3.10 g / cm3) or more, 3.15 g / cm3or more, 3.2 g / cm3or more, 3.3 g / cm3or more, 3.5 g / cm3or more or less, 3.4 g / cm3or less, 3.3 g / cm3or less, 3.25 g / cm3or less, 3.2 g / cm3or less, 3.15 g / cm3or less, or 3.1 g / cm3or less. In aspects, a density of the bioactive glass (e.g., formed from the bioactive glass composition) can be from 2.9 g / cm3to 3.5 g / cm3, from 2.95 g / cm3to 3.4 g / cm3, from 3.0 g / cm3to 3.35 g / cm3, from 3.05 g / cm3to 3.3 g / cm3, from 3.10 g / cm3to 3.25 g / cm3, from 3.15 g / cm3to 3.2 g / cm3, or any range or subrange therebetween. In preferred aspects, a density of the bioactive glass can be from 2.9 g / cm3to 3.5 g / cm3, from 2.95 g / cm3to 3.3 g / cm3, or from 3.05 g / cm3to 3.25 g / cm3.

[0075] Throughout the disclosure, the term “annealing point” refers to the temperature at which the viscosity of the glass composition is IxlO13 18poise. The annealing point of the bioactive glass composition was determined using the fiber elongation method of ASTM C336- 71(2015) or the beam bending viscosity (BBV) method of ASTM C598-93(2013). In aspects, an annealing point of the bioactive glass(e.g., formed from the bioactive glass composition)can be 680°C or more, 700°C or more, 720°C or me or more, 770°C or more, 790°C or more, 810°C or less, 800°C or less, 790°C or less, 770°C or less, 760°C or less, 750°C or less, 740°C or less, 730°C or less, or 720°C or less. In aspects, an annealing point of the bioactive glass(e.g., formed from the bioactive glass composition) can be from 680°C to 810°C, from 700°C to 800°C, from 720°C to 790°C, from 730°C to 780°C, from 740°C to 770°C, from 750°C to 760°C, or any range or subrange therebetween. In preferred aspects, an annealing point of the bioactive glass can be from 680°C to 810°C, from 700°C to 800°C, or from 720°C to 760°C.

[0076] Bioactive glass (having a bioactive glass composition within one or more of the ranges discussed above generally and / or for specific components) can be incorporated in a dentifrice composition. In aspects, dentifrice compositions can include the bioactive glass, one or more amino acids, an abrasive, and optionally one or more additive, solvent, humectant, and / or surfactant. The dentifrice composition can comprise a toothpaste including the bioactive glass, one or more amino acids, abrasive, solvent, humectant, and / or surfactant. Alternatively, the dentifrice composition can be a mouthwash including the bioactive glass, one or more amino acids, and solvent. Alternatively, the dentifrice composition can be a solid that is free of solvent. In further aspects, the solid dentifrice composition can be a tablet or other product that can be used as a “dry toothpaste” or “bite toothpaste.”

[0077] Providing the bioactive glass compositions discussed herein in a dentifrice composition can function as a source for hydroxyapatite and / or fluoroapatite (e.g., providing calcium and phosphate) that can be formed on teeth (e.g., enamel), for example, to repair enamel and / or protect (e.g. provide acid resistance to) enamel. In aspects, an amount of the bioactive glass composition (in wt% based on a total 100 wt% of the dentifrice composition) in the dentifrice composition can be 0.1 wt% or more, 0.2 wt% or more, 0.5 wt% or more, 1.0 wt% or more, 2.0 wt% or more, 3.0 wt% or more, 4.0 wt% or more, 5.0 wt% or more, 7.0 wt% or more, 9 wt% or more, 11 wt% or more, 13 wt% or more, 15 wt% or more, 30 wt% or less, 25 wt% or less, 20 wt% or less, 17 wt% or less, 12 wt% or less, 10 wt% or less, 8 wt% or less, 6 wt% or less, 5 wt% or less, 4 wt% or less, 3 wt% or less, 2 wt% or less, or 1 wt% or less. In aspects, an amount of the bioactive glass composition in the dentifrice composition can be from greater than or equal to 0.1 wt% to less than or equal to 30 wt%, from greater than or equal to 0.2 wt% to less than or equal to 25 wt%, from greater than or equal to 0.5 wt% to less than or equal to 20 wt%, from greater than or equal to 1.0 wt% to less than or equal to 17 wt%, from greater than or equal to 2.0 wt% to less than or equal to 15 wt%, from greater than or equal to 3.0 wt% to less than or equal to 12 wt%, from greater than or equal to 4.0 wt% to less than orequal to 10 wt%, from greater than or equal to 5 wt% to less than or equal to 8 wt%, or any range or subrange therebetween. In preferred aspects, an amount of the bioactive glass composition in the dentifrice composition can be from greater than or equal to 0.1 wt% to less than or equal to 30 wt%, from greater than or equal to 0.5 wt% to 15 wt%, or from greater than or equal to 1 wt% to less than or equal to 10 wt%.

[0078] Providing at least one amino acid in a dentifrice composition in combination with the bioactive glass can provide a synergistic benefit of increasing a bioavailability of ions produced by the bioactive glass (e.g., calcium ions - Ca2+), which can increase a bioactivity of the dentifrice composition and / or increase an effectiveness of the dentifrice composition for repairing and / or protecting enamel. In particular, glycine is believed to have the strongest increase in the bioavailability of calcium, which can be used to produce hydroxyapatite and / or fluoroapatite from the bioactive glass in the dentifrice composition. In aspects, the one or more amino acids can include one or more of glycine, glutamic acid, or arginine. In further aspects, the one or more amino acids can additionally comprise (in addition to at least one of the amino acids listed in the previous sentence) one or more of histidine, lysine, aspartic acid, serine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine, cysteine, selenocysteine, proline, alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. In aspects, an amount (e.g., total amount) of the one or more amino acids (in wt% based on a total 100 wt% of the dentifrice composition) in the dentifrice composition can be 0.1 wt% or more, 1 wt% (e.g., 1.0 wt%) or more, 2 wt% or more, 4 wt% or more, 5 wt% or more, 6 wt% or more, 7 wt% or more, 8 wt% or more, 9 wt% or more, 10 wt% or more, 12 wt% or more, 15 wt% or more, 20 wt% or more, 25 wt% or more, 30 wt% or more, 40 wt% or less, 35 wt% or less, 30 wt% or less, 25 wt% or less, 20 wt% or less, 15 wt% or less, 12 wt% or less, 10 wt% or less, 8 wt% or less, 5 wt% or less, or 3 wt% or less. In aspects, an amount of the one or more amino acids in the dentifrice composition can be from greater than or equal to 0.1 wt% to less than or equal to 40 wt%, from greater than or equal to 0.1 wt% to less than or equal to 40 wt%, from greater than or equal to 1.0 wt% to less than or equal to 35 wt%, from greater than or equal to 2 wt% to less than or equal to 30 wt%, from greater than or equal to 4 wt% to less than or equal to 25 wt%, from greater than or equal to 5 wt% to less than or equal to 20 wt%, from greater than or equal to 6 wt% or more, to less than or equal to 15 wt%, from greater than or equal to 7 wt% to less than or equal to 12 wt%, from greater than or equal to 8 wt% to less than or equal to 10 wt%, or any range or subrange therebetween. In preferred aspects, an amount of the one or more amino acids in the dentifrice composition can be from greater than or equal to 1 wt% to less than or equal to 40 wt%, from greater than or equal to 2 wt% to less than or equal to 25 wt%, or fromgreater than or equal to 6 wt% to less than or equal t glycine in the dentifrice composition can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above in this paragraph.

[0079] In aspects, the dentifrice composition can comprise an abrasive, for example, when the dentifrice composition is a toothpaste or solid (e.g., “dry toothpaste” or “bite toothpaste”). In aspects, an amount (e.g., total amount) of abrasive (in wt% based on a total 100 wt% of the dentifrice composition) in the dentifrice composition can be 0.1 wt% or more, 0.5 wt% or more, 1 wt% (e.g., 1.0 wt%) or more, 2 wt% or more, 3 wt% or more, 5 wt% or more, 7 wt% or more, 10 wt% or more, 12 wt% or more, 15 wt% or more, 30 wt% or less, 25 wt% or less, 20 wt% or less, 15 wt% or less, 10 wt% or less, 7 wt% or less, 5 wt% or less, or 1 wt% or less. In aspects, the dentifrice composition can include an amount of abrasive from greater than or equal to 0.1 wt% to less than or equal to 30 wt%, from greater than or equal to 0.5 wt% to less than or equal to 25 wt%, from greater than or equal to 1 wt% to less than or equal to 20 wt%, from greater than or equal to 2 wt% to less than or equal to 15 wt%, from greater than or equal to 3 wt%, to less than or equal to 12 wt% or less, from greater than or equal to 5 wt% to less than or equal to 10 wt%, from greater than or equal to 5 wt% to less than or equal to 7 wt%. In preferred aspects, an amount of abrasive in the dentifrice composition can be from greater than or equal to 0.1 wt% to less than or equal to 30 wt%, from greater than or equal to 1 wt% to less than or equal to 20 wt%, or from greater than or equal to 3 wt% to less than or equal to 10 wt%. Exemplary aspects of abrasive include silica (e.g., silica beads) and / or titanium dioxide (TiCh).

[0080] In aspects, the dentifrice composition can optionally include a solvent (e.g., one or more solvents), for example, when the dentifrice composition is a toothpaste or a mouthwash. In aspects, an amount (e.g., total amount) of solvent (e.g. in wt% based on a total 100 wt% of the dentifrice composition) in the dentifrice composition can be 10 wt% or more, 20 wt% or more, 30 wt% or more, 40 wt% or more, 45 wt% or more, 50 wt% or more, 55 wt% or more, 60 wt% or more, 65 wt% or more, 70 wt% or more, 73 wt% or more, 75 wt% or more, 80 wt% or more, 85 wt% or less, 83 wt% or less, 80 wt% or less, 78 wt% or less, 75 wt% or less, 73 wt% or less, 70 wt% or less, 65 wt% or less, 60 wt% or less, 55 wt% or less, or 50 wt% or less. In aspects, an amount of solvent in the dentifrice composition can be from greater than or equal to 10 wt% to less than or equal to 85 wt%, from greater than or equal to 20 wt% to less than or equal to 83 wt%, from greater than or equal to 30 wt% to less than or equal to 80 wt%, from greater than or equal to 40 wt% to less than or equal to 78 wt%, from greater than or equal to 45 wt% to less than or equal to 75 wt%, from greater than or equal to 50 wt% toless than or equal to 73 wt%, from greater than or equal to 55 wt% to less than or equal to 70 wt%, from greater than or equal to 60 wt% to less than or equal to 65 wt%, or any range or subrange therebetween. In aspects, an amount of solvent in the dentifrice composition can be 60 wt% or more, for example, from greater than or equal to 60 wt% to less than or equal to 85 wt%, from greater than or equal to 65 wt% to less than or equal to 83 wt%, from greater than or equal to 70 wt% to less than or equal to 80 wt%, from greater than or equal to 73 wt% to less than or equal to 78 wt%, from greater than or equal to 75 wt% to less than or equal to 78 wt%, or any range or subrange therebetween. In preferred aspects, an amount (e.g., total amount) of solvent (e.g. in wt% based on a total 100 wt% of the dentifrice composition) the dentifrice composition can be from greater than or equal to 10 wt% to less than or equal to 85 wt%, from greater than or equal to 60 wt% to less than or equal to 83 wt%, or from greater than or equal to 70 wt% to less than or equal to 80 wt%.

[0081] In further aspects, the solvent can comprise water and one or more additional solvent(s) miscible in water. In further aspects, an amount of water in the dentifrice composition can be 10 wt% or more, 15 wt% or more, 20 wt% or more, 23 wt% or more, 25 wt% or more, 27 wt% or more, 30 wt% or more, 33 wt% or more, 50 wt% or less, 45 wt% or less, 40 wt% or less, 38 wt% or less, 35 wt% or less, 33 wt% or less, or 30 wt% or less. In further aspects, an amount of water in the dentifrice composition can be from greater than or equal to 10 wt% to less than or equal to 50 wt%, from greater than or equal to 15 wt% to less than or equal to 45 wt%, from greater than or equal to 20 wt% to less than or equal to 40 wt%, from greater than or equal to 23 wt% to less than or equal to 38 wt%, from greater than or equal to 25 wt% to less than or equal to 35 wt%, from greater than or equal to 27 wt% to less than or equal to 33 wt%, from greater than or equal to 27 wt% to less than or equal to 30 wt%, or any range or subrange therebetween. In further aspects, the solvent can optionally comprise sorbitol and / or glycerin, which can be present in combination with water (or another solvent). Sorbitol and / or glycerin can provide a sweetness to the dentifrice composition in addition to functioning as a solvent. In even further aspects, a total amount of glycerin and sorbitol in the dentifrice composition having an aqueous solvent (e.g., water) can be 10 wt% or more, 20 wt% or more, 30 wt% or more, 35 wt% or more, 40 wt% or more, 45 wt% or more, 50 wt% or more, 60 wt% or less, 55 wt% or less, 50 wt% or less, or 45 wt% or less. In even further aspects, a total amount of glycerin and sorbitol in the dentifrice composition having an aqueous solvent (e.g., water) can be from greater than or equal to 10 wt% to less than or equal to 60 wt%, from greater than or equal to 20 wt% to less than or equal to 55 wt%, from greater than or equal to 30 wt% to less than or equal to 50 wt%, from greater than or equal to 35 wt% to less than or equal to 45wt%, from greater than or equal to 40 wt% to less subrange therebetween. Alternatively, the solvent can comprise sorbitol and / or glycerin without also containing water in some aspects.

[0082] In further aspects, the solvent can be non-aqueous. For example, the solvent can comprise polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and / or glycerin. As used herein, a nonaqueous dentifrice composition is free of water. In even further aspects, an amount of polyethylene glycol in a dentifrice composition with a non-aqueous solvent can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above with reference to water. In even further amounts a total amount of polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol (or an amount of propylene glycol on its own) can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above with reference to water. In even further aspects, an amount of glycerin in a dentifrice composition with a non-aqueous solvent can be 20 wt% or more, 30 wt% or more, 40 wt% or more, 45 wt% or more, 50 wt% or more, 55 wt% or more, 60 wt% or more, 75 wt% or less, 70 wt% or less, 65 wt% or less, 60 wt% or less, 55 wt% or less, 50 wt% or less, or 45 wt% or less. In even further aspects, an amount of glycerin in a dentifrice composition with a non-aqueous solvent can be from greater than or equal to 20 wt% to less than or equal to 75 wt%, from greater than or equal to 30 wt% to less than or equal to 70 wt%, from greater than or equal to 40 wt% to less than or equal to 65 wt%, from greater than or equal to 45 wt% to less than or equal to 60 wt%, from greater than or equal to 50 wt% to less than or equal to 55 wt%, or any range or subrange therebetween.

[0083] In aspects, the dentifrice composition can optionally comprise one or more of a humectant and / or a surfactant. A humectant is a component that attracts water. As used herein, glycerin and propylene glycol are treated as a solvent rather than a humectant even though these compounds have humectant properties. Also, sorbitol is treated as a humectant herein. An exemplary aspects of a humectant include hyaluronic acid, salicylic acid, lactic acid, honey, xylitol, and maltitol. In aspects, the dentifrice composition can have a humectant in an amount of 0 wt% or more, 0.5 wt% or more, 1 wt% or more, 1.5 wt% or more, 2.0 wt% or more 3 wt% or more, 5 wt% or more, 10 wt% or more, 15 wt% or more, 20 wt% or more, 25 wt% or more, 30 wt% or more, 35 wt% or more, 40 wt% or more, 45 wt% or more, 50 wt% or less, 45 wt% or less, 40 wt% or less, 35 wt% or less, 30 wt% or less, 25 wt% or less, 20 wt% or less, 15 wt% or less, 10 wt% or less, or 5 wt% or less. In aspects, an amount of a humectant in the dentifrice composition can be from greater than or equal to 0 wt% to less than or equal to 50 wt%, from greater than or equal to 0.5 wt% to less than or equal to 45 wt%, from greater than or equal to 1 wt% to less than or equal to 40 wt%, from greater than or equal to 1.5 wt% to less than or equal to 35 wt%, from greater than or equal to 2.0 wt% to less than or equal to 30 wt%, fromgreater than or equal to 3 wt% to less than or equal to 25 wt%, from greater than or equal to 5 wt% to less than or equal to 20 wt%, from greater than or equal to 10 wt% to less than or equal to 15 wt%, or any range or subrange therebetween.

[0084] In aspects, the dentifrice composition can optionally comprise a surfactant. A surfactant is a component that acts at a surface (e.g., interface) between two components (liquids), for example, to stabilize an emulsion or other mixture of the two components. Exemplary aspects of surfactants include sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), cocamidopropyl betaine, quillaia, alkyl glycoside, carrageenan, cholesterol, lanolin, lecithin (e.g., soya lecithin), monoglycerides, phytosterol, tea saponin extract, egg yolk, casein, and sucrose esters. In aspects, an amount of a surfactant in the dentifrice composition can be 0 wt% or more, 0.5 wt% or more, 1.0 wt% or more, 1.5 wt% or more, 2.0 wt% or more, 2.5 wt% or more, 3.0 wt% or more, 5 wt% or less, 4.0 wt% or less, 3.0 wt% or less, 2.0 wt% or less, 1.0 wt% or less, or 0.5 wt% or less. In aspects, an amount of a surfactant in the dentifrice composition can be from greater than or equal to 0 wt% to less than or equal to 5 wt%, from greater than or equal to 0.5 wt% to less than or equal to 4.0 wt%, from greater than or equal to 1.0 wt% to less than or equal to 3.0 wt%, from greater than or equal to 1.5 wt% to less than or equal to 2.0 wt%, or any range or subrange therebetween.

[0085] In aspects, the dentifrice composition can optionally include one or more additional additives, including a desensitizing agent, a fluorine source, a whitening agent, a tartar control agent, an antibacterial agent, an anti-stain agent, a thickening agent, a detergent, an adhesion agent, a foam modulator, a pH modifying agent, a mouth-feel agent, a flavorant, a colorant, a perseverative, or combinations thereof. An exemplary aspect of a desensitizing agent is a potassium salt (e.g., potassium nitrate). Exemplary aspects of fluorine sources are sodium fluoride and stannous fluoride. Exemplary aspects of whitening agents include peroxides (e.g., hydrogen peroxide, calcium peroxide, carbamide peroxide) and sodium bicarbonate. Exemplary aspects of a tartar control agent are pyrophosphates. Exemplary aspects of antibacterial agents include zinc (e.g., zinc oxide), triclosan, cetylpyridinium chloride, methylisothiazolinone, potassium sorbate, and chlorohexidine gluconate. Exemplary aspects of preservatives include parabens, butylated hydroxytoluene, and sodium benzoate. An exemplary aspect of an anti-stain agent is penta-sodium triphosphate. An exemplary aspect of a foam modulator is simethicone. Exemplary aspects of thickening agents are xanthan gum, carbomers, gelatin, and cellulose gum. Exemplary pH modifying agents include citric acid, EDTA, phosphoric acid, sodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, disodium phyrophosphate, and sodium hydroxide. In aspects, an amount of the one or moreadditional additives can be within one or more of th< surfactant.

[0086] Table 2 present example ranges Sl-Sl 1 for dentifrice compositions. In Table 2, ranges S1-S4 correspond to aqueous dentifrice compositions that could be used as toothpaste, and ranges S6-S9 correspond to non-aqueous dentifrice compositions that could be used as toothpaste. Ranges S5 and S10 have high solvent and no abrasive, which could correspond to a mouthwash (e.g., aqueous and non-aqueous, respectively). Range Si l is solvent-free and / or a solid, which could correspond to a “dry toothpaste” or “bite toothpaste.” In Table 2, the total solvent is reported and components of the “total solvent” are also listed in one of “water,” “nonaqueous” (for solvents not miscible with water), or “other solvent or humectant.” Although not listed, any of the ranges for the dentifrice compositions in Table 2 could contain a fluorine source or could be fluorine-free. Also, although not listed, the ranges for the dentifrice compositions in Table 2 can optionally include one or more of a tartar control agent, a desensitizing agent, an antibacterial agent, an anti-stain agent, a thickening agent, a detergent, an adhesion agent, a foam modulator, a pH modifying agent, a mouth-feel agent, a colorant, a perseverative, or combinations thereof.Table 2: Example Ranges for Dentifrice Compositions

[0087] A bioactivity of a dentifrice composition is evaluated using the Artificial Saliva Test. Throughout the disclosure, the “Artificial Saliva Test” comprises immersing a sample of the dentifrice composition in artificial salvia maintained at 37°C, where the amount of dentifrice composition added to the artificial saliva is equal to 5 wt% of the amount of artificial saliva. The “artificial saliva” used in the “Artificial Saliva Test” was Artificial Saliva with the addition of 25 wt% glycine. The Artificial Saliva (before adding glycine) comprised 0.119 wt% potassium chloride (KC1), 0.024 wt% ammonium chloride (NH4CI), 0.054 wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), 0.004 wt% magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl 6H2O), 0.011 wt% calcium chloride (CaCh), 0.02 wt% sodium azide (NaNs), 0.012 wt% sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 0.477 wt% HEPES (4-(2 -hydroxy ethyl)- 1 -piperazineethanesulfonic acid) buffer, and water comprising the balance, where the pH of the Artificial Saliva (before adding glycine) was 6.8. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) measurements of the dentifrice composition were taken before immersing the dentifrice composition in the artificial saliva (“initial measurement”) and after a predetermined immersion time (“final measurement”). Unless otherwise indicated, the “final measurement” was taken after an immersion time of 24 hours. The XRD measurements are analyzed to determine whether or not peaks corresponding to the presence of hydroxyapatite (or fluoroapatite) being formed during the immersion time. As shown in FIG. 1, the dentifrice composition of Example 1 formed hydroxyapatite (HA) based on the peaks marked by circles 107 in the XRD measurement after 24 hours of immersion in the artificial solution. Consequently, the dentifrice composition of Example 1 produces hydroxyapatite by 24 hours in the Artificial Saliva Test. In aspects, the dentifrice composition in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure can produce hydroxyapatite (as detected by XRD) by 24 hours (immersion time) in the Artificial Saliva Test. As discussed below with reference to FIG. 2, the hydroxyapatite (HA) produced by Example 1 after 24 hours was exposed to a citric acid (CA) solution having a pH of 4 in Example 2 for 2 minutes (curve 213)and 60 minutes (curve 215); curves 213 and 215 which demonstrates that the HA formed by the dentifrice composition exhibits acid resistance.

[0088] As discussed above, hydroxyapatite formation requires the presence of both bioavailable calcium ions (Ca2+) and phosphate ions (PO42). The dentifrice composition includes one or more amino acids that can increase the bioavailability of calcium released by the bioactive glass in the dentifrice composition. An ability of the bioactive glass (and thus the dentifrice composition) to release calcium ions (Ca2+) is evaluated in the Artificial Sweat Test. Throughout the disclosure, the “Artificial Sweat Test” comprises immersing a sample (e.g., bioactive glass, dentifrice composition) in an artificial sweat solution maintained at 37°C, where the amount of the sample added to the artificial sweat is equal to 5 wt% of the amount of artificial sweat. The concentration of calcium (e.g., calcium ions - Ca2+) released by the sample is measured after a predetermined immersion time using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in parts per million (ppm). The “artificial sweat” used in the “Artificial Sweat Test” comprised 0.05 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl), 0.1 wt% urea, 0.1 wt% lactic acid, and water comprising the balance, where the pH of the artificial sweat was 6.5. As shown in FIG. 3, curve 317 corresponding to Example 3 exhibits unexpectedly high calcium release relative to Comparative Examples AA-CC (curves 311, 313, and 315). For example, the calcium concentration produced by Comparative Examples AA-CC did not reach 20 ppm at any point measured; in fact, the concentration for curve 315 decreased as the immersion time increased. In contrast, curve 317 (Example 3) produced greater than 20 ppm calcium (even after 1 hour) and the calcium concentration continued to increase over the 1 week (168 hours) maximum immersion time measured. For example, after an immersion time of 1 hour, Example 3 released 20 ppm or more of calcium; after an immersion time of 36 hours, Example 3 released 40 ppm or more of calcium.; and after an immersion time of 168 hours, Example 3 released 80 ppm or more of calcium. In aspects, the bioactive glass composition and / or dentifrice composition can produce a calcium concentration of 20 parts-per-million or more in artificial sweat by 1 hour in the Artificial Sweat Test. In aspects, the bioactive glass composition and / or dentifrice composition can produce a calcium concentration of 40 parts-per-million or more in artificial sweat by 36 hours in the Artificial Sweat Test. In aspects, the bioactive glass composition and / or dentifrice composition can produce a calcium concentration of 80 parts- per-million or more in artificial sweat by 168 hours in the Artificial Sweat Test.EXAMPLES

[0089] Embodiments will be further clarified by the following examples. It should be understood that these examples are not limiting to the aspects described above. Bioactive glass compositions were prepared and analyzed. The analyzed bioactive glass compositions included the components listed in Table 3 below and were prepared by conventional glass forming methods. As mentioned above, the compositions reported herein (including Table 3) refer to the composition of the resulting bioactive glass composition. In Table 3, all components are in wt%. If a component is not listed in Table 3, it is presumed that the amount of that component is 0 wt% (or otherwise not intentionally added). The refractive index at 589.3 nm of the bioactive glass compositions is also reported in Table I. The density of the glass compositions was determined using the buoyancy method of ASTM C693 -93(2013). The annealing point of the bioactive glass compositions was determined using the fiber elongation method of ASTM C336-71(2015) or the beam bending viscosity (BBV) method of ASTM C598-93(2013).Table 3: Bioactive Glass CompositionsTable 3 (Cont.)

[0090] Example compositions Cl -Cl 2 fall within one or more aspects of the present disclosure while Comparative composition AA does not fall within the scope of the present disclosure (e.g., due to the higher alkali metal oxide - R2O and / or Na?O content - and / or the absence of ZrCh). As shown in Table 3, Example compositions C1-C12 have a density greater than 2.9 g / cm3(e.g., from 2.9 g / cm3to 3.5 g / cm3) whereas Comparative composition AA has a lower density (2.71 g / cm3). Example composition C1-C12 have an annealing point of 650°C or more (e.g., from 680°C to 810°C) whereas Comparative composition AA has an annealing point less than 600°C (515°C). Example composition C1-C12 have a refractive index greater than 1.60 (e.g., from 1.60 to 1.80, from 1.61 to 1.70, or from 1.62 to 1.66) whereas Comparative composition AA has a refractive index less than 1.60 (e.g., less than 1.58, 1.56). Also, a sum of CaO and P2O5 in Example compositions C1-C12 is from 40 wt% to 70 wt% whereas a sum of CaO and P2O5 in Comparative composition AA is less than 40 wt% (e.g., less than 35 wt%, less than 31 wt%).

[0091] Tables 4-5 present Example Dentifrice Compositions A1-A12 and B1-B12, where the bioactive glass is Example composition 9 (Table 3). In Tables 4-5, SLS refers to sodium lauryl sulfate, and TiO2 refers to titanium dioxide. Table 4 presents Example Dentifrice Compositions A1-A12 that use the bioactive glass (Example composition 9) and one or more amino acids (e.g., glycine) in an aqueous solvent (e.g., water with sorbitol and glycerin). The amount of bioactive glass in Example Dentifrice Compositions A1-A12 is from 1 wt% to 15 wt%, the amount of water is from about 23 wt% to 38 wt%, and the total amount of solvent and humectant(s) is from 60 wt% to 85 wt% (e.g., from 65 wt% to 85 wt%).Table 4: Aqueous Dentifrice CompositionsTable 5: Non-aqueous Dentifrice Compositions

[0092] In Table 5, PEG refers to polyethylene glycol, and SMP reference to sodium monofluorophosphate. Table 5 presents Example Dentifrice Compositions Bl -Bl 2 that use the bioactive glass (Example composition 9) and one or more amino acids (e.g., glycine) in a nonaqueous solvent (e.g., PEG and glycerin). The amount of bioactive glass in Example Dentifrice Compositions B1-B12 is from 1 wt% to 15 wt% and the amount of non-aqueous solvent (and humectant) is from about 60 wt% to 85 wt% (e.g., from 65 wt% to 85 wt%, or from 67 wt% to 85 wt%).

[0093] FIG. 1 schematically presents a series of curves from X-ray diffractometry (XRD) corresponding to different times in the Artificial Saliva Test for Example 1. Example 1 comprised Example composition 9 (Table 3), and the Artificial Saliva Test was conducted as described above. In FIGS. 1-2, the horizonal axis 101 (e.g., x-axis) is the scattering angle (29)in degrees and the vertical axis 103 (e.g., y-axis) is the curves offset from one another along the vertical axis for readability. As shown in FIG. 1, curve 111 is the initial measurement before immersion (0 immersion) time, curve 113 was measured after 1 hour of immersion time, curve 115 was measured after 2 hours of immersion time, curve 117 was measured after 4 hours of immersion time, curve 119 was measured after 8 hours of immersion time, curve 121 was measured after 16 hours of immersion time, and curve 123 was measured after 24 hours of immersion time. Diamonds 105 are added in FIG. 1 (on curve 119) to indicate the location of peaks associated with glycine (amino acid added to the artificial saliva in the artificial saliva test) with the glycine peaks only appearing when some glycine crystallizes. The glycine peaks are noticeable in the 4 hour and 8 hour curves (curves 117 and 119). Circles 107 are added in FIG. 1 (on curve 123) to indicate the location of peaks associated with hydroxyapatite (formed from the calcium and phosphate ions released by the bioactive glass sample). The peaks associated with hydroxyapatite are most pronounced at 24 hours (curve 123) indicating that hydroxyapatite was definitively formed by 24 hours in the Artificial Saliva Test. Some peaks (e.g., about 27° and about 54°) are visible to a lesser degree after 16 hours (curve 121) and even after 8 hours (curve 119).

[0094] FIG. 2 schematically presents a series of XRD curves corresponding to different times in the Acid Resistance Test for Example 2. Example 2 used the hydroxyapatite (HA) produced after 24 hours in Example 1 (i.e., the hydroxyapatite produced after immersing Example composition 9 in the artificial saliva for 24 hours in the Artificial Saliva Test). In Example 2, this hydroxyapatite was exposed to a citric acid (CA) solution with a pH of 4 for 2 minutes (curve 213) and 60 minutes (curve 215) with curve 211 corresponding to the hydroxyapatite before any exposure to the citric acid solution. As in FIG. 1, circles 107 in FIG. 2 indicate the location of peaks associated with hydroxyapatite. As shown in FIG. 2, curves 211, 213, and 215 all have peaks at the locations indicated by circles 1007, which demonstrates that the hydroxyapatite formed from Example composition 9 is acid resistant. If anything, some of the peak in curve 215 (60 minutes) appear slightly better defined, which may indicate that some misaligned or impure hydroxy apatite was dissolved and / or reformed, but nonetheless the hydroxyapatite signature is apparent in all of the curves in FIG. 2.

[0095] FIG. 3 schematically presents a concentration of calcium ions (Ca2+) released over time for Example 3 and Comparative Examples AA-CC in the Artificial Sweat Test (described above). In FIG. 3, the horizontal axis 301 (e.g., x-axis) corresponds to immersion time (t) in hours, and the vertical axis 303 corresponds to the concentration of calcium (Ca2+) in ppm detected using ICP-MS in the artificial sweat solution as described above for theArtificial Sweat Test. Comparative Example AA (curve 315) corresponds to Example Composition AA (Table 3), Comparative Example BB (curve 313) corresponds to calcium carbonate (CaCCh), and Comparative Example CC (curve 311) corresponds to hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals. As shown, curves 311, 313, and 315 (Comparative Examples AA-CC) released less than 20 ppm calcium at any measured point in time. In fact, curve 315 shows that the amount of calcium decreased from an initial value (notably over the first 24 hours but also for the entire 168 hours measured). In contrast, Example 3 (curve 317), corresponding to Example composition 9 (Table 3), released more than 20 ppm at all measured points (including the initial measured point at about 1 hour). Further, the amount of released calcium increased as immersion time in the artificial sweat increased. Specifically, Example 3 : released 20 ppm or more calcium after an immersion time of 1 hour, 40 ppm or more after an immersion time of 36 hours, and 80 ppm or more calcium after an immersion time of 168 hours.

[0096] The above observations can be combined to produce bioactive glass and dentifrice compositions that release calcium for use in biological applications, including wound healing and dental applications (e.g., repair enamel and / or protect enamel). The bioactive glass composition discussed herein (and dentifrice compositions comprising the same) can function as a source for hydroxyapatite and / or fluoroapatite (e.g., providing calcium and phosphate) that can be formed on teeth (e.g., enamel) or other tissue. Providing at least one amino acid in a dentifrice composition in combination with the bioactive glass can provide a synergistic benefit of increasing a bioavailability of ions produced by the bioactive glass (e.g., calcium ions - Ca2+), which can increase a bioactivity of the dentifrice composition and / or increase an effectiveness of the dentifrice composition for repairing and / or protecting enamel. In particular, glycine is believed to have the strongest increase in the bioavailability of calcium, which can be used to produce hydroxyapatite and / or fluoroapatite from the bioactive glass in the dentifrice composition. Also, it has been previously believed that high levels of alkali metal oxides were necessary for bioactivity. However, as demonstrated in the Examples herein, it was unexpectedly determined that bioactive glasses can achieve sufficient and / or improved bioactivity while having low or even no alkali metal oxides.

[0097] It also to be understood that, as used herein the terms “the,” “a,” or “an,” mean “at least one,” and should not be limited to “only one” unless explicitly indicated to the contrary. For example, reference to “a component” comprises aspects having two or more such components unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Likewise, a “plurality” is intended to denote “more than one.” As used herein, the term “about” means that amounts, sizes, formulations, parameters, and other quantities and characteristics are not and need not be exact,but may be approximate and / or larger or smaller, as factors, rounding off, measurement error and the like, and other factors known to those of skill in the art. Ranges can be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value, and / or to “about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, aspects include from the one particular value and / or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another aspect. Whether or not a numerical value or endpoint of a range in the specification recites “about,” the numerical value or endpoint of a range is intended to include two aspects: one modified by “about,” and one not modified by “about.” It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint and independently of the other endpoint. The terms “substantial,” “substantially,” and variations thereof as used herein are intended to note that a described feature is equal or approximately equal to a value or description. For example, a “substantially planar” surface is intended to denote a surface that is planar or approximately planar.

[0098] Unless otherwise expressly stated, it is in no way intended that any method set forth herein be construed as requiring that its steps be performed in a specific order. Accordingly, where a method claim does not actually recite an order to be followed by its steps or it is not otherwise specifically stated in the claims or descriptions that the steps are to be limited to a specific order, it is in no way intended that any particular order be inferred.

[0099] While various features, elements, or steps of particular aspects may be disclosed using the transitional phrase “comprising,” it is to be understood that alternative aspects, including those that may be described using the transitional phrases “consisting” or “consisting essentially of,” are implied. Thus, for example, implied alternative aspects to an apparatus that comprises A+B+C include aspects where an apparatus consists of A+B+C and aspects where an apparatus consists essentially of A+B+C. As used herein, the terms “comprising” and “including”, and variations thereof shall be construed as synonymous and open-ended unless otherwise indicated.

[0100] The above aspects, and the features of those aspects, are exemplary and can be provided alone or in any combination with any one or more features of other aspects provided herein without departing from the scope of the disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure cover the modifications and variations of the aspects herein provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A dentifrice composition comprising, based on 100 wt% of the dentifrice composition: from 0.1 wt% to 30 wt% of a bioactive glass composition; from 1 wt% to 40 wt% of at least one amino acid; and from 0.1 wt% to 30 wt% of an abrasive, wherein the bioactive glass composition comprises, based on 100 wt% of the bioactive glass composition: from 15 wt% to 45 wt% SiCh, from 8 wt% to 30 wt% P2O5, from 32 wt% to 60 wt% CaO, and from 1 wt% to 15 wt% ZrCh, wherein the dentifrice composition is fluorine-free, and wherein the dentifrice composition produces hydroxyapatite by 24 hours in an Artificial Saliva Test.

2. The dentifrice composition of claim 1, wherein the bioactive glass composition is free of rare earth oxides.

3. The dentifrice composition of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the bioactive glass composition comprises: from 0 wt% to 25 wt% MgO, from 0 wt% to 5 wt% B2O3, from 0 wt% to 5 wt% AI2O3, from 0 wt% to 10 wt% Li2O, from 0 wt% to 10 wt% Na2O, from 0 wt% to 10 wt% K2O, from 0 wt% to 10 wt% SrO, and from 0 wt% to 10 wt% ZnO.

4. The dentifrice composition of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the bioactive glass composition has R2O from 0 wt% to 10 wt%, where R2O is a total amount of Li2O, Na2O, and K2O.

5. The dentifrice composition of any one of composition has RO from 46 wt% to 60 wt%, where RO is a total amount of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO.

6. The dentifrice composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the bioactive glass composition is free of at least one of: Li2O, Na2O, K2O, AI2O3, B2O3, or MgO.

7. The dentifrice composition of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the bioactive glass composition is free of at least one of silver, copper, or zinc.

8. The dentifrice composition of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the bioactive glass composition comprises: from 20 wt% to 40 wt% SiCh, from 9 wt% to 25 wt% P2O5, from 35 wt% to 45 wt% CaO, from 3 wt% to 10 wt% ZrCh, and from 0 wt% to 15 wt% MgO.

9. The dentifrice composition of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the bioactive glass composition comprises: from 20 wt% to 38 wt% SiCh, from 9 wt% to 23 wt% P2O5, from 40 wt% to 60 wt% CaO, from 3 wt% to 10 wt% ZrO2, and from 0 wt% to 15 wt% MgO.

10. The dentifrice composition of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the bioactive glass composition comprises: from 25 wt% to 35 wt% SiO2, from 18 wt% to 23 wt% P2O5, from 40 wt% to 50 wt% CaO, from 3 wt% to 6 wt% ZrO2, and from 2 wt% to 7 wt% MgO.

11. The dentifrice composition of any one of claims 1-10, wherein a density of the bioactive glass composition is from 2.9 g / cm3to 3.5 g / cm3.

12. The dentifrice composition of any one of claims 1-11, wherein a refractive index of the bioactive glass composition is from 1.60 to 1.80.

13. The dentifrice composition of any one of claims 1-12, wherein an annealing point of the bioactive glass composition is from 680°C to 810°C.

14. The dentifrice composition of any one of claims 1-13, wherein the at least one amino acid includes glycine in an amount from 1 wt% to 15 wt%.

15. The dentifrice composition of any one of claims 1-14, wherein the dentifrice composition comprises: from 0.1 wt% to 20 wt% of a bioactive glass composition; from 1 wt% to 25 wt% of at least one amino acid; from 0.1 wt% to 20 wt% of an abrasive; from 10 wt% to 85 wt% of at least one solvent; from 2.0 wt% to 50 wt% of a humectant; and from greater than 0 wt% to 5 wt% of a surfactant.

16. The dentifrice composition of claim 15, wherein the dentifrice composition is a toothpaste, the at least one solvent includes water from 15 wt% to 60 wt% and glycerin from 5 wt% to 30 wt%.

17. The dentifrice composition of claim 15, wherein the dentifrice composition is a toothpaste, the dentifrice composition is free of water, the at least one solvent includes polyethylene glycol from 5 wt% to 30 wt% and glycerin from 30 wt% to 75 wt%.

18. The dentifrice composition of any one of claims 1-16, wherein the dentifrice composition is a toothpaste.

19. The dentifrice composition of any one of claims 1-16, wherein the dentifrice composition is a mouthwash.

20. The dentifrice composition of any one of claims 1-15, wherein the dentifrice composition is a solid and is free of a solvent.

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