Photovoltaic module

Abstract

A photovoltaic module, comprising a light-transmitting panel (1), a backsheet (2) disposed on one side of the light-transmitting panel (1), a photovoltaic cell layer (3) disposed between the light-transmitting panel (1) and the backsheet (2), and a support plate (4) disposed between the photovoltaic cell layer (3) and the backsheet (2), wherein the light-transmitting panel (1), the backsheet (2), the photovoltaic cell layer (3) and the support plate (4) all have a curved-surface structure, and the shapes thereof fit each other.

Description

Photovoltaic module

[0001] Priority information

[0002] This application claims priority to and the benefit of the filing date of Chinese Patent Application No. 202410661847.8, filed May 24, 2024, and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present application belongs to the field of photovoltaic cells, and specifically relates to a photovoltaic module. BACKGROUND

[0004] A photovoltaic module generally comprises a light-transmitting panel, a back panel, and a photovoltaic cell layer arranged between the light-transmitting panel and the back panel. For a curved photovoltaic module, the cells need to be bent and packaged to form a curved structure. However, when the cell pieces are bent and packaged, the cell piece breakage rate is very high, which can be as high as more than 50%. This makes the waste rate of the cells of the curved photovoltaic module too high, thereby increasing the production and manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic module.

[0005] Therefore, how to reduce the cell piece breakage rate of the curved photovoltaic module during bending and packaging has become a problem to be solved at present.

[0006] SUMMARY

[0007] The present application aims to solve one of the technical problems in the prior art.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application provides a photovoltaic module.

[0009] According to the technical solution of the first aspect of the present application, a photovoltaic module is provided, which comprises a light-transmitting panel, a back panel, a photovoltaic cell layer, and a support plate. The light-transmitting panel is arranged on one side of the light-transmitting panel. The photovoltaic cell layer is arranged between the light-transmitting panel and the back panel. The support plate is arranged between the photovoltaic cell layer and the back panel. The light-transmitting panel, the back panel, the photovoltaic cell layer, and the support plate are all curved structures, and the shapes of the light-transmitting panel, the back panel, the support plate, and the photovoltaic cell layer are adapted to each other.

[0010] The photovoltaic module provided by the technical scheme of the application comprises a light-transmitting panel, a back panel and a photovoltaic cell layer. The light-transmitting panel can transmit light. After the light transmits through the light-transmitting panel to reach the cell piece of the photovoltaic cell layer, the light can generate electric energy through photoelectric effect. The back panel is used for protecting the photovoltaic cell layer, such as waterproof and dustproof protection. Meanwhile, the photovoltaic module is a curved surface structure, such as the structure of photovoltaic tile. For the curved surface photovoltaic module, the light-transmitting panel is generally processed in advance to have the required curved surface structure, and the back panel and the photovoltaic cell layer are generally processed into a straight plate structure. During assembly, the back panel and the photovoltaic cell layer are assembled into a straight plate cell module first, then the straight plate cell module is bent into a required curved surface cell module, and then the curved surface cell module and the light-transmitting panel are assembled together to form the final photovoltaic module. The support plate is arranged between the photovoltaic cell layer and the back panel. In this way, during assembly of the photovoltaic module, the back panel, the support plate and the photovoltaic cell layer can be bent as a whole to form the required curved surface cell module. During the bending deformation process, the support plate and the back panel can be used together to disperse the force applied to the photovoltaic cell layer, so that stress concentration on the photovoltaic cell layer can be avoided. That is, when an external force acts on the back panel and the support plate, the multi-layer structure or thicker material can better disperse the force, so that the force is uniformly applied to the photovoltaic cell layer, and the force is not concentrated in one point to cause damage to the photovoltaic cell layer. In the design, the back panel and the support plate can absorb and disperse part of the energy, so that the impact force and pressure transmitted to the photovoltaic cell layer itself can be obviously reduced, and the cell cracking rate during packaging can be obviously reduced. Generally, after the support plate is arranged, the cell cracking rate can be reduced from 50% to about 10%.

[0011] In a possible design, the support plate is provided with a wire hole; the photovoltaic module further comprises a wire group, the wire group is arranged between the support plate and the back panel, and the wire group comprises at least one connecting wire, the connecting wire is electrically connected with the photovoltaic cell layer through the wire hole.

[0012] In the technical solution, the connecting line can be arranged between the support plate and the back plate and connected with the battery piece to supply power or transmit signals for the battery piece. The connecting line herein can be a power line or a signal line. Meanwhile, to facilitate the connection between the connecting line and the battery piece, a wire passing hole can be arranged on the support plate so that the connecting line between the support plate and the back plate can pass through the wire passing hole and be connected with the battery piece. Compared with the conventional scheme of arranging the connecting line on the photovoltaic cell layer, the photovoltaic module can avoid the connecting line protruding from both sides of the photovoltaic cell layer, thereby increasing the width of the photovoltaic module and reducing the area of the non-power generation region of the photovoltaic edge. When multiple photovoltaic modules are combined for use, the number of photovoltaic modules in the same space is reduced, thereby reducing the power generation efficiency (i.e. the power generation per unit area) of the photovoltaic module. When the connecting line is arranged between the support plate and the back plate, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module can reach more than 22%. When the connecting line is not arranged through the support plate, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module is generally about 16%.

[0013] In a possible design, the photovoltaic module further includes a wire group arranged on the photovoltaic cell layer and connected with the battery piece. When the wire group is arranged on the photovoltaic cell layer, a large number of wires are accumulated on both sides of the photovoltaic cell layer, which is not conducive to the power generation efficiency but can reduce the thickness of the photovoltaic module. Therefore, when the power generation efficiency is not considered, this arrangement is also acceptable.

[0014] In a possible design, the thickness of the support plate is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 0.3 mm.

[0015] The thickness of the support plate determines the protection strength of the support plate for the photovoltaic cell layer and the bending difficulty of bending the entire battery module. Therefore, the thickness of the support plate cannot be too thick, otherwise the bending difficulty is large and the operation is not good during the bending and packaging of the battery. The thickness of the support plate also cannot be too thin, otherwise the support effect for the photovoltaic cell layer cannot be achieved. In combination, the thickness of the support plate is set to 0.1 to 0.3 mm, which can make the bending difficulty and the support effect for the photovoltaic cell layer moderate.

[0016] In a possible design, the support plate is a PET plate or an EPE plate.

[0017] In this design, the support plate can be made of polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET) material or a composite material of PET or made of EPE (Expandable Polyethylene, also known as pearl wool) material. Because the support plate made of such material is light in weight and can achieve the support effect.

[0018] In a possible design, the thickness of the backboard is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 0.3 mm.

[0019] The thickness of the backboard can be set according to actual needs, but considering the strength and bending packaging requirements, the thickness of the backboard can be set in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm.

[0020] In order to enhance the protection of the photovoltaic cell layer, the backboard can be set to be thicker, but the backboard set to be thicker is not conducive to subsequent bending packaging. Therefore, the application considers adding a support plate to improve the cell cracking rate.

[0021] In a possible design, the backboard includes a substrate, a fireproof coating layer arranged on a side of the substrate away from the light-transmitting panel, and / or an adhesive coating layer arranged on a side of the substrate close to the light-transmitting panel.

[0022] In this design, the backboard has a three-layer structure, specifically, the substrate, the fireproof coating layer on the outer side of the substrate (i.e., the side away from the support plate), and the adhesive coating layer on the inner side of the substrate, i.e., the side close to the support plate. The fireproof coating layer is used to enhance the fireproof performance of the backboard. The material of the adhesive coating layer is generally similar to that of the adhesive between the support plate and the backboard, so that the adhesive and the backboard can be more firmly bonded, and the support plate and the backboard can be more reliably connected.

[0023] In a possible design, the photovoltaic cell layer includes a crystalline silicon cell, and the crystalline silicon cell includes at least one of a PERC cell, a TOPCON cell, an XBC cell, an MWT cell, and an HJT cell.

[0024] In this design, the photovoltaic cell layer includes a plurality of crystalline silicon cells, and the plurality of crystalline silicon cells are connected to each other. The type of the crystalline silicon cell can be selected as needed, for example, one of a PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell), a TOPCON (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact solar cell), an HJT (crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cell), an XBC, an MWT (Metal Wrap Through), and a tile without metal grid lines, with the positive and negative metal electrodes being led out from the back surface.

[0025] The IBC (Interdigitated Back Contact) is a type of photovoltaic cell layer, and the XBC cell is a new type of high-efficiency cell derived from the IBC cell structure, which is mainly a brand-new cell based on the IBC cell structure.

[0026] In a possible design, the light-transmitting panel comprises a tempered glass light-transmitting panel. The tempered glass light-transmitting panel is prepared to have higher strength and better light-transmitting property, and can well meet the requirements of the light-transmitting panel of the photovoltaic module on strength and light-transmitting property, so that the photovoltaic module can be prevented from deforming, and the power conversion rate and the lighting effect of the photovoltaic module are ensured.

[0027] In the design, the light-transmitting panel can be fully tempered to form a fully tempered light-transmitting panel, or can be semi-tempered to form a semi-tempered light-transmitting panel.

[0028] In a possible design, the light-transmitting panel, the back plate, the support plate and the photovoltaic cell layer are all multi-segment curved surface structures. That is, the photovoltaic module comprises at least one wave crest and wave trough. The multi-segment curved surface photovoltaic module has better lighting property.

[0029] In a possible design, the photovoltaic module further comprises a first adhesive layer arranged between the light-transmitting panel and the photovoltaic cell layer, and configured to bond the light-transmitting panel and the photovoltaic cell layer; a second adhesive layer arranged between the back plate and the support plate, and configured to bond the back plate and the support plate; and a third adhesive layer arranged between the photovoltaic cell layer and the support plate, and configured to bond the photovoltaic cell layer and the support plate.

[0030] In the design, the photovoltaic module further comprises the first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer and the third adhesive layer. The first adhesive layer is arranged between the light-transmitting panel and the photovoltaic cell layer, and is configured to bond the photovoltaic cell layer and the light-transmitting panel. The second adhesive layer is arranged between the side of the photovoltaic cell layer facing the support plate and the support plate, and is configured to bond the photovoltaic cell layer and the support plate. The third adhesive layer is arranged between the support plate and the back plate, and is configured to bond the support plate and the back plate. The connection between the layers of the photovoltaic module is realized through the multiple adhesive layers, so that the connection reliability of the light-transmitting panel, the photovoltaic cell layer, the support plate and the back plate can be improved.

[0031] In some possible designs, the first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer and the third adhesive layer each comprise any one of EVA, POE and PVB.

[0032] In the design, the adhesive layer comprises any one of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA), Polyethylene (POE) and Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB). The adhesive layer has both light-transmitting effect and reliable bonding effect. Meanwhile, the above-mentioned materials can ensure the shielding effect of the adhesive layer on ultraviolet rays.

[0033] Exemplarily, the thickness of the first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer and the third adhesive layer is 0.3 mm-0.8 mm.

[0034] In some possible designs, the back plate comprises a flexible plate, and the flexible plate is provided with a concave-convex structure on a side away from the photovoltaic cell layer.

[0035] In this design, the shape of the back plate can be set according to actual needs, for example, the back plate can be set as a rigid plate, or the back plate can be set as a flexible plate. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the strength of the flexible plate, a concave-convex structure can be arranged on a side of the flexible plate away from the support plate. The concave-convex structure can increase the surface area, increase heat reflection, prevent slipping and wear resistance.

[0036] Exemplarily, the concave-convex structure can be a dot matrix structure, a linear structure, a grid structure, a pyramid structure or other random rough structures. These concave-convex structures can be quadrilaterals, hexagons, honeycombs, straight grooves, wavy lines, spiral lines and the like, which are parallel or intersected, and the size is from tens of microns to several millimeters. These shape structures are used to strengthen the material structure, control light propagation and improve heat dissipation efficiency. The specially designed shape can also be used for waterproof and antifouling.

[0037] Exemplarily, the flexible plate is an aluminum foil plate. Because the aluminum foil has the functions of waterproof, heat insulation, reflection and strength support, and the aluminum foil has good ductility, it is easy to form a curved shape and maintain during bending, so the bending ability of the crystalline silicon cell piece can be improved, and the problem of cell piece cracking can be solved. The thickness of the aluminum foil plate is generally 0.1mm-0.3mm. Meanwhile, the aluminum foil itself has good fireproof performance, and the photovoltaic module with the aluminum foil as the back film can reach A-level fireproof standard. The aluminum foil has high reflectivity, which can reduce the solar thermal radiation into the room and reduce the building energy consumption. The aluminum foil has water vapor barrier ability, which protects the solar cell piece from water vapor erosion and improves the service life of the solar module. In addition, the aluminum foil plate can also replace the existing back plate with fluorine coating, so that the whole product is more environmentally friendly.

[0038] In the formula, the support plate is an insulating plate, and when the back plate is an aluminum foil plate, the support plate can also serve as an insulating layer between the aluminum foil plate and the photovoltaic cell layer.

[0039] In some possible designs, the support plate and the back plate are in an integrated structure and are integrally formed, that is, the support plate and the back plate form a component, and the materials thereof can be the same or different. In addition, the back plate can be thickened to support the cell, so as to reduce the cracking rate of the cell piece during bending and packaging.

[0040] Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0041] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description, taken in conjunction with the following drawings of which:

[0042] FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic module before encapsulation according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic module before encapsulation according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic module before encapsulation according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic module before encapsulation according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a hard plate according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, in which like or similar elements are denoted by the same or similar reference numerals throughout the drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are examples only, and are intended to explain the present application, and should not be understood as limiting the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0049] A photovoltaic module 100 according to embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1-6.

[0050] As shown in FIGS. 1-6, embodiments according to a first aspect of the present application provide a photovoltaic module 100, which includes a light-transmitting panel 1, a back panel 2, a photovoltaic cell layer 3, and a support plate 4. The back panel 2 is disposed on one side of the light-transmitting panel 1. The photovoltaic cell layer 3 is disposed between the light-transmitting panel 1 and the back panel 2. The support plate 4 is disposed between the photovoltaic cell layer 3 and the back panel 2. As shown in FIG. 6, the photovoltaic module 100 has a curved surface structure. That is, the light-transmitting panel 1, the back panel 2, the photovoltaic cell layer 3, and the support plate 4 all have a curved surface structure, and the shapes of the light-transmitting panel 1, the back panel 2, the support plate 4, and the photovoltaic cell layer 3 are adapted to each other.

[0051] The photovoltaic module 100 according to the embodiment of the present application comprises a light-transmitting panel 1, a back panel 2 and a photovoltaic cell layer 3. The light-transmitting panel 1 is capable of transmitting light. After the light transmits through the light-transmitting panel 1 to reach the cell sheet of the photovoltaic cell layer 3, the light can generate electric energy through photoelectric effect. The back panel 2 is used to protect the photovoltaic cell layer 3, such as to provide waterproof and dustproof protection for the photovoltaic cell layer 3. Meanwhile, the photovoltaic module 100 is a curved surface structure, such as the structure of photovoltaic tile. For the curved surface photovoltaic module 100, the light-transmitting panel 1 is generally processed in advance to have the required curved surface structure, and the back panel 2 and the photovoltaic cell layer 3 are generally processed into a straight plate structure. During assembly, the back panel 2 and the photovoltaic cell layer 3 are assembled into a straight plate cell module first, and then the straight plate cell module is bent into a required curved surface cell module, and then the curved surface cell module and the light-transmitting panel 1 are assembled together to form the photovoltaic module 100 as shown in FIG. 6. The support plate 4 is arranged between the photovoltaic cell layer 3 and the back panel 2. In this way, during assembly of the photovoltaic module 100, the back panel 2, the support plate 4 and the photovoltaic cell layer 3 can be bent and processed as a whole to form the required curved surface cell module. During the bending and deforming process, due to the presence of the support plate 4, the support plate 4 and the back panel 2 can jointly disperse the force applied to the photovoltaic cell layer 3, so as to avoid stress concentration on the photovoltaic cell layer 3. That is, when an external force is applied to the back panel 2 and the support plate 4, the multi-layer structure or the thicker material can better disperse the force, so that the force is applied to the photovoltaic cell layer 3 more uniformly, and the photovoltaic cell layer 3 is not damaged due to the force concentrated at a point. In this design, the back panel 2 and the support plate 4 can absorb and disperse part of the energy, so as to obviously reduce the impact force and pressure transmitted to the photovoltaic cell layer 3 itself, thereby obviously reducing the cell sheet cracking rate of the photovoltaic module 100 during packaging. Generally, after the support plate 4 is arranged, the cell sheet cracking rate can be reduced from about 50% to about 10%.

[0052] In a possible design, as shown in FIG. 3, the photovoltaic module 100 further comprises a wire set 8. The support plate 4 is provided with a wire passing hole. The wire set 8 is arranged between the support plate 4 and the back panel 2, and the wire set 8 comprises at least one connecting wire. The connecting wire is electrically connected to the photovoltaic cell layer 3 through the wire passing hole.

[0053] In this embodiment, the connecting line can be arranged between the support plate 4 and the back plate 2 and connected with the battery piece to supply power or transmit signals. The connecting line herein can be a power line or a signal line. Meanwhile, to facilitate the connection between the connecting line and the battery piece, a wire passing hole can be arranged on the support plate 4, so that the connecting line between the support plate 4 and the back plate 2 can pass through the wire passing hole and be connected with the battery piece. By arranging the connecting line between the support plate 4 and the back plate 2, the photovoltaic module 100 can avoid the connecting line protruding from both sides of the photovoltaic cell layer 3, which can increase the width of the photovoltaic module 100 and reduce the area of the non-power generation region on both sides of the photovoltaic module 100. Therefore, when a plurality of photovoltaic modules 100 are used in combination, the number of photovoltaic modules 100 in the same space can be reduced, and the power generation efficiency (i.e., the power generation per unit area) of the photovoltaic module 100 is reduced. In the photovoltaic module 100 in the embodiment, the connecting line is arranged between the support plate 4 and the back plate 2, so the width of the photovoltaic module 100 will not increase, the number of photovoltaic modules 100 in the same space can be set to be more, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 100 can reach more than 22%. In comparison, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module without the wire passing through the support plate 4 is generally about 16%.

[0054] As shown in FIG. 3, the wire group 8 is not stacked on both sides of the photovoltaic cell layer 3. Before assembly, the wire group 8 is located below the photovoltaic cell layer 3, and during assembly, the wire group 8 is arranged between the support plate 4 and the back plate 2.

[0055] In a possible design, as shown in FIG. 2, the photovoltaic module 100 further includes a wire group 8, which is arranged on the photovoltaic cell layer 3 and connected with the battery piece. When the wire group 8 is arranged on the photovoltaic cell layer 3, more wires will be stacked on both sides of the photovoltaic cell layer 3, which is not conducive to the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module, but can reduce the thickness of the photovoltaic module 100. Therefore, when the power generation efficiency is not considered, this arrangement is also acceptable.

[0056] In a possible design, the thickness of the support plate 4 is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 0.3 mm.

[0057] The thickness of the support plate 4 determines the protection strength of the support plate 4 to the photovoltaic cell layer 3 and the bending difficulty of bending the entire battery module. Therefore, the thickness of the support plate 4 cannot be too thick, otherwise the bending difficulty of the battery module during bending and packaging is large and the operation is not good. The thickness of the support plate 4 also cannot be too thin, otherwise the support plate 4 cannot effectively support the photovoltaic cell layer 3. In combination, the thickness of the support plate 4 is 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm, the bending difficulty of the battery module is not too large, and the support plate 4 has a better supporting effect on the photovoltaic cell layer 3.

[0058] In a possible design, the support plate 4 is a PET plate or an EPE plate.

[0059] In this design, the support plate 4 can be made of polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET) material or a composite material of PET, or made of EPE (Expandable Polyethylene, also known as pearl wool) material. Because the support plate 4 made of these two materials is light in weight and can ensure better support effect of the support plate 4 on the photovoltaic cell layer 3.

[0060] In a possible design, the thickness of the back plate 2 is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 0.3 mm.

[0061] The thickness of the back plate 2 can be set according to actual needs, but considering the strength and bending packaging requirements, the thickness of the back plate 2 can be set in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm.

[0062] In order to enhance the protection of the photovoltaic cell layer 3, the back plate 2 can be set to be thicker, but the back plate 2 set to be thicker is not conducive to the subsequent bending packaging of the cell module. Based on this, the application selects the scheme of adding a support plate 4 to improve the cell piece cracking rate in the bending packaging process of the cell module.

[0063] In a possible design, as shown in FIG. 5, the back plate 2 includes a hard plate 22, i.e., a non-flexible plate. In one example, the hard plate 22 includes a substrate 222 and a fireproof coating 224, and the fireproof coating 224 is arranged on the side of the substrate 222 away from the light-transmitting panel 1. In another example, the hard plate 22 includes a substrate 222 and an adhesive coating 226, and the adhesive coating 226 is arranged on the side of the substrate 222 close to the light-transmitting panel 1.

[0064] In still another example, the hard plate 22 includes a substrate 222, a fireproof coating 224 and an adhesive coating 226, the fireproof coating 224 is arranged on the side of the substrate 222 away from the light-transmitting panel 1, and the adhesive coating 226 is arranged on the side of the substrate 222 close to the light-transmitting panel 1. In this design, the back plate 2 is a non-flexible plate and has a three-layer structure, specifically, the substrate 222, the fireproof coating 224 on the outer side of the substrate 222 (i.e., the side away from the support plate 4), and the adhesive coating 226 on the inner side of the substrate 222, i.e., the side close to the support plate 4. The fireproof coating 224 is used to enhance the fireproof performance of the back plate 2. The material of the adhesive between the support plate 4 and the back plate 2 is close to that of the adhesive coating 226, so that the adhesive between the support plate 4 and the back plate 2 can be more firmly bonded, and the support plate 4 and the back plate 2 can be more reliably connected.

[0065] Further, the thickness of the substrate 222 is consistent with the thickness of the support plate 4, and the material of the substrate 222 is consistent with the material of the support plate 4.

[0066] Illustratively, the substrate 222 is a PET substrate.

[0067] Illustratively, the adhesive coating 226 is a fluorine film coating or an EVA coating.

[0068] Illustratively, the fireproof coating 224 includes a PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride) coating and / or a PVF (Poly(vinyl formal)) coating.

[0069] In a possible design, the photovoltaic cell layer 3 includes a crystalline silicon cell, and the crystalline silicon cell includes at least one of a PERC cell, a TOPCON cell, an XBC cell, an MWT cell, and an HJT cell.

[0070] In this design, the photovoltaic cell layer 3 includes a plurality of crystalline silicon cells, and the plurality of crystalline silicon cells are connected to each other. The type of the crystalline silicon cell can be selected as needed, for example, as one of a PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell), a TOPCON (a type of solar cell), an HJT (crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cell), an XBC, an MWT (Metal Wrap Through), or a tile-type cell without a metal grid line and with positive and negative metal electrodes drawn from the back.

[0071] The IBC (Interdigitated Back Contact) is a type of photovoltaic cell layer, and the XBC cell is a new type of high-efficiency cell derived from the IBC cell structure. The XBC cell is a new cell based on the IBC cell structure.

[0072] In a possible design, the light-transmitting panel 1 includes a tempered glass light-transmitting panel. The tempered glass light-transmitting panel 1 has higher strength and better light-transmitting property, and can well meet the requirements of the photovoltaic module 100 on the strength and light-transmitting property of the light-transmitting panel 1, thereby avoiding deformation of the photovoltaic module 100 and ensuring the power conversion rate and lighting effect of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0073] The light-transmitting panel 1 can be fully tempered to form a fully tempered light-transmitting panel, or can be semi-tempered to form a semi-tempered light-transmitting panel.

[0074] In a possible design, the light-transmitting panel 1, the backboard 2, the support plate 4, and the photovoltaic cell layer 3 are all multi-segment curved surface structures. That is, the photovoltaic module 100 includes at least one wave crest and wave trough. The multi-segment curved surface photovoltaic module 100 has better lighting performance.

[0075] In a possible design, as shown in FIGS. 1-4, the photovoltaic module 100 further includes a first adhesive layer 5, a second adhesive layer 6, and a third adhesive layer 7. The first adhesive layer 5 is arranged between the light-transmitting panel 1 and the photovoltaic cell layer 3, and is configured to bond the light-transmitting panel 1 and the photovoltaic cell layer 3. The second adhesive layer 6 is arranged between the backboard 2 and the support plate 4, and is configured to bond the backboard 2 and the support plate 4. The third adhesive layer 7 is arranged between the photovoltaic cell layer 3 and the support plate 4, and is configured to bond the photovoltaic cell layer 3 and the support plate 4.

[0076] In this design, the photovoltaic module 100 further includes a first adhesive layer 5, a second adhesive layer 6, and a third adhesive layer 7. The first adhesive layer 5 is arranged between the light-transmitting panel 1 and the photovoltaic cell layer 3, and is configured to bond the photovoltaic cell layer 3 and the light-transmitting panel 1. The second adhesive layer 6 is arranged between the side of the photovoltaic cell layer 3 facing the support plate 4 and the support plate 4, and is configured to bond the photovoltaic cell layer 3 and the support plate 4. The third adhesive layer 7 is arranged between the support plate 4 and the backboard 2, and is configured to bond the support plate 4 and the backboard 2. The photovoltaic module 100 of the present application has multiple adhesive layers, and the layers of the photovoltaic module 100 are stably connected together, thereby improving the connection reliability of the light-transmitting panel 1, the photovoltaic cell layer 3, the support plate 4, and the backboard 2.

[0077] In some possible designs, the first adhesive layer 5, the second adhesive layer 6, and the third adhesive layer 7 each include any one of EVA, POE, and PVB.

[0078] In this design, the adhesive layer includes any one of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA), Polyethylene (POE), and Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB). This arrangement allows the adhesive layer to have both light-transmitting effect and reliable bonding. Meanwhile, the above-mentioned materials can also ensure the shielding effect of the adhesive layer on ultraviolet rays.

[0079] For example, the thickness of the first adhesive layer 5, the second adhesive layer 6, and the third adhesive layer 7 is 0.3-0.8 mm.

[0080] In some possible designs, as shown in FIG. 4, the backboard 2 includes a flexible plate 24, and the flexible plate 24 is provided with a concave-convex structure 242 on the side away from the photovoltaic cell layer 3.

[0081] In this design, the back plate 2 can be set according to actual needs, for example, the back plate 2 can be set as a hard plate 22, or the back plate 2 can be set as a flexible plate 24. At the same time, in order to ensure the strength of the flexible plate 24, a concave-convex structure 242 can be arranged on the side of the flexible plate 24 away from the support plate 4. The concave-convex structure 242 can increase the surface area, increase heat reflection, prevent slipping and wear resistance.

[0082] Exemplarily, the concave-convex structure 242 can be a dot matrix structure, a linear structure, a grid structure, a pyramid structure or other random rough structures. These concave-convex structures can be quadrilaterals, hexagons, honeycombs, straight grooves, wavy lines, spiral lines, etc., which are parallel or intersected, and the size is from tens of microns to several millimeters. These shape structures are used to strengthen the material structure, control light propagation and improve heat dissipation efficiency. The specially designed shape can also be used for waterproof and antifouling.

[0083] Exemplarily, the flexible plate includes an aluminum foil plate. Because the aluminum foil has the functions of waterproofing, heat insulation, reflection and strength support, and the aluminum foil has good ductility, it is easy to form a curved shape and maintain during bending. Therefore, the bending ability of the crystalline silicon cell sheet can be improved, and the problem of cell sheet cracking can be solved. The thickness of the aluminum foil plate is generally 0.1mm-0.3mm. At the same time, the aluminum foil itself has good fireproof performance, and the photovoltaic module 100 with the aluminum foil as the back film can reach A-level fireproof standard. The aluminum foil has high reflectivity, which can reduce the entry of solar heat radiation into the room and reduce building energy consumption. The aluminum foil has water vapor barrier ability, which protects the solar cell sheet from water vapor erosion and improves the service life of the solar module. In addition, the aluminum foil plate can also replace the existing back plate 2 with a fluorine coating, making the entire photovoltaic module 100 more environmentally friendly.

[0084] Among them, the support plate 4 is an insulating plate, and when the back plate 2 is an aluminum foil plate, the support plate 4 can also serve as an insulating layer between the aluminum foil plate and the photovoltaic cell layer 3.

[0085] In some possible designs, the support plate 4 and the back plate 2 are an integrated structure and are integrally formed, that is, the support plate 4 and the back plate 2 form a component, and the material of the support plate 4 and the material of the back plate 2 can be the same or different. In addition, the back plate 2 can also be thickened to support the cell sheet, so as to reduce the cracking rate of the cell sheet during bending and packaging.

[0086] The following will take a curved photovoltaic product as an example to further introduce the photovoltaic module 100 in the present application.

[0087] The curved photovoltaic product is widely used in various occasions due to its unique design and flexibility, including roof power generation tiles, car roofs and special-shaped buildings.

[0088] Curved photovoltaic products can be directly integrated into building structures as roofing materials, forming photovoltaic power generation tiles. This integrated design not only looks beautiful, but also effectively utilizes the roof space for power generation, reducing the dependence on traditional roofing materials.

[0089] Curved photovoltaic products are also used on car roofs to provide additional power for cars. This application not only helps improve energy efficiency, but also provides charging for electric or hybrid cars, increasing the vehicle's range. Curved designs can be customized according to the shape of the car roof to maximize photovoltaic power generation efficiency. For buildings with unique or irregular shapes, curved photovoltaic products provide an ideal solution. They can be customized according to the specific shape and design requirements of the building, seamlessly integrated into the building surface, both beautiful and practical. This customized curved photovoltaic product not only improves the energy efficiency of the building, but also enhances the modernity and technology of the building.

[0090] The biggest challenge of applying crystalline silicon cells to curved products is cell cracking. Crystalline silicon cells are usually kept flat during the manufacturing process to accommodate traditional installation and application. However, in curved photovoltaic products, the cells need to adapt to the curved structure, which requires the cells to have a certain bending ability. Ensuring that the bending ability of the cells matches the curvature of the product, while not compromising the performance and structural integrity of the cells, is a technical challenge. The packaging protection of curved photovoltaic products needs to take into account the curved characteristics of the product. The packaging material needs to be able to adapt to the curved shape and provide sufficient protection to prevent damage to the cells caused by processing force, environmental factors such as water, dust, ultraviolet light, etc. The processing technology of curved photovoltaic products needs to be specially designed to ensure that the cells are not damaged during the manufacturing process. This includes stress control when bending the cells, temperature control during the packaging process, and overall structural stability.

[0091] Building regulations usually have clear provisions for the safety performance of building materials, including fire performance standards. Compliance with these regulations not only ensures legal compliance, but also ensures the safety and reliability of the building. Second, the use of fireproof building materials is an important means of protecting people's lives and property. Fireproof building materials can effectively slow down the spread of fire, giving valuable time for evacuation and fire rescue, thereby reducing casualties and property losses caused by fires. By using building materials that meet fire performance standards, buildings can provide higher safety protection, reduce fire risks, and ensure the safety of people's lives and property.

[0092] Due to the absorption and conduction of solar radiation by roof materials, the indoor temperature rises, affecting the comfort of living and working, increasing the energy consumption of cooling equipment such as air conditioners, and high temperature will reduce the power of solar power generation. Roof insulation is an important part of building energy saving, which is of great significance to improve the comfort of living and working, save energy and reduce the operating cost of buildings. Roof insulation not only relates to the energy efficiency of buildings and environmental protection, but also directly affects the comfort and economic cost of users.

[0093] In view of the above aspects, the embodiment provides a structure of a curved power generation tile, which is a composite curved photovoltaic power generation product formed by stacking a plurality of materials in sequence.

[0094] As shown in FIG. 1. The first surface of the curved power generation tile is a light-transmitting glass, and the glass shape is curved. The light passes through the glass to reach the cell pieces to generate electric energy through the photoelectric effect. The second surface of the product is a back plate 2 with a fireproof function. A photovoltaic cell layer 3 formed by the cell pieces is arranged between the back plate 2 and the light-transmitting glass. A support plate 4 is also arranged between the photovoltaic cell layer 3 and the back plate 2. When the photovoltaic cell layer 3 is bent, the support plate 4 and the back plate 2 jointly protect the cell pieces of the photovoltaic cell layer 3, avoiding the occurrence of cell piece cracking.

[0095] Among them, the light-transmitting glass is a rigid curved glass. All other layers of the curved power generation tile are generally flat before assembly, but all have bendability. During assembly, all other layers of the curved power generation tile can be conformally bent and attached along the shape of the rigid glass.

[0096] Among them, the cell pieces are crystalline silicon cell pieces, including cell pieces of PERC, TOPCON, XBC, MWT and HJT technical routes.

[0097] Among them, the back plate 2, the light-transmitting glass, the support plate 4 and the photovoltaic cell layer 3 are connected by adhesive films, and a photovoltaic module 100 is made by a vacuum laminating process. The main function of these adhesive films is to protect the cell pieces and prolong the service life of the photovoltaic module 100. Common materials are EVA film (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer film), POE film (polyolefin elastomer film), EPE film (co-extruded POE film), other types of adhesive films, such as PVB film, etc.

[0098] The support plate 4 has the function of supporting and protecting the cell pieces. The intermediate layer formed between the support plate 4 and the back plate 2 can be used to arrange the circuit, reduce the space occupied by the circuit in the photovoltaic cell layer 3, thereby reducing the area of the non-power generation area of the edge of the photovoltaic module 100, improving the power generation capacity per unit area (i.e. the module's photoelectric conversion efficiency), and the thickness of the support plate 4 is 0.13mm-0.3mm, and the common material is PET, EPE, etc.

[0099] In a specific embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-3, the back plate 2 is a flexible material bent into the shape of glass, and the surface of the back plate 2 is provided with a fireproof coating 224, which has the functions of waterproofing, moisture blocking, and strength support. The thickness of the back plate 2 is generally 0.1-0.3 mm, and the back plate 2 is composed of at least three layers. The main body of the middle layer is PET material, the encapsulation side is an adhesive coating 226, which is generally fluorine film or EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer film), and the outer surface is provided with a fireproof coating 224, such as PVDF / PVF coating, which provides excellent weather resistance and flame retardancy.

[0100] In another specific embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the back plate 2 is a reflective aluminum foil, and the aluminum foil is a flexible material bent into the shape of glass. The surface of the aluminum foil is provided with a concave-convex structure 242, which has the functions of waterproofing, heat insulation, reflection, and strength support. At this time, the support plate 4 has the function of supporting and protecting the battery sheet and simultaneously serves as an insulating layer between the aluminum foil and the battery sheet. The support plate 4 does not need a fluorine coating and is more environmentally friendly. The thickness of the support plate 4 is lighter than that of the conventional outermost back plate 2 for photovoltaic use, and the thickness is 0.1-0.3 mm. Common materials for the support plate 4 include PET and EPE.

[0101] Based on the embodiments of the present application, the battery sheet is supported and protected by the two layers of materials, the support plate 4 and the back plate 2, on the back side of the battery sheet, thereby solving the problem of cracking of the crystalline silicon battery sheet during bending and encapsulation. The cracking rate of the structure with the separately arranged back plate 2 is more than 50%, and the cracking rate is reduced to about 10% after the support plate 4 is added.

[0102] In the process of bending and deforming the assembly formed by the photovoltaic cell layer 3, the support plate 4, and the back plate 2 into the curved shape of the light-transmitting panel 1, the force applied to the photovoltaic cell layer 3 can be dispersed by the support plate 4 and the back plate 2, thereby avoiding stress concentration on the photovoltaic cell layer 3. That is, when an external force acts on the back plate 2 and the support plate 4, the multi-layer structure or the thicker material can better disperse the force, so that the force is more uniformly applied to the photovoltaic cell layer 3, thereby avoiding the force being concentrated at a point to cause damage to the battery. The back plate 2 and the support plate 4 can absorb and disperse part of the energy, thereby significantly reducing the impact force and pressure transmitted to the battery itself, and thereby reducing the cracking rate of the battery during encapsulation.

[0103] In addition, the thickness of the back side of the photovoltaic cell layer 3 can be made thicker by the support plate 4, so that the photovoltaic cell layer 3 can be protected by the back plate 2 and the support plate 4 during assembly and use of the photovoltaic assembly 100, thereby avoiding damage to the photovoltaic cell layer 3 by external force and prolonging the service life of the battery. For example, in shock protection, the thicker or multi-layer material can provide more buffer space to absorb the energy generated during falling or impact.

[0104] The interlayer between the support plate 4 and the back plate 2 is used to arrange the lead-out wires (as shown in Fig. 2), instead of arranging the wires in the photovoltaic cell layer (as shown in Fig. 2), which reduces the area of the non-power generation region at the edge of the assembly, so that the power generation efficiency (i.e. the power generation per unit area) of the curved power generation tile can reach more than 22%. Without wiring through the support plate 4, the power generation efficiency of the curved power generation tile is generally about 16%.

[0105] Optionally, the back plate 2 can meet the A-level fireproofing of building materials.

[0106] According to the embodiments of the present application, a roof (not shown in the drawings) is also provided, comprising the photovoltaic assembly 100 according to any of the above embodiments.

[0107] The roof provided by the present application has all the beneficial effects of the photovoltaic assembly 100, because it comprises the photovoltaic assembly 100 according to any of the above embodiments.

[0108] According to the embodiments of the present application, a building (not shown in the drawings) is also provided, comprising the photovoltaic assembly 100 according to any of the above embodiments or the roof according to any of the above embodiments.

[0109] The building provided by the present application has all the beneficial effects of the photovoltaic assembly 100 or the roof, because it comprises the photovoltaic assembly 100 according to any of the above embodiments or the roof according to any of the above embodiments.

[0110] In the description of the present specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "exemplary embodiment", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the exemplary description of the above terms does not necessarily mean the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0111] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and purposes of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, wherein, The photovoltaic module comprises: a light-transmitting panel; a back plate arranged on one side of the light-transmitting panel; a photovoltaic cell layer arranged between the light-transmitting panel and the back plate; and a support plate arranged between the photovoltaic cell layer and the back plate. The light-transmitting panel, the back plate, the photovoltaic cell layer, and the support plate are all curved structures, and the shapes of the light-transmitting panel, the back plate, the support plate, and the photovoltaic cell layer are adapted to each other. The support plate is provided with a wire hole.

2. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein, The photovoltaic module further comprises: a wire group arranged between the support plate and the back plate, the wire group comprising at least one connecting wire, the connecting wire being electrically connected to the photovoltaic cell layer through the wire hole.

3. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the support plate is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 0.3 mm.

4. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein, The support plate is a PET plate or an EPE plate.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the back plate is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 0.3 mm.

6. The photovoltaic module according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The back plate comprises: a base plate; a fireproof coating arranged on the side of the base plate away from the light-transmitting panel; and / or an adhesive coating arranged on the side of the base plate close to the light-transmitting panel.

7. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the back plate comprises a flexible plate, and the flexible plate is provided with a concave-convex structure on the side away from the photovoltaic cell layer.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, wherein the flexible plate comprises an aluminum foil plate.

9. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the photovoltaic cell layer comprises a crystalline silicon cell piece, and the crystalline silicon cell piece comprises at least one of a PERC cell piece, a TOPCON cell piece, an XBC cell piece, an MWT cell piece, and an HJT cell piece; and / or the light-transmitting panel comprises a tempered glass light-transmitting panel.

10. The photovoltaic module of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The photovoltaic module further comprises: a first adhesive layer arranged between the light-transmitting panel and the photovoltaic cell layer and used for bonding the light-transmitting panel and the photovoltaic cell layer; a second adhesive layer arranged between the back plate and the support plate and used for bonding the back plate and the support plate; and a third adhesive layer arranged between the photovoltaic cell layer and the support plate and used for bonding the photovoltaic cell layer and the support plate.

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