Fusing structure, busbar, battery module, battery pack, and device

Abstract

A fusing structure, comprising a fusible link (10) and conductive members (20), wherein at least two conductive members (20) are arranged on either side of the fusible link (10), the conductive members (20) and the fusible link (10) are joined together, and the fusible link (10) is curved and / or zigzag in shape; a busbar, comprising a plurality of fusing structures; a battery module, comprising the busbar; a battery pack, comprising the battery module; and a device, comprising the battery pack. The fusing structure and the fusible links in the busbar are able to promptly and quickly cut off the electrical connection between a faulty battery cell and the other battery cells connected in parallel; the curved and / or zigzag-shaped fusible link has high safety performance; and the battery module, the battery pack, and the device use the busbar to achieve a multi-parallel battery configuration.

Description

Fuse structure, busbar, battery module, battery pack and equipment

[0001] The present application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202421144676.3, filed on May 23, 2024, entitled "Fuse structure, busbar, battery module, battery pack and equipment" and Chinese Patent Application No. 202422296186.1, filed on September 19, 2024, entitled "Fuse structure, busbar, battery module, battery pack and equipment", the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a fuse structure, a busbar, a battery module, a battery pack and equipment. BACKGROUND

[0003] A battery module includes a plurality of single batteries, which are connected in series and parallel through a busbar in a certain manner. When multiple single batteries are connected in parallel, if a short circuit occurs in a single battery, the current of the remaining single batteries connected in parallel will flow back to the faulty battery, causing thermal runaway of the battery module, and further causing a larger range of thermal runaway. Currently, the battery industry usually designs a fuse protection structure at the system level. However, the fuse protection structure at the system level cannot avoid the current of the remaining single batteries connected in parallel from flowing back to the faulty battery, which still causes thermal runaway of the battery module, but can avoid causing a larger range of thermal runaway. TECHNICAL PROBLEM

[0004] In order to avoid thermal runaway of the battery module, some existing technologies use a technical solution of adding a temperature fuse at the parallel end of the busbar. Since the temperature fuse has many components, and the busbar has a large number of parallel ends, the large use of temperature fuses not only increases the production cost, but also greatly increases the weight of the busbar. Some existing technologies use a hollow, weak position on an integrated busbar for fusing, but the material of the busbar is usually copper, which has a melting point of 1083℃. The processing technology of directly making a hollow, weak position on the busbar is complex, and the hollow, weak position is prone to breakage during production, mechanical environment, etc. If the size of the hollow, weak position is increased to avoid breakage, a larger current is needed to fuse, which has great application limitations. SOLUTION

[0005] The present application provides a fuse structure, a busbar, a battery module, a battery pack and equipment.

[0006] In a first aspect, the application provides a fuse structure, in which a conductive piece and a fuse piece are spliced with each other to form a spliced structure instead of an integrated structure in the prior art. In this way, in production, the fuse piece with a lower melting point than the conductive piece can be selected according to the actual application. When a single battery is short-circuited and fails, only a small current is needed, and the fuse piece can timely and quickly cut off the electrical connection between the failed single battery and other single batteries in parallel, thereby avoiding the reverse flow of current to cause the temperature of the failed single battery to be too high, and further avoiding thermal runaway. The curved and / or zigzag fuse piece can absorb the relative displacement between the two conductive pieces, such as the displacement caused by expansion during charging and discharging, mechanical vibration, and displacement generated in the impact process, thereby avoiding the rupture of the fuse piece, prolonging the service life, and being safe.

[0007] In a second aspect, the application provides a busbar, which includes a plurality of the fuse structures of the application, and the plurality of fuse structures are sequentially arranged along a second direction. In the same fuse structure, the plurality of conductive pieces and the plurality of fuse pieces are alternately arranged along a third direction.

[0008] In a third aspect, the application provides a battery module, which includes the busbar of the application, and further includes a plurality of single batteries, a positive electrode connection part connected to the positive electrode of the single battery, and a negative electrode connection part connected to the negative electrode of the single battery. Two single batteries connected to the same conductive piece are connected in series with each other, and two conductive pieces connected to the same single battery are connected in series with each other. The conductive pieces and the single batteries connected in series form a battery unit, and the plurality of battery units are connected in parallel with each other through the fuse pieces. The battery module further includes a total positive busbar, a total negative busbar, and a clamping plate. The total positive busbar is connected to the positive electrode of the single battery, the total negative busbar is connected to the negative electrode of the single battery, and the busbar, the single battery, the total positive busbar, and the total negative busbar are all connected to the clamping plate.

[0009] In a fourth aspect, the application provides a battery pack, which includes the battery module of the application.

[0010] In a fifth aspect, the application provides an equipment, which includes the battery pack of the application. Advantages

[0011] In the fuse structure provided by the application, the conductive piece and the fuse piece are spliced with each other to form a spliced structure instead of an integrated structure in the prior art. In this way, in production, the fuse piece with a lower melting point than the conductive piece can be selected according to the actual application. When a single battery is short-circuited and fails, only a small current is needed, and the fuse piece can timely and quickly cut off the electrical connection between the failed single battery and other single batteries in parallel, thereby avoiding the reverse flow of current to cause the temperature of the failed single battery to be too high, and further avoiding thermal runaway. The curved and / or zigzag fuse piece can absorb the relative displacement between the two conductive pieces, such as the displacement caused by expansion during charging and discharging, mechanical vibration, and displacement generated in the impact process, thereby avoiding the rupture of the fuse piece, prolonging the service life, and being safe.

[0012] The busbar of the application adopts the fuse structure of the application, which is stable in structure and high in safety.

[0013] The battery module of the application adopts the busbar of the application. The battery module of the application is generally connected in series along the first direction, and the battery module composed of single batteries is generally connected in parallel along the third direction, so that the battery layout of multiple parallel connections can be realized, and the structure is stable and high in safety.

[0014] The battery pack of the application adopts the battery module of the application, which can realize the battery layout of multiple parallel connections, and the structure is stable and high in safety.

[0015] The equipment of the application adopts the battery pack of the application, which can realize the battery layout of multiple parallel connections, and the structure is stable and high in safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the busbar of the application;

[0017] Fig. 2 is a partial structural schematic diagram of Fig. 1 of the application;

[0018] Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the battery module of the application;

[0019] Fig. 4 is a partial structural schematic diagram of Fig. 3 of the application.

[0020] Among them, the meaning of the reference signs is as follows:

[0021] 10, fuse element, 101, fuse strip, 102, connecting piece, 20, conductive element, 201, positive connection part, 202, negative connection part, 30, single battery, 40, process hole, 50, total positive busbar, 60, total negative busbar, 70, clamping plate, 80, positioning hole, a, first direction, b, third direction.

[0022] Referring to Figs. 1-4, the application discloses a fuse structure, which comprises a fuse element 10 and a conductive element 20. At least two conductive elements 20 are arranged on the side of the fuse element 10. The conductive element 20 is spliced together with the fuse element 10. The fuse element 10 is in a curved shape and / or a broken line shape.

[0023] It should be noted that the fuse element 10 is in a curved shape, or the fuse element 10 is in a broken line shape, or one part of the fuse element 10 is in a curved shape and the other part is in a broken line shape.

[0024] Specifically, the fuse element 10 is in the shape of "N", "Z", "S" and the like. The specific shape of the fuse element 10 is determined according to the actual application and is not limited thereto.

[0025] The conductive piece 20 and the fusing piece 10 in the fusing structure of the application are spliced with each other to form a spliced structure instead of an integrated structure in the prior art. In this way, in production, the fusing piece 10 with a lower melting point than the conductive piece 20 can be selected according to actual application conditions. When a single battery 30 appears to be short-circuited and fails, only a small current is needed, and the fusing piece 10 can timely and quickly cut off the electrical connection between the failed single battery 30 and other phase-parallel single batteries 30, thereby avoiding the temperature of the failed single battery 30 from being too high due to the backflow of current and further avoiding thermal runaway. The curved and / or broken-line fusing piece 10 can absorb the relative displacement between two conductive pieces 20, such as the displacement caused by expansion during charging and discharging, mechanical vibration, and displacement generated in the impact process, thereby avoiding breakage and prolonging the service life.

[0026] In the embodiment of the application, the melting point of the fusing piece 10 is lower than the melting point of the conductive piece 20.

[0027] In the embodiment of the application, the conductive piece 20 is made of copper, and the fusing piece 10 is made of aluminum.

[0028] Specifically, the melting point of copper is 1083℃, and the melting point of aluminum is 660℃. When a single battery 30 appears to be short-circuited and fails, only a small current is needed, and the fusing piece 10 can be timely and quickly fused to cut off the electrical connection between the failed single battery 30 and other phase-parallel single batteries 30.

[0029] Of course, in other embodiments, the fusing piece 10 can also be made of other metals with a lower melting point than the conductive piece 20, depending on actual application conditions, and is not limited thereto.

[0030] In the embodiment of the application, the surface of the conductive piece 20 is provided with a nickel plating layer, which is used for surface corrosion prevention of the conductive piece 20.

[0031] Specifically, the fuse 10 and the conductive member 20 are integrally formed or separately formed, for example, the fuse 10 and the conductive member 20 are spliced by a welding process, an adhesive process, a casting process, screw nut connection, clamping and the like; when the welding process, the adhesive process, the screw nut connection and the clamping are used for splicing, the fuse 10 and the conductive member 20 are both solid. When the casting process is used for splicing, the fuse 10 is solid, and the fuse 10 is arranged as an insert in the casting cavity of the conductive member 20, and after the metal liquid used for forming the conductive member 20 is cooled and solidified, the conductive member 20 and the fuse 10 are connected as a whole; or the conductive member 20 is solid, and the conductive member 20 is arranged as an insert in the casting cavity of the fuse 10, and after the metal liquid used for forming the fuse 10 is cooled and solidified, the conductive member 20 and the fuse 10 are connected as a whole; of course, in some application cases, the fuse 10 and the conductive member 20 can be integrally formed by means of a casting mold, and in the process of integral forming, the metal liquid used for forming the fuse 10 and the metal liquid used for forming the conductive member 20 do not fuse with each other, and the fuse 10 and the conductive member 20 integrally formed have a splicing line therebetween.

[0032] In the embodiment of the present application, the fuse 10 includes a fuse strip 101, and the fuse strip 101 is in a curve shape and / or a polyline shape, and at least two fuse strips 101 are arranged along a first direction in sequence and at intervals in the same fuse 10.

[0033] Specifically, the fuse strip 101 is in an "N" shape, a "Z" shape, an "S" shape and the like, and the specific shape of the fuse strip 101 is determined according to actual application conditions and is not limited thereto.

[0034] In one embodiment, in order to facilitate the installation of the fuse strip 101, the fuse 10 further includes a connecting piece 102, and the two ends of the fuse strip 101 are provided with the connecting piece 102, and the connecting piece 102 is welded on the corresponding conductive member 20 by a welding process.

[0035] Specifically, the conductive member 20 can be in a sheet shape, a plate shape or a strip shape and the like, and the specific shape of the conductive member 20 is determined according to actual application conditions, so as to be able to realize the connection with the single battery 30.

[0036] Specifically, the thickness of the conductive member 20 is 0.1 mm-1 mm.

[0037] In one embodiment, the thickness of the conductive member 20 is 0.3 mm.

[0038] In one embodiment, the cross-sectional size of a single fuse strip 101 is 0.5 mm*0.8 mm.

[0039] It should be noted that the cross-sectional size of the fuse bar 101 is positively correlated with the required size of the fuse current, and the larger the cross-sectional size of the fuse bar 101, the larger the fuse current required to fuse it, and the smaller the cross-sectional size of the fuse bar 101, the smaller the fuse current required to fuse it. The specific size of the conductive part 20 and the fuse bar 101 is determined according to the actual application and is not limited thereto.

[0040] It should be noted that at least two conductive parts 20 and at least one fuse part 10 are provided, and the specific number of conductive parts 20 can be two, three, four or more; the specific number of fuse parts 10 can be one, two, three, four or more; the specific number of conductive parts 20 and the specific number of fuse parts 10 are matched with each other and are determined according to the actual application and are not limited thereto.

[0041] In the embodiment of the present application, the conductive part 20 includes a positive electrode connecting part 201 and a negative electrode connecting part 202, and the positive electrode connecting part 201 and the negative electrode connecting part 202 are arranged in a staggered manner.

[0042] Specifically, the positive electrode connecting part 201 is used to connect the positive electrode of the single battery 30, and the negative electrode connecting part 202 is used to connect the negative electrode of the single battery 30. Since the positive electrode connecting part 201 and the negative electrode connecting part 202 are arranged in a staggered manner, the battery module composed of the single battery 30 is generally connected in series along the first direction, and the battery module composed of the single battery 30 is generally connected in parallel along the third direction, so that a multi-parallel battery layout can be achieved.

[0043] Specifically, the positive electrode connecting part 201 and the negative electrode connecting part 202 are staggered in the radial direction of the single battery 30.

[0044] When the single battery 30 is a cylindrical battery, since the positive electrode of the cylindrical battery is higher than the negative electrode of the cylindrical battery, the height difference is generally 1mm-2mm. In order to realize the connection between the conductive part 20 and the single battery 30, the positive electrode connecting part 201 and the negative electrode connecting part 202 also have a height difference, and the height difference between the two is adapted to each other. In this way, the positive electrode connecting part 201 and the negative electrode connecting part 202 have a height difference in the axial direction of the single battery 30, and the positive electrode connecting part 201 and the negative electrode connecting part 202 are also staggered in the axial direction of the single battery 30.

[0045] In the embodiment of the present application, the positive electrode connecting part 201 is provided with a process hole 40; when the conductive part 20 is welded with the positive electrode of the single battery 30, the process hole 40 can avoid stress deformation of the conductive part 20, thereby improving the welding yield.

[0046] Referring to FIG. 1-4, the application discloses a busbar, which comprises a plurality of fuse structures arranged in sequence along a second direction; in the same fuse structure, a plurality of conductive pieces 20 and a plurality of fuses 10 are arranged in sequence along a third direction.

[0047] In an embodiment, in order to realize the dense arrangement, the first direction and the second direction are parallel to each other, and the first direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0048] Referring to FIG. 1-4, the application discloses a battery module, which comprises the busbar in the embodiment, and further comprises a plurality of single batteries 30, a positive electrode connecting part 201 connected with the positive electrode of the single battery 30, and a negative electrode connecting part 202 connected with the negative electrode of the single battery 30; two single batteries 30 connected with the same conductive piece 20 are connected in series with each other, and two conductive pieces 20 connected with the same single battery 30 are connected in series with each other, the conductive pieces 20 and the single batteries 30 connected in series with each other constitute a battery unit, and a plurality of battery units are connected in parallel with each other through the fuses 10; further comprising a total positive busbar 50, a total negative busbar 60, and a clamping plate 70, the total positive busbar 50 is connected with the positive electrode of the single battery 30, the total negative busbar 60 is connected with the negative electrode of the single battery 30, and the busbar, the single battery 30, the total positive busbar 50, and the total negative busbar 60 are all connected with the clamping plate 70.

[0049] Specifically, the battery module is connected in series along the first direction in general, and the battery module composed of the single batteries 30 is connected in parallel along the third direction in general, so that the battery layout of multiple parallel connections can be realized.

[0050] In an embodiment, the single battery 30 is a cylindrical battery, for example, a large cylindrical battery 4695; of course, the specific type of the single battery 30 is determined according to the actual application, and is not limited thereto.

[0051] Specifically, in order to facilitate the connection of the busbar with the fuse structure and the clamping plate 70, the conductive piece 20 is provided with a positioning hole 80, and the installation position of the conductive piece 20 is determined through the positioning hole 80.

[0052] Referring to FIG. 1-4, the application discloses a battery pack, which comprises the battery module in the embodiment.

[0053] Referring to FIG. 1-4, the application discloses an equipment, which comprises the battery pack in the embodiment.

Claims

1. A fuse structure, characterized by The fuse element is provided with at least two conductive elements on the side of the fuse element, and the conductive elements are spliced together with the fuse element, and the fuse element is a curved line and / or a broken line.

2. The fuse structure of claim 1, wherein The melting point of the fuse element is lower than the melting point of the conductive element.

3. The fuse structure of claim 2, wherein The conductive element is made of copper, and the fuse element is made of aluminum.

4. The fuse structure of claim 3, wherein The surface of the conductive element is provided with a nickel plating layer.

5. The fuse structure of claim 1, wherein The fuse element includes a fuse strip, and the fuse strip is a curved line and / or a broken line, and at least two fuse strips are arranged in sequence along a first direction in the same fuse element.

6. The fuse structure of claim 5, wherein The fuse element further includes a connecting piece, and the two ends of the fuse strip are provided with the connecting piece, and the connecting piece is welded on the corresponding conductive element.

7. A fuse structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that The conductive element includes a positive electrode connecting part and a negative electrode connecting part, and the positive electrode connecting part and the negative electrode connecting part are arranged in a staggered manner.

8. The fuse structure of claim 7, wherein The positive electrode connecting part is provided with a process hole.

9. The fuse structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The conductive element is connected with the fuse element as a whole, The fuse element is a solid, and the fuse element is arranged as an insert in the casting cavity of the conductive element; or The conductive element is a solid, and the conductive element is arranged as an insert in the casting cavity of the fuse element.

10. The fuse structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that The conductive element is provided with a positioning hole for positioning.

11. A busbar, characterized in that The fuse structure includes at least one fuse structure as claimed in any one of claims 1-10; wherein at least two conductive elements and at least one fuse element are arranged in sequence along a third direction.

12. A battery module, characterized by The busbar includes a fuse structure as claimed in claim 11, and further includes a plurality of single batteries, and the positive electrode connecting part of the conductive element of the fuse structure of the busbar is connected with the positive electrode of the single battery, and the negative electrode connecting part of the conductive element is connected with the negative electrode of the single battery. Two single batteries connected with the same conductive element are connected in series with each other, and two conductive elements connected with the same single battery are connected in series with each other, and the conductive elements and the single batteries connected in series constitute a battery unit, and a plurality of battery units are connected in parallel with each other through the fuse element. Further including a total positive busbar, a total negative busbar and a clamping plate, the total positive busbar is connected with the positive electrode of the single battery, the total negative busbar is connected with the negative electrode of the single battery, and the busbar, the single battery, the total positive busbar and the total negative busbar are connected with the clamping plate.

13. The battery module of claim 12, wherein The single battery is a cylindrical battery, The positive electrode connecting part and the negative electrode connecting part are arranged in a staggered manner in the radial direction of the single battery. The positive electrode connecting part and the negative electrode connecting part are arranged in a staggered manner in the axial direction of the single battery.

14. A battery pack, characterized by The battery module includes the battery module as claimed in claim 12 or 13.

15. An apparatus, comprising: The battery pack includes the battery pack as claimed in claim 14.

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