Operation method for coupled system of compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy

Abstract

The present invention relates to an operation method for a coupled system of compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy. The coupled system comprises a compressed air energy storage subsystem and a hydrogen energy subsystem. The method comprises: determining a working mode of the coupled system on the basis of a dispatch instruction Pref and a state of charge (SOC); in an energy storage mode, dividing the dispatch instruction Pref into a first electric energy input instruction Pref_in1 and a second electric energy input instruction Pref_in2; in a power generation mode, decomposing the dispatch instruction Pref by means of a power distribution unit into a low-frequency component Pref_out1 and a high-frequency component Pref_out2; and applying control to the two subsystems respectively in each working mode. The present invention can use relatively small-scale hydrogen energy storage to address the deficiency that compressed air energy storage has difficulty in effectively adapting to power fluctuations, and can improve the accommodation level of renewable energy and the operation flexibility of the coupled system.

Description

Method for operating a compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy coupling system TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy, in particular to a method for operating a compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy coupling system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Diabatic compressed air energy storage (D-CAES) is an energy storage technology based on gas turbines, which has been proven to have good operation reliability and start-stop performance. Its working principle is as follows: during the energy storage period, the compressor is driven by electric energy to compress air, converting electric energy into high-pressure air potential energy storage, and the compression heat is dissipated by inter-stage and post-stage coolers; during the power generation period, the stored high-pressure air drives the turbine to generate power after combustion. Hydrogen energy is a clean and high-quality secondary energy. Coupling renewable energy to produce hydrogen has the advantages of hydrogen energy storage and rapid power response, and is expected to play a key role in future new power systems. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) are the core devices for electricity-hydrogen conversion, with a power regulation range of 10% to 100% and a full power response time of about 10-15s, which has good adaptability to fluctuating renewable energy.

[0003] However, the present inventors have found that the conversion efficiency of the current "electricity-hydrogen-electricity" narrow-sense hydrogen energy storage is less than 40%. D-CAES has higher technical maturity and energy storage efficiency than PEM hydrogen energy storage, but it has deficiencies in response speed. Due to the limitation of surge conditions, the power regulation range of the compressor is about 70% to 100%, and the limitation of the operating range will lead to difficulties in the consumption of renewable energy in the low power range. Therefore, it is necessary to design a scheme that combines the above two energy storage technologies to fully utilize the advantages of large regulation capacity of compressed air energy storage and fast response speed of hydrogen energy storage. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for operating a compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy coupling system, which uses compressed air energy storage as the main energy storage unit, uses relatively small hydrogen energy storage to overcome the defect that compressed air energy storage cannot effectively adapt to power fluctuations, and improves the renewable energy consumption level and the operation flexibility of the coupling system under the premise of ensuring the overall energy storage efficiency.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme of the present application is: a running method of a compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy coupling system, which comprises a compressed air energy storage subsystem and a hydrogen energy subsystem; the running method comprises:

[0006] determining the working mode of the compressed air energy storage subsystem and the hydrogen energy subsystem according to the scheduling instruction P ref and the state of charge SOC; the specific strategy is:

[0007] if P ref <0, and |P ref |≥P CAES_min , and SOC CAES_min ≤SOC CAES ≤SOC CAES_max , the compressed air energy storage subsystem is in the energy storage mode;

[0008] if P ref <0, and |P ref |<P CAES_min or |P ref |>P CAES_max , and SOC H_min ≤SOC H ≤SOC H_max , the hydrogen energy subsystem is in the energy storage mode;

[0009] if P ref >0, and SOC CAES_min ≤SOC CAES ≤SOC CAES_max , the compressed air energy storage subsystem is in the power generation mode,

[0010] if P ref >0, and SOC H_min ≤SOC H ≤SOC H_max , the hydrogen energy subsystem is in the power generation mode; wherein,

[0011] P CAES_min and P CAES_max are respectively the minimum value and the maximum value of the power of the compression module of the compressed air energy storage subsystem;

[0012] SOC CAES , SOC CAES_min and SOC CAES_max are respectively the SOC of the gas storage module of the compressed air energy storage subsystem and the minimum value and the maximum value thereof;

[0013] SOC H , SOC H_min and SOC H_maxSOC of the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen energy subsystem (102) and minimum and maximum values thereof, respectively.

[0014] Further, in order to make the compressed air energy storage subsystem and the hydrogen energy subsystem work better and more reasonably in the energy storage mode, the operation method further comprises:

[0015] In the energy storage mode, the dispatching instruction P ref is allocated as a first electric energy input instruction P ref_in1 and a second electric energy input instruction P ref_in2 .

[0016] The compressed air energy storage subsystem is controlled based on the first electric energy input instruction P ref_in1 .

[0017] The hydrogen energy subsystem is controlled based on the second electric energy input instruction P ref_in2 .

[0018] Further, in the energy storage mode, the allocation strategy of the dispatching instruction P ref is as follows:

[0019] If |P ref | < P CAES_min , then P ref_in1 = 0, P ref_in2 = P ref .

[0020] If P CAES_min ≤ |P ref | ≤ P CAES_max , then P ref_in1 = P ref , P ref_in2 = 0.

[0021] If |P ref | > P CAES_max , then P ref_in1 = -P CAES_max , P ref_in2 = max{-(|P ref |-P CAES_max ), -P H_max}; wherein P H_max is the maximum value of the hydrogen production device power of the hydrogen energy subsystem.

[0022] Further, in order to make the compressed air energy storage subsystem and the hydrogen energy subsystem work better and more reasonably in the power generation mode, the operation method further comprises:

[0023] In the power generation mode, the dispatching instruction P ref is allocated as a first electric energy output instruction P ref_out1 and a second electric energy output instruction Pref_out2 ;

[0024] based on the first electric energy output instruction P ref_out1 control the compressed air energy storage subsystem to work;

[0025] based on the second electric energy output instruction P ref_out2 control the hydrogen energy subsystem to work.

[0026] Further, in the power generation mode, the dispatching instruction P ref is allocated as follows:

[0027] The dispatching instruction P ref is decomposed into a low frequency component and a high frequency component by the power distribution unit, the low frequency component is taken as the first electric energy output instruction P ref_out1 , and the high frequency component is taken as the second electric energy output instruction P ref_out2 .

[0028] Further, a specific structure of a compressed air energy storage subsystem is provided, the compressed air energy storage subsystem comprising a compression module, a gas storage module and a power generation module; wherein,

[0029] The compression module is connected to the gas storage module and is configured to supply compressed air to the gas storage module, and the power generation module is connected to the gas storage module and is configured to generate power by using the compressed air;

[0030] The power generation module comprises a preheating device, at least one air working unit and a generator, when the air working unit has at least two levels, the air working units are connected in series, each air working unit comprises a combustion device and an air working device connected in series, the preheating device is connected to the combustion device of the first air working unit and the gas storage module, the preheating device is configured to use the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the last air working device to increase the temperature of the high-pressure air discharged from the gas storage module, the combustion device is configured to increase the temperature and pressure of the air entering the air working device by burning natural gas and / or hydrogen, and the generator is coaxially connected to the air working device.

[0031] Further, the gas storage module is an underground gas storage space or an artificial pressure container, and the underground gas storage space is a salt cavern, a depleted oil and gas reservoir or an aquifer.

[0032] Further, in order to ensure the constant exhaust pressure of the gas storage module and improve the operating conditions of the air working unit, a throttle valve is arranged on the communication pipeline connecting the preheating device and the gas storage module.

[0033] Further provided is a specific structure of a hydrogen energy subsystem, which comprises a hydrogen production device, a hydrogen compression device, an oxygen compression device, a hydrogen storage device, an oxygen storage device, and a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation device; wherein,

[0034] The hydrogen production device comprises an electric power electronic converter and a PEM electrolyzer connected electrically, the electric power electronic converter being used to reduce voltage and provide a direct current power supply for the PEM electrolyzer, and the PEM electrolyzer being used to electrolyze water into hydrogen and oxygen, the hot water required by the PEM electrolyzer being obtained from condensed water after heat exchange in a compression module of the compressed air energy storage subsystem;

[0035] The hydrogen compression device is connected between the PEM electrolyzer and the hydrogen storage device, and is used to compress the hydrogen produced by the PEM electrolyzer for storage in the hydrogen storage device;

[0036] The oxygen compression device is connected between the PEM electrolyzer and the oxygen storage device, and is used to compress the oxygen produced by the PEM electrolyzer for storage in the oxygen storage device;

[0037] The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation device comprises a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a DC / AC converter, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell being connected to the hydrogen storage device and the oxygen storage device respectively, and being used to generate a direct current through the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, and the DC / AC converter being used to convert the direct current generated by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell into an alternating current to feed into an alternating current grid.

[0038] Further, in order to ensure the power supply quality of the PEM electrolyzer, a power type energy storage element is connected in parallel to the outlet of the electric power electronic converter.

[0039] After the above technical solution is adopted, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] 1. The present application uses compressed air energy storage as the main energy storage unit, and under the premise of ensuring the comprehensive energy storage efficiency, converts renewable energy in a low power range into hydrogen energy storage by using a small-capacity PEM hydrogen production device, thereby improving the consumption level of renewable energy;

[0041] 2. The small-amplitude high-frequency component in the power instruction is responded by the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation device in the hydrogen energy subsystem, which to some extent overcomes the defect of insufficient response speed of the compressed air energy storage subsystem;

[0042] 3. The present application can introduce super capacitor energy storage in the hydrogen production device of the hydrogen energy subsystem, absorb fluctuating energy in the input electric energy, and thereby ensure the power supply quality of the PEM electrolyzer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy coupling system according to the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen production device according to the present invention;

[0045] In the diagram, 101 is the compressed air energy storage subsystem; 102 is the hydrogen energy subsystem; 201 is the AC / DC converter based on the fully controlled IGBT device; 202 is the PEM electrolytic load; and 203 is the supercapacitor energy storage.

[0046] 1. Electric motor; 2. First air compressor; 3. Second air compressor; 4. Third air compressor; 5. Fourth air compressor; 6. First cooling device; 7. Second cooling device; 8. Third cooling device; 9. Fourth cooling device; 10. Gas storage module; 11. Throttling valve; 12. Preheating device; 13. First combustion device; 14. Second combustion device; 15. First air-powered device; 16. Second air-powered device; 17. Generator; 18. Hydrogen production device; 19. Hydrogen compression device; 20. Oxygen compression device; 21. Hydrogen storage device; 22. Oxygen storage device; 23. Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation device. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0048] As shown in Figure 1, a compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy coupling system includes a compressed air energy storage subsystem 101 and a hydrogen energy subsystem 102, and its operation method includes:

[0049] According to scheduling instruction P ref The operating modes of the compressed air energy storage subsystem 101 and the hydrogen energy subsystem 102 are determined by the State of Charge (SOC); among them, the dispatch command P ref The power rating is defined as negative for energy storage and positive for power generation.

[0050] The specific strategy is as follows:

[0051] If P ref <0, and |P ref |≥P CAES_min And SOC CAES_min ≤SOC CAES ≤SOC CAES_max Then the compressed air energy storage subsystem 101 is in energy storage mode;

[0052] If P ref <0, and |P ref | <P CAES_min or |P ref |>PCAES_max , and SOC H_min ≤ SOC H ≤ SOC H_max , the hydrogen energy subsystem 102 is in the energy storage mode;

[0053] If P ref > 0, and SOC CAES_min ≤ SOC CAES ≤ SOC CAES_max , the compressed air energy storage subsystem 101 is in the power generation mode;

[0054] If P ref > 0, and SOC H_min ≤ SOC H ≤ SOC H_max , the hydrogen energy subsystem 102 is in the power generation mode; wherein,

[0055] P CAES_min and P CAES_max are the minimum and maximum values of the compression module power of the compressed air energy storage subsystem 101, respectively;

[0056] SOC CAES , SOC CAES_min and SOC CAES_max are the SOC of the gas storage module 10 of the compressed air energy storage subsystem 101 and the minimum and maximum values thereof, respectively;

[0057] SOC H , SOC H_min and SOC H_max are the SOC of the hydrogen storage device 21 of the hydrogen energy subsystem 102 and the minimum and maximum values thereof, respectively.

[0058] Specifically, the compressed air energy storage subsystem 101 is taken as the main energy storage unit in the embodiment, and under the premise of ensuring the comprehensive energy storage efficiency, the small-capacity hydrogen energy subsystem 102 is used to convert the renewable energy in the low-power range into hydrogen energy storage, thereby improving the consumption level of renewable energy.

[0059] If the compressed air energy storage subsystem 101 neither meets the condition of the energy storage mode nor meets the condition of the power generation mode, it is in the idle mode of non-operation;

[0060] If the hydrogen energy subsystem 102 neither meets the condition of the energy storage mode nor meets the condition of the power generation mode, it is in the idle mode of non-operation.

[0061] In one embodiment, the method further comprises:

[0062] In the energy storage mode, the dispatching instruction P ref is allocated as the first electric energy input instruction Pref_in1 and the second electric energy input instruction P ref_in2 ;

[0063] based on the first electric energy input instruction P ref_in1 to control the compressed air energy storage subsystem 101 to work, i.e., the first electric energy input instruction P ref_in1 is used to provide electric energy for the power source 1 of the compressed air energy storage subsystem 101;

[0064] based on the second electric energy input instruction P ref_in2 to control the hydrogen energy subsystem 102 to work, i.e., the second electric energy input instruction P ref_in2 is used to provide electric energy for the hydrogen production device 18 of the hydrogen energy subsystem 102.

[0065] In the energy storage mode, the dispatch instruction P ref is allocated according to the following strategy:

[0066] If |P ref | < P CAES_min , then P ref_in1 = 0, P ref_in2 = P ref ;

[0067] If P CAES_min ≤ |P ref | ≤ P CAES_max , then P ref_in1 = P ref , P ref_in2 = 0;

[0068] If |P ref | > P CAES_max , then P ref_in1 = -P CAES_max , P ref_in2 = max{-(|P ref |-P CAES_max ), -P H_max}; wherein P H_max is the maximum value of the power of the hydrogen production device 18 of the hydrogen energy subsystem 102.

[0069] In one embodiment, the method further comprises:

[0070] In the power generation mode, the dispatch instruction P ref is allocated as the first electric energy output instruction P ref_out1 and the second electric energy output instruction P ref_out2 ;

[0071] based on the first electric energy output instruction P ref_out1 to control the compressed air energy storage subsystem 101 to work, i.e., the first electric energy output instruction P ref_out1The electric power required by the generator 17 of the compressed air energy storage subsystem 101 to output;

[0072] The second electric power output instruction P ref_out2 The hydrogen energy subsystem 102 is controlled to work, that is, the second electric power output instruction P ref_out2 The electric power required by the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation device 23 of the hydrogen energy subsystem 102 to output.

[0073] In the power generation mode, the scheduling instruction P ref The distribution strategy is:

[0074] The scheduling instruction P ref Is decomposed into a low-frequency component and a high-frequency component by the power distribution unit, and the low-frequency component is taken as the first electric power output instruction P ref_out1 , and the high-frequency component is taken as the second electric power output instruction P ref_out2 . The power distribution unit selects a first-order Butterworth filter, and the distribution formula is:

[0075] Where T is the filter time constant, and the proportion of the high-frequency component P ref_out2 Increases with the increase of T.

[0076] Specifically, in the power generation mode, the compressed air energy storage subsystem 101 and the hydrogen energy subsystem 102 are controlled to output the required electric power based on the first electric power output instruction P ref_out1 And the second electric power output instruction P ref_out2 , so that the hydrogen energy subsystem 102 responds to the small high-frequency component in the power instruction P ref , thereby overcoming the defect of insufficient response speed of the compressed air energy storage subsystem 101 to a certain extent.

[0077] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the compressed air energy storage subsystem 101 includes a compression module, a gas storage module 10 and a power generation module; wherein,

[0078] The compression module is connected to the gas storage module 10 for supplying compressed air to the gas storage module 10, and the power generation module is connected to the gas storage module 10 for generating power by using the compressed air;

[0079] The power generation module comprises a preheating device 12, at least one air working unit, and a generator 17, when the air working unit has at least two levels, the air working units are connected in series, each air working unit comprises a combustion device and an air working device connected in series, the preheating device 12 is connected to the combustion device of the first air working unit and the air storage module 10, the preheating device 12 is used to increase the temperature of the high-pressure air discharged from the air storage module 10 by using the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the last air working device, the combustion device is used to increase the temperature and pressure of the air entering the air working device by burning natural gas and / or hydrogen, and the generator 17 is coaxially connected to the air working device.

[0080] In the example shown in FIG. 1, the at least one air working unit is a two-level air working unit, the two combustion devices are a first combustion device 13 and a second combustion device 14 in series, and the two air working devices are a first air working device 15 and a second air working device 16 in series.

[0081] The compression module comprises an electric motor 1 and at least two air compression units, the air compression units are connected in series, each air compression unit comprises an air compression device and a cooling device connected in series, the cooling device of the last air compression unit is connected to the air storage module 10, the cooling device is used to reduce the temperature of the air entering the air compression device or the air storage module 10 by using condensed water, and the electric motor 1 is a power source and is coaxially connected to the air compression device.

[0082] In the example shown in FIG. 1, the at least two air compression units are four-level air compression units, the four air compression devices are a first air compression device 2, a second air compression device 3, a third air compression device 4, and a fourth air compression device 5 in series, and the four cooling devices are a first cooling device 6, a second cooling device 7, a third cooling device 8, and a fourth cooling device 9 in series.

[0083] In one embodiment, the air storage module 10 is an underground air storage space or an artificial pressure container, and the underground air storage space is a salt cavern, a depleted oil and gas reservoir, or an aquifer.

[0084] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a throttle valve 11 is arranged on the communication pipeline connecting the preheating device 12 and the air storage module 10.

[0085] Specifically, the throttle valve 11 can ensure that the exhaust pressure of the air storage module 10 is constant, thereby improving the operating conditions of the air working unit.

[0086] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the hydrogen energy subsystem 102 comprises a hydrogen production device 18, a hydrogen compression device 19, an oxygen compression device 20, a hydrogen storage device 21, an oxygen storage device 22, and a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation device 23; wherein,

[0087] The hydrogen production device 18 comprises an electrically connected power electronic converter and a PEM electrolyzer, the power electronic converter is used to reduce the voltage and provide stable direct current power for the PEM electrolyzer, the PEM electrolyzer is used to electrolyze water into hydrogen and oxygen, and the required hot water of the PEM electrolyzer comes from the condensed water after heat exchange in the compression module of the compressed air energy storage subsystem 101;

[0088] The hydrogen compression device 19 is connected between the PEM electrolyzer and the hydrogen storage device 21, and is used to compress the hydrogen produced by the PEM electrolyzer to 1.5-2 MPa to be stored in the hydrogen storage device 21.

[0089] The oxygen compression device 20 is connected between the PEM electrolyzer and the oxygen storage device 22, and is used to compress the oxygen produced by the PEM electrolyzer to about 2 MPa to be stored in the oxygen storage device 22.

[0090] The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation device 23 comprises a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a DC / AC converter, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected to the hydrogen storage device 21 and the oxygen storage device 22 respectively, and is used to generate direct current through the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, and the DC / AC converter is used to convert the direct current generated by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell into alternating current to be fed into the alternating current power grid.

[0091] As shown in FIG. 1, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 21 can be used as fuel for the first combustion device 13 and the second combustion device 14 in the compressed air energy storage subsystem 101 to increase the temperature and pressure of the air entering the first air working device 15 and the second air working device 16, and can also be used for the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation device 23 to generate electric energy, and the oxygen in the oxygen storage device 22 can be supplied externally, and can also be used for the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation device 23 to generate electric energy. In the power generation mode, the ratio of natural gas and hydrogen entering the first combustion device 13 and the second combustion device 14 of the compressed air energy storage subsystem 101 can be flexibly adjusted according to the natural gas price, the SOC of the hydrogen storage device 21 in the hydrogen energy subsystem 102, and the maximum hydrogen doping amount allowed by the air working unit in the compressed air energy storage subsystem 101. H

[0092] The hydrogen production device 18 can be powered by a direct current bus or an alternating current bus. When powered by a direct current bus, the power electronic converter is a DC / DC converter; when powered by an alternating current bus, the power electronic converter is an AC / DC converter.

[0093] ​In the example shown in FIG. 2, AC bus power supply is adopted, and the power electronic converter of the hydrogen production device 18 is an AC / DC converter 201 based on full-controlled IGBT devices. In order to reduce the influence of fluctuating power supply on the PEM electrolytic cell, i.e. the influence on the PEM electrolytic load 202 in FIG. 2, a power-type energy storage element is connected in parallel at the outlet of the AC / DC converter 201, which can be a supercapacitor energy storage 203. The fluctuating power is converted into electric field energy of the supercapacitor energy storage 203 and stored through the power fast response control of the bidirectional DC / DC converter in the supercapacitor energy storage 203 (the fluctuating power in the second electric energy input instruction P ref_in2 is converted into the electric field energy of the supercapacitor energy storage 203 to store, which is manifested as the rise and fall of the voltage of the supercapacitor energy storage 203), thereby improving the power supply quality of the PEM electrolytic cell.

[0094] Based on the above ideal embodiments according to the present application, through the above description, relevant personnel can make various changes and modifications without deviating from the technical idea of the present application. The technical scope of the present application is not limited to the content in the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of claims.

Claims

1. A method for operating a compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy coupling system, characterized in that the compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy coupling system comprises a compressed air energy storage subsystem (101) and a hydrogen energy subsystem (102); and the method for operating the compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy coupling system comprises:

2. The method for operating the compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that the method for operating the compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy coupling system further comprises: According to the scheduling instruction P ref And the state of charge SOC to determine the working mode of the compressed air energy storage subsystem (101) and the hydrogen energy subsystem (102); The specific strategy is: If P ref <0, and |P ref |≥ P CAES_min , and SOC CAES_min ≤ SOC CAES ≤ SOC CAES_max , then the compressed air energy storage subsystem (101) is in energy storage mode. if P ref <0, and |P ref < P CAES_min or |P ref > P CAES_max , and SOC H_min ≤ SOC H ≤ SOC H_max , then the hydrogen energy subsystem (102) is in an energy storage mode; If P ref > 0, and SOC CAES_min ≤ SOC CAES ≤ SOC CAES_max , then the compressed air energy storage subsystem (101) is in power generation mode. If P ref > 0, and SOC H_min ≤ SOC H ≤ SOC H_max , then the hydrogen energy subsystem (102) is in power generation mode; wherein, P CAES_min and P CAES_max are respectively the minimum and maximum values of the compressed air energy storage subsystem (101) compressed module power; SOC CAES , SOC CAES_min , and SOC CAES_max are the SOC of the gas storage module (10) of the compressed air energy storage subsystem (101) and its minimum and maximum values, respectively; SOC H , SOC H_min , and SOC H_max are the SOC of the hydrogen storage device (21) of the hydrogen energy subsystem (102) and its minimum and maximum values, respectively.

3. The method for operating the compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy coupling system according to claim 2, characterized in that the method for operating the compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy coupling system further comprises:

4. The method for operating the compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that the method for operating the compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy coupling system further comprises: In the energy storage mode, the dispatching instruction P ref is allocated as the first electric energy input instruction P ref_in1 and the second electric energy input instruction P ref_in2 ; based on the first electric energy input instruction P ref_in1 controlling the compressed air energy storage subsystem (101) to work; based on the second electric energy input instruction P ref_in2 controlling the hydrogen energy subsystem (102) to work.

5. The method for operating the compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy coupling system according to claim 4, characterized in that the method for operating the compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy coupling system further comprises: In the energy storage mode, the scheduling instruction P ref The allocation strategy is: If |P ref | < |P CAES_min |, then P ref_in1 = 0, P ref_in2 = P ref ; If P CAES_min ≤ |P ref | ≤ P CAES_max , then P ref_in1 = P ref , P ref_in2 = 0; if |P ref | > P CAES_max , then P ref_in1 = -P CAES_max , else P ref_in2 = max{-(|P ref |-P CAES_max ),-P H_max}; wherein P H_max is the maximum value of the hydrogen production device (18) power of the hydrogen energy subsystem (102).

6. The method for operating the compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressed air energy storage subsystem (101) comprises a compression module, a gas storage module (10) and a power generation module; wherein the compression module is connected to the gas storage module (10) for supplying compressed air to the gas storage module (10), and the power generation module is connected to the gas storage module (10) for generating power by using the compressed air; 7. The method for operating the compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy coupling system according to claim 6, characterized in that the gas storage module (10) is an underground gas storage space or an artificial pressure container, and the underground gas storage space is a salt cavern, a depleted oil and gas reservoir or an aquifer. In the power generation mode, the dispatching instruction P ref is allocated as a first electric energy output instruction P ref_out1 and a second electric energy output instruction P ref_out2 ; based on the first electric energy output instruction P ref_out1 controlling the compressed air energy storage subsystem (101) to work; based on the second electric energy output instruction P ref_out2 controlling the hydrogen energy subsystem (102) to work.

8. The method for operating the compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy coupling system according to claim 6, characterized in that a throttle valve (11) is arranged on a communication pipeline connecting the preheating device (12) and the gas storage module (10). In the power generation mode, the scheduling instruction P ref The allocation strategy is: The scheduling instruction P is decomposed into a low-frequency component and a high-frequency component, the low-frequency component is taken as the first electric energy output instruction P ref , and the high-frequency component is taken as the second electric energy output instruction P ref_out1 . ref_out2 ​ 9. The method for operating the compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrogen energy subsystem (102) comprises a hydrogen production device (18), a hydrogen compression device (19), an oxygen compression device (20), a hydrogen storage device (21), an oxygen storage device (22) and a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation device (23); wherein ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ The hydrogen production device (18) comprises an electrically connected power electronic converter and a PEM electrolyzer, the power electronic converter is used to step down and provide direct current power for the PEM electrolyzer, the PEM electrolyzer is used to electrolyze water into hydrogen and oxygen, and the required hot water of the PEM electrolyzer comes from the condensed water after heat exchange in the compression module of the compressed air energy storage subsystem (101); The hydrogen compression device (19) is connected between the PEM electrolyzer and the hydrogen storage device (21), and is used to compress the hydrogen generated by the PEM electrolyzer to store in the hydrogen storage device (21); The oxygen compression device (20) is connected between the PEM electrolyzer and the oxygen storage device (22), and is used to compress the oxygen generated by the PEM electrolyzer to store in the oxygen storage device (22); The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation device (23) comprises a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a DC / AC converter, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected with the hydrogen storage device (21) and the oxygen storage device (22) respectively, and is used to generate direct current through the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, and the DC / AC converter is used to convert the direct current generated by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell into alternating current to feed into the alternating current power grid.

10. The operation method of the compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy coupling system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The outlet of the power electronic converter is connected in parallel with a power type energy storage element.

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