Distributed energy resource management system

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to determine the appropriate level of incentives to be offered for the owners of demand-side devices to take actions to ensure adjustment capacity of distributed energy resources in a distributed energy resource management system. A distributed energy resource management system according to the present invention is for managing distributed energy resources disposed in a distribution network, said distributed energy resource management system being characterized by comprising a processing unit that optimizes the amount of the distributed energy resources and the amount of load, a setting value calculation unit that calculates the power flow of the distribution network, and that, on the basis of the result of this calculation, calculates a setting value for a voltage regulator, and a transmission means that transmits a voltage regulator operational constraint of the voltage regulator to a distribution system operation unit.

Description

Distributed Power Management System

[0001] The present invention relates to a distributed power management system.

[0002] In recent years, due to mismatches in power supply and demand and local voltage fluctuations in distribution systems, aggregation businesses that aggregate and provide the balancing power of distributed power sources from DERs (Distributed Energy Resources) such as EVs and batteries owned by consumers are becoming more widespread. In particular, in distribution systems, there is a growing demand for procuring the balancing power of local distributed power sources due to the increase in residential PV panels. In response to these circumstances, overseas distribution system operators (DSOs) are introducing distributed energy resource management systems (DERMS) that contribute to the control of distribution systems by utilizing distributed energy resources (DERs), such as renewable energy, storage batteries, and EV chargers, which are expected to increase in number in the future.

[0003] Regarding the provision of adjustment capability possessed by distributed power sources, a voltage control device is described in Patent Document 1, which adjusts the load taking into consideration the supply and demand situation, controls the distribution voltage taking into consideration the amount of load adjustment, and maintains the distribution line voltage at an appropriate value while suppressing loss of power generation opportunities. According to this invention, the control logic of the PCS is the main focus, and active power target values ​​and reactive power target values ​​are set by directly issuing commands to the PCS, and system voltage control is performed by performing the desired active power control and reactive power control.

[0004] Regarding the provision of adjustment power from distributed power sources, there is a technology described in Patent Document 2 as a power suppression control system that can adjust load taking into account supply and demand conditions and appropriately evaluate incentives for the amount of load adjustment.

[0005] This publication describes a system that "calculates, at predetermined times based on the database, the amount of load suppression performed by discharging the storage battery, generating the distributed power source, and suppressing the load itself, and the amount of load creation created by charging the storage battery and starting up the load that can be shifted in time, in order to control the amount of load adjustment at the distribution substation, and distributes the amount of load adjustment requested at the distribution substation for each feeder below the distribution substation based on the calculated amount of load suppression and the amount of load creation." a second allocation calculation device that allocates the load adjustment amount transmitted from the first allocation calculation device to each pole transformer below the feeder based on the calculated load suppression amount per feeder and the load creation amount per feeder, and a third allocation calculation device that calculates the contribution of each consumer to the load adjustment amount using the consumer's load adjustment amount and the load amount of the entire distribution substation based on the calculated load suppression amount per pole transformer and the load creation amount per pole transformer for the load adjustment amount transmitted from the second allocation calculation device.

[0006] JP 2022-119641 A JP 2014-128140 A

[0007] In Patent Document 1, control is based on the assumption that a PCS such as a renewable energy system is used, but control that takes into account the entire power distribution system is not anticipated, and the impact on the power distribution system when multiple PCSs are present is not anticipated.

[0008] Patent Literature 2 describes a method for adjusting power supply and demand by allocating the necessary adjustment capacity of a distributed power source to target devices of contracted consumers, and calculating and allocating the degree of contribution according to the allocated adjustment amount. However, when temporarily securing the adjustment capacity of a flexible distributed power source through voluntary cooperation from each consumer, such as by asking consumers to connect an EV to a charging station at a necessary location in response to local voltage fluctuations, or by asking consumers such as households to cooperate in increasing or decreasing their power usage, it is not possible to determine the level of compensation to be awarded to encourage cooperation.

[0009] An object of the present invention is to determine an appropriate level of reward to be given to owners of consumer equipment in a distributed power management system to encourage them to take action to ensure the adjustment capability of distributed power sources.

[0010] The distributed power supply management system of the present invention is a distributed power supply management system that manages distributed power sources arranged in a power distribution network, and is characterized by having a processing unit that optimizes the amount and load of the distributed power sources, a setting value calculation unit that calculates the power flow in the power distribution network and calculates setting values ​​for a voltage regulator from the calculation results, and a transmission means that transmits voltage regulator operation constraints of the voltage regulator to a power distribution system operation unit.

[0011] According to the present invention, a distributed power supply management system can determine an appropriate level of reward to be given to the owner of consumer equipment in order to encourage the owner to take action to ensure the adjustment capability of the distributed power supply.

[0012] A diagram showing the overall configuration of an embodiment. A diagram showing the relationship between a distributed power management system and consumers in an embodiment. An example of a consumer behavior database is shown. An example of remuneration sensitivity is shown. A processing flow of a remuneration sensitivity generation unit is shown. A processing flow of an adjustment power provision remuneration level calculation unit is shown. An example of price sensitivity adjustment is shown. A diagram showing the relationship between a distributed power management system and consumers in an embodiment. A diagram showing the relationship between a distributed power management system and consumers in an embodiment.

[0013] Hereinafter, an embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0014] 1 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of an embodiment. The distributed power management system of this embodiment mainly includes a processing unit (optimization unit 9) that optimizes the amount and load of distributed power sources, a power flow calculation unit that calculates the power flow of the power distribution network, a setting value calculation unit 10 that calculates voltage regulator setting values ​​based on the results calculated by the power flow calculation unit, and a transmission unit that transmits voltage regulator operation constraints of the voltage regulator to a distribution system operation unit (distribution system information 4). This makes it possible to optimize the amount and load of distributed power sources, calculate voltage regulator setting values ​​based on the results of the power flow calculation, and transmit the voltage regulator operation constraints to the distribution system operation unit. Therefore, the distribution system operator can make appropriate decisions based on the information from the distribution system operation unit.

[0015] 1 also shows how to optimize the amount of distributed power generation control in advance to avoid system congestion while grasping future system conditions. The power flow in the distribution network 3 is then calculated, and the voltage regulator settings are calculated based on the results of the power flow calculation. The future amount of distributed power generation, load, and voltage regulator operation constraints are then sent to the distribution system operation unit (distribution system information 4), which then shares the information with the distribution system operator (DSO).

[0016] The distributed power management system 101 cooperates with a distributed energy resource 2 (DER) and transmits an output command for the DER. Then, an operation plan value is transmitted back to the distributed power management system 101 using an operation plan unit 7 in the DER.

[0017] The operation realization value aggregation unit 8 accumulates this information in a database as demand and output estimation information 5. Meanwhile, the distributed power management system 101 collects the demand and output estimation information 5 and information on the system impedance of the power distribution network 3, information on interconnected renewable energy sources and loads accumulated as power distribution system information 4, and sends this information to the optimization unit 9. After providing an estimated DER output amount, the optimization unit 9 calculates setting values ​​for voltage regulators such as SVR and LRT so that the range falls within the upper and lower voltage limits in the power distribution system, and then performs a power flow calculation. Note that although optimization is described in this embodiment, optimization is also acceptable, and optimization is preferable.

[0018] If the node voltages of the distribution system at this time are within the allowable range, the DER output estimate is increased and the power flow calculation is performed again. On the other hand, if the node voltages of the distribution system exceed the allowable range, the DER output estimate is lowered by one level, and the setting calculation and power flow calculation are performed again. The setting calculation is performed using multiple regression analysis. First, a unit time for multiple regression analysis is set. For example, calculations for all time periods during the day, in one-hour or three-hour increments, are completed. Subsequent processing is performed on the data set included in the unit time. A PV combination is searched for, and the ideal voltage is found between the potential difference ΔV and the SVR passing currents Irsvr and Iisvr so that the margins between the upper and lower system voltage limits are equal. Then, multiple regression analysis is performed. α, where ΔV = α × Irsvr + β × Iisvr + ΔV0, is set as the SVR LDC setting value R (Ω). β is set as the SVR LDC setting value X (Ω). In the case of a distribution system, the upper and lower limits of the system voltage are determined as 6450V, 6600V, and 6750V based on the values ​​of the tap map of the pole transformer.

[0019] 2 is a diagram showing the details of the relationship between the distributed power supply management system 101 and consumers. The distributed power supply management system 101 includes an adjustment capacity related action designation unit 102 that designates an action related to the adjustment capacity of the distributed power supply and corresponds to the adjustment capacity of the distributed power supply, an adjustment capacity related action learning unit 104 of the distributed power supply that links information in a consumer action database (consumer action DB 103) with the action designated by the adjustment capacity related action designation unit 102 of the distributed power supply to learn the presence or absence of the relevant action and its frequency, a reward sensitivity generation unit 106 that generates a reward sensitivity of the consumer from the granted reward given to the consumer and the resulting granted reward + result action DB 105, and a reward sensitivity generation unit 107 that generates a reward sensitivity of the consumer from the granted reward given to the consumer and the resulting granted reward + result action DB 105. The system is equipped with a distributed power source adjustment capacity provision compensation level calculation unit 109 that determines an appropriate compensation level for the consumer to provide the adjustment capacity of the distributed power source using the consumer's compensation sensitivity obtained by the response generation unit 106, the related behavior learning model of the adjustment capacity of the distributed power source obtained by the distributed power source adjustment capacity related behavior learning unit 104, and adjustment capacity information 108, which is information related to the adjustment capacity of the distributed power source and its location and time period, provided by the transmission and distribution company 107, and transmits and notifies the distribution system operation unit.

[0020] The details of each element of the distributed power management system 101 and its processing are described below. First, the adjustment-capability-related action designation unit 102 of the distributed power source provides information on actions linked to the adjustment capacity of the distributed power source. While there are multiple types of adjustment capacity available in distributed power sources, this discussion focuses on individual consumers, and does not include frequency adjustments by large generators. The following applies. Examples of measures necessary to maintain supply and demand balance include negawatts, which require various consumers to reduce their power consumption when demand exceeds the available power during the heatwaves of summer daytime, and posiwatts, which require consumers to increase their power consumption to avoid curtailing renewable energy sources when there is excess power, such as wind power during low-power consumption times such as nighttime or photovoltaic power generation (PV) during the daytime during intermediate seasons. In the future, in addition to increasing consumption as posiwatts to prevent localized voltage increases that occur when PV power generation increases, we can also consider cases where consumers will be asked to output reactive power from inverters installed in electric vehicles and homes.

[0021] Actions related to the adjustment capacity of distributed power sources are linked to the above-mentioned contents. Examples include consuming electricity late at night, going out even during the hottest summer daytime hours, staying at home during the daytime on a weekday, and visiting a specific location by EV. Each of these corresponds to the adjustment capacity of each distributed power source mentioned above. For the above contents, the time period can be specified in more detail, such as from 1:00 to 4:00, rather than at night, and the location information can be specified in a wider range (2km) rather than being limited to a specific area such as one location. 2 It is also possible to specify a facility name such as a specific shopping center rather than location information. Furthermore, as for actions related to the adjusting capacity of distributed power sources, users of this system may input any actions other than those listed here as long as they are closely related to the provision of adjusting capacity of distributed power sources.

[0022] The consumer behavior DB 103 is a DB that records various consumer behaviors, an example of which is shown in FIG. 3. While a tabular relational database is shown, this format is not necessarily required, and various other formats may be used. For example, for each consumer, detailed information about the behavior, including the time period and duration, such as behavior A, is shown, in which various behaviors are recorded for each date, along with the time period, whether or not they were performed, and their duration. Alternatively, information about behavior B, which only records whether or not the behavior was performed on that day, may be used. Furthermore, the content of the data is not limited to this; for example, if the behavior is charging an EV at a certain location, information describing the amount of charge of the EV, or other specific figures, may be used.

[0023] The adjustment capacity related action learning unit 104 of the distributed power source searches for actions given by the adjustment capacity related action specifying unit 102 of the distributed power source that are identical to the action content recorded in the consumer action DB 103, and extracts that information. This can be done by syntactically analyzing the action content and selecting actions that are considered to be identical, or, if a specific consumer action DB exists and its items are known, by aligning the action content with the content recorded in the adjustment capacity related action specifying unit 102 of the distributed power source in advance and selecting the identical action content. Furthermore, when creating a new consumer action DB, only actions related to the adjustment capacity of the distributed power source can be used as the consumer action DB.

[0024] The granted reward + result action DB 105 is data obtained by the customer management system. The granted reward is, for example, various coupons that can be used for shopping, or information on various discounts. The result action is the action taken by the target consumer in response to the given coupon or discount, and this DB provides this combination. The DB can be a DB provided by a general customer management system, and the granted reward and result action are not limited to those described above.

[0025] The reward sensitivity generator 106 generates a reward sensitivity that indicates the degree of behavior of a consumer depending on the size of the reward. Figure 4 shows an example of reward sensitivity thus generated. The reward sensitivity is given by a curve 301 that indicates the degree of behavior that is predicted for the reward given to the consumer.

[0026] FIG. 5 shows the processing flow of the reward sensitivity generation unit 106 for providing this curve. First, the behavior execution rate relative to the reward is calculated from the behavior history performed in response to the granted reward (S401). Next, the obtained behavior execution rate is interpolated to generate the reward sensitivity relative to the granted reward (S402). In other words, the reward sensitivity is the relationship between the execution rate relative to the granted reward, and an appropriate granted reward can be provided. The reward sensitivity is generated in this manner. When generating the reward sensitivity, generally known interpolation methods such as polynomials, exponential functions, and other curve approximations can be used.

[0027] Next, the compensation level calculation unit 109 for providing the adjustment capacity of the distributed power source calculates the value required to derive the adjustment capacity of the distributed power source. The processing flow is shown in Figure 6. Adjustment capacity information of the distributed power source is received from the electricity transmission and distribution company (S501). For each consumer, adjustment capacity information of the related distributed power source is selected from the adjustment capacity information of the distributed power source (S502). The price sensitivity of consumers with relevant information is increased, and the price sensitivity of consumers without relevant information is decreased (S503). The amount to be offered to each consumer whose expected value of the adjustment capacity of the distributed power source exceeds the conditions and whose required amount is minimized is determined (S504). As a result of the above, an appropriate compensation level to be offered to each consumer for providing the adjustment capacity of the distributed power source can be determined.

[0028] The adjustment of price sensitivity in S503 is shown in Figure 7. If a consumer is engaging in behavior that corresponds to the required adjustment capacity of the distributed power source, the price sensitivity is increased (curve 601). Conversely, if no such behavior is present, the sensitivity is decreased (curve 602). In this case, the increase and decrease rates may be set to a certain fixed value, or different values ​​may be used for each consumer. Next, the calculation in S504 is shown in Equation 1 and Equation 2.

[0029]

[0030]

[0031] Here, i is the number of each consumer, s(i) is the amount of adjustment capacity provided by each consumer's distributed power source, p(i) is the behavior implementation rate of each consumer, S is the value of the adjustment capacity that the distributed power source wishes to secure, and m(p(i)) represents the amount of compensation offered to each consumer. Equation 1 is the constraint condition, and Equation 2 is the objective function. Equation 1 ensures that the expected value of the adjustment capacity that the distributed power source obtains exceeds the value of the adjustment capacity that the distributed power source wishes to secure, while minimizing the overall required cost.

[0032] Note that, by multiplying the left or right side of Equation 1 by a coefficient, it is possible to specify how many times the required expected value is compared to the required adjustment capacity of the distributed power source. This optimization problem can be solved by applying various NLP (Non-Linear Programming) techniques as a non-linear problem, or by using MILP (Mixed Integer Linear Programming), which linearly segments the non-linear characteristics, or by using a heuristic technique such as particle swarm optimization. The obtained amount is transmitted to each power transmission and distribution company 107.

[0033] As a result, it is possible to determine the level of reward to be given to owners of consumer equipment to encourage them to take action to secure the balancing capacity of distributed power sources. This makes it easier for consumers to decide to provide the balancing capacity of distributed power sources. In other words, the indicators for making a decision become clear, increasing their motivation.

[0034] 8 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the distributed power management system and consumers in an embodiment. In this embodiment, it is possible to modify the adjustment amount of price sensitivity to be given to each consumer based on the behavior of each consumer.

[0035] The difference is that the system receives information from each consumer 701. Based on the received remuneration amount, the calculation unit 109 for remuneration level for provision of adjustment capacity owned by the distributed power source requests each consumer 701 to provide the adjustment capacity of the distributed power source in order to secure the adjustment capacity of the distributed power source. Information on whether each consumer 701 actually responded to the request from the electricity transmission and distribution company 107 is then transmitted to the calculation unit 109 for remuneration level for provision of adjustment capacity owned by the distributed power source. The system then changes the degree of adjustment of price sensitivity in S503. For example, the price sensitivity adjustment is multiplied by a coefficient, and the coefficient is increased if there is a response, or decreased if there is no response. By repeating this process, the value of the adjustment capacity owned by the distributed power source required to initiate an action to provide the adjustment capacity of the distributed power source is corrected.

[0036] As a result, it is possible to correct the adjustment amount of price sensitivity to be given to each consumer based on the behavior of each consumer.

[0037] 9 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the distributed power management system and consumers in an embodiment. In this embodiment, in addition to monetary incentives to be provided to consumers, it is possible to provide non-monetary incentives as data within the application.

[0038] The configuration differs in that an application server 801 owned by the operating company is connected between each consumer 701 and the adjustment capability provision remuneration level calculation unit 109 owned by each consumer 701 and the distributed power source, and each consumer 701. The application server 801 is connected to a personal terminal (such as a smartphone) owned by each consumer 701 via a network.

[0039] The application server 801 stores the amounts charged for services by each consumer 701, and receives this information. When the adjustment capacity provision remuneration level calculation unit 109 of the distributed power source receives the adjustment capacity information 108 of the distributed power source, it notifies each consumer 701 via the application server 801 that the adjustment capacity of the distributed power source is available when provided, based on the usage status of each consumer 701 from the application server 801. At this time, this may be implemented in combination with monetary remuneration as described in the first two embodiments, or in some cases, remuneration alone may be used.

[0040] As an example of the adjustment power information 108 possessed by a distributed power source, if a user desires to connect an EV to a location where the distributed power source's adjustment power is available in response to voltage increases due to PV power generation, the location information can also be provided to the application server 801, and a system can be established in which each consumer 701 performs a specific action at the relevant location to obtain that information from each consumer 701, and the information can be transmitted to the application server 801, thereby providing a reward.

[0041] As a result, in addition to monetary incentives to be provided to consumers, non-monetary incentives can be provided as data within the application.

[0042] In addition, by providing information about the location of the distributed power source at a location where the distributed power source is desired to provide its adjustment power, each consumer can provide the adjustment power of a specified distributed power source at a specified location, and this information can be obtained from each consumer and transmitted to the application server, which can then provide a reward.

[0043] The adjustment capacity provision reward level calculation unit periodically calculates the correlation between the setting value for the voltage regulator and the output amount of the distributed power source, and if a setting value that shows a correlation is obtained, it calculates an incentive for the transmission and distribution company to provide to the owner of the distributed power source, providing useful information to the owner of the distributed power source.

[0044] If there is a correlation between the number of voltage regulators and the amount of suppression of distributed power sources, the transmission and distribution company can calculate an incentive corresponding to the unit price of the voltage regulator to be provided to the distributed power source owner, which will provide useful information to the distributed power source owner.

[0045] If an overvoltage or overload state occurs in the system, the distributed power source adjustment amount and the adjustment amount unit price at a specific time are presented to the market in advance, and if the presented distributed power source adjustment amount and adjustment amount unit price are commensurate at the specific time, the distributed power source owner or the aggregator that aggregates distributed power source owners settles the purchase price determined by the distributed power source adjustment amount and adjustment amount unit price, and the distributed power source owner or the aggregator that aggregates distributed power source owners controls the distributed power source output amount.

[0046] 101... Distributed power management system, 102... Adjustment capacity related action designation unit, 103... Consumer action DB, 104... Adjustment capacity related action learning unit, 105... Granted reward + result action DB, 106... Reward sensitivity generation unit, 107... Power transmission and distribution company, 108... Adjustment capacity information, 109... Adjustment capacity provision reward level calculation unit

Claims

1. A distributed power management system that manages distributed power sources arranged in a power distribution network, comprising: a processing unit that optimizes the amount and load of the distributed power sources; a setting value calculation unit that calculates the power flow in the power distribution network and calculates setting values ​​for a voltage regulator from the calculation results; and a transmission means that transmits voltage regulator operation constraints of the voltage regulator to a power distribution system operation unit.

2. A distributed power management system according to claim 1, wherein the processing unit is configured to optimize the amount of distributed power sources and the load amount, and calculate the power flow after optimization by the processing unit, and the distributed power management system further comprises a transmission means for transmitting the future amount of distributed power sources, the load amount, and the voltage regulator operation constraints to the power distribution system operation unit.

3. A distributed power management system according to claim 1, comprising: an adjustment capacity-related behavior designation unit corresponding to the adjustment capacity of the distributed power source; an adjustment capacity-related behavior learning unit that learns by linking consumer information with the adjustment capacity-related behavior designation unit; a reward sensitivity generation unit that generates a reward sensitivity of the consumer from a grant reward to be given to the consumer; and an adjustment capacity provision reward level calculation unit that determines an appropriate reward level for the consumer to provide adjustment capacity using the consumer's reward sensitivity obtained by the reward sensitivity generation unit, an adjustment capacity-related behavior learning model obtained by the adjustment capacity-related behavior learning unit, and adjustment capacity information on the amount of adjustment capacity, location, and time period of the distributed power source provided by the transmission and distribution company, and transmits the determined reward level to the transmission and distribution company.

4. A distributed power management system according to claim 3, wherein the remuneration sensitivity generated by the remuneration sensitivity generation unit is a relationship between the implementation rate and the granted remuneration.

5. A distributed power source management system as described in claim 3, characterized in that the adjustment capacity provision remuneration level calculation unit modifies the remuneration sensitivity of the consumer based on the adjustment capacity information of the distributed power source obtained from the transmission and distribution company and the adjustment capacity related information of the consumer, and uses this information to determine the remuneration to be offered to the consumer.

6. A distributed power management system as described in claim 3, characterized in that the adjustment capacity provision remuneration level calculation unit changes the degree of adjustment of price sensitivity or provides a non-monetary incentive through an application server as a remuneration to be provided to the consumer.

7. A distributed power supply management system as described in claim 6, characterized in that when a consumer provides the adjustment power of a specified distributed power source at a specified location, the consumer provides the adjustment power of the specified distributed power source at the specified location together with information about the location to an application server, and the information is obtained from the consumer, and the information is transmitted to the application server to provide a reward.

8. A distributed power supply management system as described in claim 3, characterized in that the adjustment capacity provision reward level calculation unit periodically calculates the correlation between the setting value for the voltage regulator and the output amount of the distributed power supply, and when a setting value that shows a correlation is obtained, calculates to provide an incentive from the transmission and distribution company to the owner of the distributed power supply.

9. A distributed power supply management system as described in claim 8, characterized in that, if there is a correlation between the number of voltage regulators and the amount of distributed power supply suppression, a calculation is made to provide an incentive corresponding to the unit price of the voltage regulator from the transmission and distribution company to the owner of the distributed power supply.

10. A distributed power management system as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that, in the event of an overvoltage or overload condition in the system, the distributed power adjustment amount and adjustment amount unit price at a specific time are presented to the market in advance, and if the presented distributed power adjustment amount and adjustment amount unit price are commensurate at said specific time, the distributed power source owner or an aggregator bundling distributed power source owners settles the purchase price determined by the distributed power adjustment amount and adjustment amount unit price, and the distributed power source owner or said aggregator bundling distributed power source owners controls the distributed power source output amount.

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