Thermal interface materials including antioxidant and methods of increasing deflection perfomance stability of thermal interface materials
Antioxidants in TIMs enhance mechanical stability and thermal conductivity by stabilizing deflection performance, addressing voids and EMI issues in electronic devices.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/096650
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-31
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-04
AI Technical Summary
Thermal interface materials (TIMs) face challenges in maintaining mechanical stability and deflection performance under high temperatures, leading to voids or deformation issues that affect thermal conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) in electronic devices.
Incorporating antioxidants, such as hindered phenols and thioethers, into the TIM matrix to enhance deflection performance stability, along with thermally-conductive fillers like alumina, to maintain mechanical properties and reduce EMI interference.
The inclusion of antioxidants in TIMs improves deflection performance stability, maintaining mechanical integrity and thermal conductivity over extended periods, while mitigating EMI interference.
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Figure CN2024096650_04122025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
THERMAL INTERFACE MATERIALS INCLUDING ANTIOXIDANT AND METHODS OF INCREASING DEFLECTION PERFOMANCE STABILITY OF THERMAL INTERFACE MATERIALSFIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to thermal interface materials including antioxidant and methods of increasing deflection performance stability of thermal interface materials.BACKGROUND
[0002] This section provides background information related to the present disclosure which is not necessarily prior art.
[0003] Electrical components, such as semiconductors, integrated circuit packages, transistors, etc., typically have pre-designed temperatures at which the electrical components optimally operate. Ideally, the pre-designed temperatures approximate the temperature of the surrounding air. But the operation of electrical components generates heat. If the heat is not removed, the electrical components may then operate at temperatures significantly higher than their normal or desirable operating temperature. Such excessive temperatures may adversely affect the operating characteristics of the electrical components and the operation of the associated device.
[0004] To avoid or at least reduce the adverse operating characteristics from the heat generation, the heat should be removed, for example, by conducting the heat from the operating electrical component to a heat sink. The heat sink may then be cooled by conventional convection and / or radiation techniques. During conduction, the heat may pass from the operating electrical component to the heat sink either by direct surface contact between the electrical component and heat sink and / or by contact of the electrical component and heat sink surfaces through an intermediate medium or thermal interface material (TIM) . The thermal interface material may be used to fill the gap between thermal transfer surfaces, in order to increase thermal transfer efficiency as compared to having the gap filled with air, which is a relatively poor thermal conductor.
[0005] In addition, a common problem in the operation of electronic devices is the generation of electromagnetic radiation within the electronic circuitry of the equipment. Such radiation may result in electromagnetic interference (EMI) or radio frequency interference (RFI) , which can interfere with the operation of other electronic devices within a certain proximity. Without adequate shielding, EMI / RFI interference may cause degradation or complete loss of important signals, thereby rendering the electronic equipment inefficient or inoperable.
[0006] The term “EMI” as used herein should be considered to generally include and refer to EMI emissions and RFI emissions, and the term “electromagnetic” should be considered to generally include and refer to electromagnetic and radio frequency from external sources and internal sources. Accordingly, the term shielding (as used herein) broadly includes and refers to mitigating (or limiting) EMI and / or RFI, such as by absorbing, reflecting, blocking, and / or redirecting the energy or some combination thereof so that it no longer interferes, for example, for government compliance and / or for internal functionality of the electronic component system.
[0007] DRAWINGS
[0008] The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only of selected embodiments and not all possible implementations, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
[0009] FIG. 1 is a line graph of deflection percentage versus pressure in pounds per square inch (PSI) at 125 degrees Celsius for an exemplary embodiment of a 40-mil thick thermal interface material including at least about 0.2 weight percent of antioxidant and about 75 weight percent to 90 weight percent of thermally-conductive filler at 0 hours, 144 hours, 432 hours, 648 hours, 864 hours, 1056 hours, 1248 hours, and 1440 hours.
[0010] FIG. 2 is a line graph of deflection percentage versus pressure in pounds per square inch (PSI) at 125 degrees Celsius for an exemplary embodiment of a 40-mil thick thermal interface material including at least about 0.2 weight percent of antioxidant and about 94 weight percent to 98 weight percent of thermally-conductive filler at 0 hours, 144 hours, 432 hours, 648 hours, 864 hours, 1056 hours, 1248 hours, and 1440 hours.
[0011] FIG. 3 is a line graph of deflection percentage versus pressure in pounds per square inch (PSI) at 125 degrees Celsius for a conventional thermal interface material with less than 0.2 weight percent of antioxidant and about 95 weight percent to 98 weight percent of thermally-conductive filler at 0 hours (initial) , 8 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours.
[0012] FIG. 4 is a line graph of deflection percentage versus pressure in pounds per square inch (PSI) at 85%relative humidity and 85 degrees Celsius for an exemplary embodiment of a 40-mil thick thermal interface material including at least about 0.2 weight percent of antioxidant and about 94 weight percent to 98 weight percent of thermally-conductive filler at 0 hours, 192 hours, 384 hours, 576 hours, and 768 hours.
[0013] FIG. 5 is a line graph of deflection percentage versus pressure in pounds per square inch (PSI) at 85%relative humidity and 85 degrees Celsius for an exemplary embodiment of a 40-mil thick thermal interface material including at least about 0.2 weight percent of antioxidant and about 75 weight percent to 90 weight percent of thermally-conductive filler at 0 hours, 192 hours, 384 hours, 576 hours, and 768 hours.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0015] Silicone-free thermally-conductive pads are widely used as thermal interface materials because they do not contain D3-D20 silicone. But as recognized herein, it is important for thermal interface materials to have high deflection and the ability to retain mechanical properties. Accordingly, disclosed herein are thermal interface materials (e.g., thermally-conductive pads, etc. ) that are configured to have mechanical properties (e.g., deflection, etc. ) that remain stable during baking, e.g., even while directly exposed to high temperatures, etc.
[0016] In exemplary embodiments, a thermal interface material (e.g., thermally-conductive pad, etc. ) disclosed herein may advantageously be used along an interface between a heat sink (broadly, a heat removal / dissipation structure) and an integrated circuit (IC) (broadly, a heat source) where it is important for the thermal interface material to have stable mechanical properties. This is because if the thermal interface material’s mechanical properties change such that the thermal interface material becomes too hard, voids or gaps may be present between the thermal interface material and the heat sink and / or between the thermal interface material and the integrated circuit. Conversely, if the thermal interface material’s mechanical properties change such that the thermal interface material becomes too soft, the thermal interface material may deform significantly and not meet the gap between the heat sink and the integrated circuit, which may then lead to device thermal runaway.
[0017] After recognizing the above, exemplary embodiments were developed and / or are disclosed herein of thermal interface materials including antioxidant and methods of increasing deflection performance stability of thermal interface materials. In exemplary embodiments, a thermal interface material comprises a matrix, thermally-conductive filler in the matrix, and antioxidant in the matrix. The thermal interface material includes an amount of the antioxidant such that deflection performance stability of the thermal interface material is increased or improved; and / or the antioxidant comprises hindered phenols and thioethers.
[0018] FIG. 1 is a line graph of deflection percentage versus pressure in pounds per square inch (PSI) at 125 degrees Celsius for an exemplary embodiment of a 40-mil thick thermal interface material including at least about 0.2 weight percent of antioxidant and about 75 weight percent to 90 weight percent of thermally-conductive filler at 0 hours, 144 hours, 432 hours, 648 hours, 864 hours, 1056 hours, 1248 hours, and 1440 hours. In this example, the thermal interface material also included about 5 weight percent to about 15 weight percent of silicon dioxide (SiO2) in the matrix.
[0019] FIG. 2 is a line graph of deflection percentage versus pressure in pounds per square inch (PSI) at 125 degrees Celsius for an exemplary embodiment of a 40-mil thick thermal interface material including at least about 0.2 weight percent of antioxidant and about 94 weight percent to 98 weight percent of thermally-conductive filler at 0 hours, 144 hours, 432 hours, 648 hours, 864 hours, 1056 hours, 1248 hours, and 1440 hours.
[0020] FIG. 3 is a line graph of deflection percentage versus pressure in pounds per square inch (PSI) at 125 degrees Celsius for a conventional thermal interface material with less than 0.2 weight percent of antioxidant and about 95 weight percent to 98 weight percent of thermally-conductive filler at 0 hours (initial) , 8 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours.
[0021] As shown by FIG. 3, the conventional thermal interface material (FIG. 3) has only about ~0%deflection after 24 hours at 125 degrees Celsius. By comparison, the thermal interface materials with at least about 0.2 weight percent of antioxidant (FIGS. 1 and 2) performed significantly better and retained about 75%initial deflection after 1400 hours at 125 degrees Celsius.
[0022] FIG. 4 is a line graph of deflection percentage versus pressure in pounds per square inch (PSI) at 85%relative humidity and 85 degrees Celsius for an exemplary embodiment of a 40-mil thick thermal interface material including at least about 0.2 weight percent of antioxidant and about 94 weight percent to 98 weight percent of thermally-conductive filler at 0 hours, 192 hours, 384 hours, 576 hours, and 768 hours. Although the test data stops at 768 hours in FIG. 4, it is expected that the thermal interface material will retain similar deflection performance for many more hours, e.g., 1400 hours, etc.
[0023] FIG. 5 is a line graph of deflection percentage versus pressure in pounds per square inch (PSI) at 85%relative humidity and 85 degrees Celsius for an exemplary embodiment of a 40-mil thick thermal interface material including at least about 0.2 weight percent of antioxidant and about 75 weight percent to 90 weight percent of thermally-conductive filler at 0 hours, 192 hours, 384 hours, 576 hours, and 768 hours. Although the test data stops at 768 hours in FIG. 5, it is expected that the thermal interface material will retain similar deflection performance for many more hours, e.g., 1400 hours, etc.
[0024] In exemplary embodiments, a thermal interface material comprises a matrix, thermally-conductive filler in the matrix, and antioxidant in the matrix. The thermal interface material includes an amount of the antioxidant such that deflection performance stability of the thermal interface material is increased or improved; and / or the antioxidant comprises hindered phenols and thioethers.
[0025] In exemplary embodiments, the thermal interface material includes at least about 0.2 weight percent of the antioxidant such that deflection performance stability of the thermal interface material is increased or improved as compared to the same thermal interface material without the at least about 0.2 weight percent of the antioxidant.
[0026] In exemplary embodiments, the thermal interface material includes an amount of the antioxidant such that mechanical properties of the thermal interface material are maintained and / or remain stable when the thermal interface material is exposed to high temperature including temperatures within a range from about 125 degrees Celsius to about 150 degrees Celsius.
[0027] In exemplary embodiments, the thermal interface material includes an amount of the antioxidant sufficient to enhance initial deflection performance, deflection performance stability, and / or deflection performance reliability of the thermal interface material when exposed to high temperature including temperatures within a range from about 125 degrees Celsius to about 150 degrees Celsius.
[0028] In exemplary embodiments, the thermal interface material includes an amount of the antioxidant sufficient to enhance initial deflection performance, deflection performance stability, and / or deflection performance reliability of the thermal interface material when exposed to high temperature baking including temperatures within a range from about 125 degrees Celsius to about 150 degrees Celsius as compared to the same thermal interface material not containing the antioxidant.
[0029] In exemplary embodiments, the thermal interface material includes an amount of the antioxidant such that the thermal interface material is able to maintain at least about 75%initial deflection after 1400 hours of exposure to a temperature of about 125 degrees Celsius.
[0030] In exemplary embodiments, the thermal interface material includes an amount of the antioxidant sufficient for providing protection against resin molecular chain decomposition of the matrix.
[0031] In exemplary embodiments, the thermal interface material includes an amount of the antioxidant sufficient to increase deflection performance stability including at a temperature of 85 degrees Celsius and 85 percent relative humidity.
[0032] In exemplary embodiments, the thermal interface material includes at least about 0.2 weight percent to about 1.5 weight percent of the antioxidant.
[0033] In exemplary embodiments, the thermal interface material further comprises silica filler in the matrix. The silica filler may comprise silicon dioxide (SiO2) , e.g., to fill in space to lower material costs, etc. The thermal interface material may include about 5 weight percent to about 15 weight percent of the silica filler in the matrix.
[0034] In exemplary embodiments, the thermally-conductive filler comprises alumina.
[0035] In exemplary embodiments, the thermal interface material is a silicone free thermal gap filler.
[0036] In exemplary embodiments, the thermal interface material has a thermal conductivity of at least about 4 Watts per meter per Kelvin (W / mK) at a filler loading of at least about 75 weight percent. For example, the thermal interface material may include about 94 weight percent to about 98 weight percent of the thermally-conductive filler such that the thermal interface material has a thermal conductivity of at least about 7.9 Watts per meter per Kelvin (W / mK) . Or, for example, the thermal interface material may include about 75 weight percent to about 90 weight percent of the thermally-conductive filler such that the thermal interface material has a thermal conductivity of at least about 4.4 Watts per meter per Kelvin (W / mK) .
[0037] In exemplary embodiments, the thermal interface material includes at least about 0.2 weight percent to about 1.5 weight percent of the antioxidant and at least about 94 weight percent to about 98 weight percent of the thermally-conductive filler.
[0038] In exemplary embodiments, the thermal interface material includes about 0.2 weight percent to about 1.5 weight percent of the antioxidant and about 75 weight percent to about 90 weight percent of the thermally-conductive filler. The thermal interface material may also include about 5 weight percent to about 15 weight percent of silica filler (e.g., silicon dioxide (SiO2) , etc. ) in the matrix.
[0039] In exemplary embodiments, the thermal interface material comprises a thermally-conductive pad, a thermally-conductive gap filler, a phase change thermal interface material, a dispensable material, a bulk putty, a thermal grease, and / or a sheet of thermal interface material. For example, the thermal interface material may comprise a thermally-conductive pad having a shape that is rectangular, triangular, circular, ovular, polygonal, etc. The thermal interface material may comprise a sheet having a shape that is rectangular, triangular, circular, ovular, polygonal, etc. The thermal interface material may comprises a die cut part having a shape that is rectangular, triangular, circular, ovular, polygonal, etc.
[0040] In exemplary embodiments, the thermal interface material is silicone free and / or has less than 2 parts per million silicone. For example, the thermal interface material may have a sufficiently low silicone content such that silicone is not detectable in the thermal interface material by a spectrometer.
[0041] In exemplary embodiments, the thermal interface material has a Shore 00 hardness at 3 seconds within a range from about 20 to about 40 according to ASTM D2240.
[0042] In exemplary embodiments, the thermal interface material has a defection at 1 mm thickness according to ASTM D2240 of at least 40%at 30 pounds per square inch (PSI) . For example, the thermal interface material may have a defection at 1 mm thickness according to ASTM D2240 within a range from about 44%to about 46%at 30 pounds per square inch (PSI) .
[0043] In exemplary embodiments, the thermal interface material includes about 75 weight percent to about 98 weight percent of the thermally-conductive filler such that the thermal interface material has a thermal conductivity within a range from about 4 Watts per meter per Kelvin (W / mK) to about 15 W / mK.
[0044] In exemplary embodiments, the thermally-conductive filler comprises one or more of alumina, zinc oxide, boron nitride, silicon nitride, aluminum, aluminum nitride, iron, metallic oxides, graphite, and ceramic.
[0045] In exemplary embodiments, the thermal interface material includes EMI absorbing filler in the matrix such that the thermal interface material comprises a multifunctional EMI absorber having a first functionality of EMI mitigation and a second functionality of thermal management, or vice versa. By way of example, the fillers may comprise one or more of functional nanoparticles, electrically-conductive fillers, thermally-conductive fillers, EMI or microwave absorbing fillers, magnetic fillers, coated fillers, combinations thereof, etc. The fillers may be added and mixed into a bulk material including the matrix material to thereby provide a mixture of the filler and base or matrix material. Example fillers include carbon black, boron nitride, nickel cobalt, carbonyl iron, iron silicide, iron particles, iron-chrome compounds, silver, an alloy containing 85%iron, 9.5%silicon and 5.5%aluminum, an alloy containing about 20%iron and 80%nickel, ferrites, magnetic alloys, magnetic powders, magnetic flakes, magnetic particles, nickel-based alloys and powders, chrome alloys, oxide, copper, zinc oxide, alumina, graphite, ceramics, silicon carbide, manganese zinc, fiberglass, carbon nanotubes (e.g., single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and / or carbon nanostructures, etc. ) , combinations thereof, etc. The fillers may comprise one or more of granules, spheroids, microspheres, ellipsoids, irregular spheroids, strands, flakes, powder, nanotubes, and / or a combination of any or all of these shapes. In addition, exemplary embodiments may also include different grades (e.g., different sizes, different purities, different shapes, etc. ) of the same (or different) fillers.
[0046] In exemplary embodiments, the thermally-conductive filler comprises alumina. The antioxidant comprises hindered phenols and thioethers. The thermal interface material includes at least about 0.2 weight percent to about 1.5 weight percent of the antioxidant comprising the hindered phenols and thioethers. The thermal interface material also includes about 94 weight percent to about 98 weight percent of the thermally-conductive filler comprising the alumina such that the thermal interface material has a thermal conductivity of at least about 7.9 Watts per meter per Kelvin (W / mK) . In such exemplary embodiments, the thermal interface material may have a Shore 00 hardness at 3 seconds within a range from about 20 to about 40 according to ASTM D2240, and the thermal interface material may have a defection at 1 mm thickness according to ASTM D2240 of at least 40% (e.g., about 46%, etc. ) at 30 pounds per square inch (PSI) .
[0047] In exemplary embodiments, the thermally-conductive filler comprises alumina. The antioxidant comprises hindered phenols and thioethers. The thermal interface material includes about 0.2 weight percent to about 1.5 weight percent of the antioxidant comprising the hindered phenols and thioethers. The thermal interface material also includes about 75 weight percent to about 90 weight percent of the thermally-conductive filler comprising the alumina such that the thermal interface material has a thermal conductivity of at least about 4.4 Watts per meter per Kelvin (W / mK) . The thermal interface material may further include about 5 weight percent to about 15 weight percent of silica filler (e.g., silicon dioxide (SiO2) , etc. ) in the matrix. In such exemplary embodiments, the thermal interface material may have a Shore 00 hardness at 3 seconds within a range from about 20 to about 40 according to ASTM D2240, and the thermal interface material may have a defection at 1 mm thickness according to ASTM D2240 of at least 40% (e.g., about 44%, etc. ) at 30 pounds per square inch (PSI) .
[0048] In exemplary embodiments, a device or system comprises a thermal interface material as disclosed herein that is used for managing thermal properties of the device or system.
[0049] Also disclosed are exemplary methods of increasing deflection performance stability of a thermal interface material. In exemplary embodiments, the method comprises adding antioxidant to a matrix of the thermal interface material that comprises the matrix, thermally-conductive filler in the matrix, and the antioxidant in the matrix. In such exemplary embodiments, the method may include adding antioxidant to the matrix in an amount sufficient to increase deflection performance stability of the thermal interface material; and / or adding antioxidant that comprises hindered phenols and thioethers to the matrix.
[0050] In exemplary embodiments, the method includes predetermining the amount of the antioxidant that is sufficient to increase deflection performance stability of the thermal interface material. The method also includes adding the predetermined amount of the antioxidant to the matrix.
[0051] In exemplary embodiments, the method includes adding the antioxidant to the matrix such that the thermal interface material includes at least about 0.2 weight percent of the antioxidant such that deflection performance stability of the thermal interface material is increased or improved as compared to the same thermal interface material without the at least about 0.2 weight percent of the antioxidant.
[0052] In exemplary embodiments, the method includes adding the antioxidant to the matrix such that the thermal interface material includes about 0.2 weight percent to about 1.5 weight percent of the antioxidant.
[0053] In exemplary embodiments, the method includes adding the thermally-conductive filler to the matrix such that the thermal interface material includes about 94 weight percent to about 98 weight percent of the thermally-conductive filler.
[0054] In exemplary embodiments, the method includes adding the thermally-conductive filler to the matrix such that the thermal interface material includes about 75 weight percent to about 90 weight percent of the thermally-conductive filler. The method may also include adding silica filler (e.g., silicon dioxide (SiO2) , etc. ) to the matrix such that that the thermal interface material includes about 5 weight percent to about 15 weight percent of the silica filler in the matrix.
[0055] In exemplary embodiments, the method includes adding the thermally-conductive filler to the matrix before or after adding the antioxidant to the matrix.
[0056] In exemplary embodiments, the thermal interface material comprises a thermally-conductive pad, a thermally-conductive gap filler, a phase change thermal interface material, a dispensable material, a bulk putty, a thermal grease, and / or a sheet of thermal interface material.
[0057] In exemplary embodiments, the thermal interface material is silicone free and / or has less than 2 parts per million silicone. For example, the thermal interface material may have a sufficiently low silicone content such that silicone is not detectable in the thermal interface material by a spectrometer.
[0058] In exemplary embodiments, the thermally-conductive filler comprises one or more of alumina, zinc oxide, boron nitride, silicon nitride, aluminum, aluminum nitride, iron, metallic oxides, graphite, and ceramic.
[0059] In exemplary embodiments, the method includes adding EMI absorbing filler to the matrix such that the thermal interface material comprises a multifunctional EMI absorber having a first functionality of EMI mitigation and a second functionality of thermal management, or vice versa. By way of example, the fillers may comprise one or more of functional nanoparticles, electrically-conductive fillers, thermally-conductive fillers, EMI or microwave absorbing fillers, magnetic fillers, coated fillers, combinations thereof, etc. The fillers may be added and mixed into a bulk material including the matrix material to thereby provide a mixture of the filler and base or matrix material. Example fillers include carbon black, boron nitride, nickel cobalt, carbonyl iron, iron silicide, iron particles, iron-chrome compounds, silver, an alloy containing 85%iron, 9.5%silicon and 5.5%aluminum, an alloy containing about 20%iron and 80%nickel, ferrites, magnetic alloys, magnetic powders, magnetic flakes, magnetic particles, nickel-based alloys and powders, chrome alloys, oxide, copper, zinc oxide, alumina, graphite, ceramics, silicon carbide, manganese zinc, fiberglass, carbon nanotubes (e.g., single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and / or carbon nanostructures, etc. ) , combinations thereof, etc. The fillers may comprise one or more of granules, spheroids, microspheres, ellipsoids, irregular spheroids, strands, flakes, powder, nanotubes, and / or a combination of any or all of these shapes. In addition, exemplary embodiments may also include different grades (e.g., different sizes, different purities, different shapes, etc. ) of the same (or different) fillers.
[0060] In addition, exemplary embodiments disclosed herein may be used in a wide range of industries (e.g., automotive, consumer, industrial, datacom / telecom, aerospace / defense, etc. ) and wide range of applications (e.g., automotive electronics, automotive advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) , automotive power train / electronic control units (ECUs) , automotive infotainment, routers, hard disk drives, solid state drives, wireless infrastructure, drones / satellites, gaming systems, smart home devices, notebooks / tablets / portable devices, etc. ) .
[0061] In exemplary embodiments, a thermal interface material comprises a silicone free thermal gap filler having excellent deflection properties which provides minimal pressure on components. Very little pressure is required to reach the lowest possible thermal resistance. In exemplary embodiments, the thermal interface material may be configured to have one or more of the following: a silicone free formulation, low shore hardness, low pressure versus deflection, low peak and residual pressure, exceptionally low thermal resistance, excellent surface wetting for low contact resistance, minimize board and component stress, no fiberglass reinforcement, and / or environmentally friendly solution that meets regulatory requirements including RoHS and REACH, etc.
[0062] In an exemplary embodiments, an electronic device includes a heat source and a thermal interface material (e.g., thermally-conductive pad, a thermally-conductive gap filler, a phase change thermal interface material, a dispensable material, a bulk putty, a thermal grease, and / or a sheet of thermal interface material, etc. ) . The thermal interface material is positioned relative to the heat source for establishing at least a portion of a thermally-conductive heat path from the heat source through the composite. The thermal interface material may also be configured to be EMI absorbing and / or electrically conductive, such that the composite is also operable for mitigating and / or managing EMI within the electronic device.
[0063] In an exemplary embodiment, an electronic device includes a heat source, a heat removal / dissipation structure, and a thermal interface material (e.g., thermally-conductive pad, a thermally-conductive gap filler, a phase change thermal interface material, a dispensable material, a bulk putty, a thermal grease, and / or a sheet of thermal interface material, etc. ) . The thermal interface material is positioned relative to the heat source and the heat removal / dissipation structure for establishing at least a portion of a thermally-conductive heat path between the heat source and the heat removal / dissipation structure. The thermal interface material may also be configured to be EMI absorbing and / or electrically conductive, such that the composite is also operable for mitigating and / or managing EMI within the electronic device.
[0064] In an exemplary embodiment, an electronic device includes a heat source, a board level shield, and a thermal interface material (e.g., thermally-conductive pad, a thermally-conductive gap filler, a phase change thermal interface material, a dispensable material, a bulk putty, a thermal grease, and / or a sheet of thermal interface material, etc. ) . The thermal interface material is positioned relative to the heat source and the board level shield for establishing at least a portion of a thermally-conductive heat path between the heat source and the board level shield. The thermal interface material may also be configured to be EMI absorbing and / or electrically conductive, such that the composite is also operable for mitigating and / or managing EMI within the electronic device.
[0065] In an exemplary embodiment, an electronic device includes a heat source, a board level shield, a heat removal / dissipation structure, and first and second thermal interface materials (e.g., thermally-conductive pad, a thermally-conductive gap filler, a phase change thermal interface material, a dispensable material, a bulk putty, a thermal grease, and / or a sheet of thermal interface material, etc. ) . The first thermal interface material is positioned relative to the heat source and the board level shield for establishing at least a portion of a first thermally-conductive heat path between the heat source and the board level shield. The second thermal interface material is positioned relative to the board level shield and the heat removal / dissipation structure for establishing at least a portion of a second thermally-conductive heat path between the board level shield and the heat removal / dissipation structure. The first and / or second thermal interface materials may also be configured to be EMI absorbing and / or electrically conductive, such that the first and / or second composites are also operable for mitigating and / or managing EMI within the electronic device.
[0066] In an exemplary embodiment, an electronic device includes an integrated circuit, a board level shield, a heat sink, and first and second thermal interface materials (e.g., thermally-conductive pad, a thermally-conductive gap filler, a phase change thermal interface material, a dispensable material, a bulk putty, a thermal grease, and / or a sheet of thermal interface material, etc. ) . The first thermal interface material is positioned relative to the integrated circuit and the board level shield for establishing at least a portion of a first thermally-conductive heat path between the integrated circuit and the board level shield. The second thermal interface material is positioned relative to the board level shield and the heat sink for establishing at least a portion of a second thermally-conductive heat path between the board level shield and the heat sink. The first and / or second thermal interface materials may also be configured to be EMI absorbing and / or electrically conductive, such that the first and / or second composites are also operable for mitigating and / or managing EMI within the electronic device.
[0067] Example embodiments disclosed herein may be used for a wide range of heat sources, electronic devices, and / or heat removal / dissipation structures or components (e.g., a heat spreader, a heat sink, a heat pipe, a vapor chamber, a device exterior case, housing, or chassis, etc. ) . For example, a heat source may comprise one or more heat generating components or devices, such as a high-power integrated circuit (IC) , optical transceiver, 5G infrastructure devices (e.g., base stations, small cells, smart poles, etc. ) , solid-state drive (SSD) , memory in video cards, set top boxes, televisions, gaming systems, automotive electronics used for autonomous driving (ADAS) (e.g., radars, multi domain controllers, cameras, etc. ) , a CPU, die within underfill, semiconductor device, flip chip device, graphics processing unit (GPU) , digital signal processor (DSP) , multiprocessor system, integrated circuit (IC) , multi-core processor, etc. ) . Generally, a heat source may comprise any component or device that has a higher temperature than the thermal management and / or EMI mitigation material or otherwise provides or transfers heat to the thermal management and / or EMI mitigation material regardless of whether the heat is generated by the heat source or merely transferred through or via the heat source. Accordingly, aspects of the present disclosure should not be limited to use with any single type of heat source, electronic device, heat removal / dissipation structure, etc.
[0068] Example embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and will fully convey the scope to those who are skilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth such as examples of specific components, devices, and methods, to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that specific details need not be employed, that example embodiments may be embodied in many different forms, and that neither should be construed to limit the scope of the disclosure. In some example embodiments, well-known processes, well-known device structures, and well-known technologies are not described in detail. In addition, advantages and improvements that may be achieved with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are provided for purpose of illustration only and do not limit the scope of the present disclosure, as exemplary embodiments disclosed herein may provide all or none of the above mentioned advantages and improvements and still fall within the scope of the present disclosure.
[0069] Specific dimensions, specific materials, and / or specific shapes disclosed herein are example in nature and do not limit the scope of the present disclosure. The disclosure herein of particular values and particular ranges of values for given parameters are not exclusive of other values and ranges of values that may be useful in one or more of the examples disclosed herein. Moreover, it is envisioned that any two particular values for a specific parameter stated herein may define the endpoints of a range of values that may be suitable for the given parameter (i.e., the disclosure of a first value and a second value for a given parameter can be interpreted as disclosing that any value between the first and second values could also be employed for the given parameter) . For example, if Parameter X is exemplified herein to have value A and also exemplified to have value Z, it is envisioned that parameter X may have a range of values from about A to about Z. Similarly, it is envisioned that disclosure of two or more ranges of values for a parameter (whether such ranges are nested, overlapping or distinct) subsume all possible combination of ranges for the value that might be claimed using endpoints of the disclosed ranges. For example, if parameter X is exemplified herein to have values in the range of 1 –10, or 2 –9, or 3 –8, it is also envisioned that Parameter X may have other ranges of values including 1 –9, 1 –8, 1 –3, 1 -2, 2 –10, 2 –8, 2 –3, 3 –10, and 3 –9.
[0070] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. For example, when permissive phrases, such as “may comprise” , “may include” , and the like, are used herein, at least one embodiment comprises or includes the feature (s) . As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms “comprises, ” “comprising, ” “including, ” and “having, ” are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order discussed or illustrated, unless specifically identified as an order of performance. It is also to be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed.
[0071] When an element or layer is referred to as being “on” , “engaged to” , “connected to” or “coupled to” another element or layer, it may be directly on, engaged, connected or coupled to the other element or layer, or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on, ” “directly engaged to” , “directly connected to” or “directly coupled to” another element or layer, there may be no intervening elements or layers present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like fashion (e.g., “between” versus “directly between, ” “adjacent” versus “directly adjacent, ” etc. ) . As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
[0072] The term “about” when applied to values indicates that the calculation or the measurement allows some slight imprecision in the value (with some approach to exactness in the value; approximately or reasonably close to the value; nearly) . If, for some reason, the imprecision provided by “about” is not otherwise understood in the art with this ordinary meaning, then “about” as used herein indicates at least variations that may arise from ordinary methods of measuring or using such parameters. For example, the terms “generally” , “about” , and “substantially” may be used herein to mean within manufacturing tolerances. Or for example, the term “about” as used herein when modifying a quantity of an ingredient or reactant of the invention or employed refers to variation in the numerical quantity that can happen through typical measuring and handling procedures used, for example, when making concentrates or solutions in the real world through inadvertent error in these procedures; through differences in the manufacture, source, or purity of the ingredients employed to make the compositions or carry out the methods; and the like. The term “about” also encompasses amounts that differ due to different equilibrium conditions for a composition resulting from a particular initial mixture. Whether or not modified by the term “about” , equivalents to the quantities are included.
[0073] Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as “first, ” “second, ” and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments.
[0074] Spatially relative terms, such as “inner, ” “outer, ” “beneath” , “below” , “lower” , “above” , “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature’s relationship to another element (s) or feature (s) as illustrated in the figures. Spatially relative terms may be intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the example term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
[0075] The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure. Individual elements, intended or stated uses, or features of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment, but, where applicable, are interchangeable and can be used in a selected embodiment, even if not specifically shown or described. The same may also be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the disclosure, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.
Claims
1.A thermal interface material comprising a matrix, thermally-conductive filler in the matrix, and antioxidant in the matrix, wherein:the thermal interface material includes an amount of the antioxidant such that deflection performance stability of the thermal interface material is increased or improved; and / orthe antioxidant comprises hindered phenols and thioethers.2.The thermal interface material of claim 1, wherein the thermal interface material includes at least about 0.2 weight percent of the antioxidant such that deflection performance stability of the thermal interface material is increased or improved as compared to the same thermal interface material without the at least about 0.2 weight percent of the antioxidant.3.The thermal interface material of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermal interface material includes an amount of the antioxidant such that mechanical properties of the thermal interface material are maintained and / or remain stable when the thermal interface material is exposed to high temperature including temperatures within a range from about 125 degrees Celsius to about 150 degrees Celsius.4.The thermal interface material of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermal interface material includes an amount of the antioxidant sufficient to enhance initial deflection performance, deflection performance stability, and / or deflection performance reliability of the thermal interface material when exposed to high temperature including temperatures within a range from about 125 degrees Celsius to about 150 degrees Celsius.5.The thermal interface material of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermal interface material includes an amount of the antioxidant such that the thermal interface material is able to maintain at least about 75%initial deflection after 1400 hours of exposure to a temperature of about 125 degrees Celsius.6.The thermal interface material of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermal interface material includes an amount of the antioxidant sufficient for providing protection against resin molecular chain decomposition of the matrix.7.The thermal interface material of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermal interface material includes an amount of the antioxidant sufficient to increase deflection performance stability including at a temperature of 85 degrees Celsius and 85 percent relative humidity.8.The thermal interface material of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermal interface material includes at least about 0.2 weight percent to about 1.5 weight percent of the antioxidant.9.The thermal interface material of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermally-conductive filler comprises alumina.10.The thermal interface material of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermal interface material is a silicone free thermal gap filler.11.The thermal interface material of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermal interface material has a thermal conductivity of at least about 4 Watts per meter per Kelvin (W / mK) at a filler loading of at least about 75 weight percent.12.The thermal interface material of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermal interface material includes:at least about 0.2 weight percent to about 1.5 weight percent of the antioxidant; andat least about 94 weight percent to about 98 weight percent of the thermally-conductive filler.13.The thermal interface material of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the thermal interface material includes:about 0.2 weight percent to about 1.5 weight percent of the antioxidant; andabout 75 weight percent to about 90 weight percent of the thermally-conductive filler.14.The thermal interface material of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermal interface material comprises a thermally-conductive pad, a thermally-conductive gap filler, a phase change thermal interface material, a dispensable material, a bulk putty, a thermal grease, and / or a sheet of thermal interface material.15.The thermal interface material of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermal interface material is silicone free and / or has less than 2 parts per million silicone.16.The thermal interface material of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermal interface material has a Shore 00 hardness at 3 seconds within a range from about 20 to about 40 according to ASTM D2240.17.The thermal interface material of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermal interface material has a defection at 1 mm thickness according to ASTM D2240 of at least 40%at 30 pounds per square inch (PSI) .18.The thermal interface material of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermal interface material includes about 75 weight percent to about 98 weight percent of the thermally-conductive filler such that the thermal interface material has a thermal conductivity within a range from about 4 Watts per meter per Kelvin (W / mK) to about 15 W / mK.19.The thermal interface material of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermally-conductive filler comprises one or more of alumina, zinc oxide, boron nitride, silicon nitride, aluminum, aluminum nitride, iron, metallic oxides, graphite, and ceramic.20.The thermal interface material of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising EMI absorbing filler in the matrix such that the thermal interface material comprises a multifunctional EMI absorber having a first functionality of EMI mitigation and a second functionality of thermal management, or vice versa.21.The thermal interface material of claim 1, wherein:the thermally-conductive filler comprises alumina;the antioxidant comprises hindered phenols and thioethers; andthe thermal interface material includes:at least about 0.2 weight percent to about 1.5 weight percent of the antioxidant comprising the hindered phenols and thioethers; andabout 94 weight percent to about 98 weight percent of the thermally-conductive filler comprising the alumina such that the thermal interface material has a thermal conductivity of at least about 7.9 Watts per meter per Kelvin (W / mK) .22.The thermal interface material of claim 1, wherein:the thermally-conductive filler comprises alumina;the antioxidant comprises hindered phenols and thioethers; andthe thermal interface material includes:about 0.2 weight percent to about 1.5 weight percent of the antioxidant comprising the hindered phenols and thioethers; andabout 75 weight percent to about 90 weight percent of the thermally-conductive filler comprising the alumina such that the thermal interface material has a thermal conductivity of at least about 4.4 Watts per meter per Kelvin (W / mK) .23.A device or system comprising the thermal interface material of any one of the preceding claims used for managing thermal properties of the device or system.24.A method of increasing deflection performance stability of a thermal interface material, the method comprising adding antioxidant to a matrix of the thermal interface material that comprises the matrix, thermally-conductive filler in the matrix, and the antioxidant in the matrix, wherein adding antioxidant to the matrix of the thermal interface material comprises:adding antioxidant to the matrix in an amount sufficient to increase deflection performance stability of the thermal interface material; and / oradding antioxidant that comprises hindered phenols and thioethers to the matrix.25.The method of claim 24, wherein the method includes:predetermining the amount of the antioxidant that is sufficient to increase deflection performance stability of the thermal interface material; andadding the predetermined amount of the antioxidant to the matrix.26.The method of claim 24 or 25, wherein the method includes adding the antioxidant to the matrix such that the thermal interface material includes at least about 0.2 weight percent of the antioxidant such that deflection performance stability of the thermal interface material is increased or improved as compared to the same thermal interface material without the at least about 0.2 weight percent of the antioxidant.27.The method of any one of claims 24 to 26, wherein the method includes adding the antioxidant to the matrix such that the thermal interface material includes at least about 0.2 weight percent to about 1.5 weight percent of the antioxidant.28.The method of any one of claims 24 to 27, wherein the method includes adding the thermally-conductive filler to the matrix such that the thermal interface material includes about 94 weight percent to about 98 weight percent of the thermally-conductive filler.29.The method of any one of claims 24 to 27, wherein the method includes adding the thermally-conductive filler to the matrix such that the thermal interface material includes about 75 weight percent to about 90 weight percent of the thermally-conductive filler.30.The method of any one of claims 24 to 29, wherein the method includes adding the thermally-conductive filler to the matrix before or after adding the antioxidant to the matrix.31.The method of any one of claims 24 to 30, wherein the thermal interface material comprises a thermally-conductive pad, a thermally-conductive gap filler, a phase change thermal interface material, a dispensable material, a bulk putty, a thermal grease, and / or a sheet of thermal interface material.32.The method of any one of claims 24 to 31, wherein the thermal interface material is silicone free and / or has less than 2 parts per million silicone.33.The method of any one of claims 24 to 32, wherein the thermally-conductive filler comprises one or more of alumina, zinc oxide, boron nitride, silicon nitride, aluminum, aluminum nitride, iron, metallic oxides, graphite, and ceramic.34.The method of any one of claims 24 to 33, wherein the method includes adding EMI absorbing filler to the matrix such that the thermal interface material comprises a multifunctional EMI absorber having a first functionality of EMI mitigation and a second functionality of thermal management, or vice versa.
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