Antenna unit and electronic device

Abstract

The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of communications. Provided are an antenna unit and an electronic device. The antenna unit of the present disclosure comprises: a radiation layer and at least one balun assembly, wherein the radiation layer comprises at least one pair of radiation patches, one pair of the radiation patches being fed by one balun assembly; the two radiation patches in one pair of the radiation patches are arranged side by side in the polarization direction of the radiation patches; and each radiation patch comprises at least one pair of slits running through the radiation patch in the direction of the thickness thereof, and the two slits in one pair of the slits are symmetrically arranged in the polarization direction of the radiation patch.

Description

Antenna units and electronic devices Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of communication technology, specifically relating to an antenna unit and an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of mobile communication technology and the increasing complexity of today's communication environment, base station antennas are required to not only meet communication capacity requirements but also combat multipath fading. Therefore, dual-polarized antennas have become widely used in base station antennas. With the commercialization of 5G, the challenges facing base station antennas are also increasing. They are typically required to have good radiation capabilities, including high gain, wide half-power beamwidth, and high cross-polarization ratio, to ensure better coverage. Furthermore, antenna isolation is also subject to increasingly stringent requirements in the industry. Therefore, designing high-performance base station antennas is a problem that needs to be solved today. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide an antenna unit and an electronic device.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide an antenna element, comprising: a radiating layer and at least one balun component, wherein the radiating layer includes at least one pair of radiating patches, and the pair of radiating patches are fed by one of the balun components; wherein...

[0005] Two of the two radiating patches in a pair are arranged side by side along the polarization direction of the radiating patch; the radiating patch includes at least one pair of slits extending through its thickness direction, and two of the two slits in the pair are symmetrically arranged along the polarization direction of the radiating patch.

[0006] Wherein, the at least one pair of slits includes: at least one pair of first slits, the first slit including: a first branch, a second branch and a first connecting portion, the first branch and the second branch being connected to both ends of the first connecting portion and communicating with the first connecting portion;

[0007] At least a portion of the first branch of the first slit is connected and communicates with a first branch segment, the first branch segment penetrating the radiating patch along the thickness direction of the radiating patch; and / or,

[0008] At least a portion of the second branch of the first slit is connected to and communicates with a second branch, the second branch penetrating the radiating patch along the thickness direction of the radiating patch.

[0009] The radiating patch has two pairs of first slits. The radiating patch includes: a first side and a second side that are opposite to each other along a first direction and extend along a second direction, and a third side and a fourth side that are opposite to each other along the second direction and extend along the first direction. The extensions of the first side, the second side, the third side, and the fourth side intersect to define a virtual quadrilateral. The two first slits located on the same side of the polarization direction of the radiating patch are symmetrically arranged about one diagonal of the virtual quadrilateral.

[0010] The openings of each of the first slits are opposite to the center of the virtual quadrilateral, and the first branch and the second branch both penetrate the side of the radiating patch.

[0011] The radiating patch further includes a second slit whose center coincides with the center of the virtual quadrilateral and extends along the polarization direction of the radiating patch, and a third slit whose extension direction is orthogonal to the extension direction of the second slit.

[0012] The third slit includes two first sub-slits that are disconnected and disposed on both sides of the extension direction of the second slit; the two first slits located on the same side of the polarization direction are disposed on both sides of the first sub-slits.

[0013] The width of the second slit is greater than the width of the first sub-slit.

[0014] The radiating patch has multiple pairs of slits, including at least one pair of fourth slits. Two of the fourth slits in the pair are symmetrically arranged along the polarization direction of the radiating patch. The fourth slit includes a third branch, a fourth branch, and a second connecting portion. The third branch and the fourth branch are connected to both ends of the second connecting portion and communicate with the second connecting portion.

[0015] The fourth slit is located between the two first slits, with one of the first slits and the fourth slit having an opening facing the center of the virtual quadrilateral and the other facing away from the center of the virtual quadrilateral, or both the openings of the first slit and the fourth slit facing away from the center of the virtual quadrilateral.

[0016] The plurality of slits includes a pair of fourth slits; for the first slit and the fourth slit located on the same side of the polarization direction of the radiation patch, the fourth slit is located between the two first slits.

[0017] The radiating patch further includes a second slit whose center coincides with the center of the virtual quadrilateral and extends along the polarization direction of the radiating patch, a third slit orthogonal to the extension direction of the second slit, and a fifth slit located within the area defined by the first slit and the fourth slit.

[0018] The fifth slit is an annular slit, the second slit passes through the fifth slit, and the third slit is located inside the fifth slit and communicates with the fifth slit.

[0019] The radiating patch has multiple pairs of slits, including at least one pair of sixth slits, and two of the sixth slits in the pair are symmetrically arranged along the polarization direction of the radiating patch.

[0020] For the first slit and the sixth slit located on the same side of the polarization direction of the radiating patch, the sixth slit is located between the two first slits and penetrates the side of the radiating patch.

[0021] The radiating patch further includes a second slit whose center coincides with the center of the virtual quadrilateral and extends along the polarization direction of the radiating patch, a third slit whose extension direction is orthogonal to the extension direction of the second slit, and a fifth slit located within the area defined by the first slit and the sixth slit.

[0022] The fifth slit is an annular slit, the second slit passes through the fifth slit, and the third slit is located inside the fifth slit and communicates with the fifth slit.

[0023] The center of the fifth slit coincides with the center of the virtual quadrilateral.

[0024] The width of the second slit is greater than the width of the third slit.

[0025] In this embodiment, a fourth slit is provided between any two adjacent first slits of the radiation patch; the opening of one of the first slits and the fourth slit faces the center of the virtual quadrilateral, while the other faces away from the center of the virtual quadrilateral.

[0026] In this case, the opening of the first slit and the fourth slit, which is away from the center of the virtual quadrilateral, penetrates the side of the radiating patch.

[0027] The radiating patch further includes a second slit whose center coincides with the center of the virtual quadrilateral and extends along the polarization direction of the radiating patch, a third slit whose extension direction is orthogonal to the extension direction of the second slit, and a fifth slit located within the area defined by the first slit and the fourth slit.

[0028] The fifth slit is an annular slit, and both the second and third slits penetrate the fifth slit.

[0029] The opening of the fourth slit faces the center of the virtual quadrilateral; a fourth slit is provided at each end of the second and third slits and extends into the opening of the fourth slit.

[0030] In the radiation patch, the first slit and the fourth slit, located on the same side of the polarization direction, are alternately arranged.

[0031] The radiating patch further includes a second slit whose center coincides with the center of the virtual quadrilateral and extends along the polarization direction of the radiating patch; one of the first slit and the fourth slit, whose opening faces the center, communicates with the second slit.

[0032] The radiation patch includes: a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other along a first direction and extending along a second direction; a third side and a fourth side disposed opposite to each other along the second direction and extending along the first direction; a first connecting edge connecting the first side and the third side; and a second connecting edge connecting the second side and the fourth side. The interior angle formed by the first connecting edge connecting to the first side and the third side is an obtuse angle. The interior angle formed by the second connecting edge connecting to the second side and the fourth side is an obtuse angle.

[0033] The balun assembly includes two components, namely a first balun assembly and a second balun assembly, and the radiation layer includes two pairs of radiation patches. The first balun assembly and the second balun assembly are orthogonally arranged and are respectively connected to the two pairs of radiation patches. The two pairs of radiation patches have different polarization directions.

[0034] The assembly also includes a second substrate and a coupling layer. The second substrate includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other. The second surface is closer to the first substrate than the first surface. The first substrate is disposed on the side of the balun assembly away from the radiating layer.

[0035] The coupling layer includes coupling electrodes that correspond one-to-one with the radiating patches; the coupling electrodes are disposed on the first surface, and the radiating patches are disposed on the second surface.

[0036] It also includes a reflective layer disposed on the surface of the first substrate facing the balun assembly and connected to the reference electrode of the balun assembly, wherein the first substrate is disposed on the side of the balun assembly opposite to the radiating layer.

[0037] It also includes an antenna radome disposed on the side of the radiating layer away from the balun assembly, forming a sealed cavity together with the first substrate, which is disposed on the side of the balun assembly opposite to the radiating layer.

[0038] In a second aspect, this disclosure provides an electronic device including the antenna unit described in any of the preceding claims. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 is an exploded view (front) of the antenna vibrator according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0040] Figure 2 is an anatomical diagram (reverse side) of the antenna vibrator according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0041] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the radiation layer and the coupling layer in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0042] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the slit morphology of the radiating patch according to the first embodiment of this disclosure;

[0043] Figure 5 shows the standing wave curve of an antenna vibrator with the radiating patch shown in Figure 4.

[0044] Figure 6 is a polarization isolation curve of an antenna vibrator with the radiating patch shown in Figure 4.

[0045] Figure 7 is a curve showing the directivity coefficient of an antenna vibrator with the radiating patch shown in Figure 4;

[0046] Figure 8 shows the horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna vibrator with the radiating patch shown in Figure 4.

[0047] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the slit morphology of the radiating patch according to the second embodiment of this disclosure;

[0048] Figure 10 is a curve showing the directivity coefficient of an antenna vibrator with the radiating patch shown in Figure 9;

[0049] Figure 11 is a horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna vibrator with the radiating patch shown in Figure 9.

[0050] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the slit morphology of the radiation patch according to the third embodiment of this disclosure;

[0051] Figure 13 is a curve showing the directivity coefficient of an antenna vibrator with the radiating patch shown in Figure 12.

[0052] Figure 14 is a horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna vibrator with the radiating patch shown in Figure 12.

[0053] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the slit morphology of the radiation patch according to the fourth embodiment of this disclosure;

[0054] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the slit morphology of the radiation patch according to the fifth embodiment of this disclosure;

[0055] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the slit morphology of the radiation patch according to the sixth embodiment of this disclosure;

[0056] Figure 18 is a curve showing the directivity coefficient of an antenna vibrator with the radiating patch shown in Figure 17.

[0057] Figure 19 is a horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna vibrator with the radiating patch shown in Figure 17.

[0058] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the slit morphology of the radiation patch according to the seventh embodiment of this disclosure;

[0059] Figure 21 is a curve showing the directivity coefficient of an antenna vibrator with the radiating patch shown in Figure 20.

[0060] Figure 22 is a horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna vibrator with the radiating patch shown in Figure 20.

[0061] Figure 23 is a side view of an antenna vibrator according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0062] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0063] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms “an,” “a,” or “the,” and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms “including,” “comprising,” or “containing,” and similar terms mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. The terms “connected,” “linked,” or similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right,” etc., are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and these relative positional relationships may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described objects changes.

[0064] This disclosure provides an antenna, including one or more antenna elements. Each antenna element can be an antenna vibrator. The antenna can be a receiving antenna, a transmitting antenna, or a transceiver antenna that simultaneously transmits and receives signals. This disclosure uses a transmitting antenna as an example for illustration. The antenna can be applied in, but is not limited to, automobiles, trains (including high-speed trains), airplanes, and buildings. For example, the antenna in this disclosure is a transparent, wide-angle antenna used for inter-building communication. The structure of the antenna element in this disclosure embodiment is described below.

[0065] Figure 1 is an exploded view (front) of the antenna vibrator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 2 is an exploded view (back) of the antenna vibrator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the slit morphology of the radiating patch according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna, including the antenna vibrator shown in Figures 1 and 2. The antenna vibrator may include at least a radiating layer and at least one balun component.

[0066] Referring to Figures 1, 2 and 4, the radiating layer includes at least one pair of radiating patches, which are fed by a balun component; wherein two of the radiating patches are arranged side by side along the polarization direction of the radiating patches; the radiating patches include at least one pair of slits extending through their thickness direction, and two of the slits are symmetrically arranged along the polarization direction of the radiating patches.

[0067] Referring to Figure 1, the balun assembly includes two components: a first balun assembly 21 and a second balun assembly 22, which are orthogonally arranged. The radiation layer 11 includes two pairs of radiation patches. One pair of radiation patches, P1 and P2, are arranged side-by-side along their polarization direction D1 and connected to the first balun assembly 21. The other pair of radiation patches, P3 and P4, are arranged side-by-side along their polarization direction D2 and connected to the second balun assembly 22. The two pairs of radiation patches have different polarization directions; for example, the polarization direction of one pair of radiation patches, P1 and P2, is +45°, while the polarization direction of the other pair, P3 and P4, is -45°, and so on. The balun assembly can be perpendicular to the radiation layer, but is not limited to this.

[0068] In this embodiment, the first balun feeder 211 can be powered via a coaxial cable, and the excitation signal can be coupled to the first reference electrode 212 of the first balun assembly 21. Then, a pair of radiating patches P1 and P2 are excited through the first reference electrode 212 to radiate signals. The second balun feeder 212 can be powered via a coaxial cable, and the excitation signal can be coupled to the second reference electrode 222 of the second balun assembly 22. Then, another pair of radiating patches P3 and P4 are excited through the second reference electrode 222 to radiate signals.

[0069] It should be noted that, in one embodiment, the first balun assembly 21 may include a first balun substrate 213, and the first balun feed line 211 and the first reference electrode 212 may be disposed on two opposite surfaces of the first balun substrate 213. The first reference electrode 212 can be connected to a pair of radiating patches P1 and P2 via pads. The second balun assembly 22 may include a second balun substrate 223, and the second balun feed line 221 and the second reference electrode 222 may be disposed on two opposite surfaces of the second balun substrate 223. The second reference electrode 223 can be connected to another pair of radiating patches P3 and P4 via pads. In other embodiments, the first balun feed line 211, the first reference electrode 212, the second balun feed line 221, and the second reference electrode 222 may be disposed on the same balun substrate, that is, the number of balun substrates may be one. The first balun feed line 211 and the second balun feed line 212 may extend in a straight line, a curved line, or a zigzag line, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0070] Figure 1 illustrates an antenna vibrator comprising two pairs of radiating patches and two balun components connected in a one-to-one correspondence. In other embodiments, the radiating patches may include multiple pairs, such as 3 pairs, 4 pairs, etc.; there may also be multiple balun components. For example, the number of balun components may be equal to or less than the number of radiating patches (pairs or individual components), and no specific limitation is made here.

[0071] Referring to Figure 1, the antenna vibrator includes a first substrate 31 and a second substrate 12. The first substrate 31 is disposed on the side of the balun assembly away from the radiating layer 11. The second substrate 12 includes a first surface S1 and a second surface S2 disposed opposite to each other. The second surface S2 is closer to the first substrate 31 than the first surface S1. The radiating layer 11 is disposed on the first surface S1.

[0072] Referring to Figure 1, the antenna vibrator includes a third reference electrode 32, and the first substrate 31 includes a third surface S3 and a fourth surface S4 disposed opposite to each other. The third surface S3 is closer to the second substrate 12 than the fourth surface S4, and the third reference electrode 32 is disposed on the fourth surface S4.

[0073] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the radiating layer and the coupling layer in an embodiment of this disclosure. Referring to Figure 3, in another embodiment, the radiating layer may be disposed on the second surface S2, and the antenna vibrator includes a coupling layer 13. The coupling layer 13 includes coupling electrodes that correspond one-to-one with the radiating patches, and the coupling electrodes are disposed on the first surface S1.

[0074] Referring to Figure 4, the coupling layer 13 is disposed on the first surface S1, the radiation layer 11 is disposed on the second surface S2, and the coupling electrodes E1, E2, E3, and E4 are disposed in a one-to-one correspondence with the radiation patches P1, P2, P3, and P4. Since the second substrate 12 is not shown in Figure 4, from Figure 4, the coupling layer 13 is located above the radiation layer 11, the base 34 is located below the radiation layer 11, the first substrate 31 is located below the base 34, the first balun assembly 21 is connected to a pair of coupling electrodes E1 and E2, and the second balun assembly 22 is connected to another pair of coupling electrodes E3 and E42.

[0075] Referring to Figure 4, coupling electrodes E1, E2, E3, and E4 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with radiating patches P1, P2, P3, and P4. The coupling electrodes E1, E2, E3, and E4 are located on the side of the radiating patches P1, P2, P3, and P4 away from the first substrate 31. The overlapping portion of the orthographic projections of the coupling electrodes E1, E2, E3, and E4 onto the first substrate 31 and the orthographic projections of the radiating patches P1, P2, P3, and P4 onto the first substrate 31 has the same shape as the coupling electrodes E1, E2, E3, and E4. In the polarization direction, the lengths of the coupling electrodes E1, E2, E3, and E4 are less than the lengths of the radiating patches P1, P2, P3, and P4. In other embodiments, the orthographic projections of the coupling electrodes E1, E2, E3, and E4 onto the first substrate 31 and the orthographic projections of the radiating patches P1, P2, P3, and P4 onto the first substrate 31 may at least partially overlap. By using the overlapping portions of the orthographic projections of coupling electrodes E1, E2, E3, and E4 onto the first substrate 31 and the orthographic projections of radiating patches P1, P2, P3, and P4 onto the first substrate 31, the excitation signal is coupled from the coupling electrodes E1, E2, E3, and E4 to the radiating patches P1, P2, P3, and P4 respectively.

[0076] The coupling layer 13 may include one or more coupling electrodes, without specific limitations. The dimensions of the coupling electrodes and the radiating patch can be adjusted as needed to regulate antenna performance. The size of the coupling electrodes should not be too small to avoid insufficient energy coupled to the radiating patch, which would fail to adequately excite it; the size of the coupling electrodes should also not be too large to avoid blocking the energy radiation from the radiating patch and affecting the radiation pattern. The aperture of the radiating patch and the size of the slit loaded on the radiating patch can be adjusted according to the electrical length of the designed frequency band to avoid introducing new resonant points that could lead to a sudden and drastic drop in gain or non-convergence of the Smith chart, resulting in poor impedance matching. The materials for the coupling electrodes and the radiating patch can be copper, aluminum, etc.

[0077] In this embodiment, the first balun feeder 211 can be powered via a coaxial cable, and the excitation signal is then coupled to the first reference electrode 212 of the first balun assembly 21. The excitation signal is then coupled to the coupling electrode via the first reference electrode 212, and then coupled to a pair of radiating patches P1 and P2 via the coupling electrode, exciting the pair of radiating patches P1 and P2 to radiate signals. The second balun feeder 221 can be powered via a coaxial cable, and the excitation signal is then coupled to the second reference electrode 222 of the second balun assembly 22. The excitation signal is then coupled to the coupling electrode via the second reference electrode 222, and then coupled to another pair of radiating patches P3 and P4 via the coupling electrode, exciting the other pair of radiating patches P3 and P4 to radiate signals.

[0078] The dimensions and number of branches of the first balun feed 211 and the second balun feed 212 can be adjusted as needed. The first balun feed 211 and the second balun feed 212 should not be too high to avoid introducing a long current path, resulting in poor standing wave ratio (SWR) at high frequencies. At the same time, the first balun feed 211 and the second balun feed 212 should not be too low to avoid an excessively short current path, resulting in poor SWR at low frequencies. The number of branches of the first balun feed 211 and the second balun feed 212 should also not be too few to ensure that the Smith chart of the oscillator does not converge sufficiently.

[0079] The antenna of this embodiment, through reasonable design of the slit shape of the radiating layer and the feeding scheme of the antenna vibrator, can achieve good electrical and radiation performance in the 690-960MHz frequency band. It not only solves the problem of low gain of low-frequency vibrators in previous base station antennas, but also ensures a wide beamwidth, good impedance matching and polarization isolation.

[0080] The excitation signal is coupled to the coupling electrode via the reference electrodes of the first balun component 21 and the second balun component 22, and then coupled to the radiating patch via the coupling electrode. The radiating patch then radiates the excitation signal. This feeding method extends the current path without increasing the aperture of the radiating patch, thereby improving the standing wave ratio (SWR) at low frequencies of the antenna element. Furthermore, it avoids altering the original current path of the radiating patch, preventing the introduction of new resonant points into the antenna element across the entire frequency band. This prevents a sudden and drastic drop in array gain and a dip in the gain curve after the antenna elements are arrayed.

[0081] Referring to Figure 4, the antenna element is provided with a coupling layer. In the radiating patch, at least one pair of slits includes at least one pair of first slits C1, which are U-shaped. In other embodiments, the shape of the first slit C1 is not limited to U-shape; for example, it can be a zigzag, V-shape, W-shape, etc. This disclosure uses a U-shaped first slit C1 as an example for illustration.

[0082] The first slit C1 includes: a first branch C11, a second branch C12, and a first connecting portion C13. The first branch C11 and the second branch C12 are connected to both ends of the first connecting portion C13 and communicate with the first connecting portion C13 to form a U-shaped slit. At least a portion of the first branch C11 of the first slit C1 is connected to and communicates with a first branch C01, which penetrates the radiating patch along the thickness direction of the radiating patch. And / or, at least a portion of the second branch C12 of the first slit C1 is connected to and communicates with a second branch C02, which penetrates the radiating patch along the thickness direction of the radiating patch.

[0083] Referring to Figure 4, the extension directions of the first branch C11 and the second branch C12 of the first slit C1 are parallel to each other. The angle formed by the first branch C11 and the first connecting portion C13 and the angle formed by the second branch C12 and the first connecting portion C13 are complementary. For example, the angle formed by the first branch C11 and the first connecting portion C13 is 90°, and the angle formed by the second branch C12 and the first connecting portion C13 is 90°. In other embodiments, the extension directions of the first branch C11 and the second branch C12 may also form a certain angle.

[0084] Referring to Figure 4, the first branch C01, which is connected to and communicates with the first branch C11 of the first slit C1, extends in a direction away from the second branch C12, and the second branch C02, which is connected to and communicates with the second branch C12 of the first slit C1, extends in a direction away from the first branch C11. In other embodiments, the first branch C01, which is connected to and communicates with the first branch C11 of the first slit C1, may extend in a direction closer to the second branch C12, and the second branch C02, which is connected to and communicates with the second branch C12 of the first slit C1, may extend in a direction closer to the first branch C11.

[0085] Referring to Figure 4, the radiating patch has two pairs of first slits C1 and C1'; the radiating patch includes: a first side L1 and a second side L2 arranged opposite to each other along a first direction D3 and extending along a second direction D4, and a third side L3 and a fourth side L4 arranged opposite to each other along the second direction D4 and extending along the first direction D3; the extensions of the first side L1, the second side L2, the third side L3 and the fourth side L4 intersect to define a virtual quadrilateral Q, and the two first slits C1 and C1' located on the same side of the polarization direction D1 or D2 of the radiating patch are symmetrically arranged about a diagonal L7 of the virtual quadrilateral Q as an axis of symmetry. That is, in Figure 4, the radiating patch has two pairs of first slits C1 and C1'. One pair of first slits C1 and the other pair of first slits C1' are located on the same side of the polarization direction D1 or D2 of the radiating patch, and the pair of first slits C1 and the other pair of first slits C1' are symmetrically arranged about a diagonal L7 of the virtual quadrilateral Q as an axis of symmetry. Moreover, in Figure 4, the first branch of each of the two pairs of first slits C1 and C1' is connected and communicates with the first branch, and the second branch is connected and communicates with the second branch.

[0086] The above description of Figure 4 only uses one radiation patch in the radiation layer as an example to illustrate the slit morphology of the radiation patch. Different radiation patches in the radiation layer may have the same or different slit morphologies, which are not specifically limited here.

[0087] Figure 4 only illustrates the case where the radiating patch includes two pairs of first slits. In other embodiments, the radiating patch may include one pair or more pairs of first slits. In other embodiments, the radiating patch may not be limited to having the first, second, third, and fourth sides described above. The radiating patch may have fewer or more sides, and the sides may be straight or curved. The overall shape of the radiating patch may also be circular, elliptical, etc., without specific limitations here.

[0088] Referring to Figure 4, the U-shaped openings of each first slit are all away from the center of the virtual quadrilateral, and the first branch and the second branch both penetrate the side of the radiating patch. In Figure 4, each side of the virtual quadrilateral of the radiating patch is penetrated by the first branch and the second branch of a first slit. In other embodiments, the U-shaped openings of some of the first slits may face the center of the virtual quadrilateral, while the U-shaped openings of the remaining first slits may face away from the center of the virtual quadrilateral.

[0089] When low-frequency and high-frequency antenna elements are arranged close together, the principle of minimizing scattered current can be followed when designing the slits on the radiating patch of the low-frequency antenna element. Without slits, the induced current is mainly concentrated at the edge of the radiating patch. By appropriately adding slits, the induced current originally located at the edge can be concentrated around the designed slits. Simultaneously, through symmetrical design, the induced currents around the slits are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, thus canceling each other out and minimizing the scattered current on the radiating patch. By properly designing the slits on the radiating patch of the low-frequency antenna element, electromagnetic coupling between the high-frequency and low-frequency antenna elements can be reduced while ensuring good radiation and electrical performance of the low-frequency antenna element.

[0090] Referring again to Figure 4, the radiating patch further includes a second slit C2 whose center coincides with the center O of the virtual quadrilateral and extends along the polarization direction of the radiating patch, and a third slit C3 whose extension direction is orthogonal to the extension direction of the second slit C2; the third slit C3 includes two first sub-slits C31 that are disconnected and disposed on both sides of the extension direction of the second slit C2; the two first slits C1 and C1' located on the same side of the polarization direction are respectively disposed on both sides of the first sub-slits C31. The end of the second slit C2 near the vertex of the virtual quadrilateral Q is connected to and communicates with the third branch C03.

[0091] In one embodiment, the width of the second slit C2 is greater than the width of the first sub-slit C31.

[0092] By loading a first slit C1, a second slit C2, and a third slit C3 onto the antenna element, and adjusting the size of each slit, the current path on the radiating patch can be altered, making the standing wave ratio of the antenna element flexibly adjustable. When arrayed with a high-frequency antenna element, these slits can act as filters for the high-frequency antenna element, minimizing the influence of the low-frequency antenna element's radiating patch on the high-frequency antenna element.

[0093] Figure 5 shows the standing wave ratio (SWR) curve of the antenna element with the radiating patch shown in Figure 4; Figure 6 shows the polarization isolation curve of the antenna element with the radiating patch shown in Figure 4; Figure 7 shows the directivity curve of the antenna element with the radiating patch shown in Figure 4; Figure 8 shows the horizontal radiation pattern of the antenna element with the radiating patch shown in Figure 4. Referring to Figure 5, the SWR of both polarizations of the antenna element is less than 2, and the two curves basically overlap, indicating good impedance matching and good consistency between the two polarizations, reducing the difficulty of debugging. Referring to Figure 6, the polarization isolation of the antenna element is less than -27.5 dB, indicating that the mutual influence between the two polarizations of the antenna element is small and the polarization is relatively pure. Referring to Figure 7, the directivity of the antenna element is 8.08-8.45 dBi in the 690-960 MHz frequency band. Referring to Figure 8, the horizontal 3 dB beamwidth is 62-67°, and the beamwidth is relatively convergent. By rationally designing the shape and size of the slits in the radiating patch of the antenna vibrator, the antenna vibrator achieved excellent electrical and radiation performance.

[0094] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the slit morphology of the radiation patch according to the second embodiment of this disclosure.

[0095] Referring to Figure 9, and in conjunction with Figures 1 and 2, compared to the first embodiment, this antenna vibrator does not have a coupling layer. The radiating layer 11 is disposed on the first surface S1. The first reference electrode 212 of the first balun assembly 21 is connected to a pair of radiating patches P1 and P2 via pads. The second reference electrode 222 of the second balun assembly 22 is connected to another pair of radiating patches P3 and P4 via pads. That is, the reference electrode of the balun assembly is directly connected to the radiating patches. In the radiating patches, only the first branch C1'1 of the pair of first slits C1' facing other radiating patches is connected and communicates with the first branch C01, and the second branch C1'2 is connected and communicates with the second branch C02. The width difference between the second slit C2 and the third slit C3 is small.

[0096] In the embodiments of this disclosure, power is supplied via a coaxial cable. The excitation signal is transferred from the coaxial cable to the first balun feed line 211 of the first balun component 21 and the second balun feed line 221 of the second balun component 22, and then coupled to the first reference electrode 212 of the first balun component 21 and the second reference electrode 222 of the second balun component 22. The excitation signal is then transmitted to the radiating patch via the first reference electrode 212 and the second reference electrode 222 through the pads, and the radiating patch radiates the excitation signal.

[0097] Figure 10 is a directivity curve of the antenna element with the radiating patch shown in Figure 9; Figure 11 is a horizontal radiation pattern of the antenna element with the radiating patch shown in Figure 9. Referring to Figure 10, the directivity of the antenna element in the range of 690MHz-960MHz is 8.08-9dBi, and referring to Figure 11, the horizontal 3dB beamwidth is 57-67.3°.

[0098] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the slit morphology of the radiation patch according to the third embodiment of this disclosure.

[0099] Referring to Figure 12, compared with the second embodiment, the radiating patch has multiple pairs of slits, and the multiple pairs of slits also include at least one pair of fourth slits C4. Two of the fourth slits C4 in the pair are symmetrically arranged along the polarization direction of the radiating patch. The fourth slit C4 is U-shaped and includes: a third branch C41, a fourth branch C42, and a second connecting portion C43. The third branch C41 and the fourth branch C42 are connected to both ends of the second connecting portion C43 and communicate with the second connecting portion C43. The fourth slit C4 is located between two first slits C1. The U-shaped opening of one of the first slits C1 and the fourth slit C4 faces the center O of the virtual quadrilateral, while the other faces away from the center O of the virtual quadrilateral.

[0100] Referring to Figure 12, the plurality of slits includes a pair of fourth slits C4; for the first slit C1 and the fourth slit C4 located on the same side of the polarization direction of the radiating patch, the fourth slit C4 is located between the two first slits C1. In one embodiment, the first branch C11 and the second branch C12 of the first slit C1 extend through the side of the radiating patch.

[0101] Figure 13 is a directivity curve of the antenna element with the radiating patch shown in Figure 12; Figure 14 is a horizontal radiation pattern of the antenna element with the radiating patch shown in Figure 12. Referring to Figure 13, the directivity of the antenna element in the 690-960MHz range is 8.1-8.77dBi, and referring to Figure 14, the horizontal 3dB beamwidth is 59°-67°.

[0102] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the slit morphology of the radiation patch according to the fourth embodiment of this disclosure.

[0103] Referring to Figure 15, compared with the second embodiment, the radiating patch has multiple pairs of slits, and the multiple pairs of slits also include at least one pair of fourth slits C4. The two fourth slits C4 in the pair of fourth slits C4 are symmetrically arranged along the polarization direction of the radiating patch. The fourth slits C4 are U-shaped. The fourth slits C4 are located between the two first slits C1. The U-shaped openings of the first slits C1 and the fourth slits C4 are both away from the center O of the virtual quadrilateral.

[0104] Referring to Figure 15, the plurality of slits includes a pair of fourth slits C4; for the first slit C1 and the fourth slit C4 located on the same side of the polarization direction of the radiating patch, the fourth slit C4 is located between the two first slits C1. In one embodiment, the first branch and the second branch of the first slit C1 and the fourth slit C4 both penetrate the side edge of the radiating patch.

[0105] Referring to Figures 12 and 15, the radiating patch also includes a second slit C2 whose center coincides with the center O of the virtual quadrilateral and extends along the polarization direction of the radiating patch; a third slit C3 whose extension direction is orthogonal to the extension direction of the second slit C2; and a fifth slit C5 located within the area defined by the first slit C1 and the fourth slit C4; the fifth slit C5 is an annular slit, the second slit C2 passes through the fifth slit C5, and the third slit C3 is located within the fifth slit C5 and communicates with the fifth slit C5.

[0106] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the slit morphology of the radiation patch according to the fifth embodiment of this disclosure.

[0107] Referring to Figure 16, compared with the second embodiment, the radiating patch has multiple pairs of slits, including at least one pair of sixth slits C6. Two of the sixth slits C6 in the pair are symmetrically arranged along the polarization direction of the radiating patch. For the first slit C1 and the sixth slit C6 located on the same side of the polarization direction of the radiating patch, the sixth slit C6 is located between the two first slits C1 and penetrates the side of the radiating patch.

[0108] Referring to Figure 16, the radiating patch also includes a second slit C2 whose center coincides with the center O of the virtual quadrilateral and extends along the polarization direction of the radiating patch, a third slit C3 whose extension direction is orthogonal to the extension direction of the second slit C2, and a fifth slit C5 located within the area defined by the first slit C1 and the sixth slit C6; the fifth slit C5 is an annular slit, the second slit C2 passes through the fifth slit C5, and the third slit C3 is located within the fifth slit C5 and communicates with the fifth slit C5.

[0109] Referring to Figures 12, 15, and 16, the center of the fifth slit C5 coincides with the center O of the virtual quadrilateral. In another embodiment, the width of the second slit C2 is greater than the width of the third slit C3.

[0110] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the slit morphology of the radiation patch according to the sixth embodiment of this disclosure.

[0111] Referring to Figure 17, compared with the second embodiment, the radiating patch has multiple pairs of slits, and the multiple pairs of slits also include at least one pair of fourth slits C4. Two of the fourth slits C4 in the pair are symmetrically arranged along the polarization direction of the radiating patch. The fourth slits C4 are U-shaped. A fourth slit C4 is provided between any two adjacent first slits C1 of the radiating patch. The U-shaped opening of one of the first slits C1 and the fourth slit C4 faces the center O of the virtual quadrilateral, and the other faces away from the center O of the virtual quadrilateral.

[0112] Referring to Figure 17, the first branch and the second branch of the U-shaped opening in the first slit C1 and the fourth slit C4, which are opposite to the center of the virtual quadrilateral, penetrate the side of the radiating patch.

[0113] Referring to Figure 17, the radiating patch also includes a second slit C2 whose center coincides with the center O of the virtual quadrilateral and extends along the polarization direction of the radiating patch, a third slit C3 whose extension direction is orthogonal to the extension direction of the second slit C2, and a fifth slit C5 located in the area defined by the first slit C1 and the fourth slit C4; the fifth slit C5 is an annular slit, and both the second slit C2 and the third slit C3 penetrate the fifth slit C5.

[0114] Referring to Figure 17, the U-shaped opening of the fourth slit C4 faces the center O of the virtual quadrilateral; a fourth slit C4 is respectively provided at both ends of the second slit C2 and the third slit C3, and both ends of the second slit C2 and the third slit C3 extend into the U-shaped opening of the fourth slit C4.

[0115] Referring to Figure 17, the radiation patch also includes a pair of seventh slits C7 located within the area defined by the first slit C1, the fourth slit C4, and the fifth slit C5. The two seventh slits C7 are symmetrically arranged about the polarization direction of the radiation patch. Each seventh slit C7 includes two second sub-slits C71 that are disconnected and arranged on both sides of the extension direction of the fifth slit C5. The two second sub-slits C71 are symmetrically arranged about the third slit C3.

[0116] Figure 18 is a directivity curve of the antenna element with the radiating patch shown in Figure 17; Figure 19 is a horizontal radiation pattern of the antenna element with the radiating patch shown in Figure 17. Referring to Figure 18, the directivity of the antenna element in the 690-960MHz range is 8.15-8.7dBi, and referring to Figure 19, the horizontal 3dB beamwidth is 60°-67°.

[0117] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the slit morphology of the radiation patch according to the seventh embodiment of this disclosure.

[0118] Referring to Figure 20, the radiating patch has multiple pairs of slits, including at least one pair of fourth slits C4. Two of the fourth slits C4 in the pair are symmetrically arranged along the polarization direction of the radiating patch. The fourth slits C4 are U-shaped. The fourth slits C4 are located between two first slits C1. The U-shaped opening of one of the first slits C1 and the fourth slit C4 faces the center O of the virtual quadrilateral, while the other faces away from the center O of the virtual quadrilateral. The first slits C1 and the fourth slits C4 located on the same side of the polarization direction in the radiating patch are alternately arranged.

[0119] Referring to Figure 20, the radiating patch also includes a second slit C2 whose center coincides with the center O of the virtual quadrilateral and extends along the polarization direction of the radiating patch; one of the U-shaped openings of the first slit C1 and the fourth slit C4, which faces the center O of the virtual quadrilateral, is connected to the second slit C2.

[0120] Figure 21 is a directivity curve of the antenna element with the radiating patch shown in Figure 20; Figure 22 is a horizontal radiation pattern of the antenna element with the radiating patch shown in Figure 20. Referring to Figure 21, the directivity of the antenna element in the 690-960MHz range is 8.2-9.1dBi, and referring to Figure 22, the horizontal 3dB beamwidth is 58°-66.7°.

[0121] Referring to Figures 4, 9, 12, 15, 16, 17, and 20, the radiating patch includes: a first side L1 and a second side L2 disposed opposite to each other along a first direction D3 and extending along a second direction D4; a third side L3 and a fourth side L4 disposed opposite to each other along the second direction D4 and extending along the first direction D3; a first connecting edge L5 connecting the first side L1 and the third side L3; and a second connecting edge L6 connecting the second side L2 and the fourth side L4. The interior angle formed by the first connecting edge L5 connecting with the first side L1 and the third side L3 is an obtuse angle; the interior angle formed by the second connecting edge L6 connecting with the second side L2 and the fourth side L4 is an obtuse angle.

[0122] Referring to Figures 4, 9, 12, 15, 16, 17, and 20, the radiating patch further includes a third connecting edge L8 connecting the first side L1 and the fourth side L4, wherein the interior angle formed by the third connecting edge L8 connecting the first side L1 and the fourth side L4 is an obtuse angle. In one embodiment, the length of the third connecting edge L8 may be less than the lengths of the first connecting edge L5 and the second connecting edge L6.

[0123] Referring to Figures 1 and 23, the antenna vibrator further includes a reflective layer 33 disposed on the third surface S3 of the first substrate 31. The reflective layer 33 is connected to the first reference electrode 212 of the first balun assembly 21 and the second reference electrode 222 of the second balun assembly 22. The first balun assembly 21 and the second balun assembly 22 are orthogonal and fixed to the first substrate 31. In one embodiment, the first balun assembly 21 and the second balun assembly 22 can be fixed to the first substrate 31 by a base 34.

[0124] The shape and size of the base 34 can be adjusted appropriately according to the shape and size of the radiation layer. The base 34 can be square, circular, hexagonal, etc. The size of the base should be moderate. If it is too large, it will affect the performance of the adjacent oscillator and increase the material cost. If it is too small, it will make the pad size tight and inconvenient for soldering and fixing.

[0125] Referring to Figure 23, the antenna vibrator also includes an antenna radome 40, disposed on the side of the radiating layer 11 away from the first balun assembly 21 and the second balun assembly 22, forming a sealed cavity together with the first substrate 31. Referring to Figure 23, in one embodiment, the first substrate 31 may include a first side plate 311, a second side plate 312, and a bottom plate 313. The first side plate 311 and the second side plate 312 are disposed opposite to each other, and the first side plate 311 and the second side plate 312 form an angle with the bottom plate 313, respectively. The antenna radome is connected to the first side plate 311 and the second side plate 312 of the first substrate 31 to form a sealed cavity.

[0126] In the embodiments disclosed herein, the materials of the first substrate 31, the second substrate 12, the first balun substrate 213 and the second balun substrate 223 may be FR4 (Fiber Glass Board), Rogers high-frequency board of model RO4003 or RO4350, and air, etc., without specific limitations.

[0127] Compared to increasing the number of elements to improve gain, the radiating patch with a slit design disclosed in this invention can achieve better radiation performance while maintaining a small overall antenna size. Compared to improving antenna performance by increasing the antenna aperture or adding parasitic stubs, the radiating patch with a slit design disclosed in this invention requires no additional structural components or materials, offering advantages such as simple design, compact size, and low cost. Compared to improving antenna gain by using a radiating patch without slits, the impedance matching of the radiating patch with a slit design disclosed in this invention is more flexible and adjustable. The base station antenna element proposed in this disclosure has the advantages of compact size, low cost, and flexible and adjustable impedance matching. This low-frequency base station antenna element has certain practical significance.

[0128] This disclosure provides an electronic device that includes any of the antenna elements described above.

[0129] In some examples, the electronic device also includes a transceiver unit, an RF transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit. The antenna in the communication device can serve as either a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. The transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end. The baseband provides signals in at least one frequency band, such as 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G signals, and transmits these signals to the RF transceiver. After receiving the signal, the antenna in the communication system processes it through the filtering unit, power amplifier, signal amplifier, and RF transceiver before transmitting it to the receiving end in the transceiver unit. The receiving end may be, for example, a smart gateway.

[0130] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit and is used to modulate the signals transmitted by the transceiver unit, or to demodulate the signals received by the antenna before transmitting them to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the RF transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the baseband, the modulation circuit can modulate these signals before sending them to the antenna. The antenna receives the signals and transmits them to the receiving circuit of the RF transceiver. The receiving circuit then transmits the signals to the demodulation circuit, which demodulates the signals before transmitting them to the receiving end.

[0131] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier, which are then connected to a filtering unit. The filtering unit is connected to at least one antenna. During signal transmission in the communication system, the signal amplifier improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit may specifically include a duplexer and a filtering circuit. The filtering unit combines the signals output from the signal amplifier and power amplifier, filters out clutter, and transmits them to the antenna, which then radiates the signal. During signal reception in the communication system, the antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit filters out clutter from the received signal and transmits it to the signal amplifier and power amplifier. The signal amplifier increases the gain of the received signal, improving the SNR; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the received signal. The signal received by the antenna, after processing by the power amplifier and signal amplifier, is transmitted to the RF transceiver, which then transmits it to the transceiver unit.

[0132] In some examples, the signal amplifier may include various types of signal amplifiers, such as low-noise amplifiers, without limitation.

[0133] In some examples, the electronic device provided in this disclosure also includes a power management unit connected to a power amplifier and providing the power amplifier with a voltage for amplifying signals.

[0134] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention / utility model, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna element, comprising: A radiating layer and at least one balun component, the radiating layer comprising at least a pair of radiating patches, the pair of radiating patches being fed by one of the balun components; wherein... Two of the two radiating patches in a pair are arranged side by side along the polarization direction of the radiating patch; the radiating patch includes at least one pair of slits extending through its thickness direction, and two of the two slits in the pair are symmetrically arranged along the polarization direction of the radiating patch.

2. The antenna element according to claim 1, wherein, The at least one pair of slits includes: At least one pair of first slits, the first slits comprising: The first branch, the second branch, and the first connecting part are connected to both ends of the first connecting part and communicate with the first connecting part. At least a portion of the first branch of the first slit is connected and communicates with a first branch segment, the first branch segment penetrating the radiating patch along the thickness direction of the radiating patch; and / or, At least a portion of the second branch of the first slit is connected to and communicates with a second branch, the second branch penetrating the radiating patch along the thickness direction of the radiating patch.

3. The antenna element according to claim 2, wherein, The radiating patch has two pairs of first slits; the radiating patch includes: a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other along a first direction and extending along a second direction, and a third side and a fourth side disposed opposite to each other along the second direction and extending along the first direction; the extensions of the first side, the second side, the third side and the fourth side intersect to define a virtual quadrilateral, and the two first slits located on the same side of the polarization direction of the radiating patch are symmetrically arranged about one diagonal of the virtual quadrilateral as an axis of symmetry.

4. The antenna element according to claim 3, wherein, The openings of each of the first slits are opposite to the center of the virtual quadrilateral, and the first branch and the second branch both penetrate the side of the radiating patch.

5. The antenna element according to claim 3, wherein, The radiating patch further includes a second slit whose center coincides with the center of the virtual quadrilateral and extends along the polarization direction of the radiating patch, and a third slit whose extension direction is orthogonal to the extension direction of the second slit. The third slit includes two first sub-slits that are disconnected and disposed on both sides of the extension direction of the second slit; the two first slits located on the same side of the polarization direction are disposed on both sides of the first sub-slits.

6. The antenna element according to claim 5, wherein, The width of the second slit is greater than the width of the first sub-slit.

7. The antenna element according to claim 3, wherein, The radiating patch has multiple pairs of slits, including at least one pair of fourth slits, two of which are symmetrically arranged along the polarization direction of the radiating patch; each fourth slit includes a third branch, a fourth branch, and a second connecting portion, wherein the third branch and the fourth branch are connected to both ends of the second connecting portion and communicate with the second connecting portion. The fourth slit is located between the two first slits, with one of the first slits and the fourth slit having an opening facing the center of the virtual quadrilateral and the other facing away from the center of the virtual quadrilateral, or both the openings of the first slit and the fourth slit facing away from the center of the virtual quadrilateral.

8. The antenna element according to claim 7, wherein, The plurality of pairs of slits includes a fourth slit; for the first slit and the fourth slit located on the same side of the polarization direction of the radiation patch, the fourth slit is located between the two first slits.

9. The antenna element according to claim 8, wherein, The radiating patch further includes a second slit whose center coincides with the center of the virtual quadrilateral and extends along the polarization direction of the radiating patch, a third slit whose extension direction is orthogonal to the extension direction of the second slit, and a fifth slit located within the area defined by the first slit and the fourth slit. The fifth slit is an annular slit, the second slit passes through the fifth slit, and the third slit is located inside the fifth slit and communicates with the fifth slit.

10. The antenna element according to claim 3, wherein, The radiating patch has multiple pairs of slits, including at least one pair of sixth slits, and two of the sixth slits in the pair are symmetrically arranged along the polarization direction of the radiating patch. For the first slit and the sixth slit located on the same side of the polarization direction of the radiating patch, the sixth slit is located between the two first slits and penetrates the side of the radiating patch.

11. The antenna element according to claim 10, wherein, The radiating patch further includes a second slit whose center coincides with the center of the virtual quadrilateral and extends along the polarization direction of the radiating patch, a third slit whose extension direction is orthogonal to the extension direction of the second slit, and a fifth slit located within the area defined by the first slit and the sixth slit. The fifth slit is an annular slit, the second slit passes through the fifth slit, and the third slit is located inside the fifth slit and communicates with the fifth slit.

12. The antenna element according to claim 9 or 11, wherein, The center of the fifth slit coincides with the center of the virtual quadrilateral.

13. The antenna element according to claim 12, wherein, The width of the second slit is greater than the width of the third slit.

14. The antenna element according to claim 7, wherein, A fourth slit is provided between any two adjacent first slits of the radiation patch; the opening of one of the first slits and the fourth slit faces the center of the virtual quadrilateral, and the other faces away from the center of the virtual quadrilateral.

15. The antenna element according to claim 14, wherein, The opening in the first slit and the fourth slit, which is away from the center of the virtual quadrilateral, penetrates the side of the radiating patch.

16. The antenna element according to claim 14, wherein, The radiating patch further includes a second slit whose center coincides with the center of the virtual quadrilateral and extends along the polarization direction of the radiating patch, a third slit whose extension direction is orthogonal to the extension direction of the second slit, and a fifth slit located within the area defined by the first slit and the fourth slit. The fifth slit is an annular slit, and both the second and third slits penetrate the fifth slit.

17. The antenna element according to claim 16, wherein, The opening of the fourth slit faces the center of the virtual quadrilateral; a fourth slit is provided at each end of the second and third slits and extends into the opening of the fourth slit.

18. The antenna element according to claim 7, wherein, The first slit and the fourth slit, located on the same side of the polarization direction, are alternately arranged in the radiation patch.

19. The antenna element according to claim 18, wherein, The radiating patch further includes a second slit whose center coincides with the center of the virtual quadrilateral and extends along the polarization direction of the radiating patch; one of the first slits and the fourth slit, whose opening faces the center, communicates with the second slit.

20. The antenna element according to any one of claims 1-19, wherein, The radiation patch includes: a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other along a first direction and extending along a second direction; a third side and a fourth side disposed opposite to each other along the second direction and extending along the first direction; a first connecting edge connecting the first side and the third side; and a second connecting edge connecting the second side and the fourth side; the interior angle formed by the first connecting edge connecting to the first side and the third side is an obtuse angle; the interior angle formed by the second connecting edge connecting to the second side and the fourth side is an obtuse angle.

21. The antenna element according to any one of claims 1-19, wherein, The balun assembly includes two components, namely a first balun assembly and a second balun assembly, and the radiation layer includes two pairs of radiation patches; the first balun assembly and the second balun assembly are orthogonally arranged, and the first balun assembly and the second balun assembly are respectively connected to the two pairs of radiation patches; the polarization directions of the two pairs of radiation patches are different.

22. The antenna element according to any one of claims 1-19, wherein, It also includes a second substrate and a coupling layer, the second substrate including a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other; the second surface is closer to the first substrate than the first surface, and the first substrate is disposed on the side of the balun assembly away from the radiating layer; The coupling layer includes coupling electrodes that correspond one-to-one with the radiating patches; the coupling electrodes are disposed on the first surface, and the radiating patches are disposed on the second surface.

23. The antenna element according to any one of claims 1-19, wherein, It also includes a reflective layer disposed on the surface of the first substrate facing the balun assembly and connected to a reference electrode of the balun assembly, wherein the first substrate is disposed on the side of the balun assembly opposite to the radiating layer.

24. The antenna element according to any one of claims 1-19, wherein, It also includes an antenna radome disposed on the side of the radiating layer away from the balun assembly, forming a sealed cavity together with the first substrate, the first substrate being disposed on the side of the balun assembly opposite to the radiating layer.

25. An electronic device comprising an antenna unit as claimed in any one of claims 1-24.

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