Sowing system

Abstract

The present invention relates to a sowing system for precisely depositing seeds, comprising: a seed metering unit (1) for separating and dispensing seeds from a store; a delivery unit which transports the seeds from the seed metering unit to the ground or to a seed ejection device; and a controller (5) for controlling the seed dispensing and the seed transport in the delivery unit, wherein the seed metering unit (1) is controlled by the controller and the issued seeds are detected. The delivery unit is equipped with at least one seed drop tube (2) which is provided with one or more shut-off elements (4). The controller (5) synchronises the seed dispensing and the actions of the shut-off elements (4) of the delivery unit with one another. Optionally, a seed ejection device is provided for precisely depositing the seeds into the ground. Advantages include precise seed depositing, efficient resource utilisation, flexibility, environmental friendliness and data-based decision making.

Description

[0001] Sowing system

[0002] Field of invention

[0003] The invention relates to a sowing system according to the preamble of claim 1, a control system therefor, and a use of such a sowing system.

[0004] Background of the invention and prior art

[0005] Single seeding is a cultivation technique in which seeds are sown individually at specific intervals. Specialized seed drills or seeders are used for single seeding, capable of precisely placing the seeds. This allows for accurate control over the planting distance and the number of seeds planted per unit area.

[0006] Precision seed drills are used particularly for crops such as corn, soybeans, or sunflowers, where it is crucial to control the spacing between seeds to ensure optimal germination, development, and plant health. Numerous seed drills are available for agriculture, designed for high seeding rates and high sowing speeds.

[0007] The most common seed delivery system known in practice is a gravity-feed system. In this system, the individual seeds fall by gravity into a seed tube and from there into the seed furrow. To reduce undesirable variations in the spacing of the seeds in the soil, the seed tube may have a backward curve to catch the seed upon impact with the furrow bottom and impart a horizontal velocity.

[0008] There are also systems that capture the seeds and move them from the measuring device to an outlet, from which they enter the soil or the seeding trench. Patent US11051445B2 describes a seed drill equipped with a seed delivery device consisting of an endless belt. The belt moves within a housing and conveys the seeds between a housing inlet, where the seeds are dispensed by a metering unit, and a housing outlet located near the ground.

[0009] Patent specification US11083128B2 describes a seed dispensing device comprising a seed measuring device and a seed conveyor belt. It has an upper end designed to receive released seeds from the seed measuring device and a lower end through which the released seeds are discharged near the soil surface.

[0010] These solutions enable extremely precise seed distribution adapted to specific conditions. However, synchronization between the metering unit and the conveyor belts is often problematic. This synchronization can be achieved, for example, by adjusting the rotational speed of the seed disc. Patent US11553639B2 describes a solution in which precision is maintained by adjusting the distance between the metering unit and the belt to ensure that the seeds reach the belt at the correct speed. Solutions also exist in which the speed of the falling seeds is influenced by airflow.

[0011] For example, DE 10 2020 130 985 Al and DE10 2020 13 985 Al disclose a seed drill in which the seed is conveyed by compressed air via a seed metering unit, a seeding line, and a distribution head. In this distribution head, a switchable diverter controls the continuous seed flow between application and return modes. The seed is dispensed as a continuous stream without the precise detection and targeted release of individual seeds or seed portions – a method unsuitable for the targeted placement of individual seeds or seed portions.

[0012] These solutions are often relatively complex and require a comparatively large amount of space, which is difficult to implement for design reasons. Techniques and technologies used in agriculture and industry for seed placement and metering cannot be readily transferred to other applications, such as smaller plots of land, gardens, or crops that require extremely precise seed placement. Similarly, there are currently few solutions that have proven successful for reforestation or forest regeneration. For these purposes, handheld devices are best suited, especially in hard-to-reach areas with tree debris and similar obstacles. These handheld devices can be designed as seed sticks (carried in the hand) or as devices with one or more wheels that are pushed or pulled by a person, with the movement also being assisted by a motor.Even for smaller pieces of equipment like robots, drones, or small vehicles, solutions from agricultural applications cannot always be adopted. Nevertheless, modern technologies and automation methods offer opportunities for developing efficient seeding systems for various applications.

[0013] Technical problem of the invention

[0014] The technical problem of the present invention is to develop a sowing system that enables precise seed delivery – i.e., the targeted placement of individual seeds or seed portions, whether in evenly distributed patterns (e.g., in furrows with approximately equal intervals) or at selected or predefined locations – and which is, on the one hand, technically easy to implement and, on the other hand, depending on the embodiment, suitable for use at high driving speeds in agriculture as well as for small sowing devices such as drones, robots, or handheld devices.

[0015] Basic features of the invention and preferred embodiments

[0016] This technical problem is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

[0017] The invention offers particular advantages in three areas of application:

[0018] Firstly, for crops that need to be sown at uniform intervals within the row to achieve optimal use of light, water, and nutrients. These include, for example, corn, soybeans, sunflowers, broad beans, peas, millet, pumpkins, cucumbers, and zucchini. For these plants, precise individual seed placement is crucial to minimize competition between plants and maximize yield. The system enables the targeted placement of each individual seed with high repeatability.

[0019] Secondly, the system is particularly suitable for crops requiring precise row geometry – not only lengthwise but also crosswise. This allows plants to be placed in a grid-like pattern, enabling mechanical maintenance both lengthwise and crosswise to the direction of travel. This is especially advantageous for tall or delicate crops with wider planting distances, such as sugar beets, tobacco, pumpkins, zucchini, various brassicas (e.g., white cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli), tomatoes, peppers, or celeriac. The precise positioning creates a regular planting pattern, allowing for efficient mechanical weed control and maintenance in both directions. Thirdly, the system offers advantages for so-called cluster sowing or spot sowing, where single or multiple seeds are placed precisely at predefined locations.This is particularly relevant for forest plants and perennial crops with low germination rates or high value per plant. Examples include oak (acorns), beech (beechnuts), chestnut, walnut, hazel, linden, maple, black locust, black walnut, ash, sycamore, birch, elm, Douglas fir, pine, spruce, fir, Swiss pine, hazelnut tree, and tree species mixtures for reforestation, such as combinations of pioneer and target tree species. Wild fruit species like crab apple, rowan, or wild biennial, as well as energy wood species like poplar and willow (if propagated from seed), also benefit from targeted individual or group placement. The system allows for both the controlled placement of larger individual seeds and the precise dosage of several smaller seeds per location. This improves germination and establishment, reduces seed losses, and enables structured, site-adapted planting in forestry, agroforestry systems, or renaturalized areas.

[0020] It should be noted that the invention does not relate exclusively to the placement of individual seeds. Rather, it also encompasses the targeted placement of several seeds at one location, i.e., so-called seed portions. This can be useful or necessary, for example, in crops with low germination rates or with irregularly shaped seeds, in order to ensure the establishment of at least one plant per location. Technical factors during singulation can also lead to two or more seeds being dispensed together, either intentionally or accidentally. For the sake of linguistic simplicity, the term "seed" will be used throughout the following, regardless of the actual number, and will include both individual seeds and seed portions.

[0021] The invention comprises a seed dosing unit, a delivery unit, a control unit and optionally a seed ejection device.

[0022] The seed metering unit extracts seeds from a storage container, separates them, and dispenses them to the delivery unit. Mechanical, pneumatic, or magnetic seed metering units are known from the prior art and are widely used. The seed metering unit is controlled by a controller, and the dispensed seeds are recorded. "Controlled" here means that the seed metering unit dispenses a seed or interrupts seed dispensing when it receives a signal from the controller. Seed dispensing can be interrupted by switching off the seed metering unit or by a shut-off device, such as a flap that directs the seeds back to the storage container. Switching off the seed metering unit is advantageous when the time between seed dispensing is relatively long, as is the case with manual seeders. This saves energy that would otherwise be consumed by the drive mechanism.With fast-moving seeders, seed dispensing can occur at a constant speed, and only excess seeds are returned to the seed hopper by switching a flap or other means. The seed dispensing speed must be higher than the speed at which the seeds are deposited on the ground. A sensor is located either in the seed metering unit, at the delivery unit, or somewhere in between to detect the dispensed seeds. It is crucial that the detection occurs faster than the dispensing of the next seed.

[0023] With handheld devices and when sowing large seeds, dosing can also be done manually. A mechanical, pneumatic, or magnetic seed dosing unit—especially for large seeds like acorns, nuts, chestnuts, and the like—is often bulky and heavy, and therefore not very suitable for handheld devices. A practical solution is to place the seeds directly into the delivery unit. The time at which a seed is to be dispensed is communicated by the control system via visual or audible signals. Seed dispensing can be detected by the operator pressing a button, which sends a corresponding signal to the control system.

[0024] The delivery unit consists of at least one seed drop tube, each tube having at least one controllable shut-off element. This shut-off element retains the seed in the drop tube and releases it selectively at a defined time, with the released seed being detected by appropriate sensors.

[0025] The shut-off element catches a seed falling under gravity and, upon switching, allows it to either continue to the next shut-off element or fall to the ground. If the system consists of two or more seed drop tubes, the seed's path is determined by guide elements. The lowest shut-off element is located relatively close to the ground. After the shut-off element opens, the seed's fall time to the ground is kept relatively short, and the fall speed relatively low. The short fall time allows for precise seed dispensing, and the low speed reduces seed bounce or kickback from the ground. For handheld devices or slow-moving equipment where the time between individual seed dispensing is relatively long, a single shut-off element may suffice.The seeding process works as follows: a seed is dispensed from the seed metering unit into the seed tube and falls to the shut-off valve, which is in the closed position. At the predefined dispensing point, the shut-off valve opens, and the seed falls to the ground. The shut-off valve then closes again, and another seed is dispensed from the seed metering unit into the seed tube.

[0026] The time between seed release from the seed metering unit and seed reaching the shut-off element can sometimes be relatively long, especially in a design that can be described as a backpack solution. In this design, the seed metering unit is housed in a backpack, while the delivery unit is located near the ground, and both are connected by a flexible tube. The distance between the seed metering unit and the ground can then be as much as one meter, and the path is not necessarily straight. The time it takes for a seed to travel from the backpack to the shut-off element can be several seconds. For this reason, a preferred design consists of a seed drop tube containing two or more shut-off elements arranged one above the other. This design operates such that initially the lowest shut-off element is closed, and all others are open.The seed dispenser releases a seed into the seed drop tube, which then falls onto the closed shut-off valve. The control unit then closes the next higher shut-off valve, and another seed is dispensed by the seed dispenser. This process repeats until all shut-off valves are occupied and each one contains a seed. To release a seed onto the ground, the lowest shut-off valve opens, the seed falls out, and the valve closes again. Simultaneously, or after a short delay, the next higher shut-off valve opens, the seed falls onto the lower shut-off valve, and that valve closes again.

[0027] This process repeats until all existing barriers have been activated. The seeds fall from one barrier to the next until they reach the ground. The seed dispenser is controlled to release a seed when the lowest barrier is opened. In the backpack solution, the time it takes for the seed to travel from the seed dispenser to the top barrier is longer than the time required to pass through the barriers. This results in a state where relatively rapid seed release onto the ground is also possible.

[0028] The delivery unit design with a seed drop tube and several shut-off elements delivers the seeds quickly enough for handheld devices, drones, or robots, but might be too slow for high-speed agricultural equipment. For such equipment, a delivery unit consisting of multiple seed drop tubes containing shut-off elements is suitable. In this embodiment, the delivery unit comprises a main seed drop tube into which the seeds are dispensed by the seed metering unit, and one or, preferably, several secondary seed drop tubes branching off from the main tube and arranged approximately parallel to it. All tubes are equipped with shut-off elements.

[0029] A controllable steering element is arranged at each branch point. In the first position, the steering element allows the seed to fall further into the main seed chute, while in the second position, it directs it into the connected secondary seed chute. The steering element is preferably an electromagnetically controlled flap that, when open, allows the seed to pass through, while when closed, it diverts the seed into the connected chute. It is also possible for a secondary seed chute to branch off from an existing secondary chute. In this design, the seeds can be released onto the ground from any of the pipes.

[0030] By evaluating the speed of the seed drill and determining the planned delivery position, the control system can decide from which tube the seed is dispensed. This design enables very fast and precise seed placement on the ground and allows for a very compact delivery unit. The tubes are preferably arranged one behind the other (viewed in the direction of travel of the seed drill) and form a block unit. For seeds with a diameter of less than 10 mm (e.g., rapeseed, sugar beets, millet, etc.), it is sufficient for the seed tubes to have a cross-section with a diameter of 15 mm or a rectangular shape of 15 x 15 mm. This means that a block unit with 5 seed tubes can be only about 10 cm long. Depending on the type of shut-off and steering elements, the width is also only a few centimeters.

[0031] The preferred shut-off devices are flaps operated by a rotary motion. However, sliding gate-type shut-off devices are also possible, allowing for an even more compact design. Other types of shut-off devices are also available.

[0032] The distance between the barrier elements or the time delay between the opening and closing of two adjacent barrier elements must be chosen so that the barrier element below is closed when the seed from the higher barrier element reaches it.

[0033] A shut-off element can also be designed as a paddle wheel, preferably with four blades. With each 90° rotation, the shut-off element is opened by one blade and simultaneously closed by another. This allows all shut-off elements to be opened and closed simultaneously, even if the distance between them is relatively small. Very rapid rotation can also accelerate the seed.

[0034] In another embodiment, the seed drop tubes can be joined together to form a single tube. This embodiment is advantageous when a seed ejection device is used. The seed ejection device is a device that throws the seeds backward so that they reach the ground with virtually no horizontal velocity, or place them in a hole in the ground, or otherwise deposit them precisely on the ground.

[0035] Two designs of the seed ejection device are proposed, which can preferably be used in conjunction with the delivery unit. For handheld devices, robots / drones, or small, slow-moving vehicles, a seed ejection device is preferred that places the seeds underground without disturbing the soil. Agricultural machinery typically uses trailing shoes, mulching discs, or other tools to create a furrow that is then closed after seed placement. This type of soil preparation consumes a significant amount of energy and is not well-suited for handheld devices, robots, and drones. A less energy-intensive solution involves punching or drilling a hole in the ground and placing the seed into it.

[0036] For this purpose, a seed ejection device is proposed, comprising a bushing with a seed receiving nozzle and a rod that moves axially within the bushing within a limited range. The rod is connected to a pusher attached to the device structure. The seed receiving nozzle is positioned laterally on the bushing, receives the seeds from the delivery unit, and guides them to the bushing. The movement of the rod within the bushing is limited so that it moves downwards until it protrudes from the bushing and creates a hole in the ground. In this position, the opening of the seed receiving nozzle in the bushing is closed.

[0037] As the rod moves upwards, the opening of the seed receptacle opens once the end of the rod is above the opening. In this position, a seed inside the receptacle falls into the socket and then into the resulting hole.

[0038] The thrust device moves the rod up and down and can be designed as an eccentric, utilize a pneumatic cylinder, or move the rod in one direction, e.g., upwards, with compressed air or a cable pull, whereby a spring is tensioned that executes the downward movement by releasing its tension. Mechanical eccentric thrust devices are more suitable for robots or mobile seed drills than for drones or handheld devices.

[0039] For drone applications, devices that use compressed air or a pull cord and spring are easier to design, and the stroke of the movement can be flexibly implemented. A drone's flight altitude cannot always be kept constant, and the ground surface is not always level. The flexible stroke can compensate for these differences in altitude.

[0040] For handheld devices, the human body can serve as the pushing mechanism, with the movement being performed by the hand and / or foot. The hole depth is determined by a depth stop, which is designed as a plate or other transverse element. The bushing with the rod creates a hole at a predefined or selected location.

[0041] The design of seed ejection devices for robots / drones and handheld units can differ. With robots / drones, the seed ejection device is dynamically inserted into the ground. Therefore, it is advantageous if the rod is initially in the upper position, so that the opening of the seed pickup tube is open. In this state, a spring holds the rod and the socket in this position. A shut-off element is located in the seed pickup tube. The shut-off element is closed in the initial state and only opens when the rod moves downwards and closes the opening of the seed pickup tube. The control system can operate the shut-off element, or the rod can actuate the element mechanically. Since, in this embodiment, the seed ejection device moves relative to the delivery unit, a mechanical solution is preferred because it does not require a power supply.

[0042] The workflow is as follows: The bushing and rod are in the upper position, the seed intake opening is open, and the shut-off element is closed. A seed is placed into the seed intake from the delivery unit and falls onto the closed shut-off element. The rod is moved downwards, and the bushing is moved between the rod and the bushing by gravity and spring force until it reaches the soil surface and stops there. As the rod continues its downward movement, the seed intake opening is covered, and the shut-off element is opened by the rod, allowing the seed to fall into the covered opening of the seed intake.When the rod reaches a position where its lower end protrudes from the bushing or is at least level with the lower end of the bushing, the bushing and rod continue to move downwards, penetrating the soil and creating a hole. The rod then moves upwards. During the initial phase of this movement, the bushing remains in the ground, held in place by spring action. Once the rod is above the opening, the seed falls into the bushing and then into the hole. Simultaneously, the shut-off valve closes. As the rod continues to move, the bushing is carried along and moved upwards with the rod until the seed ejection device reaches its uppermost position. This is the initial state in which a seed is dispensed from the delivery unit into the seed receiving tube.The seed dispensing from the delivery unit is controlled by the control system, which detects the position of the seed ejection device. This detection can be done contactlessly or via a limit switch.

[0043] A preferred embodiment of the seed ejection device for handheld tools can be designed such that, in the initial state, the opening of the seed receiving nozzle is covered by the rod, and the rod protrudes slightly from the bushing by means of a spring that pulls or pushes the bushing and the rod together. The opening of the seed receiving nozzle and the rod thus form a shut-off element that is closed in the initial state.

[0044] In this design, a foot pedal is attached to the socket, and a catch is positioned on either the socket or the rod, connecting them. In the closed position, the catch connects the socket and the rod; in the open position, the rod can move within the socket. The catch is initially closed, so the rod is engaged when the socket is driven into the ground by pressing the foot pedal against the socket, creating a hole. The catch is then opened, and the rod is pulled upwards while the foot remains on the foot pedal, holding the socket in the ground.

[0045] As soon as the rod is in the upper position, the opening of the seed intake tube opens, and the seed falls into the bushing and then into the hole. The foot is then removed, releasing the bushing, and the spring pulls or pushes the bushing upwards, closing the opening of the seed intake tube and returning the latch to the closed position. During the upward movement of the bushing, its position is detected or a limit switch is activated, and the control system releases another seed from the dispensing unit. For high-speed agricultural machinery, a seed ejection device is proposed, comprising a wheel, preferably with a drive, and a housing around the wheel. The housing incorporates a feed channel, which is relatively short and arranged from above, approximately tangentially to the wheel.Seeds from the delivery unit are dispensed into this channel and guided into a space between the housing and the wheel. This space is designed to narrow towards the bottom. The housing is open at the bottom. The wheel rotates at a speed that corresponds to the linear speed of the machine, which is the speed at the wheel's surface (tangential speed). The wheel can roll on the ground, thus achieving the correct speed, but this would cause it to become dirty and require a cleaning device. Therefore, a design is preferred in which the wheel is driven by a motor and the rotational speed is controlled by the controller. The outer part of the wheel can be designed as a vane or gear, a brush-like element, or made of an elastic material such as foam, silicone, or rubber. The wheel can also be designed as a flexible, tubular wheel.It is important that the wheel is soft enough not to crush the seeds against the casing wall, but to gently surround them and guide them to the casing outlet opening.

[0046] When a seed is dispensed from the delivery unit into the channel, it falls into the space between the housing and the wheel, is carried along by the wheel, and discharged through the housing outlet onto the ground. The relatively small distance between the delivery unit and the wheel allows for very precise seed dispensing at a predefined location on the ground.

[0047] Sometimes it is desirable to sow two different crop varieties along a row to achieve specific agricultural goals, such as optimizing yield, improving soil health, or controlling pests. In many cases, the seeds of these plants differ significantly in size, for example, when combining corn (large seeds) and beans (medium-sized seeds). While the corn provides structure and shade, the beans fix nitrogen in the soil. Precise placement—for example, one kernel of corn alongside two beans—can be advantageous here, but is difficult to control with conventional techniques.

[0048] Another example is the joint sowing of sunflowers (large) and lupins (medium) to promote soil loosening and insect diversity. Here, too, it can be beneficial to combine one sunflower seed with a defined number of lupin seeds at each planting site.

[0049] Even with seeds of similar size, such as peas and lentils, it may be desirable to create a specific mixing pattern – for example, two peas to one lentil – in order to selectively control growth phases, root behavior, or nutrient utilization.

[0050] The sowing system according to the invention offers an innovative solution to achieve this goal by placing the seeds in an alternating pattern or in groups to achieve the desired mixture of the two plant varieties in the row. One possible embodiment of this system consists of two seed metering units and two associated delivery units that converge in a seed ejection device. Each seed metering unit is designed to process seeds of a specific variety. The control system allows the seeds to be placed very precisely in the desired sequence and at the appropriate intervals to create the desired pattern.

[0051] The control system for the described seeding system offers precise and efficient control over the entire seeding process. It comprises several components and functions that ensure smooth and reliable seed delivery:

[0052] The control system is equipped with various sensors and data acquisition systems to monitor and record relevant parameters during operation. These include, among others:

[0053] - A sensor to detect the position of the seed drop tubes or seed ejection device in order to control the timing of seed release.

[0054] - Sensors to monitor the movement and actions of the delivery unit and seed ejection device to ensure they are in the correct position.

[0055] - A speed sensor to detect the speed of the agricultural machine or device and to adjust the rotational speed of the wheel or other moving parts of the seed ejection device accordingly.

[0056] - A seed detection sensor that detects whether a seed has been successfully dispensed from the seed dosing unit and has entered the delivery unit.

[0057] The control system regulates the timing and quantity of seed dispensing from the seed metering unit based on sensor input signals. It monitors and controls the movement of the delivery unit to ensure precise seed placement on the ground or into the seed ejection device. It synchronizes the movements of the shut-off and steering elements with the seed dispensing timing to guarantee a smooth transfer.

[0058] The control system manages the actuators and drive systems required to move the seed ejection device and other moving parts of the device. This includes regulating motors, pneumatic cylinders, springs, or other mechanisms used to move the rod, bushing, or other components of the seed ejection device.

[0059] The control unit is equipped with interfaces that enable communication with other systems, such as the main control system of the agricultural machine or device. It can exchange data and receive commands to integrate and coordinate the sowing process within the overall system.

[0060] The control system is equipped with emergency and safety mechanisms to safely stop or interrupt the operation of the device in the event of malfunctions or unforeseen events. This can include automatically shutting off seed dispensing or activating warning signals to alert operators or users.

[0061] Overall, the control system ensures precise, reliable, and efficient sowing by coordinating and monitoring the various components of the sowing system. It dynamically adapts to different operating conditions and enables optimal adjustment to the requirements of the respective application environment.

[0062] The detection and control of the seed placement point is an essential component of the presented invention to ensure precise and efficient sowing. Various technologies are used to enable the accurate positioning of the seed placement. A key element is the integration of positioning systems, such as GPS (Global Positioning System) or GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), into the sowing system. By continuously acquiring the position coordinates of the sowing vehicle or seeding equipment, the precise position for seed placement can be determined. This data is then used by the system's control unit to precisely control the sowing process.

[0063] To further improve accuracy, Differential GPS (DGPS) or Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) can also be used. These technologies correct errors in GPS position measurement and enable even more precise positioning down to the centimeter. The seeding system's control unit uses this position information to automatically adjust and control seed delivery. This includes automatically shutting off seed delivery when predefined boundaries or previously treated areas are reached, in order to prevent overlaps and optimize seed consumption.

[0064] Furthermore, the collected data is used for mapping and recording the cultivated field. This digital mapping enables a detailed analysis of the sowing patterns and supports the planning of future cultivation measures. The integration of these technologies into the sowing system ensures precise, efficient, and resource-conserving sowing, maximizing yield potential and enabling sustainable field management.

[0065] Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained and described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0066] Fig. 1 shows the sowing system in a schematic representation of principle.

[0067] Fig. 2 schematically shows the sowing process in three illustrations.

[0068] Fig. 3 schematically shows a design for high-speed seed drills.

[0069] Fig. 4 schematically shows the embodiment according to Fig. 3, but with an ejection device.

[0070] Fig. 5 schematically shows in two illustrations a design for robots, drones or slow-moving seeding machines.

[0071] Fig. 6 schematically shows in two illustrations a design for handheld devices.

[0072] Fig. 7 schematically shows an embodiment for sowing two different plant varieties.

[0073] Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the sowing system, illustrating its operation. The system comprises a seed metering unit 1, which takes the seeds from a reservoir, separates them, and then dispenses them into the seed tube 2. Directly below the seed metering unit 1 is a sensor 3, which detects the dispensed seeds. A shut-off element 4, in the form of a switchable flap, is located in the lower part of the seed tube. The shut-off element 4 can be controlled by the controller 5 or actuated mechanically, in the latter case being transmitted to the controller 5 with its position. The seed tube 2 and the shut-off element 4 form a delivery unit.

[0074] Initially, the shut-off element 4 is closed. The controller 5 sends a signal to the seed dosing unit 1, and a seed 6 is dispensed into the seed drop tube 2. The sensor 3 detects the dispensing and sends a signal to the controller 5, stopping further seed dispensing. The dispensed seed 6 falls and is stopped by the shut-off element 4. At a selected location where the seed is to be deposited, the operator manually opens the shut-off element 4, the seed falls to the ground, and the shut-off element 4 closes again. Simultaneously, the position of the shut-off element 4 is transmitted to the controller 5, and another seed dispensing from the seed dosing unit 1 is initiated.

[0075] In another embodiment, the shut-off element 4 is controlled by the control unit 5. In this case, the signal indicating where the seed 6 is to be placed on the ground is sent to the control unit 5 by pressing the button 7, and the control unit 5 opens and closes the shut-off element 4.

[0076] In another embodiment, the control unit 5 detects the position of the delivery unit and opens and closes the shut-off element 4 at a predefined or selected location.

[0077] Fig. 2 schematically shows a design with a seed drop tube 2 with several shut-off elements 4, which can be used with handheld devices, robots or drones. Fig. 2 consists of three figures “a”, “b” and “c” which illustrate the sowing process, with the control unit 5 only shown in figure “a”.

[0078] The embodiment, analogous to Fig. 1, consists of the seed dosing unit 1, the delivery unit, which consists of a seed drop tube 2 with several shut-off elements 4, and the sensor 3. The shut-off elements 4 are electromagnetically switchable and are controlled by the control unit 5.

[0079] Figure "a" shows a state referred to as preparation. In preparation, the lowest shut-off element 4 is initially closed, and all others are open. By actuating switch 7, the controller 5 will initiate the dispensing of a seed 6 from the seed dosing unit 1. The dispensed seed 6 falls into the seed drop tube 2, is detected by sensor 3, and stopped at the closed lowest shut-off element 4. The sensor sends a signal to the controller, the fall time is determined, and after the seed 6 has passed the second-lowest shut-off element 4, it is closed. After the shut-off element 4 is closed, the controller 5 will initiate another seed dispensing. However, the seed dispensing can also occur earlier, after the controller takes into account the distances between sensor 3 and the shut-off elements 4 and initiates the seed dispensing accordingly.The process repeats until all barrier elements 4 are closed and a seed 6 is located at each barrier element 4. This state is shown in figure “b”.

[0080] In another embodiment, additional sensors 8 are arranged on the seed drop tube 2, which detect the movement and position of the seed 6 and transmit the information to the control unit 5, which enables the seed delivery and switching of the shut-off elements 4 to be even more precise and faster.

[0081] Figure “c” shows the placement of a seed 6 on the ground and the subsequent movement of further seeds 6. The distances between the barrier elements 4 and the duration of the switching of the barrier elements 4 are chosen such that simultaneous opening and closing of the flaps 4 is possible without two or more seeds passing through a barrier element 4 during a switching process.

[0082] Following a signal triggered by the operator pressing button 7, or at a predefined or selected point determined by the control system, all barriers 4 are briefly opened. This allows the seeds 6 to pass over the barriers 4 they were just resting on, but the next, lower barriers 4 are already closed again by the time they reach them. Thus, with each opening and closing cycle, the seeds 6 are moved one level lower. The lowest seed 6 falls to the ground.

[0083] Simultaneously, a signal is sent from the controller 5 to the seed dosing unit 1 to release another seed 6. The signal can also be sent earlier if the time of deposition on the ground is predictable and if the distance between the seed dosing unit 1 and the uppermost shut-off element 4 is greater than the distance between the individual shut-off elements 4. The controller 5 can then calculate the release time so that the seed 6 reaches the uppermost shut-off element 4 when it has already closed again.

[0084] This design allows for relatively rapid seed dispensing from the delivery unit and is suitable for applications where dispensing is irregular and a seed dosing unit 1 is used that dispenses seeds relatively slowly. It is suitable for handheld devices, drones, or robots that dispense one or more seeds at a suitable location and then move to another location. The number of shut-off elements (4) corresponds to the number of seeds (6) that can be dispensed in very rapid succession.

[0085] Fig. 3 schematically shows an embodiment of the seeding system designed for high-speed seed drills. The delivery unit consists of three seed drop tubes 2 with corresponding shut-off elements 4, one tube 2 being connected to the seed metering unit 1 and the other two branching off from it. Electromagnetically controlled steering elements 9 are arranged at the branch points, the position of which determines into which tube 2 a seed 6 is directed.

[0086] This design represents a duplication of the delivery unit shown in Fig. 2. This duplication allows for faster seed delivery because the seeds from each tube can be deposited independently at a predefined or selected location.

[0087] Fig. 4 schematically shows the embodiment of Fig. 3 with a discharge device. The seed drop tubes 2 of the delivery unit are joined together to form a single tube 2, which opens into the discharge device. The discharge device comprises a housing 10 and a drive wheel 11. The housing 10 has a feed channel 12 into which the seeds 6 are discharged from the delivery unit. The channel 12 is arranged approximately tangentially to the wheel 11. Below the channel 12, the housing 10 and the wheel 11 form a space that narrows downwards. The housing 10 is open at the bottom. The wheel 11 is designed as a vane wheel with flexible blades and rotates at a speed that causes the seeds 6 to fall at a horizontal velocity of almost zero (relative to the ground).

[0088] Fig. 5 schematically shows a version of the system with a seed ejection device. This version is particularly suitable for robots, drones, or slow-moving seed drills.

[0089] Fig. 5 consists of two figures “a” and “b” that illustrate the process of sowing, with the control unit 5 only shown in figure “a”.

[0090] The seed metering unit 1, the delivery unit, the cable drum 13, and the rod guide 14 for the rod 15 are rigidly connected to the structure of a drone or robot. The drone or robot itself is not shown in the figure. The ejection device consists of a bushing 16 with a laterally arranged seed receiving nozzle 17 and a rod 15 that can move axially within the bushing 16 to a limited extent. The movement is limited by the changes in the cross-section of the rod 15 and the cover of the bushing 16. The rod 15 is connected to the rod guide 14 by the spring 18, to the bushing 16 by the spring 19, and to the cable drum 13 by a cable.

[0091] The lowest shut-off element 4 can be controlled by the control unit 5, but is preferably designed as a mechanically switchable flap. It is actuated by the ejection device, and its position is detected by the control unit 5. The position of the shut-off element 4 can be detected directly by a signal from the shut-off element 4 or by detecting the position of the ejection device, which uniquely defines the position of the shut-off element 4. When the ejection device is in its uppermost position, the shut-off element 4 is open; when the ejection device moves downwards, the shut-off element 4 is closed, for example, by a spring (not shown in the figure).

[0092] A flap 20 is arranged in the seed intake port 17, which is mechanically actuated by the rod 15. The rod 15 moves axially in the bushing 16 and is connected to the bushing via the tension spring 19. The spring 19 pulls the bushing 16 and the rod 15 apart so that, in their resting position, they are positioned such that the opening of the seed intake port 17 is open. A depth limiter 21, which is height-adjustable and lockable, is attached to the bushing 16.

[0093] Function: Figure “a” shows the embodiment at the beginning of the sowing process. The seeds 6 were dispensed from the seed metering unit 1 into the seed drop tube 4 of the delivery unit until all shut-off elements 4 were occupied. The rod 15 is moved upwards by the cable drum 13, engaging the bushing as soon as the change in cross-section of the rod 15 abuts the cover of the bushing 16 and tensions the springs 18 and 19. During the upward movement, the lowest shut-off element 4 is opened by the action of the seed receiving spout 17. The seeds 6 that were against the shut-off element 4 fall downwards into the seed receiving spout 17 and against the closed flap 20.

[0094] Figure "b" shows a stage of the sowing process at a predefined or selected location where the seed is to be placed in the soil. The control unit 5 unlocks the cable winch 13, and the tensioned spring 18 moves the rod 15 downwards in a sudden, jerky motion. First, the rod 15 moves within the bushing 16 until the change in its cross-section abuts the cover of the bushing 16. Then, the bushing 16 moves along with the rod, and both penetrate the soil up to the depth gauge 21, creating a hole. During this movement, the flap 20 is opened by the action of the rod 15, and the seed 6 falls into the bushing 16 up to the opening of the seed intake tube 17. The opening is covered by the rod 15.

[0095] Simultaneously, spring 19 is tensioned. The lowest shut-off element 4 of the delivery unit is released by seed intake nozzle 17 and closes, while all other shut-off elements 4 are opened and closed again, causing the seeds 6 to fall one level lower. Seed metering unit 1 is then triggered to dispense another seed into the delivery unit. Subsequently, the cable winch is engaged and pulls rod 15 upwards. Due to the action of spring 19 and partly due to its own weight, the bushing 16 initially remains in the ground until the rod 15, with its change in cross-section, strikes the cover of the bushing 16 and pulls it out. During this process, the opening of nozzle 17 is opened, and the seed 6 falls into the bushing 16 and into the resulting hole.

[0096] Fig. 6 schematically shows a version of the system with a seed ejection device, which is particularly suitable for handheld devices.

[0097] Fig. 6 consists of two illustrations “a” and “b”, which depict the sequence of the sowing process, with the control unit 5 only shown in illustration “a”.

[0098] The seed dosing unit 1 is carried in a backpack and is connected to the delivery unit via a flexible hose 22. The delivery unit, in turn, is connected to the seed ejection device and consists of a seed drop tube 2 and two shut-off elements 4, which are designed as flaps. In a further embodiment, several shut-off elements 4 can be arranged. The upper shut-off element 4 is controlled by the control unit 5, and the lower one is mechanically actuated by the rod 15, its position being detected by the control unit 5.

[0099] The seed ejection device consists of a bushing 16, which has a seed receiving nozzle 17, a tread surface 23, and a catch 24, as well as a rod 15 with a handle 25 and two adjusting rings 26 and 27 connected to the rod 15. The rod 15 is movably connected to the bushing 16 and can move axially within it to a limited extent. Downward movement is limited by the adjusting ring 26 and the bushing 16, while upward movement is limited by the adjusting ring 27 and the catch 24. The catch 24 is a chamfered element that allows the ring 27 to pass through and engage during downward movement, but prevents movement in the opposite direction. The ring 27 is arranged eccentrically on the rod 15. Rotating the rod 15 disengages the catch, allowing the rod 15 to move upward. In another embodiment, the snap 24 can be pulled away from the rod 15 to decouple the two elements.The bushing 17 is connected to the rod 15 by the spring 28. The spring 28 pulls the two components together so that the adjusting ring 26 abuts the bushing 16.

[0100] Figure "a" shows the embodiment at the beginning of the sowing process. A seed 6 is dispensed from the seed metering unit 1, passes through the two open shut-off elements 4, and lands at the opening of the seed intake nozzle 17, which is covered by the rod 15. The upper shut-off element 4 is then closed, and another seed from the seed metering unit 1 is dispensed into the delivery unit and falls onto the upper shut-off element 4. At the selected location, the seed ejection device is driven into the ground by stepping on the platform 23. The rod 15 moves with the seed ejection device because it is coupled to the device by the adjusting ring 27 and the catch 24.

[0101] Figure “b” shows a state of the sowing process when the seed is placed in the soil. In this state, the foot remains on the platform 23 and the rod 15 is rotated by hand using the handle 25 so that the latch 24 and the adjusting ring 27 disengage. The rod 15 is then pulled upwards until the adjusting ring 26 abuts the latch 24 and prevents further movement.

[0102] During this movement, the lower shut-off element 4 closes, and the upper shut-off element 4 opens and closes again after a time required for the seed 6 to leave the shut-off element 4. Simultaneously, the spring 28 is tensioned, another seed 6 is dispensed from the seed metering unit 1, and the opening of the seed receiving nozzle 17 opens, causing the seed 6 to fall into the bushing 16 and then into the hole in the ground. The foot is then removed from the tread 23. The tensioned spring 28 pulls the bushing 16 upwards until it contacts the adjusting ring 26. At the same time, the catch 24 engages with the adjusting ring 27.

[0103] Fig. 7 schematically shows an embodiment suitable for sowing seeds of two different plant varieties 29 and 30. This embodiment consists of two seed metering units 1 and two associated delivery units, which are formed by the seed drop tubes 2, the shut-off elements 4, and the steering elements 9. The seed drop tubes 2 of the two delivery units are joined to form a single seed drop tube 2, which opens into the channel 12 of the seed ejection device. An exemplary embodiment of the seed ejection device is described in Fig. 4.

[0104] The presented invention offers a multitude of advantages compared to the prior art:

[0105] 1. Precise seed placement: By integrating modern technologies such as GPS or GNSS, the seeding system enables precise positioning and delivery of the seeds. This ensures even distribution across the field, leading to improved germination and plant development.

[0106] 2. Efficient resource utilization. Automatic seed dispensing control based on real-time location data optimizes the use of seeds and other resources. Overlaps and gaps are avoided, reducing seed consumption and increasing productivity.

[0107] 3. Flexibility in application: The invention is suitable for both large agricultural machinery and smaller devices such as handheld tools, robots, or drones. This allows it to be used in various application scenarios and crops, highlighting the versatility and adaptability of the system.

[0108] 4. Environmental friendliness: Precise seed placement not only reduces seed consumption but also minimizes environmental impact through the targeted and limited application of fertilizers and pesticides. This contributes to sustainable agriculture and the responsible use of natural resources.

[0109] 5. Data-driven decision-making: The integration of GPS and other technologies enables comprehensive collection and analysis of field data. Farmers gain valuable insights into sowing patterns, yield potential, and soil conditions, which are essential for data-driven decision-making and long-term planning.

Claims

TI Patent claims 1. Sowing system comprising: a seed metering unit (1) for singulating and dispensing seeds from a storage unit, a delivery unit which transports the seeds from the seed metering unit (1) to the soil or to a seed ejection device, a control unit (5) for regulating seed dispensing and seed transport in the delivery unit, characterized in that the seed metering unit (1) is controlled by means of a control unit (5) and the dispensed seeds are detected, wherein the control unit (5) synchronizes the seed dispensing and the actions of the shut-off elements (4) of the delivery unit, the delivery unit is equipped with at least one seed drop tube (2) and the seed drop tube (2) is provided with one or more shut-off elements (4), and an optional seed ejection device is provided for the precise placement of the seeds in the soil.

2. Sowing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the seed ejection device comprises a bushing (16) with a seed receiving nozzle (17) and a rod (15) which moves axially in the bushing (16), wherein the rod (15) is moved by a push device, and the seed ejection device is designed to poke or drill a hole in the ground and place a seed in the hole.

3. Sowing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the seed ejection device comprises a wheel (11) with drive, a housing (10) is arranged around the wheel (11), an introduction channel (12) is provided in the housing (10), wherein the wheel (11) guides the seeds through the introduction channel by rotary movement and deposits them precisely on the ground.

4. Sowing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the delivery unit is connected to the seed metering unit (1) by a flexible hose (22) and the seed ejection device comprises the following: - a footplate (23) and a handle (25) for operating the device, - a spring (28) that holds the rod (15) and the bushing (16) in a preset position, - and a snap fastener (24) which, in a closed position, connects the rod (15) to the socket (16) and, in an open position, allows the movement of the rod (15).

5. Control system for a sowing system, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: - Sensors for recording relevant parameters during operation, - Control algorithms for controlling seed delivery and the movement of the delivery unit, - Communication interfaces for integration with other systems, - Emergency and safety mechanisms to ensure safe operation, - wherein the control (5) synchronizes the seed delivery and the actions of the delivery unit and optionally the seed ejection device.

6. Use of a sowing system according to one of claims 1 to 4 for sowing individual seeds into soil.

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