Irrigation system

Abstract

An irrigation system (10) includes a cooling system (100), a conduit system (200), a fluid pump system (300), and a condensate collection system (400) and delivery system (500). The fluid pump system (300) pumps working fluid (WF) through the conduit system (200). The conduit system (200) includes at least one conduit (210) having outer surfaces thereof in thermal communication with the working fluid (WF) and facilitates condensation of water vapor from surrounding air thereon to thereby produce water condensate (WC). The cooling system (100) cools the working fluid (WF) to induce a surface temperature on the outer surface below a dew point of surrounding air, to thereby enable the water condensate (WC) to be condensed on the outer surface of the conduit (210). The collection and delivery system (400, 500) is coupled to the conduit system (200), and operative for collecting the water condensate (WC) from the conduit (210), and for selectively delivering the water condensate (WC) to a watering zone (GZ) to thereby irrigate the watering zone (GZ) with at least a portion of the collected water condensate.

Description

[0001] IRRIGATION SYSTEM

[0002] TECHNOLOGICAL FIELD

[0003] The presently disclosed subject matter relates to systems and methods for irrigation, in particular to systems and methods for irrigation in which the water source is provided by condensation of atmospheric moisture.

[0004] BACKGROUND

[0005] Irrigation by condensation has emerged as a method for supplying water to irrigate crops in a passive and resource-efficient manner. This method conventionally involves circulating cooled fluid through tubing systems positioned adjacent to, or embedded within, the ground area to be irrigated. As the cooled fluid flows, it lowers the temperature of the tubing and its outer surface. When humid air in the surrounding environment comes into contact with the cooled outer surface, the temperature differential between the tubing and the ambient dew point induces a phase change, causing water vapor to condense onto the outer surface of the tubing. The resulting water condensate drips onto the ground area, thereby providing passive localized irrigation.

[0006] One known implementation of such a system is disclosed in a YouTube video from the company Roots- Sustainable Agricultural Technologies Ltd. in 2 November 2020 In this implementation, a standalone, closed-loop, solar-operated (or other energy source) system irrigates crops by condensing air / soil humidity on the external surface of pipes. Water is cooled in an insulated water tank to below dew point temperatures. Then the chilled water is circulated through pipes in the field or greenhouse that are placed on the ground surface and / or in the soil at the plant's average root depth. The humidity that condenses on the pipes flows by gravity to the soil, irrigating and cooling the plants. In many cases, no additional irrigation is required to maintain plant survival and food production.

[0007] In another implementation, disclosed in an article published on line in 15 May 2018 (https ; / / vpy .abc .pptau / ne w^rural / 201.8-05 - 1 S / te^nology-irrigatingmiggis-wi th- water, stored in an insulated water tank, is pumped through pipes throughout the crop; cold water condenses moisture in the air on the outside of these pipes, which drips onto the plants.

[0008] GENERAL DESCRIPTION

[0009] According to an aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, there is provided an irrigation system comprising a cooling system, a conduit system, a fluid pump system, and a condensate collection and delivery system: the fluid pump system being selectively operable for pumping a working fluid through the conduit system, at least when the working fluid is cooled by the cooling system; the conduit system comprising at least one conduit coupled to the fluid pump system and to the cooling system, the at least one conduit configured for enabling the working fluid to flow therein responsive to operation of the fluid pump system, the at least one conduit having an outer surface in thermal communication with the working fluid at least in operation of the irrigation system, the outer surface being configured to facilitate condensation of water vapor from surrounding air thereon in operation of the irrigation system to thereby produce water condensate; the cooling system being selectively operable for cooling the working fluid to a predetermined temperature sufficient such as to induce a surface temperature on said outer surface that is below a dew point of surrounding atmospheric air, to thereby enable the water condensate to be condensed on the outer surface of the at least one conduit; the condensate collection and delivery system being coupled to said conduit system, and operative for collecting the water condensate from the at least one conduit, and for selectively delivering the thereby collected water condensate to a watering zone to thereby irrigate the watering zone with at least a portion of the collected water condensate.

[0010] In at least some examples, said at least one conduit has at least a portion thereof at least partially inclined in a non-horizontal manner to thereby gravitationally direct water condensate, formed on the outer surface in operation of the irrigation system, toward the condensate collection and delivery system.

[0011] Additionally or alternatively, for example, said collection and delivery system comprises an inlet arrangement, an outlet arrangement, and at least one collection chamber, the inlet arrangement being coupled with respect to the conduit system and configured for enabling the collected water condensate to pass therethrough and into the collection chamber, the outlet arrangement configured for being in proximity to at least one area of interest in the watering zone and configured for enabling the collected water condensate to selectively pass therethrough from the collection chamber and out of the collection and delivery system, the collection chamber defining a collection volume for enabling accommodating therein the collected water condensate.

[0012] Additionally or alternatively, for example, the collection and delivery system comprises a trough member comprising side walls, a bottom wall and an open top, the open top defining the inlet arrangement, the side walls and bottom walls defining therebetween the collection chamber, and wherein the bottom wall comprises the outlet arrangement. For example, said outlet arrangement comprises at least one aperture formed in said bottom wall, the aperture being dimensioned to allow collected water condensate to flow therethrough as droplets under gravity; alternatively, for example, said outlet arrangement comprises at least one aperture formed in said bottom wall and at least one corresponding drip emitter fluidly coupled to said aperture, the drip emitter comprising an inlet opening coupled with said aperture to receive water condensate from the collection chamber through the aperture, an outlet spaced from the intake through which the water condensate is discharged, said drip emitter comprising a labyrinth path for the collected water condensate to navigate, to thus drip at a controlled rate.

[0013] Additionally or alternatively, for example, the inlet arrangement comprises at least one inlet port, wherein said at least one conduit comprises a lower conduit portion, and wherein said collection and delivery system comprises at least one collection chamber positioned beneath each respective lower conduit portion, each said collection chamber comprising a container volume defining at least a portion of the collection volume, and each collection container comprising an open upper end defining a respective said inlet port and configured to receive the water condensate from the lower conduit portion. For example, the irrigation system comprises a plurality of said conduits, each having a respective lower conduit portion, and a plurality of said collection containers, wherein at least one collection container is positioned to receive water condensate from two or more said lower conduit portions. For example, said collection container comprises a lower end spaced opposite said open upper end, said lower end comprising a bottom wall of the container, wherein said outlet arrangement comprises at least one aperture formed in said bottom wall, the aperture being dimensioned to allow collected water condensate to flow therethrough, and having a cross section configured to restrict flow and facilitate dripping under gravitational force; alternatively, for example, at least one of said at least one collection chamber comprises a bottom wall at a lower end thereof spaced opposite said open upper end, wherein said outlet arrangement comprises at least one aperture formed in said bottom wall, and a drip emitter coupled to the collection container such that an intake of the drip emitter is in fluid communication with said aperture, the drip emitter comprising an intake aligned with said aperture to receive water condensate flowing from the collection chamber through the aperture, said drip emitter configured to discharge the water condensate in drips therefrom, the drip emitter comprising a flowregulating structure to facilitate said controlled dripping.

[0014] Additionally or alternatively, for example, said collection chamber is thermally insulated.

[0015] Additionally or alternatively, for example, said outlet arrangement is positioned in alignment with a location of a vegetation in said watering zone, and wherein said outlet arrangement is operable to deliver the collected water condensate to said location. For example, said collection and delivery system comprises a slow water release mechanism configured to gradually dispense collected water condensate. Additionally, for example, said slow water release mechanism comprises a dripping tube having a tube inlet coupled to said to said collection chamber, and a tube outlet located gravitationally beneath said tube inlet, to permit water condensate to pass therethrough under the influence of gravity, and drip from said tube outlet, said tube outlet constituting at least a part of said outlet arrangement.

[0016] Additionally or alternatively, for example, said slow water release mechanism comprises an electrically actuable valve coupled to a controller, the controller being configured to operate the valve to selectively open the valve to thereby deliver the collected water condensate to the watering zone, according to predetermined criteria. For example, said controller comprises a timer, and wherein the controller is configured to operate the electrically actuable valve to open during daylight hours and to remain closed during nighttime hours. Additionally or alternatively, for example, the collection chamber comprises a fluid level sensor operatively coupled to the controller, the controller being configured to actuate the valve in response to signals from the fluid level sensor such that when the collected water condensate reaches a threshold level, the valve is opened to permit release, and when the fluid level is below the threshold, the valve is closed or operated at a reduced opening rate.

[0017] Additionally or alternatively, for example, the at least one conduit comprises an inclined conduit portion, wherein said inclined conduit portion comprises at least a lower portion located gravitationally beneath at least a majority of the inclined portion adjacent the lower portion, and said inlet arrangement comprises at least one inlet opening located gravitationally beneath said lower portion, said inlet opening configured to receive said condensate.

[0018] Additionally or alternatively, for example, said conduit is arranged along a row of vegetation entities in a spiral configuration.

[0019] Additionally or alternatively, for example, wherein said conduit is arranged along a row of vegetation entities in a generally linear configuration.

[0020] Additionally or alternatively, for example, said conduit comprises a continuous tube or a plurality of discrete conduit portions connected to one another.

[0021] Additionally or alternatively, for example, said conduit is formed from flexible materials, and comprises a plurality of alternating peaks and troughs formed by suspending or hanging portions of the conduit.

[0022] Additionally or alternatively, for example, said conduit is formed from rigid materials and comprises a preformed shape including a plurality of alternating peaks and troughs along its length. Additionally or alternatively, for example, at least a portion of said at least one conduit is thermally insulated. For example, said at least one thermally insulated portion of the conduit comprises a thermally insulating jacket overlying said portion of said conduit. Additionally or alternatively, for example, the irrigation system comprises a plurality of thermally insulated portions intercalated with a plurality of non-insulated portions. Additionally or alternatively, for example, said collection and delivery system comprises at least one inlet port positioned below a non-insulated portion of said conduit, said inlet being configured to receive water condensate formed on said non-insulated portion.

[0023] Additionally or alternatively, for example, said conduit comprises a material having a low-friction surface to facilitate directional flow of condensate toward said collection container.

[0024] Additionally or alternatively, for example, said outer surface of the conduit comprises a hydrophobic material or hydrophobic coating configured to promote droplet formation and run-off of condensate.

[0025] Additionally or alternatively, for example, said conduit comprises a plurality of ribs formed on its outer surface. For example, said ribs are formed in a selected cross- sectional shape, including one or more of: triangular, semicircular, or trapezoidal. Additionally or alternatively, for example, said ribs are formed in projections from said conduit, including one or more of: axially extending ribs, annular rings, and a helical projection.

[0026] Additionally or alternatively, for example, said conduit system comprises a height adjustment mechanism configured to enable selectively varying a relative vertical spacing between at least a portion of said at least one conduit and the watering zone. For example, said height adjustment mechanism comprises a fastening structure operable to secure said conduit at one or more selected vertical spacings. For example, said height adjustment mechanism comprises a telescopic support structure configured to extend and retract to vary the vertical spacing, and wherein said height adjustment mechanism includes a locking element operable to fix said conduit at a selected extended position. Additionally or alternatively, for example, said collection and distribution container comprises a collection tank having an interior and an open top open to the surrounding air, and said at least one conduit passes through said collection tank, said interior configured to receive water condensate formed on the outer surface of the at least one conduit. For example, said collection and distribution system comprises a drip irrigation system in communication with said collection tank, said drip irrigation comprising at least one tube having at least one drip emitter extending therefrom, and at least one pump operable to circulate water through the tube.

[0027] According to a second aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter there is provided a method for irrigating a watering zone, comprising: providing the irrigation system as defined herein regarding the first aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, and operating the irrigation system by: o operating the cooling system to cool the working fluid to a temperature sufficient to induce a surface temperature on an outer surface of at least one conduit that is below a dew point of surrounding atmospheric air; o operating the fluid pump system to circulate the working fluid through the conduit system; and o collecting water condensate from the outer surface of the at least one conduit, and selectively operating the collection and delivery system to deliver at least a portion of the collected water condensate to the watering zone.

[0028] For example, the method further comprises operating the collection and delivery system in a first operating regime in which water condensate formed on the outer surface of the at least one conduit passes through said inlet arrangement and into said collection chamber.

[0029] Additionally or alternatively, for example, the method further comprises the step of operating the collection and delivery system in a second operating regime in which water condensate collected in the collection chamber is delivered to the watering zone via said outlet arrangement.

[0030] Additionally or alternatively, for example, the method further comprises selectively opening and closing said electrically actuable valve of the collection and delivery system using said controller. For example, the method further comprises operating the valve to open during daylight hours and to remain closed during nighttime hours; alternatively, for example, the method further comprises selectively operating the valve to open or close according to desired irrigation protocols.

[0031] Additionally or alternatively, for example, the method further comprises: allowing the fluid level sensor to sense a fluid level in the collection chamber and sending a signal indicative of the sensed fluid level to the controller; and said controller receiving the signal from the fluid level sensor and operating the electrically actuable valve in response thereto, whereby if the sensed fluid level has exceeded a predetermined threshold, the valve is opened or operated at an increased rate to release the collected water condensate, and if the sensed fluid level is below the predetermined threshold, the valve is closed or operated at a reduced opening rate.

[0032] Additionally or alternatively, for example, the collection and delivery system comprises a slow water release mechanism, said method further comprising gradually dispensing the collected water condensate from the collection chamber to the watering zone using said slow water release mechanism.

[0033] Additionally or alternatively, for example, said irrigation system further comprises a secondary water reservoir operatively coupled to the collection and delivery system, the method further comprising: providing a fluid level sensor in the collection chamber; said fluid level sensor sensing a fluid level in the collection chamber and sending a signal indicative of said fluid level to said controller; and operating the controller to cause the collection and delivery system to switch from delivering water condensate to delivering water from the water reservoir or mains water source when the sensed fluid level in the collection chamber is below a predetermined threshold.

[0034] For example, the method further comprises: providing a humidity sensor operatively coupled to the controller; said humidity sensor sensing ambient humidity and sending a signal to said controller; operating said controller to cause the collection and delivery system to switch from delivering water condensate to delivering water from the water reservoir or mains water source when the sensed ambient humidity is below a predetermined threshold.

[0035] A feature of at least one example of the presently disclosed subject matter is that a system and method is provided for utilizing humidity from the air in the form of condensation for irrigation needs.

[0036] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to better understand the subject matter that is disclosed herein and to exemplify how it may be carried out in practice, examples will now be described, by way of non-limiting example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0038] Fig. 1 schematically illustrates in top view an irrigation system according to a first example of the presently disclosed subject matter.

[0039] Fig. 2 schematically illustrates in side view the example of Fig. 1.

[0040] Fig. 3 schematically illustrates a detailed view of in the example of Fig. 1.

[0041] Fig. 4 schematically illustrates in side view an alternative variation of the example ofFig. 1..

[0042] Fig. 5 schematically illustrates in side view another alternative variation of the example of Fig. 1.

[0043] FIG. 6A schematically illustrates in side view another alternative variation of the example of Fig. 1; Fig. 6B shows in cross-sectional view the example of Fig. 6A taken along B-B; Fig. 6C shows in cross-sectional view an alternative variation of the example of Fig. 6B; Fig. 6D shows in cross-sectional view another alternative variation of the example ofFig. 6B.

[0044] FIG. 7A schematically illustrates in side view an alternative variation of the example ofFig. 1; Fig. 7B schematically illustrates in side view the example ofFig. 7A. FIG. 8A schematically illustrates in side view an alternative variation of the example of Fig. 1; Fig. 8B schematically illustrates in cross-sectional view the example of Fig. 8 A taken along D-D.

[0045] FIG. 9A schematically illustrates in side view an alternative variation of the example of Fig. 1; Fig. 9B schematically illustrates in cross-sectional view the example of Fig. 8 A taken along E-E.

[0046] FIG. 10 schematically illustrates in side view another alternative variation of the example of Fig. 1.

[0047] FIG. 11 schematically illustrates in side view another alternative variation of the example of Fig. 1.

[0048] FIG. 12 schematically illustrates in side view another alternative variation of the example of Fig. 1.

[0049] FIG. 13 schematically illustrates in side view a portion of another alternative variation of the example of Fig. 1.

[0050] FIG. 14A schematically illustrates in side view a conduit according to an example of the presently disclosed subject matter; Fig. 14B schematically illustrates in cross- sectional view the example of Fig. 14A taken along F-F.

[0051] FIG. 15A schematically illustrates in side view a conduit according to another example of the presently disclosed subject matter; Fig. 15B schematically illustrates in cross-sectional view the example of Fig. 15A taken along G-G.

[0052] FIG. 16A schematically illustrates in side view a conduit according to another example of the presently disclosed subject matter; Fig. 16B schematically illustrates in cross-sectional view the example of Fig. 16A taken along F-F.

[0053] FIG. 17A schematically illustrates in cross-sectional view a duct according to an example of the presently disclosed subject matter; FIG. 17B schematically illustrates in cross-sectional view an alternative variation of the duct example of Fig. 17A.

[0054] FIG. 18 schematically illustrates in isometric view of a water collection tank according to an example of the presently disclosed subject matter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, an irrigation system according to a first example of the presently disclosed subject matter, generally designated 10, comprises a cooling system 100, a conduit system 200, a fluid pump system 300, and a condensate collection and delivery system 500.

[0056] The cooling system 100, the conduit system 200, and the fluid pump system 300, together provide a water condensation system 400.

[0057] Herein the term "vegetation" includes one or more of: plants, trees, shrubs, bushes, vines, flowers and so on, in any combination or permutation.

[0058] Herein the term "vegetation entity" refers to a single one, or a cluster of, any one of plants, trees, shrubs, bushes, vines, flowers and so on, in any combination or permutation.

[0059] As will become clearer herein, the irrigation system 10 (also referred to interchangeably herein as an irrigation by condensation system), operates to produce water condensate from moisture (also interchangeably referred to herein as atmospheric moisture, or as water vapor, or as atmospheric water vapor, or as atmospheric humidity) in surrounding atmospheric air, to collect the water condensate WC, and to control the delivery of such collected water condensate CWC to a watering zone GZ that it is desired to irrigate with the irrigation system 10.

[0060] Herein, a watering zone includes any zone that includes a suitable substrate or other media for enabling growth of vegetation, and which requires water for such growth. Accordingly such a watering zone can include a ground zone having earth, or hydroponic setups, or grow bags, and so on.

[0061] The fluid pump system 300 is selectively operable for pumping a working fluid WE through the conduit system 200 at least when the working fluid WE is cooled by the cooling system 100. For example, such a working fluid WE is a liquid, typically water, but can instead include any other fluid that is suitable for being cooled and at the same time flowable in the conduit system 200, and that is further suitable of absorbing heat energy from the atmosphere via the conduit system 200. The conduit system 200 comprises one or more conduits 210 coupled to the fluid pump system 300 and to the cooling system 100. For example, the one or more conduits 210 have respective inlet end arrangement 212 including respective inlet ends, or a collective inlet end (for example connected to the one or more conduits 210 via a suitable first manifold) operatively coupled to an output end 310 of the fluid pump system 300. Furthermore, the one or more conduits 210 have respective outlet end arrangement 214 including respective outlet ends, or a collective outlet end (for example connected to the one or more conduits 210 via a suitable second manifold) operatively coupled to an input end 312 of the fluid pump system 300.

[0062] In at least this example, the conduits 210 can be provided in any desired spatial orientation, for example nominally horizontally, or in which at least some parts of the conduits 210 are inclined to the horizonal, i.e., are inclined in a non-horizontal manner, as will be disclosed in further detail herein.

[0063] For example, the fluid pump system 300 comprises one or more fluid pumps, for example one or more of a centrifugal pump, peristaltic pump, or diaphragm pump.

[0064] In at least some examples of an irrigation system according to the presently disclosed subject matter, the fluid pump system 300 comprises a single fluid pump that can be used to circulate the working fluid WF through the conduit system 200. In yet other examples, wherein the conduit system 200 comprises at least two conduits 210, the fluid pump system 300 comprises two or more fluid pumps, each operatively coupled to a corresponding conduit 210 or to a subset of conduits, to support distribution of working fluid across different zones of the conduit system 200.

[0065] In some examples of the presently disclosed subject matter, including at least the example of Fig. 1, the fluid pump system 300 is configured to draw working fluid WF from the output of the cooling system 100, and to pump the working fluid WF through the conduit system 200. In such examples, the cooling system 100 can comprise a cooled reservoir, for example a reservoir containing a cooled liquid, wherein the outlet end arrangement 214 of the conduit system is connected to the cooled reservoir so that water circulated through the conduit system 200 enters the cooled reservoir. In other examples of the presently disclosed subject matter, the respective irrigation system can comprise a cooling system 100 configured to cool the working fluid WF in-line, immediately prior to its delivery through the conduit system 200. In such cases, the fluid pump system 300 can draw fluid from a non-cooled reservoir or other source, and direct the drawn fluid through the cooling system 100, such as a chiller, heat exchanger, or thermoelectric cooling unit, before the cooled fluid enters the conduit system 200.

[0066] As will become clearer herein, each conduit 210 has an outer surface 220 in thermal communication with the working fluid WF, at least in operation of the irrigation system 10.

[0067] The outer surface 220 is configured to facilitate condensation of water vapor, that can be present in surrounding atmospheric air, onto the outer surface 220 in operation of the irrigation system 10, to thereby produce water condensate WC.

[0068] For example, the outer surfaces 220, and also the respective conduits 210, can be made from a metal, for example aluminum, stainless steel, copper, brass and so on, or can be made from a non-metallic materials, for example a suitable polymer, for example any one of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PE (polyethylene), PEX (cross-linked polyethylene), or PP (polypropylene). The outer surface of the conduit can optionally comprise a material having a low-friction surface to facilitate directional flow of condensate thereon. Additionally or alternatively, the outer surface of the conduit can optionally comprise a hydrophobic material or hydrophobic coating configured to promote droplet formation and run-off of the water condensate.

[0069] The conduits 210 are configured for enabling the working fluid WF to flow through the conduits 210 responsive to operation of the fluid pump system 300. For example, each conduit can be in the form of a pipe or a cluster of pipes, each having one or more internal lumens through which the working fluid WF can flow under the action of the fluid pump system 300. In some examples, the conduits 210 can be formed with thin walls to increase thermal conductivity through the walls of the conduits 210. The resulting reduced thermal resistance of the walls can facilitate ongoing heat transfer from the surrounding ambient air into the colder working fluid WF during operation of the condensation system 400 by maintaining the outer surface Ts of the conduit 210 within a desired temperature range. The cooling system 100 is selectively operable for cooling the working fluid WF to a predetermined temperature TO sufficient such as to induce a surface temperature Ts on the outer surfaces 220 of the conduits 210. The surface temperature Ts is below a dew point of the surrounding atmospheric air, and thus the cooling of the outer surfaces 220 to below the dew point thereby enables water condensate from the water vapor in the air to be condensed on the outer surfaces 220 to thereby provide water condensate WC.

[0070] The dew point is the temperature at which the air becomes saturated with water vapor, such that any further cooling below this temperature causes the water vapor to condense into liquid water. The dew point is a function of relative humidity, i.e., the measure of how much water vapor is present in the air compared to the maximum amount the air can hold at a given temperature, and air temperature. In typical outdoor environments, relative humidity follows a daily cycle, generally rising during the night and early morning when air temperatures are lower, and falling during the day as temperatures increase.

[0071] The surface temperature Ts is maintained within a suitable range during operation of the irrigation system 10 and in particular during operation of the condensation system 400 per se. For example, such a temperature range can be from about 5 °C to about 17 °C, which is typically sufficient to remain below the ambient dew point under moderate to high relative humidity conditions, such as when the relative humidity is approximately 60% to 90% and the ambient air temperature is 20 °C to 30 °C.

[0072] The irrigation system 10 can be selectively operated to take advantage of fluctuations in relative humidity and temperature, for example by adjusting the temperature of the working fluid WF accordingly, and / or by selectively operating the condensation system 400, and / or by selectively operating the condensate collection and delivery system 500 (also interchangeably referred to herein as a collection and delivery system).

[0073] For example, the cooling system 100 can comprise a cooling mechanism such as, for example, a chiller, a heat exchanger, or a thermoelectric cooling unit, as known in the art for example. In at least some examples the cooling system comprises a cooled reservoir (not shown), and such cooling mechanisms can be operated to cool the working fluid inside the reservoir. In other examples, the such cooling mechanisms are deployed in-line, and used to cool directly the recirculated working fluid. The cooling system 100 is coupled to the conduits 210 of the conduit system 200 as follows, for example. In some examples wherein the cooling system 100 comprises a cooled reservoir, the fluid pump system 300 draws pre-cooled working fluid WF from an outlet 110 of the cooling system 100 (for example, of the cooled reservoir) and delivers it to the conduit system 200. The inlet end arrangement 212 of the one or more conduits 210 is coupled to the output end 310 of the fluid pump system 300, and the outlet end arrangement 314 of the one or more conduits 210 is coupled to an inlet 112 of the cooling system 100.

[0074] In other examples, the cooling system 100 is positioned upstream of the conduit system 200 and downstream of a fluid reservoir or return flow from the outlet end arrangement 214 of the conduit system 200. In such a configuration, the fluid pump system 300 is configured to draw working fluid WF from the reservoir or return line, direct it out of the output end 310 thereof, through the cooling system 100 and through the inlet end arrangement 212 of the one or more conduit 210.

[0075] The water condensation system 400, in particular the cooling system 100 and the fluid pump system 300, are coupled to a suitable power source, which can include nonrenewable energy sources, and / or renewable energy sources, for example solar panels or wind turbines.

[0076] Referring also to Fig. 3, in at least this example, the water condensation system 400 comprises a controller 900, configured for controlling operation of at least the cooling system 100 and the fluid pump system 300. For example, the controller 900 can comprise a suitable computer system, or alternatively an electronic controller, operatively coupled to at least the cooling system 100 and the fluid pump system 300. The controller 900 has a number of input lines 910 that deliver input data to the controller 900. For example, the input lines 910 can be operatively coupled to one or more temperature sensors 930 that are coupled to the conduit system 200 and that are configured for determining the temperature of the working fluid WF and / or of the outer surfaces 220 at various locations in the irrigation system 10, for example.

[0077] In at least this example, the controller 900 also has a number of output lines 920, for example for transmitting control signals for controlling operation of at least the cooling system 100 and the fluid pump system 300. The input lines 910 and / or the output lines 920 can be physical lines, for example metallic cables and / or fiber optic cables, or can be in the form of wireless arrangement wherein the input data and / or control signals are transmitted / received wirelessly between the controller 900 and the other components of the irrigation system 10.

[0078] In at least some alternative variations of this example, the respective controller can comprise or constitute a timer mechanism, which operates to switch on or off the various components of the irrigation system 10, for example the cooling system 100 and / or the fluid pump system 300 (and / or electrically operable valves when these are comprised in the collection and delivery system 500 - see below), at predetermined times.

[0079] As will become clearer herein, the collection and delivery system 500 is coupled to the water condensation system 400, and in particular to the conduit system 200, and is operative for collecting the water condensate WC that has condensed on the outer surfaces 220 of the conduits 210. The collection and delivery system 500 is further operative for selectively delivering the thereby collected water condensate CWC to the watering zone GZ to thereby irrigate the watering zone GZ (in particular vegetation entities VE that are located at areas of interest AOI in the watering zone GZ) with at least a portion of the collected water condensate CWC.

[0080] In at least this example, and referring again to Fig. 2, the collection and delivery system 500 comprises an inlet arrangement 510, an outlet arrangement 520, and at least one collection chamber 550.

[0081] The inlet arrangement 510 is coupled with respect to the conduit system 200, and is configured for enabling the water condensate WC to pass through the inlet arrangement 510 and thus collected into the collection chamber 550 as collected water condensate CWC.

[0082] In at least some examples, the inlet arrangement 510 (optionally including the collection chamber 550 to which the inlet arrangement 510 is attached or integrally formed with) can be coupled mechanically and directly to a conduit 210. In at least some other examples, the conduit system 200 is coupled with the collection and delivery system 500 by virtue of the relative spatial disposition therebetween, but without any direct or mechanical coupling therebetween: for example the conduit system 200 can be positioned in superposed spatial relationship over the inlet arrangement 510, with at least part of the inlet arrangement 510 being gravitationally beneath a respective portion of the conduit system 200.

[0083] In at least some further examples, in which the respective collection and delivery system 500 comprises multiple collection chambers 550, each collection chamber can be coupled to a conduit 210, either in direct contact or in an adjacent position such that portions portion of the conduit system 200 are superposed over the respective collection chambers.

[0084] The outlet arrangement 520 is configured for being in proximity to at least one area of interest AOI in the watering zone GZ, and the outlet arrangement 520 is configured for enabling at least some of the collected water condensate CWC to selectively pass through the outlet arrangement 520 from the collection chamber 550, and out of the collection and delivery system 500, to thereby irrigate the watering zone GZ.

[0085] Such an area of interest AOI can include for example one or more vegetation entities VE, that are in seed form within the ground in the watering zone GZ, or that are already sprouting, or that are in various stages of growth.

[0086] The collection container 550 defines therein a collection volume V for enabling accommodating therein the collected water condensate CWC.

[0087] The irrigation system 10 can be selectively operated in a number of ways.

[0088] For example, the water condensation system 400 can optionally be operated concurrently with operation of the collection and delivery system 500, so that water condensate WC is provided to the watering zone GZ nominally as soon as it is produced by the water condensation system 400.

[0089] Alternatively, for example, the water condensation system 400 can be operated independently, and optionally at different times, with respect to the collection and delivery system 500. Thus for example, water condensate WC can be produced by the water condensation system 400, for example at optimal times to maximize water condensate yield, and the water condensate WC is then collected and stored by the collection and delivery system 500. On the other hand, the collection and delivery system 500 can be operated at other optimal times to maximize the irrigation effect of the water condensate WC on the watering zone GZ. Optionally, the controller 900 can be operatively coupled to a humidity (or atmospheric moisture) sensor (not shown), to thereby enable the controller 900 to limit operation of the water condensation system 400 to conditions in which the air humidity is above a minimum predetermined threshold, as the expected yield of water condensate is in such conditions below a minimum threshold, and thus it can be uneconomic to operate the irrigation system 10. Particularly to provide an irrigation solution for such eventualities, and referring again to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the irrigation system 10 can optionally be coupled to an alternative water source, for example a water main or an additional water reservoir 800, so that water from such sources can be utilized when particularly dry conditions occur. In such cases, for example, the collection and delivery system 500 can optionally be further configured to supply surplus water condensate WC to the water reservoir 800 under conditions in which the water condensation system 400 produces more water condensate than is required for immediate irrigation needs, such that the surplus water can be used during dry periods.

[0090] Further optionally, the water reservoir 800 can be configured for operating as a mixing tank, mixing therein water condensate WC produced by the water condensation system 400 with water from another water source, for example an aquifer. For example, the other water source can have a salinity that is higher than the water condensate WC, and such a level of salinity can be considered undesirable. The water reservoir 800 operating as a mixing tank can be selectively operated to mix the low (or zero) salinity water condensate WC with the relatively higher salinity water from the other source, to thereby reduce the overall salinity in the water mixture, after which the water mixture can be used for irrigation, for example. In this manner, the irrigation system 10 operates to enable relatively large volumes of water from the other water source to be used for irrigation, by mixing therewith the water condensate WC produced by the water condensation system 400.

[0091] For example, in particularly arid areas in which day temperatures are significantly higher than night temperatures, the controller 900 can be programmed to operate the condensation system 400 primarily at night to thereby maximize the yield of water condensate WC during such periods; alternatively, the controller 900 can be programmed to operate the condensation system 400, 24 hours a day, for example every day, or at certain selected times, for example using a timer arrangement. The water condensation system 400 can be selectively operated, for example as follows.

[0092] When the controller 900 determines that operation of the condensation system 400 is to commence, for example by receiving a suitable start command, the cooling system 100 is operated by the controller 900 to lower the temperature of the working fluid WF, and the fluid pump system 300 is operated to circulate the working fluid WF in the conduit system 200. Temperature data from the temperature sensors 930 is monitored by the controller 900, which then operates the cooling system 100 to maintain the temperature Ts of the outer surfaces at a desired level below the dew point.

[0093] Under these conditions, atmospheric vapor (when present) naturally condenses over the outer surfaces 220 as water condensate WC, which then drips onto and is collected by the collection and delivery system 500 via the inlet arrangement 510.

[0094] The collection and delivery system 500 has a first operating regime OR1 in which the collection and delivery system 500 operates to receive the water condensate WC via the inlet arrangement 510, and to collect and store the water condensate in the collection chamber 550. In at least this example, the first operating regime OR1 of the collection and delivery system 500 occurs in a natural or passive manner, in which water condensate WC essentially drips under gravity into the inlet arrangement 510, and thence into the collection chamber 550.

[0095] The collection and delivery system 500 has a second operating regime OR2 in which the collection and delivery system 500 operates to deliver the collected water condensate CWC in the collection chamber 550 to the watering zone GZ, and in particular to the area of interest AOI, via the outlet arrangement 520, to thereby irrigate the vegetation entities thereat.

[0096] In at least some examples, the second operating regime OR2 of the collection and delivery system 500 occurs in a natural or passive manner. In such examples, the collected water condensate CWC essentially drips in a controlled manner under gravity out of the outlet arrangement 520, and thence onto the watering zone GZ. Such examples can include cases in which the outlet arrangement 520 comprises a suitable slow water-release mechanism configured to gradually dispense collected water condensate, for example a drip irrigation arrangement such as, for example, at least a drip emitter which provides a labyrinth path for the collected water condensate CWC to navigate, thereby causing the water condensate to drip slowly from the outlet arrangement 520 and onto the watering zone GZ.

[0097] By slow water release is meant a release of water that causes controlled or metered amount of water to be released, for example particular volume flow rates, for example according to according to desired irrigation protocols.

[0098] Further examples of such a drip irrigation arrangement can include at least one dripping tube. The dripping tube has a tube inlet coupled to said to the collection chamber 550, and a tube outlet located gravitationally beneath said tube inlet, to permit water condensate to pass therethrough under the influence of gravity, and drip from said tube outlet. The dripping tube has a diameter narrow enough such that surface tension forces at least partially counteract gravitational flow, thus reducing the amount of water flowing therethrough, sufficiently to pass through as discrete drops rather than a continuous stream.

[0099] In some alternative examples, and referring to Fig. 6B, the outlet arrangement 520 can comprise at least one aperture 522 formed in a wall of the collection chamber 550, the aperture 522 being dimensioned with a sufficiently small cross-sectional area 524 such that surface tension forces at least partially counteract gravitational flow. This balance resists continuous flow and causes the collected water to accumulate and be released in discrete droplets. If the cross-sectional area 524 of the aperture 522 were appreciably larger, surface tension would no longer sufficiently resist flow, resulting in a stream of fluid flow via the aperture 522. An aperture 522 with such a critical dimensional threshold is herein referred to as a flow-limiting aperture.

[0100] In at least some other examples, the second operating regime OR2 of the collection and delivery system 500 occurs in an active manner, under the control of controller 900, for example. In such examples, the outlet arrangement 520 includes a control mechanism for actively and selectively controlling the flow of water condensate WC through the outlet arrangement 520. For example, such a control mechanism can include electrically operable valves, operatively coupled to the controller 900, and which operate to close, partially open, or fully open the flow through the outlet arrangement 520. For example, the controller 900 can be configured for selectively operating the valve to open or close according to desired irrigation protocols.

[0101] Thus, the amount and timing of collected water condensate CWC that exits the outlet arrangement 520 and thence onto the watering zone GZ, are provided in a controlled manner. In such examples, the collection and delivery system 500 further comprises an active slow water-release mechanism. The active slow water-release mechanism can comprise the electrically operable valve 900. The controller 900 is in such examples configured to actuate the valve at selected times, thereby regulating the discharge of collected water condensate CWC in a temporally controlled manner. For instance, the valve can be commanded to open intermittently throughout daylight hours to allow gradual release of condensate onto the watering zone GZ, while remaining closed, or opening at a less frequent rate, during nighttime hours to conserve water. Additionally, when the collection chamber is equipped with a fluid level sensor operatively connected to the controller 900, the system can dynamically adjust the valve's operation based on real-time levels of water condensate in the collection chamber. For example, if the collected water condensate level reaches a predetermined threshold indicative of a full chamber, the controller 900 can command a longer or more frequent opening of the valve. Conversely, if the level is low, the controller can activate the valve following a reduced duty cycle to prolong water availability.

[0102] Referring to Fig. 4, in an alternative variation of the examples of Figs. 1 to 3, the at least one conduit 210 has at least a portion 202 thereof at least partially inclined to the horizontal, i.e., in a non-horizontal manner, to thereby gravitationally direct water condensate WC, formed on the outer surfaces 220 in operation of the irrigation system 10, toward the condensate collection and delivery system 500. The inclined portion 202 of the conduit 210 extends along axis CA, which is inclined at a non-zero inclination angle 0 relative to an imaginary horizontal axis H. The inlet arrangement 510 of the condensate collection and delivery system 500 is at least spatially coupled to the conduit 210 such that it is located gravitationally beneath the conduit 210.

[0103] For example, the inclination angle 0 can be in the range between about 10° and 90°, or for example in the range between about 20° and 80°, or for example in the range between about 30° and 60°. Referring to Figs. 5 and 6A, in two alternative variations of the conduit system and collection and delivery system illustrated in Fig. 4, the conduit 210 has at least a portion 202 inclined to the horizontal, i.e., in a non-horizontal manner, to thereby gravitationally direct water condensate WC, formed on the outer surfaces 220 in operation of the irrigation system 10, toward the condensate collection and delivery system 500. In each of these examples, the condensate collection and delivery system 500 comprises a respective inlet arrangement 510 coupled to the respective inclined portion 202 of the conduit 210, and an outlet arrangement 520 positioned in proximity to a designated area of interest (AOI) in the watering zone. The outlet arrangement 520 is configured to enable selective delivery of the collected water condensate to the area of interest AOI.

[0104] In the example of Fig. 5, the condensate collection and delivery system 500 comprises an inlet arrangement 510 that is coupled to the inclined portion 202 of the conduit 210, and the collection chamber 550 is oriented horizontally. In some such examples, a drip edge can be formed on the conduit at the predetermined locations, to facilitate dripping into one or more inlet port of the inlet arrangement.

[0105] In the example of Fig. 6A, the condensate collection and delivery system 500 comprises an inlet arrangement 510 that is coupled to the inclined portion 202 of the conduit 210, and the collection chamber 550 follows the contour of the conduit 210. In some such examples, the collection chamber 550 is closed at the top to prevent unwanted spillage due to the inclined geometry of the collection chamber,

[0106] Referring to Fig. 6D, the at least one collection chamber can be coupled with the conduit system directly, for example by fasteners such as plastic ties for example, and / or by coupling elements protruding from the at least one conduit, and / or by welding or adhesive connection, and / or by any other suitable connector or connecting method. Alternatively, the collection chamber(s) can be coupled with the conduit system in terms of spatial proximity, and the collection chamber(s) can be positioned beneath the conduits at desired spacings, without being mechanically connected directly to the collection chamber(s).

[0107] For example, in the examples illustrated in Figs. 5, 6, 6B, and 6C, the collection chambers are mechanically suspended above the watering zone GZ by a suspension arrangement. For example, the suspension arrangement can comprise bridges or other support structures from which the collection chambers 550 are suspended. For example, the collection and delivery systema 500 in the examples illustrated in Fig. 5 can each include a collection chamber 550, comprising side walls, a bottom wall, and an open top. The open top in at least this example provides at least a portion of the inlet arrangement 510, enabling water condensate to enter the collection chamber from the conduit 210 directly under gravity. The bottom wall includes at least a portion of the outlet arrangement 520. Together, the side walls and bottom wall define the collection volume V, which is thus configured to accommodate and temporarily retain the collected water condensate CWC.

[0108] In any of the above examples, the respective collection chamber can optionally be thermally insulated.

[0109] In at least the example of Fig. 6A, the collection and delivery systema 500 can be configured in a number of alternative ways.

[0110] For example, and referring to Fig. 6B, the collection chamber 550 is formed as a trough-like structure 501 comprising two side walls 512, a bottom wall 514, and an open top 516. The open top 516 provides at least a portion of the inlet arrangement 510, enabling condensate to enter the chamber from the conduit 210. Together, the side walls 512 and bottom wall 514 define a collection volume V configured to accommodate and temporarily retain the collected water condensate CWC.

[0111] The bottom wall 514 includes at least a portion of the outlet arrangement 520, which in this example comprises at least one flow restricting aperture 552.

[0112] In at least one alternative variation of the example of Fig. 6B, and referring to Fig. 6C, the outlet arrangement 520 comprises a labyrinth path 519 for the collected water condensate to navigate, to thereby drip at a controlled rate onto the watering zone GZ.

[0113] In at least another alternative variation of the example of Fig. 6B, and referring to Fig. 6D, the collection chamber 550 comprises two trough members 501 having an arcuate cross section. Each trough member 501 comprises two side walls integrally formed with a bottom wall therebetween, and an open top. The collection and delivery system 500 in this example also comprises an outlet arrangement 520, which can comprise at least one flowrestricting aperture as described with reference to Fig. 6B, or at least one drip emitter as described with reference to Fig. 6C, or a combination thereof. Fig. 7A illustrates schematically illustrates an alternative variation of the example illustrated in Fig. 4, wherein at least one conduit 210 comprises a plurality of lower conduit portions 230, and the collection and delivery system 500 comprises a plurality of corresponding collection chambers 550, each positioned beneath a respective lower conduit portion 230. The collection and delivery system 500 comprises an inlet arrangement 510 comprising at least an inlet port 511 located gravitationally beneath a respective lower portion 230, the inlet port 511 configured to receive water condensate WC therethrough and directing the water condensate into the respective chamber 550.

[0114] Referring also to Fig. 7B, the outlet arrangement 520 can comprise at least one aperture, or a drip irrigation arrangement according to any of the examples described above, mutatis mutandis.

[0115] Fig. 8A illustrates schematically illustrates an alternative variation of the example illustrated in Fig. 7A, in which at least one conduit 210 is arranged in a spiral configuration with respect to the watering zone GZ. In this example, the spiral is arranged along a row of vegetation entities in a generally linear configuration, i.e., it extends along an axis S, which is parallel to the axis X along which a row of vegetation entities VE extends in the watering zone GZ. The spiral configuration provides the conduit 210 with a plurality of lower conduit portions 230, and the collection and delivery system 500 comprises a plurality of corresponding collection chambers 550, each positioned beneath a respective lower conduit portion 230. The collection and delivery system 500 comprises an inlet arrangement 510 comprising at least an inlet port 511 located gravitationally beneath a respective lower portion 230, the inlet port 511 configured to receive water condensate WC therethrough and directing the water condensate into the respective chamber 550.

[0116] Referring also to Fig. 8B, the outlet arrangement 520 can comprise at least one aperture, or a drip irrigation arrangement according to any of the examples described above, mutatis mutandis. Water condensate Condensing over the conduits 210 drips along the sides of the spiral to the lower conduit portion 230 and then into the inlet opening of the respective chamber 550.

[0117] Referring to Fig. 9A, in another alternative variation of the examples of Figs. 7A to 8B, the respective conduit system 200 comprises two parallel conduits 210, each having alternating peaks 270 and troughs or lower portions 230. referring also to Fig. 9B, the respective inlet arrangement 510 comprises an inlet port 511 is underlying the lower portions 230 of the two different but parallel conduits to receive water condensate from each of them. In other examples, each lower portion can be associated with a single collection chamber, while in further examples every lower portion can be associated with a single shared collection chamber.

[0118] Referring to Fig. 9A, in an alternative variation of the examples of Figs. 7A to 8B, the respective collection and delivery system 500 comprises an inlet arrangement 510 , wherein a single inlet port 511 is underlying two lower portions 230 of the same conduit 210, in series, to receive water condensate from each of them.

[0119] The undulating, or spiral configuration of the conduit(s) of the examples of Figs. 7A to 10 can be formed in a number of ways, according to the presently disclosed subj ect matter, for example as follows.

[0120] In some examples, such as that illustrated in Fig. 8A, at least one conduit is formed from a flexible material, and the spiral formation is formed by hanging or suspending portions of the conduit, from a suspension arrangement 290. The suspension arrangement 290 can comprise, for example a rope extending above the surface and along the watering zone GZ. Similarly, in some examples of the presently disclosed subject matter, the contour of the conduit illustrated in Fig. 7A can be obtained by selecting a flexible material for the conduit and hanging or suspending portions of the conduit.

[0121] In other examples, such as the examples illustrated in Figs. 7A and 9A, the conduits 210 can be formed from rigid materials having a preformed shape. The preformed shape can include a plurality of alternating peaks 270 and troughs 230 along a length thereof.

[0122] In an alternative variation of the examples of Figs. 7A to 10, and referring to Fig. 11, the conduit system 200 comprises at least one conduit 210 having a plurality of conduit portions 213 connected to each other. The conduit portions 213 are flexible, and suspended from a suspension element 215 so as to form peaks 270 and troughs 230. For example, the conduit portions 213 are formed from rigid materials having a preformed shape.

[0123] In each one of the examples of Figs. 1 to 11, the conduit system 200 can optionally be partially insulated thermally. For example, and referring to Fig. 12, each conduit 210 optionally comprises at least a portion 240 which is thermally insulated. For example, the thermally insulated portion 240 of the conduit comprises a thermally insulating jacket 242 overlying said conduit 210. A plurality of thermally insulated portion 240 can be intercalated with a plurality of non-insulated portions 244. In examples wherein said collection and delivery system 500 comprises an inlet arrangement 510 comprising at least one inlet port 511, the at least one inlet port can be positioned gravitationally beneath a non-insulated portion 244 of the conduit 210. The inlet port 511 can be configured to receive condensate formed on said non-insulated portion 244.

[0124] According to an aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, and referring for example to Fig. 7A and Fig. 7B, the irrigation system 10 can comprise a height adjustment mechanism 250 configured to enable selectively varying a relative vertical spacing between at least a portion of the conduit 210 and the watering zone GZ. Such height adjustment can be performed, for example, to prevent the conduit from interfering with plant growth, or to allow unobstructed access to the watering zone GZ beneath the portion of the conduit 210.

[0125] The height adjustment mechanism 250 configured to enable selectively varying a relative vertical spacing between at least a portion of the conduit 210 and the watering zone GZ in a manual manner. Alternatively, the height adjustment mechanism 250 configured to enable selectively varying a relative vertical spacing between at least a portion of the conduit 210 and the watering zone GZ in automated manner, in which the height adjustment mechanism 250 comprises motors or other drive systems, for example, to vary such vertical spacings.

[0126] The height adjustment mechanism 250 in at least this example comprises a fastening structure 252 operable to secure said at least one conduit 210 at one or more selected vertical spacings. In some examples, the height adjustment mechanism 250 comprises a telescopic support structure configured to extend and retract to vary the vertical spacing. The telescopic structure includes a locking mechanism for locking the conduit at a selected elevation above the watering zone.

[0127] In some examples of an irrigation system according to the presently disclosed subject matter, such as those described herein regarding Figs. 1 to 12 for example, the conduit system 200 can comprise a conduit 210 optionally having a winding portion 260 that is wrapped around a stem or trunk of a vegetation entity, for example as illustrated in Fig. 13.

[0128] The conduits 210 of the examples illustrated in Figs. 1 to 13 can have a smooth outer surface 220. Alternatively, in some examples of an irrigation system according to the presently disclosed subject matter, such as those described herein regarding Figs. 1 to 13 for example, the conduit system 200 can comprise a conduit 210 optionally comprising a plurality of ribs formed on its outer surface. Thus, when the condensation system 400 is operated, these ribs can be cooled along with the outer surface 220 of the conduit 210, and thus provide a larger surface area for water condensate CW to form on.

[0129] Referring to Figs. 14A and 14B, in at least some examples such ribs can be in the form of circumferential ribs 280, for example as annular or ring elements axially spaced along the axial length of the conduit 210.

[0130] Alternatively, and referring to Figs. 15A and 15B, in at least some other examples such ribs can be in the form of axial ribs 282, for example as axial strips radially projecting from the outer surface 220 along the axial length of the conduit 210.

[0131] Alternatively, and referring to Figs. 16A and 16B, in at least some other examples such ribs can be in the form of helical ribs 284, for example as helical strips radially and axially projecting from the outer surface 220 along the axial length of the conduit 210.

[0132] In some examples, the ribs are formed having a cross-sectional shape, including one or more of: triangular, semicircular, or trapezoidal.

[0133] In at least some examples of the presently disclosed subject matter, and referring again to Fig. 3, the conduit system 200 can further comprise at least one heat exchange plate arrangement 600, which comprises at least one heat exchange plate. The conduit 210 carrying working fluid WF can be positioned adjacent to heat exchange plate arrangement 600 such that an external surface of the conduit 210 is in thermal contact with a surface of the heat exchange plate arrangement 600. Thus, in operation of the condensate system, the conduit 210 can cool the heat exchange plate arrangement, which provides a surface for water vapor to condense on to thereby provide water condensate WC In at least some examples, and referring to Fig. 17A, the heat exchange plate arrangement 600 can be in the form of a duct 610 having a closed cross-sectional profile and defining an internal volume 616. At least one conduit 210 can be fastened to an exterior surface 612 of the duct 610, for example by being received in a ridge or protrusion 614 formed on or extending from the duct 610. The protrusion 614 increases the contact area between the conduit 210 and the duct 610, thereby enhancing the rate at which the outer surface of the conduit 210 can cool the duct 610. Additionally, one or more conduits 210 can be provided within the internal volume 616 in thermal contact with the inner surface 617 of the duct 610. In such examples, the respective collection and delivery system 500 can comprise an inlet arrangement in the form of collection ducts 620.

[0134] In at least some other examples, and referring to Fig. 17B, the heat exchange plate arrangement 600 can define a duct 610' having a tapered rectangular cross section, wherein a base portion thereof has a greater width than an upper portion thereof. This configuration can increase the effective outer surface area along the inclined sidewalls, relative to a conventional rectangular duct of equivalent height, and may also provide the duct with sufficient structural stability to stand independently without additional supports. In a similar manner to that of the example of Fig. 17A, mutatis mutandis, a plurality of conduits 210 can be fastened to an exterior surface 612' of the duct 610', for example by being received in a ridge or protrusion 614' formed on or extending from the duct 610'. The protrusion 614' increases the contact area between the conduit 210 and the duct 610', thereby enhancing the rate at which the outer surface of the conduit 210 can cool the duct 610'. Optionally, one or more conduits 210 can be provided within the internal volume 616' in thermal contact with the inner surface 617' of the duct 610'. In such examples, the respective collection and delivery system 500 can comprise an inlet arrangement in the form of collection ducts 620'.

[0135] In some examples of the presently disclosed subject matter, and referring to Fig. 18, the collection and delivery system 500 comprises at least one water collection tank 700, which defines at least one respective collection chamber. The conduit system 200 can be arranged such that the condensation system 400 is operable to fill the water collection tank 700 with water condensate. The water condensate in the water collection tank 700 can be a reserve source of water for the irrigation system 10. The tank 700 can have an open top 710, to allow air from the surroundings to enter tank 700. At least one conduit 210 of the conduit system 200 passes through the tank 700. Condensation from water vapor in the air within the tank 700 can occur on the outer surfaces of the conduits 210 and fall under the influence of gravity to fill the tank 700. Optionally a fan can be installed on the tank 700 to facilitate circulation of air flow into and out of the tank.

[0136] Water condensate formed on the conduits 210 can fall under the influence of gravity to fill the tank 700. The tank 700 can optionally comprise a timer with controls programmed to allow or prohibit flow of water from the tank. At least one conduit 210 within the tank can be inclined to the horizontal, i.e., in a non-horizontal manner.

[0137] Optionally, the tank 700 can be operatively coupled to the additional water reservoir 800 via suitable piping, so that when the condensed water in the tank 700 reaches a certain upper level, additional water condensate received in the tank 700 is diverted to the additional water reservoir 800.

[0138] Optionally, the conduits 210 can be arranged with respect to the tank 700 such that at least portion of the conduits 210 is always projecting above the tank 700, so that even when the tank 700 is full of water, this portion of the conduits 210 is not submerged, and can continue to provide a cold surface for additional water condensation.

[0139] The tank can be positioned at an elevated position above the watering zone GZ and connected to the outlet arrangement 520, in the form of a drip irrigation grid 710. Under the influence of gravity, water collected in the tank 700 can flow from the tank down through the drip irrigation grid 710 to be distributed to locations of the vegetation entities VE. Alternatively, the tank 700 can be positioned at or near ground level, and a circulation pump can be used to pump water from the tank to the locations of the vegetation entities VE via drip irrigation infrastructure. Such a circulation pump can be powered by any conventional power or alternative power, such as solar power or wind power, for example. The irrigation system can further include a water filter, a timer, and / or other electronic control apparatus that can be programmed to turn on or off or control the water volume of the flow from the tank to the irrigation system according to desired schedule and climatic conditions, or other desired irrigation protocols. The control system 900 can optionally be configured for use in any of the examples disclosed herein, to draw water from the collection tank 700 and distribute it through the remainder of the collection and distribution system 500.

[0140] Each of the elements described herein with reference to any examples of the presently disclosed subject matter can be used in combination with each other in different examples of an irrigation system according to the present invention.

[0141] Finally, it should be noted that the word “comprising” as used throughout the appended claims is to be interpreted to mean “including but not limited to”.

[0142] While there have been shown and disclosed examples in accordance with the presently disclosed subject matter, it will be appreciated that many changes may be made therein without departing from the scope of the presently disclosed subject matter as set out in the claims.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. An irrigation system comprising a cooling system, a conduit system, a fluid pump system, and a condensate collection and delivery system: the fluid pump system being selectively operable for pumping a working fluid through the conduit system, at least when the working fluid is cooled by the cooling system; the conduit system comprising at least one conduit coupled to the fluid pump system and to the cooling system, the at least one conduit configured for enabling the working fluid to flow therein responsive to operation of the fluid pump system, the at least one conduit having an outer surface in thermal communication with the working fluid at least in operation of the irrigation system, the outer surface being configured to facilitate condensation of water vapor from surrounding air thereon in operation of the irrigation system to thereby produce water condensate; said at least one conduit having at least a portion thereof at least partially inclined in a non-horizontal manner to thereby gravitationally direct water condensate, formed on the outer surface in operation of the irrigation system, toward the condensate collection and delivery system; the cooling system being selectively operable for cooling the working fluid to a predetermined temperature sufficient such as to induce a surface temperature on said outer surface that is below a dew point of surrounding atmospheric air, to thereby enable the water condensate to be condensed on the outer surface of the at least one conduit; the condensate collection and delivery system being coupled to said conduit system, and operative for collecting the water condensate from the at least one conduit, and for selectively delivering the thereby collected water condensate to a watering zone to thereby irrigate the watering zone with at least a portion of the collected water condensate.

2. The irrigation system according to claim 1, wherein said collection and delivery system comprises an inlet arrangement, an outlet arrangement, and at least one collection chamber, the inlet arrangement being coupled with respect to the conduit system and configured for enabling the collected water condensate to passtherethrough and into the collection chamber, the outlet arrangement configured for being in proximity to at least one area of interest in the watering zone and configured for enabling the collected water condensate to selectively pass therethrough from the collection chamber and out of the collection and delivery system, the collection chamber defining a collection volume for enabling accommodating therein the collected water condensate.

3. The irrigation system according to claim 2, wherein the collection and delivery system comprises a trough member comprising side walls, a bottom wall and an open top, the open top defining the inlet arrangement, the side walls and bottom walls defining therebetween the collection chamber, and wherein the bottom wall comprises the outlet arrangement.

4. The irrigation system according to claim 3, wherein said outlet arrangement comprises at least one aperture formed in said bottom wall, the aperture being dimensioned to allow collected water condensate to flow therethrough as droplets under gravity.

5. The irrigation system according to claim 3, wherein said outlet arrangement comprises at least one aperture formed in said bottom wall and at least one corresponding drip emitter fluidly coupled to said aperture, the drip emitter comprising an inlet opening coupled with said aperture to receive water condensate from the collection chamber through the aperture, an outlet spaced from the intake through which the water condensate is discharged, said drip emitter comprising a labyrinth path for the collected water condensate to navigate, to thus drip at a controlled rate.

6. The irrigation system according to claim 2, wherein the inlet arrangement comprises at least one inlet port, wherein said at least one conduit comprises a lower conduit portion, and wherein said collection and delivery system comprises at least one collection chamber positioned beneath each respective lower conduit portion, each said collection chamber comprising a container volume defining at least a portion of the collection volume, and each collection container comprising an open upper enddefining a respective said inlet port and configured to receive the water condensate from the lower conduit portion.

7. The irrigation system according to claim 6, comprising a plurality of said conduits, each having a respective lower conduit portion, and a plurality of said collection containers, wherein at least one collection container is positioned to receive water condensate from two or more said lower conduit portions.

8. The irrigation system according to claim 7, wherein said collection container comprises a lower end spaced opposite said open upper end, said lower end comprising a bottom wall of the container, wherein said outlet arrangement comprises at least one aperture formed in said bottom wall, the aperture being dimensioned to allow collected water condensate to flow therethrough, and having a cross section configured to restrict flow and facilitate dripping under gravitational force.

9. The irrigation system according to claim 7, wherein at least one of said at least one collection chamber comprises a bottom wall at a lower end thereof spaced opposite said open upper end, wherein said outlet arrangement comprises at least one aperture formed in said bottom wall, and a drip emitter coupled to the collection container such that an intake of the drip emitter is in fluid communication with said aperture, the drip emitter comprising an intake aligned with said aperture to receive water condensate flowing from the collection chamber through the aperture, said drip emitter configured to discharge the water condensate in drips therefrom, the drip emitter comprising a flow-regulating structure to facilitate said controlled dripping.

10. The irrigation system according to any one of claims 2 to 9, wherein said collection chamber is thermally insulated.

11. The irrigation system according to any one of claims 2 to 10, wherein said outlet arrangement is positioned in alignment with a location of a vegetation in said watering zone, and wherein said outlet arrangement is operable to deliver the collected water condensate to said location.

12. The irrigation system according to claim 11, wherein said collection and delivery system comprises a slow water release mechanism configured to gradually dispense collected water condensate.

13. The irrigation system according to claim 12, wherein said slow water release mechanism comprises a dripping tube having a tube inlet coupled to said to said collection chamber, and a tube outlet located gravitationally beneath said tube inlet, to permit water condensate to pass therethrough under the influence of gravity, and drip from said tube outlet, said tube outlet constituting at least a part of said outlet arrangement.

14. The irrigation system according to any one of claims 2 to 9, wherein said slow water release mechanism comprises an electrically actuable valve coupled to a controller, the controller being configured to operate the valve to selectively open the valve to thereby deliver the collected water condensate to the watering zone, according to predetermined criteria.

15. The irrigation system according to claim 14, wherein said controller comprises a timer, and wherein the controller is configured to operate the electrically actuable valve to open during daylight hours and to remain closed during nighttime hours.

16. The irrigation system according to any one of claims 14 to 15, wherein the collection chamber comprises a fluid level sensor operatively coupled to the controller, the controller being configured to actuate the valve in response to signals from the fluid level sensor such that when the collected water condensate reaches a threshold level, the valve is opened to permit release, and when the fluid level is below the threshold, the valve is closed or operated at a reduced opening rate.

17. The irrigation system according to any one of claims 1 to 16, the at least one conduit comprising an inclined conduit portion, wherein said inclined conduit portion comprises at least a lower portion located gravitationally beneath at least a majority of the inclined portion adjacent the lower portion, and said inlet arrangementcomprises at least one inlet opening located gravitationally beneath said lower portion, said inlet opening configured to receive said condensate.

18. The irrigation system according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein said conduit is arranged along a row of vegetation entities in a spiral configuration.

19. The irrigation system according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein said conduit is arranged along a row of vegetation entities in a generally linear configuration.

20. The irrigation system according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein said conduit comprises a continuous tube or a plurality of discrete conduit portions connected to one another.

21. The irrigation system according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein said conduit is formed from flexible materials, and comprises a plurality of alternating peaks and troughs formed by suspending or hanging portions of the conduit.

22. The irrigation system according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein said conduit is formed from rigid materials and comprises a preformed shape including a plurality of alternating peaks and troughs along its length.

23. The irrigation system according to any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein at least a portion of said at least one conduit is thermally insulated.

24. The irrigation system according to claim 23, wherein said at least one thermally insulated portion of the conduit comprises a thermally insulating jacket overlying said portion of said conduit.

25. The irrigation system according to claim 23 or 24 comprising a plurality of thermally insulated portions intercalated with a plurality of non-insulated portions.

26. The irrigation system according to any one of claims 23 to 25, wherein said collection and delivery system comprises at least one inlet port positioned below a non-insulated portion of said conduit, said inlet being configured to receive water condensate formed on said non-insulated portion.

27. The irrigation system according to any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein said conduit comprises a material having a low-friction surface to facilitate directional flow of condensate toward said collection container.

28. The irrigation system according to any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein said outer surface of the conduit comprises a hydrophobic material or hydrophobic coating configured to promote droplet formation and run-off of condensate.

29. The irrigation system according to any one of claims 1 to 28, wherein said conduit comprises a plurality of ribs formed on its outer surface.

30. The irrigation system according to claim 29, wherein said ribs are formed in a selected cross-sectional shape, including one or more of: triangular, semicircular, or trapezoidal.

31. The irrigation system according to any one of claims 29 to 30, wherein said ribs are formed in projections from said conduit, including one or more of: axially extending ribs, annular rings, and a helical projection.

32. The irrigation system according to any one of claims 1 to 31, wherein said conduit system comprises a height adjustment mechanism configured to enable selectively varying a relative vertical spacing between at least a portion of said at least one conduit and the watering zone.

33. The irrigation system according to claim 32, wherein said height adjustment mechanism comprises a fastening structure operable to secure said conduit at one or more selected vertical spacings.

34. The irrigation system according to claim 33, wherein said height adjustment mechanism comprises a telescopic support structure configured to extend and retractto vary the vertical spacing, and wherein said height adjustment mechanism includes a locking element operable to fix said conduit at a selected extended position.

35. The irrigation system according to any one of claims 1 to 34, wherein said collection and distribution container comprises a collection tank having an interior and an open top open to the surrounding air, and said at least one conduit passes through said collection tank, said interior configured to receive water condensate formed on the outer surface of the at least one conduit.

36. The irrigation system according to claim 35, wherein said collection and distribution system comprises a drip irrigation system in communication with said collection tank, said drip irrigation comprising at least one tube having at least one drip emitter extending therefrom, and at least one pump operable to circulate water through the tube.

37. An irrigation system comprising a cooling system, a conduit system, a fluid pump system, and a condensate collection and delivery system: the fluid pump system being selectively operable for pumping a working fluid through the conduit system, at least when the working fluid is cooled by the cooling system; the conduit system comprising at least one conduit coupled to the fluid pump system and to the cooling system, the at least one conduit configured for enabling the working fluid to flow therein responsive to operation of the fluid pump system, the at least one conduit having an outer surface in thermal communication with the working fluid at least in operation of the irrigation system, the outer surface being configured to facilitate condensation of water vapor from surrounding air thereon in operation of the irrigation system to thereby produce water condensate; the cooling system being selectively operable for cooling the working fluid to a predetermined temperature sufficient such as to induce a surface temperature on said outer surface that is below a dew point of surrounding atmospheric air, to thereby enable the water condensate to be condensed on the outer surface of the at least one conduit;the collection and delivery system being coupled to said conduit system, and operative for collecting the water condensate from the at least one conduit, and for selectively delivering the thereby collected water condensate to a watering zone to thereby irrigate the watering zone with at least a portion of the collected water condensate.

38. A method for irrigating a watering zone, comprising: providing the irrigation system as defined in any one of claims 1 to 37, and operating the irrigation system by: o operating the cooling system to cool the working fluid to a temperature sufficient to induce a surface temperature on an outer surface of at least one conduit that is below a dew point of surrounding atmospheric air; o operating the fluid pump system to circulate the working fluid through the conduit system; and o collecting water condensate from the outer surface of the at least one conduit, and selectively operating the collection and delivery system to deliver at least a portion of the collected water condensate to the watering zone.

39. The method according to claim 38, when dependent from claim 2, further comprising operating the collection and delivery system in a first operating regime in which water condensate formed on the outer surface of the at least one conduit passes through said inlet arrangement and into said collection chamber.

40. The method according to claim 39, further comprising the step of operating the collection and delivery system in a second operating regime in which water condensate collected in the collection chamber is delivered to the watering zone via said outlet arrangement.

41. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 40, further comprising selectively opening and closing said electrically actuable valve of the collection and delivery system using said controller.

42. The method according to claim 41, wherein said method further comprises operating the valve to open during daylight hours and to remain closed during nighttime hours.

43. The method according to claim 41, wherein said method further comprises selectively operating the valve to open or close according to desired irrigation protocols.

44. The method according to any one of claims 41 to 43, further comprising: allowing the fluid level sensor to sense a fluid level in the collection chamber and sending a signal indicative of the sensed fluid level to the controller; and said controller receiving the signal from the fluid level sensor and operating the electrically actuable valve in response thereto, whereby if the sensed fluid level has exceeded a predetermined threshold, the valve is opened or operated at an increased rate to release the collected water condensate, and if the sensed fluid level is below the predetermined threshold, the valve is closed or operated at a reduced opening rate.

45. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 44, wherein the collection and delivery system comprises a slow water release mechanism, said method further comprising gradually dispensing the collected water condensate from the collection chamber to the watering zone using said slow water release mechanism.

46. The method according to any one of claims 41 to 45, wherein said irrigation system further comprises a secondary water reservoir operatively coupled to the collection and delivery system, the method further comprising: providing a fluid level sensor in the collection chamber; said fluid level sensor sensing a fluid level in the collection chamber and sending a signal indicative of said fluid level to said controller; and operating the controller to cause the collection and delivery system to switch from delivering water condensate to delivering water from the water reservoir or mains water source when the sensed fluid level in the collection chamber is below a predetermined threshold.

47. The method according to claim 46, wherein said method further comprises: providing a humidity sensor operatively coupled to the controller; said humidity sensor sensing ambient humidity and sending a signal to said controller; operating said controller to cause the collection and delivery system to switch from delivering water condensate to delivering water from the water reservoir or mains water source when the sensed ambient humidity is below a predetermined threshold.

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