Device and method for extracting fine particles from a material stream

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) and a method for extracting fine particles (1.1.2) from a material stream (1.1), wherein the material stream (1.1) comprises a mixture of product particles (1.1.1) and fine particles (1.1.2) and wherein the fine particles (1.1.2) differ in weight and / or particle size and / or particle density from the product particles (1.1.1), comprising a suction device (1.4) having a suction duct (1.4.3) for suctioning off sub-particles (1.1.3) from the material stream (1.1) by way of a closed-loop-controllable air stream (1.4.2) in the suction duct (1.4.3) and a closed-loop control device (1.7) for closed-loop control of the suction device (1.4), wherein the suctioned-off sub-particles (1.1.3) are measurable by the closed-loop control device (1.7) using an acceleration sensor (1.7.1) connected to the closed-loop control device (1.7) and the suction device (1.4) is closed-loop-controllable using the closed-loop control device (1.7) in such a way that the suctioned-off sub-particles (1.1.3) comprise a definable suction mixture of product particles (1.1.1) and fine particles (1.1.2).

Description

[0001] Device and method for extracting fine particles from a material stream

[0002] Field of invention

[0003] The present invention relates to a device and method for extracting fine particles from a material stream, wherein the material stream comprises a mixture of product particles and fine particles. Such devices, in particular machines or separators for extracting and / or purifying a material stream, are known, for example, a light grain separator for extracting or separating lighter components from a mixture of grains.

[0004] Background of the invention

[0005] Conventional devices for extracting fine particles from a material stream comprise a suction device with a suction channel for extracting partial particles from the material stream by means of a controllable airflow or suction in the suction channel. Furthermore, the conventional device includes a control device for regulating the suction device, in particular the suction capacity of the suction device, wherein the extracted partial particles can be measured by the control device using an accelerometer connected to the control device. The extraction of fine particles from the material stream is used, for example, in sorting and screening machines for sorting and / or screening grain, seeds, and similar materials in order to extract or separate chaff, hulls, empty kernels, and other fine particles from the material stream.The fine particles differ from the product particles, among other things, in their aerodynamic properties, particularly in particle weight, particle size, and / or particle density. The control device for regulating the extraction system or the airflow must therefore be precisely and carefully adjusted to extract as few product particles as possible from the material stream along with the fine particles.

[0006] Extraction systems with sorting and screening machines for sorting and / or screening, for example of grain in a grain mill, typically feature a central extraction unit with one or more extraction channels. This extraction unit usually includes a central fan whose suction air, via a network of extraction channels, removes fine particles from the product streams of the various process steps. The extraction capacity for the different product streams of the individual process steps is typically adjustable by means of several adjustable throttle valves. The throttle valves can be adjusted individually, either manually or via actuators, thus allowing for local regulation of the extraction capacity.

[0007] The performance or quality of the device is typically determined by measuring the extraction of unwanted fine particles from the material stream, for example, chaff, hulls, empty kernels, and other fine particles in grain. Another performance factor is ensuring the quality of the processed material stream, particularly the processed grain, such as minimizing damage to the product material during the extraction of fine particles and / or minimizing the number of product particles extracted from the material stream.Furthermore, food safety is extremely important, especially for the processing of food raw materials, since, for example, in the processing of grain, the outer layers of the grain kernel are separated and these outer layers are extracted from the material stream as fine particles by the device, whereby the outer layers may also be partially contaminated, for example by fungi or chemicals used in the cultivation of the grain, and therefore the most complete possible extraction of the fine particles from the material stream is necessary.

[0008] DE 10 2004054275 A1 discloses such a conventional device for extracting fine particles from a material stream containing product particles and fine particles, in particular a universal cleaning machine for extracting unwanted fine particles from a material stream comprising one or more types of grain. To regulate the airflow for extracting the particles from the material stream, the cleaning machine has one or more manually adjustable throttle valves.

[0009] EP0082125B1 discloses such a conventional device with an accelerometer that generates an electrical signal depending on the number of product particles impacting the accelerometer. The control device regulates the airflow based on this electrical signal. The control device regulates the airflow such that the number of product particles impacting the accelerometer remains below a predetermined value.

[0010] CN 104 793 638 B discloses a pneumatic separation process with intelligent follow-up control, used for a drying production line in the tobacco industry. The process involves arranging a specially designed air-fluid thrust sensor in a pneumatic separation vessel to generate a sensor signal based on the air-fluid thrust of pneumatically separated tobacco leaves within the separation vessel. This sensor signal is then transmitted to a control device with a PID controller or a PID control function module to compare and calculate the detection value, the empirical correction factor, and the pneumatic separation process quality value set by an operator. Furthermore, the device generates frequency data from a pneumatic separation blower control transducer and automatically adjusts the transducer parameters in a timely manner.The disclosed pneumatic separation process achieves a control of the air velocity of the pneumatic separation vessel, ensuring stable control of the air velocity and solving the problems of product quality fluctuation and low pneumatic separation efficiency in pneumatic separation production systems. The disclosed pneumatic separation process is characterized by its independence from the pressure difference between the air inside and outside the pneumatic separation vessel and its ability to intelligently track deviations between the operating state of the pneumatic separation system and indicators in real time. CN 106 216 248 A discloses an intelligent sorting machine for tea leaves comprising a housing, a feed nozzle, a screw conveyor with a motor for conveying the tea leaves, and a moisture sensor for generating a sensor signal based on the moisture content of the tea leaves.a control device, a fan, and a vibrator. Based on a sensor signal generated by the humidity sensor, the control device regulates the screw motor, the air velocity, and the vibration of the vibrator to minimize clumping of the tea leaves. EP 0461 457 B1 discloses a method and a device for sorting a stream of particle / solid material by exposing the particles of the material stream to a microwave field, wherein the energy absorption of the particles depends on the dielectric properties of the particles. The absorbed energy heats the particles, and pyrodetectors generate a sensor signal based on the thermal radiation of the particles. Based on the sensor signal, compressed air nozzles can be controlled.The cooler particles are deflected from the material stream, thereby classifying the particles in the material stream based on their dielectric properties. CN 1 10 052 409 A discloses an automated sorting system for raw coal comprising a belt conveyor for transporting the raw coal, a metal detector for detecting metal impurities, an image recognition device for measuring image data of the raw coal transported on the belt conveyor and for detecting impurities in the measured image data, and a sorting device for removing the impurities from the raw coal. Furthermore, the image recognition device includes a control device with a machine learning structure.The machine learning structure uses image data from the raw coal to control grippers for removing detected impurities. The sorting system replaces manual sorting of raw coal, thereby increasing the system's efficiency and reducing costs through automation of sorting and cleaning. US Patent 2023 / 053268 A1 discloses a material handling system for sorting materials using a vision system. The vision system comprises multiple vision devices for generating visual image data of the materials, each equipped with a single-board computer to apply a machine learning structure to identify or classify the material based on the generated image data. The materials identified and / or classified by the machine learning structure are then sorted by sorting devices, each of which can be coupled to a vision device.sorted into separate groups. The vision system enables automated, AI-supported sorting based on visual material recognition. US 5351 832 A disclosed a system for cleaning or separating particles of varying density, comprising an extraction duct for removing the particles, an airflow device for generating a controllable airflow in the extraction duct, and a control device for controlling the cleaning process, particularly the airflow in the extraction duct, based on a predefined setpoint. An upward airflow can be generated in the extraction duct, allowing the less dense particles to separate from the heavier or denser particles. The control device includes an air velocity sensor for measuring the velocity of the upward airflow in the extraction duct.wherein a sensor signal can be generated by means of the air velocity sensor based on the air velocity of the upward airflow in the extraction duct and the sensor signal can be transmitted to the control device. Furthermore, the predefined setpoint can be adjusted by an operator to select a desired upward velocity. The control device regulates the airflow in the extraction duct such that the upward air velocity in the duct remains comparable to the predefined setpoint. JP 2015 042390 A discloses a rice sorting machine with a hulling section, an aspiration device, and an oscillating sorting plate sorting section that can be driven by a main motor. The sorting machine further includes a mixing rice tank, a switching valve for internal circulation or external discharge of sorted rice,as well as an operating lever for controlling the closing valve and the coupling pulleys between the initial and working positions. Sensors and a switch automate the sorting machine: when rice is selected, the gap of the hulling rollers is narrowed, and when grain is selected, it is widened, with the sorting process switching between circulation and emptying modes depending on the fill level of the mixed rice tank.

[0011] Known devices for extracting fine particles from a material stream have the disadvantage that the airflow must be adjusted manually, or at least by an operator, at the device itself, or at least a setpoint must be evaluated by the operator and specified to the control device. Particularly when using the device for different product particles and fine particles, or for a material stream with time-varying material properties, such as product moisture, the product particles, and / or fine particles, manual adjustment of the control device is necessary, as otherwise the device's performance will be reduced or the final product will not meet the quality requirements.If the airflow is too weak, the cleaning effect, particularly the extraction of fine particles from the material stream, is insufficient. Consequently, the end product contains a high proportion of unwanted fine particles and is therefore of lower quality. Furthermore, controlling the extraction rate based on counting product particles with a predetermined impact pulse or within a specific value range is disadvantageous. This is because the control is based on the number of individual particles with a given impact pulse, resulting in an inaccurate and unstable method for measuring the proportion of product particles in the partial stream.

[0012] Summary of the invention

[0013] It is an object of the present invention to solve the disadvantages and technical problems known from the prior art; in particular, the present invention aims to provide a new device or a new method for extracting fine particles from a material stream, wherein the material stream comprises a mixture of product particles and fine particles, wherein the control of the extraction device is automated and thereby the performance and economy of the device is increased compared to the prior art, in particular to extract as high a proportion as possible of the fine particles present in the material stream and to extract as little product particles as possible from the material stream.Manual intervention by an operator to operate the device is minimal, even when the device is used for different material flows with time-varying product properties of the product particles and / or fine particles, thereby increasing the performance of the device and the process. Furthermore, the present invention aims to provide the most stable possible control of the extraction device.

[0014] According to the present invention, these objectives are achieved in particular by the elements of the characterizing part of the independent claims. Further advantageous embodiments are also apparent from the dependent claims, the drawings, and the description.

[0015] In particular, the objectives are achieved by the fact that the

[0016] The accelerometer comprises a measuring range, wherein the measuring range extends into a region of the airflow containing the extracted partial particles, wherein a pulse-dependent sensor signal can be generated by means of the partial particles transported in the airflow and impacting the accelerometer with an impact impulse, and the sensor signal can be transmitted to the control device.Furthermore, the generated airflow can be controlled by the control device via the extraction device based on the measured sensor signals and / or the impact impulses of the partial particles on the accelerometer measured by the sensor signals. The extraction device can be controlled by the control device in such a way that the extracted partial particles comprise a definable mixture of product particles and fine particles, so that the measured sensor signals and / or the impact impulses of the partial particles on the accelerometer measured by the sensor signals are characteristic of the entire partial flow. Accordingly, the extraction device can be stably controlled by the control device based on the time-varying sensor signal. The accelerometer uses, for example, optical, electrostatic, mechanical measurement methods, or a combination thereof, to generate the sensor signal.The sensor signal contains information about the impact behavior of the particles on the accelerometer's measuring range. For example, the frequency profile of the sensor signal implicitly contains information about particle size, material properties such as elasticity, and moisture content, thus ensuring precise and automatic control of the extraction system by the control device. Different material types of the particles can be detected by the control device based on the vibration frequencies of the sensor signal. A further advantage is that the sensor signal can be stored and used for further analysis of the impact behavior of the particles on the accelerometer.Furthermore, the control device analyzes the sensor signal to detect changes in the fractional particles and generates corresponding control signals based on control criteria, enabling the device according to the invention to react to changes in the fractional particles in real time. The ratio of product particles to fine particles of the fractional particles is essential, as this ratio defines both the quality and the yield of the material stream cleaned and / or sorted by the device according to the invention, since quality and yield have varying degrees of importance depending on the application.

[0017] Accordingly, the optimal ratio of product particles to fine particles in the partial stream can vary depending on the application. High quality requirements for the purified end product usually mean a lower yield, as a higher proportion of product particles in the partial stream is necessary to achieve higher quality and to extract as much fine material as possible from the material stream using the extraction device.

[0018] In the rising duct, two opposing forces act on the particles: gravity, which acts against the direction of air extraction, and an aerodynamic force exerted by the airflow. As a result, the heavier product particles tend to fall downwards against the airflow, while the lighter fine particles are carried along by the airflow. The particles transported in the airflow and impacting the measuring area generate the impact impulses. These impact impulses are directly and reliably dependent on the airflow.This ensures precise measurement of the impact impulses. The control device can therefore generate a highly accurate sensor signal based on the impact impulses of the extracted particles. Based on the impact impulses of both the product particles and the fine particles, the accelerometer generates a continuous sensor signal with time-varying amplitudes and frequencies in real time. This means the sensor signal continuously contains information about the properties of the extracted particles, particularly the extracted product particles and fine particles. The impact impulses of the particles are converted into mechanical vibrations. Characteristic differences emerge: lighter fine particles produce a lower mechanical vibration amplitude with a shorter duration, while heavier product particles result in a higher vibration amplitude and a subsequent oscillation. Additionally, the fine particles generate a higher impact frequency.because they are extracted in greater numbers than the product particles. The continuous impact impulses lead to a mechanical vibration with a time-varying amplitude and frequency. This vibration arises from the superposition of the individual impulses of the subparticles. The sensor signal generated by the accelerometer encompasses the signal frequency spectrum of the mechanical vibration in real time. The signal frequency spectrum of the sensor signal represents the entirety of the mechanical vibrations generated by the time-cumulative impact impulses of the product and fine particles impacting and being extracted from the measuring area. This makes it possible to monitor the extracted mixture of product and fine particles in the extraction duct, especially in the riser duct, very precisely and in real time, and to control the extraction device accordingly via the control device.that the defined extraction mixture is extracted in the extraction duct. The individual impact impulses of the fine particles have a lower amplitude; the high number of impacts contributes to the overall amplitude of the sensor signal, so that the sensor signal for controlling the extraction device has a sufficiently high amplitude generated by the impact impulses of the fine particles. In one embodiment, the sensor signal exhibits time-varying oscillations with time-varying amplitudes and / or time-varying frequencies, wherein the oscillations are generated by the acceleration sensor through the impact impulse of the product particle and / or fine particles of the partial particles onto the accelerometer, wherein the control device includes a vibration characteristic value that can be generated by the control device based on the sensor signal with a sampling frequency.wherein the control device has a control signal value, generated by the control device based on the vibration characteristic, for controlling the airflow of the extraction device, so that the sensor signal based on the vibration characteristics provides more comprehensive information on the partial particles, ensures increased accuracy of the control of the extraction device, and makes the control device more adaptable to different material flows and / or particle properties of the partial particles. The vibration characteristic generated during each sampling period characterizes the partial particles contained in the partial flow during the sampling period and impacting the accelerometer, in particular the product particles and / or fine particles contained in the partial flow. The vibration characteristic, based on the time-varying,The sensor signal, which depends on the properties of the individual particles and is measured by the accumulation of their impact impulses, is characterized by the vibration characteristic value. This characteristic identifies the different particles detected by the accelerometer and their properties, such as their velocity in the extraction duct. Therefore, the ratio of product particles to fine particles in the partial flow can be controlled by the control device based on the sensor signal, which contains particle properties such as composition, size, shape, and other material-specific characteristics. Furthermore, the control device ensures high accuracy in the identification and quantification of product particles and / or fine particles in the partial flow.This minimizes the probability of errors regarding the quantification of product particles and / or fine particles in the partial stream. Furthermore, the control device, based on the sensor signal, enables automatic control of the extraction device for various material flows and partial stream particles, making the device according to the invention highly adaptable to different material flows and time-varying particle properties. Based on the sensor signal with the sampling frequency f, the control device generates the vibration characteristic value, allowing the control signal to be processed in real time and the vibration characteristic value to characterize the control signal within the corresponding time window 1 / f. Optionally, the control device can generate several different vibration characteristics.so that different pieces of information contained in the sensor signal can be economically quantified, such as the following vibration parameters: a peak amplitude value as an indication of the fine particle size, a mean amplitude value, a rate of change of the sensor signal as an indicator of disturbances, a standard deviation to characterize the uniformity of the extracted particles, a harmonic distortion of the sensor signal and / or a Fast Fourier Transform for further analysis of the frequency components of the sensor signal.

[0019] In another embodiment, the vibration characteristic includes a power characteristic for quantifying the average power of the sensor signal for a sampling period 1 / f. This allows for a differentiated quantification of the impact energy of the product particles and / or fine particles from the partial stream onto the measuring range of the accelerometer, and thus enables the detection of trends and / or changes in the extracted mixture of product particles and fine particles in the partial stream over time. This characterizes the total number of particles extracted in the partial stream within the sensor signal during a sampling period using a vibration characteristic, thereby ensuring stable and precise control of the extraction device.Furthermore, the quantification of the mean impact energy during the sampling period is also a suitable basis for the automatic control of the device for different material flows with varying particle properties and a high extraction performance of the device.

[0020] In one embodiment, the control device comprises a target parameter and a control element. The control signal value is generated by the control element based on the target parameter and the vibration parameter, thus ensuring stable and precise control of the extraction device. Optionally, the control element includes a PID controller, ensuring high stability of the control device, particularly in the event of disturbances in the extraction duct or changes in the material type of the material flow, based on a combination of three different control strategies: proportional, integral, and differential control. Furthermore, the control element includes, for example, an adaptive controller, enabling the control device to respond more effectively to changing material flows and ensuring optimal extraction performance. Additionally, the control element may include a state controller or a fuzzy logic controller.

[0021] In one embodiment, the device has a human-machine interface (HMI) and a control table with at least one recipe parameter value and a corresponding control parameter value, wherein a control parameter value based on a selected recipe parameter value can be searched in the control table by the HMI and sent to the control device, and wherein the selected control parameter value can be received by the control device and the target parameter value can be generated by the control device based on the selected control parameter value, so that an operator can manually select a configuration based on a recipe with recipe parameters comprising a material type, for example wheat, soy, or corn, and / or a material moisture content in percent by weight, and / or a correction factor, and the control device accordingly based on the selected recipe, in particular based on the selected recipe parameter values.a target value is generated. The correction factor serves to fine-tune the control device based on various framework conditions, such as environmental parameters of the device, specific characteristics of the material flow, or, for example, increased requirements for product quality.

[0022] In a further embodiment, the device has a material sensor for measuring a material parameter, wherein the material parameter comprises a moisture value and / or a material type value (grain, wheat, corn, soybeans, etc.) and / or a size distribution value of the material stream, wherein the material parameter value is receivable by the control device and the target characteristic value can be generated by the control device based on the material parameter value, so that the device according to the invention automatically configures the control device on the basis of the material properties detected by the material sensor, in particular generating the corresponding target characteristic value.Material sensors may include, for example, near-infrared sensors for measuring moisture content and / or hyperspectral sensors for detailed chemical analysis and / or RGB image sensors for measuring color, size, and texture and / or electronic probes for measuring volatile organic compounds in the material stream. The material sensor is, for example, arranged at an inlet area of ​​the material stream in the device according to the invention for the timely measurement of the material parameter.

[0023] In one embodiment, the device comprises a sieve for classifying product particles from the material stream into a product stream, wherein the smaller particles can be extracted from the product stream via the extraction channel, allowing the product particles to be classified based on their particle size and also extracting the fine particles from the product stream. Optionally, the sieve comprises multiple sieves with different hole sizes for classifying the material stream into several product streams, wherein the smaller particles can be extracted from at least one or more product streams via the extraction channel, resulting in multiple product streams with extracted fine particles.

[0024] In another embodiment, the extraction device includes a fan with adjustable speed for regulating the volume flow of the airflow in the extraction duct, and / or the extraction device includes an adjustable throttle valve arranged on the extraction duct with a valve position for regulating the airflow, and / or the device includes a conveying device with an adjustable delivery rate, so that the extraction performance of the extraction device can be regulated economically. Furthermore, the present embodiment ensures simple retrofitting of a prior art device with the control device according to the invention. Optionally, the device according to the invention includes a central fan, wherein the fan is designed as a separate machine unit and draws air from several devices via multiple extraction ducts, in particular generating an airflow for the multiple devices.

[0025] In one embodiment, the control signal value includes a flap position value for controlling the throttle valve and / or a target speed for controlling the fan and / or a target delivery rate for controlling the delivery rate of the conveying device, so that the control device is applicable with devices according to the state of the art.

[0026] In one embodiment, the extraction duct features a rising duct for extracting the partial particles against gravity (G). The partial particles extracted by the airflow are transported within the rising duct at an angle of less than 80° against gravity, thus enabling more precise quantification / identification of the product particles and / or fine particles by the control device, as well as additional screening (rise screening). Furthermore, this embodiment provides an additional separation step with low CO2 emissions, a compact design, and minimal maintenance requirements.

[0027] In another embodiment, the acceleration sensor has an impact plate, wherein the impact plate is elastically attached to the extraction duct and extends with the measuring range into a region of the airflow containing the extracted partial particles, and wherein the impact plate can be set into vibration by means of the impact impulse of partial particles striking the impact plate, thus ensuring an economical and low-maintenance implementation of the acceleration sensor.

[0028] In one embodiment, the control device incorporates a machine learning structure for determining the variable control signal value for predefined vibration characteristics. This allows the control device to adapt to changing particle properties and material flows, and even to process unknown particles. Furthermore, the control device can be trained on previously untrained material flows and particle properties, thus ensuring adaptability. The machine learning structure ensures that, based on complex sensor signals with nonlinearities, the control device generates a corresponding control signal value for the automatic control of the extraction system, guaranteeing high system performance, particularly an adjustable ratio of product particles to fine particles.Furthermore, the machine learning structure ensures improved pattern recognition of the control device based on the sensor signal, thus ensuring effective and automatic control of the extraction device by the control device.In another embodiment, the recipe module has a network library that can be connected to the machine learning structure, wherein the network library includes a data store for storing historical operating data, and wherein the machine learning structure has a machine learning-based modeling machine for generating a digital model structure based on historical operating data, which is trained by using the historical operating data as input values, and after training to determine the optimized variable control signal value for a given vibration characteristic using the at least one digital model structure for an optimized ratio of product particles and fine particles of the subparticles in the extraction duct, so that the control device is trainable for different material flows and particle properties and can be adapted to changing conditions with minimal effort.Furthermore, a network library can be supplemented with new historical operating data, thereby adapting the device's performance. In one embodiment, the device has multiple network libraries, each containing region-specific historical operating data. This allows devices in a region to access the regional network library, enabling them to be trained on regional material flows and / or particle properties.

[0029] In another version, the historical operating data includes vibration characteristics and a flap position and / or a rotational speed and / or a delivery rate and / or a material flow and / or a moisture content of the material flow, so that historical operating data can be generated with slightly modified devices according to the state of the art and can be used to train the control device.

[0030] It should be noted at this point that the present invention relates not only to the device according to the invention but also to a method for realizing the device according to the invention.

[0031] Brief description of the figures Fig. 1 shows a schematic vertical cross-section through a device for extracting fine particles from a material stream according to the embodiment of the invention,

[0032] Fig. 2 shows a flow diagram of a device for extracting fine particles from a material stream according to the embodiment of the invention.

[0033] Fig. 3 shows a schematic vertical cross-section through a conveying device with a first suction channel according to the embodiment of the invention,

[0034] Fig. 4 shows a schematic vertical cross-section through a product outlet with a second extraction channel according to the embodiment of the invention,

[0035] Fig. 5 schematically shows a vertically extending cross-section through a rising duct of an extraction duct with an acceleration sensor according to the embodiment of the invention.

[0036] Fig. 6 shows a schematic representation for measuring a sensor signal and generating a control signal for controlling an extraction device according to the embodiment of the invention.

[0037] Fig. 7 shows a representation of a frequency spectrum according to the embodiment of the invention,

[0038] Fig. 8 shows a block diagram of a signal processing unit according to the embodiment of the invention,

[0039] Fig. 9a shows a representation of the measured sensor signal as an acceleration value in m / s². 2on a timeline in seconds

[0040] Fig. 9b shows a representation of the generated RMS value based on the sensor signal from Fig. 9a, Fig. 10 shows a schematic vertical cross-section through an accelerometer according to the embodiment of the invention.

[0041] Fig 1 1 shows a block diagram of a control device according to the embodiment of the invention.

[0042] Detailed description of the invention

[0043] Figure 1 shows a cross-section of an embodiment of a device 1 according to the invention for extracting fine particles 1.1.2 from a material stream 1.1, in particular a cleaning machine 1 for cleaning and / or sorting the material stream 1.1. For example, the cleaning machine 1 is used for cleaning and sorting wheat, barley, rapeseed, corn, soybeans, sunflower seeds, and other agricultural products for food processing. The material stream 1.1 comprises a mixture of product particles 1.1.1 and fine particles 1.1.2, wherein the fine particles 1.1.2 differ from the product particles 1.1.1 in weight and / or particle size and / or particle density. Such fine particles 1.1.2 are, for example, husks or leaves that do not belong to the product particles 1.1.1.

[0044] The cleaning machine 1 comprises a housing 1.3, a material inlet 1.3.1, a feeding device 1.5 for feeding and metering the material stream 1.1 and for uniformly distributing the material stream 1.1 over the designated width of the cleaning machine 1, a conveying device 1.5.2 for metering the material stream 1.1, a sieving device 1.2 for cleaning and sorting the product particles 1.1.1 of the material stream 1.1, an exhaust air outlet 1.3.2, and a discharge device 1.6 with at least one discharge channel 1.6.1 for discharging the cleaned and classified product particles 1.1.1, in particular the product stream 1.1.4, 1.1.4.1, 1.1.4.2 from the cleaning machine 1.

[0045] The cleaning machine 1 has a suction device 1 .4 with a suction channel 1 .4.3 for suctioning partial particles 1.1.3 from the material flow 1 .1 by means of a controllable airflow or suction 1 .4.2 in the suction channel 1 .4.3 and a control device 1 .7 for controlling the suction device 1 .4. Furthermore, the extraction device 1.4 has at least one expansion chamber 1.4.6, wherein the extraction channel 1.4.3 conveys the extracted partial particles 1.1.3 into the expansion chamber 1.4.6 by means of the airflow 1.4.2, and the expansion chamber 1.4.6 has a larger cross-section than the extraction channel 1.4.3, so that the partial particles 1.1.3 largely sink to the bottom of the expansion chamber 1.4.6 due to the lower extraction capacity. In the present embodiment, the extraction device 1.4 comprises a conveying element 1.4.5 arranged at the lowest point of the expansion chamber 1.4.6 for conveying the particles that have formed in the extraction channel 1.4.6.3 accumulated partial particles 1.1.3 from the device 1. Furthermore, the extraction device 1.4 has a fan 1.4.1 which extracts the partial particles 1.1.3 through the extraction duct 1.4.3 in the area of ​​the feed device 1.5 and in the area of ​​the discharge device 1.6. In the area of ​​the feed device 1.5, the extracted partial particles 1.1.3 mainly comprise fine particles 1.1.2, for example, light parts and dust, so that the sieve load of the sieve device 1.2 is reduced and thereby a higher cleaning quality of the product particles 1.1.1 is ensured. In the area of ​​the discharge device 1.6, the material stream 1.1 is already sorted or classified into a first product stream 1.1.4.1 with a first product quality and a second product stream 1.1.4.2 with a second product quality by means of the sieving device 1.2, and the extracted partial particles 1.1.3 mostly comprise fine particles 1.1 detached by the sieving process.2 and a few product particles 1.1.1 from the first product stream 1.1.4.1 and / or the second product stream 1.1.4.2, so that an additional cleaning step of the material stream 1.1 can be carried out in order to ensure the lowest possible contamination of the first product stream 1.1.4.1 and / or the second product stream 1.1.4.2 with fine particles 1.1.2.

[0046] The extraction duct 1.4.3 has a first extraction duct 1.4.3.1 in the area of ​​the feed device 1.5 for cleaning the material stream 1.1 to be processed and / or a second extraction duct 1.4.3.2 in the area of ​​the discharge device 1.6 for cleaning the material stream 1.1 sorted by the sieve device 1.2. To regulate the airflow 1.4.2 in the first extraction duct 1.4.3.1, the extraction device 1.4 has a first throttle valve 1.4.4.1 and / or a second throttle valve 1.4.4.2 for regulating the airflow 1.4.2 in the second extraction duct 1.4.3.2. The airflow 1 .4.2 can be controlled by pivoting the corresponding throttle valve 1 .4.4.1 / 1 .4.4.2, for example by means of an actuator (pneumatic or electric) by the control device 1.7.

[0047] The extraction device 1.4 in the present embodiment of the cleaning machine 1, as schematically depicted in Figure 2, has a central fan 1.4.1 designed such that it can draw in several cleaning machines 1 and / or other grain processing machines. Such central fans 1.4.1 are used, for example, in grain receiving stations, grain mills, or similar facilities and ensure efficient extraction / aspiration of the individual processing steps in the plant. The flow diagram of the extraction device 1.4 shows the cleaning machine 1 and an aspiration channel 1.4.8, which is under negative pressure generated by the central fan 1.4.1 and can be connected to the cleaning machine 1 via the exhaust outlet 1.3.2. The airflow generated by the negative pressure in the aspiration channel is controlled by means of the respective corresponding throttle valve 1.4.4.1 , 1.4.4.2.4 in the area of ​​the feed device 1.5 and the discharge device 1.6 are adjustable. In addition, in the present embodiment, the extraction device 1.4 has an explosion protection device 1.4.7, which is arranged between the fan 1.4.1 and the exhaust air outlet 1.3.2.

[0048] The control device 1.7 is connected to an acceleration sensor 1.7.1 comprising a measuring range 1.7.1.1.1, wherein the extracted partial particles 1.1.3 can be measured by means of the acceleration sensor 1.7.1 and the acceleration sensor 1.7.1 is arranged in the extraction duct 1.4.3 and in particular in the rising duct 1.4.3.3 such that the measuring range 1.7.1.1.1 extends into a region of the airflow 1.4.2 containing the extracted partial particles 1.1.3, so that the partial particles 1.1.3 measured by the sensor 1.7.1.1.1 determine a representative measured value for the entire cross-section in this section of the extraction duct 1.4.3.2, wherein the partial particles 1.1.3 transported in the airflow 1.4.2 and impacted with an impact impulse 3 on the measuring range 1.7.1.1.1 are used to determine the measured value for the entire cross-section in this section of the extraction duct 1.4.3.2. .7.1 .1 .1 of the accelerometer 1 .7.1 incident partial particles 1.1.3 a pulse-dependent sensor signal 1 .7.2 can be generated by means of the accelerometer 1 .7.1 and the sensor signal 1 .7.2 is transferable to the control device 1.7 and the generated airflow 1.4.2 is controllable by means of the control device 1.7 via the extraction device 1.4 based on the measured sensor signals 1.7.2 and / or the impact impulses 3 of the partial particles 1.1.3 on the acceleration sensor 1.7.1 measured by means of the sensor signals 1.7.2 and wherein the extraction device 1.4 is controllable by means of the control device 1.7 such that the extracted partial particles 1.1.3 comprise a definable extraction mixture of product particles 1.1.1 and fine particles 1.1.2.

[0049] Figure 10 shows an embodiment of the acceleration sensor 1 .7.1 with a baffle plate 1.7.1.1 encompassing the measuring range 1.7.1.1.1, wherein the baffle plate 1 .7.1 .1 is elastically / vibratingly attached to the extraction duct 1 .4.3, in particular to the rising duct 1 .4.3.3, and the measuring range 1 .7.1 .1 .1 formed by the baffle plate 1 .7.1 .1 extends into a region of the airflow 1 .4.2 with the extracted partial particles 1 .1 .3. At least some of the extracted particles 1.1.3 strike the measuring area 1.7.1.1.1 of the accelerometer 1.7.1 formed by the baffle plate 1.7.1.1 with the impact impulse 3; these particles are hereinafter referred to as detected particles 1.1.3 and excite the baffle plate 1.7.1.1 to mechanical, time-varying vibrations with time-varying amplitudes and / or time-varying frequencies by means of the impact impulse 3. Furthermore, the accelerometer 1.7.1 includes a vibration sensor 1.7.1.2, which is mechanically connected to the impact plate 1.7.1.1, such that the vibrations of the impact plate 1.7.1.1 generated by the impact impulse 3 of the detected partial particles 1.1.3 are mechanically detected by the vibration sensor 1.7.1.3, and the electrical sensor signal 1.7.2 can be generated by the vibration sensor 1.7.1.2 based on the vibration of the impact plate 1.7.1.1 by means of a physical effect, for example, a piezoelectric effect. The impact plate 1.7.1.1 is elastically and thus oscillatibly mounted on the housing 1.3 of the cleaning machine 1 by means of an elastic fastening element 1.7.1.3. For example, an acceleration sensor of type VSP01 A from the company IFM can be used as the vibration sensor 1.7.1.2.

[0050] The vibration sensor 1.7.1.2 converts the mechanical vibration of the impact plate 1.7.1.1, generated by the impact impulse 3 of the partial particles 1.1.3 onto the impact plate 1.7.1.1, into a raw electronic signal, for example by means of a piezoelectric element based on quartz or ceramic crystals, wherein the raw signal is proportional to the vibration profile of the impact plate 1.7.1.1. The raw signal is amplified and / or filtered in the acceleration sensor 1.7.2 or in separately designed evaluation electronics, so that sensor-specific interference signals are eliminated and the measured sensor signal values ​​1.7.2 can be used for further processing by the control device 1.7. The control device 1.7 comprises a vibration characteristic value 1.7, which can be generated by means of the control device 1.7 based on the sensor signal 1.7.2, in particular on the continuous signal frequency spectrum 1.7.2.1 of the sensor signal 1.7.2, with a sampling frequency f.8, wherein, by means of the control device 1.7, a control signal value 2 for controlling the airflow 1.4.2 of the extraction device 1.4 can be generated based on the vibration characteristic 1.7.8, such that, based on the sensor signal 1.7.2 with the sampling frequency f, the vibration characteristic 1.7.8 can be generated in real time, and the vibration characteristic 1.7.8 characterizes the sensor signal 1.7.2 in the corresponding time window 1 / f. The vibration characteristic(s) 1.7.8 represent a characteristic value of the sensor signal 1.7.2 in the time window 1 / f, so that different information contained in the sensor signal 1.7.2 can be economically quantified and processed by the control device 1.7. In one embodiment, the vibration characteristic 1 .7.8 includes a power characteristic for quantifying the distribution of the signal power of the sensor signal ( 1 .7.2 ) over at least a part of the frequency spectrum of the sensor signal (1.7.2 ) for a sampling period 1 / f .For example, the vibration characteristic 1.7.8 includes at least one of the following characteristic values: a peak amplitude value as an indication of the fine particle size, a mean amplitude value, a rate of change of the sensor signal 1.7.2 as an indicator of disturbances, a standard deviation to characterize the uniformity of the extracted particles 1.1.3, a harmonic distortion of the sensor signal 1.7.2, and / or a signal spectrum obtained by means of a Fast Fourier Transform of the sensor signal 1.7.2 for further analysis of the frequency components of the sensor signal and / or filtering out interference signals. Furthermore, the maximum amplitude value together with the power of the extraction device 1.4, for example, the electrical power consumed, is an indicator of the degree of contamination of the material flow 1.1. Furthermore, the generation of one or more vibration parameters 1 .7.8 enables continuous storage of the partial particles 1 .1 .3 of the sensor signal 1 .7.2 ensured in an economical manner. Such historical operational data 1.7.4.2.1.1 stored in a data storage device 1.7.4.2.1 can, for example, be used to train a machine learning structure 1.7.4.

[0051] The control device 1.7 comprises a signal connection to the accelerometer 1.7.1 for receiving the sensor signal 1.7.2, a signal processing unit 1.7.3 for evaluating the sensor signal 1.7.2, and a storage unit for storing data, for example, the vibration characteristics 1.7.8 of the sensor signal 1.7.2 and / or the target characteristic 1.7.7 and / or additional data that can be generated by the signal processing unit 1.7.3 based on the sensor signal 1.7.2. Furthermore, the signal processing unit 1.7.3 includes a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) unit.

[0052] 1.7.3.1 for performing a Fourier transformation of the sensor signal 1.7.2. The signal spectrum 1.7.2.1 can be generated using FFT unit 1.7.3.1 based on the sensor signal 1.7.2, where the signal spectrum 1.7.2.1 is a time-varying signal spectrum.

[0053] 1.7.2.1 comprises an impact spectrum 1.7.2.1.1 generated by the accelerometer 1.7.1 based on the impact impulses 3 of the detected partial particles 1.1.3, and one or more interference spectra 1.7.2.1.2. This means that a continuous, time-varying sensor signal 1.7.2, which is also broadband with respect to the frequency spectrum, is measured and serves as the input signal for the Fast Fourier Transform unit (FFT unit). The vibration characteristic 1.7.8 is thus generated based on the (entire) continuous, time-varying, and directly measured sensor signal 1.7.2, which is also broadband with respect to the frequency spectrum, and not merely individual impact impulses are measured and particles are counted. The interference spectra 1.7.2.1.2 are based, for example, on vibration of the housing 1.3 of the cleaning device 1, which is caused by the fastening element 1.7.1.3 of the accelerometer 1.7.1 from the housing 1.3 to the vibration sensor 1.7.1.3 and detected by the accelerometer 1.7.1. The signal processing unit 1.7.3 has a bandpass filter for filtering out the interference signals / interference spectra 1.7.2.1.2, whereby a signal processing spectrum 1.7.2.1 without the interference spectra 1.7.2.1.2 is generated by means of the bandpass filter based on the sensor signal.

[0054] The vibration characteristic 1.7.8 of the sensor signal 1.7.2 can be generated by the signal processing unit 1.7.3 based on the sensor signal 1.7, in particular based on the signal frequency spectrum 1.7.2.1 with a sampling frequency f. In the present embodiment, the vibration characteristic 1.7.8 has a root mean square (RMS) value, which can be generated by the signal processing unit 1.7.3 based on the signal frequency spectrum 1.7.2.1. The RMS value is generated based on the signal frequency spectrum 1.7.2.1 or f(x) using the function: where f(x) represents the signal frequency spectrum 1.7.2.1 , or the sensor signal 1 .7.2 without the interference spectra, and T the sampling period 1 / f , where the RMS value can be generated by means of the signal processing unit 1.7.3 .

[0055] Furthermore, the control device 1.7 has a target characteristic 1.7.7 and a control element 1.7.6, wherein the control signal value 2 can be generated by the control element 1.7.6 based on the target characteristic 1.7.7 and the vibration characteristic 1.7.8. The control element 1.7.6 includes a control algorithm, for example a PID controller, for generating the control signal 2 based on the target characteristic 1.7.7 and the vibration characteristic 1.7.8.

[0056] Furthermore, the device 1 comprises a Human Machine Interface 1.3.4 and a control table 1.7.5 with at least one recipe parameter value 1.7.5.1 and a corresponding control parameter value 1.7.5.2, wherein the control parameter value 1.7.5.2 is searchable in the control table 1.7.5 by the HMI 1.3.4 based on a selected recipe parameter value 1.7.5.1 and can be sent to the control device 1.7, and wherein the selected control parameter value 1.7.5.2 can be received by the control device 1.7 and the target parameter value 1.7.7 can be generated by the control device 1.7 based on the selected control parameter value 1.7.5.2, as shown schematically in Figure 1.1.

[0057] Optionally, the device 1 according to the invention has a material sensor 1 .8 for measuring a material parameter 1 .8.1, wherein the material parameter 1 .8.1 has a moisture value and / or a material type value and / or a size distribution value of the material flow 1.1, wherein the material parameter value 1 .8.1 is receivable by the control device 1 .7.

[0058] The signal processing unit 1.7.3 generates the target characteristic value 1.7.7 based on the material parameter value 1.8.1 and / or the control parameter value 1.7.5.2. When using the material parameter value 1.8.1, the target characteristic value 1.7.7 is generated in real-time based on the material parameter values ​​1.8.1 measured by the material sensor 1.8. When using the control parameter value 1.7.5.2, manual configuration is performed, for example, by an operator of the cleaning device 1 using the HMI 1.3.4. Optionally, the material parameter values ​​and / or control parameter values ​​and / or recipe parameter values ​​1.7.5.1 can be stored as historical operating data 1.7.4.2.1.1 by the control device 1.7 in the data memory 1.7.4.2.1.

[0059] The extraction device 1.4 comprises: the fan 1.4.1 with an adjustable speed 1.4.1.1 for regulating the volume flow of the airflow 1.4.2 in the extraction duct 1.4.3 and / or an adjustable first throttle valve 1.4.4.1 arranged on the extraction duct 1.4.3 in the area of ​​the exhaust air outlet 13.2 with a first valve position 1.4.4.1.1 for regulating the airflow 1.4.2 and / or the conveying device 1.5.2 with an adjustable delivery rate 1.5.2.1. In the present embodiment of the cleaning device 1 according to the invention, the extraction device 1.4 has the central fan 1.4.1, wherein the airflow 1.4.2 in the extraction duct 1.4.3.2 is adjustable by the first throttle valve 1.4.4 / 1.4.4.1 and the second throttle valve 1.4.4 / 1.4.4.2, wherein optionally the second throttle valve 1.4.4 / 1.4.4.2 is adjustable manually and the first throttle valve 1.4.4 / 1.4.4.1 is adjustable by means of the control device 1.7. In other words, the second throttle valve 1.4.4 / 1.4.4.2 can be adjusted automatically (i.e., by the control device 1.7).h. by the cleaning device 1 and / or the control device 1.7 or an actuator) or manually, wherein the second throttle valve 1.4.4 / 1.4.4.2 regulates the ratio of the extraction rate between the extraction duct 14.3.1 at the material inlet 1.3.1 and the riser duct 1.4.3.3 at the product outlet 1.3.2 of the machine. Whereas the first throttle valve 1.4.4 / 1.4.4.1 is located at the outlet of the extraction duct 1.4.3, in particular in the area of ​​the exhaust air outlet 1.3.2 of the cleaning device 1, wherein the first throttle valve 1.4.4 / 1.4.4.1 is controlled by the control device 1.7 or an actuator.

[0060] The control signal value 2 has a flap position value 2.1 for controlling the throttle valve 1.4.4, 14.4.1, 14.4.2 and / or a target speed 2.2 for controlling the speed 1.4.1.1 of the fan 1.4.1 and / or a target delivery rate 2.3 for controlling the delivery rate 1.5.2.1 of the conveying device 1.5.2, so that the airflow 1.4.2 in the extraction duct 1.4.3 can be controlled by the control device 1.7 based on the control signal 1.7.2.

[0061] The extraction duct 1.4.3 has a rising duct 1.4.3.3, essentially parallel to the force of gravity G, for extracting the partial particles 1.1.1 against the force of gravity G, such that the partial particles 1.1.3 extracted by the airflow 1.4.2 can be transported in the rising duct 1.4.3.3 at a movement angle of less than 80° against the force of gravity G. This design, at least of a section of the extraction duct 1.4.3, results in additional classification of the partial particles 1.1.3 by means of gravity G, a so-called vertical classification.

[0062] The control device 1 .7 has a machine learning structure 1 .7.4 for determining the variable control signal value 2 for predefined vibration characteristics 1.7.8 and / or control parameter values ​​1.7.5.2 and / or signal frequency spectra 1.7.2.1. Furthermore, the machine learning structure 1.7.4 comprises a network library 1.7.4.2 with the data store 1.7.4.2.1 for storing the historical operating data 1.7.4.2.1.1, and wherein the machine learning structure 1.7.4 has a machine learning-based modeling machine 1.7.4.1 for generating a digital model structure based on the historical operating data 1.7.4.2.1.1, which is trained by using the historical operating data 1.7.4.2.1.1 as input values, and after training to determine the optimized variable control signal value 2 for a given vibration characteristic 1.7.8 using the at least one digital model structure for an optimized ratio of product particles 1.1.1 and fine particles 1.1.2 of the partial particles 1.1.3 in the extraction duct 1.4.3. The historical operating data 1.7.4.2.1.1 show vibration characteristics 1.7.8 and a first flap position 1.4.4.1.1 and / or second flap position 1.4.4.2.1 and / or a rotational speed 1.4.1.1 and / or a flow rate 1.5.2.1 and / or material parameters 1.8.1 of a material flow 1.1 and / or a moisture content of the material flow 1.1.

[0063] The inventive method for extracting fine particles 1.1.2 from the material stream 1.1 comprises suction of partial particles 1.1.3 from the material stream 1.1 by the suction device 1.4 using the controllable airflow / suction 1.4.2 in the suction duct 1.4.3. It also comprises generating the controllable airflow 1.4.2 in the suction duct 1.4.3 by means of the suction device 1.4 and controlling the suction device 1.4 by means of the control device 1.7, by measuring the partial particles 1.1.3 extracted by the airflow 1.4.2 using the acceleration sensor 1.7.1 connected to the control device 1.7. Furthermore, the inventive method comprises the following steps:

[0064] Detection of the impulses 3 of the partial particles 1 .1 .3 transported in the airflow 1 .4 .2 and impacting the measuring area 1 .7 .1 .1 .1 by means of mechanical vibrations by the accelerometer 1.7 .1; generation of a sensor signal 1.7 .2 by means of the accelerometer 1.7 .1 with a signal frequency spectrum 1 .7 .2 .1 depending on the impact impulses 3 of the partial particles 1 .1 .3 comprising a suction mixture of product particles 1 .1 .1 and fine particles 1 .1 .2 and impacting the measuring area 1 .7 .1 .1 .1 based on the detected mechanical vibrations; and transmission of the sensor signal 1 .7 .2 to the control device 1.7 .

[0065] Generating a control signal 2 using the control device 1.7 based on the generated signal frequency spectrum 1.7.2.1, and

[0066] Sending the control signal value 2 to the extraction device 1 .4 to control the generated airflow 1 .4.2 in the extraction duct 1 .4.3, so that the extracted partial particles 1.1.3 comprise a definable extraction mixture of product particles 1.1.1 and fine particles 1 .1 .2.

[0067] Furthermore, the inventive method comprises generating a vibration characteristic value 1.7.8 by the control device 1.7 based on the sensor signal 1.7.2, as well as generating a control signal value 2 by means of the control device 1.7 based on the generated vibration characteristic value 1.7.8 of the sensor signal 1.7.2, and sending the control signal value 2 to the extraction device 1.4 by the control device 1.7 for controlling the airflow 1.4.2 in the extraction duct 1.4.3 for extracting the partial particles 1.1.3.

[0068] The inventive method comprises a configuration method for the inventive cleaning device 1, wherein the configuration method comprises a manual configuration method and / or an automatic configuration method.

[0069] The manual configuration procedure comprises the following steps: a) Display of recipe parameters 1.7.5.1 by the HMI 1.3.4 based on the control table 1.7.5; b) Selection of a recipe parameter value 1.7.5.1 by an operator of the cleaning device 1 based on the recipe parameter values ​​1.7.5.1 displayed on the HMI 1.3.4; c) Searching for the corresponding control parameter value 1.7.5.2 in the control table 1.7.5 and loading the corresponding control parameter value 1.7.5.2 into the control device 1.7; d) Generation of the target parameter 1.7.7 by the signal processing unit 1.7.3 based on the loaded corresponding control parameter value.

[0070] 1.7.5.2;

[0071] Where optionally the control table 1 .7.5 has at least one recipe parameter value 1.7.5.1 with each corresponding control parameter value 1 .7.5.2 with the value of the target characteristic 1 .7.7.

[0072] The automatic configuration procedure comprises the following steps: a) Measuring the material parameter value 1.8.1 of the material flow 1.1 using the material sensor 1.8 b) Sending the material parameter value 1.8.1 to the control device 1.7 c) Generating the target parameter 1.7.7 by the signal processing unit 1.7.3 based on the received material parameter value 1.8.1 ;

[0073] The signal processing unit 1.7.3 optionally includes a lookup table with at least one material parameter value 1.8.1 and a corresponding target characteristic 1.7.7, and the target characteristic 1.7.7 can be searched in the lookup table by the signal processing unit 1.7.3 based on the material parameter value 1.8.1, and the target characteristic 1.7.7 corresponding to the material parameter value 1.8.1 can be received by the control device 1.7, so that corresponding target characteristic values ​​1.7.7 can be stored in the lookup table for different material types, for example, wheat, corn, soy, and different material moisture values. Optionally, the target characteristic 1.7.7 can be generated manually by the signal processing unit 1.7.3 based on the lookup table. The recipe parameter values ​​1.7.5.1 and control parameter values ​​1.7.5 are stored in the look-up table.2. Characteristic curves are generated for different material types, allowing the cleaning performance of the cleaning machine to be adapted very flexibly and to additional or varying conditions. Furthermore, control parameters not stored in the control table (1.7.5.2) can be interpolated based on stored control parameter values ​​(1.7.5.2).

[0074] In the rising duct 1.4.3.3, two opposing forces act on the particle particles 1.1.3: on the one hand, the force of gravity G, which acts on the particle particles 1.1.3 against the direction of the airflow 1.4.2, and on the other hand, an aerodynamic force exerted on the particle particles 1.1.3 by the airflow 1.4.2. As a result, the heavier product particles 1.1.1 tend to fall downwards against the direction of the airflow 1.4.2, while the lighter fine particles 1.1.2 are carried along by the airflow 1.4.2. The partial particles, 1.1.3, which are transported in the airflow 1.4.2 and impact the measuring area 1.7.1.1.1, generate the impact impulses 3. These impact impulses 3 are directly and reliably dependent on the airflow 1.4.2, thus ensuring a precise measurement of the impact impulses 3. The control device 1.7 therefore generates a highly appropriate sensor signal 1.7.2 based on the impact impulses 3 of the extracted partial particles 1.1.3.The accelerometer 1.7.1 generates a continuous sensor signal 1.7.2 with time-varying amplitudes and frequencies in real time, based on the impact impulses 3 of the product particles 1.1.1 and the impact impulses 3 of the fine particles 1.1.2. This means that the sensor signal 1.7.2 continuously contains information about the properties of the extracted partial particles 1.1.3, in particular the extracted product particles 1.1.1 and fine particles 1.1.2. The impact impulses 3 of the partial particles 1.1.3 are converted into mechanical vibrations. Characteristic differences emerge: The lighter fine particles 1.1.2 generate a lower mechanical vibration amplitude with a shorter duration, while the heavier product particles 1.1.1 result in higher vibration amplitudes and after-oscillations. Additionally, the fine particles 1.1.2 generate a higher impact frequency because they are extracted in greater numbers than the product particles.The continuous impact impulses 3 lead to a mechanical vibration with a time-varying amplitude and frequency. This vibration arises from the superposition of the individual impact impulses 3 of the subparticles 1, 1, 3. The sensor signal 1, 7.2 can therefore also be described as the sum of the impact impulses 3 of the individual subparticles 1, 1, 3. where: s(t) represents the function of the sensor signal 1 .7.2 as a function of the impact of the subparticles on the measuring area 1 .7.1 .1 .1 , N=number of subparticles 1 .1 .3 ti=time of impact of the i-th subparticle and pi(t) the impulse response (mechanical vibration) of the i-th impact.

[0075] The sensor signal 1.7.2 generated by the accelerometer 1.7.1 comprises the signal frequency spectrum 1.7.2.1 of the mechanical vibration in real time. The signal frequency spectrum 1.7.2.1 of the sensor signal 1.7.2 represents the entirety of the mechanical vibrations generated by the temporally cumulative impact pulses 3 of the product particles 1.1.1 and fine particles 1.1.2 impacting and being extracted from the measuring area 1.7.1.1.1. where:

[0076] Pi(f) is the Fouier transform of the momentum pr(t).

[0077] This makes it possible to monitor the extraction mixture of product particles 1.1.1 and fine particles 1.1.2 in the extraction channel 1.4.3, particularly in the riser channel 1.4.3.3, very precisely and in real time, and to control the extraction device 1.4 via the control device 1.7 such that the defined extraction mixture is extracted in the extraction channel 1.4.3. The individual impact impulses of the fine particles have a lower amplitude; the high number of impacts contributes to the overall amplitude of the sensor signal 1.7.2, so that the sensor signal 1.7.2 has a sufficiently high amplitude for controlling the extraction device 1.4, generated by the impact impulses 3 of the fine particles 1.1.2. 19

[0078] Reference list of device material current

[0079] 1.1.1 Product particles

[0080] 1.1.2 Fine particles

[0081] 1.1.3 Partial particles

[0082] 1.1.4 Product flow

[0083] 1.1.4.1 First product stream

[0084] 1.1.4.2 Second product stream liebgerät ehäuse

[0085] 1.3.1 Material inlet

[0086] 1.3.2 Exhaust air outlet

[0087] 1.3.3. Drive

[0088] 1.3.4 Human Machine Interface (HMI) suction device

[0089] 1.4.1 Fans

[0090] 1.4.1.1 Speed

[0091] 1.4.2 Airflow / Air suction

[0092] 1.4.3 Extraction duct

[0093] 1.4.3.1 First extraction channel

[0094] 1.4.3.2 Second extraction channel

[0095] 1.4.3.3 Riser channel

[0096] 1.4.4 Throttle valve

[0097] 1.4.4.1 first throttle valve

[0098] 1.4.4.1.1 Flap position

[0099] 1.4.4.2 second throttle valve

[0100] 1.4.4.2.1 Flap position

[0101] 1.4.5 Conveyor elements

[0102] 1.4.6 Expansion area

[0103] 1.4.7 Explosion protection

[0104] 1.4.8 Aspiration channel guide device

[0105] 1.5.1 Feed channel 1.5.2 Conveyor device

[0106] 1.5.2.1 Flow rate

[0107] 1.6 Discharge device

[0108] 1.6.1 Drainage channel

[0109] 1.7 Control device

[0110] 1.7.1 Accelerometer

[0111] 1.7.1.1 Baffle plate

[0112] 1.7.1.1.1 Measuring range

[0113] 1.7.1.2 Vibration sensor

[0114] 1.7.1.3 elastic fastening element

[0115] 1.7.2 Sensor signal

[0116] 1.7.2.1 Signal frequency spectrum

[0117] 1.7.2.1.1 Impact frequencies

[0118] 1.7.2.1.2 Interference frequencies

[0119] 1.7.3 Signal processing unit

[0120] 1.7.3.1 Fast-Fourier Transformation Unit (FFT Unit)

[0121] 1.7.4. Machine learning structure

[0122] 1.7.4.1 Modeling machine

[0123] 1.7.4.2 Network Library

[0124] 1.7.4.2.1 Data storage

[0125] 1.7.4.2.1 .1 historical operating data

[0126] 1.7.5 Tax table

[0127] 1.7.5.1 Recipe parameters

[0128] 1.7.5.2 Control parameters

[0129] 1.7.6 Control element

[0130] 1.7.7 Target indicator

[0131] 1.7.8 Vibration characteristic

[0132] 1.8 Material sensor

[0133] 1.8.1 Material parameters Control signal

[0134] 2.1 Valve position value

[0135] 2.2 Target speed

[0136] 2.3 Target delivery rate Impact impulse of partial particles Gravity f Sampling frequency

Claims

Claims 1. Device (1) for extracting fine particles (1.1.2) from a material stream (1.1), wherein the material stream (1.1) comprises a mixture of product particles (1.1.1) and fine particles (1.1.2), and wherein the fine particles (1.1.2) differ from the product particles (1.1.1) in weight and / or particle size and / or particle density, comprising an extraction device (1.4) with an extraction channel (1.4.3) for extracting partial particles (1.1.3) comprising parts of the product particles (1.1.1) and fine particles (1.1.2) from the material stream (1.1) by means of a controllable airflow or suction (1.4.2) in the extraction channel (1.4.3), and a control device (1.7) for controlling the controllable airflow or suction (1.4.2) of the extraction device. (1.4) wherein the extracted partial particles (1.1.3) are connected to the control device (1.7) by means of an acceleration sensor (1.7.1) comprising a measuring range.7) are measurable, characterized in that the extraction channel (1.4.3) has a rising channel (1.4.3.3) for extracting the partial particles (1.1.3) against gravity (G), wherein the partial particles (1.1.3) extracted by the airflow (1.4.2) are transportable in the rising channel (1.4.3.3) against gravity (G), wherein the acceleration sensor (1.7.1) is arranged in the rising channel (1.4.3.3) such that the measuring range extends into a region of the rising channel (1.4.3.3) with the airflow (1.4.2) of the extracted partial particles (1.1.3), wherein by means of the partial particles (1.1.3) transported in the airflow (1.4.2) and impacting the measuring range of the acceleration sensor (1.7.1) with an impact impulse (3) a impulse-dependent and continuous, time-varying sensor signal (1.7.2) with respect to a measured frequency spectrum can be generated by means of the accelerometer (1.7.1) and the sensor signal (1.7.2) can be applied to the control device (1.7) is transferable, wherein the impulse-dependent sensor signals (1.7.2) detect time-variable vibrations with time-variable amplitudes and time-variable frequencies of the impact impulses (3) of the impacting partial particles (1.1.3) on the measuring range of the accelerometer (1.7), and. wherein the extraction device (1.4) can be controlled by means of the control device (1.7) such that the extracted partial particles (1.1.3) comprise a definable mixture of product particles (1.1.1 ) and fine particles (1.1.2 ).

2. Device (1) for extracting fine particles (1.1.2) from a material stream (1.1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the application impulses (3) of the partial particles (1.1.3) transported in the air stream (1.4.2) and impacting the measuring area (1.7.1.1.1) can be detected by the acceleration sensor (1.7.1) by means of mechanical vibrations, wherein a sensor signal (1.7.2) with a signal frequency spectrum (1.7.2.1) can be generated by means of the acceleration sensor (1.7.1) based on the detected mechanical vibrations as a function of the impact impulses (3) of the partial particles (1.1.3) comprising a suction mixture of product particles (1.1.1) and fine particles (1.1.2) and impacting the measuring area (1.7.1.1.1), and the sensor signal (1.7.2) can be transmitted to the control device (1.7), and wherein the extraction device (1.4) can be controlled by means of the control device (1.7) such that the extracted mixture consists of extracted partial particles (1.1.3) can be defined as comprising product particles (1.1.1 ) and fine particles (1.1.2).

3. Device (1) for extracting fine particles (1.1.2) from a material stream (1.1) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that a vibration characteristic (1.7.8) can be generated by means of the control device (1.7) based on the continuous and time-varying signal frequency spectrum (1.7.2.1) with a sampling frequency (f), and the vibration characteristic (1.7.8) can be used to generate a power characteristic for quantifying the distribution of the signal power of the sensor signal (1.7.2) over at least a part of the frequency spectrum of the sensor signal. ( 1 .7.2) for a sampling period of 1 / f.

4. Device (1 ) for extracting fine particles (1.1 .2) from a material stream (1.1 ) according to claim 3, characterized in that the vibration characteristic (1 .7.8) has an effective energy content (RMS) of the sensor signal (1.7.2) for quantifying the energy content of the sensor signal (1.7.2).

5. Device (1 ) for extracting fine particles (1.1 .2) from a material stream (1.1 ) according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the control device (1.7) has a control element (1.7.6), wherein a target characteristic value (1.7.7) can be generated by means of the control device (1.7) based on the vibration characteristic value (1 .7.8), and wherein a control signal value (2) for controlling the airflow (1.4.2) of the extraction device (1.4) can be generated by means of the control element (1.7.6) based on the target characteristic value (1.7.7) and the vibration characteristic value (1.7.8).

6. Device (1) for extracting fine particles (1.1.2) from a material stream (1.1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the device (1) has a human-machine interface (1.3.4) and a control table (1.7.5) with at least one recipe parameter value (1.7.5.2) and a corresponding control parameter value (1.7.5.2), wherein a control parameter value (1.7.5.2) based on a selected recipe parameter value (1.7.5.1) can be searched in the control table (1.7.5) and sent to the control device (1.7) by the HMI (1.3.4), and wherein the selected control parameter value (1.7.5.2) can be received by the control device (1.7) and the target parameter value (1.7.7) based on the selected control parameter value (1.7.5.2) can be determined by the control device. (1.7) can be generated, so that the extraction device ( 1 .4) can be controlled by the control device (1.7) based on the selected recipe parameter value (1.7.5.2).

7. Device (1) for extracting fine particles (1.1.2) from a material stream (1.1) according to claims 5 to 6, characterized in that the device (1) has a material sensor (1.8) for measuring a material parameter value (1.8.1), wherein the material parameter (1.8.1) is a moisture value and / or a material type value and / or a size distribution value of the material flow ( 1 .3 ), wherein the material parameter value (1.8.1 ) can be received by the control device (1.7) and the target characteristic value ( 1.7.7 ) is based on the material parameter value (1.8.1 ) can be generated.

8. Device (1 ) for extracting fine particles (1.1 .2) from a material stream (1.1 ) according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the device (1 ) comprises a sieving device (1.2) for classifying the product particles (1.1.1 ) from the material stream (1.1 ) into a product stream (1.1.4), wherein the partial particles (1.1.3) can be extracted from the product stream (1.1.4) by means of the extraction channel (1.4.3).

9. Device (1 ) for extracting fine particles (1.1 .2) from a material stream (1.1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the extraction device (1.4) comprises a fan (1 .4.1 ) with a variable speed (1 .4.1 .1 ) for regulating the volume flow of the air stream (1.4.2) in the extraction duct (1.4.3) and / or the extraction device (1 .4) has an adjustable throttle valve (1.4.4 / 1.4.4.1 ) arranged on the extraction duct (1 .4.3) with a valve position (1.4.4.1.1 ) for regulating the air stream (1.4.2) and / or the device (1 ) has a conveying device (1.5.2) with a variable conveying quantity (1.5.2.1 ).

10. Device (1 ) for extracting fine particles (1.1 .2) from a material stream (1.1 ) according to claim 9, characterized in that the control signal value (2) provides a flap position value (2.1 ) for controlling the flap position (1.4.4.1.1 ) throttle valve (1.4.4, 1.4.4.1 ) and / or a target speed (2.2) for controlling the speed (1 .4.1 .1 ) of the fan (1.4.1 ) and / or a target delivery rate (2.3) for controlling the delivery rate (1.5.2.1 ) of the delivery device (1.5.2). 1 1. Device (1 ) for extracting fine particles (1.1.2) from a material stream (1.1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the acceleration sensor (1 .7.1 ) comprises a baffle plate (1 .7.1 .1 ) with the measuring range (1 .7.1 .1 .) has, and the baffle plate (1 .7.1 .1 ) is elastically attached to the suction duct (1.4.3), and wherein the baffle plate (1.7.1.1 ) can be set into vibration by means of the impact impulse (3) of partial particles (1.1.3) striking the baffle plate (1 .7.1 .1 ).

12. Device (1 ) for extracting fine particles (1.1 .2) from a material stream (1.1 ) according to claims 1 to 1 1 , characterized in that the control device ( 1 .7) has a machine learning structure ( 1 .7.4) for determining the variable control signal value (2) for vibration characteristics (1.7.8) and / or control parameter values ​​(1.7.5.2) and / or material parameter values ​​(1.8.1 ).

13. Method for extracting fine particles (1.1.2) from a material stream (1.1 ), wherein the material stream (1.1 ) is a mixture of product particles (1.1.1) and fine particles (1.1.2) and wherein the fine particles (1.1.2) differ in weight and / or particle size and / or particle density from product particles (1.1.1), comprising (i) extraction of partial particles (1.1.3) comprising parts of the product particles (1.1.1) and fine particles (1.1.2) from the material stream (1.1) by means of an extraction device (1.4) with an extraction duct (1.4.3) by means of a controllable airflow / suction (1.4.2) in the extraction duct (1.4.3), generating the controllable airflow (1.4.2) in the extraction duct (1.4.3) by means of the extraction device (1.4) and control of the extraction device (1.4) by means of a control device (1.7) by measuring the partial particles (1.1.3) extracted by the airflow (1.4.2) by means of an acceleration sensor (1.7.1) connected to the control device (1.7), characterized by Extraction of the partial particles ( 1 .1 .3 ) in a rising duct ( 1 .4.3.3 ) of the extraction duct (1.4.3 ) against gravity (g ), wherein the airflow (1.4.2) extracted partial particles (1.1.3) are transported in the rising duct (1.4.3.3) against gravity (G), Generating a pulse-dependent and continuous, time-varying sensor signal (1.7.2) with respect to a measured frequency spectrum by means of the accelerometer (1.7.1) by measuring the partial particles (1.1.3) transported in the airflow (1.4.2) and impacting the accelerometer (1.7.1) with an impact pulse (3) and transmitting the sensor signal (1.7.2) to the control device (1.7), wherein the sensor signals (1.7.2) exhibit time-varying oscillations with time-varying amplitudes and time-varying frequencies, wherein the oscillations are generated by the accelerometer (1.7) by the impact pulse (3) from the product particle (1.1.1) and / or fine particles (1.1.2) of the partial particles (1.1.3) onto the measuring area of ​​the accelerometer (1.7). wherein the control device (1.7) comprises a vibration characteristic value (1.7.8) that can be generated by the control device (1.7) based on the time-varying vibrations with time-varying amplitudes and time-varying frequencies of the sensor signal (1.7.2) with a sampling frequency (f), and wherein the control device (1.7) comprises a vibration characteristic value that can be generated by the control device (1.7) based on the vibration characteristic value (1 .7.1 .1 ) generateable control signal value (2) for controlling the airflow (1.4.2) of the extraction device (1.4), Generating a control signal value (2) using the control device (1.7) based on the time-varying oscillations with time-varying amplitudes and time-varying frequencies measured sensor signals (1.7.2), and Sending the control signal value (2) to the extraction device (1.4) to control the generated airflow (1.4.2) in the extraction duct (1.4.3) so that the extracted partial particles (1.1.3) comprise a definable mixture of product particles (1.1.1) and fine particles (1.1.2).

14. Method for extracting fine particles (1.1.2) from a material stream (1.1) according to claim 13, characterized by Detection of order impulses (3) of the partial particles (1.1.3) transported in the airflow (1.4.2) and impacting the measuring area (1.7.1.1.1) by the accelerometer (1.7.1) by means of mechanical vibrations, Generating a sensor signal (1.7.2) using the accelerometer (1.7.1 ) with a signal frequency spectrum (1.7.2.1 ) depending on the impact impulses (3) of the partial particles (1.1.3) comprising a suction mixture of product particles (1.1.1 ) and fine particles (1.1.2) and impacting the measuring area (1 .7.1 .1 .1 ) based on the detected mechanical vibrations and transmission of the sensor signal (1.7.2) to the control device (1.7), Generating a control signal (2) using the control device (1.7) based on the generated signal frequency spectrum (1.7.2.1), and Sending the control signal value (2) to the extraction device (1.4) to control the generated airflow (1.4.2) in the extraction duct (1.4.3) such that the extracted partial particles (1.1.3) comprise a definable extraction mixture of product particles (1.1.1) and fine particles (1.1.2).

15. Method for extracting fine particles (1.1.2) from a Material flow (1.1 ) according to one of claims 13 or 14, characterized by the following steps: Generating a vibration characteristic value (1.7.8) by the control device (1.7) based on the sensor signal (1.7.2); generating a control signal value (2) by means of the control device (1.7) based on the generated vibration characteristic value (1.7.8) of the sensor signal (1.7.2); and Sending the control signal value (2) to the extraction device (1.4) by the control device (1.7) to control the airflow (1.4.2) in the extraction duct (1.4.3) to extract the partial particles (1.1 .3).

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