Internal-external-pressure self-balancing mpa-level rigid high-pressure reservoir system and construction method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of compressed carbon dioxide energy storage. Disclosed are an internal-external-pressure self-balancing MPa-level rigid high-pressure reservoir system and a construction method. The internal-external-pressure self-balancing MPa-level rigid high-pressure reservoir system comprises a foundation structure, a gas storage chamber structure system, a top photovoltaic system, and a surface energy storage system. Through the synergistic effect of the foundation structure, the gas storage chamber structure system, the top photovoltaic system and the surface energy storage system, an integrated "new energy + energy storage" system is formed. The surface energy storage system can achieve rigid self-adaptive balance by means of the flexible arrangement of tensioned self-balancing shock absorption devices and slabs, beams and columns. Moreover, a bottom slab and side walls of the structure obtain reaction forces from the foundation or lateral confinement, thus ensuring relatively high safety. The internal-external-pressure self-balancing MPa-level rigid high-pressure reservoir system has a simple design, and its structural stability is easy to ensure. A top slab, as an exposed surface, is the most unfavorable position, and the present invention solves the problem of the compressive performance at this position. In addition, the internal-external-pressure self-balancing MPa-level rigid high-pressure reservoir system is not affected by the topography and landforms in the construction scenario, can be flexibly arranged on the ground, or semi-buried or shallowly buried underground, and can meet the requirements of various climate conditions.

Description

A self-balancing, megapascal-level rigid high-pressure storage system and its construction method Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of compressed carbon dioxide energy storage technology, specifically to a rigid high-pressure storage system with internal and external pressure self-balancing megapascal level and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Building energy storage systems related to new energy sources will be an important component of the future new power system based on new energy sources. Currently, energy storage technologies mainly include pumped hydro storage, compressed air storage, flywheel storage, battery storage, flow storage, and supercapacitors. Among these technologies, compressed air storage has attracted much attention due to its advantages such as long lifespan, large capacity, environmental friendliness, and flexible deployment.

[0003] Compressed air energy storage technology utilizes off-peak electricity or surplus wind and solar power to drive compressors that compress air, converting excess electrical energy into potential air energy stored in storage facilities such as salt caverns, rock caverns, artificial chambers, or other pressure vessels. The heat of compression is recovered using heat storage media such as hot water, thermal oil, or molten salt. During peak electricity demand periods, the high-pressure air released from the storage facility is heated and then used by an expander to drive a generator, thus achieving energy storage and release. Compressed air energy storage technology can serve as a hub for interaction between distributed energy sources and user-side energy, possessing multi-energy combined storage and supply characteristics, and can effectively solve the problems faced by multi-energy combined storage and supply in distributed integrated energy systems.

[0004] Chinese patent, publication number CN219529086U, discloses an underground gas storage structure for a compressed air energy storage power station converted from an open-pit mine. This utility model utilizes an abandoned open-pit mine as an underground compressed air energy storage facility. However, it does not describe in detail the stress process of the entire structure during the gas storage and release cycle, nor the changes in the system's energy storage and release processes. Furthermore, it does not design its sealing and insulation structure, resulting in low system efficiency.

[0005] Chinese patent, publication number CN117469575A, discloses a carbon dioxide energy storage system based on underground space and its construction method. This invention utilizes abandoned underground space and can recycle carbon dioxide stored underground on a large scale as an energy storage medium, effectively solving the difficulties of post-recycling processing of resources and the limited underground space resources. However, the structure of this invention is relatively conventional, the top plate of the high-pressure storage tank is an open surface and not tensile, and the construction method is relatively complex. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems of current high-pressure storage tanks having exposed roofs that lack tensile strength and requiring complex construction methods. This invention proposes a self-balancing, megapascal-level rigid high-pressure storage system and its construction method. Through the synergistic action of the foundation structure, gas storage tank structure system, roof photovoltaic system, and surface energy storage system, an integrated "new energy + energy storage" system is formed. This system fully utilizes the inherent pressure-bearing characteristics of reinforced concrete beams, slabs, columns, and walls, and adaptively balances the internal and external pressure differences through an elastic structure. Furthermore, the construction method is relatively simple, thus solving the problems of exposed roofs lacking tensile strength and complex construction methods in high-pressure storage tanks.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a rigid high-pressure storage system with self-balancing internal and external pressure at the megapascal level, comprising a foundation structure, a gas storage tank structure system, a roof photovoltaic system, and a surface energy storage system; in the foundation structure, if the surface is a hard rock layer, reinforced concrete needs to be poured into the foundation pit to form an extended raft foundation; if the underground foundation is a soft foundation, the soft foundation needs to be solidified according to the site conditions, and the soft foundation needs to be sloped with reinforced concrete panels, and the site needs to be leveled with backfill soil; according to the stress calculation of the gas storage tank structure system and the site geological conditions, several supporting ribs are evenly arranged on the outer surface of the gas storage tank to resist the constantly changing internal pressure of the gas storage tank;

[0008] The gas storage structure system is built on the foundation structure. The prefabricated arc-shaped vertical wall is connected to the extended raft foundation by riveting bolts and a pressure inlet valve is reserved. Several reinforced concrete columns are built inside the gas storage. Each reinforced concrete column is equipped with a tension self-balancing damping device at the top. The tension self-balancing damping device is supported by a reinforced concrete beam. A circular reinforced concrete top plate is poured on top of the reinforced concrete beam to form a rigid internal and external pressure tension self-balancing high-pressure storage structure.

[0009] The top photovoltaic system is built on top of the gas storage tank structure system through a truss structure, and the internal energy generated by the photothermal effect is converted into electrical energy through an energy conversion system.

[0010] The surface energy storage system includes a ground-mounted, temperature-controlled, insulated surface energy storage system building for housing power or energy storage equipment, and related control valves.

[0011] Preferably, the internal space structure wall of the gas storage tank system is provided with a sealed heat insulation layer, and a sensing and detection device is preset on the inner wall of the gas storage tank. The pressure balance inside and outside the gas storage tank is adjusted by a venting valve. The gas storage tank is connected to a carbon circulation device through a connecting pipeline.

[0012] Preferably, the gas storage structure system is divided into an energy storage change process and an energy release change process according to the energy change process;

[0013] The energy storage change process includes the following: when not in operation, the weight of the top photovoltaic system, reinforced concrete beams, and circular reinforced concrete roof slab is supported by prefabricated curved walls, reinforced concrete columns, and the foundation structure; when the pressure inside the gas storage chamber increases from 0.1 MPa to a certain multiple of a unit megapascal, the tensioned self-balancing damping device gradually changes from a compressed state to a tensile state due to the increased pressure inside the gas storage chamber, thereby achieving an adaptive balance between the internal and external pressures of the gas storage chamber; when the pressure inside the gas storage chamber reaches a certain multiple of a unit megapascal, the tension of the tensioned self-balancing damping device is at its maximum, and it does work on the energy storage of the compressor, the pressure inside the gas storage chamber slowly decreases, and the tensioned self-balancing damping device changes from a tensile state to a compressed state.

[0014] Preferably, the energy release process includes high-pressure gas carbon flowing back to the gas storage chamber through a slow-release valve. At this time, the pressure inside the chamber changes from the atmospheric pressure of 0.1 MPa back to a pressure multiple of a certain unit megapascal, and the tension self-balancing damping device changes from a compressed state to a tensile state.

[0015] Preferably, the surface energy storage system includes an energy storage change process and an energy release change process;

[0016] The energy storage process involves filling the storage chamber with gaseous carbon dioxide via a carbon cycle device, and then venting the air in the storage chamber through a vent valve. The pressure in the low-pressure chamber increases from 0.1 MPa to a certain multiple of megapascals. By adjusting the pressure transformer valve, the pressure of the stored low-pressure carbon dioxide decreases from a certain multiple of megapascals to 0.1 MPa, ensuring that the pressure of the low-pressure carbon dioxide entering the compressor remains constant at atmospheric pressure. Under the action of the compressor, the carbon dioxide changes from low pressure to high pressure. The high-pressure carbon dioxide is then liquefied into high-pressure liquid carbon in a high-pressure metal tank under constant operating conditions of 15°C and 6 MPa.

[0017] Preferably, during the energy release process, the high-pressure liquid carbon is vaporized into high-pressure gaseous carbon by the compression heat of the heat storage tank, and then converted into low-pressure gaseous carbon by an expander. The low-pressure gaseous carbon, which is 0.1 MPa higher than the normal pressure, is gradually and gently filled into the low-pressure gas storage chamber through a slow-release valve until the pressure of the gas storage chamber increases from the normal pressure of 0.1 MPa to a pressure multiple of a certain unit of megapascals.

[0018] A method for constructing a self-balancing megapascal-level rigid high-pressure storage system applicable to an internal and external pressure self-balancing system includes the following steps:

[0019] S1. Develop a suitable construction plan based on the geological conditions of the project site, select a suitable site and carry out foundation treatment;

[0020] S2. Precast curved walls are installed on the side walls of the gas storage structure system. The precast curved walls are connected by riveting bolts. Reinforced concrete beams are arranged on the top of the reinforced concrete columns. A circular reinforced concrete top slab is then poured on top of the reinforced concrete beams. At the same time, a tensioned self-balancing damping device is installed on the top of each reinforced concrete column. A sealed heat insulation layer is installed on the internal space structural wall of the gas storage structure system, and a carbon circulation device, a ventilation valve and a sensing detection device are connected through connecting pipelines.

[0021] S3. In accordance with energy planning requirements, a roof photovoltaic system is constructed on the upper part of the gas storage structure system through a truss structure, photovoltaic modules are arranged, and the power conversion system and the surface energy storage system are connected.

[0022] S4. Construct a constant-temperature and heat-insulated surface energy storage system building on a flat ground to house power or energy storage equipment, and utilize the phase conversion of carbon dioxide to complete the energy storage and release process.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0024] 1. This invention forms an integrated "new energy + energy storage" system through the synergistic effect of the foundation structure, gas storage tank structure system, roof photovoltaic system and surface energy storage system. It fully utilizes the bearing characteristics of reinforced concrete beams, slabs, columns and walls, and uses elastic structure to adaptively balance the internal and external pressure difference. At the same time, the construction method is relatively simple, which solves the problems of the high-pressure storage tank roof being an open surface that is not tensile and the construction method being relatively complicated.

[0025] 2. The structural design of this invention has significant advantages over traditional surface-mounted metal tank gas storage and deep-buried gas storage systems, offering better economic efficiency and simpler construction. The energy storage system utilizes a tensioned self-balancing damping device and a flexible arrangement of slab-beam-column structures to achieve self-adaptive equilibrium of its own energy rigidity. Simultaneously, the base plate and sidewalls of the structure are provided with reaction forces by the foundation or lateral confinement, ensuring relative safety. Its design is simple, and structural stability is easily guaranteed. The top plate, being an exposed surface and the most unfavorable location, is addressed in this invention by improving its compressive strength. Furthermore, its construction is not affected by terrain or topography, allowing for flexible placement on the ground, semi-buried, or shallowly buried underground, meeting the requirements of various climatic conditions.

[0026] 3. The wind and photovoltaic power generation projects of this invention have a wide range of construction and application scenarios. The closed-loop compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system can be used in conjunction with energy project construction, which has strong commercial value for the promotion of integrated "new energy + energy storage" projects. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings.

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the surface-type integrated energy storage system of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structural plate, beam and column arrangement of the gas storage tank system of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic system on the top of the gas storage tank of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the shallow-buried integrated energy storage system of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a parallel gas storage system of several gas storage tanks according to the present invention.

[0033] The components represented by each number in the attached diagram are listed below: 1 – Foundation structure; 2 – Gas storage tank structure system; 3 – Roof photovoltaic system; 4 – Surface energy storage system; 101 – Extended raft foundation; 102 – Reinforced concrete panel; 103 – Supporting ribs; 104 – Backfill soil; 201 – Precast curved wall; 202 – Pressure inlet valve; 203 – Reinforced concrete column; 204 – Tensioned self-balancing damping device; 205 – Reinforced concrete beam; 206 – Reinforced concrete roof slab; 207 – Sealing and insulation. Layer; 208-Carbon circulation device; 209-Connecting pipeline; 210-Vent valve; 211-Sensing and detection device; 212-Riveting bolt; 301-Truss structure; 302-Photovoltaic module; 303-Electricity conversion system; 401-Transformer valve; 402-Low-pressure gas carbon; 403-Compressor; 404-Heat storage tank; 405-High-pressure metal tank; 406-High-pressure liquid carbon; 407-High-pressure gas carbon; 408-Expander; 409-Slow-release valve. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only one preferred embodiment of this invention and are only used to explain this invention. They do not limit the scope of protection of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0035] Example 1: As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a self-balancing megapascal-level rigid high-pressure storage system includes a foundation structure 1, a gas storage tank structure system 2, a roof photovoltaic system 3, and a surface energy storage system 4. In the foundation structure 1, if the surface is a hard rock layer, reinforced concrete needs to be poured into the foundation pit to form an extended raft foundation 101. If the underground foundation is a soft foundation, the soft foundation needs to be solidified according to the site conditions. At the same time, the soft foundation needs to be sloped with reinforced concrete panels 102, and the site needs to be leveled with backfill soil 104. According to the stress calculation of the gas storage tank structure system and the site geological conditions, several supporting ribs 103 are evenly arranged on the outer surface of the gas storage tank to resist the constantly changing internal pressure of the gas storage tank.

[0036] The gas storage structure system 2 is built on the foundation structure 1. The prefabricated arc-shaped vertical wall 201 is connected to the extended raft foundation 101 by riveting bolts 212, and a pressure inlet valve 202 is reserved. Several reinforced concrete columns 203 are built inside the gas storage. Each reinforced concrete column 203 is equipped with a tension self-balancing damping device 204 at the top. The tension self-balancing damping device 204 is supported by a reinforced concrete beam 205. A circular reinforced concrete top plate 206 is poured above the reinforced concrete beam 205 to form a rigid internal and external pressure tension self-balancing high-pressure storage structure.

[0037] The top photovoltaic system 3 is built on the top of the gas storage tank structure system via a truss structure 301 to construct a top photovoltaic module 302, and converts the internal energy generated by the photothermal effect into electrical energy through an energy conversion system 303.

[0038] The surface energy storage system includes a ground-mounted, temperature-controlled, insulated surface energy storage system building for housing power or energy storage equipment, and related control valves.

[0039] This embodiment forms an integrated "new energy + energy storage" system through the synergistic effect of the foundation structure, gas storage structure system, roof photovoltaic system and surface energy storage system. It fully utilizes the bearing characteristics of reinforced concrete beams, slabs, columns and walls, and uses elastic structure to adaptively balance the internal and external pressure difference. At the same time, the construction method is relatively simple, which solves the problems of the high-pressure storage tank roof being an open surface that is not tensile and the construction method being relatively complicated.

[0040] Specifically, the internal space structure wall of the gas storage chamber structure system 2 is provided with a sealing and heat insulation layer 207, and a sensing and detection device 211 is preset on the inner wall of the gas storage chamber. The pressure balance inside and outside the gas storage chamber is adjusted by the ventilation valve 210. The gas storage chamber is connected to the carbon circulation device 208 through the connecting pipe 209.

[0041] The structural design of this embodiment has significant advantages over traditional surface-mounted metal tank gas storage and deep-buried gas storage systems, offering better economic efficiency and simpler construction. The energy storage system utilizes a tensioned self-balancing damping device and a flexible arrangement of slab-beam-column structures to achieve self-adaptive equilibrium of its own energy rigidity. Simultaneously, the base plate and sidewalls of the structure are provided with reaction forces by the foundation or lateral confinement, ensuring relative safety. Its design is simple, and structural stability is easily guaranteed. The top plate, being an exposed surface and the most unfavorable location, has its compressive strength addressed in this invention. Furthermore, its construction is not affected by terrain; it can be flexibly arranged on the ground, partially buried, or shallowly buried underground, meeting the requirements of various climatic conditions.

[0042] Specifically, the gas storage structure system 2 is divided into an energy storage change process and an energy release change process according to the energy change process;

[0043] The energy storage change process includes the following: when not in operation, the weight of the top photovoltaic system 3, reinforced concrete beam 205, and circular reinforced concrete roof slab 206 is supported by precast curved walls 201, reinforced concrete columns 203, and foundation structure 1; when the pressure inside the gas storage chamber increases from 0.1 MPa to a certain multiple of a unit megapascal, due to the increase in pressure inside the gas storage chamber, the tension self-balancing damping device 204 gradually changes from a compressed state to a tensile state, thereby achieving an adaptive balance state between the internal and external pressures of the gas storage chamber; when the pressure inside the gas storage chamber reaches a certain multiple of a unit megapascal, the tension of the tension self-balancing damping device 204 is at its maximum, and it does work on the energy storage of the compressor 403, the pressure inside the gas storage chamber slowly decreases, and the tension self-balancing damping device 204 changes from a tensile state to a compressed state.

[0044] Specifically, the energy release process includes the high-pressure carbon gas 407 flowing back to the gas storage chamber through the slow-release valve 409. At this time, the pressure inside the chamber changes from the atmospheric pressure of 0.1 MPa back to a pressure of a certain unit megapascal, and the tension self-balancing damping device 204 changes from a compressed state to a tensile state.

[0045] Specifically, the surface energy storage system 4 includes an energy storage change process and an energy release change process;

[0046] The energy storage process involves filling the storage chamber with gaseous carbon dioxide via a carbon cycle device 208, and discharging the air from the storage chamber through a vent valve 210. The pressure in the low-pressure chamber increases from 0.1 MPa to a certain multiple of megapascals. By adjusting the pressure transformer valve 401, the pressure of the stored low-pressure carbon gas 402 decreases from a certain multiple of megapascals to 0.1 MPa, ensuring that the pressure of the low-pressure carbon gas 402 entering the compressor 403 remains constant at atmospheric pressure. Under the action of the compressor 403, the carbon dioxide changes from low pressure to high pressure. The high-pressure carbon gas 407 is liquefied into high-pressure liquid carbon 406 in the high-pressure metal tank 405 under constant operating conditions of 15°C and 6 MPa.

[0047] Specifically, during the energy release process, the high-pressure liquid carbon 406 is vaporized into high-pressure gaseous carbon 407 by the compression heat of the heat storage tank 404, and then converted into low-pressure gaseous carbon 402 by the expander 408. The low-pressure gaseous carbon 402, which is greater than the atmospheric pressure of 0.1 MPa, is gradually and smoothly filled into the low-pressure gas storage chamber through the slow release valve 409 until the pressure of the gas storage chamber increases from the atmospheric pressure of 0.1 MPa to a pressure of a certain unit megapascal.

[0048] A method for constructing a self-balancing megapascal-level rigid high-pressure storage system applicable to an internal and external pressure self-balancing system includes the following steps:

[0049] S1. Develop a suitable construction plan based on the geological conditions of the project site, select a suitable site and carry out foundation treatment;

[0050] S2. Precast arc-shaped vertical walls 201 are set on the side walls of the gas storage structure system 2. The precast arc-shaped vertical walls 201 are connected by riveting bolts 212. Reinforced concrete beams 205 are arranged on the top of reinforced concrete columns 203. Then, a circular reinforced concrete top plate 206 is poured on top of the reinforced concrete beams 205. At the same time, a tension self-balancing damping device 204 is set on the top of each reinforced concrete column 203. A sealing insulation layer 207 is set on the internal space structure wall of the gas storage structure system 2, and a carbon circulation device 208, a ventilation valve 210 and a sensing and detection device 211 are connected through a connecting pipe 209.

[0051] S3. According to the energy planning requirements, a top photovoltaic system 3 is built on the upper part of the gas storage structure system 2 through a truss structure 301, photovoltaic modules 302 are arranged, and the power conversion system 303 and the surface energy storage system 4 are connected.

[0052] S4. Construct a constant-temperature and heat-insulated surface energy storage system building on a flat ground to house power or energy storage equipment, and utilize the phase conversion of carbon dioxide to complete the energy storage and release process.

[0053] This embodiment provides a detailed explanation (principle, etc.) of the effects, purpose, or a certain feature of the embodiment, and expands on the content.

[0054] Furthermore, specifically as follows:

[0055] The plan can be adjusted according to the characteristics of different underground space scenarios.

[0056] Construction site: Different gas storage construction forms can be selected and adjusted according to different foundation types, such as natural soft foundation, hard foundation, artificial foundation, etc. They can be flexibly arranged on the ground, semi-buried or shallowly buried underground. Figure 1 shows the scenario of arrangement on the ground, and Figure 4 shows the scenario of shallow burial underground.

[0057] Combination form: Due to the limited volume of a single gas storage structure, it may not meet the demand for large-capacity gas storage. Multiple gas storage structures can be connected in parallel to effectively solve the problem of poor economic efficiency caused by the excessive span of a single large-capacity gas storage structure. The arrangement is shown in Figure 5.

[0058] Force distribution: The present invention forms a joint force distribution system by tension self-balancing damping device and beam, slab, column and wall. Alternatively, the tension self-balancing damping device can be replaced with other new elastic structures or devices, or tension anchor cables can be installed inside or outside the gas storage structure to resist the cyclic pressure change of the inner and outer gas storage chambers.

[0059] Coupling Form: This energy storage structure system can be integrated with distributed photovoltaic projects, centralized photovoltaic projects, distributed wind power projects and centralized wind power projects, etc., according to the application scenario. It can effectively solve the problems of poor stability and large fluctuations caused by seasonality, and effectively improve the safety and quality of the power grid.

[0060] Example 2: This example provides a rigid high-pressure storage structure with self-balancing internal and external pressure at the megapascal level. The main components include a foundation structure 1, a gas storage structure system 2, a roof photovoltaic system 3, and a surface energy storage system 4.

[0061] The foundation structure 1 includes an extended raft foundation 101, a reinforced concrete panel 102, supporting ribs 103, and backfill soil 104. The construction site for the rigid gas storage structure system 2 is adapted to local conditions; it can be completely buried underground, partially buried underground, or entirely built on flat ground. If the surface is hard rock, the surface soil is removed, and after excavation to a certain depth, reinforced concrete is poured into the foundation pit to form the extended raft foundation 101. If the underground foundation is soft, it is excavated deeper into the ground using machinery or manpower until the hard rock layer is reached, or a certain thickness of soft subgrade is solidified using physical, chemical, or biological methods. Simultaneously, structures such as ground beams are reinforced to support the weight of the building, thereby improving the overall stability of the building's foundation. Based on the stress calculations of the gas storage structure and the site geological conditions, several supporting ribs 103 are appropriately and evenly arranged outside the main structure to resist the constantly changing internal pressure of the gas storage. If the gas storage tank is a sunken semi-buried type, the adjacent soft foundation needs to be protected with reinforced concrete panels 102 to prevent the impact of extreme natural disasters and other factors on the overall structural stability. Finally, the site is filled with backfill soil 104.

[0062] The gas storage tank structure system 2 is constructed on the foundation structure 1. To ensure more uniform stress distribution and enhance the practicality and safety of the structure, the overall structure of the gas storage tank structure system 2 is designed as a cylinder. The diameter of the cylinder can be flexibly designed according to site conditions and requirements, meaning the diameter is not limited. Several prefabricated curved vertical walls 201 are installed on the extended raft foundation 101. One of the walls has a reserved position for a pressure-bearing inlet valve 202, allowing personnel to enter the tank for daily inspection and maintenance. The prefabricated curved vertical walls 201 are connected and fixed together using riveting bolts 212. Several reinforced concrete columns 203 are built on its inner side to bear the force transmitted by the upper structure. Tension self-balancing damping devices 204 are installed on each column to provide a buffer between the columns and beams when the gas pressure inside the gas storage tank changes cyclically, thereby ensuring that the structure is in a dynamic equilibrium state. Reinforced concrete beams 205 are evenly distributed on the upper part of the damping devices, and a circular reinforced concrete top plate 206 is poured on the top of the beams, so that the structure forms a rigid high-pressure storage tank structure with internal and external pressure tension self-balancing.

[0063] The gas storage structure system 2 requires a sealed heat insulation layer 207 to be installed on the internal structural walls of the gas storage chamber. This layer can be made of rubber, flexible airbag membrane, polymer fiber material, etc., to prevent internal carbon dioxide leakage and temperature convection exchange between the inside and outside. Regarding heat insulation, since there are no restrictions on the placement of the gas storage chamber, it can be above ground, partially buried underground, or entirely underground. Different placement methods require different heat insulation treatments. In particularly hot areas or regions with large temperature variations, it is suitable to place the gas storage structure system 2 underground, utilizing the excavated soil and rock waste as a covering layer. Because underground spaces are less affected by surface temperature changes, their temperature is more stable, making it easier to meet the heat insulation requirements of the gas storage chamber. If the local climate is relatively mild, the gas storage system can be placed above ground, with constant temperature heat insulation materials installed inside. Simultaneously, sensors 211 for physical parameters such as temperature, humidity, pressure, and deformation are pre-embedded in the inner walls of the gas storage chamber to monitor changes in the internal environment in real time, and venting valves are used to regulate the pressure balance inside and outside the gas storage chamber. Secondly, a carbon circulation device 208 is connected via a connecting pipe 209 to control the carbon dioxide concentration inside the gas storage tank. A drainage system is installed around the gas storage tank as needed, depending on site conditions.

[0064] The energy storage process of the gas storage chamber structure system 2 is as follows: When not in operation, the photovoltaic system 3 at the top of the structure and the self-weight of the beams and slabs transfer force to the precast curved wall 201 and reinforced concrete column 203. At this time, the load-bearing structure is under pressure, and the tensioned self-balancing damping device 204 is also under pressure. When the pressure inside the chamber increases from 0.1 MPa to a certain multiple of a unit megapascal, due to the increase in internal pressure, the tensioned self-balancing damping device 204 gradually changes from a compressed state to a tensile state, thereby achieving an adaptive balance between the internal and external pressures of the gas storage chamber. When the pressure inside the chamber reaches a certain multiple of a unit megapascal, the tension of the damping device is at its maximum, and it then begins to do work on energy storage for the compressor 403. The internal pressure then slowly decreases, and the tensioned self-balancing damping device 204 changes from a tensile state back to a compressed state.

[0065] The structure of the gas storage chamber 2 undergoes the following energy release process: High-pressure carbon gas 407 slowly flows back into the gas storage chamber through the slow-release valve 409. At this time, the pressure inside the chamber changes from the atmospheric pressure of 0.1 MPa back to a pressure of a certain unit megapascal. The tension self-balancing damping device 204 changes from a compressed state to a tensile state. Throughout the process, the pressure inside the gas storage chamber changes continuously, and the tension self-balancing damping device 204 continuously changes elastically, i.e., contracts or relaxes, thereby achieving an adaptive equilibrium state. This ensures that the columns and walls will not detach from the beams and slabs due to the dynamic changes in internal pressure, thus guaranteeing the overall stability of the structure.

[0066] As shown in Figure 3, the top photovoltaic system 3, with its top photovoltaic modules mounted on the gas storage structure system 2 via a truss structure 301, forms a "photovoltaic-storage" coupled system. The internal energy generated by the photothermal effect flows through the power conversion system 303 to generate electricity, which then drives the compressor 403 within the surface energy storage system. Simultaneously, the photovoltaic modules 302, positioned above the gas storage structure system 2, can partially block sunlight, helping to maintain the temperature stability of the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system. In areas where photovoltaic power generation systems are built, there is generally ample sunlight. Since the photovoltaic modules generate electricity using solar radiation, placing the photovoltaic system above the energy storage system can effectively block some sunlight, thus helping to maintain the temperature stability of the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system.

[0067] The energy storage system 4 described above has the following energy storage change process: gaseous carbon dioxide is introduced through the carbon circulation device 208, and the air in the gas storage chamber is discharged through the vent valve 210 until all the air is discharged. The pressure in the low-pressure gas chamber increases from 0.1 MPa to a certain multiple of a unit megapascal. Before the low-pressure gas carbon 402 is introduced into the compressor 403, a pressure regulating valve 401 is installed on the pipeline. By adjusting, the pressure of the stored low-pressure gas carbon 402 is slowly reduced from a certain multiple of a unit megapascal to 0.1 MPa, so that the pressure when it enters the compressor 403 is kept constant at atmospheric pressure. Under the action of the compressor 403, the carbon dioxide changes from low pressure to high pressure. The high-pressure gas carbon 407 is liquefied into high-pressure liquid carbon 406 in the high-pressure metal tank 405 under constant operating conditions of 15°C and 6 MPa.

[0068] The surface energy storage system 4 has the following energy release process: High-pressure liquid carbon 406 is vaporized into high-pressure gaseous carbon 407 using the compression heat of the heat storage tank 404, and then converted into low-pressure gaseous carbon 402 by the expander 408. A slow-release valve 409 is installed on the return gas pipeline. Since the low-pressure gaseous state output by the expander 408 is 0.1 MPa, which is greater than the atmospheric pressure of 0.1 MPa, the low-pressure gaseous carbon 402, which is greater than the atmospheric pressure of 0.1 MPa, is gradually and smoothly filled into the low-pressure gas storage chamber through the slow-release valve 409 until the pressure of the gas storage chamber changes from the atmospheric pressure of 0.1 MPa back to a pressure of a certain unit megapascal.

[0069] A preferred embodiment is that the outer surface of the sealing insulation layer 207 is coated with a waterproof and corrosion-resistant coating.

[0070] Example 3: This example provides a construction method and sequence for a self-balancing megapascal-level rigid high-pressure reservoir structure. The specific construction steps of this method are as follows:

[0071] Step 1: This invention is applicable to a wide range of terrains. A suitable construction plan should be developed based on the geological conditions of the project site, and foundation treatment should be carried out after selecting the target plot. When the surface is hard rock, the surface covering soil is removed, and then an extended raft foundation 101 is poured according to the principles of building foundation construction. When the underground foundation is soft, it is necessary to excavate down to the hard rock layer and then harden the foundation to reinforce it into a load-bearing foundation. When appropriate, effective prevention measures are taken against unstable slopes using supporting ribs 103 to reinforce the outer side of the main structure and reinforced concrete panels 102.

[0072] Step two: The sidewalls of the gas storage structure system 2 are constructed using prefabricated curved vertical walls 201, which are connected together using riveting bolts 212. Next, reinforced concrete beams 205 are arranged on reinforced concrete columns 203, with several beams 205 evenly distributed radially at the top of the columns. After the beams are installed, a reinforced concrete roof slab 206 for the cylindrical gas storage tank is installed above them. Simultaneously, to maintain internal and external pressure balance during operation, a tension self-balancing damping device 204 is installed to effectively prevent tensile damage to the columns. Furthermore, a sealed insulation layer 207 is installed on the inner wall of the structure, and subsequently, a carbon circulation device 208, a vent valve 210, and a sensor detection device 211 are connected via a connecting pipe 209.

[0073] Step 3: In accordance with energy planning requirements, a rooftop photovoltaic system 3 is constructed on the upper part of the gas storage structure system 2 via a truss structure 301. The arrangement of the photovoltaic modules 302 must be based on principles such as the wiring of the transmission and transformation circuit and the stress balance of the main structure, and connected to the power conversion system 303 and the surface energy storage system 4 via connecting lines.

[0074] Step four involves constructing a temperature-controlled, insulated surface energy storage system building 4 on a flat surface. This building houses power or energy storage equipment such as compressors 403, expanders 408, thermal storage tanks 404, and high-pressure metal tanks 405. The system utilizes the phase-cycle conversion of carbon dioxide to complete the energy storage and release process. Both compressors 403 and expanders 408 can be multi-stage combinations, allowing for a compact arrangement of equipment within the plant, such as stacking the high-pressure metal tanks 405.

[0075] The above-described specific embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the specific scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, these specific embodiments. All equivalent changes made in accordance with the shape, structure, and method of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mega-pascal rigid high-pressure storage system with internal and external pressure self-balancing, comprising a foundation structure (1), a gas storage structure system (2), a top photovoltaic system (3), and a ground energy storage system (4); in the foundation structure (1), if the ground is hard rock layer, a reinforced concrete is poured into the foundation pit to form an extended raft foundation (101); if the ground is soft foundation, the soft foundation is solidified according to the site conditions, and the soft foundation is treated with a reinforced concrete panel (102) for slope protection, and the site is filled with backfill soil (104); according to the stress calculation of the gas storage structure system and the site geological conditions, a plurality of support rib plates (103) are uniformly arranged on the outer surface of the gas storage structure for resisting the changing internal pressure of the gas storage structure; the gas storage structure system (2) is built on the foundation structure (1), a prefabricated arc-shaped vertical wall (201) is connected to the extended raft foundation (101) by riveting bolts (212), and a pressure inlet valve (202) is reserved; a plurality of reinforced concrete columns (203) are built on the inner side of the gas storage structure, and a tension self-balancing damping device (204) is arranged at the top of each reinforced concrete column (203); a reinforced concrete beam (205) is carried on the upper part of the tension self-balancing damping device (204), and a circular reinforced concrete top plate (206) is poured on the upper part of the reinforced concrete beam (205) to form a rigid high-pressure storage structure with internal and external pressure tension self-balancing; the top photovoltaic system (3) builds a top photovoltaic assembly (302) on the top of the gas storage structure system through a truss structure (301), and converts the internal energy generated by the photo-thermal effect into electrical energy through an electrical energy conversion system (303); the ground energy storage system includes a ground constant-temperature adiabatic ground energy storage system plant for accommodating power or energy storage equipment and related control valves. 2.The mega-pascal rigid high-pressure storage system with internal and external pressure self-balancing according to claim 1, wherein: a sealing and heat insulation layer (207) is arranged on the inner space structure wall of the gas storage structure system (2), and a sensing and detecting device (211) is preset on the inner wall of the gas storage structure; the internal and external pressures of the gas storage structure are balanced through a ventilation valve (210); and the gas storage structure is connected to a carbon cycle device (208) through a communication pipeline (209). 3.The mega-pascal rigid high-pressure storage system with internal and external pressure self-balancing according to claim 2, wherein: the gas storage structure system (2) is divided into an energy storage change process and an energy release change process according to the energy change process. ​ ​ ​ The energy storage change process includes that when not running, the weight of the top photovoltaic system (3), the reinforced concrete crossbeam (205) and the circular reinforced concrete roof (206) is supported by the prefabricated arc-shaped vertical wall (201), the reinforced concrete column (203) and the foundation structure (1); when the pressure in the gas storage warehouse is from 0.1 MPa to a certain unit MPa multiple pressure, the tension self-balancing damping device (204) gradually changes from the compressed state to the tension state due to the increase of the pressure in the gas storage warehouse, so as to achieve the self-adaptive balance state of the pressure in and out of the gas storage warehouse; when the pressure in the gas storage warehouse reaches a certain unit MPa multiple pressure, the tension self-balancing damping device (204) reaches the maximum tension at this time, and does work to store energy to the compressor (403), the pressure in the gas storage warehouse slowly decreases, and the tension self-balancing damping device (204) changes from the tension state to the compression state.

4. The inner and outer pressure self-balancing megapascal rigid high-pressure storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The energy release change process includes that the high-pressure gas carbon (407) returns to the gas storage warehouse through the slow-release valve (409), at this time, the pressure in the warehouse changes from the normal pressure 0.1 MPa state to a certain unit MPa multiple pressure, and the tension self-balancing damping device (204) changes from the compression state to the tension state.

5. The inner and outer pressure self-balancing megapascal rigid high-pressure storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground energy storage system (4) includes an energy storage change process and an energy release change process; The energy storage change process fills the gaseous carbon dioxide through the carbon cycle device (208), discharges the air in the gas storage warehouse through the ventilation valve (210), the low-pressure gas warehouse pressure is from 0.1 MPa to a certain unit MPa multiple pressure, the stored low-pressure gas carbon (402) is reduced from a certain unit MPa multiple pressure to 0.1 MPa by adjusting the variable pressure valve (401), the pressure of the low-pressure gas carbon (402) entering the compressor (403) is kept in a constant normal pressure state, the carbon dioxide is converted from low pressure to high pressure under the action of the compressor (403), and the high-pressure gas carbon (407) is liquefied into high-pressure liquid carbon (406) under the condition of 15 DEG C and 6 MPa in the high-pressure metal tank (405).

6. The inner and outer pressure self-balancing megapascal rigid high-pressure storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the energy release change process, the compressed heat of the heat storage tank (404) is used to gasify the high-pressure liquid carbon (406) into high-pressure gas carbon (407), and then the high-pressure gas carbon (407) is converted into low-pressure gas carbon (402) through the expander (408), and the low-pressure gas carbon (402) greater than the normal pressure 0.1 MPa is gradually and gently filled into the low-pressure gas storage warehouse until the pressure of the gas storage warehouse increases from the normal pressure 0.1 MPa state to a certain unit MPa multiple pressure.

7. A method for constructing an inner-outer pressure self-balanced mega-pascal rigid high-pressure storage system, suitable for the inner-outer pressure self-balanced mega-pascal rigid high-pressure storage system as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1. According to the geological conditions of the project site, an appropriate construction scheme is formulated, an appropriate plot is selected, and the foundation is treated. S2, in the side wall of the gas storage structure system (2) is provided with prefabricated arc-shaped vertical wall (201), prefabricated arc-shaped vertical wall (201) is connected through riveting bolt (212), and the reinforced concrete cross beam (205) is arranged on the top of the reinforced concrete column (203); then the circular reinforced concrete roof (206) is poured on the top of the reinforced concrete cross beam (205), and the tension self-balancing damping device (204) is arranged on the top of each reinforced concrete column (203); the sealing and heat insulation layer (207) is arranged on the internal space structure wall surface of the gas storage structure system (2), and the carbon cycle device (208), the air vent valve (210) and the sensing and detecting device (211) are connected through the communication pipeline (209); S3, according to the energy planning requirement, the top photovoltaic system (3) is built on the upper part of the gas storage structure system (2) through the truss structure (301), the photovoltaic module (302) is arranged, the electric energy conversion system (303) and the ground energy storage system (4) are connected; S4, the constant-temperature heat-insulated ground energy storage system plant house is built on the flat ground to accommodate power or energy storage equipment, and the energy storage and energy release process is completed by using the phase cycle conversion of carbon dioxide.

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