Display panel, display screen and electronic device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of display panels. Disclosed are a display panel, a display screen and an electronic device. A CGL of the display panel comprises an N-CGL, an i-CGL and a P-CGL, which are sequentially stacked. When the i-CGL is made of an organic material, the LUMO energy level of the organic material is less than or equal to -3.5 eV; and when the i-CGL is made of an inorganic material, a work function of the inorganic material is greater than or equal to 3.5 eV. In particular, the Fermi level of the i-CGL is lower than the Fermi level of a host material of the P-CGL, and the thickness of the i-CGL may be any value less than or equal to 15 nm (especially less than 5 nm). In this case, the charge generation capabilities of the N-CGL, the i-CGL and the P-CGL in a direction parallel to the thickness of the CGL are improved, and the sheet resistance in a direction perpendicular to the thickness of the CGL is greater than 1 GΩ / □, such that sub-pixels can emit light with high efficiency and low power consumption, and a voltage value obtained by one sub-pixel by means of voltage division from a driving voltage of another sub-pixel is relatively small, thereby reducing or even eliminating the crosstalk between the sub-pixels.

Description

Display panel, display screen and electronic device

[0001] The present application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 202410807734.4, filed on June 20, 2024, and entitled "Display panel, display screen and electronic device", the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to the technical field of display panel, and in particular to a display panel, a display screen and an electronic device. BACKGROUND

[0003] Tandem OLED (tandem organic light-emitting diode) is an OLED device structure formed by stacking multiple conventional OLED devices in series through a CGL (charge generation layer). The display panel manufactured by using the Tandem OLED technology has the characteristics of high brightness, low power consumption and long service life.

[0004] However, due to the high lateral conductivity of the CGL (for example, the conductivity parallel to the direction in which the OLED devices in the display panel are connected in series), the Tandem OLED display panel may have lateral light emission cross talk between sub-pixels (for example, a red sub-pixel and a blue sub-pixel are adjacent in a pixel, in a scenario where the pixel needs to emit blue light, when a driving voltage is input to the blue sub-pixel to drive the blue sub-pixel to emit blue light, the red sub-pixel may be mistakenly driven to emit weak red light due to the lateral conductivity of the CGL, so that the blue light emitted by the pixel is mixed with red light), which may cause problems such as reduction of color gamut, color shift, abnormal display of the picture, etc. SUMMARY

[0005] The embodiments of the present application provide a display panel, a display screen and an electronic device, which are beneficial to reduce or even eliminate the cross talk between sub-pixels in the Tandem OLED display panel.

[0006] In a first aspect, a display panel is provided, comprising: an anode layer, a plurality of light-emitting layers, a cathode, and a plurality of charge generation layers; wherein: the plurality of light-emitting layers and the plurality of charge generation layers are disposed between the anode layer and the cathode, and one charge generation layer is disposed between each two light-emitting layers; the charge generation layer comprises an N-type charge generation layer, an insertion layer, and a P-type charge generation layer stacked in a first direction in sequence, wherein the first direction is a direction in which the anode layer points to the cathode, and the charge generation layer has a sheet resistance greater than 1 GΩ / □ in a direction perpendicular to the first direction; and corresponding to the insertion layer being an organic material, a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the organic material is less than or equal to -3.5 eV; or corresponding to the insertion layer being an inorganic material, a work function of the inorganic material is greater than or equal to 3.5 eV.

[0007] In the display panel, by adopting the three-layer (N-type charge generation layer, insertion layer, and P-type charge generation layer) structure charge generation layer, the charge generation layer of the display panel has a sheet resistance greater than 1 GΩ / □ in a direction perpendicular to the first direction (for example, any direction in the X-Y plane below, transverse direction). In this way, the voltage value obtained by the light-emitting unit of one sub-pixel from the voltage division of the driving voltage of other sub-pixels can be reduced, so that the possibility of the sub-pixel being driven to emit light by the voltage value obtained by the voltage division is reduced, and even the crosstalk between the sub-pixels in the Tandem OLED display panel is reduced or even eliminated. In addition, compared with the scheme of relieving the crosstalk between the sub-pixels by arranging a separation column between the sub-pixels, the manufacturing cost of the display panel can be reduced.

[0008] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the thickness of the insertion layer is less than or equal to 15 nm.

[0009] In this implementation, the smaller the thickness of the insertion layer, the smaller the sheet resistance of the insertion layer in the direction perpendicular to the first direction. In the case where the thickness of the insertion layer is less than or equal to 15 nm, the voltage value obtained by the light-emitting unit of one sub-pixel from the voltage division of the driving voltage of other sub-pixels can be further reduced, so that the possibility of the sub-pixel being driven to emit light by the voltage value obtained by the voltage division is reduced, and even the crosstalk between the sub-pixels in the Tandem OLED display panel is reduced or even eliminated.

[0010] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the thickness of the insertion layer is less than or equal to 5 nm.

[0011] In this implementation, since the thickness of the intercalation layer is less than or equal to 5nm, the intercalation layer can form a discontinuous thin film on the surface perpendicular to the first direction, which greatly reduces the sheet resistance of the intercalation layer in the direction perpendicular to the first direction. When the thickness of the intercalation layer is less than or equal to 5nm, the voltage value obtained by the light-emitting unit of a sub-pixel from the driving voltage of other sub-pixels can be further reduced, making it less likely that the sub-pixel will be erroneously driven to emit light by the voltage value obtained by the voltage division. This is beneficial to reduce or even eliminate crosstalk between sub-pixels in the Tandem OLED display panel.

[0012] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the Fermi level of the insertion layer is lower than the Fermi level of the host material of the P-type charge generation layer.

[0013] In this implementation, when the Fermi level of the insertion layer is lower than the Fermi level of the host material of the P-type charge generation layer, an accumulation junction can be formed between the insertion layer and the P-type charge generation layer. This can prevent the driving voltage of the display panel from increasing with the usage time, which is beneficial to reducing the power consumption of the display panel.

[0014] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the material of the N-type charge generation layer includes a host material and a guest material, wherein the concentration of the guest material is ∈ (0%, 10%).

[0015] In this implementation, since the insertion layer has charge generation capability, the concentration of guest material in N-type charge generation can be reduced while providing the same charge generation capability to the light-emitting layer.

[0016] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the display panel further includes a pixel definition layer, an anode layer comprising a plurality of anodes, and any two adjacent anodes among the plurality of anodes are isolated by the pixel definition layer; and, corresponding to the adjacent first anode and second anode among the plurality of anodes: the first anode has a top surface facing the cathode layer; the portion of the pixel definition layer located between the first anode and the second anode has a slope angle; the acute angle formed by the line connecting any two points in the surface of the cathode facing the pixel definition layer and the top surface is less than or equal to the slope angle; the acute angle formed by the line connecting any two points in the surface of the cathode facing away from the pixel definition layer and the top surface is less than or equal to the slope angle.

[0017] In this implementation, the area between any two anodes in the display panel with the aforementioned structure exhibits a flat structure. The surface of this area is continuous, without protrusions or grooves. This pixel definition layer lacks isolation structures, allowing the cathodes to remain continuously connected, reducing voltage drop and power consumption. This results in lower driving voltage and power consumption for the display panel, and also prevents abnormal pixel illumination. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for photomasks and photolithography processes required for isolation structures, simplifying the process and reducing costs. Additionally, it improves the reliability of the display panel.

[0018] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the display panel further includes a hole injection layer, an electron injection layer, a plurality of hole transport layers, a plurality of electron transport layers, and a substrate; wherein, a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer are sequentially stacked between the anode layer and the first light-emitting layer closest to the anode layer among the plurality of light-emitting layers along a first direction; an electron transport layer and an electron injection layer are sequentially stacked between the cathode and the second light-emitting layer closest to the cathode among the plurality of light-emitting layers along a first direction; an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer are disposed between every two light-emitting layers, and the electron transport layer, insertion layer, and hole transport layer between every two light-emitting layers are sequentially stacked along the first direction; the substrate is disposed on the side of the anode layer away from the cathode layer.

[0019] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the display panel further includes multiple hole blocking layers, and a hole blocking layer is disposed between each light-emitting layer and an adjacent electron transport layer.

[0020] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the display panel includes a plurality of pixels arranged in an array, each pixel including four sub-pixels of different colors, the four sub-pixels in a pixel being arranged in two rows and two columns; wherein, in two adjacent pixels, the color setting method of the sub-pixels in the first row of one pixel is the same as the color setting method of the sub-pixels in the second row of another pixel, and the color setting method of the sub-pixels in the second row of one pixel is the same as the color setting method of the sub-pixels in the first row of another pixel.

[0021] In this implementation, sub-pixels near the boundary of two adjacent pixels in a column can be made to have the same color. Thus, two sub-pixels with the same color near the boundary of two adjacent pixels in a column can be fabricated through an opening in a fine metal mask, which helps reduce the manufacturing cost of the display panel.

[0022] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the display panel includes a plurality of pixels arranged in an array, each pixel including four sub-pixels of different colors, the four sub-pixels in a pixel being arranged in two rows and two columns; wherein, in two adjacent pixels, the color setting method of the sub-pixels in the first column of one pixel is the same as the color setting method of the sub-pixels in the second column of another pixel, and the color setting method of the sub-pixels in the second column of one pixel is the same as the color setting method of the sub-pixels in the first column of another pixel.

[0023] In this implementation, it is possible to make the sub-pixels closest to the boundary of two adjacent pixels in a row have the same color. Thus, two sub-pixels with the same color near the boundary of two adjacent pixels in a row can be prepared through an opening in a fine metal mask, which helps to reduce the manufacturing cost of the display panel.

[0024] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the four sub-pixels of different colors include a red sub-pixel, a blue sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, and a sky blue sub-pixel.

[0025] In this implementation, the color to be displayed is obtained by mixing the light emitted by each pixel of the display panel from the red subpixel, blue subpixel, green subpixel, and sky blue subpixel.

[0026] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, each red sub-pixel includes a first auxiliary layer and a red light-emitting unit stacked along a first direction in each light-emitting layer; each green sub-pixel includes a second auxiliary layer and a green light-emitting unit stacked along a first direction in each light-emitting layer; each blue sub-pixel includes a third auxiliary layer and a blue light-emitting unit stacked along a first direction in each light-emitting layer; and each azure sub-pixel includes an azure light-emitting unit in each light-emitting layer.

[0027] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the display panel includes two light-emitting layers; and: each red sub-pixel includes a first auxiliary layer and a red light-emitting unit stacked along a first direction in the light-emitting layer near the cathode in the two light-emitting layers, and includes a red light-emitting unit in the light-emitting layer near the anode in the two light-emitting layers; each green sub-pixel includes a second auxiliary layer and a red light-emitting unit stacked along a first direction in the light-emitting layer near the cathode in the two light-emitting layers, and includes a red light-emitting unit in the light-emitting layer near the anode in the two light-emitting layers; each blue sub-pixel includes a first auxiliary layer and a blue light-emitting unit stacked along a first direction in the light-emitting layer near the cathode in the two light-emitting layers, and includes a blue light-emitting unit in the light-emitting layer near the anode in the two light-emitting layers; each azure sub-pixel includes one azure light-emitting unit in each light-emitting layer.

[0028] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the display panel includes a plurality of pixels arranged in an array, each pixel including a red sub-pixel, a blue sub-pixel and one or more green sub-pixels.

[0029] In this implementation, each pixel of the display panel is obtained by mixing the light emitted by the red, blue, and green subpixels to get the color to be displayed.

[0030] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, each red sub-pixel has a red light-emitting unit in each light-emitting layer; each green sub-pixel has a green light-emitting unit in each light-emitting layer; and each blue sub-pixel has a blue light-emitting unit in each light-emitting layer.

[0031] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the display panel further includes a cover layer and an encapsulation layer that are sequentially stacked from the cathode along the first direction.

[0032] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the display panel further includes a cover layer, an encapsulation layer, a color conversion layer, and a filter layer, which are sequentially stacked from a cathode along a first direction. Each red sub-pixel, each green sub-pixel, and each blue sub-pixel have a blue light-emitting unit in each light-emitting layer. Furthermore, the red sub-pixel includes a red conversion unit in the color conversion layer and a red filter unit in the filter layer. The red conversion unit converts the light emitted by the blue light-emitting unit corresponding to the red sub-pixel into red light for emission, and the red filter unit filters the red light emitted by the red conversion unit before emitting red light. The green sub-pixel includes a green conversion unit in the color conversion layer and a green filter unit in the filter layer. The green filter unit and the green transformation unit are used to convert the light emitted by the blue light-emitting unit corresponding to the green sub-pixel into green light for emission. The green filter unit is used to filter the green light emitted by the green transformation unit before emitting green light. The blue sub-pixel includes a blue transformation unit in the color transformation layer and a blue filter unit in the filter layer. The blue transformation unit is used to convert the light emitted by the blue light-emitting unit corresponding to the blue sub-pixel into blue light for emission. The blue filter unit is used to filter the blue light emitted by the blue transformation unit before emitting blue light. Alternatively, the blue sub-pixel includes a blue filter unit in the filter layer, and the blue transformation unit is used to filter the light emitted by the blue light-emitting unit corresponding to the blue sub-pixel before emitting blue light.

[0033] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the display panel further includes a cover layer, an encapsulation layer, and a filter layer sequentially stacked along a first direction from a cathode. Each red sub-pixel, each green sub-pixel, and each blue sub-pixel emits white light as a whole from the light-emitting units in the multiple light-emitting layers. Furthermore, the red sub-pixel includes a red filter unit in the filter layer, which filters the white light emitted by the light-emitting unit corresponding to the red sub-pixel before emitting red light. The green sub-pixel includes a green filter unit in the filter layer, which filters the white light emitted by the light-emitting unit corresponding to the green sub-pixel before emitting green light. The blue sub-pixel includes a blue filter unit in the filter layer, which filters the white light emitted by the light-emitting unit corresponding to the blue sub-pixel before emitting blue light.

[0034] In a second aspect, a display screen is provided, the display screen comprising the display panel provided in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0035] In one possible implementation of the second aspect described above, the display screen further includes a cover plate that is attached to the display panel.

[0036] Thirdly, an electronic device is provided, which includes the display screen provided in the second aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0037] In one possible implementation of the third aspect described above, the electronic device further includes a structural component, to which the display screen is fixed.

[0038] It should be noted that the beneficial effects of the second aspect and the third aspect mentioned above can be referred to the first aspect mentioned above, and will not be elaborated here. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a display panel 10 according to some embodiments of this application.

[0040] Figure 2A shows an equivalent circuit diagram between blue sub-pixel B1 and red sub-pixel R1 in pixel P1 according to some embodiments of this application.

[0041] Figure 2B, according to some embodiments of this application, shows an equivalent circuit diagram between blue sub-pixel B1 and red sub-pixel R1 when only a driving voltage is input to the anode of blue sub-pixel B1.

[0042] Figure 3A illustrates a schematic diagram of adding isolation pillars between sub-pixels according to some embodiments of this application.

[0043] Figure 3B shows a comparative schematic diagram of the isolation pillars as the sub-pixels of a pixel increase, according to some embodiments of this application.

[0044] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a display panel according to some embodiments of this application.

[0045] Figure 5A shows the natural logarithm In(R) of the internal resistance of different light-emitting devices according to some embodiments of this application. e A schematic diagram of the curve of I and its natural logarithm In(I).

[0046] Figure 5B shows a schematic diagram of the equivalent resistance of a light-emitting device according to some embodiments of this application.

[0047] Figure 6A illustrates, according to some embodiments of this application, the natural logarithm of the internal resistance of a light-emitting device, In(R). e A schematic diagram of the curve of I and its natural logarithm In(I).

[0048] Figure 6B shows a schematic diagram of the current density in a light-emitting unit as a function of driving voltage, according to some embodiments of this application.

[0049] Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of the voltage and current curves of CGL when the i-CGL thickness is different, according to some embodiments of this application.

[0050] Figure 8A shows a schematic diagram of the current density of the light-emitting layer as a function of driving voltage in a display panel employing two-layer CGL and three-layer CGL, according to some embodiments of this application.

[0051] Figure 8B, according to some embodiments of this application, shows a schematic diagram of the luminous brightness of the light-emitting unit in a display panel employing two-layer CGL and three-layer CGL as a function of driving voltage.

[0052] Figure 8C shows a comparative schematic diagram of current in a two-layer CGL and a three-layer CGL according to some embodiments of this application.

[0053] Figure 9A shows a schematic diagram of the energy levels of a two-layer CGL according to some embodiments of this application.

[0054] Figure 9B shows a schematic diagram of the electric field of a two-layer CGL according to some embodiments of this application.

[0055] Figure 10A shows a schematic diagram of the energy levels of a three-layer CGL according to some embodiments of this application.

[0056] Figure 10B shows a schematic diagram of the electric field of a three-layer CGL according to some embodiments of this application.

[0057] Figure 11A shows a schematic diagram of the structure of different color sub-pixels in a display panel 20 according to some embodiments of this application.

[0058] Figure 11B shows a schematic diagram of the structure of different color sub-pixels in a display panel 20′ according to some embodiments of this application.

[0059] Figures 12A to 12F illustrate schematic diagrams of various subpixel arrangement methods according to some embodiments of this application.

[0060] Figure 13A shows a schematic diagram of the structure of different color sub-pixels in a display panel 30 according to some embodiments of this application.

[0061] Figure 13B shows a schematic diagram of the structure of different color sub-pixels in a display panel 30′ according to some embodiments of this application.

[0062] Figures 14A to 14E illustrate various subpixel arrangement schemes according to some embodiments of this application.

[0063] Figure 15A shows a schematic diagram of the structure of different color sub-pixels in a display panel 40 according to some embodiments of this application.

[0064] Figure 15B shows a schematic diagram of the structure of different color sub-pixels in a display panel 40′ according to some embodiments of this application.

[0065] Figure 16A shows a schematic diagram of the structure of different color sub-pixels in a display panel 50 according to some embodiments of this application.

[0066] Figure 16B shows a schematic diagram of the structure of different color sub-pixels in a display panel 50′ according to some embodiments of this application.

[0067] Figure 17 shows a schematic diagram of the pixel arrangement and FF cross-section of a display panel 60 according to some embodiments of this application.

[0068] Figure 18 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an adjacent first anode and second anode in an anode layer and PDL 30 according to some embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0069] To facilitate understanding, we will first introduce the basic structure of the Tandem OLED display panel (hereinafter referred to as the display panel).

[0070] For example, FIG1 shows a schematic diagram of a display panel 10 according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0071] As shown in Figure 1, the display panel 10 includes multiple pixels, and each pixel includes multiple sub-pixels, such as red (R) sub-pixels, green (G) sub-pixels, and blue (B) sub-pixels. For ease of description, the plane of the display screen 10 is defined as the XY plane, and the direction perpendicular to the XY plane is called the Z direction. Then, any direction in the XY plane can be called the horizontal direction.

[0072] Continuing to refer to FIG. 1, as can be seen from the partial cross-sectional view of the blue sub-pixel in a pixel of the display panel 10 in the A-A section, the display panel 10 may include a substrate 101, and a driving layer 102, an anode 103, a hole injection layer (HIL) 104, a hole transport layer (HTL) 105, a light-emitting layer 1 to a light-emitting layer n (n is a positive integer greater than 1), a hole blocking layer (HBL) 106, an electron transport layer (ETL) 107, an electron injection layer 108 (EIL), a cathode 109, a capping layer (CPL) 110, and a packaging layer 111, which are sequentially arranged along the Z direction by the substrate 101. Among them, between the i-th (1≤i<n) light-emitting layer (light-emitting layer i) and the (i + 1)-th light-emitting layer (light-emitting layer i + 1), an HBL, an ETL, a CGL, and an HTL are sequentially arranged. The CGL includes an N-type charge generation layer (N-CGL) provided on the side of the CGL close to the anode 103 and a P-type charge generation layer (P-CGL) provided on the side of the CGL close to the cathode 109.

[0073] Among them, the substrate 101 is used to support other layers. In some embodiments, the substrate 101 may be a hard screen glass substrate, a flexible screen substrate, a single crystal silicon substrate, or other substrates. Flexible substrates include, but are not limited to, substrates such as polyimide (PI), fabrics, etc. that can be bent, folded, or arbitrarily deformed. Silicon substrates include, but are not limited to, single crystal silicon wafers, etc.

[0074] In some embodiments, the substrate 101 may also be referred to as a substrate.

[0075] The driving layer 102 may include a driving circuit of the display panel 10. The driving circuit is used to drive the OLED to emit light and may be a low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS), a low-temperature polycrystalline oxide (LTPO), an indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), a silicon-based complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), or other driving circuits.

[0076] The anode layer 103 includes anodes corresponding to each sub-pixel. In some embodiments, the anode material may be a metal oxide or nitride, a metal, or an alloy, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), titanium (Ti), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), titanium nitride (TiN), or an alloy of the above materials. Holes can be generated from the anode under an applied driving voltage, and the holes from the anode will move towards the light-emitting layer under the driving voltage applied by the driving layer 102.

[0077] In some embodiments, each anode in the anode layer 103 is separated by a pixel defining layer (PDL) (also known as a pixel boundary layer).

[0078] HIL 104 is a functional layer used to inject holes into HTL 105. In some embodiments, the material of HIL 104 can be a material that lowers the hole injection barrier, such as organic materials such as aromatic amines, aromatic hydrocarbons, alicyclic organic compounds and their isotope derivatives (e.g., hexaazatriphenylhexanitrile (HATCN), copper phthalocyanine (CuPc, etc.)), and inorganic materials such as metal oxides (e.g., molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), tungsten oxide (WO3), etc.) and metal chlorides (e.g., ferric chloride (FeCl3), etc.).

[0079] HTLs (e.g., HTL 105, HTLs disposed between light-emitting layers, etc.) are functional layers used to transport holes to adjacent light-emitting layers. For example, HTL 105 can transport holes to light-emitting layer 1. In some embodiments, the material of the HTL can be an aromatic amine, an aromatic organic compound and its isotope derivatives (such as TAPC (4-[1-[4-[di(4-methylphenyl)amino]phenyl]cyclohexyl]-N-(3-methylphenyl)-N-(4-methylphenyl)aniline), NPB (N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-(1-naphthyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine), etc.) and other organic materials.

[0080] The emissive layers (e.g., emissive layers 1 to n) are functional layers used to achieve light emission. Each sub-pixel has one or more emissive units in each emissive layer, meaning a sub-pixel can have at least n emissive units disposed in n emissive layers. The emissive layers include host materials and guest materials. The host materials are composed of aromatic amines, aromatic organic compounds and their isotope derivatives, while the guest materials are composed of Ir- or Pt-containing complexes, boron-containing aromatic compounds and their isotope derivatives, etc. For example, the host material is CBP (4,4'-bis(9-carbazole)biphenyl), and the guest material is Ir(ppy)3 (tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium) etc.

[0081] In some embodiments, a pixel may have multiple sub-pixels. For example, a pixel as shown in Figure 1 includes a blue sub-pixel, a red sub-pixel, and a green sub-pixel. In other embodiments, a pixel may include other numbers of sub-pixels, such as four sub-pixels (e.g., a blue sub-pixel, a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, and a cerulean (C) sub-pixel, or a blue sub-pixel, a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, and a white sub-pixel, etc.), five sub-pixels, etc., which are not limited here.

[0082] In some embodiments, one or more auxiliary layers (also called prime layers) may be disposed on the side of some light-emitting units in each light-emitting layer of the display panel 10 adjacent to the HTL, for microcavity control, carrier balance control, and blocking of electrons and excitons. For the same display panel, the number of auxiliary layers disposed on the light-emitting units of sub-pixels of different colors may be different. For example, for a display panel including two light-emitting layers, a red or green sub-pixel may include an auxiliary layer between the light-emitting unit of light-emitting layer 1 and light-emitting layer 2 and the adjacent HTL, while a blue sub-pixel does not have an auxiliary layer disposed in the light-emitting layer. As another example, a red or green sub-pixel may include an auxiliary layer between the light-emitting unit of light-emitting layer 2 and the adjacent HTL, while a blue sub-pixel does not have an auxiliary layer disposed in the light-emitting layer.

[0083] It should be noted that the colors of light emitted by multiple light-emitting units corresponding to a sub-pixel can be the same or different, and can be the same as or different from the color of the sub-pixel; this is not limited here. Details will be provided below in conjunction with the specific light-emitting layer structure, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0084] In some embodiments, the auxiliary layer material may be aromatic amines, aromatic organic compounds and their isotope derivatives (such as TCTA(4,4',4”-tris(carbazole-9-yl)triphenylamine) etc.).

[0085] HBLs (e.g., HBL 106, HBLs disposed between light-emitting layers, etc.) are functional layers used to block hole transport to adjacent layers. For example, HBL 106 can prevent holes from being transported from light-emitting layer n to ETL 107, and prevent holes from being transported from ETL 107 to light-emitting layer n. In some embodiments, the material of the HBL can be an organic aromatic material, such as an organic material containing pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, triazine, imidazole, phenyl, naphthyl, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, etc., or containing the above-mentioned groups such as deuterium, tritium, N. 15Isotope-substituted organic materials, such as BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-biphenyl-1,10-o-diazaphenanthroline), B4PyMPM (4,6-bis(3,5-di(4-pyridinylphenyl)-2-methylpyrimidine), and BmPyPB (1,3-bis(3,5-dipyridinyl-3-ylphenyl)benzene).

[0086] In some embodiments, HBL is optional.

[0087] ETLs (e.g., ETL 107, ETLs disposed between light-emitting layers, etc.) are functional layers used for electron transport. For example, ETL 107 can transport electrons injected by EIL 108 to light-emitting layer n via HBL 106. In some embodiments, the material of the ETL can be an organic aromatic material, such as an organic material containing pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, triazine, imidazole, phenyl, naphthyl, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, etc., or containing the above-mentioned groups such as deuterium, tritium, N. 15 Isotope-substituted organic materials, such as TmPyPB (1,3,5-tris(3-pyridyl-3-phenyl)benzene), Bphen (4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), TPBi (1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene), or metal complex materials such as lithium 8-hydroxyquinoline (LiQ).

[0088] EIL 108 is a functional layer for electron injection. For example, EIL 108 can inject electrons from the cathode into ETL 107. In some embodiments, the material of EIL 108 can be an organic material such as lithium 8-hydroxyquinoline (LiQ), or an inorganic material such as ytterbium (Yb), lithium (Li), lithium fluoride (LiF), lithium 8-hydroxyquinoline (LiQ), calcium (Ca), cesium (Cs), lithium oxide (Li2O), lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), lithium nitride (Li3N), cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3), or cesium oxide (Cs2O).

[0089] The cathode 109 is used to provide a cathode for the display panel 10. In some embodiments, the cathode material may be a metal or alloy, such as metals like silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), and gold (Au), as well as alloys of metals like Ag, Mg, Al, and Au.

[0090] CPL 110 is used to improve the light extraction efficiency of the display panel 10. In some embodiments, the material of CPL 110 can be an organic or inorganic material, such as LiF, LiQ, etc. In some embodiments, CPL 110 may not be used.

[0091] The encapsulation layer 111 is a functional layer used to isolate water and oxygen from corrosion. The encapsulation layer 111 can be a flexible screen encapsulation, such as one or more of chemical vapor deposition (CVD), thin film encapsulation (TFE), and atomic layer deposition (ALD), or it can be a rigid screen encapsulation, such as glass glue (Frit) and glass cover encapsulation.

[0092] CGLs are used to generate charges, such as electrons and holes, under an applied driving voltage. For example, holes and electrons can be generated at the N-CGL and P-CGL interfaces under an applied driving voltage.

[0093] N-CGLs are used to transport electrons from the N-CGL and P-CGL interface to adjacent electron transport layers. In some embodiments, N-CGLs can be obtained primarily by doping with host and guest materials. The host material can be an organic aromatic material, such as an organic material containing pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, triazine, imidazole, phenyl, naphthyl, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, or other similar groups, or containing deuterium, tritium, or N-type groups. 15 Isotope-substituted organic materials, such as TmPyPB (1,3,5-tris(3-pyridyl-3-phenyl)benzene), Bphen (4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), TPBi (1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene), etc. Guest materials may include metallic materials such as ytterbium (Yb), lithium (Li), samarium (Sm), barium (Ba), cesium (Cs), or calcium (Ca), or metal oxide materials such as lithium oxide (Li2O), lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), cesium oxide (Cs2O), cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3), etc., or organic materials or organometallic complex materials such as Liq (8-hydroxyquinoline-lithium) and Libpp (2-(2',2”-bipyridin-6'-yl)-phenolyl lithium).

[0094] P-CGL is used to transport holes at the interface between N-CGL and P-CGL to an adjacent hole transport layer. In some embodiments, P-CGL can be obtained primarily by doping a host material and a guest material. The host material includes organic aromatic materials (such as organic materials containing primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine, quaternary ammonium, phenyl, naphthyl, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, fluorenyl, spirofluorenyl, etc.), or materials containing the above-mentioned groups such as deuterium, tritium, and N. 15Isotope-substituted organic materials (e.g., TAPC (4-[1-[4-[di(4-methylphenyl)amino]phenyl]cyclohexyl]-N-(3-methylphenyl)-N-(4-methylphenyl)aniline), NPB (N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-(1-naphthyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine), TCTA (4,4',4'-tris(carbazole-9-yl)triphenylamine), etc.). Guest materials can include organic materials with the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level, such as NDP-9(4-({2,3-bis[cyano(4-cyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)methylyl]cyclopropylidene}(cyano)methyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene-1-carboxynitrile), HAT-CN(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacyano-1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazabenzenephenanthrene), F4-TCNQ(tetrafluoro-tetracyanoquinone dimethyl ether), or inorganic materials such as indium tin oxide (ITO), molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), ferric chloride (FeCl3), tungsten trioxide (WO3), and rhenium trioxide (ReO3).

[0095] It should be noted that the structure of the display panel 10 shown in Figure 1 is only an example. In other embodiments, the display panel 10 may include more layers, such as a color change layer (CCL), a color filter (CF) sheet (or filter film) stacked on the encapsulation layer 111, etc., which are not limited here.

[0096] The technical solution of this application will be introduced below with reference to the structure of the display panel 10 shown in Figure 1, taking the display panel 10 including two light-emitting layers as an example.

[0097] As described in the background art, because CGL has high lateral conductivity (i.e. conductivity in the XY plane in the case shown in Figure 1), when driving one sub-pixel to emit light, the current will flow through the CGL to the light-emitting units of other sub-pixels, causing other sub-pixels to emit light incorrectly, which will result in light emission crosstalk between sub-pixels in the display panel.

[0098] For example, FIG2A shows an equivalent circuit diagram between blue sub-pixel B1 and red sub-pixel R1 in pixel P1 according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0099] As shown in Figure 2A, based on a partial cross-sectional view along the DD section of the blue sub-pixel B1 and the red sub-pixel R1 in pixel P1, it can be seen that the driving layer 102 includes an R1 driving circuit corresponding to the red sub-pixel R1 and a B1 driving circuit corresponding to the blue sub-pixel B1. The anode layer 103 includes an R1 anode corresponding to the red sub-pixel R1 and a B1 anode corresponding to the blue sub-pixel B1. The light-emitting layer 1 includes a light-emitting unit R1-1 corresponding to the red sub-pixel R1 and a light-emitting unit 1-1 corresponding to the blue sub-pixel B1. The light-emitting layer 2 includes a light-emitting unit R1-2 corresponding to the red sub-pixel R1 and a light-emitting unit B1-2 corresponding to the blue sub-pixel B1. The cathode 109 is connected to a negative voltage ELVSS. When driving the blue sub-pixel B1 to emit light, the display panel 10 can input a positive voltage ELVDD-B1 to the anode of B1, thereby causing the light-emitting units B1-1 and B1-2 to emit light.

[0100] Referring again to Figure 2A, the circuits for the blue sub-pixel B1 and the red sub-pixel R1 can be simplified to light-emitting unit R1-1, light-emitting unit R1-2, light-emitting unit R1-1, light-emitting unit R1-2, and the equivalent resistance R of CGL. CGL The connection circuit is as follows: The positive terminal of the light-emitting unit R1-1 receives the positive driving voltage ELVDD-R1 from the red sub-pixel R1; the negative terminal of the light-emitting unit R1-1 is connected to the positive terminal of the light-emitting unit R1-2 and the equivalent resistance R of CGL. CGL One end of the light-emitting unit B1-1 is used to receive the positive driving voltage ELVDD-B1 of the blue sub-pixel B1. The negative end of the light-emitting unit B1-1 is connected to the positive end of the light-emitting unit B1-2 and the equivalent resistance R of CGL. CGL At the other end, the negative terminals of light-emitting unit R1-2 and light-emitting unit B1-2 are connected to a negative voltage ELVSS. The display panel 10 can drive light-emitting units R1-1 and R1-2 to emit light by inputting a positive driving voltage ELVDD-R1 to the anode of R1 through the R1 driving circuit, causing the red sub-pixel R1 to emit red light; or it can drive light-emitting units B1-1 and B1-2 to emit light by inputting a positive driving voltage ELVDD-B1 to the anode of B1 through the B1 driving circuit, causing the blue sub-pixel B1 to emit blue light; or it can simultaneously input positive driving voltages to the anodes of R1 and R2 to make the red sub-pixel R1 and the blue sub-pixel B1 emit light.

[0101] Based on the simplified circuit shown in Figure 2A, the equivalent circuit when only the blue sub-pixel B1 in pixel P1 is driven to emit light is shown in Figure 2B. Assume that when both light-emitting units B1-1 and B1-2 are driven to emit blue light, the voltage at the connection point of light-emitting units B1-1 and B1-2 at CGL is V. CGL Since the light-emitting unit R1-2 (equivalent resistance denoted as R) R1-2 and resistance RCGL If connected in series, the voltage across the light-emitting unit R1-2 is R. R1-2 / (R R1-2 +R CGL )×(V CGL -ELVSS). If R R1-2 / (R R1-2 +R CGL )×(V CGL If the -ELVSS) is greater than the light emission voltage of the light emission unit R1-2, then the light emission unit R1-2 will emit red light, causing the actual color of the light emitted by pixel P1 to be the color obtained by mixing the light emitted by the light emission units R1-2, B1-1, and B1-2, which is different from the expected blue.

[0102] It should be noted that crosstalk between other sub-pixels of the same pixel, or between sub-pixels of different pixels, and the crosstalk situation can be referred to the crosstalk situation between red sub-pixel R1 and blue sub-pixel B1 shown in Figures 2A and 2B, which will not be elaborated here.

[0103] To avoid problems such as reduced color gamut, color shift, and abnormal image display caused by crosstalk between different sub-pixels, in some embodiments, isolation pillars can be added between different sub-pixels to block the lateral transmission path of current in the CGL, and to prevent the lateral conductivity of the CGL from mistakenly driving other sub-pixels to emit light when driving one sub-pixel to emit light.

[0104] For example, Figure 3A shows a schematic diagram of adding isolation pillars between sub-pixels according to some embodiments of this application.

[0105] As shown in Figure 3A, referring to the partial cross-sectional view along section line EE between red sub-pixel R1 and blue sub-pixel B1, an isolation pillar can be added to CGL to block the current propagation path between red sub-pixel R1 and blue sub-pixel B1 in CGL. Thus, corresponding to the equivalent circuit shown in Figure 3A, R... CGL This is equivalent to an open circuit, which prevents the light-emitting unit R1-2 from receiving a voltage drop from the driving voltage of the blue sub-pixel B1, thus preventing the light-emitting unit R1-2 from emitting light.

[0106] However, adding isolation pillars to CGL requires additional photolithography steps such as photomask preparation and photolithography, which increases the manufacturing cost of the display panel. Furthermore, as the number of sub-pixels within a single pixel increases, the number of isolation pillars required also increases significantly, further increasing the design complexity and manufacturing cost of adding isolation pillars to CGL. For example, referring to Figure 3B, when the number of sub-pixels in a single pixel increases from 3 to 4, the number of isolation pillars in a local area increases from 20 to 40, greatly increasing the design complexity and manufacturing cost. In addition, adding isolation pillars can also lead to reliability issues in the display panel. When the display panel is subjected to bending, prolonged high brightness, or compression, the failure of the isolation pillars can easily cause performance degradation, such as dark spots, black patches, and abnormal pixel emission.

[0107] In view of this, this application provides a display panel in which a different CGL structure from that in display panel 10 is adopted, thereby increasing the sheet resistance of CGL in the lateral direction (equivalent to increasing R in the equivalent circuits shown in Figures 2A and 2B). CGL The value of the CGL is increased to reduce its lateral conductivity. Thus, when the sheet resistance of the CGL is sufficiently large, it can be ensured that when a sub-pixel emits light, the voltage value obtained by the light-emitting unit of the adjacent sub-pixel from the driving voltage of the sub-pixel is less than the light-emitting voltage of the light-emitting unit in the adjacent sub-pixel. Therefore, the light-emitting unit of the adjacent sub-pixel will not emit light, thus avoiding lateral crosstalk between sub-pixels.

[0108] For example, in the case shown in Figure 2B, assume that the light-emitting voltage of the light-emitting unit R1-2 is V. o-R If R CGL The value is greater than (V) CGL -ELVSS-V O-R )×R R1-2 / V O-R When the blue sub-pixel B1 emits light, the voltage value R obtained by the light-emitting unit R1-2 from the driving voltage of the blue sub-pixel B1 is... R1-2 / (R R1-2 +R CGL )×(V CGL -ELVSS) is less than V o-R The light-emitting unit R1-2 will not emit light, thus avoiding crosstalk.

[0109] Specifically, referring to Figure 4, the CGL of this display panel, compared to the CGL in the aforementioned display panel 10, adds an intercalation layer (hereinafter referred to as i-CGL) between N-CGL and P-CGL. That is, the CGL includes N-CGL, i-CGL, and P-CGL stacked sequentially along the Z direction. The i-CGL can be made of organic or inorganic materials. If the i-CGL is made of organic materials, the LUMO energy level of the organic material is less than or equal to -3.5 eV; if the i-CGL is made of inorganic materials, the work function of the inorganic material is greater than or equal to 3.5 eV.

[0110] In some embodiments, the thickness of the i-CGL can be any value less than 15 nm. In this case, the sheet resistance of the i-CGL in the direction perpendicular to the thickness of the i-CGL (i.e., any direction in the aforementioned transverse or XY plane) is greater than 1 GΩ / □.

[0111] In some embodiments, the material of i-CGL can be HATCN, CuPC, etc. It should be noted that in other embodiments, the material of i-CGL can also be other materials that satisfy the LUMO energy level less than -3.5 eV or the work function greater than 3.5 eV, which is not limited here.

[0112] In this way, the sheet resistance of i-CGL in the direction perpendicular to the thickness of i-CGL (i.e., any direction in the aforementioned horizontal or XY plane) can be greater than 1GΩ / □, thereby reducing the voltage value obtained by the light-emitting unit in one sub-pixel from the driving voltage of another sub-pixel, and preventing the light-emitting unit in one sub-pixel from erroneously emitting light because the voltage value obtained by the driving voltage of other pixels is higher than the light-emitting voltage.

[0113] In some embodiments, the doping concentration of the guest material in the N-CGL can be less than or equal to 100%, for example, 0% to 10%, and illustratively, 0.5% to 3%.

[0114] In some embodiments, the thickness of N-CGL is any value less than or equal to 40 nm, schematically any value between 5 and 15 nm.

[0115] In some embodiments, the doping concentration of the guest material in the P-CGL can be less than or equal to 100%, for example, 0% to 20%, and illustratively, it can be 1%.

[0116] In some embodiments, the mobility of i-CGL is greater than or equal to 10. -6 cm 2 V -1 s -1 .

[0117] For ease of description, the CGL shown in Figure 4, which includes N-CGL, i-CGL, and P-CGL stacked sequentially along the Z direction, is referred to as a three-layer CGL, and the CGL shown in Figure 1, which includes N-CGL and P-CGL stacked sequentially along the Z direction, is referred to as a two-layer CGL.

[0118] In some embodiments, i-CGLs can be used to generate charges, such as electrons and holes. Therefore, compared to two-layer CGLs, the charge generation capabilities provided by the N-CGLs and P-CGLs in a three-layer CGL are lower than those provided by the N-CGLs and P-CGLs in a two-layer CGL, while achieving the same charge generation capability. Since the charge generation capabilities of N-CGLs and P-CGLs are positively correlated with the doping concentration of the guest material, the doping concentration of the guest material in the N-CGLs and P-CGLs of a three-layer CGL can be lower than that in the N-CGLs and P-CGLs of a three-layer CGL.

[0119] In some embodiments, since the molecular diameter of organic materials with LUMO energy levels less than -3.5 eV is typically less than 5 nm, and the atomic diameter of inorganic materials with work functions higher than 3.5 eV is typically 0–4 angstroms. When the i-CGL thickness is less than or equal to 5nm, the i-CGL will form a discontinuous thin film in the lateral direction of the display panel (e.g., in the XY plane in Figure 1 above), thereby further increasing the i-CGL sheet resistance. In this way, the voltage value obtained by the light-emitting unit in one sub-pixel from the driving voltage of another sub-pixel can be further reduced, avoiding the light-emitting unit in one sub-pixel from erroneous emission due to the higher voltage value obtained by the driving voltage of other pixels.

[0120] The principle of reducing the lateral resistance of i-GCL is explained below based on the equivalent circuit shown in Figure 2B.

[0121] Generally, the internal resistance of the light-emitting unit can be calculated using formula (1): R e =e δ / I α (1)

[0122] In formula (1), R e Let I be the internal resistance of the light-emitting unit, I be the current of the light-emitting unit, e be the natural base, and δ be a constant (because e...). δ The band gap of the light-emitting unit is strongly correlated, so δ is also called the band gap constant. α is the defect factor (related to the manufacturing process of the light-emitting unit; the fewer defects in the film layer of the light-emitting unit, the closer the model of the light-emitting unit is to the ideal model, and the closer α is to 1). Based on this, taking the natural logarithm of the above formula (1) can yield the following formula (2), which is equivalent to formula (1). In(R e) = In(e δ ) / In(I α )=-αIn(I)+δ (2)

[0123] In formula (2), In represents taking the natural logarithm.

[0124] Based on formula (2), it can be seen that for a light-emitting unit, the natural logarithm of its internal resistance In(R) e The internal resistance is linearly related to the natural logarithm of its current, In(I). That is, the natural logarithm of the internal resistance decreases as the natural logarithm of the current increases.

[0125] For example, Figure 5A shows the natural logarithm In(R) of the internal resistance of various light-emitting devices according to some embodiments of this application. e A schematic diagram of the curve of I and its natural logarithm In(I).

[0126] In Figure 5A, the horizontal axis represents the natural logarithm of the light-emitting device current In(I), and the vertical axis represents the natural logarithm of the light-emitting device internal resistance In(R). e ),and:

[0127] The first light-emitting device is a single organic light-emitting diode (single OLED), with the following structure: ITO / HAT-CN (5nm) / TAPC (40nm) / TCTA (5nm) / 3TPA-CN (20nm) / TmPyPB (40nm) / LiF (1nm) / Al (120nm) (For details, please refer to the literature: Adv. Optical Mater. 2019, 1801539);

[0128] The second light-emitting device is a near-infrared organic light-emitting diode (NIR OLED), with the following structure: ITO / HATCN (5nm) / TAPC (50nm) / TCTA (5nm) / Alq3:60wt%DTPS-PT (20nm) / Bphen (55nm) / Liq (2nm) / Al (120nm). The reference is: Chem. Mater. 2019, 31, 17, 6499–6505.

[0129] The third light-emitting device is a perovskite light-emitting diode (PeLED), with the following structure: ITO / NiOx / PTAA / PVK / perovskite light-emitting layer / TPBi / LiF / Al, wherein the perovskite light-emitting layer is a two-dimensional CsPbBr3 / Cs4PbBr6 (for details, please refer to the literature: J. Mater. Chem. C, 2021, 9, 916-924);

[0130] The fourth light-emitting device is a polymer light-emitting diode (PLED), with the following structure: ITO / HATCN (5nm) / TAPC (50nm) / TCTA (5nm) / TPB-AC (8nm) / TPB-AC:5wt%Ir(ppy)2(acac) (3nm) / TPB-AC:3wt%Ir-(tptpy)2(acac) (2nm) / TPB-AC:3wt%Ir(dmdpprdmp)2(divm) (9nm) / BmPyPB (40nm) / LiF (1nm) / Al (120nm). (For details, please refer to the literature: ACS Photonics 2019, 6, 767-778).

[0131] The fifth light-emitting device is a solution-processed OLED with the following structure: ITO / PEDOT:PSS (50nm) / PVK (35nm) / CC6-DBP-PXZ (45nm) / TmPyPB (40nm) / LiF (1nm) / Al (120nm). (For details, please refer to: J. Mater. Chem. C, 2019, 7, 330-339).

[0132] The sixth light-emitting device is a polymer light-emitting diode (PLED), with the following structure: ITO / PEDOT:PSS (50nm) / CBP:5% pTPE-TPA-FL (60nm) / TmPyPB (40nm) / LiF (1nm) / Al (120nm). (For details, please refer to the literature: Mater. Chem. Front., 2020, 4, 1206-1211).

[0133] The seventh light-emitting device is a Tandem OLED with the following structure: ITO / HAT-CN (10nm) / TAPC (50nm) / TCTA (5nm) / TCTA:Bepp2:Ir(ppy)2(acac)(1:1:8%, 20nm) / Bepp2 (30nm) / Liq (1.5nm) / Al (0.5nm) / HAT-CN (10nm) / TAPC (75nm) / TCTA (5nm) / TCTA:Bepp2:Ir(ppy)2(acac)(1:1:8%, 20nm) / Bepp2 (30nm) / Liq (1.5nm) / Al (0.5nm) / HAT-CN (5nm) / TAPC (10nm) / Al (100nm); (For details, please refer to: Org. Electron, 2020, 83, 105745).

[0134] As shown in Figure 5A, the natural logarithm of the internal resistance of the first to the seventh light-emitting devices, In(R... e The natural logarithm of the internal resistance, In(R), is linearly related to the natural logarithm of the current, In(I), and the natural logarithm of the internal resistance, In(R). e It decreases linearly with the increase of the natural logarithm of the current, In(I).

[0135] Specifically, this corresponds to the natural logarithm of the internal resistance of the first to the seventh light-emitting devices, In(R). e The natural logarithm of the current of the light-emitting device and its current In(I) both satisfy the above formula (2), where the natural logarithm of the internal resistance of the first light-emitting device to the seventh light-emitting device In(R) e The curve of the current and its natural logarithm In(I) can be found in Table 1 below.

[0136] Table 1. Natural logarithm of the internal resistance of the light-emitting unit, In(R) e The relationship between I and the natural logarithm of its current, In(I), is shown in the table.

[0137] In Table 1, the goodness of fit R 2 In(R) represents the natural logarithm of the measured internal resistance of the light-emitting device. e The natural logarithm of its current, In(I), and the corresponding In(R) e The similarity between the )-In(I) curves, or in other words, the natural logarithm of the internal resistance of the light-emitting device, In(R). e The natural logarithm of its current, In(I) e The fit is In(R) e The goodness of fit of )-In(I). Goodness of fit R 2 The closer the value is to 1, the higher the natural logarithm of the internal resistance of the light-emitting unit, In(R). eThe closer the natural logarithm of its current, In(I), is to In(R), the better it matches In(R). e )-In(I) curve.

[0138] As shown in Table 1 and Figure 5A, the natural logarithm of the internal resistance of the first and seventh light-emitting devices, In(R... e The resistance and the natural logarithm of the current, In(I), both satisfy the curves defined by the aforementioned formulas (1) and (2). As can be seen from formulas (1) and (2), the resistance and current of the light-emitting device do not conform to Ohm's law. In some embodiments, the relationship between the internal resistance and current of the light-emitting device as defined by formulas (1) and (2) can be called the anti-Ohm's law.

[0139] In some embodiments, the light-emitting unit in the light-emitting device emits light by the transport of charge carriers (electrons, holes, etc.) to the light-emitting layer. During the transport and emission of charge carriers (electrons, holes, etc.) in the light-emitting layer, there will be transition impedance. Based on formulas (1) and (2), when there are no defects in the light-emitting unit, α = 1, and the internal resistance of the light-emitting unit can be simplified to R. e =e δ / I (equivalent to e) δ =R e I), R e This is equivalent to the transition impedance of charge carriers (electrons, holes, etc.) during transport and emission within the luminescent layer, e δ This is equivalent to the potential barrier between the molecular orbitals to which the charge carrier is currently transitioning. Based on e δ =R e I, where I is a constant and R e When e is a constant, δ It is also a constant value. However, for the same material, under constant external conditions (such as temperature and pressure), the potential barrier between different molecular orbitals (equivalent to e) is constant. δ The value is constant (bandgap invariance law). Therefore, the above formulas (1) and (2) also conform to the bandgap invariance law.

[0140] In some embodiments, referring to FIG5B, for a light-emitting unit in a sub-pixel, the light-emitting unit has HIL, HTL, and an electron blocking layer (EBL) (used to block electron transport, such as the aforementioned auxiliary layer) arranged sequentially from far to near on the side near the anode. The light-emitting unit has HBL, ETL, and EIL arranged sequentially from far to near on the side near the cathode. The current flow direction is HIL→HTL→ETL→light-emitting unit→HBL→ETL→EIL. Continuing to refer to FIG5B, each of the layers HIL, HTL, EBL, HBL, ETL, and EIL has a thin-film resistance (hereinafter, the sum of the thin-film resistances of each layer is denoted as R). CMThere is interfacial resistance between the interfaces of two adjacent layers (hereinafter, the interfacial resistance of each interface is denoted as the sum of the film resistances, denoted as R). interface Therefore, the equivalent resistance R corresponding to one light-emitting unit in a sub-pixel is... 总 For R CM R interface With R e The sum, i.e., R 总 =R CM +R interface +R e .

[0141] In some embodiments, when the current density in the light-emitting unit of a sub-pixel is low, R CM R interface Much smaller than R e This will not affect the equivalent resistance of the light-emitting unit. When the current density in the light-emitting unit of a sub-pixel is large, R e Sharply decreased, R CM R interface Approaching R e Therefore, the internal resistance obtained by testing at the cathode and anode ends of the sub-pixel where the light-emitting unit is located will be different from the transition impedance R. e There are significant differences. Because the current density of the light-emitting units in a sub-pixel is typically low when they are lit (when the brightness increases from 0 to a preset value, such as 0.01 nits (or other values)), the equivalent resistance R of a single light-emitting unit when lit can be ignored. CM R interface Therefore, R can be calculated based on formula (1) or formula (2). 总 =R e .

[0142] The area of ​​the light-emitting unit in the red sub-pixel is 20μm × 20μm = 400μm. 2 The natural logarithm of the equivalent resistance of the light-emitting unit, In(R e The technical solution of this application is introduced by taking the natural logarithm of the current In(I) satisfying the curve shown in Figure 6A, In(Re)=-0.9766×In(I)+1.3607.

[0143] Referring to Figure 6A, assuming the starting current density of one light-emitting unit of the red sub-pixel is 0.0005 mA / cm² 2 (That is, the current density in the light-emitting unit is lower than the turn-on current density by 0.0005 mA / cm²) 2 At this time, it can be assumed that the light-emitting unit does not emit light or emits light weakly, corresponding to a current of 0.0005 mA / cm. 2 ×400μm 2 =2×10-12 A, then substituting into the above formula "In(Re)=-0.9766×In(2×10 -12 Adding 1.3607 gives the equivalent resistance of the corresponding light-emitting unit as 1038 GΩ (equivalent to the resistance of the red light-emitting unit R1-2 in Figure 2B being 1038 GΩ), which is equivalent to a voltage of 1038 GΩ × 0.0005 mA / cm across the light-emitting unit. 2 ×400μm 2 =2.08V (equivalent to the voltage across the red light-emitting unit R1-2 in Figure 2B is 2.08V).

[0144] Assume the voltage of the blue light-emitting unit in the blue sub-pixel is 2.4V (equivalent to the voltage across the blue light-emitting units B1-1 / B1-2 in Figure 2B is 2.4V, i.e., V). CGL -ELVSS=2.4V), then the aforementioned red light-emitting unit R1-2 corresponds to V CGL The partial voltage R R1-2 / (R R1-2 +R CGL )×(V CGL -ELVSS)=2.08V, that is, 1038GΩ / (1038GΩ+R) CGL )×2.4V=2.08V. At 1038GΩ / (1038GΩ+R CGL When the voltage reaches 2.08V (2.4V × 2.4V), the current density in the red light-emitting unit R1-2 reaches the starting current density. CGL =1038GΩ × 2.4V / 2.08V - 1038GΩ = 159.7GΩ. Referring to Figure 6B, the current density of the light-emitting unit in the red sub-pixel increases with the increase of the driving voltage. If the equivalent resistance of CGL is greater than 159.7GΩ, then the voltage across the red light-emitting unit R1-2 will be less than 2.08V, and the current density in the red light-emitting unit R1-2 will be less than 0.0005mA / cm². 2 The red light-emitting unit R1-2 does not emit light. That is, with a PDL gap of 20μm, if the equivalent resistance of the CGL is greater than 159.7 GΩ / □, the current density in the red light-emitting unit R1-2 will be less than 0.0005 mA / cm². 2 (The starting current density of the red light-emitting unit R1-2 has not been reached), so there will be no pixel crosstalk between the blue and red sub-pixels.

[0145] In some embodiments, the driving voltage of the blue sub-pixel is greater than that of the green sub-pixel, and the driving voltage of the green sub-pixel is greater than that of the red sub-pixel. Therefore, the voltage division obtained by each sub-pixel from the driving voltages of sub-pixels of colors other than the blue sub-pixel will be less than the voltage division obtained from the driving voltage of the blue sub-pixel. In other words, if no pixel crosstalk occurs between the blue and red sub-pixels, pixel crosstalk will also not occur between the green and red sub-pixels, or between the blue and red sub-pixels.

[0146] In some embodiments, under otherwise constant conditions, the sheet resistance of the film increases as the thickness decreases. Therefore, by reducing the thickness of i-CGL, the overall sheet resistance of CGL can be increased, causing the voltage value obtained by the light-emitting unit in one sub-pixel from the driving voltage of another sub-pixel to be less than the emission voltage of that light-emitting unit, thereby avoiding crosstalk between sub-pixels. For example, in the cases shown in Figures 6A and 6B, by reducing the thickness of i-CGL so that the sheet resistance of CGL is greater than 159.7 GΩ / □, the red light-emitting unit R1-2 will not emit light incorrectly due to the blue light-emitting units B1-1 / B1-2.

[0147] For example, Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of the current and driving voltage of the CGL when the i-CGL thickness is different, according to some embodiments of this application.

[0148] In the scenario shown in Figure 7, the horizontal axis represents the driving voltage, the vertical axis represents the current, and:

[0149] The first CGL is: ITO / ET:1.5% Yb (10nm) / HATCN (2.5nm) / HT:3% NDP-9 (10nm) / ITO, which consists of an indium tin oxide electrode, an N-CGL (10nm thick, fabricated using 1.5% Yb doped in the electron transport material), an i-CGL (2.5nm thick, using HATCN), a P-CGL (10nm thick, fabricated using 3% NDP-9 doped in the hole transport material), and an indium tin oxide electrode stacked in sequence. For details, please refer to the reference (SID 2022 DIGEST, 877-880).

[0150] The second CGL is: ITO / ET:1.5% Yb (10nm) / HATCN (5nm) / HT:3% NDP-9 (10nm) / ITO, which consists of an indium tin oxide electrode, an N-CGL (10nm thick, fabricated using 1.5% Yb doped in the electron transport material), an i-CGL (2.5nm thick, using HATCN), a P-CGL (10nm thick, fabricated using 3% NDP-9 doped in the hole transport material), and an indium tin oxide electrode stacked in sequence. For details, please refer to the reference (SID 2022 DIGEST, 877-880).

[0151] In other words, the difference between the first CGL and the second CGL lies in the thickness of the i-CGL.

[0152] As shown in Figure 7, the current of the first CGL remains at 10 as the driving voltage increases. -8 In the order of mA, the current of the first CGL increases from 10 with the increase of the driving voltage. -8 The mA order of magnitude increases to 10 -6 The current is on the order of mA. For example, at a drive voltage of 20V, the current in the first CGL is 2.903 × 10⁻⁶. -8 mA, CGL sheet resistance is 20V / 2.903×10 -8 mA = 688.9 GΩ / □. When the driving voltage is 20V, the current in the second CGL is 7.094 × 10⁻⁶. -6 mA, sheet resistance is 20V / 7.094×10 -6 mA = 2.8 GΩ / □. The sheet resistance of the first CGL is 244 times that of the second CGL.

[0153] In some embodiments, due to the specific charge generation capability of the i-CGL, the doping concentration of the P-CGL in a three-layer CGL is lower than that of a two-layer P-CGL, and the doping concentration of the N-CGL in a three-layer CGL is lower than that of a two-layer N-CGL, while providing the same charge generation capability. Correspondingly, the sheet resistance of the three-layer CGL will be greater than that of a two-layer CGL. Therefore, using the three-layer CGL including N-CGL, i-CGL, and P-CGL provided in the embodiments of this application is more advantageous for increasing the sheet resistance of the CGL.

[0154] For example, Figure 8A shows a schematic diagram of the current density of the light-emitting layer in a display panel employing two-layer CGL and three-layer CGL as a function of driving voltage, according to some embodiments of this application; Figure 8B shows a schematic diagram of the luminous brightness of the light-emitting unit in a display panel employing two-layer CGL and three-layer CGL as a function of driving voltage, according to some embodiments of this application; Figure 8C shows a schematic diagram comparing the current in two-layer CGL and three-layer CGL, according to some embodiments of this application.

[0155] In the cases shown in Figures 8A to 8C:

[0156] The two-layer CGL structure is ET:1.5%Yb (10nm) / HT:10%NDP-9 (10nm), meaning the N-CGL is 10nm thick and is prepared by doping the electron transport material with 1.5% Yb, while the P-CGL is 10nm thick and is prepared by doping the hole transport material with 10% NDP-9. For details, please refer to the reference (SID 2022DIGEST, 877-880).

[0157] The three-layer CGL structure is ET:1.5% Yb (10nm) / HATCN (2.5nm) / HT:3% NDP-9 (10nm), meaning the N-CGL is 10nm thick and prepared using 1.5% Yb doped in the electron transport material; the i-CGL is 2.5nm thick and prepared using HATCN; and the P-CGL is 10nm thick and prepared using 3% NDP-9 doped in the hole transport material. Compared to the two-layer CGL, the doping concentration of the P-CGL in the three-layer CGL is reduced from 10% to 3%. For details, please refer to the reference (SID 2022 DIGEST, 877-880).

[0158] Referring to 8A, the current density in the light-emitting layer of both two-layer and three-layer CGL display panels increases with increasing driving voltage. However, at the same driving voltage, the current density in the light-emitting layer of a three-layer CGL display panel is higher than that of the CGL in a two-layer CGL display panel. Since a higher current density provided by the CGL to the light-emitting layer under the same voltage results in a stronger charge generation capability of the CGL, it is evident that the charge generation capability of a three-layer CGL is higher than that of a two-layer CGL.

[0159] Referring to Figure 8B, the luminance of the light-emitting units in both the two-layer and three-layer CGL display panels increases with increasing driving voltage. At the same driving voltage, the luminance of the CGLs in the three-layer CGL display panel is higher than that in the two-layer CGL display panel. To achieve the same luminance, the driving voltage required for the three-layer CGL display panel is lower than that required for the two-layer CGL display panel. Therefore, the display panel provided in this embodiment can reduce power consumption.

[0160] Referring to Figure 8C, the current in both the two-layer and three-layer CGLs increases with increasing driving voltage. However, the rate of increase in current with driving voltage for the three-layer CGL (the steeper the curve, the faster the increase) is much lower than that for the two-layer CGL. Furthermore, at the same driving voltage, the current in the three-layer CGL is significantly lower than that in the two-layer CGL. Since sheet resistance and current are inversely proportional at a constant voltage, the sheet resistance of the three-layer CGL is greater than that of the two-layer CGL. For example, at a driving voltage of 20V, the current in the three-layer CGL is 7.21 × 10⁻⁶. -9 mA, CGL sheet resistance is 20V / 7.21×10 -9 mA = 2774 GΩ / □; the current in the two CGL layers is 6.508 × 10⁻⁶. - 8 mA, CGL sheet resistance is 20V / 6.508×10 -8 mA = 305 GΩ / □. That is to say, by using a three-layer CGL, at a driving voltage of 20V, the sheet resistance of the three-layer CGL is about (2774-305) / 305 = 8.1 times greater than that of the two-layer CGL.

[0161] In some embodiments, the Fermi level of the i-CGL is lower than the Fermi level of the host material in the P-CGL, forming an accumulation junction with the P-CGL. Electrons tunnel from the P-CGL to the i-CGL, lowering the energy level transition barrier. This reduces the driving voltage of the display panel, thereby reducing its power consumption. The specific principle of reducing the driving voltage of the display panel when the Fermi level of the i-CGL is lower than that of the P-CGL is described below.

[0162] For example, Figure 9A shows a schematic diagram of the energy levels of a two-layer CGL; Figure 9B shows a schematic diagram of the electric field of a two-layer CGL.

[0163] As shown in Figure 9A, in the two-layer CGL, the Fermi level of the electron transport material (N-ET) in the N-CGL is similar to that of the hole transport material (P-HT) in the P-CGL, and the Fermi level of N-ET is higher than that of P-HT. Electrons diffuse from N-CGL to P-CGL, resulting in a decrease in the number of electrons and an increase in the proportion of holes on the side of N-CGL closer to P-CGL, and an increase in the number of electrons and a decrease in the proportion of holes on the side of P-CGL closer to N-CGL. Thus, referring to Figure 9B, a depletion region is formed in the region where N-CGL and P-CGL are close together. In the depletion region, there is a built-in electric field E1 pointing from N-CGL to P-CGL. In the regions of N-CGL excluding the depletion region and P-CGL excluding the depletion region, there are built-in electric fields E2 and E3, respectively, which are opposite to the direction of the built-in electric field E1.

[0164] After applying a driving voltage to the two CGL layers, an external electric field E0 is generated, pointing from N-CGL to P-CGL. This external electric field E0 drives holes generated at the N-CGL and P-CGL interface to move in the direction along the external electric field E0, and electrons generated at the N-CGL and P-CGL interface to move in the opposite direction to the external electric field E0. Since the direction of the external electric field E0 is opposite to the directions of the built-in electric fields E2 and E3, the built-in electric fields E2 and E3 will hinder the movement of holes and electrons in the corresponding directions. In other words, the external electric field E0 needs to provide not only the voltage for hole and electron migration, but also the voltage to overcome the built-in electric fields E2 and E3. Therefore, as the display panel operates for longer, the intensity of the built-in electric field E1 will increase, and correspondingly, the built-in electric fields E2 and E3 will also increase. The voltage used to overcome the built-in electric fields E2 and E3 in the driving voltage will also increase, and the driving voltage required to drive the display panel to emit light of the same brightness will also increase.

[0165] In the three-layer CGL, the Fermi level of the i-CGL is lower than that of the P-CGL, and an accumulation junction is formed between the i-CGL and the P-CGL. Compared with the two-layer CGL, the driving voltage can be reduced.

[0166] Specifically, Figure 10A shows a schematic diagram of the energy levels of a three-layer CGL; Figure 10B shows a schematic diagram of the built-in electric field direction of a three-layer CGL.

[0167] As shown in Figure 10A, in the three-layer CGL, the Fermi level of i-CGL is lower than that of P-HT and N-ET. Therefore, in the absence of an external electric field, electrons in P-CGL will migrate towards i-CGL, resulting in an increase in the number of electrons and a decrease in the proportion of holes on the side of i-CGL closer to P-CGL, and a decrease in the number of electrons and an increase in the proportion of holes on the side of P-CGL closer to i-CGL. Thus, referring to Figure 10B, an accumulation junction region forms near the interface between i-CGL and P-CGL, and a built-in electric field E4 exists in the accumulation junction region pointing from P-CGL to i-CGL. Correspondingly, built-in electric fields E5 and E6, with the same direction as the built-in electric field E4, exist in the region of i-CGL other than the accumulation junction region and in the region of P-CGL other than the depletion region, respectively.

[0168] After applying a driving voltage to the three-layer CGL, an external electric field E0 is generated, pointing from the N-CGL to the P-CGL. This field drives holes generated in the i-CGL (which can also be the N-CGL or P-CGL) to move in the direction along the external electric field E0, and electrons generated at the N-CGL and P-CGL interface to move in the opposite direction to the external electric field E0. Since the direction of the external electric field E0 is the same as the directions of the built-in electric fields E5 and E6, the built-in electric fields E5 and E6 do not impede the movement of holes and electrons in their corresponding directions. In other words, the external electric field E0 does not need to provide a voltage to overcome the built-in electric fields E5 and E6, and the driving voltage required to drive the display panel to emit light of the same brightness is not increased compared to two-layer CGL.

[0169] The structure of the display panel including the aforementioned three-layer CGL provided in the embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to specific pixel configurations.

[0170] In some embodiments, a pixel may include sub-pixels of multiple colors, such as sub-pixels of three colors (red, green, and blue), or sub-pixels of four colors (red, green, blue, and cyan), or sub-pixels of four colors (red, green, blue, and sky blue), or sub-pixels of four colors (red, green, blue, and white). A sub-pixel of one color can be called a primary color. The display panel can mix multiple primary colors to create different colors by changing the luminous intensity of different primary colors within the same pixel.

[0171] In some embodiments, a pixel may contain one or more sub-pixels of a single color. For example, in a pixel containing three sub-pixels of different colors, the pixel may contain three sub-pixels of different colors; in a pixel containing four sub-pixels of different colors, the pixel may contain four sub-pixels of different colors. As another example, in a pixel containing three sub-pixels of different colors, the pixel may contain four sub-pixels, two of which are of the same color.

[0172] In some embodiments, the shape of a light-emitting unit of a sub-pixel can be circular, elliptical, rectangular, rhomboid, or other polygonal or irregular shapes.

[0173] In some embodiments, the colors of the multiple light-emitting units of a sub-pixel of a color can be the same or different. For example, a sub-pixel of a color may consist of multiple light-emitting units, each with the same light-emitting color, disposed on different light-emitting layers. Alternatively, the light-emitting units of a sub-pixel of a color may also consist of multiple light-emitting units, each with a different light-emitting color, disposed on different light-emitting layers.

[0174] In some embodiments, the sizes of subpixels of different colors may be the same or different.

[0175] The following section uses a display panel with two light-emitting layers as an example to introduce the technical solution of the display panel with the aforementioned three CGL layers provided in this application, in conjunction with the number, color, shape, and arrangement rules of sub-pixels in a pixel.

[0176] Implementation method 1: A pixel in the display panel includes a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, and a blue sub-pixel. Each color sub-pixel includes multiple light-emitting units with the same light-emitting color as the sub-pixel color.

[0177] For example, Figure 11A shows a schematic diagram of the structure of different color sub-pixels in a display panel 20 according to some embodiments of this application.

[0178] As shown in Figure 11A, the CGL in the display panel 20 is the aforementioned three-layer CGL. Specifically, the display panel 20 includes a substrate 201, a driving layer 202, an anode layer 203, a HIL 204, an HTL 205, a light-emitting layer 206, a HBL 207, an ETL 208, an N-CGL 209, an i-CGL 210, a P-CGL 211, an HTL 212, a light-emitting layer 213, a HBL 214, an ETL 215, an EIL 216, a cathode 217, a CPL 218, and an encapsulation layer 219, stacked sequentially along the Z direction. Among these, HBL 207 and HBL 214 are optional, and the function and materials of each layer can be referred to the relevant content in the aforementioned display panel 10, and are not limited here.

[0179] For the red sub-pixel, the light-emitting layer 206 may include an auxiliary layer AR1 and a red light-emitting unit R1 stacked together, wherein the auxiliary layer AR1 is disposed on the side of the light-emitting layer 1 near HTL 205, and the light-emitting layer 213 may include an auxiliary layer AR2 and a red light-emitting unit R2 stacked together, wherein the auxiliary layer AR2 is disposed on the side of the light-emitting layer 213 near HTL 212.

[0180] For the green sub-pixel, the light-emitting layer 206 may include an auxiliary layer AG1 and a green light-emitting unit G1 stacked together, wherein the auxiliary layer AG1 is disposed on the side of the light-emitting layer 206 near the HTL 205, and the light-emitting layer 213 may include an auxiliary layer AG2 and a green light-emitting unit G2 stacked together, wherein the auxiliary layer AG2 is disposed on the side of the light-emitting layer 213 near the HTL 212.

[0181] For the blue sub-pixel, the light-emitting layer 206 may include a blue light-emitting unit B1, and the light-emitting layer 213 may include a blue light-emitting unit B2.

[0182] In some embodiments, light-emitting units of the same color in a light-emitting layer can be fabricated using a fine metal mask (FMM). The FMM may include multiple openings, the size and position of which correspond to the size and position of the light-emitting units. In some embodiments, auxiliary layers of the same color in a light-emitting layer can be fabricated using a single FMM. The FMM may include multiple openings, the position of which corresponds to the size and position of the light-emitting units. Based on this, for the display panel 20 shown in FIG11A, the light-emitting layer can be fabricated using 10 FMMs: three FMMs corresponding to the three colors of light-emitting units in light-emitting layer 206, two FMMs corresponding to auxiliary layers AR1 and AG1 in light-emitting layer 206, three FMMs corresponding to the three colors of light-emitting units in light-emitting layer 213, and two FMMs corresponding to auxiliary layers AR2 and AG2 in light-emitting layer 213.

[0183] In other words, in the display panel 20 shown in Figure 11A, the red and green sub-pixels have an auxiliary layer between the light-emitting unit in each light-emitting layer and the hole transport layer adjacent to the light-emitting layer, while the blue sub-pixel does not have an auxiliary layer between the light-emitting unit in each light-emitting layer and the hole transport layer adjacent to the light-emitting layer.

[0184] It should be noted that in other embodiments, depending on the manufacturing process and the requirements for the light emission of the display panel (such as light emission brightness, color gamut, light emission efficiency, etc.), the corresponding auxiliary layers may be added or reduced, and the number of FMMs required to prepare the light-emitting layer may be increased or decreased accordingly.

[0185] For example, referring to Figure 11B, relative to display panel 20, no auxiliary layer is provided between the light-emitting units R1 and G1 in the light-emitting layer 206 and HTL 205 for the red and green sub-pixels in display panel 20'. Therefore, only 8 FMMs can be used when fabricating the light-emitting units in display panel 20'.

[0186] It should be noted that the absence of an auxiliary layer between the light-emitting unit of the blue sub-pixel and the adjacent HTL in Figures 11A and 11B is only an example. In other embodiments, an auxiliary layer may not be provided between the light-emitting unit of the sub-pixel of other colors and the adjacent HTL, or an auxiliary layer may be provided between the light-emitting unit of the sub-pixel of all colors and the adjacent HTL. This is not a limitation.

[0187] For example, in some embodiments, an auxiliary layer may be provided between the light-emitting unit of the light-emitting layer 206 and the HTL 205 for the red and blue sub-pixels, and an auxiliary layer may be provided between the light-emitting unit of the light-emitting layer 213 and the HTL 212 for the red and blue sub-pixels, instead of providing an auxiliary layer between the light-emitting unit of the green sub-pixel and the adjacent HTL.

[0188] For example, in some embodiments, an auxiliary layer may be provided between the light-emitting unit of the light-emitting layer 206 and the HTL 205 for the green and blue sub-pixels, and an auxiliary layer may be provided between the light-emitting unit of the light-emitting layer 213 and the HTL 212 for the green and blue sub-pixels, instead of providing an auxiliary layer between the light-emitting unit of the red sub-pixel and the adjacent HTL.

[0189] Corresponding to the situations shown in Figures 11A and 11B, the shape, arrangement order, and number of sub-pixels can be set in a variety of different ways.

[0190] For example, Figures 12A to 12F show schematic diagrams of various subpixel arrangement methods.

[0191] For example, referring to Figure 12A, a pixel may include three rectangular sub-pixels: a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, and a blue sub-pixel. In each pixel, the red, green, and blue sub-pixels are distributed in the same way, and they can be arranged sequentially along the X-direction in the order of red, green, and blue. That is, a pixel may include three columns of sub-pixels, with each color occupying one column.

[0192] Optionally, in some embodiments, the red, green, and blue sub-pixels in each pixel can also be arranged sequentially along the Y direction, that is, a pixel can include 3 rows of sub-pixels, with each color sub-pixel occupying one row.

[0193] Optionally, in some embodiments, in each pixel, the red sub-pixel, green sub-pixel, and blue sub-pixel can also be arranged sequentially along the X or Y direction in the order of green sub-pixel, blue sub-pixel, red sub-pixel, or green sub-pixel, red sub-pixel, blue sub-pixel, green sub-pixel, or blue sub-pixel, red sub-pixel, green sub-pixel, or blue sub-pixel, green sub-pixel, red sub-pixel.

[0194] Optionally, the three rectangular subpixels in a pixel can be the same size or different sizes.

[0195] For example, referring to Figure 12B, a subpixel may include three rectangular subpixels: a red subpixel, a green subpixel, and a blue subpixel. In each pixel, the red, green, and blue subpixels are distributed in the same way. Furthermore, the green and red subpixels are arranged sequentially along the Y direction (equivalent to the green and red subpixels being in the same column), while the blue and red subpixels are arranged sequentially along the X direction (equivalent to the blue and red subpixels (green subpixels) being in different columns). That is, a pixel includes two columns of pixels, with the red and green subpixels in one column and the blue subpixel in the other.

[0196] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the positions of the red and green subpixels in each pixel can be swapped.

[0197] Optionally, in some embodiments, any two of the three color subpixels may be located in the same column, while the subpixel of the other color may be located in another column.

[0198] For example, referring to Figure 12C, a pixel may include three rectangular subpixels: a red subpixel, a green subpixel, and a blue subpixel. In each pixel, the red and green subpixels are distributed in the same way, and the green and red subpixels are arranged sequentially along the Y-direction (equivalent to the green and red subpixels being arranged in the same column), while the blue and red subpixels are arranged sequentially along the X-direction (equivalent to the blue and red subpixels (green subpixels) being arranged in different columns). Furthermore, the blue subpixels in two adjacent pixels in the Y-direction (i.e., two adjacent pixels in the same column) are positioned closer to different sides of their respective pixels in the Y-direction; the blue subpixels in the same row of pixels are positioned the same relative to their respective pixels. For example, if pixels P2 and P4 are adjacent in the Y-direction, and the blue subpixel in pixel P2 is closer to the bottom edge of pixel P2, then the blue subpixel in pixel P4 is closer to the top edge of pixel P4. For example, pixels P2 and P3 are in the same row, with the blue sub-pixel of pixel P2 near the bottom edge of pixel P2 and the blue sub-pixel of pixel P3 near the bottom edge of pixel P3; pixels P4 and P5 are in the same row, with the blue sub-pixel of pixel P4 near the top edge of pixel P4 and the blue sub-pixel of pixel P5 near the top edge of pixel P5.

[0199] Since the light-emitting units are fabricated using a frame-by-frame mirror (FMM), the size of the opening in the FMM corresponds to the size of the light-emitting unit. Using the sub-pixel arrangement shown in Figure 12C, when fabricating the light-emitting unit of a blue sub-pixel, the blue sub-pixels of two pixels adjacent in the Y direction and close to the boundary between the two pixels can be fabricated through a single opening. That is, the size of the opening in the FMM corresponding to the blue sub-pixel is greater than or equal to the sum of the sizes of the two blue sub-pixels. This avoids creating small openings in the FMM, reducing manufacturing costs. For example, for pixels P2 to P5 in Figure 12C, the blue sub-pixels in pixels P2 and P3 are close to the boundary between pixels P2 and P4, and the blue sub-pixels in pixels P2 and P4 can be fabricated through opening K1 in the FMM; the blue sub-pixels in pixels P3 and P5 are close to the boundary between pixels P3 and P5, and the blue sub-pixels in pixels P3 and P5 can be fabricated through opening K2 in the FMM.

[0200] In some embodiments, for the subpixel arrangement shown in FIG12C, the positions of subpixels of different colors in the display panel can also be swapped. For example, the positions of red subpixels and blue subpixels in the display panel can be swapped, and / or the positions of red subpixels and green subpixels in the display panel can be swapped, and / or the positions of blue subpixels and green subpixels in the display panel can be swapped, without limitation.

[0201] Referring to Figure 12D, in some embodiments, a subpixel may include three rectangular subpixels: a red subpixel, a green subpixel, and a blue subpixel. In each pixel, the green and red subpixels are arranged along the Y-direction (equivalent to the green and red subpixels being arranged in the same column), and the blue and red subpixels are arranged along the X-direction (equivalent to the blue and red subpixels (green subpixels) being arranged in different columns). Within the same column, adjacent pixels are mirror-image arranged around the X-direction; pixels in the same row are arranged in the same way. That is, within the same column, the red and green subpixels are arranged in opposite order along the Y-direction, and the blue subpixels are positioned closer to different sides of their respective pixels along the Y-direction.

[0202] For example, pixels P6 and P8 are adjacent pixels in the same column. In pixel P6, the red sub-pixel is above the red sub-pixel, and the blue sub-pixel is near the bottom edge of pixel P6. In pixel P8, the green sub-pixel is above the red sub-pixel, and the blue sub-pixel is near the top edge of pixel P8. As another example, pixels P6 and P7 are pixels in the same row, with the same sub-pixel arrangement.

[0203] Based on the subpixel arrangement shown in Figure 12D, except for the subpixels in the edge area of ​​the display panel, each subpixel is close to another subpixel of the same color in the Y direction. Therefore, the openings in the FMM used to manufacture the red, green, and blue subpixels can be larger than twice the size of the red subpixel, twice the size of the green subpixel, and twice the size of the blue subpixel, respectively. This avoids manufacturing small openings in the FMM, reducing manufacturing costs.

[0204] For example, for pixels P6 to P9 in Figure 12D, the blue sub-pixels in pixels P6 and P8 are close to the boundary between pixels P6 and P8, and can be prepared using opening K3 in the FMM; similarly, the blue sub-pixels in pixels P7 and P9 are close to the boundary between pixels P7 and P9, and can be prepared using opening K4 in the FMM. Likewise, the green sub-pixels in pixels P6 and P8 can be prepared using opening K5 in the FMM; and the green sub-pixels in pixels P7 and P9 can be prepared using opening K6 in the FMM.

[0205] In some embodiments, for the subpixel arrangement shown in FIG12D, the positions of subpixels of different colors in the display panel can also be swapped. For example, the positions of red subpixels and blue subpixels in the display panel can be swapped, and / or the positions of red subpixels and green subpixels in the display panel can be swapped, and / or the positions of blue subpixels and green subpixels in the display panel can be swapped, without limitation.

[0206] Referring to Figure 12E, in some embodiments, a subpixel may include three rectangular subpixels: a red subpixel, a green subpixel, and a blue subpixel. In each pixel, the green and red subpixels are arranged along the Y-direction (equivalent to the green and red subpixels being arranged in the same column), and the blue and red subpixels are arranged along the X-direction (equivalent to the blue and red subpixels (green subpixels) being arranged in different columns). In adjacent pixels, the subpixels are mirrored around the X-direction. That is, in adjacent pixels, the red and green subpixels are arranged in reverse order along the Y-direction, and the blue subpixels are positioned closer to different sides of their respective pixels along the Y-direction.

[0207] For example, in pixel P10, the red subpixel is above the green subpixel, and the blue subpixel is near the bottom edge of pixel P10. Pixel P10 is adjacent to pixels P11 and P12, so in pixels P11 and P12, the green subpixel is above the red subpixel, and the blue subpixel is near the top edge of pixel P10.

[0208] Based on the subpixel arrangement shown in Figure 12E, except for the subpixels in the edge area of ​​the display panel, each subpixel is close to another subpixel of the same color in the Y direction. Therefore, the openings in the FMM used to manufacture the red, green, and blue subpixels can be larger than twice the size of the red subpixel, twice the size of the green subpixel, and twice the size of the blue subpixel, respectively. This avoids manufacturing small openings in the FMM, reducing manufacturing costs. For example, for pixels P10 to P13 in Figure 12E, the blue sub-pixels in pixels P10 and P12 are close to the boundary between pixels P10 and P12, and the blue sub-pixels in pixels P10 and P12 can be prepared by opening K7 in the FMM; the green sub-pixels in pixels P10 and P12 are close to the boundary between pixels P10 and P12, and the blue sub-pixels in pixels P10 and P12 can be prepared by opening K8 in the FMM; the red sub-pixels in pixels P11 and P13 are close to the boundary between pixels P11 and P13, and the red sub-pixels in pixels P11 and P13 can be prepared by opening K9 in the FMM.

[0209] In some embodiments, for the subpixel arrangement shown in FIG12E, the positions of subpixels of different colors in the display panel can also be swapped. For example, the positions of red subpixels and blue subpixels in the display panel can be swapped, and / or the positions of red subpixels and green subpixels in the display panel can be swapped, and / or the positions of blue subpixels and green subpixels in the display panel can be swapped, without limitation.

[0210] In some embodiments, since at least some subpixels in the subpixel arrangements shown in Figures 12C to 12E can be fabricated using an FMM with an aperture size twice (or more) that of the subpixel, a display panel with smaller pixel size and higher pixel density can be fabricated when the minimum aperture size of the FMM is fixed. Therefore, the subpixel arrangements shown in Figures 12C to 12E can be used for display panels with higher pixel density and / or smaller pixel size.

[0211] Referring to Figure 12F, in some embodiments, a subpixel may include four rectangular subpixels: one red subpixel, two green subpixels, and one blue subpixel. In each pixel, the red and blue subpixels are respectively located at the two corners of one diagonal of the pixel, and the two green subpixels are respectively located at the two corners of the other diagonal of the pixel.

[0212] Alternatively, for the subpixel arrangement shown in Figure 12F, the green subpixel can be a rectangle, and the red and blue subpixels can be squares.

[0213] In some embodiments, for the subpixel arrangement shown in FIG12, the positions of different colored subpixels in the display panel can also be swapped. For example, the positions of red subpixels and blue subpixels in the display panel can be swapped, or the positions of red subpixels and green subpixels can be swapped, or the positions of green subpixels and blue subpixels can be swapped, etc.

[0214] It should be noted that the rectangular shape of the sub-pixels in Figures 12A to 12F is only an example. In other embodiments, without changing the arrangement of different colored sub-pixels, the shape of the sub-pixels can be other shapes, such as circles, ellipses, other polygons or irregular shapes, etc. This application does not limit the embodiments.

[0215] It should be noted that the subpixel colors in Figures 12A to 12F are only examples. In other embodiments, one or more of the red, blue, and green subpixels can be replaced with subpixels of other colors. This application does not limit the embodiments.

[0216] Implementation Method 2: A pixel in the display panel includes a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, a blue sub-pixel, and a sky blue sub-pixel. Each color sub-pixel includes multiple light-emitting units with the same light-emitting color as the sub-pixel color.

[0217] For example, Figure 13A shows a schematic diagram of the structure of different color sub-pixels in a display panel according to some embodiments of this application.

[0218] As shown in Figure 13A, the CGL in the display panel 30 is the aforementioned three-layer CGL. Specifically, the display panel 30 includes a substrate 301, a driving layer 302, an anode 303, a HIL 304, an HTL 305, a light-emitting layer 306, an HBL 307, an ETL 308, an N-CGL 309, an i-CGL 310, a P-CGL 311, an HTL 312, a light-emitting layer 313, an HBL 314, an ETL 315, an EIL 316, a cathode 317, a CPL 318, and an encapsulation layer 319, stacked sequentially along the Z direction. Among these, HBL 307 and HBL 314 are optional, and the function and materials of each layer can be referred to the relevant content in the aforementioned display panel 10, and are not limited here.

[0219] For the red sub-pixel, the light-emitting layer 306 may include an auxiliary layer AR1 and a red light-emitting unit R1 stacked in sequence, and the light-emitting layer 313 may include an auxiliary layer AR2 and a red light-emitting unit R2 stacked in sequence. The auxiliary layer AR1 is disposed on the side of the light-emitting layer 306 near HTL 305, and the auxiliary layer AR2 is disposed on the side of the light-emitting layer 313 near HTL 312.

[0220] For the green sub-pixel, the light-emitting layer 306 may include an auxiliary layer AG1 and a green light-emitting unit G1 stacked in sequence, and the light-emitting layer 313 may include an auxiliary layer AG2 and a green light-emitting unit G2 stacked in sequence. The auxiliary layer AG1 is disposed on the side of the light-emitting layer 306 near the HTL 305, and the auxiliary layer AG2 is disposed on the side of the light-emitting layer 313 near the HTL 312.

[0221] For the azure sub-pixel, the light-emitting layer 306 may include an auxiliary layer AC1 and an azure light-emitting unit C1 stacked in sequence, and the light-emitting layer 313 may include an auxiliary layer AC2 and an azure light-emitting unit C2 stacked in sequence. The auxiliary layer AC1 is disposed on the side of the light-emitting layer 306 near the HTL 305, and the auxiliary layer AC2 is disposed on the side of the light-emitting layer 313 near the HTL 312.

[0222] For the blue sub-pixel, the light-emitting layer 306 may include a blue light-emitting unit B1, and the light-emitting layer 313 may include a blue light-emitting unit B2.

[0223] For the display panel shown in Figure 13A, the light-emitting layer can be prepared by 11 FMMs, namely four FMMs corresponding to the four colors of light-emitting units in the light-emitting layer 306, three FMMs corresponding to the auxiliary layers AR1, AG1 and AC1 in the light-emitting layer 313, and four FMMs corresponding to the four colors of light-emitting units in the light-emitting layer 2.

[0224] In other words, in the display panel 30 shown in Figure 13A, the red, green, and cyan sub-pixels have auxiliary layers between their light-emitting units in the light-emitting layer and the hole transport layer adjacent to the light-emitting layer, while the blue sub-pixel does not have an auxiliary layer between its light-emitting units in each light-emitting layer and the hole transport layer adjacent to the light-emitting layer.

[0225] It should be noted that in other embodiments, depending on the manufacturing process and the requirements for the light emission of the display panel (such as light emission brightness, color gamut, light emission efficiency, etc.), the corresponding auxiliary layers may be added or reduced, and the number of FMMs required to prepare the light-emitting layer may be increased or decreased accordingly.

[0226] For example, referring to Figure 13B, relative to display panel 30, the red sub-pixels, green sub-pixels, and sky blue sub-pixels in display panel 30′ do not have an auxiliary layer between the light-emitting units in light-emitting layer 305 and HTL 305.

[0227] It should be noted that the absence of an auxiliary layer between the light-emitting unit of the blue sub-pixel and the adjacent HTL in Figures 13A and 13B is only an example. In other embodiments, an auxiliary layer may not be provided between the light-emitting unit of one or more other colors and the adjacent HTL, or an auxiliary layer may be provided between the light-emitting unit of all colors and the adjacent HTL. This is not a limitation.

[0228] For example, in some embodiments, an auxiliary layer may be provided between the light-emitting unit of the light-emitting layer 306 and the HTL 305 for the red sub-pixel, green sub-pixel, and blue sub-pixel, and an auxiliary layer may be provided between the light-emitting unit of the light-emitting layer 313 and the HTL 312 for the red sub-pixel, green sub-pixel, and blue sub-pixel, instead of providing an auxiliary layer between the light-emitting unit of the blue sub-pixel and the adjacent HTL.

[0229] For example, in some embodiments, an auxiliary layer may be provided between the light-emitting unit of the light-emitting layer 306 and the HTL 305 for the red sub-pixel, the sky blue sub-pixel, and the blue sub-pixel, and an auxiliary layer may be provided between the light-emitting unit of the light-emitting layer 313 and the HTL 312 for the red sub-pixel, the sky blue sub-pixel, and the blue sub-pixel, instead of providing an auxiliary layer between the light-emitting unit of the green sub-pixel and the adjacent HTL.

[0230] For example, in some embodiments, an auxiliary layer may be provided between the light-emitting unit of the light-emitting layer 306 and the HTL 305 for the green sub-pixel, the sky blue sub-pixel, and the blue sub-pixel, and an auxiliary layer may be provided between the light-emitting unit of the light-emitting layer 313 and the HTL 312 for the green sub-pixel, the sky blue sub-pixel, and the blue sub-pixel, instead of providing an auxiliary layer between the light-emitting unit of the red sub-pixel and the adjacent HTL.

[0231] Corresponding to the situations shown in Figures 13A and 13B, the shape, arrangement order, and number of sub-pixels can be set in a variety of different ways.

[0232] It should be noted that in some other embodiments, one or more of the red, green, blue, and sky-blue subpixels in the display panel 30 / 30' can be replaced with subpixels of other colors, and this is not limited here. For example, the sky-blue subpixel can be replaced with a subpixel that emits white light, a cyan subpixel, etc.

[0233] For example, Figures 14A to 14E show schematic diagrams of various subpixel arrangement methods.

[0234] Referring to Figure 14A, a pixel can include four rectangular subpixels: a red subpixel, a green subpixel, a blue subpixel, and a sky-blue subpixel. Within each pixel, the red, green, blue, and sky-blue subpixels are arranged in the same way. For example, the red, green, sky-blue, and blue subpixels can be positioned at the top-left, bottom-left, top-right, and bottom-right corners of a pixel, respectively.

[0235] It should be noted that, corresponding to the situation shown in Figure 14A, the positions of the sub-pixels can be swapped while ensuring that the arrangement of sub-pixels in each pixel is the same.

[0236] Referring to Figure 14B, a pixel can include four circular sub-pixels: a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, a blue sub-pixel, and a sky-blue sub-pixel. Within each pixel, the red, green, blue, and sky-blue sub-pixels are distributed in the same way. For example, the red, green, sky-blue, and blue sub-pixels can be located at the top-left, bottom-left, top-right, and bottom-right corners of a pixel, respectively.

[0237] It should be noted that, corresponding to the situation shown in Figure 14B, the positions of the sub-pixels can be swapped while ensuring that the arrangement of sub-pixels in each pixel is the same.

[0238] For example, a pixel may include four rectangular sub-pixels: a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, a blue sub-pixel, and a sky blue sub-pixel. These four sub-pixels are positioned at the four corners of the pixel. The arrangement of sub-pixels in adjacent pixels is mirrored relative to the X-direction. For example, the four color sub-pixels in each pixel can be arranged in two rows and two columns, with the first and second color sub-pixels in one column and the third and fourth color sub-pixels in the other column. For instance, the first and second color sub-pixels are positioned at two adjacent corners in the Y-direction, and the third and fourth color sub-pixels are positioned at the other two adjacent corners in the Y-direction. Thus, the order of the first and second color sub-pixels in adjacent pixels in the Y-direction is reversed, as is the order of the third and fourth color sub-pixels in adjacent pixels in the Y-direction.

[0239] For example, in the case shown in Figure 14C, the sub-pixels of the first to fourth colors can be red, green, cyan, and blue sub-pixels, respectively. Each pixel has two columns of sub-pixels, with the red and cyan sub-pixels in the same row, and the green and blue sub-pixels in the same row. In pixel P14, the red and cyan sub-pixels are in the first row, and the green and blue sub-pixels are in the second row and third column, respectively. Pixels P15 and P16 are adjacent to pixel P14, with the red and cyan sub-pixels in the second row and the green and blue sub-pixels in the first row. Pixel P17 is adjacent to both pixels P15 and P16, and the sub-pixels adjacent to pixels P15 and P16 have the same color arrangement. In pixel P17, the red and cyan sub-pixels are in the first row, and the green and blue sub-pixels are in the second row.

[0240] It should be noted that the sub-pixels of the first to fourth colors can be any permutation of red, green, blue, and cyan sub-pixels (there are a total of 4! = 24 possible permutations of the four colors). For example, the sub-pixels of the first to fourth colors can be red, green, blue, and cyan sub-pixels respectively, or green, red, blue, and cyan sub-pixels respectively, or green, red, blue, and cyan sub-pixels, and so on. Since, given a fixed pixel size, the more sub-pixels in a pixel, the smaller the size of each individual sub-pixel, and the smaller the opening size in the FMM used to fabricate the light-emitting unit. Based on the arrangement shown in Figure 14C, except for the sub-pixels at the edge of the display panel, each sub-pixel has one adjacent sub-pixel of the same color in the Y direction. Therefore, each sub-pixel can be prepared using an opening in the FMM with the same color adjacent to it in the Y direction. That is to say, the opening in the FMM can be twice the size of the sub-pixel, which can avoid using an FMM with a smaller opening and save costs.

[0241] For example, for pixels P14 to P17 in Figure 14C, the blue sub-pixels in pixels P14 and P16 are close to the boundary between pixels P14 and P16, and the blue sub-pixels in pixels P14 and P16 can be prepared by opening K10 in the FMM; the green sub-pixels in pixels P14 and P16 are close to the boundary between pixels P14 and P16, and the green sub-pixels in pixels P14 and P16 can be prepared by opening K11 in the FMM; the red sub-pixels in pixels P15 and P17 are close to the boundary between pixels P15 and P17, and the red sub-pixels in pixels P15 and P17 can be prepared by opening K12 in the FMM; the azure sub-pixels in pixels P15 and P17 are close to the boundary between pixels P15 and P17, and the azure sub-pixels in pixels P15 and P17 can be prepared by opening K13 in the FMM.

[0242] Furthermore, given a fixed minimum size of the opening that can be manufactured on the FMM, the pixel size of the display panel using the pixel arrangement shown in Figure 14C can be smaller. For example, if the minimum size of the opening that can be manufactured on the FMM is 5μm, then when manufacturing a display panel using the pixel arrangement shown in Figure 14C, the size of a single subpixel can be 2.5μm; while when manufacturing a display panel using the pixel arrangement shown in Figure 14A or Figure 14B, the size of a single subpixel is 5μm.

[0243] For example, a pixel may include four rectangular sub-pixels: a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, a blue sub-pixel, and a sky blue sub-pixel. These four sub-pixels are positioned at the four corners of the pixel. The arrangement of sub-pixels in adjacent pixels is mirrored relative to the Y-direction. For example, the four color sub-pixels in each pixel can be arranged in two rows and two columns, with the first and second color sub-pixels in one column and the third and fourth color sub-pixels in the other column. For instance, the first and second color sub-pixels are positioned at two adjacent corners in the X-direction, and the third and fourth color sub-pixels are positioned at the other two adjacent corners in the X-direction. Thus, the order of the first and second color sub-pixels in adjacent pixels is reversed in the X-direction, as is the order of the third and fourth color sub-pixels in adjacent pixels.

[0244] For example, in the scenario shown in Figure 14D, the sub-pixels for the first to fourth colors can be red, cyan, green, and blue sub-pixels, respectively. Each pixel has two rows and two columns of sub-pixels, with the red and green sub-pixels in the same column, and the cyan and blue sub-pixels in the same column. In pixel P18, the red and green sub-pixels are in the first column, and the cyan and blue sub-pixels are in the second column. Pixels P19 and P20 are adjacent to pixel P18, with the red and green sub-pixels in the second column and the cyan and blue sub-pixels in the first column. Pixel P21 is adjacent to both pixels P20 and P18, and the sub-pixels adjacent to pixels P20 and P18 have the same color arrangement. In pixel P21, the red and green sub-pixels are in the first column, and the cyan and blue sub-pixels are in the second column.

[0245] It should be noted that the sub-pixels of the first to fourth colors can be any of the permutations of red, sky blue, blue, and green sub-pixels (there are a total of 4! = 24 permutations of the four colors). For example, the sub-pixels of the first to fourth colors can be red, sky blue, blue, and green sub-pixels respectively, or sky blue, red, blue, and green sub-pixels respectively, or sky blue, red, blue, and green sub-pixels, and so on.

[0246] Given a fixed pixel size, the more subpixels a pixel contains, the smaller the size of each individual subpixel, and consequently, the smaller the opening size in the FMM used to fabricate the light-emitting unit. Based on the arrangement shown in Figure 14D, except for the subpixels at the edge of the display panel, each subpixel has an adjacent subpixel of the same color in the X direction. Therefore, each subpixel can be fabricated using an opening in the FMM along with its adjacent subpixel of the same color in the X direction. In other words, the opening in the FMM can be twice the size of the subpixel, avoiding the use of an FMM with a smaller opening and thus saving costs.

[0247] For example, for pixels P18 to P21 in Figure 14D, the blue sub-pixels in pixels P18 and P19 are close to the boundary between pixels P18 and P19, and the blue sub-pixels in pixels P18 and P19 can be prepared by opening K14 in the FMM; the green sub-pixels in pixels P20 and P21 are close to the boundary between pixels P20 and P21, and the green sub-pixels in pixels P20 and P21 can be prepared by opening K15 in the FMM; the azure sub-pixels in pixels P18 and P19 are close to the boundary between pixels P18 and P19, and the azure sub-pixels in pixels P18 and P19 can be prepared by opening K17 in the FMM; the red sub-pixels in pixels P20 and P21 are close to the boundary between pixels P20 and P21, and the red sub-pixels in pixels P20 and P21 can be prepared by opening K16 in the FMM.

[0248] It should be noted that the shape of the sub-pixels in Figures 14A to 14D is only an example. In other embodiments, the shape of the sub-pixels can also be other shapes, such as circles, ellipses, other polygons, irregular shapes, etc. This application does not limit the shape.

[0249] For example, in the subpixel arrangement shown in Figure 14E, the arrangement of each color subpixel is the same as in Figure 14C. The difference is that each subpixel is circular in shape.

[0250] In some embodiments, since at least some subpixels in the subpixel arrangement shown in Figures 14C and 14E can be fabricated using an FMM with an aperture size twice (or more) that of the subpixel, a display panel with smaller pixel size and higher pixel density can be fabricated when the minimum aperture size of the FMM is fixed. Therefore, the subpixel arrangement shown in Figures 14C and 14E can be used for display panels with higher pixel density and / or smaller pixel size.

[0251] It should be noted that the subpixel colors in Figures 14A to 14E are only examples. In other embodiments, one or more of the red, blue, green, and sky blue subpixels can be replaced with subpixels of other colors. This application does not limit the embodiments.

[0252] Implementation Method 3: A pixel in the display panel includes a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, and a blue sub-pixel, with each color sub-pixel comprising multiple blue light-emitting units. In this type of display panel, blue light can be converted into the color of the corresponding sub-pixel by superimposing a color conversion layer and a filter layer on the encapsulation layer.

[0253] As shown in Figure 15A, the CGL in the display panel 40 is the aforementioned three-layer CGL. Specifically, the display panel 40 includes a substrate 401, a driving layer 402, an anode 403, a HIL 404, an HTL 405, a light-emitting layer 406, a HBL 407, an ETL 408, an N-CGL 409, an i-CGL 410, a P-CGL 411, an HTL 412, a light-emitting layer 413, a HBL 414, an ETL 415, an EIL 416, a cathode 417, a CPL 418, an encapsulation layer 419, a CCL 420, and a filter layer 421, stacked sequentially along the Z direction. Among these, HBL 407 and HBL 414 are optional, and the function and materials of each layer can be referred to the relevant content in the aforementioned display panel 10, and are not limited here.

[0254] For the red sub-pixel, the emissive layer 406 may include a blue emissive unit B3, and the emissive layer 413 may include a blue emissive unit B4. The CCL 420 may be a red CCL, used to convert blue light into red light; the filter layer 421 may include a red filter (or a red filter film), used to filter out light of colors other than red. That is, the polychromatic light (which can also be monochromatic light if the light emitted by the blue emissive units B3 and B4 is of a single color) can be converted into red light by the filter layer.

[0255] For the green sub-pixel, the emissive layer 406 may include a blue emissive unit B5, and the emissive layer 413 may include a blue emissive unit B6. The CCL 420 may be a green CCL, used to convert blue light into green light; the filter layer may include a green filter (or a green filter film), used to filter out light of colors other than green. That is, the polychromatic light (which can also be monochromatic light if the light emitted by the blue emissive units B5 and B6 is of a single color) can be converted into green light by the filter layer.

[0256] For the blue sub-pixel, the emissive layer 406 may include a blue emissive unit B7, and the emissive layer 413 may include a blue emissive unit B9. The CCL 420 may be a blue CCL, used to convert the light emitted by the blue emissive units B7 and B9 into blue light; the filter layer 421 may include a blue filter (or blue filter film), used to filter out light of colors other than blue light.

[0257] In other embodiments, for the display panel shown in FIG15A, the blue sub-pixel may not have a blue color conversion layer superimposed on the encapsulation layer, but instead a filter layer may be superimposed directly on the encapsulation layer 419.

[0258] For example, Figure 15B shows a schematic diagram of a display panel 40'. As shown in Figure 15B, instead of first stacking a blue CCL and then stacking a blue filter layer, the blue subpixels of the display panel 40' are directly stacked on top of the encapsulation layer 419.

[0259] For the display panels shown in Figures 15A and 15B, the arrangement of sub-pixels can be referred to the embodiments in Figures 12A to 12F above, and will not be repeated here.

[0260] Implementation Method 4: A pixel in the display panel includes a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, and a blue sub-pixel. Each color sub-pixel includes a blue light-emitting unit and a white light-emitting unit. In this type of display panel, blue light can be converted into the color of the corresponding sub-pixel by superimposing a color conversion layer and a filter layer on the encapsulation layer.

[0261] As shown in Figure 16A, the CGL in the display panel 50 is the aforementioned three-layer CGL. Specifically, the display panel 50 includes a substrate 501, a driving layer 502, an anode 503, a HIL 504, an HTL 505, a light-emitting layer 506, a HBL 507, an ETL 508, an N-CGL 509, an i-CGL 510, a P-CGL 511, an HTL 512, a light-emitting layer 513, a HBL 514, an ETL 515, an EIL 516, a cathode 517, a CPL 518, an encapsulation layer 519, and a filter layer 520, stacked sequentially along the Z direction. Among these, HBL 407 and HBL 414 are optional, and the function and materials of each layer can be referred to the relevant content in the aforementioned display panel 10, and are not limited here.

[0262] For the red sub-pixel, the emissive layer 506 may include a blue emissive unit B9, and the emissive layer 513 may include a white light (or other polychromatic light) emissive unit (e.g., an emissive unit emitting red and green light combined with other light, or an emissive unit emitting its own polychromatic light) RG1. The filter layer 520 may include a red filter (or red filter film) to filter out light of colors other than red. That is, the polychromatic light resulting from the combination of the light emitted by the blue emissive unit B9 and the white emissive unit RG1 can be converted into red light in the filter layer.

[0263] For the green sub-pixel, the emissive layer 506 may include a blue emissive unit B10, and the emissive layer 513 may include a white emissive unit RG2. The filter layer 520 may include a green filter (or green filter film) to filter out light of colors other than green. That is, the polychromatic light resulting from the recombination of the light emitted by the blue emissive unit B10 and the white emissive unit RG2 can be converted into green light in the filter layer.

[0264] For the blue sub-pixel, the emissive layer 506 may include a blue emissive unit B11, and the emissive layer 513 may include a white emissive unit RG3. The filter layer may include a blue filter (or a blue filter film) to filter out light of colors other than blue. That is, the polychromatic light resulting from the recombination of the light emitted by the blue emissive unit B11 and the refractive emissive unit RG3 can be converted into blue light in the filter layer.

[0265] In other embodiments, the light-emitting units of the light-emitting layer 506 and the light-emitting layer 513 in the display panel 50 can interact with each other. For example, FIG16B shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a display panel 50' according to some embodiments of this application. Compared with the display panel 50, the light-emitting layer 506 of the display panel 50' is used to set white light-emitting units corresponding to each sub-pixel, and the light-emitting layer 513 is used to set blue light-emitting units corresponding to each sub-pixel.

[0266] For the display panels shown in Figures 16A and 16B, the arrangement of subpixels can be referred to the embodiments in Figures 12A to 12F above, and will not be repeated here.

[0267] In some embodiments, for the display panels shown in Figures 16A and 16B, the blue light-emitting unit can be replaced with a light-emitting unit of another color, and the white light-emitting unit can also be replaced with a light-emitting unit of another color; no limitation is made here.

[0268] This application embodiment also provides a display panel in which one pixel includes four colors of sub-pixels, and one sub-pixel includes a light-emitting unit.

[0269] For example, Figure 17 shows a schematic diagram of the pixel arrangement and FF cross-section of a display panel 60 according to some embodiments of this application.

[0270] Referring to Figure 17, in the display panel 60, the four sub-pixels of a pixel are respectively located at the four corners of the pixel, and the arrangement of the sub-pixels in adjacent pixels is mirrored relative to the X direction. For example, the three color sub-pixels in each pixel can be arranged in two rows and two columns, with the first and second color sub-pixels in one column and the third and fourth color sub-pixels in the other column. For instance, the first and second color sub-pixels are located at two adjacent corners in the Y direction, and the third and fourth color sub-pixels are located at the other two adjacent corners in the Y direction. Thus, the order of the first and second color sub-pixels in adjacent pixels in the Y direction is reversed, as are the order of the third and fourth color sub-pixels in adjacent pixels in the Y direction. Specific arrangement methods can be referred to in the embodiment shown in Figure 14C, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0271] Referring to Figure 17, the display panel 60 includes a substrate 601, a driving layer 602, an anode 603, a HIL 604, an HTL 605, a light-emitting layer 606, an HBL 607, an ETL 608, an EIL 609, a cathode 610, a CPL 611, and an encapsulation layer 612, stacked sequentially along the Z-direction. The HBL 607 is optional. The function and materials of each layer can be referred to the relevant content in the aforementioned display panel 10, and are not limited here.

[0272] For the sub-pixel of the first color, the light-emitting layer 606 may include an auxiliary layer 61 and a light-emitting unit 62 of the first color stacked in sequence. The auxiliary layer 61 is disposed on the side of the light-emitting layer 606 close to the HTL 605.

[0273] For the sub-pixel of the second color, the light-emitting layer 606 may include an auxiliary layer 63 and a light-emitting unit 64 of the second color stacked in sequence, with the auxiliary layer 63 disposed on the side of the light-emitting layer 606 close to the HTL 605.

[0274] For a sub-pixel of the third color, the light-emitting layer 606 may include an auxiliary layer 65 and a light-emitting unit 66 of the third color stacked in sequence, with the auxiliary layer 65 disposed on the side of the light-emitting layer 606 close to the HTL 605.

[0275] For the sub-pixel of the fourth color, the light-emitting layer 606 may include a light-emitting unit 67.

[0276] In some embodiments, auxiliary layers 61, 63, and 65 are optional.

[0277] In some embodiments, an auxiliary layer may also be provided between the light-emitting unit 67 and the HTL 605.

[0278] It should be noted that, in some other embodiments, the shape of the sub-pixels in the display panel 60 can be rectangular, circular, elliptical, other polygonal, irregular, etc.

[0279] In some embodiments, the sub-pixels of the first color to the fourth color can be any of the full permutations of the four colors (e.g., red sub-pixels, green sub-pixels, blue sub-pixels, and sky blue sub-pixels) (there are a total of 4! = 24 permutations of the four colors).

[0280] In the display panels provided by the foregoing embodiments, crosstalk between sub-pixels can be reduced or even avoided without the addition of isolation pillars or other isolation structures. Because no isolation pillars or other isolation structures are installed, the area between each anode in the anode layer exhibits a flat structure; the surface of this area is continuous, without protrusions or grooves.

[0281] For example, Figure 18 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of adjacent first and second anodes and PDL 30 in the aforementioned anode layers 203 / 303 / 403 / 503 / 603 according to some embodiments of this application.

[0282] As shown in Figure 18, the PDL 30 between the first anode and the second anode can be teardrop-shaped, and its slope angle a can be defined: draw a tangent L0 to the arc surface 30a through the intersection of the arc surface 30a of the PDL and the top surface 30b of the anode, and the acute angle formed by the tangent L0 and the top surface 30b is called the slope angle a. For the portion of cathode 40 (e.g., cathodes 217, 317, 417, 517, and 610 mentioned above) located between adjacent first and second anodes: the acute angle formed by the line connecting any two points on the surface 40a of cathode 40 facing PDL 30 and the top surface 30b is less than or equal to the slope angle α. For example, the acute angle b formed by the line L1 and the top surface 30b is less than the slope angle α; the acute angle formed by the line connecting any two points on the surface 40b of cathode 40 facing away from PDL 30 and the top surface 30b is less than or equal to the slope angle α. For example, the acute angle c formed by the line L2 and the top surface 30b is less than the slope angle α. Figure 18 only illustrates the case where the acute angle between this line and the top surface 30b is less than the slope angle α. It is easy to understand that there exists a line whose acute angle with the top surface 31b is equal to the slope angle α.

[0283] It should be noted that the first anode and the second anode can be the anodes of different sub-pixels within the same pixel, or the anodes of adjacent sub-pixels within different pixels; there is no limitation here. For example, in Figure 12C, the anodes of the red and green sub-pixels in pixel P2 can be the first and second anodes, respectively. Similarly, the anodes of the green sub-pixels in pixel P2 and the anodes of the red sub-pixels in pixel P4 can be the first and second anodes, respectively. As another example, in Figure 14C, when the anode of the blue sub-pixel in pixel P14 is the first anode, the second anode can be: the anode of the azure or green sub-pixel in pixel P4, or the anode of the red sub-pixel in pixel P15, or the anode of the blue sub-pixel in pixel P16.

[0284] It should be noted that the aforementioned HIL, HTL, light-emitting layer, HBL, ETL, and EIT are disposed between the anode layer 203 / 303 / 403 / 503 / 603 and the cathode 40. For details, please refer to the embodiments shown in Figures 4 to 17 above, which will not be repeated here.

[0285] It should be noted that the PDL shown in Figure 18 is only an example. In other embodiments, the shape of the PDL may also be other shapes, which are not limited here.

[0286] This application also provides an electronic device, which includes any of the display panels provided in the foregoing embodiments. The electronic device can be any electronic device capable of displaying images, including but not limited to mobile phones (e.g., candybar phones, foldable phones, rollable screen phones, etc.), tablet computers, laptops (including foldable laptops), smart screens, desktop monitors, smart wearable products (e.g., smartwatches, smart bracelets, etc.), mixed reality (MR), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), in-vehicle devices (e.g., car infotainment systems, car navigation systems), and home electronic products such as smart door locks, televisions, refrigerators, and rechargeable small household appliances (e.g., soymilk makers, robot vacuum cleaners), etc.

[0287] In some embodiments, the electronic device includes a structural member and a display screen fixed to the structural member. The display screen may include a cover plate and a display panel, with the cover plate abutting the display panel. The display panel may be the display panel provided in the foregoing embodiments.

[0288] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple (layers)" refers to two (layers) or more.

[0289] The terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as implying or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Features specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0290] The term "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Similarly, "fixation" should also be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixation" can be direct fixation or indirect fixation through an intermediate medium.

[0291] The directional terms mentioned in the embodiments of this application, such as "up," "down," "left," "right," "upper left," "lower left," "upper right," and "lower right," are only for reference to the directions in the accompanying drawings. These directional terms are used to better and more clearly explain and understand the embodiments of this application, and are not intended to explicitly or implicitly suggest that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, etc., and therefore should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application.

[0292] In the description of the embodiments in this application, unless otherwise stated, "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone.

[0293] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A display panel, characterized in that, include: An anode layer, multiple light-emitting layers, a cathode, and multiple charge-generating layers; wherein: The plurality of light-emitting layers and the plurality of charge-generating layers are disposed between the anode layer and the cathode, and one charge-generating layer is disposed between every two light-emitting layers; The charge generation layer comprises an N-type charge generation layer, an insertion layer, and a P-type charge generation layer stacked sequentially along a first direction, wherein the first direction is the direction from the anode layer to the cathode, and The charge generation layer has a sheet resistance greater than 1 GΩ / □ perpendicular to the first direction. Corresponding to the use of an organic material in the insertion layer, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the organic material is less than or equal to -3.5 eV. The insertion layer is made of an inorganic material, and the work function of the inorganic material is greater than or equal to 3.5 eV.

2. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the insertion layer is less than or equal to 15 nm.

3. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the insertion layer is less than or equal to 5 nm.

4. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Fermi level of the insertion layer is lower than the Fermi level of the host material of the P-type charge generation layer.

5. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the N-type charge generation layer includes a host material and a guest material, wherein the concentration of the guest material is (0%, 10%).

6. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The display panel further includes a pixel definition layer, the anode layer includes multiple anodes, and any two adjacent anodes among the multiple anodes are isolated by the pixel definition layer; Furthermore, corresponding to the adjacent first and second anodes among the plurality of anodes: The first anode has a top surface facing the cathode layer; The portion of the pixel definition layer located between the first anode and the second anode has a slope angle; The acute angle formed by the line connecting any two points on the surface of the cathode facing the pixel definition layer and the top surface is less than or equal to the slope angle. The acute angle formed by the line connecting any two points on the surface of the cathode facing away from the pixel definition layer and the top surface is less than or equal to the slope angle.

7. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The display panel also includes a hole injection layer, an electron injection layer, multiple hole transport layers, multiple electron transport layers, and a substrate; in, The hole injection layer and a hole transport layer are sequentially stacked between the anode layer and the first light-emitting layer closest to the anode layer among the plurality of light-emitting layers along the first direction; An electron transport layer and an electron injection layer are sequentially stacked between the cathode and the second light-emitting layer closest to the cathode among the plurality of light-emitting layers along the first direction; An electron transport layer and a hole transport layer are disposed between every two light-emitting layers, and the electron transport layer, the insertion layer and the hole transport layer between every two light-emitting layers are stacked sequentially along the first direction; The substrate is disposed on the side of the anode layer away from the cathode layer.

8. The display panel according to claim 7, characterized in that, The display panel further includes multiple hole blocking layers, and a hole blocking layer is disposed between each of the light-emitting layers and the adjacent electron transport layer.

9. The display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The display panel includes a plurality of pixels arranged in an array, each pixel including four sub-pixels of different colors, and the four sub-pixels in a pixel are arranged in two rows and two columns. Specifically, the color setting method of the sub-pixels in the first row of one pixel is the same as the color setting method of the sub-pixels in the second row of the other pixel, and the color setting method of the sub-pixels in the second row of one pixel is the same as the color setting method of the sub-pixels in the first row of the other pixel.

10. The display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The display panel includes a plurality of pixels arranged in an array, each pixel including four sub-pixels of different colors, and the four sub-pixels in a pixel are arranged in two rows and two columns. Specifically, the color setting method of the first column sub-pixels in one pixel is the same as the color setting method of the second column sub-pixels in the other pixel, and the color setting method of the second column sub-pixels in one pixel is the same as the color setting method of the first column sub-pixels in the other pixel.

11. The display panel according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, The four sub-pixels with different colors include red sub-pixels, blue sub-pixels, green sub-pixels, and sky blue sub-pixels.

12. The display panel according to claim 11, characterized in that, Each red sub-pixel includes a first auxiliary layer and a red light-emitting unit stacked along the first direction in each light-emitting layer; each green sub-pixel includes a second auxiliary layer and a green light-emitting unit stacked along the first direction in each light-emitting layer; each blue sub-pixel includes a third auxiliary layer and a blue light-emitting unit stacked along the first direction in each light-emitting layer; and each azure sub-pixel includes an azure light-emitting unit in each light-emitting layer.

13. The display panel according to claim 11, characterized in that, The display panel includes two light-emitting layers; and: Each red sub-pixel includes a first auxiliary layer and a red light-emitting unit stacked along the first direction in the light-emitting layer near the cathode in the two light-emitting layers, and includes a red light-emitting unit in the light-emitting layer near the anode layer in the two light-emitting layers; Each green sub-pixel includes a second auxiliary layer and a red light-emitting unit stacked along the first direction in the light-emitting layer near the cathode in the two light-emitting layers, and includes a red light-emitting unit in the light-emitting layer near the anode layer in the two light-emitting layers; Each blue sub-pixel includes a first auxiliary layer and a blue light-emitting unit stacked along the first direction in the light-emitting layer near the cathode in the two light-emitting layers, and includes a blue light-emitting unit in the light-emitting layer near the anode layer in the two light-emitting layers; Each of the azure subpixels includes an azure emitting unit in each of the emitting layers.

14. The display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The display panel includes a plurality of pixels arranged in an array, each pixel including a red sub-pixel, a blue sub-pixel and one or more green sub-pixels.

15. The display panel according to claim 14, characterized in that, Each red sub-pixel has a red light-emitting unit in each light-emitting layer; each green sub-pixel has a green light-emitting unit in each light-emitting layer; and each blue sub-pixel has a blue light-emitting unit in each light-emitting layer.

16. The display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that, The display panel further includes a cover layer and an encapsulation layer that are sequentially stacked from the cathode along the first direction.

17. The display panel according to claim 14, characterized in that, The display panel further includes a cover layer, an encapsulation layer, a color conversion layer, and a filter layer, which are sequentially stacked from the cathode along the first direction. Each red sub-pixel, each green sub-pixel, and each blue sub-pixel has a blue light-emitting unit in each light-emitting layer. The red sub-pixel includes a red conversion unit in the color conversion layer and a red filter unit in the filter layer. The red conversion unit is used to convert the light emitted by the blue light-emitting unit corresponding to the red sub-pixel into red light for emission. The red filter unit is used to filter the red light emitted by the red conversion unit and then emit red light. The green sub-pixel includes a green transformation unit in the color transformation layer and a green filter unit in the filter layer. The green transformation unit is used to convert the light emitted by the blue light-emitting unit corresponding to the green sub-pixel into green light for emission. The green filter unit is used to filter the green light emitted by the green transformation unit and then emit green light. The blue sub-pixel includes a blue conversion unit in the color conversion layer and a blue filter unit in the filter layer. The blue conversion unit converts the light emitted by the blue light-emitting unit corresponding to the blue sub-pixel into blue light for emission. The blue filter unit filters the blue light emitted by the blue conversion unit before emitting blue light. The blue sub-pixel includes a blue filter unit in the filter layer, and the blue conversion unit is used to filter the light emitted by the blue light-emitting unit corresponding to the blue sub-pixel and then emit blue light.

18. The display panel according to claim 14, characterized in that, The display panel further includes a cover layer, an encapsulation layer, and a filter layer sequentially stacked from the cathode along the first direction. Each red sub-pixel, each green sub-pixel, and each blue sub-pixel emits white light as a whole from the light-emitting units within the plurality of light-emitting layers. The red sub-pixel includes a red filter unit in the filter layer, and the red filter unit is used to filter the white light emitted by the light-emitting unit corresponding to the red sub-pixel and emit red light. The green sub-pixel includes a green filter unit in the filter layer, and the green filter unit is used to filter the white light emitted by the light-emitting unit corresponding to the green sub-pixel and emit green light. The blue sub-pixel includes a blue filter unit in the filter layer, which is used to filter the white light emitted by the light-emitting unit corresponding to the blue sub-pixel and emit blue light.

19. A display screen, characterized in that, Includes the display panel as described in any one of claims 1 to 18.

20. An electronic device, characterized in that, Includes the display screen as described in claim 19.

Images