A model vehicle

Abstract

Disclosed herein is a model vehicle assembly comprising a plurality of 3D printed chassis subframe parts, which couple together to form a vehicle chassis. The chassis comprises at least one front subframe chassis part providing a functional steering assembly to engage with one or more functional rotatable axles and steer a set of front wheels of the vehicle, at least one rear subframe chassis part providing one or more functional rotatable axles to engage with a rear wheel set, the chassis subframe parts each being further adapted and configured to engage with and support one or more 3D printed body panels; the 3D printed chassis subframe parts being printed from a material different to the 3D printed body panels; and wherein in use, the assembly of the 3D printed chassis subframe parts, 3D printed body panels and wheels provide a steerable and moveable 3D printed modular vehicle.

Description

A model vehicleTechnical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of 3D printing and model vehicles.Background

[0002] The present invention relates to a model vehicle which is assembled by the user.

[0003] Typical ly, such items are manufactured by injection moulding. This requires multiple or individual moulds for each assemblable component to be prepared, which can be costly for small, limited run items, such as customisable vehicles.

[0004] The model vehicle is 3D printed and components are integrally formed by printing-in-place. This provides an advantage over more traditional injection moulding methods of not requiring multiple and individual moulds for each assemblable component.

[0005] Additionally, such production methods make it quite difficult to customise the model vehicle, for example with personalisation details, such as addition of messages, names, dates, branding, stylisation of particular features and colours.

[0006] There remains a need for the provision of unique vehicles for hobbyists to assemble for specially tailored vehicles.

[0007] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a customisable model vehicle for hobbyists, or to at least provide the public with a useful choice.Statements of Invention

[0008] In one example, the invention provides for a 3D printed modular vehicle assembly comprising: a plurality of 3D printed chassis subframe parts, which in use, couple together to form a vehicle chassis, the vehicle chassis comprising: at least one front subframe chassis part providing a functional steering assembly to engage with one or more functional rotatable axles and steer a set of front wheels of the vehicle;at least one rear subframe chassis part providing one or more functional rotatable axles to engage with a rear wheel set; the chassis subframe parts each being further adapted and configured to engage with and support one or more 3D printed body panels; the 3D printed chassis subframe parts being printed from a material different to the 3D printed body panels; wherein in use, the assembly of the 3D printed chassis subframe parts, 3D printed body panels and wheels provides a steerable and moveable 3D printed modular vehicle.

[0009] In one example, the at least one front subframe chassis part comprises: a front subframe base for supporting a right front half-axle, a left front half axle, a first partition extending upwardly from and across the front subframe base in a left to right direction, and a second partition parallel to the first partition, wherein the second partition extends upwardly from the front subframe base and is proximate to a frontward extension and the frontward extension is positioned at a front end of the front subframe chassis part; a functional steering assembly comprising a rotatable steering column and a first gear wheel, wherein the rotatable steering column and the first gear wheel are mounted on the first partition, and the first gear wheel is engaged with a second gear wheel in a parallel axis gear arrangement and positioned between the first partition and the second partition, and the second gear wheel is further engaged with a gear rack, the gear rack having two ends and each end being pivotally supported to a left front half axle and a right front half axle, and wherein rotation of the steering column drives the steering assembly and moves the left front half axle and right front half axle in a lateral direction; a front subframe rear wall which extends upwards from the front subframe base and is configured with a plurality of connecting orifices for receipt of a complementary connecting member for complementary engagement with one chassis part.

[0010] In one example, the rear subframe chassis part comprises: a gear assembly frame supporting a rear gear assembly and a rear axle, wherein the rear gear assembly comprises: a third gear wheel configured on the rear axle to abut the gear assembly frame and engage substantially perpendicularly with a fourth gear wheel to provide an intersecting axes gear configuration; the fourth gear wheel being configured parallelly with a fifth gear wheel by a commonly shared shaft which is housed within the rear gear assembly frame;the fifth gear wheel is further configured to engage with a sixth gear wheel in a parallel axis gear configuration, and sixth gear wheel is supported by a rear frame positioned a rear end of the rear subframe chassis part; and a plurality of forward facing connecting orifices are provided for receiving a complementary connecting member for complementary engagement with at least one chassis subframe part; rotation of the rear axle within the gear assembly frame drives movement through the rear gear assembly to rotate the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth gear wheels; at least one upper frame, which is supported by and extends upwardly from the gear assembly frame, the upper frame comprises: wheel arches (i.e. left wheel arch, a right wheel arch) that positioned on left and right hand sides of the rear subframe chassis part; a plurality of forward facing connecting orifices are provided for receiving a complementary connecting member for complementary engagement with one chassis part; and the rear frame of the rear subframe chassis part is connected substantially perpendicularly to the upper frame of the rear subframe chassis part and connected substantially perpendicularly to gear assembly frame, and the rear frame of the rear subframe chassis part extends laterally between left to right on the rear of the rear subframe chassis part.

[0011] In one example, the plurality of 3D printed chassis parts further comprise a central subframe chassis part for coupling between the front subframe chassis part and the rear subframe chassis part, the central subframe chassis part comprising: a central subframe base, a central subframe front wall supported on and extending substantially perpendicularly upwards from a foremost end of the central subframe base, and the central subframe front wall comprising: i. a plurality of connecting orifices suitable for receipt of a complementary connecting member for complementary engagement with the front subframe chassis part; and ii. protrusions provided on the central subframe front wall which extend outwardly sideward from the central subframe front wall, and are suitable for formation of a hinge mechanism with a complementary protrusion which is provided on a door of the assemblable vehicle; a central subframe rear wall is provided which is supported on and extends substantially perpendicularly upwards from a rear end of the central subframe base, and wherein the central subframe rear wall comprises a plurality of connecting orifices suitable for receipt of acomplementary connecting member for complementary engagement with the rear subframe chassis part.

[0012] In one example, the functional steering assembly is integrally formed (printed-in-place) with the front subframe chassis part.

[0013] In one example, the rear wall of the front subframe chassis part comprises a first step which projects upwards and rearwards from a rear portion of the front subframe base such that the rear wall of front subframe abuts the front wall of the central subframe chassis part, more specifically, the central subframe front wall.

[0014] In one example, the front subframe rear wall is configured with a plurality of connecting orifices for receiving a first end of the complementary connecting member, and coupling with the front of central subframe chassis part, more specifically, the central subframe front wall.

[0015] In one example, the front subframe rear wall further comprises a second step which projects upwards and rearwards from the first step, to couple the rear wall of front subframe part with the front of the central subframe chassis part, more specifically, the central subframe front wall.

[0016] In one example, a cavity is provided between the first partition, the rear wall of the front subframe chassis part, and the central subframe front wall when the front subframe chassis part and the central subframe chassis part are assembled.

[0017] In one example, the frontward extension that is positioned at a front end of the front subframe chassis part provides a plurality of connecting orifices for receiving a complementary connecting member.

[0018] In one example, the frontward extension is used to assemble one or more 3D printed body panels to the front subframe chassis part.

[0019] In one example, the one or more printed body panels assembled to the frontward extension on the front subframe chassis part are preferably selected from a front bumper, and two front wings.

[0020] In one example, the rotatable steering column is rotatable in a clockwise direction and a counter-clockwise direction.

[0021] In one example the functional steering assembly is configured to provide for a right-hand drive vehicle.

[0022] In another example, the functional steering assembly is configured to provide for a lefthand drive vehicle.

[0023] In one example, the steering column is configured with a spacer, the spacer being configured between the second partition and one or more projections that are configured on top of the front subframe rear wall and where the projections extend substantially upwards and outwards from the front subframe rear wall. Preferably, the spacer is provided for limiting longitudinal movement of steering column between the projection and the first partition. Preferably, the spacer is integrally formed with the steering column.

[0024] In one example, the steering column may further comprise a steering wheel. The steering wheel may be integrally formed (printed in place) with the central subframe chassis part.Alternatively, the steering wheel may be 3D printed separately for assembly by a user.

[0025] In one example, the central subframe front wall couples with the front subframe chassis part. Preferably, the central subframe front wall comprises: a first step having a forward face and a top face, and the first step protruding forward from the central subframe base; and a second step having a forward face and a top face, and the second step protruding forward from the central subframe front wall, the second step being configured on top of and set back from the first step top face.

[0026] In one example, the front wall of the central subframe part is configured with protrusions that extend sidewardly outwards from the central subframe front wall. In one example, the protrusions that extend sidewardly outwards from the central subframe front wall and provide a hinge when engaged with complementary protrusions on a door.

[0027] In one example, the protrusions that extend sidewardly outwards from the central subframe front wall and are integrally formed (printed-in-place) with the central subframe part.

[0028] In one example, a hinge is integrated with the central subframe front wall and extends upwards from the central subframe front wall to provide a pivot means for a bonnet support frame and a corresponding bonnet, when assembled.

[0029] In one example, the hinge integrated on the top of the central subframe front wall is further configured with a lever, and when in use facilitates pivotable movement of the bonnet support frame.

[0030] In one example, the hinge, the lever, and the bonnet support frame are integrally formed with the central subframe front wall.

[0031] In one example, the bonnet support frame comprises two legs connected to each other at one end by a support frame cross member. The support frame cross member may further comprise a plurality of connecting orifices for engagement with a complementary connecting member and the bonnet, when assembled. The bonnet support frame and the hinge are integrally formed with the central subframe front wall.

[0032] In one example, the bonnet support frame is pivotable around the hinge from a first position to a second position to raise and the lower the bonnet support frame. In another example, the bonnet support frame is pivotable around the hinge from the second position to the first position to raise and lower the bonnet support frame. The pivotable movement facilitates opening and closing of the bonnet of the vehicle, when assembled.

[0033] In one example, the central subframe rear wall is further configured with a step protruding outwards from an upper portion of the central subframe rear wall to abut (couple) the central subframe rear wall with the front of the rear subframe chassis part.

[0034] In one example, the support frame cross member further comprises a recess for engagement with a resilient securing means. Preferably the resilient securing means is integrally formed with the central subframe chassis part. Yet more preferably, the resilient securing means is configured on top of the second step of the central subframe front wall.

[0035] In one example, the resilient securing means is configured at an angle of between 0° and 15° relative to the top face of the second step, on the central subframe front wall.

[0036] In one example, the resilient securing means comprises a plurality of resilient flanges for seating in the recess when engaged with the support frame cross member. Preferably, the resilient securing means comprises a snap-fit joint.

[0037] In one example, the resilient securing means is integrally formed (printed-in-place) with the central subframe chassis.

[0038] In one example, the base of the central subframe part is configured with an orifice for receipt of a gear stick.

[0039] In one example, the central subframe base is configured with connecting orifices on a sideward face for complementary engagement with a plurality of connecting members and one or more running boards.

[0040] In one example, the central subframe base is configured with branding or personalisation on an undermost side. Preferably, the personalisation or branding is printed-in-place.

[0041] In one example, the central subframe rear wall further comprises a rearwardly protruding step configured to abut (couple with) the rear subframe chassis part, when assembled.

[0042] In one example, the central subframe rear wall comprises connecting orifices for receipt of a complementary connecting member to enable coupling with the rear subframe chassis part.

[0043] In one example, the gear assembly frame provided within the rear subframe chassis part is integrally formed within the rear subframe chassis part. Preferably, the rear subframe chassis part is configured with a first step protruding forward from the gear assembly frame for engagement with the rear of central subframe chassis part, specifically the rear wall of central subframe chassis part.

[0044] In one example, the rear axle is integrally formed (printed-in-place) within the gear assembly frame.

[0045] In one example, the rear axle is rotatable in a clockwise direction. In an alternative example, the rear axle is rotatable in a counter-clockwise direction. Preferably, the rear axle is rotatable in clockwise and counter-clockwise directions.

[0046] In one example, the rear axle is configured with a plurality of washers for limiting lateral movement of the rear axle within the gear assembly frame. Preferably, the washers are integrally formed (printed-in-place) with the rear axle. The plurality of integrally formed (printed-in-place) washers on the rear axle may comprise a first washer positioned opposite to the third gear wheel, within and configured to abut against the rear gear assembly frame, thereby limiting lateral movement of the axle.

[0047] The plurality of washers configured on the rear axle may further comprise two integrally formed (printed-in-place) second washers configured at outer ends of the rear axle for abutment with wheels, when assembled.

[0048] In one example, the upper frame on the rear subframe chassis part is configured to provide a second step on the front of the rear subframe chassis, where the step is supported on top of, and set back from the first step which protrudes in a forward direction from the gear assembly frame. The second step may comprise a top face and a partially surrounding wall, the partially surrounding wall being perpendicular to the top surface and surrounding two sides and rear of the top surface. The partially surrounding wall may be further configured with a plurality of connecting orifices for complementary assembly with a roof portion of the assemblable vehicle.

[0049] In one example, the upper frame of the rear subframe chassis part may be configured with a pivotally mounted spoiler support frame. The pivotally mounted spoiler support frame may be integrally formed (printed-in-place) on the upper frame of the rear subframe chassis part. The spoiler support frame may be pivotally mounted on the upper frame of the rear subframe chassis part by a hinge which provides a pivoting means.

[0050] In one example, the hinge pivotally mounts the spoiler support frame and may comprise a (printed-in-place) washer. The washer may limit lateral movement of the hinge and spoiler support frame within the support frame of the rear subframe chassis part.

[0051] In one example, the spoiler support frame is pivotable from a first position to a second position and from the second position to the first position.

[0052] In one example, the spoiler support frame is further configured with a resilient support frame securing means, the resilient support frame securing means may be configured upwardly on the rear frame of the rear subframe chassis part to engage with spoiler support frame, when spoiler support frame is seated in the first position.

[0053] In one example, the spoiler support frame may comprise a plurality of orifices for complementary engagement with a spoiler, when assembled.

[0054] In one example, the rear frame of the rear subframe chassis part is optionally configured with further vehicle features. For example, further vehicle features could include a vehicle exhaust assembly. Preferably, the vehicle features are integrally formed (printed-in-place) with the rear subframe chassis part.

[0055] In one example, the vehicle exhaust assembly is integrally formed (printed-in-place) with the rear subframe chassis part and the vehicle exhaust assembly comprises: a fan connected to a fan shaft which is positioned within an exhaust housing on the rear frame of the rear subframe chassis part. The fan shaft provides a connection means of the fan to the rear gear assembly. More specifically the fan shaft connects the fan to the sixth gear wheel of the rear gear assembly, and rotation of the rear axle drives movement through the rear gear assembly to rotate the fan, which is supported on the rear frame of the rear subframe chassis part.

[0056] In one example, the plurality of chassis subframe parts further comprise a plurality of channels for release of loose 3D printing material. The channels may also find use in reducing the volume of material used to 3D print the assemblable vehicle.

[0057] In one example, each half axle wheel shaft of the front subframe is 3D printed at an angle of about 8° relative to a horizontal plane.

[0058] In one example, 3D printing provides sufficient tolerance between movable components to allow smooth movement of the movable components.

[0059] In one example, the tolerance is about 0.1-0.5 mm. Most preferably, the tolerance is about0.2 mm.

[0060] In one example, the chassis parts are printed using isotropic materials. Preferably, the isotropic material is nylon. In another example, the isotropic materials may further comprise a binding agent.

[0061] In one example, the 3D printed body panels are printed using materials comprising photosensitive epoxy resin.

[0062] In one example, the chassis parts and body panels are each independently customisable to produce a customised 3D printed modular vehicle assembly. Preferably, the customisation comprises 3D printing.

[0063] In some examples, customisation may comprise: i) colours; ii) personalised messages for example, happy birthday messages, a person's name, retirement messages, age; iii) branding, logos, company name, trade marks; iv) slogans; v) instructions for assembly; vi) braille for the visually impaired.

[0064] In another example, the present invention also provides for a kit of parts for a 3D printed modular vehicle assembly comprising: a plurality of 3D printed chassis subframe parts comprising: i) at least one front subframe chassis part providing a functional steering assembly to engage with one or more functional rotatable axles and steer a set of front wheels of the vehicle; ii) at least one rear subframe chassis part providing one or more functional rotatable axles to engage with a rear wheel set, the chassis subframe parts each being further adapted and configured to engage with and support one or more 3D printed body panels;the 3D printed chassis subframe parts being printed from a material different to the 3D printed body panels; and where assembly of the 3D printed chassis subframe parts, 3D printed body panels and wheels, provides a steerable and moveable 3D printed modular vehicle.

[0065] In one example, the kit of parts for a 3D printed modular vehicle assembly, comprises the 3D printed modular vehicle assembly described herein. Preferably, the kit of parts for a 3D printed modular vehicle assembly comprises the front subframe chassis part and the rear subframe chassis part. More preferably the kit of parts for a 3D printed modular vehicle assembly comprises a front subframe chassis part an intermediate central subframe chassis part and the rear subframe chassis part.

[0066] In one example, the kit of parts for a 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according may comprise a plurality of connecting members. The connecting members may comprise pin-type connector or magnetic connectors.

[0067] In one example, the kit of parts for a 3D printed modular vehicle assembly may comprise a gift box.

[0068] In one example, the kit of parts for a 3D printed modular vehicle assembly may be provided in a laser cut foam insert.

[0069] In one example, the kit of parts for a 3D printed modular vehicle assembly may further comprise instructions for assembly of the 3D printed modular vehicle.

[0070] In one example, the kit of parts for a 3D printed modular vehicle assembly, the plurality of 3D chassis subframe parts are presented in a first half side of the laser cut foam insert, and the 3D printed body panels are presented in a second half side of the laser cut foam insert.Brief description of the Figures

[0071] Figure 1 shows a front perspective view of a model vehicle assembly of vehicle body parts assembled about a three-part chassis (not shown).

[0072] Figure 2A shows a front perspective view of an exploded view of the assemblable three- part chassis 3 comprising a front subframe chassis part 100, a central subframe chassis part 200 and a rear subframe chassis part 300.

[0073] Figure 2B shows a front perspective view of an assembled chassis and the position of the wheels relative to the chassis.

[0074] Figure 3 shows a front perspective view of front subframe chassis part 100.

[0075] Figure 4 shows a bottom view of front subframe part chassis 100.

[0076] Figure 5 shows a top view of front subframe part chassis 100.

[0077] Figure 6 shows a left side view of front subframe part chassis 100.

[0078] Figure 7 shows a rear view of front subframe part chassis 100.

[0079] Figure 8 shows a series of perspective views showing the working arrangement of components supported by front subframe chassis part 100 when the steering column 130 is rotated in left and right directions.

[0080] Figure 9 shows an exploded view of the steering assembly 102 supported by front subframe chassis part 100.

[0081] Figure 10A shows front view of front subframe chassis part 100. B shows side view of front subframe chassis part 100. C shows rear view of front subframe chassis part 100. D shows top view of front subframe chassis part 100.

[0082] Figure 11 shows a front perspective view of the chassis central subframe part 200.

[0083] Figure 12 shows a side view of the chassis central subframe part 200.

[0084] Figure 13 shows top view of chassis central subframe part 200.

[0085] Figure 14A shows a rear perspective view of chassis central subframe part 200.

[0086] Figure 14B, A shows a bottom view of chassis central subframe part 200, absent any customisation. B shows a bottom view of chassis central subframe part 200, and an example of customisation.

[0087] Figure 15A shows front view of central subframe chassis part 200. B shows side view of central subframe chassis part 200 the central part supporting a gear shift stick. C shows rear view of central subframe chassis part 200. D shows top view of central subframe chassis part 200 the central part supporting a gear shift stick.

[0088] Figure 16 shows a front perspective view of rear subframe chassis part 300.

[0089] Figure 17 shows a rear perspective view of rear subframe chassis part 300.

[0090] Figure 18 shows a top view of rear subframe chassis part 300.

[0091] Figure 19shows a bottom view of rear subframe chassis part 300.

[0092] Figure 20 shows an exploded front perspective view of the assembly of body panels and three-part chassis 3 of the model vehicle.

[0093] Figure 21shows a front perspective view of an assembly of the three-part chassis and wheels 1, and an exploded view of vehicle body parts front 4 and rear bumper 34, front and rear wings 12, running board 14 and connecting members 16; relative to the chassis assembly.

[0094] Figure 22 shows a front perspective view of the assembly of parts shown in Figure 21 to provide a partially assembled vehicle and an exploded view showing the vehicle body parts: doors 20 and corresponding door protrusions 222 and resilient door clip 24, bonnet 8, bumper 4, headlights 30, spoiler 38 and connecting members 16 relative to the partially assembled vehicle connecting members.

[0095] Figure 23 shows a front perspective view of the assembly of parts shown in Figure 22 to provide a partially assembled vehicle and an exploded view showing the vehicle roof part 26 and connecting members 16 relative to the partially assembled vehicle.

[0096] Figure 24 shows a front perspective view of an assembly of the three-part chassis and wheels 2, and an exploded view of vehicle body parts front 4 and rear bumper 34, front and rear wings 12, running board 14 and connecting members 16 where the connecting members are magnets 17.

[0097] Figure 25 shows a perspective view of a kit of parts with the pieces to assembly the model vehicle, including the chassis parts, wheels and seats as shown on the left-hand side and the body panels on the right hand side of the kit.

[0098] Figure 26 shows a plan view of an alternative kit of parts with the pieces to assembly the model vehicle, including the chassis parts, wheels and seats as shown on the left-hand side and the body panels on the right hand side of the kit.Definitions

[0099] Any discussion of the prior art throughout the specification should in no way be considered as an admission that such prior art is widely known or forms part of the common general knowledge in the field.[000100] As used throughout the specification and appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.[000101] As used herein, the term "about" is intended to mean a reasonable amount of deviation of the modified term such that the end result is not significantly changed. For example, when applied to a value, the term should be construed as including a deviation of ± 10% of the value.[000102] Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words "comprise", "comprising" and the like, are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense, that is to say, in the sense of "including, but not limited to".[000103] The term "consisting essentially of" as used herein means the specified features and those features that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the claimed invention.[000104] The term "left" as used herein refers to the left-hand side of the vehicle, left being relative to the vehicle when it would move in a forward direction.[000105] The term "right" as used herein refers to the right-hand side of the vehicle, right being relative to the vehicle when it would move in a forward direction.[000106] The term "forward", "forwardly", "forward facing", "front" and the like and as used herein, refers to the frontmost end of the vehicle, when it would move in a forward direction.[000107] The term "rear", "rear facing", "back", "backwards" and the like and as used herein refers to the rearmost end of the vehicle, when it would move in a forward direction.[000108] The term "printed in place" as used herein and in the context of 3D printing refers to a technique where the front subframe chassis, central subframe chassis and rear subframe chassis parts are fabricated directly onto the build platform without the need for assembly or postprocessing. Essentially, the chassis part, including any moving or interlocking parts, is printed as a single unit.[000109] The term "outside" and "outwardly" in relation to the chassis parts typically refers to an external surface of the chassis part. It represents the part of the object that is visible or accessible from its exterior.[000110] Where in the description, reference has been made to integers having known equivalents thereof, those equivalents are herein incorporated as if individually set forth. Although the invention has been described in connection with specific preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention as claimed should not be unduly limited to such specific embodiments.[000111] Further aspects of the invention will become apparent with reference to the accompanying Figures and the following description, which is provided by way of non-limiting example. It is appreciated that further modifications may be made to the invention as described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.Detailed description[000112] Referring to Figure 1 an example of a customisable vehicle assembly 1 is shown in an assembled configuration. The vehicle assembly 1 comprising vehicle body parts such as but not limited to four wheels 2 (two not shown), two or more doors 20, two or more side running boards 14 (left side and right side, right side not shown), a bonnet 8, a front bumper 4 (comprising license plate, front bumper spoiler 6, headlights 30), two front wings 12 (left side and right side), two rear wings 28 (left side and right side, right side not shown) and roof component 26 supported by a three- part chassis 3 (Figure 2A). In some examples, the front bumper spoiler 6, may be provided as a separate body part suitable for assembly to the front bumper 4, or may be integral to the front bumper 4.[000113] The assemblable three-part chassis 3 around which the vehicle body parts are supported is shown in Figures 2A, 2B, 20, 21, 22, and 23. The three-part chassis 3 has a front subframe chassis part 100, a central subframe chassis part 200 and a rear subframe chassis part 300 which may be connected together by a plurality of connecting members 16 and complementary shaped orifices, each orifice configured and shaped to receive and secure a single connecting member 16. The plurality of connecting members 16 for connecting together (coupling) the front subframe chassis part 100, the central subframe chassis part 200 and the rear subframe chassis part 300 may be the same connecting members 16 used to connect one or more vehicle body panels to the three-part chassis 3.[000114] Each connecting member 16 is configured to be received in a complementary shaped connecting orifice, with the connecting orifices located throughout the chassis parts or vehicle parts as described above. Each connecting member 16 is preferably of an elongate cylindrical shapehaving a first end and a second end. The connecting member 16 may further include a centrally positioned flange 15 wider in diameter than the diameter of the corresponding orifice, the centrally positioned flange 15 being positioned substantially centrally around the connecting member 16 (see at least Figures 2A, 21, and for example pin-type connectors used with interlocking brick construction toys). The flange 15 is also sufficient in diameter to ensure the movement of the connecting member 16 into a corresponding orifice is limited by the flange 15. The connecting members 16 may be further configured to comprise a further flange 18, at each end of the connecting member 16, each flange 18 having a lesser diameter than the centrally located flange 15. The connecting member 16 and flange 18 are configured so that flange 18 may, with a push fit, pass into the corresponding orifice. The flange 18 helps to engage the connecting members 16 in the orifice so a positive force has to be applied to extract the connecting member 16 from its corresponding orifice. The connecting member 16 may be made from a resilient plastic material that allows for some resilience within the connecting member 16. In some examples, such as that shown in Figure 24, each connecting member 16 may be provided as magnet assembly 17, such that each magnet assembly 17 comprises two magnets for receipt into the complementary shaped orifices. Each magnet assembly may be arranged such that a north pole (N) of one magnet will be attracted to a south pole (S) of the other magnet of the assembly. And, when received in the complementary shaped orifices are attracted to each other by magnetic fields, thereby connecting chassis or vehicle parts together, when in use. Any magnets will be suitable provided that the magnet is of a shape that complementary to the orifice. It will be appreciated that a plurality of connecting orifices may be located on the vehicle body parts and the chassis parts to allow the connection and assembly of vehicle parts.[000115] Figure 2B shows an assembled chassis 3 and shows the wheels removed from the chassis 3. The wheels 2 are connected to rotatable axles that extend from front 100 and rear 300 subframe chassis parts. The end of each axle that extends from the chassis parts are configured in shape to engage by way of a push fit onto its respective wheel. Each axle end may include a flange (see for example 117 in Figure 9 and 317 in Figure 16) to limit the extent to which each wheel 2 may be pushed onto its respective axle. The cross section of the axle is preferably shaped to engage into a complementary orifice on each wheel 2. The cross section of each axle should be shaped such that rotation of each axle rotates the wheel in a forward or rearward direction. In one example, the cross section of each axle is "x",shaped as shown in Figures 3 and 6 (see full front axle 107) and Figure 16 (see rear axle 319). However, suitable arrangements would be readily apparent to a person of skill in the art.[000116] Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 , 8 and 9 show front subframe chassis part 100 supporting a right front half-axle 104, a left front half axle 106, a functional steering assembly 102, a rotatable steering column 130, a plurality of connecting orifices 116, 118, 160, 136, 138, and a cavity 150 (for receiving support frame cross member 214 of a bonnet support frame 261 when bonnet 8 is in a closed position); the connecting orifices 116, 118, 160, 136, 138 being shaped and configured to each receive complementary connecting members 16. Preferably cavity 150 is configured between the first partition 152 and the front subframe rear wall 144 of the front subframe chassis part 100, and the front of central subframe part 200, specifically the central subframe front wall.[000117] Referring to Figures 3, 4, 8 and 9 front subframe chassis part 100 is further shaped by printing in place to provide a front subframe base 103, a first partition 152 and a substantially parallel second partition 154, extending upwardly from front subframe base 103 and proximate to a frontward extension 105. The first partition 152 extending upwardly from and across the base in a left to right direction and supporting a steering column 130, a first gear wheel 126 that drives the functional steering assembly 102, and a second gear wheel 128 (see Figure 8). The second partition 154 also extends upwardly from the front subframe base 103 proximate the front end of the front subframe chassis part 100. The second partition 154 being spaced apart from, and substantially parallel to the first partition 152. First partition 152 and second partition 154 provide support for second gear wheel 128 and the functional steering assembly 102, which are mounted above the front subframe base 103, and between the first 152 and second 154 partitions, and extend upwardly from the front subframe base 103, and are printed in place.[000118] With reference to Figures 3 and 8, printed in place functional steering assembly 102 is mounted between the first 152 and the second partitions 154. The functional steering assembly 102 comprises a rotatable steering column 130 that engages directly with the first gear wheel 126, the second gear wheel 128, and the gear rack 134, the gear rack 134 being pivotally engaged at each end with front half axles 104 and 106, and half axles being pivotally engaged (112 and 114) between the front subframe base 103 and supporting pivot connections 114 extending from the first partition 152. The steering column 130 being rotatable in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction, such that rotation of steering column 130 drives movement through the functional steering assembly 102 to pivot front half axles 104 and 106 laterally: the rotation of which and can be seen in Figure 8.[000119] It will be further appreciated that the functional steering assembly 102 is mounted by the first partition 152 and the second partition 154. First partition 152 comprises a plurality of orifices: two outer orifices 110 and two inner orifices 132 for support of the functional steering assembly 102 (Figure 3). The outer orifices 110 are configured to receive the steering column 130 engaged with first gear wheel 126 and provides for left-hand or right-hand steering of the vehicle as desired. Similarly, second partition 154 comprises two orifices 122 for support of second gear wheel 128. It will be appreciated that while the first partition 152 comprises two outer orifices 110 and two inner orifices 132 for support of the functional steering assembly 102, only one outer orifice 110 and one inner orifice 132 on the first partition 152 will be used to support the functional steering assembly 102 at any one time. It will also be appreciated that in some examples, one outer orifice 110 and one inner orifice 132 may be provided instead of two of each. In a similar manner, only one orifice 122 at a time on second partition 154 will be used to support the functional steering assembly 102 (specifically the second gear wheel 158).[000120] Referring to figures 3, 8 and 9 showing the front subframe chassis part 100 and functional steering assembly 102, the first gear wheel 126 engages to the steering column 130 which is printed in place and passes through orifice 110 in the first partition 152 and orifice 158 in projection 156 (see Figure 3 and 5). Projection 156 being configured on top of the front subframe rear wall 144; the front subframe rear wall 144 extending substantially upwardly (i.e. vertically) from front subframe base 103. The projection 156 extends in a sidewardly direction from the front subframe rear wall 144 of the front subframe chassis part 100. Steering column 130 is further configured with a printed- in-place spacer 148 to limit longitudinal movement of steering column 130 (Figure 5). Steering column 130 is further configured to provide an engagement member 146 suitable for providing rotational resistance when engaging with a steering wheel 147 (see Figure 8 for example). For example, engagement member 146 may be configured as "x", "+",type configuration.Suitable configurations for engagement and providing rotational resistance of the engagement member 146 with the steering wheel 147 would be readily apparent and understood by a person of skill in the art.[000121] Turning to the second gear wheel 128 as shown in Figures 3, 5, 8 and 9, the second gear wheel 128 is supported between the first partition 152 and the second partition 154 by way of orifice 132 on the first partition 152 and orifice 122 in the second partition 154. It will be appreciated that while second partition 154 as shown in Figures 3, 8, 9 10 comprises two orifices 122, only one can be occupied by the second gear wheel 128 at a time. It will also be appreciated that the partitions 152,154, can be configured and printed with only one orifice to provide right or left-hand drive vehicle configuration as desired.[000122] Second gear wheel 128 is further configured to have a depth suitable for engagement with gear rack 134 and first gear wheel 126. As such, the second gear wheel 128 engages simultaneously with the first gear wheel 126 and the gear rack 134. That is that the first gear wheel 126 and the second gear wheel 128 are engaged to form a parallel axis gear, while the second gear wheel 128 and the gear rack 134 are engaged to form a subsequent parallel axis gear. In addition to the gear rack 134 being configured for engagement with the second gear wheel 128, the gear rack 134 is configured to laterally pivot with right front half-axle 104 and a left front half axle 106 and provides a front axle assembly 107, which subsequently engages with functional steering assembly 102, the details of which are shown in Figures 8 and 9.[000123] Each printed in place half axle 104 and 106 supports a half axle wheel shaft 108, and each half axle is engaged with the front subframe base 103, functional steering assembly 102, front axle pivot means 112 and 114 (Figure 3 and Figure 4) to provide for movement of full front axle 107 in a lateral direction from left to right or right to left depending on the rotation of the steering column 130 as shown in Figure 8. Each half axle wheel shaft which further comprises printed in place washer 142 to limit any lateral movement within the half axle.[000124] That is, rotation of steering column 130 in a clockwise or anti-clockwise direction by about up to 180° through orifice 110 rotates first gear wheel 126, which in turn rotates second gear wheel 128 in orifices 132 and 122. Second gear wheel 128 in turn, engages with gear rack 134 which is pivotally engaged via pivot means 112 to rotate the full front axle 107 and provide about 45° lateral directional movement in the full front axle 107 as shown in Figure 8.[000125] First gear wheel 126 may be configured in a parallel gear configuration with second gear wheel 128, for example in a spur gear configuration, while second gear wheel 128 may be further configured in a parallel axis gear configuration with gear rack 134 as shown in at least Figures 3, 5 and 8. This is best illustrated in Figure 8.[000126] A front portion of the front subframe chassis part 100 is further configured to provide a frontward extension 105 that extends frontwards from the front subframe base 103 and provides a plurality of frontward, side-by side connecting orifices 116, and sideward facing connecting orifices118, with which connecting members 16 engage (Figures 3 and 5). These frontward facing connecting orifices 116 allow connection points for a front bumper 4 (see at least Figure 1), and front wings 12 (left and right side), to the subframe 100 (see for example, Figures 20 and 21). For example, the front bumper 4 is connected to the front of subframe 100 (specifically the frontward extension 105) using connecting orifices 116 and corresponding connecting members 16, while front wings 12 (left and right side) are connected to sides of front subframe chassis part 100 via connecting orifice 118 (see Figure 2A) and corresponding connecting members 16 (see for example Figures 20 and 21).[000127] Front subframe chassis part 100 further comprises a front subframe rear wall 144 which extends substantially upwardly (i.e. vertically) from front subframe base 103 and having a step configuration. The step configuration of front subframe rear wall 144 comprises a first step 143 which projects upwards and outwards from the rear end 141 of front subframe base 103, a second step 145 which projects upwards and outwards from first step 143 as illustrated in Figure 6.[000128] Referring now to Figures 6 and 7, the rear end 141 of the front subframe base 103 and the first step 143, each comprise a plurality of connecting orifices 136 and 138, respectively, for receiving connecting members 16, and complementarily connecting (interlocking) front subframe chassis part 100 to central subframe chassis part 200. Each connecting orifice 136 and 138 may each further comprise a lip 135 for abutment with centrally positioned flange 15 on connecting member 16, when the connecting member engages 16 complementarily with central subframe chassis part 200.[000129] While two orifices 136 are shown on rear end 141 of front subframe base 103, it will be appreciated that this can also be configured to have 1, 2, 3 or 4 orifices 136 for receiving 1, 2, 3, or 4 connecting members 16.[000130] Referring to Figure 7, the front subframe rear wall 144 of front subframe chassis part 100 further comprises a plurality of connecting orifices 138 which can also be used to couple the front subframe chassis part 100 to central subframe chassis part 200 (see Figure 7) in a complementary fashion. The plurality of connecting orifices 136, 138 may each further comprise lip 135. The lip 135 in each connecting orifice abuts against flange 15 of the connecting members 16, when the connecting members 16 are received into its complementary connecting orifice. Lip 135 can be seen in various connecting orifices throughout the Figures.[000131] Figures 2A and 11-15 show the central subframe chassis part 200 according one example of the present invention.[000132] Central subframe chassis part 200, which is printed in place, comprises a central subframe base 202, a central subframe front wall 204, and a central subframe rear wall 206, the central subframe front wall 204 and central subframe rear wall 206 also printed in place and extending substantially perpendicularly upwards from ends of central subframe base 202, and the central subframe rear wall 206 being lower in height than the central subframe front wall 204.[000133] The central subframe front wall 204 further comprises a first step 216 protruding forward from the central subframe base 202, a second step 218 protruding from the central subframe front wall 204, the second step 218 configured on top of, and set back from, the first step 216 (and having about 50% depth compared to first step 216). The central subframe front wall 204 being further configured on top with a hinge mechanism 208 for providing movement of the bonnet support frame, and the bonnet 8, when the bonnet is assembled.[000134] As shown in Figure 11 and 15A, first step 216 comprises a plurality of side-by-side connecting orifices 220 for receiving a plurality of complementary connecting members 16 which engage complementarily with orifices 136 on first step 143 of rear wall 144 subframe 100.[000135] While Figure 11 shows two side-by-side connecting orifices 220, it will be appreciated that the first step 216 could comprise 1, 2, 3 or 4 side-by side connecting orifices 220 for receiving 1, 2, 3, or 4 complementary connecting members 16, and provided that the number of connecting orifices 220 and connecting members aligns and is complementary to connecting orifices 136 configured on the rear 141 of front subframe base 103. This provides for central subframe front wall 204, steps 216 and 218 to abut (couple) with the rear end 141 of the front subframe base 103, the first step 143, and the second step 145, when chassis subframe parts 100 and 200 are assembled as shown in Figures 2A and 2B.[000136] As shown in Figure 11 and Figure 15A, it will also be appreciated that the second step 218 further comprises a plurality of connecting orifices 226 also arranged in a side-by side manner. It will further be appreciated that the second step 218 could comprise 1, 2, 3 or 4 connecting orifices 226 for receiving 1, 2, 3, or 4 connecting members 16, provided that the number of connecting orifices 226 aligns, and is complementary to, the number of connecting orifices 138 configured on the rearwall 144 of subframe 100 (See Figure 2A). When chassis subframe parts 100 and 200 are assembled, the first step 216 abuts with the rear end 141 of front subframe base 103, the second step 218 of the central subframe front wall 204 abuts with first step 143 and front wall 204 abuts against second step 145 and projection 156.[000137] Central subframe front wall 204 is further configured with protrusions 222 suitable for formation of a hinge when the protrusions 222 are engaged with complementary protrusions 22 on door 20, the protrusions 222 extending sidewardly outward from left hand side and right-hand side of the central subframe front wall 204 (see Figures 11, 12, 14A, and 20).[000138] In one example as shown in Figures 12 and 15B, the hinge 208 configured on the top of the central subframe front wall 204, support frame cross member 214 (of bonnet support frame 261), and lever 210 are arranged to provide a means for opening and closing bonnet 8, when bonnet 8 is assembled.[000139] Support frame cross member 214 comprises a plurality of side-by-side orifices 213 for receiving connecting member 16. Connecting members 16, when engaged with the support frame cross member 214 engage with complementary orifices (not shown) on the bonnet 8, when assembled.[000140] Referring to Figure 12 showing a side view of the central subframe chassis part 200, the hinge 208 is printed-in-place (integrally formed) on top of the central subframe front wall 204 and provides a pivoting means for a bonnet support frame 261. Hinge 208 comprises a lever 210, and the hinge 208 is connected to a bonnet support frame 261. Bonnet support frame 261, comprises two parallel limbs 225 connected to each other transversely by a support frame cross member 214 (forming a U-shaped bonnet support frame and shown in Figure 14A). When bonnet support frame 261 is in a first position 205 (as shown in Figures 2A, 15B and 15D) it is received in the cavity 150 when the front subframe chassis part 100 and the central subframe chassis part 200 are assembled (see Figure 2B). Bonnet support frame 261 is rotatable in arc 217 around the hinge 208, from a first position 205 to a second position 207, and vice versa from the second position 207 to the first position 205.[000141] Support frame cross member 214 further comprises a recess 211 for engagement with a resilient securing means 212 for securing support frame cross member 214 in the first position 205,for example suitable resilient securing means may comprise a snap-fit joint. Resilient securing means 212 is positioned on top of second step 218 and on a forward face 201 of central subframe front wall 204 and may optionally comprise one or more resilient flanges 215 for seating into recess 211 (as shown in Figure 13). Seating of flange 215 into recess 211 in heel 209 acts in a manner to secure the support frame cross member 214 in place preventing movement of the support frame cross member 214 so that when support frame cross member 214 (and bonnet, when assembled) rotates around arc 217 from the second position 207 to the first position 205, recess 211 engages with resilient securing means 212, thereby securing the support frame cross member 214 (and the bonnet support frame 261) in the first position 205. Resilient securing means 212 may also be further configured at an angle of between 0° and 15° relative to face 221 on second step 218, preferably configured at an angle of between 10° and 15° relative to face 221 on second step 218 and can be seen in Figure 12.[000142] For the avoidance of doubt, Figures 2A, 15B and 15D show support frame cross member 214 in the first position 205 and Figures 11, 12, 14A show support frame cross member 214 in the second position 207.[000143] Referring now to Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15B, central subframe base 202 of central subframe chassis part 200 is of suitable thickness to provide for connecting orifices 238 and 239 on an outside (sideward) face of central subframe base 202. Connecting orifices 239 and 238 are configured for receiving one end of a connecting member 16, while a second end of the connecting members 16 is received within complementary connecting orifices configured on running board(s) 14 to attach the running board(s) 14 to the central subframe base 202 of the central subframe chassis part 200 (see Figure 20). Also provided on a top face of the central subframe base 202 is connecting orifice 235 (see Figure 13 and 14A) for optional complementary engagement with a roll cage (not shown).[000144] Central subframe base 202 may optionally further comprise a protrusion 224 for securing a seat (not shown), and gear stick 250 secured in orifice 252, if so desired by the user as part of a build experience, gear stick 250 being immovable (see Figure 15D). Gear stick 250 and / or seats may be printed-in-place, or alternatively provided as a separate component in a kit of parts, for assembly by a user.[000145] Central subframe rear wall 206 as shown in Figure 12, 14 and 15 A-D and as discussed above, is configured to extend substantially perpendicularly upwards from the rear of centralsubframe base 202. Central subframe rear wall 206 further comprises a plurality of side-by-side connecting orifices 244 for engagement with complementary connecting members 16 and the rear subframe chassis part 300 (see Figure 14 A); a protruding step 240, which protrudes outwards from the central subframe rear wall 206; and wherein the protruding step 240 further comprises a cavity 246 and a plurality of connecting orifices 242 for engagement with complementary connecting member and rear subframe chassis part 300 (see Figures 14A ,15B and 15C). The cavity 246 may help minimise the volume of any 3D printing material required and may provide release of any loose 3D printing material. Upper face 256 of protruding step 240 is configured with a plurality of connecting orifices 234 for optional complementary engagement with a roll cage, the roll cage being complementarily engaged with orifice 235, and orifice 234 further extending downwards into the central subframe rear wall 206.[000146] When the central subframe chassis part 200 is assembled with the rear subframe chassis part 300, the central subframe rear wall 206 and third step 240 abut (couple) in a complementary manner with the rear subframe chassis part 300.[000147] Referring now to Figure 14B and the central subframe base 202 of the central subframe part 200, underside of central subframe base 202 can be configured and customised with personalised details. This could for example, include branding and logos of a manufacturer or a licensee, or for example, personalised details of the intended owner, such as a name, a message, a date, a slogan.[000148] Rear subframe chassis part 300 of the three-part chassis 3 is printed in place (as shown in Figure 16, 17, 18 and 19) and comprises: a gear assembly frame 326 supporting a rear gear assembly 323 and having a first step, where the first step is configured on front of the gear assembly frame 326 (protruding forwardly) for engagement with central subframe chassis part 200 (see Figure 19); an upper frame 301 of rear subframe chassis part extending upwardly and supported by the gear assembly frame 326 (Figures 16 and 17). The upper frame 301 of the rear subframe chassis part 300 is configured to provide : a second step 303, on top of and set-back from the first step 302, and wheel arches 321 (i.e. left wheel arch 321a, a right wheel arch 321b - by spanning the length, front to back, longitudinally of the rear subframe chassis part 300); and a rear frame 362 connected to gear assembly frame 326 and rear frame 362 extending laterally between left to right on rear of subframe chassis part 300.[000149] Referring to the gear assembly frame 326 as shown in Figure 19, the gear assembly frame 326 is configured to support gear assembly 323 and rear axle 318 on an under most side of rear subframe chassis part 300. Gear assembly frame 326 is further configured with a first step 302 on a front end of the rear subframe chassis part 300 for coupling with the central subframe rear wall 206 on the central subframe chassis part 200, and supporting upper frame 301, the upper frame 301 providing a second step 303 above and set back from the first step 302 on the front end of the rear subframe chassis part 300, and also for engagement with the central subframe rear wall 206 on the central subframe chassis part 200 (see Figure 16).[000150] As noted above, gear assembly frame 326 supports first step 302 on a front end of rear subframe chassis part 300. The first step 302 further comprises a front face 309 configured with a plurality of side-by-side connecting orifices 304, each connecting orifice 304 for receiving a connecting member 16, and each connecting member 16 being complementary with a connecting orifice on the central subframe chassis part 200. It will be appreciated that the plurality of connecting orifices could comprise 1, 2, 3 or 4 connecting orifices 304, each orifice for receiving a connecting member 16, and provided that the number of connecting orifices 304 is complementary with connecting orifices 244 configured on the rear face 254 of central subframe rear wall 206, such that rear face 254 of the central subframe rear wall 206 engages and abuts (couples) with front face 309 of step 302.[000151] Referring now to rear gear assembly 323 as shown in Figures 18 and 19, rear gear assembly 323 is printed-in-place and housed within the rear gear assembly frame 326, the rear gear assembly frame 326 further supporting a full rear axle 318.[000152] Referring more specifically to Figure 19, full rear axle 318 extends through the rear gear assembly frame 326 from left to right (or vice versa) and the rear axle 318 supports the third gear wheel 320 which is part of the rear gear assembly 323.[000153] The rear gear assembly 323 which is printed in place comprises the third gear wheel 320 on full rear axle 318 and is configured to engage substantially perpendicularly with the fourth gear wheel 322 and provides for an intersecting axes gear configuration. The fourth gear wheel 322 is configured parallelly with the fifth gear wheel 324, which is supported in the rear frame 362 (which extends laterally and upwardly on rear of rear subframe chassis part 300) by fixing means 349 on rear frame 362. The fourth gear wheel 322 is subsequently connected to the fifth gear wheel 324 byway of a commonly shared shaft 325, the shaft 325 being housed within the rear gear assembly frame 326 at housing 363 (see Figure 19).[000154] The fifth gear wheel 324 is further configured to engage with the sixth gear wheel 338 that is in a parallel axis gear configuration, for example, a spur gear configuration, and supported by the rear frame 362. Subsequently, rotation of the full rear axle 318 turns the third gear wheel 320, and in engaging substantially perpendicularly with the fourth gear wheel 322, facilitates rotation of the fourth gear wheel 322. When the third gear wheel 322 rotates in a clockwise direction, this facilitates rotation of further gear wheel in an anticlockwise direction, and similarly, when third gear wheel 322 rotates in an anti-clockwise direction, this facilitates rotation of further gear wheel in a clockwise direction. Rotation of the fourth gear wheel 322, in turn, facilitates rotation of the fifth gear wheel 324 in the same direction; this can be either clockwise or counterclockwise and is determined by the rotation of the full rear axle 318. The fifth gear wheel 324 engages and rotates the sixth gear wheel 338 in an opposite direction to the fifth gear wheel's 324 rotation. For example, when the fifth gear wheel 324 rotates in a clockwise direction, the sixth gear wheel rotates in an anticlockwise direction and when the fifth gear wheel 324 rotates in an anti-clockwise direction, this facilitates rotation of the sixth gear wheel 338 in a clockwise direction.[000155] Rear axle 318, which is printed in place, may be further configured with printed in place washers. For example, rear axle 318 may be configured with a first washer 315 positioned within the rear gear assembly frame 326, oppositely to the third gear wheel 320 for limiting lateral movement of rear axle 318 within the rear gear assembly frame; and two second washers 317 configured at outer ends 319 of rear axle 318 for abutment with wheels 2, when assembled. First washer 315 may be configured to abut against frame 326 (acting as a washer) to minimise lateral (e.g. sideways, left side to right side and vice versa) movement of the rear axle 318 and gear assembly 323.[000156] Second washers 317 may be configured for abutment with wheels 2, when wheels 2 are press-fitted to each end 319 of the rear axle 318. Wheels 2 may be 3D-printed at an angle of about 8°. 3D Printing front wheels 2 at an angle of about 8° relative to the horizontal plane provides a contact point for each wheel 2, when attached to the vehicle, with a surface on which the model vehicle 1 sits on, such that the model vehicle 1 sits evenly on a surface. That is the wheels have equal, or substantially equal points of contact with a surface on which the assembled vehicle sits.[000157] Referring to Figures 16 and 17, upper frame 301 is supported by and extends upwardly from gear assembly frame 326. Upper frame 301 is configured to provide a second step 303, on top of and set-back from the first step 302 on a front end of rear subframe chassis part 300; upper frame 301 substantially spans the length (front to back, longitudinally) of the rear subframe chassis part to provide for wheel arches 321 on the sides of rear subframe chassis part (i.e. left wheel arch 321a, a right wheel arch 321b), and optionally a plurality of connecting orifices 336, 334 and 332.Connecting orifices 336, 334, 332, 329 and 327 may be provided to allow for future expansion or additional of other vehicle features. These orifices may also find use in the manufacturing process by using less 3D printing material, providing a cheaper and lighter chassis to manufacture.[000158] Figures 16 and 18 show that the upper frame 301 is further connected to the rear frame 362 of the rear subframe chassis part 300, the rear frame 362 also being connected to the gear assembly frame 326. Rear frame 362 extends laterally (left to right) on rear of the rear subframe chassis part 300; and also provides a plurality of orifices for receiving connecting members 16 and assembly complementarily with vehicle body panels (assembly with vehicle body panels can be seen in Figure 21).[000159] As seen in Figure 16, the upper frame 301 generally provides for a second step 303, in contact with, and above and set back from the first step 302 on the front (forward facing) end of the rear subframe chassis part 300. Second step 303 being configured with a plurality of connecting orifices 306 on a forward face for receipt of a connecting member 16 and for engagement with the central subframe rear wall 206 and complementary orifices 242 on the central subframe chassis part 200.[000160] Second step 303 is further provided with: a cavity 308 for reducing or minimising the quantity of 3D printing material used, and lightening the chassis part; and an upper surface (top face) 307 that is configured with a surrounding wall 305 substantially perpendicular to the upper surface (top face) 307, the surrounding wall 305 surrounds three sides (i.e. around three edges) of the upper surface (top face) 307. The surrounding wall 305 further comprises connecting orifices 336 and 334 for receiving connecting members 16 and a complementary roof part 26 (Figure 20).[000161] Surrounding wall 305 is further configured with a plurality of connecting orifices 336 and338 on the outside to receive connecting members 16 which are received in a complementary connecting orifice at the rear end of roof part 26, such that roof part 26 engages with the uppersurface (top face) 307 and surrounding wall 305 of rear subframe chassis part 300 of chassis 3. Seat walls 313 are also further configured with connecting orifices 334 and 336. Orifices 332, 334 and 336 may be provided to allow for future expansion or additional of other vehicle features. These orifices may also find use in the manufacturing process by using less 3D printing material, providing a cheaper and lighter chassis to manufacture.[000162] Referring to Figure 17, the upper frame 301 is further configured to provide for a pivotally mounted spoiler support frame 310, the spoiler support frame 310 having connecting orifices 330 for receiving a connecting members 16 and complementarily engaging a spoiler 38.[000163] In one example, the spoiler support frame 310 is pivoted around a hinge mechanism 314, the hinge 314 being substantially centrally configured on the upper frame 301; the upper frame 301 further comprising a central portion 369 connected to gear assembly frame 326 and being configured with a plurality of orifices 370 for engagement with optional additional vehicle parts, for example an intercooler (not shown).[000164] Hinge mechanism 314 may be optionally configured with a printed-in-place washer 312 to limit any lateral movement of the hinge 314 and spoiler support frame 310. Pivotally mounted spoiler support frame 310 is pivotable in arc 366 around hinge 314, from a first position 367 to a second position 368, and vice versa from the second position 368 to the first position 367. Spoiler support frame 310 also comprises aa spoiler cross member 311. Spoiler support frame 310 may be further configured to engage with a resilient support frame securing means 348 on the rear frame 362 of the rear subframe chassis part 300 when seated in the first position 367. Preferably, the resilient support frame securing means 348, extends upwardly from the rear frame 362 of rear subframe chassis part 300, and engages with a recess on the rear support frame. For example, configuration of the spoiler support frame 310 to engage with the resilient support frame securing means 348 when seated in the first position 367 may be by way of a snap-fit joint.[000165] As discussed above and shown in Figure 17, rear frame 362 of rear subframe chassis part 300 is connected to gear assembly frame 326 and rear frame 362 extends laterally (left to right) and upwards on rear of rear subframe chassis part 300. Rear frame 362 of rear subframe chassis part 300 may also comprise connecting orifices 329 and 327 for receiving connecting members 16 and complementarily engaging with body panels, for example, rear bumper 34 and rear valance 44.[000166] Rear frame 362 of rear subframe chassis part 300 may also be optionally configured with vehicle features, such as for example, a vehicle exhaust assembly 342, see Figures 17 and 18. Vehicle exhaust assembly 342 in Figures 17 and 18, is printed-in-place (i.e. integrally formed) with the rear subframe chassis part and may comprise an exhaust housing 365, a fan shaft 374 for engagement with rear gear assembly 323, and a fan 372 connected to the fan shaft 374. Fan shaft 374 can be seen in Figure 19 and may be subsequently connected to sixth gear wheel 338.[000167] Subsequently, and as described above, rotation of full rear axle 318 (and when assembled, wheels 2) facilitates rotation through rear gear assembly 323, and subsequently rotates the fan 372 of the vehicle exhaust assembly 342. For example, when full rear axle 318 rotates in a clockwise direction, fan 372 rotates in a clockwise direction. Similarly, when rear full axle 318 rotates in an anticlockwise direction, fan 372 rotates in an anticlockwise direction. Vehicle exhaust assembly 342 may further comprise a cover portion, for example a grille 376. Grille 376 may be printed separately from rear subframe chassis part 300 for assembly by a user, or alternatively, may be printed in place.[000168] Subframe chassis parts 100, 200 and 300 of three-part chassis 3 as shown in Figure 2A are 3D printed and features are printed-in-place. 3D printing for example, utilises material that may be isotropic in nature, for example an isotropic plastic.[000169] Each subframe chassis part (100, 200, 300) of the three-part chassis 3 is printed in a single print run and generally not printed as separate components. This avoids the requirement to produce multiple moulds for each part that are required when manufactured by injection moulding.[000170] For example, referring to front subframe chassis part 100, this would be printed from bottom up. For example, starting at the under most feature, such as at the front subframe base 103 and printing upwards would provide the front subframe chassis part 100 as a single piece. 3D printing-in-place takes into account and provides for suitable tolerance levels (or a buffer gap) between moving parts to allow adequate movement of parts.[000171] Preferably any componentry that may be moved, rotated, pivoted, or actuated in the vehicle, when in use, such as a steering column 130, half axles 104, 106 (which collectively form full axle 107), rear axle 318, steering gear assembly 102, rear gear assembly 323, is also printed in place. Printing-in-place requires suitable tolerance levels between components to allow adequate movement of componentry. This does not require the creation of separate moulds and as suchsimplifies the process. Further, 3D printing of the three-part chassis 3 provides for more customisation per vehicle and allows for more detailed componentry and customisable features compared to, for example traditional methods such as injection moulding.[000172] For example, an end-user may wish to have a vehicle with their name customised on the vehicle, preferably by 3D printing. For example, this could be a personalised message, such as happy birthday messages, a person's name, retirement messages, age; branding, logos, company name, trade marks; slogans. Customisation may be provided on any of the body panels or on an underside of the chassis. For example, independently on one or more bumpers, as a registration plate, on a vehicle spoiler, on one or more running boards; on doors; on the bonnet; on the roof, or on any component of the vehicle. Furthermore, the vehicle may be customised with braille for the visually impaired. Braille customisation for example, may take the form of any of the aforementioned customisations such as happy birthday messages, a person's name, retirement messages, age; branding, logo, company name, trade marks; slogans; as instructions provided on the vehicle such as on the central subframe base 202, or as braille on parts and body panels to assist the visually impaired with assembly. A person of skill in the art would appreciate which parts of the assemblable vehicle could be customised in this regard.[000173] 3D printing of the vehicle provides for variation in tolerance levels in connecting points and moving parts. Preferably, tolerance levels are between about 0.1 mm to about 0.5 mm. Preferably, tolerance levels are between about 0.2 mm to about 0.4 mm. More preferably, tolerance levels are selected from 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm. Most preferably, the tolerance level is 0.2 mm. Provision of tolerance levels accommodates for variation in printed dimensions when compared to design dimensions. Further this also provides for mechanical clearance between moving parts. For example, provision of tolerance levels may prevent mechanical binding of print-in-place moving parts, and parts may not function as expected.[000174] In some examples, the 3D printing process leaves raw 3D printing powder material that requires removal post-printing. This can be removed via bead blasting or alternatively by blowing compressed air through the orifices. Provision of tolerance level allows for easy removal of the raw 3D printing. Additionally, the provision of a plurality of orifices, channels or cavities, interspersed throughout the vehicle for removal of any loose material used for 3D printing, such plurality of orifices, channels or cavities may also find use in lightening the weight of the vehicle and minimising the volume of printing powder material used, and are shown in the accompanying figures and alsodiscussed herein. For example, 109 (Figure 3, 5); 402 (Figure 4); 403 (Figure 7); 404 (Figure 10C); 228 (Figure 11); 236 (Figure 11, 12, 14A); 246 (Figure 14A); 400, 401, 405, 406 (Figure 14B); 329, 327 (Figure 16), 321 (Figure 17); 308 (Figure 18); 340, 407, and 408 (Figure 19).[000175] In one example, the vehicle chassis may be 3D printed using a material that has one or more properties comprising: strength, durability, thermal stability, non-hygroscopic, isotropic, resistance to chemicals (for example stable to alkalis, oils and grease from hands), biocompatibility, non-toxic. Suitable materials are able to be handled safely by humans. Suitable materials for example may comprise nylon. 3D printing materials may further comprise a binding agent.Preferably, the binding agent has a lower melting point than the material to 3D print the chassis. The vehicle chassis could be 3D printed on a suitable 3D printer, for example a HP multi-jet fusion 3D printer.[000176] In one example, vehicle body panels may be 3D printed using a material that has one or more properties comprising: photosensitivity, strength, durability, thermal stability, non-hygroscopic, isotropic, resistance to chemicals (for example oils and grease from hands), biocompatibility / non- toxicity. Suitable materials for example may comprise photosensitive epoxy resin. The photosensitive epoxy resin may be cured by UV light, preferably a UV laser in the process of 3D printing. Body panels, could for example, be 3D printed on a suitable 3D printer, such as an SLA 3D printer. 3D printed body panels may be further painted to provide a coating such as a paint layer to the body panels to protect and prevent damage. Preferably, the coating is of suitable thickness to provide tolerance levels and retain movement in the body panels. Preferably, the coating layer is about 25 microns thick. The paint layer may further provide a barrier to wear and provide abrasion resistance, be corrosion resistant, be biocompatible, and provide resistance to degradation by UV sunlight. Suitable materials, for example, for painting printed body panels may comprise ceramic based pigment paints, one suitable example would comprise Cerakote™ (H or C series materials).[000177] The examples described herein are for purposes of illustrating embodiments of the invention. Other embodiments, methods, and types of analyses are within the capabilities of persons of ordinary skill in the art and need not be described in detail herein. Other embodiments within the spirit and scope of the art are considered to be part of this invention.

Claims

Claims1. A 3D printed modular vehicle assembly comprising: a plurality of 3D printed chassis subframe parts, which in use, couple together to form a vehicle chassis, comprising: a) at least one front subframe chassis part providing a functional steering assembly to engage with one or more functional rotatable axles and steer a set of front wheels of the vehicle, b) at least one rear subframe chassis part providing one or more functional rotatable axles to engage with a rear wheel set, the chassis subframe parts each being further adapted and configured to engage with and support one or more 3D printed body panels; the 3D printed chassis subframe parts being printed from a material different to the 3D printed body panels; and wherein in use, the assembly of the 3D printed chassis subframe parts, 3D printed body panels and wheels provides a steerable and moveable 3D printed modular vehicle.

2. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to claim 1, wherein the at least one front subframe chassis part comprises: a) a front subframe base for supporting a right front half-axle, a left front half axle, a first partition extending upwardly from and across the front subframe base in a left to right direction, and a second partition parallel to the first partition, wherein the second partition extends upwardly from the front subframe base and is proximate to a frontward extension arranged on a front end of the front subframe chassis part; b) a functional steering assembly comprising a rotatable steering column and a first gear wheel, wherein the rotatable steering column and the first gear wheel are mounted on the first partition, and wherein the first gear wheel is engaged with a second gear wheel in a parallel axis gear arrangement and positioned between the first partition and the second partition, and wherein the second gear wheel is further engaged with a gear rack, the gear rack having two ends and being pivotally supported at each end to a left front half axle and a right front half axle, and wherein rotation of the steering column drives the steering assembly and moves the left from axle and right front half axle in a lateral direction;c) a front subframe rear wall extending upwards from front subframe base and configured with a plurality of connecting orifices for receipt of a complementary connecting member for complementary engagement with one chassis part.

3. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to claim 1 or 1, wherein the rear subframe part comprises: a) a gear assembly frame supporting a rear gear assembly and a rear axle, and wherein the rear gear assembly comprises:- a third gear wheel configured on the rear axle to engage substantially perpendicularly with a fourth gear wheel to provide an intersecting axes gear configuration;- the fourth gear wheel being configured parallelly with a fifth gear wheel by a commonly shared shaft housed within the rear gear assembly frame;- the fifth gear wheel being configured to engage with a sixth gear wheel in a parallel axis gear configuration and the sixth gear wheel being supported by a rear frame positioned a rear end of the rear subframe chassis part; and- a plurality of forward-facing connecting orifices for receiving a complementary connecting member for complementary engagement with at least one chassis subframe part; and wherein rotation of the rear axle drives movement through the rear gear assembly to rotate the third, the fourth, the fifth, and the sixth gear wheels; b) a rear subframe upper frame supported by and extending upwardly from the gear assembly frame, the upper frame comprising:- wheel arches (i.e. left wheel arch, a right wheel arch); c) a plurality of forward facing connecting orifices for receiving a complementary connecting member for complementary engagement with one chassis part; and a rear subframe rear frame being connected to the rear subframe upper frame and gear assembly frame, and wherein the rear frame extends laterally between left to right on rear of the rear subframe chassis part.

4. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the plurality of 3D printed chassis parts further comprises a central subframe chassis part for coupling between the front subframe chassis part and the rear subframe chassis part, the central subframe chassis part comprising:a) a central subframe base, b) a central subframe front wall supported on and extending substantially perpendicularly upwards from a foremost end of the central subframe base, the central subframe front wall comprising:- a plurality of connecting orifices suitable for receipt of a complementary connecting member for complementary engagement with front subframe chassis part; and- protrusions extending outwardly sideward from central subframe front wall, and suitable for formation of a hinge with a complementary protrusion on a door; c) a central subframe rear wall supported on and extending substantially perpendicularly upwards from a rearmost end of the central subframe base and wherein the central subframe rear wall comprises a plurality of connecting orifices suitable for receipt of a complementary connecting member for complementary engagement with the rear subframe chassis part.

5. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the functional steering assembly is integrally formed (printed-in-place) with the front subframe chassis part.

6. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to any one of claims 2-5, wherein the front subframe rear wall comprises a first step which projects upwards and rearwards from a rear portion of the front subframe base to abut the rear wall of front subframe with the front wall of central subframe chassis part.

7. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to any one of claims 2-6, wherein the front subframe rear wall comprises a second step which projects upwards and rearwards from the first step to couple the rear wall of the front subframe chassis part with the front subframe front wall.

8. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to any one of claims 2-7, wherein a cavity for receiving a support frame cross member is provided by the first partition, the front subframe rear wall, and the central subframe front wall, when assembled.

9. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to any one of claims 2-8, wherein the frontward extension provides a plurality of connecting orifices for receiving a complementary connecting member for assembly of one or more body panels to the frontward extension of the front subframe chassis part.

10. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to any one of claims 2-9, wherein the functional steering assembly is configured for: i) a right-hand drive vehicle; or ii) for a left-hand drive vehicle.

11. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to any one of claims 2-10, wherein the rotatable steering column is configured with a spacer for limiting longitudinal movement of steering column, the spacer being configured between the second partition and one or more projections that are configured on top of and which extend substantially upwards and outwards from the front subframe rear wall.

12. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to any one of claims 4-11, wherein the central subframe front wall comprises: a first step having a forward face and a top face, and the first step protruding forward from the central subframe base; a second step having a forward face and a top face, and the second step protruding forward from the central subframe front wall, the second step being configured on top of and set back from the first step top face.

13. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to any one of claims 4-12, wherein the central subframe front wall is configured with protrusions that extend sidewardly outwards from the central subframe front wall, and provide a hinge when engaged with complementary protrusions on a door.

14. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to any one of claims 4-13, wherein a hinge is integrated with the central subframe front wall and wherein the hinge extends upwards from the central subframe front wall to provide a pivot means for a bonnet support frame and a corresponding bonnet, when assembled;and wherein the hinge provides a means for assisting with opening and the closing bonnet, when assembled.

15. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to any one of claims 4-14, wherein the central subframe rear wall is further configured with a step protruding outwards from central subframe rear wall to securely couple the central subframe rear wall with the rear subframe chassis part.

16. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to any one of claims 4-15, wherein the central subframe rear wall comprises a rearwardly protruding step, configured to couple the central subframe rear wall with the rear subframe chassis part.

17. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to any one of claims 3-16, wherein the gear assembly frame is integrally formed with the rear subframe chassis part and wherein the gear assembly frame is configured with a first step protruding forwardly from the gear assembly frame for coupling with rear of central subframe chassis part.

18. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to any one of claims 3-17, wherein the rear axle is configured with a plurality of washers for limiting lateral movement, and wherein the washers are integrally formed with the gear assembly frame.

19. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to claim 48, wherein the surrounding wall is configured with connecting orifices for complementary assembly with a roof portion of the assemblable vehicle.

20. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to any one of claims 4-51, wherein the rear subframe upper frame of the rear subframe chassis part, further comprises at least one integrally formed hinge to provide a pivoting means for the spoiler support frame.

21. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to claim 52, wherein the hinge of the rear subframe upper frame further comprises an integrally formed) washer to limit lateral movement of the hinge and the spoiler support frame.

22. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to any one of claims 3-57, wherein the rear frame of the rear subframe chassis part is configured with vehicle features, such as for example, a vehicle exhaust assembly, wherein the vehicle features are integrally formed (printed-in-place) with the rear subframe chassis part.

23. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to any one of claims 2-22, wherein each half axle wheel shaft is 3D printed at an angle of about 8° relative to a horizontal plane.

24. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to any one of claims 1-23, wherein the 3D printed modular vehicle assembly has sufficient tolerance between movable components to allow smooth movement of the movable components.

25. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to any one of claims 1-24, wherein the chassis parts comprise an isotropic material, and optionally a binding agent.

26. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to any one of claims 1-25, wherein the isotropic material further comprises a binding agent.

27. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to any one of claims 1-26, wherein the 3D printed body panels comprise a photo-sensitive epoxy resin.

28. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to any one of claims 1-27, wherein the chassis parts and body panels are each independently customisable to produce a customised 3D printed modular vehicle assembly.

29. The 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to claim 28, wherein the customisation comprises: colours, personalised messages, happy birthday messages, a person's name, retirement messages, age; branding, logos, company name, trade marks; slogans; instructions for assembly; braille.

30. A kit of parts for a 3D printed modular vehicle assembly, comprising the 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to any one of claims 1-29.

31. The kit of parts for a 3D printed modular vehicle assembly according to claim 30 comprising a plurality of connecting members.

32. The kit of parts according to any one of claims 30 or 31, wherein the kit comprises a gift box.

33. The kit of parts according to any one of claims 30-32 further comprising instructions for assembly of the 3D printed modular vehicle.

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