Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure comprises: a control unit that calculates a performance index for a specific prediction using a terminal-side model; and a transmission unit that reports a specific prediction result based on the performance index. The control unit calculates the performance index on the basis of a measurement value or a prediction value determined by a parameter indicating a resource setting or a report setting of the prediction result.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] Regarding future wireless communication technologies, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered.

[0006] Use cases for utilizing AI models include spatial domain downlink (DL) beam prediction, temporal DL beam prediction, positioning, etc. Such beam prediction methods may be referred to as AI-based beam prediction (beam reporting), AI-based beam management (BM), etc. Temporal DL beam prediction may be referred to as time-domain Channel State Information (CSI) prediction, for example.

[0007] In utilizing such AI, the introduction of multiple types of life cycle management (LCM) is being considered, but in some cases, this is not sufficiently considered. If this consideration is insufficient, it may be impossible to achieve optimal overhead reduction, channel estimation, and resource utilization, which may hinder improvements in communication throughput and communication quality.

[0008] Therefore, one of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can achieve suitable overhead reduction / channel estimation / resource utilization.

[0009] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure has a control unit that calculates a performance index for a specific prediction using a terminal-side model, and a transmission unit that reports a specific prediction result based on the performance index, and the control unit calculates the performance index based on a measurement or predicted value determined by a parameter that indicates a resource setting or a reporting setting of the prediction result.

[0010] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to achieve favorable overhead reduction / channel estimation / resource utilization.

[0011] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of processing using an AI model. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an AI model (AI / ML model). FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of an LCM framework for performance monitoring using a UE-side model. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of an LCM procedure of the present disclosure. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a correspondence relationship between reporting settings and measurement results / prediction results of the present disclosure. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for selecting multiple performance indicators. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a report of monitoring output. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a report of monitoring output. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of hardware configurations of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[0012] (AI Model) With regard to future wireless communication technologies, the use of AI technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered.

[0013] For example, for future wireless communication technologies, the use of AI techniques is being considered to improve channel state information (CSI) feedback (e.g., reduced overhead, improved accuracy, prediction), improve beam management (e.g., improved accuracy, prediction in the time / space domain), and improve positioning (e.g., improved position estimation / prediction).

[0014] In the present disclosure, AI model information used in AI technology may refer to information including at least one of the following: - Information on the input / output of the AI ​​model; - Pre-processing / post-processing information for the input / output of the AI ​​model; - Information on parameters of the AI ​​model; - Training information for the AI ​​model; - Inference information for the AI ​​model; - Performance information regarding the AI ​​model.

[0015] In the present disclosure, the AI ​​model and the AI / ML model may be read interchangeably.

[0016] Here, the input / output information of the AI ​​model may include information on at least one of the following: - Contents of the input / output data (e.g., RSRP, SINR, amplitude / phase information in the channel matrix (or precoding matrix), information on the angle of arrival (Angle of Arrival (AoA)), information on the angle of departure (Angle of Departure (AoD)), location information); - Type of the input / output data (e.g., immutable value, floating-point number); - Quantization interval (quantization step size) of the input / output data (e.g., 1 dBm for L1-RSRP); - Range that the input / output data can take (e.g., [0, 1]).

[0017] In the present disclosure, the information on AoA may include information on at least one of an azimuth angle of arrival and a zenith angle of arrival (ZoA). The information on AoD may include information on at least one of an azimuth angle of departure and a zenith angle of departure (ZoD).

[0018] In the present disclosure, location information may be location information related to a UE / NW. The location information may include at least one of information (e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude) obtained using a positioning system (e.g., a satellite positioning system (Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Global Positioning System (GPS), etc.)), information about a base station adjacent to (or serving) the UE (e.g., a base station / cell identifier (ID), a BS-UE distance, a direction / angle of the BS (UE) as seen from the UE (BS), coordinates of the BS (UE) as seen from the UE (BS) (e.g., coordinates on the X, Y, and Z axes), etc.), a specific address of the UE (e.g., an Internet Protocol (IP) address), etc. The location information of the UE is not limited to information based on the position of the BS, and may be information based on a specific point.

[0019] The location information may include information about its implementation (e.g., location / position / orientation of antennas, location / orientation of antenna panels, number of antennas, number of antenna panels, etc.).

[0020] The location information may include mobility information, which may include information indicating at least one of information indicating a mobility type, a moving speed of the UE, an acceleration of the UE, and a moving direction of the UE.

[0021] Here, the mobility type may correspond to at least one of a fixed location UE, a movable / moving UE, a no mobility UE, a low mobility UE, a middle mobility UE, a high mobility UE, a cell-edge UE, a not-cell-edge UE, etc.

[0022] The pre-processing / post-processing information for the input / output of the AI ​​model may include information on at least one of the following: - Whether to apply normalization (e.g., Z-score normalization (standardization), min-max normalization); - Parameters for normalization (e.g., mean / variance for Z-score normalization, min / max for min-max normalization); - Whether to apply a specific numerical conversion method (e.g., one hot encoding, label encoding, etc.); - Selection rules for whether to use as training data.

[0023] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of processing using an AI model. For example, Z-score normalization (x) is performed as preprocessing for input information x (original input values). ｎｅｗ = (x - μ) / σ, where μ is the mean of x and σ is the standard deviation) ｎｅｗ (Normalized input values) may be input to the AI ​​model, and the output y ｏｕｔ The output values ​​may be post-processed to obtain the final output y (post-processed output values).

[0024] The information on the parameters of the AI ​​model may include information on at least one of the following: - Information on weights in the AI ​​model (e.g., neuron coefficients (connection coefficients)); - Structure of the AI ​​model; - Type of the AI ​​model as a model component (e.g., Residual Network (ResNet), DenseNet, RefineNet, Transformer model, CRBlock, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)); - Function of the AI ​​model as a model component (e.g., decoder, encoder).

[0025] In addition, the weight information in the above AI model may include information on at least one of the following: - Bit width (size) of the weight information; - Quantization interval of the weight information; - Range that the weight information can take; - Weight parameters in the AI ​​model; - Information on the difference from the AI ​​model before update (if updating); - Weight initialization method (e.g., zero initialization, random initialization (based on normal distribution / uniform distribution / truncated normal distribution), Xavier initialization (for sigmoid function), He initialization (for rectified linear units (ReLU))).

[0026] The structure of the AI ​​model may also include information about at least one of the following: number of layers, type of layer (e.g., convolutional layer, activation layer, dense layer, normalization layer, pooling layer, attention layer), layer information, time series specific parameters (e.g., bidirectionality, time step), parameters for training (e.g., type of function (L2 regularization, dropout function, etc.), where (e.g., after which layer) to place this function).

[0027] The layer information may include information about at least one of the following: the number of neurons in each layer, the kernel size, the stride for pooling / convolutional layers, the pooling method (MaxPooling, AveragePooling, etc.), the residual block information, the number of heads, the normalization method (Batch normalization, instance normalization, layer normalization, etc.), the activation function (Sigmoid, tanh function, ReLU, leaky ReLU information, Maxout, Softmax).

[0028] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an AI model (AI / ML model). This example illustrates an AI model including a ResNet model component #1, a Transformer model component #2, a dense layer, and a normalization layer. In this manner, one AI model may be included as a component of another AI model. Note that FIG. 2 may also illustrate an AI model in which processing proceeds from left to right.

[0029] The training information for the AI ​​model may include information about at least one of the following: - Information for the optimization algorithm (e.g., type of optimization (Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD)), AdaGrad, Adam, etc.), parameters of the optimization (learning rate, momentum information, etc.); - Information on the loss function (e.g., information on metrics of the loss function (Mean Absolute Error (MAE)), Mean Square Error (MSE), Cross Entropy Loss, NLL Loss, KL Divergence, etc.)); - Parameters to be frozen for training (e.g., layers, weights); - Parameters to be updated (e.g., layers, weights); - Parameters to be (used as) initial parameters for training (e.g., layers, weights); - Method of training / updating the AI ​​model (e.g., (recommended) number of epochs, batch size, number of data to use for training).

[0030] The inference information for the AI ​​model may include information regarding decision tree branch pruning, parameter quantization, etc.

[0031] The performance information regarding the AI ​​model may include information regarding the expected value of a loss function defined for the AI ​​model.

[0032] AI model information regarding a specific AI model may be predetermined in a standard or may be notified to a UE from a network (NW). An AI model defined in a standard may be referred to as a reference AI model. AI model information regarding a reference AI model may be referred to as reference AI model information.

[0033] Note that the AI ​​model information in the present disclosure may include an index for identifying the AI ​​model (which may be referred to as an AI model index, for example). The AI ​​model information in the present disclosure may include the AI ​​model index in addition to / instead of the input / output information of the AI ​​model described above. The association between the AI ​​model index and the AI ​​model information (for example, input / output information of the AI ​​model) may be predetermined in a standard or may be notified to the UE from the NW.

[0034] (Use cases of prediction using AI / ML technology) Examples of various predictions using AI / ML models include the following: Beam prediction. In beam prediction, beams / resources that achieve a higher RSRP / SINR [than a threshold] are predicted. Examples include temporal beam prediction, spatial domain beam prediction, and frequency domain beam prediction. Cell prediction. In cell prediction, cells that achieve a higher RSRP / SINR [than a threshold] are predicted. Examples include temporal cell prediction, spatial domain cell prediction, and frequency domain cell prediction. CSI prediction. Examples of CSI prediction include temporal CSI prediction and spatial domain CSI prediction. For example, in spatial domain CSI prediction, CSI for a larger number of antenna ports is predicted based on a smaller number of antenna ports.

[0035] In this disclosure, beam prediction, cell prediction, CSI prediction, and specific prediction [using an AI / ML model] may be read interchangeably.

[0036] Lifecycle Management (LCM) in UE Side Model: UE-assisted performance monitoring can be supported for beam prediction, and the reporting method, report contents, and reporting trigger method (whether to trigger a report based on a specific event, details of the event, etc.) are being considered.

[0037] In addition, the following is being considered:

[0038] In beam management (BM) Case 1 / Case 2 based on the AI / ML model on the UE side, the following performance monitoring of Options 1 and 2 may be supported. The performance monitoring of Options 1 and 2 may also be referred to as Type 1 performance monitoring.

[0039] Note that BM Case 1 may be referred to as spatial domain DL beam prediction, and BM Case 2 may be referred to as temporal DL beam prediction.

[0040] Here, spatial domain DL beam prediction may mean predicting the quality of beam set #B, e.g., a dense beam, in the spatial domain based on measurements [results] of beam set #A, e.g., a sparse beam, in the spatial domain.

[0041] Temporal DL beam prediction may be predicting the quality of a beam (future beam) at a time later than the measurement time based on the measurement results of a past beam (historical beam).

[0042] Furthermore, a beam set may be a set including one or more beams. Note that beam set #A / #B may be simply read as set #A / #B.

[0043] <Option 1: NW-side performance monitoring> The UE sends a report to the NW (e.g., gNB) for the NW to calculate a performance metric. That is, the NW calculates the performance metric.

[0044] The report content may include the L1-RSRP / RS index as a measurement result from the resource set for monitoring, but the report content is not limited to these and may include other content.

[0045] Reporting can be configured / triggered at least by the NW.

[0046] <Option 2: UE-assisted performance monitoring> The UE calculates the performance indicators. In option 2, there is room for further consideration of the reporting method / contents.

[0047] Regarding whether to trigger reporting based on specific events for options 1 / 2, option 2 leaves room for further consideration on how / what to report.

[0048] Furthermore, Type 2 performance monitoring is also being considered.

[0049] Figure 3 shows an example of an LCM framework for performance monitoring using a UE-side model. The LCM procedure may include the following six steps. Note that some steps (performance report / model request) may be omitted from the multiple steps shown in Figure 3. The order of the steps is merely an example.

[0050] <RS Measurement> In this step, RS (CSI-RS / SSB) is measured for prediction (input for AI model) and performance monitoring.

[0051] Performance Monitoring In this step, the performance of the model and fallback scheme is monitored.

[0052] UE-Side Model Evaluation In this step, the monitored / reported performance is compared.

[0053] <Performance Reporting> In this step, the monitored performance is reported as needed.

[0054] <Model Request> In this step, the UE requests the NW which model to apply / whether to apply a fallback scheme, as necessary.

[0055] <Model Activation / Deactivation> This step indicates which scheme is activated / whether to activate a specific model. After this step, you may return to the RS measurement step.

[0056] In the present disclosure, lifecycle management and performance monitoring may be read interchangeably.

[0057] (Analysis) As mentioned above, the LCM procedure is not sufficiently clear for a specific use case (for a specific prediction) of utilizing an AI model. If these are not clear, it may be impossible to reduce overhead, estimate channels, or utilize resources appropriately, which may hinder improvements in communication throughput and communication quality.

[0058] Therefore, the present inventors came up with an LCM method (procedure) that solves these problems.

[0059] (Various Reinterpretations) In the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "( )" in a sentence may indicate an explanation of the word immediately preceding it (for example, an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, a supplementary explanation, etc. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "[ ]" in a sentence may be interpreted including the word in the meaning of the entire sentence, or may be interpreted excluding (ignoring) the word in the meaning of the entire sentence. Note that "( )" and "[ ]" may also be used for purposes / meanings other than those mentioned above.

[0060] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0061] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be read interchangeably.

[0062] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0063] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0064] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0065] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0066] In the present disclosure, the terms index, identifier (ID), indicator, resource ID, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0067] In the present disclosure, the terms panel, UE panel, panel group, beam, beam group, precoder, Uplink (UL) transmitting entity, Transmission / Reception Point (TRP), base station, Spatial Relation Information (SRI), spatial relation, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), Control Resource Set (CORESET), Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), Reference Signal (RS), antenna port (e.g., Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port), antenna port group (e.g., DMRS port group), group (e.g., spatial relation group, Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, reference signal group, CORESET group, Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) group, PUCCH resource group), resource (e.g., reference signal resource, SRS resource), resource set (e.g., reference signal resource set), CORESET pool, downlink Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state) (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, Quasi-Co-Location (QCL), QCL assumption, etc. may be read as interchangeable.

[0068] In the present disclosure, CSI-RS, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS, zero power (ZP) CSI-RS, and CSI interference measurement (CSI-IM) may be interchangeable. Furthermore, CSI-RS may include other reference signals.

[0069] In this disclosure, a measured / reported RS may refer to an RS that is measured / reported for a CSI report.

[0070] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, slot, subslot, symbol, subframe, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0071] In the present disclosure, the terms direction, axis, dimension, domain, polarization, polarization component, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0072] In the present disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be used interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be used interchangeably.

[0073] In the present disclosure, the terms autoencoder, encoder, decoder, etc. may be replaced with at least one of a model, an ML model, a neural network model, an AI model, an AI algorithm, etc. Furthermore, the term autoencoder may be replaced with any autoencoder, such as a stacked autoencoder or a convolutional autoencoder. The encoder / decoder of the present disclosure may employ a model such as a Residual Network (ResNet), a DenseNet, or a RefineNet.

[0074] In the present disclosure, the terms bit, bit string, bit sequence, sequence, value, information, value obtained from a bit, information obtained from a bit, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0075] In the present disclosure, a layer (for an encoder) may be interchangeably read as a layer (such as an input layer or an intermediate layer) used in an AI model. The layer in the present disclosure may correspond to at least one of an input layer, an intermediate layer, an output layer, a batch normalization layer, a convolutional layer, an activation layer, a dense layer, a normalization layer, a pooling layer, an attention layer, a dropout layer, a fully connected layer, etc.

[0076] In the present disclosure, RSRP may be interchangeably read as any parameter related to received power / received quality, etc. (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, CSI), etc.

[0077] In the present disclosure, the RS may be, for example, a CSI-RS, an SS / PBCH block (SS block (SSB)), etc. Also, the RS index may be a CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), an SS / PBCH Block Indicator (SSBRI), etc.

[0078] In the present disclosure, channel measurement / estimation may be performed using at least one of, for example, a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Synchronization Signal (SS), a Synchronization Signal / Physical Broadcast Channel (SS / PBCH) block, a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and the like.

[0079] In the present disclosure, the terms "receive beam assumption," "number of receive beams," "index of receive beam," "receive beam selection," "receive beam setting," and "receive beam instruction" may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms "receive beam," "transmit beam," "DL receive beam," "DL transmit beam," and "pair of transmit beam and receive beam" may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms "transmit / receive beam" may be interchangeable with the terms "transmit / receive beam for beam prediction" and "transmit / receive beam for CSI measurement / reporting for beam prediction."

[0080] In this disclosure, functionality may refer to the use of a model or the physical meaning of the model's input / output. Multiple models may have the same functionality. Monitoring (checking performance), activation, deactivation, switching, fallback, and updating may be instructed (controlled) based on the functionality (e.g., for each function).

[0081] In this disclosure, functionality may refer to features (requiring AI / ML capabilities) (e.g., CSI prediction / CSI compression / temporal beam prediction / reporting information based on spatial domain beam prediction).

[0082] A model ID may also refer to an identifier for a model (or a set of models). Multiple models may be assigned the same model ID in an actual deployment. In this case, these models may actually be different models (e.g., have different numbers of layers) but may be treated as the same model.

[0083] In the present disclosure, the model ID may be interchangeably read as a meta-information (or a set of meta-information) ID. The meta-information (or meta-information ID) may be associated with information about the applicability of the model / functionality, the environment, the UE / gNB settings, etc.

[0084] In the present disclosure, functionality may be simply read as "function."

[0085] In the present disclosure, functionality, function, functionality ID, model, and model ID may be read interchangeably.

[0086] In the present disclosure, an ID may represent an ID corresponding to (for identifying) at least one of a dataset, a model, and a property of a channel / RS. That is, in the present disclosure, an ID, a dataset ID, a model ID, and a property ID of a channel / RS may be read as interchangeable.

[0087] In the present disclosure, the terms "report initiation" and "report trigger" may be read interchangeably.

[0088] In the present disclosure, the prediction result and the monitoring output may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0089] (Wireless Communication Method) The embodiments of the present disclosure can be broadly categorized as follows according to the steps of the LCM procedure. Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the LCM procedure of the present disclosure. ・Embodiment 0: Definition of performance index. ・Embodiment 1: Calculation of performance index (Step #1). ・Embodiment 2: Processing of performance index (Step #2). ・Embodiment 3: Detection of event (Step #3). ・Embodiment 4: Reporting of monitoring output (Step #4).

[0090] That is, the LCM procedure of the present disclosure is composed of at least steps #1 to #4. Note that the LCM procedure of the present disclosure may include other steps in addition to steps #1 to #4, or some steps may be omitted (e.g., step #2).

[0091] Each embodiment will be described below based on these. Each embodiment / option may be applied alone or in combination.

[0092] In this disclosure, beam prediction / CSI prediction / cell prediction are mainly exemplified as use cases of utilizing an AI model, but the contents of this disclosure are not limited thereto and can be applied to other use cases.

[0093] In this disclosure, the beams / RSs / cells associated with the output (prediction result) of the AI ​​model may be referred to as Set A. The beams / RSs / cells associated with the input of the AI ​​model may be referred to as Set B.

[0094] More specifically, in the case of beam prediction / CSI prediction / cell prediction, Set A / Set B may be interchangeably read as Resource A / Resource B, respectively. Resource A may refer to a resource related to a predicted value. Resource B may refer to a resource measured to derive a predicted value (i.e., a resource related to a measurement value).

[0095] In addition, in the case of CSI prediction, set A / set B may be interchangeably read as antenna port A / antenna port B, respectively. Antenna port A may refer to the antenna port associated with the predicted value (predicted CSI), and antenna port B may refer to the antenna port measured to derive the predicted value.

[0096] In addition, in the case of CSI prediction, set A may be formed by combining resource A and antenna port A, and set B may be formed by combining resource B and antenna port B.

[0097] In the present disclosure, set A, resource A, antenna port A, and predicted value may be interchangeable. Also, set B, resource B, antenna port B, and measured value may be interchangeable. A and B may be interchangeable with #A and #B, respectively.

[0098] The UE / NW (gNB) may perform the LCM procedure (e.g., various operations related to beam prediction / CSI prediction / cell prediction) by applying the embodiments shown below.

[0099] The UE may receive various settings for beam prediction / CSI prediction / cell prediction, and may report / transmit the corresponding prediction results to the NW.

[0100] The NW may transmit various settings for beam prediction / CSI prediction / cell prediction to the UE, and may also receive corresponding prediction results (reports) from the UE.

[0101] In the present disclosure, beam prediction and predicted beam may be interchangeable. Also, CSI prediction and predicted CSI may be interchangeable. Also, cell prediction and predicted cell may be interchangeable.

[0102] <Tenth Embodiment> The tenth embodiment relates to the definition of a performance index. The tenth embodiment can be classified into aspects 0-1 to 0-3 depending on the target of prediction.

[0103] <<Aspect 0-1>> Aspect 0-1 relates to beam prediction.

[0104] (Definition of Terms) Terms related to beam prediction in the present disclosure are listed below.

[0105] Actual top-K beams: The actual top-K beams may refer to the top K (K is 1 or greater) resources / beams among a set of resources / beams that achieve the highest RSRP / SINR based on measurements of the corresponding set of resources / beams.

[0106] Predicted top-K beams: The predicted top-K beams may refer to the top K (K is 1 or greater) resources / beams among a set of resources / beams that achieve the highest RSRP / SINR based on UE-side predictions (for the corresponding set of resources / beams), where UE-side predictions may be performed together with measurements.

[0107] Current beam: The current beam may refer to a resource / beam corresponding to a QCL RS in the indicated TCI state, or a resource / beam corresponding to an RS (e.g., SSB) that is in a QCL relationship (QCLed) with a QCL RS in the indicated TCI state.

[0108] Measured RSRP: Measured RSRP may refer to an RSRP / SINR value based on measurements of a particular beam / resource.

[0109] Predicted RSRP: Predicted RSRP may refer to the RSRP / SINR value of a certain beam / resource derived based on UE-side prediction, which may be performed together with measurements.

[0110] Performance Index Definition The performance index for beam prediction may exhibit values ​​of at least one of the following options:

[0111] (Opt1) Percentage / probability that the predicted top K beams contain the actual top-1 beam.

[0112] (Opt2) The percentage / probability that the predicted top K beam is equal to (will be equal to) the actual top K beam.

[0113] (Opt3) The proportion / probability that the predicted top 1 beam is included in the actual top K beams.

[0114] (Opt4) The difference (difference value) between the measured RSRP of at least one of the predicted top K beams and the measured RSRP of the actual top 1 beam (may also be called RSRP difference).

[0115] (Opt5) The difference between the predicted RSRP of the predicted top K beam and the measured RSRP of the predicted top K beam (may be referred to as the predicted RSRP difference).

[0116] (Opt6) The difference between the predicted RSRP of the predicted top K beam and the measured RSRP of the current beam.

[0117] (Opt7) Hypothetical Block Error Rate (BLER) for PDSCH transmission with (including) one of the predicted top K beams.

[0118] (Opt8) [Hypothetical] BLER for PDSCH transmission with (including) one of the top K measured beams.

[0119] (Opt9) [Virtual] BLER for PDSCH transmission with (including) the current beam.

[0120] (Opt10) Difference between Opt7 and Opt9. For example, the difference between Opt8 and Opt7 (the difference between the [virtual] BLER for PDSCH transmission with (including one of) the measured top K beams and the [virtual] BLER for PDSCH transmission with (including one of) the predicted top K beams).

[0121] For Opt7-Opt10, the assumptions (eg, MCS, resource allocation) used for BLER calculation may be specified / configured / indicated / reported.

[0122] (Opt11) Y% confidence level range for predicted RSRP (e.g., range around predicted RSRP that measured RSRP falls within Y%). Alternatively, confidence level for predicted RSRP over range T (e.g., percentage / probability that measured RSRP falls within range T around predicted RSRP).

[0123] (Opt12) The rate / probability that the specific difference value indicated in Opt4 / 5 / 6 / 10 is greater / smaller than a predetermined value X [dB].

[0124] (Opt13) A range of Y% confidence level for a specific value (BLER) indicated in Opt7 to Opt9 (e.g., a range in which the corresponding specific BLER falls within Y%), or a confidence level for a range T (e.g., a proportion / probability that the corresponding specific BLER falls within range T).

[0125] (Opt14) The percentage / probability that the ranking / ordering of the predicted top K beams is the same as the ranking / ordering of the actual top K beams.

[0126] (Note) In the present disclosure, the terms "proportion" and "probability" may be read interchangeably.

[0127] In the present disclosure, performance metrics (performance metric(s)) and key performance indicators (KPI) may be read interchangeably.

[0128] In each of the above options, the metric may be a hypothetical KPI or a measured KPI.

[0129] In the case of virtual KPIs, the KPI may be calculated based on the UE's estimates [and measurements], e.g. the percentage / probability of Opt1 may be based on the UE's estimates.

[0130] For measurement KPIs, the KPI may be calculated based on the measured and predicted values, e.g., the percentage / probability of Opt1 may be based on the measured values.

[0131] The specific parameters (K, X, Y, T) in each of the above options may be predefined by the specification, may be set / indicated by higher layer / physical layer signaling, or may be determined (reported) according to the UE capabilities.

[0132] The performance indicator for beam prediction may refer to a specific parameter included / associated with a certain PDSCH [transmission].

[0133] <<Aspect 0-2>> Aspect 0-2 relates to CSI prediction.

[0134] (Definition of Terms) Terms related to CSI prediction in the present disclosure are listed below.

[0135] Predicted CSI: Predicted CSI may refer to CSI based on UE-side prediction, such as a precoding matrix, a channel matrix, a channel quality, and a rank of a precoding matrix.

[0136] The UE-side prediction may be performed together with measurements or may be performed using a specific non-AI / AI algorithm (prediction associated with a specific model).

[0137] Reference CSI: Reference CSI may refer to CSI based on measurements. For example, the reference CSI may include a precoding matrix, a channel matrix, a channel quality, a rank of a precoding matrix, etc. The reference CSI may be used to calculate a performance index using the predicted CSI.

[0138] The UE may determine the measurement occasions to be used for the calculation of the reference CSI according to rules predefined by the specification, configured / instructed / reported parameters.

[0139] Reference CSI may refer to quantized CSI (eg, CSI represented by a particular codebook type, such as a type 2 codebook).

[0140] Performance Metric Definition The performance metric for CSI prediction may exhibit values ​​of at least one of the following options:

[0141] (Opt1) Difference between predicted CSI and reference CSI (difference / similarity). For example, various cosine similarities (squared generalized cosine similarity (SGCS) / generalized cosine similarity (GCS)), normalized mean square error (NMSE) / mean square error (MSE)), etc.

[0142] (Opt2) [Hypothetical] BLER for PDSCH transmission with / including / utilizing predicted CSI.

[0143] (Opt3) [Hypothetical] BLER for PDSCH transmission with / including / utilizing reference CSI.

[0144] (Opt4) [Hypothetical] BLER for PDSCH transmissions with / including / utilizing CSI reports of a particular type (Type 1 / 2 or Extended Type 2).

[0145] (Opt5) Channel quality information (CQI) / Rank indicator (RI) for PDSCH transmission with / including / utilizing predicted CSI.

[0146] (Opt6) CQI / RI for PDSCH transmission with / including / utilizing reference CSI.

[0147] (Opt7) CQI / RI for PDSCH transmissions with / including / utilizing CSI reporting of a particular type (Type 1 / 2 or Extended Type 2).

[0148] (Opt8) Difference between Opt2 and Opt4. For example, the difference between the same options to which different derivation methods are applied may be applied (the difference between the predicted CSI (Opt2) via / using a model ID and the predicted CSI (Opt2) via / using a specific non-AI algorithm).

[0149] (Opt9) Y% confidence range of the specific value (BLER) indicated in Opt2 to Opt4 (e.g., the range in which the corresponding specific BLER falls within Y%), or confidence for range T (e.g., the proportion / probability that the corresponding specific BLER falls within range T).

[0150] (Note) The specific parameters (Y, T) in each of the above options may be predefined by the specification, may be set / indicated by higher layer / physical layer signaling, or may be determined (reported) according to the UE capabilities.

[0151] For Opt2-Opt8, the assumptions (eg, MCS, resource allocation) used for BLER calculation may be specified / configured / indicated / reported.

[0152] A performance indicator for CSI prediction may refer to a specific parameter included in / associated with a certain PDSCH [transmission].

[0153] <<Aspect 0-3>> Aspect 0-3 relates to cell prediction. The beams / resources of aspect 0-1 can be applied to aspect 0-3 by replacing them with cells.

[0154] (Definition of Terms) Terms related to cell prediction in the present disclosure are listed below.

[0155] Actual top-K cells: Actual top-K cells may refer to the top K (K is 1 or greater) cells among a set of resources / cells that achieve the highest RSRP / SINR based on measurements of the corresponding set of resources / cells.

[0156] Predicted top-K cells: Predicted top-K cells may refer to the top K (K ≥ 1) cells from a set of cells that achieve the highest RSRP / SINR based on UE-side prediction, which may be performed together with measurements.

[0157] Measured RSRP: Measured RSRP may refer to RSRP / SINR / RSRQ values ​​based on measurements of a particular cell.

[0158] Predicted RSRP: Predicted RSRP may refer to the RSRP / SINR / RSRQ values ​​of a particular cell derived based on UE-side prediction, which may be performed together with measurements.

[0159] Performance Metric Definition The performance metric for cell prediction may exhibit values ​​of at least one of the following options:

[0160] (Opt1) Percentage / probability that the predicted top K cells contain the actual top-1 beam.

[0161] (Opt2) The percentage / probability that the predicted top K cells are equal to (will be equal to) the actual top K cells.

[0162] (Opt3) The proportion / probability that the predicted top 1 cell is included in the actual top K cells.

[0163] (Opt4) The difference (difference value) between the measured RSRP of at least one of the predicted top K cells and the measured RSRP of the actual top 1 cell (may also be referred to as RSRP difference).

[0164] (Opt5) The difference between the predicted RSRP of the predicted top K cells and the measured RSRP of the predicted top K cells (may be referred to as the predicted RSRP difference).

[0165] (Opt6) Difference between predicted RSRP of predicted top K cells and measured RSRP of current cell.

[0166] (Opt7) [Hypothetical] BLER for PDSCH transmission in [one of] the predicted top K cells.

[0167] (Opt8) [Hypothetical] BLER for PDSCH transmission in [one of] the top K measured cells.

[0168] (Opt9) [Virtual] BLER for PDSCH transmission in the current cell (serving cell).

[0169] (Opt10) Difference between Opt7 and Opt9, e.g., difference between Opt8 and Opt7 (difference between the [hypothetical] BLER for PDSCH transmission with (including) one of the measured top K cells and the [hypothetical] BLER for PDSCH transmission with (including) one of the predicted top K cells).

[0170] For Opt7-Opt10, the assumptions (eg, MCS, resource allocation) used for BLER calculation may be specified / configured / indicated / reported.

[0171] (Opt11) Y% confidence range of predicted RSRP (e.g., range around predicted RSRP that measured RSRP falls within Y%). Alternatively, confidence of predicted RSRP over range T (e.g., percentage / probability that measured RSRP falls within range T around predicted RSRP).

[0172] (Opt12) The rate / probability that the specific difference value indicated in Opt4 / 5 / 6 / 10 is greater / smaller than a predetermined value X [dB].

[0173] (Opt13) Y% confidence range of the specific value (BLER) indicated in Opt7 to Opt9 (e.g., the range in which the corresponding specific BLER falls within Y%), or confidence for range T (e.g., the proportion / probability that the corresponding specific BLER falls within range T).

[0174] (Opt14) The percentage / probability that the ranking / ordering of the predicted top K cells is the same as the ranking / ordering of the actual top K cells.

[0175] (Note) In the present disclosure, the terms "proportion" and "probability" may be read interchangeably.

[0176] In the present disclosure, performance metrics (performance metric(s)) and key performance indicators (KPI) may be read interchangeably.

[0177] In each of the above options, the metric may be a hypothetical KPI or a measured KPI.

[0178] In the case of virtual KPIs, the KPI may be calculated based on the UE's estimates [and measurements], e.g. the percentage / probability of Opt1 may be based on the UE's estimates.

[0179] For measurement KPIs, the KPI may be calculated based on the measured and predicted values, e.g., the percentage / probability of Opt1 may be based on the measured values.

[0180] The specific parameters (K, X, Y, T) in each of the above options may be predefined by the specification, may be set / indicated by higher layer / physical layer signaling, or may be determined (reported) according to the UE capabilities.

[0181] A performance indicator for cell prediction may refer to a cell [specific parameter for] associated / corresponding to a certain PDSCH [transmission].

[0182] According to this embodiment, the definition of the performance index according to the target of prediction (beam / CSI / cell) becomes clear.

[0183] First Embodiment The first embodiment relates to the calculation of the performance index (step #1).

[0184] As shown in Figure 4, in step #1, the UE calculates the performance indicators. Specifically, the UE may calculate the performance indicators based on measured / predicted values ​​shown in the following options:

[0185] (Opt1) Measurement / prediction values ​​determined by parameters indicating resource configuration, such as configuration parameters indicating resource indexes (CSI-ResourceConfigId, NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSetId, CSI-SSB-ResourceSetId, etc.).

[0186] (Opt2) Measurement / prediction value determined by a parameter indicating a reporting setting of the prediction result. Examples of the parameter include a CSI report of predicted beam / cell information, predicted CSI, a CSI reporting setting, etc. More specifically, a setting parameter (reportConfigId) indicating an index of the reporting setting can be mentioned.

[0187] 5 is a diagram showing the correspondence between the reporting configuration in Opt2 and the measurement / prediction results. As shown in FIG. 5, the configuration for reporting the prediction results (monitoring result report #1 configuration) may include the CSI report of predicted beam / cell information #1 [resource configuration]. The CSI report of predicted beam / cell information #1 [resource configuration] may include set A #1 and set B #1. The measurement values ​​of set A #1 and set B #1 may be used for calculating the performance indicator.

[0188] Similarly, the configuration for reporting prediction results (configuration for monitoring result report #2) may include the CSI report of predicted beam / cell information #2. The CSI report of predicted beam / cell information #2 may include set A #2 and set B #2.

[0189] 5 shows an example in which the CSI report of the predicted beam / cell information is set for each setting of the monitoring result report, but is not limited to this. For example, the setting of the monitoring result report #1 may include the CSI report of the predicted beam / cell information #1, #2 [resource setting].

[0190] According to this embodiment, the UE is able to properly calculate the performance indicators for AI-based prediction.

[0191] Second Embodiment The second embodiment relates to the processing of performance indicators (step #2).

[0192] As shown in Fig. 4, after step #1, in step #2, the UE processes the performance indicators / calculates the processed performance indicators. That is, the UE may perform specific processing on the performance indicators calculated in step #1. Note that steps #1 and #2 may be performed together (as one step) in a series, and step #2 may not necessarily be performed.

[0193] Specifically, the UE may calculate / process the performance indicators based on the following options:

[0194] (Opt1) The UE may calculate a processed performance indicator based on the performance indicator at a certain occasion / timing. For example, the processed performance indicator may be the performance indicator of the first embodiment. That is, the UE may treat the performance indicator calculated in step #1 as the processed performance indicator as is. In other words, the UE may not perform any processing in step #2.

[0195] (Opt2) The UE may calculate a processed performance indicator based on the performance indicators at multiple occasions / timings.

[0196] Specifically, the UE may calculate the average value of the multiple performance indicators (at different timings) calculated in step #1, and treat the average value as the processed performance indicator.

[0197] The exact performance indicators to be averaged (number of performance indicators to be averaged, timer for indicating the target, etc.) may be predefined by the specification, set / indicated by higher layer / physical layer signaling, or reported.

[0198] (Opt3) The UE may calculate a processed performance indicator based on the performance indicators at multiple occasions / timings.

[0199] Specifically, the UE may calculate a processed performance indicator by applying a specific formula to the multiple performance indicators (at different timings) calculated in step #1.

[0200] The specific formula may be predefined by the specification, or for example, a formula similar to that used in existing L3 filtering (see the following formula) may be applied. ｎ = (1 - a) * F ｎ－１ + a * M ｎ

[0201] Here, F ｎ may represent the processed performance index (the filtered updated version of the performance index). ｎ－１ may represent the past (filtered) performance index. ｎ may represent the latest [received] performance indicator, and a represents a specific coefficient (which may be called a scaling factor), which may be predefined by the specification or set / indicated by higher layer / physical layer signaling.

[0202] For example, the processed performance index (F ｎ ) is the performance index (i.e., F) previously calculated / processed / reported. ｎ－１ , or M ｎ ) may be determined based on the

[0203] In addition, the processed performance index (F ｎ ) may be determined based on the sum of the performance index and a scaling factor (i.e., a) depending on the measurement time used to calculate the performance index or the calculation time of the performance index (the time required for the calculation).

[0204] The processed performance index (Fｎ A method for determining the number of performance indicators required for the calculation of (1), i.e., a method for selecting the multiple performance indicators, may follow at least one of the following methods:

[0205] - Number of samples as dictated by predefined / set / command / reported parameters. - Time window (length / start timing / end timing) as dictated by predefined / set / command / reported parameters.

[0206] 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for selecting multiple performance indicators. As shown in FIG. 6, multiple performance indicators (e.g., indicators #3, #4, and #5) that fall within a certain time window are selected. The selected three performance indicators may be used for performance indicator processing / calculation.

[0207] According to this embodiment, the UE can apply a more accurate performance indicator to LCM (performance monitoring) by performing specific processing on the performance indicator calculated in advance (e.g., in step #1).

[0208] Third Embodiment The third embodiment relates to the detection of an event (step #3).

[0209] As shown in Fig. 4, after step #2, in step #3, the UE detects an event. For example, the UE may check / determine whether an event condition (which may simply be referred to as a condition) is met based on (using) the performance indicator processed in step #2. Note that the processed performance indicator, i.e., the performance indicator that has undergone step #2, may simply be read as the performance indicator (the performance indicator calculated in step #1).

[0210] <<Event Conditions>> The event conditions may be at least one of the following Alt1 to Alt4.

[0211] (Alt1) The [processed] performance index is greater / less than a certain threshold #X.

[0212] (Alt2) The [processed] performance index is greater / less than the previously calculated / processed / reported performance index by a specific offset value #Y. That is, the difference between the [processed] performance index and the previously calculated / processed / reported performance index is greater / less than a specific offset value #Y.

[0213] (Alt3) The [processed] performance index is greater / less than another [processed] performance index by a specific offset value #Y. That is, the difference between the [processed] performance index and another [processed] performance index is greater / less than a specific offset value #Y.

[0214] (Alt4) At least one of Alt1 / 2 / 3 is satisfied Z times in a row.

[0215] (Note) The above-mentioned Alt1 to Alt4 may be applied in any combination. For example, the event condition may be satisfied when at least two of Alt1 to Alt4 are satisfied.

[0216] The values ​​of threshold #X, offset values ​​#Y, Z, etc. may be predefined by a specification, or may be set / indicated or reported by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0217] The processed performance metrics may be calculated for activated and deactivated functionality / models, including existing non-AI algorithms / methods.

[0218] <<Timing of Check / Event Detection>> The UE may check the condition (determine whether the condition is met) at least one of the following timings Opt1 to Opt4.

[0219] (Opt1) The timing at which the UE performs measurements to calculate the monitoring power.

[0220] (Opt2) When the UE calculates the [processed] performance indicators.

[0221] (Opt3) Specific timing based on configured / instructed parameters (e.g. UE is configured with period and offset for this timing).

[0222] (Opt4) Timing for reporting / transmitting instructions / requests in the fourth embodiment described later.

[0223] According to this embodiment, the UE is able to appropriately check / detect events / conditions based on the calculated / processed performance indicators.

[0224] <Fourth embodiment> The fourth embodiment relates to reporting of the monitoring output (step #4).

[0225] As shown in Fig. 4, after step #3, in step #4, the UE reports / transmits monitoring output. For example, the UE may determine what information to report (whether to report) based on (using) the performance indicators processed in step #2.

[0226] In the present disclosure, the subject of the report (information reported / sent by the UE) may include monitoring output (details will be described later).

[0227] <<Contents of Monitoring Output>> The UE can report the monitoring output via higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0228] The monitoring output may include at least one of the following pieces of information:

[0229] [Processed] performance indicators: The UE may report multiple performance indicators jointly in the same report depending on (using) predefined / configured / instructed / reported parameters, i.e. the UE may report multiple performance indicators in one report.

[0230] Indication that a condition [of an event] is met: The UE may report that a particular condition is met as well as which condition is met.

[0231] Indication of whether the functionality ID / model ID is functioning satisfactorily. The UE may report a [processed] performance indicator that is referenced to determine whether the functionality ID / model ID is functioning satisfactorily. This allows the UE to hide the exact performance of the functionality ID / model ID from the NW (gNB) (no need to notify). In other words, it is possible to prevent the NW from knowing the details of the UE's functionality / model ID.

[0232] Functionality ID / Model ID / Dataset ID / ID associated with the monitoring output.

[0233] [L1-] RSRP / SINR / CSI (e.g., precoding matrix / channel matrix / precoding matrix indicator (PMI) / CQI / RI). This information is useful when calculating performance indicators on the network side. The UE may report a resource index (e.g., CRI / SSBRI) associated with the [L1-] RSRP / SINR / CSI.

[0234] <<Report Trigger>> The UE may trigger the reporting of monitoring output according to at least one of Opt1 to Opt2 below.

[0235] (Opt1) Periodic / Aperiodic / Semi-persistent resources based on parameters set / instructed by the NW.

[0236] (Opt2) Whether at least one of the event conditions (Alt1 to Alt4) described in the third embodiment is satisfied. The UE can set the conditions used to trigger the reporting of the monitoring output. For example, the UE may trigger the reporting when a specific condition is satisfied.

[0237] The above-mentioned Opt1 / 2 may be applied in combination.

[0238] <<Information to be reported>> When the UE triggers a monitoring output report, the UE may report / send at least one piece of information Alt1 to Alt3 below: Figures 7 and 8 are diagrams showing an example of a monitoring output report.

[0239] (Alt1) Monitoring output (content as described above).

[0240] The UE may be configured / instructed on UL resources (PUCCH / PUSCH resources) for reporting monitoring power, and the format (e.g., PUCCH format) for the UL resource indication may be restricted to a specific format (e.g., PUCCH format 2 / 3 / 4).

[0241] (Alt2) Request for resources to report monitoring output.

[0242] The UE may report / transmit the request on a PUCCH, which requests scheduling of a PUCCH / PUSCH for reporting the monitoring power.

[0243] The UE may be configured / instructed on UL resources (PUCCH / PUSCH resources) for reporting / transmitting the request.

[0244] The UL resource may vary depending on the event / associated functionality ID / model ID / association ID.

[0245] The format for indicating the UL resource (e.g., PUCCH format) may be restricted to a specific format (e.g., PUCCH format 0 / 1).

[0246] Figure 7 shows an example of Alt2. As shown in Figure 7, when a certain condition is met and the UE triggers a monitoring power report, the UE reports / sends a request for a monitoring power report to the gNB.

[0247] In response to the request, the gNB instructs the UE on resources for reporting the monitoring output (performs scheduling for reporting the monitoring output).

[0248] The UE reports / transmits the monitoring output using the indicated / scheduled resources.

[0249] (Alt3) Instructions for reporting monitoring output.

[0250] The UE may report / transmit the indication on a PUCCH, which indicates the reporting / transmission of PUCCH / PUSCH on another resource.

[0251] The UE may be configured / instructed on UL resources (PUCCH / PUSCH resources) for reporting / transmitting the indication.

[0252] The UL resource may vary depending on the event / associated functionality ID / model ID / association ID.

[0253] The format for indicating the UL resource (e.g., PUCCH format) may be restricted to a specific format (e.g., PUCCH format 0 / 1).

[0254] Figure 8 is a diagram showing an example of Alt3. As shown in Figure 8, when a specific condition is met and the UE triggers the reporting of the monitoring output, the UE reports / sends an instruction to report the monitoring output to the gNB.

[0255] Furthermore, the UE reports / transmits the monitoring output using the indicated / scheduled UL resources.

[0256] In the above-mentioned Alt1, the gNB must always prepare / reserve UL resources to report the monitoring output. On the other hand, in Alt2 / 3, it is sufficient to prepare / reserve UL resources only when requested / instructed. Therefore, the gNB does not need to perform blind decoding when receiving the monitoring output. As a result, it is possible to reduce the processing load on the gNB.

[0257] According to this embodiment, the UE can appropriately control the content of the monitoring output / report trigger / report behavior.

[0258] By applying the first to fourth embodiments described above, the LCM procedure becomes sufficiently clear, and the UE can appropriately control various AI-based predictions. As a result, it is possible to appropriately reduce overhead, estimate channels, and utilize resources, and it is expected that communication throughput and communication quality will be improved.

[0259] <Supplementary Information> <<Notification of Information from UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE [to the NW] (in other words, transmission / report of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0260] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID, which is not defined in existing standards, in the MAC subheader.

[0261] If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0262] Furthermore, any information in the above-described embodiments may be notified from the UE periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0263] <<Regarding Application of Each Embodiment>> In a UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the above-mentioned embodiments may be applied (used) when one or more of the following conditions are met: - a higher layer parameter indicating the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is configured; - the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on related higher layer parameters; - the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is specified / activated / triggered by a MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resource / channel / RS; - a specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is reported or supported; - the application of the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0264] The specific UE capability may indicate at least one of the following: - Support for the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information - Support for LCM in the UE side model - Support for UE assisted performance monitoring - Support for beam prediction / CSI prediction / cell prediction using AI / ML [UE side] model - Specific parameters supported (parameters for calculating performance indicators) - Maximum value of the specific parameter - Monitoring output to be reported.

[0265] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, a band, a band combination, a BWP, a component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0266] Furthermore, the specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied to all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0267] If the above conditions are not met, the UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0268] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplemented with respect to an embodiment (first to fourth embodiments) of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal comprising: a control unit that calculates a performance indicator for a specific prediction using a terminal-side model; and a transmission unit that reports a specific prediction result based on the performance indicator, wherein the control unit calculates the performance indicator based on a measured value or a predicted value determined by a parameter that indicates resource configuration or a reporting configuration of the prediction result. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the control unit calculates a processed performance indicator based on one or multiple performance indicators at different timings. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the control unit performs a check for a specific condition based on the performance indicator or the processed performance indicator. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Supplements 1 to 3, wherein the control unit controls triggering of a report of the specific prediction result based on the performance indicator or the processed performance indicator, and includes the performance indicator or the processed performance indicator in a monitoring output when a specific condition is met to trigger the report.

[0269] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0270] 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0271] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0272] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (Master Node (MN)), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (Secondary Node (SN)). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0273] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0274] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The location, number, shape, size, etc. of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as the base station 10.

[0275] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize multi-input multi-output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or may be formed by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called, for example, a supercell) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called, for example, subcells). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell with a quasi-static / dynamically variable physical range. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0276] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CCs) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0277] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band higher than 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

[0278] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0279] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0280] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0281] The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). A single network node may provide multiple functions. Communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may also be performed via the DN.

[0282] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0283] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the wireless communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0284] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (e.g., other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0285] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0286] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), or the like may be used as an uplink channel.

[0287] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a radio unit (RU), a distributed unit (DU), and a central unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level functions of the physical layer (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level functions of the physical layer (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement the functions of the PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer.

[0288] In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may include a single device that realizes all of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU, or may include multiple devices that each realize some of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may be interchangeably read as RU / DU / CU.

[0289] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, a System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit a Master Information Block (MIB).

[0290] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0291] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as a UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be replaced with DL data, and the PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.

[0292] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources for searching for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0293] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," "CORESET configuration," and the like in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0294] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0295] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0296] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

[0297] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as a reference signal.

[0298] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or the like may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0299] (Base Station) Fig. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0300] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0301] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0302] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0303] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0304] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be configured from a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be configured from a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be configured from a reception processing unit 1212, the RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0305] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0306] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0307] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0308] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0309] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0310] The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

[0311] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 130.

[0312] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0313] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0314] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0315] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0316] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a radio unit (RU), a distributed unit (DU), and a central unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level functions of the physical layer (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level functions of the physical layer (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement the functions of the PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer.

[0317] In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may include a single device that realizes all of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU, or may include multiple devices that each realize some of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may be interchangeably read as RU / DU / CU.

[0318] The transceiver 120 may transmit parameters instructing resource configuration for calculating a performance index for a specific prediction using a terminal-side model or reporting configuration for a prediction result, and may receive a specific prediction result based on a performance index calculated based on a measured value or a predicted value determined by the parameters.

[0319] (User Terminal) Fig. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal 20 may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0320] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0321] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0322] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0323] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0324] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0325] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0326] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0327] The transceiver unit 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0328] The transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0329] The transmitter / receiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0330] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and if not, it may not be necessary to perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0331] The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

[0332] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

[0333] The transceiver unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

[0334] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0335] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0336] The transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0337] The control unit 210 may perform at least part of the processing of the control unit in the above appendix.

[0338] The transceiver unit 220 may perform at least part of the processing of the transmitter / receiver unit in the above appendix.

[0339] (Hardware Configuration) Note that the block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0340] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0341] For example, a base station, a user terminal, or the like according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, and the like.

[0342] In the present disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be used interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0343] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0344] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0345] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transceiver unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0346] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be implemented in a similar manner.

[0347] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EEPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory, etc. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0348] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0349] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0350] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0351] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0352] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using this hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0353] In addition, the devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be realized by the above-mentioned functional block / hardware configuration.

[0354] (Modifications) Note that terms described in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0355] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0356] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0357] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

[0358] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0359] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0360] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0361] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0362] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0363] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0364] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0365] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0366] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0367] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI, each of which may be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0368] In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0369] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0370] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0371] The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0372] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0373] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0374] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0375] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0376] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0377] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0378] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0379] With respect to any information (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) described in the present disclosure, even if not specifically stated in the above embodiments, any first device (e.g., UE / base station) may notify any second device (e.g., base station / UE) of information indicating / specifying (or relating to) the value of the any information.

[0380] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0381] Note that the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, such as an RRC Connection Setup message or an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0382] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0383] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0384] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0385] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0386] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0387] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0388] In the present disclosure, the term "antenna port" may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the term "resource" may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Furthermore, the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0389] The group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0390] In addition, in the present disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0391] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0392] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) property," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0393] In the present disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interchangeable.

[0394] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. The "spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable with "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. The TCI state and the TCI may be interchangeable. The spatial relationship information and the spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

[0395] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0396] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within that coverage.

[0397] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0398] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0399] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0400] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0401] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0402] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0403] 13 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0404] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.

[0405] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (for example, an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0406] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0407] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0408] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0409] The driving assistance system unit 64 includes various devices for providing functions to prevent accidents and reduce the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0410] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0411] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0412] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0413] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0414] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0415] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a sidelink channel.

[0416] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0417] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc.), or a combination thereof.

[0418] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0419] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802. The present invention may be applied to systems that use IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0420] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0421] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0422] The term "determining," as used in this disclosure, may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0423] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0424] Furthermore, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" some kind of action. In the present disclosure, "determination" may be read interchangeably with the above-mentioned actions.

[0425] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" may be interchangeably read as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interchangeably read as "assumes not to do...."

[0426] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ..." or "do ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ..." or "does not ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0427] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0428] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0429] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0430] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0431] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0432] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0433] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with "i-th" (i is an arbitrary integer) attached (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable with "i-th highest").

[0434] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0435] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may also be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after a time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0436] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0437] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A terminal comprising: a control unit that calculates a performance indicator for a specific prediction using a terminal-side model; and a transmission unit that reports a specific prediction result based on the performance indicator, wherein the control unit calculates the performance indicator based on a measured or predicted value determined by a parameter that indicates resource configuration or prediction result reporting configuration.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit calculates the processed performance index based on one or more performance indexes with different timings.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit performs a check of a specific condition based on the performance indicator or the processed performance indicator.

4. The terminal of claim 1, wherein the control unit controls triggering of a report of the specific prediction result based on the performance indicator or the processed performance indicator, and includes the performance indicator or the processed performance indicator in a monitoring output when a specific condition is met to trigger the report.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising: a step of calculating a performance indicator for a specific prediction using a terminal-side model; and a step of reporting a specific prediction result based on the performance indicator, wherein the terminal calculates the performance indicator based on a measured or predicted value determined by a parameter indicating resource configuration or prediction result reporting configuration.

6. A base station having: a transmitting unit that transmits parameters instructing resource settings or prediction result reporting settings for calculating a performance indicator for a specific prediction using a terminal-side model; and a receiving unit that receives a specific prediction result using a performance indicator calculated based on a measurement value or a predicted value determined by the parameters.

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