Printed circuit board crushing, separating and recycling apparatus having cooling water circulation

Abstract

A printed circuit board crushing, separating and recycling apparatus having cooling water circulation, comprising a rotary crusher (A), a magnetic separation belt (B), and a flotation and centrifugal separation device (C). The rotary crusher (A) uses a shearing rotary crushing hammer that mainly splits and crushes to impact and crush, and a sieve plate is disposed at the lower part of a rotor of the rotary crusher (A), particles in the crushed material smaller than the sieve plate size being able to be discharged by means of the sieve plate. In the material discharged by means of the sieve plate, magnetic material is conveyed by the magnetic separation belt (B), which has a built-in magnetic induction apparatus, to a magnetic material zone (9) for recovery, while non-magnetic metallic and non-metallic particles are conveyed to a non-magnetic material zone (8) to continue flotation based on density differences, to achieve material recovery and separation. The printed circuit board crushing, separating and recycling apparatus is equipped with cooling water circulation, which can control the internal temperature of a crushing chamber of the rotary crusher (A) during a crushing process, so as to prevent partial pyrolysis of resin components and the generation of brominated hydrocarbons, benzene and phenolic compounds. In addition, it can also prevent dust generation during the crushing process, thereby avoiding secondary pollution.

Description

A printed circuit board crushing and separating recycling device with cooling water circulation TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of printed circuit board crushing and separating, and particularly relates to a printed circuit board crushing and separating recycling device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The continuous progress of technology shortens the life cycle of electronic products. At the same time, the rapid development of the market and the scrapping of electronic products have made people have higher and greater demands on electronic equipment, resulting in a large amount of waste household appliances and electronic products. Discarded printed circuit boards (PCBs) are produced in large quantities as core components of electronic products. The annual waste household appliance recycling amount in China is about 1.1 million tons. Among them, the mass fraction of PCBs is 3%.

[0003] The typical components of PCBs are non-metals (i.e. plastics, resins, glass fibers, etc.) <50%, copper ~20%, solder ~4%, ferrite ~8%, nickel ~2%, silver ~0.9%, gold ~0.045%, etc. However, the recycling process of waste PCBs causes heavy metal pollution and organic pollution by using methods such as pickling and open-air incineration. TECHNICAL PROBLEM

[0004] In order to avoid resource waste and various types of pollution, it is necessary to adopt a mixed process including crushing, magnetic separation, high-voltage electrostatic separation, vacuum gasification condensation, electrolysis and biological leaching, etc. to treat PCBs. Among them, the crushing in the first step determines whether the subsequent steps are effective. Through in-depth exploration of its principle and optimization of parameters, high-efficiency and high-recovery-rate separation and recovery of metals and non-metals can be realized.

[0005] However, in the crushing process, the temperature in the crushing cavity can reach 300-350℃, and the resin component will partially pyrolyze to produce brominated hydrocarbons, benzene and phenols. Most of the organic compounds in the product have a foul odor and strong toxicity. In addition, dust will be generated during the crushing process, causing secondary pollution. Therefore, a condensate water system is used to reduce the temperature to avoid the generation and diffusion of pollutants.

[0006] Therefore, after analyzing the deficiencies of the existing crushing and separating recycling device, on the basis of systematic study of the existing waste PCBs recycling device, a printed circuit board crushing and separating recycling device with cooling water circulation is developed. TECHNICAL SOLUTION

[0007] The present application provides a printed circuit board crushing and separating recycling device with cooling water circulation to solve the above problems.

[0008] The technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: firstly, the gyratory crusher adopts the shear type gyratory crushing tooth roller mainly for splitting and crushing, a sieve plate is arranged at the lower part of the rotor, and the particles smaller than the sieve mesh size in the crushed material can be discharged through the sieve plate. Among these materials, the magnetic materials are transported to the magnetic material recovery bin by the magnetic separation belt with the attached magnetic induction device, and the non-magnetic metal and non-metal particles are transported to the non-magnetic material bin to continue to use the density difference to realize the flotation and centrifugal separation for the recovery and separation of the materials. The printed circuit board crushing and separating recovery device with cooling water circulation mainly comprises the following parts: 1, a gyratory crusher; 2, a magnetic separation belt; 3, a flotation and centrifugal separation device. A, B and C in the drawings respectively represent each part, and the accessory description of each part is shown in the following content.

[0009] Further, the gyratory crusher contains a bushing, cooling water, a tooth roller and an anti-impact plate, which play the roles of restraining the material, cooling the material and stirring the crushed material. The gyratory crusher mainly uses the tooth roller made of special weather-resistant steel to rotate at high speed to split and crush the material. The surface of the tooth roller is serrated, which mainly plays the roles of splitting and tearing the printed circuit board material entering the gyratory crusher, and also has the role of extruding and grinding. The crushing teeth on the tooth roller are arranged in a spiral shape, small particles in the printed circuit board material can easily pass through the gap between the tooth rollers, and large blocks are crushed into small particles by the shearing and stretching force of the tooth roller. The discharged small particle material enters the next magnetic separation belt for magnetic separation. The cavity height of the gyratory crusher is 0.5-1.8 m, the maximum feeding diameter can reach 400 mm, the main shaft is driven by hydraulic transmission, so it can work continuously. The internal rotation speed of the gyratory crusher can be adjusted in the range of 100-500 rpm, and the rotation speed can be adjusted to adapt to the change of the size of the material during the cutting process.

[0010] Further, the magnetic separation belt can rotate at a certain speed under the action of an external magnetic field. The small particles discharged from the gyratory crusher are adsorbed by the magnetic material under the action of the external magnetic stirring coil, so as to separate the magnetic material from the non-magnetic material. The separated magnetic material enters the magnetic material recovery area, and the non-magnetic material enters the next non-magnetic material area for flotation and centrifugal separation. The magnetic separation belt comprises an outer belt and an internal coil. The outer belt plays the role of transporting the material, and the internal coil generates magnetism by passing current to separate the magnetic material, so that the magnetic material and the non-magnetic material enter the magnetic material recovery area and the non-magnetic material area respectively. The magnetic separation belt is made of thin layer rubber, which can prolong the service life without affecting the magnetic force compared with the polyurethane and nylon belts.

[0011] Further, the floatation and centrifugal separation device, the non-magnetic material separated by the magnetic separation belt enters the floatation and centrifugal separation device, and due to the different densities, air or nitrogen is blown into the liquid in the floatation and centrifugal separation device to generate bubbles, and the liquid is centrifuged, so that the components (mainly non-metal solid particles) to be separated and enriched in the liquid are adsorbed on the bubbles and float to the liquid surface, and are separated from the mother liquor and high-density non-magnetic metal particles. Advantages

[0012] The advantages of the present application mainly include the following aspects: 1. Compact design: the integrated processing system is designed compactly, which is very suitable for small environmental protection companies or areas with limited land. 2. Reducing environmental impact: by using a more efficient sewage treatment method, the printed circuit board crushing and separating recycling device with cooling water circulation can reduce the pollution to the environment and reduce the emission of harmful air pollutants. 3. Low energy consumption and high product recovery rate: due to fewer components and very simple design, the integrated system has low overall energy consumption and high product recovery rate of plastic particles and metal particles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0013] Fig. 1 is a printed circuit board crushing and separating recycling device with cooling water circulation according to the present application.

[0014] The labels of the regions in the drawing are as follows: A, rotary crusher, B, magnetic separation belt, C, floatation and centrifugal separation device. The labels of the components are as follows: 1, material, 2, bushing, 3, cooling water, 4, impact protection plate, 5, toothed roller, 6, magnetic separation belt, 7, magnetic stirring coil, 8, non-magnetic material area, 9, magnetic material area, 10, floatation and separation device, 11, non-metal solid particles, 12, non-magnetic metal particles.

[0015] Table 1 is a comparison table of energy consumption and metal recovery rate of the printed circuit board crushing and separating recycling device with cooling water circulation and the traditional printed circuit board crushing-separating-airflow separation-vibration separation-cyclone separation recycling device. Embodiment of the present application

[0016] The present application will be further described below through specific examples. However, the content of the present application is not limited thereto.

[0017] Example 1

[0018] The components in Fig. 1 are installed, and the additional material produced by a factory in Shenzhen is put into the device for separation.

[0019] The printed circuit board crushing and separating recycling device with cooling water circulation in this case occupies an area of only 3.24m 2 , and the cooling water circulating area of the equipment is only 2.3m 2, the stirring speed is 120 rpm, the lower belt speed is 20 rpm, the recovery rate of magnetic iron-nickel particles reaches 99%, and higher recovery rate is required, which can continue to improve the magnetic permeability of electromagnet or add an iron core. The overall equipment can realize uninterrupted operation for 48 hours.

[0020] In the flotation and centrifugal separation of plastic particles and metal non-magnetic particles, the added flotation agent is xanthate, the required centrifugal speed is 350 rpm, and the time is 10 min, which realizes 99.5% recovery of plastic particles and 98% recovery of non-magnetic metal materials. Through more efficient sewage treatment method, the printed circuit board crushing and separation recovery device with cooling water circulation can reduce the pollution to the environment, reduce the emission of harmful air pollutants, and can ensure that the PM2.5 and PM10 pollutants in the treated gas emission can be reduced to 0.001 mg / m 3 . The traditional PCB processing method is generally designed unreasonably, the process is not advanced enough, and the entire processing logistics process is not carried out in a closed state. Any pollution in the production environment will affect the purity of the final product, and in order to meet the environmental protection standards, it also faces the problems of land occupation of more than 10m 2 , high energy consumption, etc. In the traditional printed circuit board crushing-separation-airflow separation-vibration separation-cyclone separation recovery process, the energy consumption can be more than 3 times of the process route of the present patent, and the recovery rate of plastic particles and metal particles can only be guaranteed to reach 89%. The PM2.5 in the gas emission after treatment by the traditional printed circuit board crushing-separation-airflow separation-vibration separation-cyclone separation recovery device is 1.9 mg / m 3 , PM10=2.7 mg / m 3 , the environmental pollution is relatively high.

[0021] Example 2

[0022] The components in FIG. 1 are installed, and the additional materials produced by a factory in Shanghai are put into separation.

[0023] The rotary crusher in this case occupies an area of only 3.24m 2 , the equipment circulating cooling water occupies an area of only 2.3m 2 , the stirring speed is 240 rpm, the lower belt speed is 20 pm, and the recovery rate of magnetic iron-nickel particles reaches 99%. The overall equipment can realize uninterrupted operation for 48 hours.

[0024] In the process of separating plastic particles and non-magnetic metal particles by flotation and centrifugation, the flotation agent added is xanthate, the required centrifugal speed is 300 rpm, and the time is 40 min, which realizes the recovery of 98% of plastic particles and 97% of non-magnetic metal materials. Through a more efficient sewage treatment method, the printed circuit board crushing and separation recycling device with cooling water circulation can reduce the pollution to the environment, reduce the emission of harmful air pollutants, and can ensure that the PM2.5 and PM10 pollutants in the gas emission after treatment can be reduced to 0.001 mg / m 3 The traditional PCB processing method is generally designed unreasonably, the process is not advanced enough, and the entire processing logistics process is not carried out in a closed state. Any pollution in the production environment will affect the purity of the final product. In order to meet the environmental protection standards, it also faces the problems of land occupation of more than 10m 2 , high energy consumption, etc. In the process of using traditional crushing-separation-air flow separation-vibration separation-cyclone separation, the energy consumption needs to be more than 3 times of the process route of the present application, and the recovery rate of plastic particles and metal particles can only be guaranteed to reach 88%. The PM2.5 in the gas emission after treatment of the traditional printed circuit board crushing-separation-air flow separation-vibration separation-cyclone separation recycling device is 1.9 mg / m 3 , PM10=2.7mg / m 3 , the environmental pollution is relatively high.

[0025]

[0026] The above describes one embodiment of the present application in detail, but the content described is only part of the present application and cannot be considered to limit the scope of the present application. Any equivalent changes and improvements made in accordance with the scope of the present application should still belong to the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A printed circuit board crushing, separation, and recycling device with cooling water circulation, the main technical solution of which is as follows: First, the rotary crusher uses a shear-type rotary crushing toothed roller with splitting and crushing as the main method for impact and crushing. A screen plate is set at the bottom of the rotor, and particles smaller than the screen size in the crushed material can be discharged through the screen plate. Among these materials, magnetic materials are transported to the magnetic material recovery bin by a magnetic separation belt with an internal magnetic induction device, while non-magnetic metal and non-metal particles are transported to the non-magnetic material bin, where they continue to be floated using their density difference to achieve material recovery and separation. The printed circuit board crushing, separation, and recycling device with cooling water circulation of the present invention mainly includes the following parts: 1) a rotary crusher; 2) a magnetic separation belt; 3) a flotation and centrifugal separation device.

2. A printed circuit board crushing, separating, and recycling device with cooling water circulation as described in claim 1, wherein the rotary crusher internally includes a bushing, cooling water, toothed rollers, and an impact-resistant plate, serving to constrain, cool, and crush the material. The rotary crusher primarily uses toothed rollers made of special weathering steel to rotate at high speed and split and crush the material. The surfaces of the toothed rollers are serrated, primarily splitting and tearing the printed circuit board material entering the rotary crusher, while also providing compression and grinding crushing. The crushing teeth on the toothed rollers are arranged in a spiral pattern, allowing small particles in the printed circuit board material to easily pass through the gaps between the crushing toothed rollers, while larger pieces are crushed into smaller particles using the shearing and tensile forces of the toothed rollers. The discharged small particles then enter the next step of the magnetic separation belt for magnetic separation. The rotary crusher chamber height is 0.5-1.8m, with a maximum feed diameter of 400mm. The main shaft is hydraulically driven, allowing for continuous operation. The rotary crusher has an internal speed adjustment range of 100-500 rpm. During the crushing process, the speed can be adjusted to adapt to changes in the size of the material during the crushing process.

3. A printed circuit board crushing, separating, and recycling device with cooling water circulation as described in claim 1, wherein the magnetic separation belt can operate at a speed of 10-30 rpm under the action of an external magnetic field. Small particles discharged from the rotary crusher are separated from magnetic materials by the adsorption of magnetic materials by an external magnetic stirring coil. The separated magnetic material enters the magnetic material recycling zone, while the non-magnetic material enters the next non-magnetic material zone for flotation and centrifugal separation. The magnetic separation belt comprises an outer belt and an inner coil. The outer belt serves to transport the material, while the inner coil generates magnetism by passing current through it, separating the magnetic material and non-magnetic material, allowing them to enter the magnetic material recycling zone and the non-magnetic material zone respectively. The magnetic separation belt is made of a thin layer of rubber, which, without affecting the magnetic force, extends its service life compared to polyurethane or nylon belts.

4. The printed circuit board crushing, separation and recycling device with cooling water circulation according to claim 1, wherein the function of the flotation and centrifugal separation device is that, after the non-magnetic material separated by the magnetic separation belt enters, due to the difference in density, and by blowing air or nitrogen into the liquid in the flotation separation device to generate bubbles, while centrifuging the liquid, the component to be separated and enriched in the liquid (mainly non-metallic solid particles) is adsorbed or absorbed on the bubbles and floats to the surface of the liquid, thus separating from the liquid and the high-density non-magnetic metal particles.

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