Ceramic particle

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of ceramic materials, and specifically relates to a ceramic particle. Provided in the present application is a ceramic particle, comprising: zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, cerium oxide, and other rare earth element oxides other than cerium oxide. The ceramic particle can have good mechanical properties, wear resistance, suitable density, sphericity, etc. and thus can be suitable for use as a medium or for preparing composite wear-resistant components, etc.

Description

Ceramic particle TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of ceramic materials, in particular to a ceramic particle. BACKGROUND

[0002] In many industries, it is required to disperse or homogenize (e.g. milling treatment, etc.) liquid and / or solid components (e.g. paint, mineral, ink, dye, etc.). In some other industries, it is required to perform surface treatment (e.g. sand blasting treatment, etc.) on material surface (e.g. metal material, etc.). In these treatment processes, particulate materials are used as media (e.g. milling media, surface treatment media, etc.). These particulate materials are generally required to have good chemical inertness, and are also required to have good mechanical properties, good wear resistance, and suitable density, etc. In order to serve the above-mentioned industries, there is a constant need for particulate materials with further improved performance in the market. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to provide a ceramic particle which can have good mechanical properties, good wear resistance, suitable density, or sphericity, etc., so as to be applicable as media or applicable for preparing composite wear-resistant parts, etc.

[0004] To this end, in one aspect, the present application provides a ceramic particle, comprising:

[0005] zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide, the content of the zirconium oxide and the hafnium oxide being not less than 72 wt.% and not more than 83 wt.% based on the total weight of the ceramic particle;

[0006] cerium oxide, the content of the cerium oxide being not less than 13 wt.% and not more than 21 wt.% based on the total weight of the ceramic particle;

[0007] other rare earth element oxides other than the cerium oxide, the content of the other rare earth element oxides being not less than 0.5 wt.% and not more than 11 wt.% based on the total weight of the ceramic particle.

[0008] In another aspect, the present application provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned ceramic particle, comprising:

[0009] S1: providing a raw material composition according to the components of the above-mentioned ceramic particle, the raw material composition comprising a combination of one or more of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide and / or precursors thereof, cerium oxide and / or precursors thereof, and other rare earth element oxides other than the cerium oxide and / or precursors thereof;

[0010] S2: optionally, forming to provide a green body particle;

[0011] S3: optionally, performing washing treatment and / or drying treatment on the green body particle;

[0012] S4: sintering to provide the ceramic particles described above.

[0013] In another aspect of the application, the use of the ceramic particles described above as inserts in a media or a composite wear part, the media including an abrasive media or a surface treatment media.

[0014] In another aspect of the application, a media is provided, comprising the ceramic particles described above.

[0015] In another aspect of the application, a composite wear part is provided, comprising a metal matrix and an insert, the insert comprising the ceramic particles described above. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] General Definitions and Terms

[0017] All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety unless otherwise indicated.

[0018] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. If there is a conflict between usages of terms in the specification itself and the patentably- significant document(s) incorporated by reference, the usages in the specification shall control.

[0019] Unless otherwise indicated, all percentages, parts, ratios, etc. are by weight. When numerical values are given as ranges or preferred ranges or preferred upper and lower values, it is to be understood that all numerical values falling within the range or preferred range or preferred upper and lower values are specifically disclosed and contemplated, even if they are not explicitly listed. Unless otherwise stated, when a range of values is recited, the stated range is intended to include both the endpoints, and all integers and fractions within the range.

[0020] The terms "about" and "approximately" when used in connection with a numerical value, generally mean that the recited numerical value and all numerical values within experimental error of the recited numerical value (e.g. within a 95% confidence interval of the mean) or within ±10% of the stated numerical value, or within a broader range.

[0021] The terms "comprise", "contain", "have", "hold", or "include" and other variants thereof in the present application are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps. It will be understood by those within the art that, in some instances, the terms "comprise" and "comprising" can be replaced with "consist of" and "consisting of", respectively. The expressions "consisting essentially of" and "consisting of" exclude any element, step or ingredient not specified. The expression "consisting essentially of" means a range of limitation that includes the specified elements, steps or ingredients, plus an optional additional element, step or ingredient, which does not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the claimed subject matter. It will be understood that the expression "comprising" encompasses the expressions "consisting essentially of" and "consisting of".

[0022] Further, the number of components or elements of the present application not previously indicated is not limited to the number of components or elements present. Thus, it is to be understood that one or at least one is to be read as including one or more and the singular word form of the component or element also includes the plural unless the number is obviously a singular.

[0023] The term "ceramic particles" as used herein generally refers to particulate ceramic materials.

[0024] The term "zirconia and hafnia" as used herein generally refers to zirconia and not more than 2 wt.% of hafnia (based on the total weight of zirconia and hafnia). In fact, hafnia is generally chemically inseparable from zirconia and has similar properties, and hafnia is generally naturally present in zirconia resources in not more than 2 wt.% (based on the total weight of zirconia and hafnia). Hafnia is not considered as an impurity in the ceramic particles of the present application. In addition, unless otherwise specified, the term "zirconium" alone in the present application means zirconium and hafnium. For example, when the content of zirconium element alone is mentioned, it also means the total content of zirconium element and hafnium element. For another example, when the content of zirconia alone is mentioned, it also means the total content of zirconia and hafnia.

[0025] The term "crystalline phase" as used herein generally refers to a portion of a material that exhibits a regular ordered arrangement of structure.

[0026] The term "stable zirconia phase" as used herein generally refers to a crystalline phase formed of zirconia and having a crystal structure of tetragonal system, cubic system, etc., which can correspond to tetragonal zirconia phase, cubic zirconia phase, etc., respectively. The stable zirconia phase does not include monoclinic zirconia phase.

[0027] The term "impurity" as used herein generally refers to an unavoidable component introduced together with raw materials in a material.

[0028] The term "hydrothermal treatment" as used herein generally refers to a method of treating other substances in a liquid phase using a high-temperature and high-pressure vapor-liquid two-phase system formed by water at high temperature under a closed condition.

[0029] As used herein, the term "true density" generally refers to the actual mass of solid material per unit volume of a material in an absolutely dense state, excluding internal voids, i.e., the density after removing internal pores or inter-particle voids.

[0030] As used herein, the term "bulk density" generally refers to the mass per unit volume of a granular material when it is freely poured into a container and measured immediately after the pouring is completed.

[0031] As used herein, the term "sphericity" generally refers to a parameter characterizing the shape of a particle, and the closer the shape of a particle to a sphere, the closer the sphericity of the particle to 1.

[0032] As used herein, the term "median particle size" generally refers to the particle size corresponding to the cumulative percentage of 50% of a sample, also referred to as median particle size or D50, etc.

[0033] As used herein, the term "Vickers hardness" generally refers to a parameter characterizing the hardness of a material, which can also be referred to as Vickers hardness or diamond pyramid hardness.

[0034] As used herein, the term "wear resistance" generally refers to the ability of a material to resist wear during friction, abrasion, etc.

[0035] As used herein, the term "precursor" generally refers to a component capable of providing a corresponding oxide in the preparation of the ceramic particle of the present application.

[0036] As used herein, the term "green body particle" generally refers to a granular agglomerate capable of forming a ceramic particle after being subjected to a treatment (e.g., sintering treatment, etc.).

[0037] As used herein, the term "sintering treatment" generally refers to a treatment method for consolidating a green body particle by heat treatment, and the green body particle subjected to the sintering treatment can form a ceramic particle.

[0038] As used herein, the term "medium" generally refers to a substance capable of supporting or carrying a certain form of energy from one point to another.

[0039] As used herein, the term "grinding medium" generally refers to an energy carrier capable of dispersing or homogenizing a material by its own force (e.g., grinding force, etc.), and the applicable treatment process can be, for example, a grinding treatment, etc.

[0040] As used herein, the term "surface treatment medium" generally refers to an energy carrier capable of improving the surface properties of a material by its own force (e.g., impact force, etc.), and the applicable treatment process can be, for example, a sandblasting treatment, etc.

[0041] ceramic particle

[0042] The first aspect of the present application provides a ceramic particle comprising: zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide, cerium oxide and other rare earth element oxides except cerium oxide. The ceramic particle provided by the present application can have suitable contents of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide, cerium oxide and other rare earth element oxides except cerium oxide. The ceramic particle can have good mechanical properties (e.g., average Vickers hardness, etc.), wear resistance, suitable density (e.g., true density, bulk density, etc.), or sphericity, etc., and thus can be suitable for use as a medium (e.g., a grinding medium, a surface treatment medium, etc.) or for use in preparing a composite wear-resistant component, etc.

[0043] In an embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particle described above can comprise oxides. The ceramic particle can have a suitable content of oxides, which can be beneficial for improving the performance of the ceramic particle. For example, the content of oxides in the ceramic particle described above can be not less than about 95 wt.%, not less than about 95.5 wt.%, not less than about 96 wt.%, not less than about 96.5 wt.%, not less than about 97 wt.%, not less than about 97.5 wt.%, not less than about 98 wt.%, not less than about 98.5 wt.%, not less than about 99 wt.%, or not less than about 99.5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particle. For another example, the ceramic particle described above can consist essentially of oxides, based on the total weight of the ceramic particle. Unless otherwise specified, in the present application, the content of oxides (e.g., zirconium oxide (ZrO2), hafnium oxide (HfO2), cerium oxide (CeO2), yttrium oxide (Y2O3), lanthanum oxide (La2O3), neodymium oxide (Nd2O3), praseodymium oxide (Pr6O 11 The content of oxides (e.g., zirconium oxide (ZrO2), hafnium oxide (HfO2), cerium oxide (CeO2), yttrium oxide (Y2O3), lanthanum oxide (La2O3), neodymium oxide (Nd2O3), praseodymium oxide (Pr6O

[0044] In an embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can include zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide. The ceramic particles can have a suitable content of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide, which can be beneficial to improve the performance of the ceramic particles. For example, the ceramic particles described above can have a content of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide of not less than about 72 wt.%, not less than about 72.5 wt.%, not less than about 73 wt.%, not less than about 73.5 wt.%, not less than about 74 wt.%, not less than about 74.5 wt.%, not less than about 75 wt.%, not less than about 75.5 wt.%, not less than about 76 wt.%, not less than about 76.5 wt.%, not less than about 77 wt.%, not less than about 77.5 wt.%, not less than about 78 wt.%, not less than about 78.5 wt.%, not less than about 79 wt.%, not less than about 79.5 wt.%, not less than about 80 wt.%, not less than about 80.5 wt.%, not less than about 81 wt.%, not less than about 81.5 wt.%, or not less than about 82 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. For another example, the ceramic particles described above can have a content of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide of not more than about 83 wt.%, not more than about 82.5 wt.%, not more than about 82 wt.%, not more than about 81.5 wt.%, not more than about 81 wt.%, not more than about 80.5 wt.%, not more than about 80 wt.%, not more than about 79.5 wt.%, not more than about 79 wt.%, not more than about 78.5 wt.%, not more than about 78 wt.%, not more than about 77.5 wt.%, not more than about 77 wt.%, not more than about 76.5 wt.%, not more than about 76 wt.%, not more than about 75.5 wt.%, not more than about 75 wt.%, not more than about 74.5 wt.%, not more than about 74 wt.%, not more than about 73.5 wt.%, or not more than about 73 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In a specific embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can have a content of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide of not less than about 72 wt.% and not more than about 83 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In another specific embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can have a content of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide of not less than about 73 wt.% and not more than about 80 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles.

[0045] In an embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can include cerium oxide. The ceramic particles can have a suitable content of cerium oxide, which can be beneficial to improve the performance of the ceramic particles. For example, the ceramic particles described above can have a content of cerium oxide of not less than about 13 wt.%, not less than about 13.5 wt.%, not less than about 14 wt.%, not less than about 14.5 wt.%, not less than about 15 wt.%, not less than about 15.5 wt.%, not less than about 16 wt.%, not less than about 16.5 wt.%, not less than about 17 wt.%, not less than about 17.5 wt.%, not less than about 18 wt.%, not less than about 18.5 wt.%, not less than about 19 wt.%, not less than about 19.5 wt.%, or not less than about 20 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. For another example, the ceramic particles described above can have a content of cerium oxide of not more than about 21 wt.%, not more than about 20.5 wt.%, not more than about 20 wt.%, not more than about 19.5 wt.%, not more than about 19 wt.%, not more than about 18.5 wt.%, not more than about 18 wt.%, not more than about 17.5 wt.%, not more than about 17 wt.%, not more than about 16.5 wt.%, not more than about 16 wt.%, not more than about 15.5 wt.%, not more than about 15 wt.%, not more than about 14.5 wt.%, or not more than about 14 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In a particular embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can have a content of cerium oxide of not less than about 13 wt.% and not more than about 21 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In another particular embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can have a content of cerium oxide of not less than about 13 wt.% and not more than about 19 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In yet another particular embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can have a content of cerium oxide of not less than about 15.5 wt.% and not more than about 18.5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles.

[0046] In an embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can include other rare earth element oxides in addition to cerium oxide. The ceramic particles can have a suitable content of other rare earth element oxides in addition to cerium oxide, which can be beneficial to improve the performance of the ceramic particles. For example, the other rare earth element oxides in addition to cerium oxide can include a combination of one or more of lanthanum oxide, praseodymium oxide, neodymium oxide, promethium oxide, samarium oxide, europium oxide, gadolinium oxide, terbium oxide, dysprosium oxide, holmium oxide, erbium oxide, thulium oxide, ytterbium oxide, lutetium oxide, scandium oxide, yttrium oxide, etc. For another example, the other rare earth element oxides in addition to cerium oxide can include a combination of one or more of yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, neodymium oxide, praseodymium oxide. For another example, the other rare earth element oxides in addition to cerium oxide can include a combination of one or more of yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, neodymium oxide. For another example, the other rare earth element oxides in addition to cerium oxide can include yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, neodymium oxide, and praseodymium oxide. For another example, the other rare earth element oxides in addition to cerium oxide can consist essentially of yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, neodymium oxide, and praseodymium oxide. For another example, the other rare earth element oxides in addition to cerium oxide can include yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, and neodymium oxide. For another example, the other rare earth element oxides in addition to cerium oxide can consist essentially of yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, and neodymium oxide. For another example, the content of the other rare earth element oxides in addition to cerium oxide in the ceramic particles described above can be no less than about 0.5 wt.%, no less than about 1 wt.%, no less than about 1.5 wt.%, no less than about 2 wt.%, no less than about 2.5 wt.%, no less than about 3 wt.%, no less than about 3.5 wt.%, no less than about 4 wt.%, no less than about 4.5 wt.%, no less than about 5 wt.%, no less than about 5.5 wt.%, no less than about 6 wt.%, no less than about 6.5 wt.%, no less than about 7 wt.%, no less than about 7.5 wt.%, no less than about 8 wt.%, no less than about 8.5 wt.%, no less than about 9 wt.%, no less than about 9.5 wt.%, or no less than about 10 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. For another example, the content of the other rare earth element oxides in addition to cerium oxide in the ceramic particles described above can be no more than about 11 wt.%, no more than about 10.5 wt.%, no more than about 10 wt.%, no more than about 9.5 wt.%, no more than about 9 wt.%, no more than about 8.5 wt.%, no more than about 8 wt.%, no more than about 7.5 wt.%, no more than about 7 wt.%, no more than about 6.5 wt.%, no more than about 6 wt.%, no more than about 5.5 wt.%, no more than about 5 wt.%, no more than about 4.5 wt.%, no more than about 4 wt.%, no more than about 3.5 wt.%, no more than about 3 wt.%, no more than about 2.5 wt.%, no more than about 2 wt.%, or no more than about 1.5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles.In one specific embodiment of this application, the content of rare earth element oxides other than cerium oxide, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be no less than about 0.5 wt.% and no more than about 11 wt.%. In another specific embodiment of this application, the content of rare earth element oxides other than cerium oxide, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be no less than about 3 wt.% and no more than about 7 wt.%. In yet another specific embodiment of this application, the content of rare earth element oxides other than cerium oxide, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be no less than about 3.5 wt.% and no more than about 6 wt.%.

[0047] In one embodiment of this application, the ceramic particles may include yttrium oxide. In another embodiment of this application, the rare earth element oxides other than cerium oxide may include yttrium oxide. The ceramic particles may have a suitable yttrium oxide content, which can help improve the performance of the ceramic particles. For example, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, the yttrium oxide content of the ceramic particles may be not less than about 0.1 wt.%, not less than about 0.3 wt.%, not less than about 0.5 wt.%, not less than about 0.7 wt.%, not less than about 0.9 wt.%, not less than about 1.1 wt.%, not less than about 1.3 wt.%, not less than about 1.5 wt.%, not less than about 1.7 wt.%, not less than about 1.9 wt.%, not less than about 2.1 wt.%, not less than about 2.3 wt.%, not less than about 2.5 wt.%, not less than about 2.7 wt.%, not less than about 2.9 wt.%, or not less than about 3.1 wt.%. For example, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, the yttrium oxide content of the aforementioned ceramic particles may be no greater than about 3.5 wt.%, no greater than about 3.3 wt.%, no greater than about 3.1 wt.%, no greater than about 2.9 wt.%, no greater than about 2.7 wt.%, no greater than about 2.5 wt.%, no greater than about 2.3 wt.%, no greater than about 2.1 wt.%, no greater than about 1.9 wt.%, no greater than about 1.7 wt.%, no greater than about 1.5 wt.%, no greater than about 1.3 wt.%, no greater than about 1.1 wt.%, no greater than about 0.9 wt.%, no greater than about 0.7 wt.%, or no greater than about 0.5 wt.%. In a specific embodiment of this application, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, the aforementioned yttrium oxide content may be no less than about 0.1 wt.% and no greater than about 3.5 wt.%. In another specific embodiment of this application, the content of yttrium oxide, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be not less than about 1.1 wt.% and not more than about 2.9 wt.%.

[0048] In an embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can include lanthanum oxide. In another embodiment of the present application, the rare earth element oxide other than cerium oxide described above can include lanthanum oxide. The ceramic particles can have a suitable content of lanthanum oxide, which can be beneficial to improve the performance of the ceramic particles. For example, the content of lanthanum oxide in the ceramic particles described above can be no less than about 0.1 wt.%, no less than about 0.3 wt.%, no less than about 0.5 wt.%, no less than about 0.7 wt.%, no less than about 0.9 wt.%, no less than about 1.1 wt.%, no less than about 1.3 wt.%, no less than about 1.5 wt.%, no less than about 1.7 wt.%, no less than about 1.9 wt.%, no less than about 2.1 wt.%, no less than about 2.3 wt.%, no less than about 2.5 wt.%, no less than about 2.7 wt.%, no less than about 2.9 wt.%, or no less than about 3.1 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. For another example, the content of lanthanum oxide in the ceramic particles described above can be no more than about 3.5 wt.%, no more than about 3.3 wt.%, no more than about 3.1 wt.%, no more than about 2.9 wt.%, no more than about 2.7 wt.%, no more than about 2.5 wt.%, no more than about 2.3 wt.%, no more than about 2.1 wt.%, no more than about 1.9 wt.%, no more than about 1.7 wt.%, no more than about 1.5 wt.%, no more than about 1.3 wt.%, no more than about 1.1 wt.%, no more than about 0.9 wt.%, no more than about 0.7 wt.%, or no more than about 0.5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In a specific embodiment of the present application, the content of lanthanum oxide described above can be no less than about 0.1 wt.% and no more than about 3.5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In another specific embodiment of the present application, the content of lanthanum oxide described above can be no less than about 0.5 wt.% and no more than about 2.5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles.

[0049] In an embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can include neodymium oxide. In another embodiment of the present application, the rare earth element oxide other than cerium oxide described above can include neodymium oxide. The ceramic particles can have a suitable content of neodymium oxide, which can be beneficial to improve the performance of the ceramic particles. For example, the content of neodymium oxide in the ceramic particles described above can be no less than about 0.1 wt.%, no less than about 0.3 wt.%, no less than about 0.5 wt.%, no less than about 0.7 wt.%, no less than about 0.9 wt.%, no less than about 1.1 wt.%, no less than about 1.3 wt.%, no less than about 1.5 wt.%, no less than about 1.7 wt.%, no less than about 1.9 wt.%, no less than about 2.1 wt.%, no less than about 2.3 wt.%, no less than about 2.5 wt.%, no less than about 2.7 wt.%, no less than about 2.9 wt.%, or no less than about 3.1 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. For another example, the content of neodymium oxide in the ceramic particles described above can be no more than about 3.5 wt.%, no more than about 3.3 wt.%, no more than about 3.1 wt.%, no more than about 2.9 wt.%, no more than about 2.7 wt.%, no more than about 2.5 wt.%, no more than about 2.3 wt.%, no more than about 2.1 wt.%, no more than about 1.9 wt.%, no more than about 1.7 wt.%, no more than about 1.5 wt.%, no more than about 1.3 wt.%, no more than about 1.1 wt.%, no more than about 0.9 wt.%, no more than about 0.7 wt.%, or no more than about 0.5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In a specific embodiment of the present application, the content of neodymium oxide described above can be no less than about 0.1 wt.% and no more than about 3.5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In another specific embodiment of the present application, the content of neodymium oxide described above can be no less than about 0.3 wt.% and no more than about 1.9 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles.

[0050] In an embodiment of the present application, the above-mentioned ceramic particles can include praseodymium oxide. In another embodiment of the present application, the above-mentioned rare earth element oxide other than cerium oxide can include praseodymium oxide. The ceramic particles can have a suitable content of praseodymium oxide, which can be beneficial to improve the performance of the ceramic particles. For example, the above-mentioned ceramic particles can have a content of praseodymium oxide of not less than about 0.05 wt.%, not less than about 0.1 wt.%, not less than about 0.3 wt.%, not less than about 0.5 wt.%, not less than about 0.7 wt.%, not less than about 0.9 wt.%, not less than about 1.1 wt.%, not less than about 1.3 wt.%, not less than about 1.5 wt.%, not less than about 1.7 wt.%, or not less than about 1.9 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. For another example, the above-mentioned ceramic particles can have a content of praseodymium oxide of not more than about 2.0 wt.%, not more than about 1.8 wt.%, not more than about 1.6 wt.%, not more than about 1.4 wt.%, not more than about 1.2 wt.%, not more than about 1.0 wt.%, not more than about 0.8 wt.%, not more than about 0.6 wt.%, not more than about 0.4 wt.%, not more than about 0.2 wt.%, or not more than about 0.1 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In a particular embodiment of the present application, the above-mentioned ceramic particles can have a content of praseodymium oxide of not less than about 0.05 wt.% and not more than about 2.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In another particular embodiment of the present application, the above-mentioned ceramic particles can have a content of praseodymium oxide of not more than about 1.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles.

[0051] In an embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can include alumina. The ceramic particles can have a suitable alumina content, which can be beneficial to improve the performance of the ceramic particles. Generally, the content of alumina in the ceramic particles of the present application should be controlled at a low level as possible, which can be beneficial to improve the performance of the ceramic particles. For example, the content of alumina in the ceramic particles described above can be no less than about 0.05 wt.%, no less than about 0.1 wt.%, no less than about 0.3 wt.%, no less than about 0.5 wt.%, no less than about 0.7 wt.%, no less than about 0.9 wt.%, no less than about 1.1 wt.%, no less than about 1.3 wt.%, no less than about 1.5 wt.%, no less than about 1.7 wt.%, no less than about 1.9 wt.%, no less than about 2.1 wt.%, no less than about 2.3 wt.%, or no less than about 2.5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. For another example, the content of alumina in the ceramic particles described above can be no more than about 5 wt.%, no more than about 4.5 wt.%, no more than about 4 wt.%, no more than about 3.5 wt.%, no more than about 3 wt.%, no more than about 2.5 wt.%, no more than about 2 wt.%, no more than about 1.5 wt.%, no more than about 1 wt.%, no more than about 0.5 wt.%, or no more than about 0.3 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In a specific embodiment of the present application, the content of alumina in the ceramic particles described above can be no more than about 5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In another specific embodiment of the present application, the content of alumina in the ceramic particles described above can be no more than about 2 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In yet another specific embodiment of the present application, the content of alumina in the ceramic particles described above can be no more than about 1 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles.

[0052] In an embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can include other oxides. The ceramic particles can have a suitable content of other oxides, which can be beneficial to improve the performance of the ceramic particles. In the present application, other oxides generally refer to oxides other than the oxides mentioned above, specifically oxides other than zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide, cerium oxide, other rare earth element oxides (e.g., yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, neodymium oxide, praseodymium oxide, etc.) other than cerium oxide, and aluminum oxide. For example, the other oxides can include a combination of one or more of silicon oxide, calcium oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, etc. For another example, the content of the other oxides in the ceramic particles described above can be no more than about 5 wt.%, no more than about 4.5 wt.%, no more than about 4 wt.%, no more than about 3.5 wt.%, no more than about 3 wt.%, no more than about 2.5 wt.%, no more than about 2 wt.%, no more than about 1.5 wt.%, no more than about 1 wt.%, no more than about 0.5 wt.%, or no more than about 0.3 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In a specific embodiment of the present application, the content of the other oxides in the ceramic particles described above can be no more than about 5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In another specific embodiment of the present application, the content of the other oxides in the ceramic particles described above can be no more than about 4 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In yet another specific embodiment of the present application, the content of the other oxides in the ceramic particles described above can be no more than about 3 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles.

[0053] In an embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can include a crystalline phase. The ceramic particles can have a suitable content of the crystalline phase, which can be beneficial to improve the performance of the ceramic particles. For example, the ceramic particles described above can have a content of the crystalline phase of not less than about 95 wt.%, not less than about 95.5 wt.%, not less than about 96 wt.%, not less than about 96.5 wt.%, not less than about 97 wt.%, not less than about 97.5 wt.%, not less than about 98 wt.%, not less than about 98.5 wt.%, not less than about 99 wt.%, or not less than about 99.5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. For another example, the ceramic particles described above can consist essentially of the crystalline phase, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. Unless otherwise specified, in the present application, the content of a crystalline phase or a crystalline structure (e.g., a stable zirconia phase, a tetragonal zirconia phase, a cubic zirconia phase, a monoclinic zirconia phase, etc.) can be obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis method, by using an instrument X’Pert (PANalytical), High Score Plus software and ICDD (The International Centre for Diffraction Data) database, and the specific measurement method can be referred to the Examples section of the present application.

[0054] In an embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can include a stabilized zirconia phase. In another embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can include a crystalline phase, which can include a stabilized zirconia phase. The stabilized zirconia includes a tetragonal zirconia phase and a cubic zirconia phase, for example, the content of the stabilized zirconia phase is the sum of the content of the tetragonal zirconia phase and the content of the cubic zirconia phase. The ceramic particles can have a suitable content of the stabilized zirconia phase, which can be beneficial to improve the performance of the ceramic particles. For example, the content of the stabilized zirconia phase of the ceramic particles described above can be no less than about 85 wt.%, no less than about 86 wt.%, no less than about 87 wt.%, no less than about 88 wt.%, no less than about 89 wt.%, no less than about 90 wt.%, no less than about 91 wt.%, no less than about 92 wt.%, no less than about 93 wt.%, no less than about 94 wt.%, no less than about 95 wt.%, no less than about 96 wt.%, or no less than about 97 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. For another example, the content of the stabilized zirconia phase of the ceramic particles described above can be no less than about 85 wt.%, no less than about 86 wt.%, no less than about 87 wt.%, no less than about 88 wt.%, no less than about 89 wt.%, no less than about 90 wt.%, no less than about 91 wt.%, no less than about 92 wt.%, no less than about 93 wt.%, no less than about 94 wt.%, no less than about 95 wt.%, no less than about 96 wt.%, or no less than about 97 wt.%, based on the total weight of the crystalline phase of the ceramic particles. In a specific embodiment of the present application, the content of the stabilized zirconia phase of the ceramic particles described above can be no less than about 85 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In another specific embodiment of the present application, the content of the stabilized zirconia phase of the ceramic particles described above can be no less than about 85 wt.%, based on the total weight of the crystalline phase of the ceramic particles.

[0055] In an embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can include a tetragonal zirconia phase. In another embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can include a crystalline phase, which can include a tetragonal zirconia phase. In another embodiment of the present application, the stabilized zirconia phase described above can include a tetragonal zirconia phase. The ceramic particles can have a suitable tetragonal zirconia phase, which can be beneficial to improve the performance of the ceramic particles. For example, the ceramic particles described above can have a tetragonal zirconia phase content of not less than about 1 wt.%, not less than about 3 wt.%, not less than about 5 wt.%, not less than about 10 wt.%, not less than about 15 wt.%, not less than about 20 wt.%, not less than about 25 wt.%, not less than about 30 wt.%, not less than about 35 wt.%, not less than about 40 wt.%, not less than about 45 wt.%, not less than about 50 wt.%, not less than about 55 wt.%, not less than about 60 wt.%, not less than about 65 wt.%, not less than about 70 wt.%, not less than about 75 wt.%, not less than about 80 wt.%, not less than about 85 wt.%, not less than about 90 wt.%, or not less than about 95 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. For another example, the ceramic particles described above can have a tetragonal zirconia phase content of not more than about 99 wt.%, not more than about 95 wt.%, not more than about 90 wt.%, not more than about 85 wt.%, not more than about 80 wt.%, not more than about 75 wt.%, not more than about 70 wt.%, not more than about 65 wt.%, not more than about 60 wt.%, not more than about 55 wt.%, not more than about 50 wt.%, not more than about 45 wt.%, not more than about 40 wt.%, not more than about 35 wt.%, not more than about 30 wt.%, not more than about 25 wt.%, not more than about 20 wt.%, not more than about 15 wt.%, not more than about 10 wt.%, or not more than about 5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. For yet another example, the ceramic particles described above can have a tetragonal zirconia phase content of not less than about 1 wt.%, not less than about 3 wt.%, not less than about 5 wt.%, not less than about 10 wt.%, not less than about 15 wt.%, not less than about 20 wt.%, not less than about 25 wt.%, not less than about 30 wt.%, not less than about 35 wt.%, not less than about 40 wt.%, not less than about 45 wt.%, not less than about 50 wt.%, not less than about 55 wt.%, not less than about 60 wt.%, not less than about 65 wt.%, not less than about 70 wt.%, not less than about 75 wt.%, not less than about 80 wt.%, not less than about 85 wt.%, not less than about 90 wt.%, or not less than about 95 wt.%, based on the total weight of the crystalline phase of the ceramic particles.For another example, the ceramic particles can have a content of the cubic zirconia phase that is not greater than about 99 wt.%, not greater than about 95 wt.%, not greater than about 90 wt.%, not greater than about 85 wt.%, not greater than about 80 wt.%, not greater than about 75 wt.%, not greater than about 70 wt.%, not greater than about 65 wt.%, not greater than about 60 wt.%, not greater than about 55 wt.%, not greater than about 50 wt.%, not greater than about 45 wt.%, not greater than about 40 wt.%, not greater than about 35 wt.%, not greater than about 30 wt.%, not greater than about 25 wt.%, not greater than about 20 wt.%, not greater than about 15 wt.%, not greater than about 10 wt.%, or not greater than about 5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the crystalline phases of the ceramic particles.

[0056] In an embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can include a cubic zirconia phase. In another embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can include a crystalline phase, which can include a cubic zirconia phase. In another embodiment of the present application, the stabilized zirconia phase described above can include a cubic zirconia phase. The ceramic particles can have a suitable cubic zirconia phase content, which can be beneficial to improve the performance of the ceramic particles. For example, the ceramic particles described above can have a cubic zirconia phase content of not less than about 1 wt.%, not less than about 3 wt.%, not less than about 5 wt.%, not less than about 10 wt.%, not less than about 15 wt.%, not less than about 20 wt.%, not less than about 25 wt.%, not less than about 30 wt.%, not less than about 35 wt.%, not less than about 40 wt.%, not less than about 45 wt.%, not less than about 50 wt.%, not less than about 55 wt.%, not less than about 60 wt.%, not less than about 65 wt.%, not less than about 70 wt.%, not less than about 75 wt.%, not less than about 80 wt.%, not less than about 85 wt.%, not less than about 90 wt.%, or not less than about 95 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. For another example, the ceramic particles described above can have a cubic zirconia phase content of not more than about 99 wt.%, not more than about 95 wt.%, not more than about 90 wt.%, not more than about 85 wt.%, not more than about 80 wt.%, not more than about 75 wt.%, not more than about 70 wt.%, not more than about 65 wt.%, not more than about 60 wt.%, not more than about 55 wt.%, not more than about 50 wt.%, not more than about 45 wt.%, not more than about 40 wt.%, not more than about 35 wt.%, not more than about 30 wt.%, not more than about 25 wt.%, not more than about 20 wt.%, not more than about 15 wt.%, not more than about 10 wt.%, or not more than about 5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. For yet another example, the ceramic particles described above can have a cubic zirconia phase content of not less than about 1 wt.%, not less than about 3 wt.%, not less than about 5 wt.%, not less than about 10 wt.%, not less than about 15 wt.%, not less than about 20 wt.%, not less than about 25 wt.%, not less than about 30 wt.%, not less than about 35 wt.%, not less than about 40 wt.%, not less than about 45 wt.%, not less than about 50 wt.%, not less than about 55 wt.%, not less than about 60 wt.%, not less than about 65 wt.%, not less than about 70 wt.%, not less than about 75 wt.%, not less than about 80 wt.%, not less than about 85 wt.%, not less than about 90 wt.%, or not less than about 95 wt.%, based on the total weight of the crystalline phase of the ceramic particles.For another example, the ceramic particles can have a content of cubic zirconia phase no greater than about 99 wt.%, no greater than about 95 wt.%, no greater than about 90 wt.%, no greater than about 85 wt.%, no greater than about 80 wt.%, no greater than about 75 wt.%, no greater than about 70 wt.%, no greater than about 65 wt.%, no greater than about 60 wt.%, no greater than about 55 wt.%, no greater than about 50 wt.%, no greater than about 45 wt.%, no greater than about 40 wt.%, no greater than about 35 wt.%, no greater than about 30 wt.%, no greater than about 25 wt.%, no greater than about 20 wt.%, no greater than about 15 wt.%, no greater than about 10 wt.%, or no greater than about 5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles.

[0057] In an embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles can include a monoclinic zirconia phase. In another embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles can include a crystalline phase, and the crystalline phase can include a monoclinic zirconia phase. The ceramic particles can have a suitable content of monoclinic zirconia phase, which can be beneficial to improve the performance of the ceramic particles. For example, the ceramic particles can have a content of monoclinic zirconia phase no greater than about 15 wt.%, no greater than about 14 wt.%, no greater than about 13 wt.%, no greater than about 12 wt.%, no greater than about 11 wt.%, no greater than about 10 wt.%, no greater than about 9 wt.%, no greater than about 8 wt.%, no greater than about 7 wt.%, no greater than about 6 wt.%, no greater than about 5 wt.%, no greater than about 4 wt.%, no greater than about 3 wt.%, no greater than about 2 wt.%, or no greater than about 1 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. For another example, the ceramic particles can have a content of monoclinic zirconia phase no greater than about 15 wt.%, no greater than about 14 wt.%, no greater than about 13 wt.%, no greater than about 12 wt.%, no greater than about 11 wt.%, no greater than about 10 wt.%, no greater than about 9 wt.%, no greater than about 8 wt.%, no greater than about 7 wt.%, no greater than about 6 wt.%, no greater than about 5 wt.%, no greater than about 4 wt.%, no greater than about 3 wt.%, no greater than about 2 wt.%, or no greater than about 1 wt.%, based on the total weight of the crystalline phase of the ceramic particles. In a particular embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles have a content of monoclinic zirconia phase no greater than about 15 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In another particular embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles have a content of monoclinic zirconia phase no greater than about 15 wt.%, based on the total weight of the crystalline phase of the ceramic particles.

[0058] In one embodiment of this application, the ceramic particles can be subjected to hydrothermal treatment to provide hydrothermally treated ceramic particles, which may include a monoclinic zirconia phase. In another embodiment of this application, the ceramic particles can be subjected to hydrothermal treatment to provide hydrothermally treated ceramic particles, which may include a crystalline phase, including a monoclinic zirconia phase. The hydrothermally treated ceramic particles may have a suitable monoclinic zirconia phase content, which can help improve the performance of the ceramic particles. For example, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles after hydrothermal treatment, the content of monoclinic zirconia phase in the aforementioned ceramic particles after hydrothermal treatment may be no greater than about 19 wt.%, no greater than about 18 wt.%, no greater than about 17 wt.%, no greater than about 16 wt.%, no greater than about 15 wt.%, no greater than about 14 wt.%, no greater than about 13 wt.%, no greater than about 12 wt.%, no greater than about 11 wt.%, no greater than about 10 wt.%, no greater than about 9 wt.%, no greater than about 8 wt.%, no greater than about 7 wt.%, no greater than about 6 wt.%, no greater than about 5 wt.%, no greater than about 4 wt.%, no greater than about 3 wt.%, no greater than about 2 wt.%, or no greater than about 1 wt.%. For example, based on the total weight of the crystalline phases of the ceramic particles after hydrothermal treatment, the content of the monoclinic zirconia phase in the aforementioned hydrothermally treated ceramic particles may be no greater than about 19 wt.%, no greater than about 18 wt.%, no greater than about 17 wt.%, no greater than about 16 wt.%, no greater than about 15 wt.%, no greater than about 14 wt.%, no greater than about 13 wt.%, no greater than about 12 wt.%, no greater than about 11 wt.%, no greater than about 10 wt.%, no greater than about 9 wt.%, no greater than about 8 wt.%, no greater than about 7 wt.%, no greater than about 6 wt.%, no greater than about 5 wt.%, no greater than about 4 wt.%, no greater than about 3 wt.%, no greater than about 2 wt.%, or no greater than about 1 wt.%. In a specific embodiment of this application, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles after hydrothermal treatment, the content of the monoclinic zirconia phase in the hydrothermally treated ceramic particles is no greater than 19 wt.%. In another specific embodiment of this application, the content of monoclinic zirconia phase in the ceramic particles after hydrothermal treatment is no more than 19 wt.% based on the total weight of the crystalline phase of the ceramic particles. Unless otherwise stated, in this application, a high-pressure hydrothermal reactor can be used to perform hydrothermal treatment on the ceramic particles. For specific methods of hydrothermal treatment, please refer to the Embodiments section of this application.

[0059] In one embodiment of this application, the ceramic particles can have a suitable true density. A suitable true density can help improve the performance of the ceramic particles. For example, the true density of the ceramic particles can be not less than about 6.05 g / cm³. 3not less than about 6.06 g / cm3 3 not less than about 6.07 g / cm3 3 not less than about 6.08 g / cm3 3 not less than about 6.09 g / cm3 3 not less than about 6.10 g / cm3 3 not less than about 6.11 g / cm3 3 not less than about 6.12 g / cm3 3 not less than about 6.13 g / cm3 3 not less than about 6.14 g / cm3 3 For example, the ceramic particles described above can have a true density of not more than about 6.25 g / cm3 3 not more than about 6.23 g / cm3 3 not more than about 6.21 g / cm3 3 not more than about 6.19 g / cm3 3 not more than about 6.17 g / cm3 3 not more than 6.15 g / cm3 3 not more than about 6.13 g / cm3 3 In an embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can have a true density of not less than about 6.10 g / cm3and not more than about 6.25 g / cm3. Unless otherwise specified, in the present application, the true density of the ceramic particles can be measured according to ISO 12154:2014, and the specific measurement method can be found in the Examples section of the present application.

[0060] In an embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can have a suitable apparent density. A suitable apparent density can be beneficial to improve the performance of the ceramic particles. For example, the ceramic particles described above can have an apparent density of not less than about 3.0 g / cm3 3 not less than about 3.05 g / cm3 3 not less than about 3.1 g / cm3 3 not less than about 3.15 g / cm3 3 not less than about 3.2 g / cm3 3 not less than about 3.25 g / cm3 3 not less than about 3.3 g / cm3 3 not less than about 3.35 g / cm3 3 not less than about 3.4 g / cm3 3 not less than about 3.45 g / cm3 3 not less than about 3.5 g / cm3 3 not less than about 3.55 g / cm3 3 not less than about 3.6 g / cm3 3 not less than about 3.65 g / cm3 3, not less than about 3.7 g / cm 3 , not less than about 3.75 g / cm 3 , or not less than about 3.8 g / cm 3 . In one embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles can have a loose bulk density of not less than about 3.0 g / cm 3 . In another embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles can have a loose bulk density of not less than about 3.6 g / cm 3 . In the present application, the loose bulk density of the ceramic particles can be measured according to GB / T 20316.1-2009, and the inner diameter of the cylindrical discharge port should be selected based on the D50 of the sample to be tested. The specific measurement method can be found in the examples section of the present application.

[0061] In an embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can have a suitable sphericity. A suitable sphericity can be beneficial to improve the performance of the ceramic particles. For example, not less than 85% of the ceramic particles described above can have a sphericity of not less than about 0.8, not less than about 0.81, not less than about 0.82, not less than about 0.83, not less than about 0.84, not less than about 0.85, not less than about 0.86, not less than about 0.87, not less than about 0.88, not less than about 0.89, not less than about 0.9, not less than about 0.91, not less than about 0.92, not less than about 0.93, not less than about 0.94, or not less than about 0.95, based on the total number of the ceramic particles. For another example, not less than 90% of the ceramic particles described above can have a sphericity of not less than about 0.8, not less than about 0.81, not less than about 0.82, not less than about 0.83, not less than about 0.84, not less than about 0.85, not less than about 0.86, not less than about 0.87, not less than about 0.88, not less than about 0.89, not less than about 0.9, not less than about 0.91, not less than about 0.92, not less than about 0.93, not less than about 0.94, or not less than about 0.95, based on the total number of the ceramic particles. For another example, not less than 95% of the ceramic particles described above can have a sphericity of not less than about 0.8, not less than about 0.81, not less than about 0.82, not less than about 0.83, not less than about 0.84, not less than about 0.85, not less than about 0.86, not less than about 0.87, not less than about 0.88, not less than about 0.89, not less than about 0.9, not less than about 0.91, not less than about 0.92, not less than about 0.93, not less than about 0.94, or not less than about 0.95, based on the total number of the ceramic particles. In a specific embodiment of the present application, not less than about 85% of the ceramic particles described above can have a sphericity of not less than about 0.8, based on the total number of the ceramic particles. Unless otherwise specified, in the present application, the sphericity of the ceramic particles can be measured by a HAVER CPA 2-1 HR device and the matching software HAVER CpaServ of Haver & Boecker, Germany, according to ISO 13322-2, and the specific measurement method can be found in the Examples section of the present application.

[0062] In an embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can have a suitable median particle size. A suitable median particle size can be beneficial to improve the performance of the ceramic particles. For example, the ceramic particles described above can have a median particle size of not less than about 0.1 mm, not less than about 0.3 mm, not less than about 0.5 mm, not less than about 0.7 mm, not less than about 0.9 mm, not less than about 1.1 mm, not less than about 1.3 mm, not less than about 1.5 mm, not less than about 1.7 mm, not less than about 1.9 mm, not less than about 2.1 mm, not less than about 2.3 mm, or not less than about 2.5 mm. For another example, the ceramic particles described above can have a median particle size of not more than about 10 mm, not more than about 9.5 mm, not more than about 9 mm, not more than about 8.5 mm, not more than about 8 mm, not more than about 7.5 mm, not more than about 7 mm, not more than about 6.5 mm, not more than about 6 mm, not more than about 5.5 mm, not more than about 5 mm, not more than about 4.5 mm, not more than about 4 mm, not more than about 3.5 mm, not more than about 3 mm, not more than about 2.8 mm, not more than about 2.6 mm, not more than about 2.4 mm, not more than about 2.2 mm, not more than about 2 mm, not more than about 1.8 mm, not more than about 1.6 mm, not more than about 1.4 mm, not more than about 1.2 mm, not more than about 1.0 mm, not more than about 0.8 mm, or not more than about 0.6 mm. In a particular embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above have a median particle size of not less than about 0.1 mm and not more than about 3.0 mm. Unless otherwise specified, in the present application, the median particle size of the ceramic particles can be obtained based on the volume percentage by means of a HAVER CPA 2-1 HR device and a matching software HAVER CpaServ of Germany Haver & Boecker Company, and in accordance with ISO 13322-2. The specific measurement method can be found in the example section of the present application.

[0063] In an embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can have a suitable average Vickers hardness. A suitable average Vickers hardness can be beneficial to improve the performance of the ceramic particles. For example, the ceramic particles described above can have an average Vickers hardness of not less than about 1100 hv, not less than about 1105 hv, not less than about 1110 hv, not less than about 1115 hv, not less than about 1120 hv, not less than about 1125 hv, not less than about 1130 hv, not less than about 1135 hv, not less than about 1140 hv, not less than about 1145 hv, not less than about 1150 hv, not less than about 1155 hv, not less than about 1160 hv, not less than about 1165 hv, not less than about 1170 hv, not less than about 1175 hv, not less than about 1180 hv, not less than about 1185 hv, not less than about 1190 hv, not less than about 1195 hv, not less than about 1200 hv, not less than about 1205 hv, not less than about 1210 hv, not less than about 1215 hv, not less than about 1220 hv, not less than about 1225 hv, not less than about 1230 hv, not less than about 1235 hv, not less than about 1240 hv, or not less than about 1245 hv. In a specific embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above have an average Vickers hardness of not less than about 1100 hv. In another specific embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above have an average Vickers hardness of not less than about 1150 hv. Unless otherwise specified, in the present application, the average Vickers hardness of the ceramic particles can be measured by a Vickers hardness tester according to “Standard Test Method for Vickers Indentation Hardness of Advanced Ceramics” 1C1327-15 (2019). DOI: 10.1520 / C1327-15R19, and the specific measurement method can be referred to the example section of the present application.

[0064] In an embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles described above can have suitable wear resistance. Suitable wear resistance can be beneficial to improve the performance of the ceramic particles. For example, the ceramic particles described above can have a wear resistance of not more than about 1.0%, not more than about 0.95%, not more than about 0.9%, not more than about 0.85%, not more than about 0.8%, not more than about 0.75%, not more than about 0.7%, not more than about 0.65%, not more than about 0.6%, not more than about 0.55%, not more than about 0.5%, not more than about 0.45%, not more than about 0.4%, not more than about 0.35%, not more than about 0.3%, not more than about 0.25%, not more than about 0.2%, not more than about 0.15%, or not more than about 0.1%. In a specific embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles have a wear resistance of not more than about 1.0%. In another specific embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles have a wear resistance of not more than about 0.5%. In yet another specific embodiment of the present application, the ceramic particles have a wear resistance of not more than about 0.35%. Unless otherwise specified, the wear resistance of the ceramic particles in the present application can be measured using a planetary mill apparatus, and the specific measurement method can be found in the Examples section of the present application.

[0065] Raw material composition

[0066] The second aspect of the present application provides a raw material composition for preparing the ceramic particles provided in the first aspect of the present application. The raw material composition can include the oxides included in the ceramic particles described above and / or precursors thereof which can form the corresponding oxides thereof after being subjected to a treatment (e.g., a sintering treatment, etc.). For example, the raw material composition described above can include a combination of one or more of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide and / or precursors thereof, cerium oxide and / or precursors thereof, other rare earth element oxides other than cerium oxide and / or precursors thereof. Each oxide in the ceramic particles described above is generally derived from each oxide and / or precursors thereof corresponding thereto in the raw material composition, so the formulation of the raw material composition can be adjusted according to the content of each oxide in the ceramic particles to be prepared. For example, one or more raw materials can be calcined (e.g., at 1000°C), and the content of each oxide in the product obtained by calcination can be measured using X-ray fluorescence analysis to calculate the amount of each oxide in the ceramic particles that can be provided by a unit mass of the raw material (e.g., 100g of the raw material), so each raw material can be proportioned according to the target content of each oxide in the ceramic particles described above to provide the raw material composition.

[0067] In an embodiment of the present application, the raw material composition can include zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide or precursors thereof, which can form the corresponding oxides (i.e., zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide) in the ceramic particles after being subjected to a process (e.g., a sintering process, etc.). As described above, zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide in the ceramic particles are a main component, and each raw material can be proportioned appropriately according to a target content of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide in the ceramic particles. For example, zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide and / or precursors thereof in the raw material composition can be derived from a zirconium-containing material. For another example, the zirconium-containing material can include zircon sand, etc. For another example, the zirconium-containing material can be used as it is after being optionally calcined to provide zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide and / or precursors thereof in the raw material composition.

[0068] In an embodiment of the present application, the raw material composition can include cerium oxide or a precursor thereof, which can form the corresponding oxide (i.e., cerium oxide) in the ceramic particles after being subjected to a process (e.g., a sintering process, etc.). As described above, cerium oxide in the ceramic particles is a main component, and each raw material can be proportioned appropriately according to a target content of cerium oxide in the ceramic particles. For example, cerium oxide and / or a precursor thereof in the raw material composition can be derived from a cerium-containing material. For another example, the cerium-containing material can include rare earth, etc. For another example, the cerium-containing material can be used as it is after being optionally calcined to provide cerium oxide and / or a precursor thereof in the raw material composition.

[0069] In an embodiment of the present application, the raw material composition can include other rare earth element oxides than cerium oxide or precursors thereof, which can form the corresponding oxides (i.e., other rare earth element oxides than cerium oxide) in the ceramic particles after being subjected to a process (e.g., a sintering process, etc.). As described above, other rare earth element oxides than cerium oxide in the ceramic particles are a main component, and each raw material can be proportioned appropriately according to a target content of other rare earth element oxides than cerium oxide in the ceramic particles. For example, other rare earth element oxides than cerium oxide and / or precursors thereof in the raw material composition can be derived from a material containing the corresponding element. For another example, the material containing the corresponding element can include rare earth, etc. For another example, the material containing the corresponding element can be used as it is after being optionally calcined to provide other rare earth element oxides than cerium oxide or precursors thereof in the raw material composition.

[0070] In an embodiment of the present application, the raw material composition described above can further include water and / or a dispersant. The raw material composition described above can be a slurry, which can include raw materials dispersed in water, which can include one or more of a combination of zirconia and hafnia or a precursor thereof, ceria or a precursor thereof, other rare earth element oxides or a precursor thereof, and the like. The raw material composition described above can optionally be formed to provide a green body particle. The ceramic particle of the present application needs to have a suitable morphology (e.g., median particle size, sphericity, and the like), which is closely related to the morphology of the green body particle (i.e., a particle that has not undergone a sintering process), and the morphology of the green body particle is adjustable, for example, by adjusting the content of water and / or a dispersant, the type of dispersant, and the like, to adjust the water content, the dispersibility of the materials, and the like, of the raw material composition, so that the raw composition can be formed to provide a suitable morphology of the green body particle. For example, the content of water in the raw material composition described above can be not less than about 15 wt.%, not less than about 20 wt.%, not less than about 25 wt.%, not less than about 30 wt.%, not less than about 35 wt.%, or not less than about 40 wt.%, based on the total weight of the raw material composition. For another example, the content of water in the raw material composition described above can be not more than about 50 wt.%, not more than about 45 wt.%, not more than about 40 wt.%, not more than about 35 wt.%, not more than about 30 wt.%, or not more than about 25 wt.%, based on the total weight of the raw material composition. For yet another example, the content of the dispersant in the raw material composition described above can be not less than about 0.5 wt.%, not less than about 1 wt.%, not less than about 2 wt.%, not less than about 4 wt.%, not less than about 6 wt.%, or not less than about 8 wt.%, based on the total weight of the raw material composition. For yet another example, the content of the dispersant in the raw material composition described above can be not more than about 10 wt.%, not more than about 8 wt.%, not more than about 6 wt.%, not more than about 4 wt.%, not more than about 2 wt.%, or not more than about 1 wt.%, based on the total weight of the raw material composition. For yet another example, the dispersant described above can include one or more of a combination of an organic dispersant, an inorganic dispersant, and the like. For yet another example, the organic dispersant described above can include a carboxylate salt, and the like. For yet another example, the inorganic dispersant described above can include an inorganic phosphate salt, and the like.

[0071] Preparation method

[0072] The third aspect of the present application provides a preparation method of the ceramic particle provided by the first aspect of the present application.

[0073] In an embodiment of the present application, the method for preparing the ceramic particles can include providing a raw material composition according to the second aspect of the present application, which can include a combination of one or more of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide or a precursor thereof, cerium oxide or a precursor thereof, another rare earth element oxide or a precursor thereof other than cerium oxide, etc., which can form the corresponding oxide after being subjected to a treatment (e.g., a sintering treatment, etc.). Each oxide in the ceramic particles can generally originate from the corresponding oxide and / or a precursor thereof in the raw material composition, and thus the raw material composition can be adjusted according to the content of each oxide in the ceramic particles to be prepared.

[0074] In an embodiment of the present application, the method for preparing the ceramic particles can include forming to provide a green particle. The raw material composition can be formed by a forming process to provide the green particle. The morphology of the ceramic particles according to the present application can generally be related to the morphology of the green particle. Generally, a suitable forming process can be selected by one of ordinary skill in the art to provide the green particle from the raw material composition, as desired. For example, the forming process can include a drop forming process, a rolling forming process, etc.

[0075] In an embodiment of the present application, the method for preparing the ceramic particles can include subjecting the green particle to a washing treatment and / or a drying treatment. The green particle provided by the forming process can be further subjected to the washing treatment and / or the drying treatment to provide a green particle subjected to the washing treatment and / or the drying treatment. Generally, a suitable washing treatment and / or drying treatment condition can be selected by one of ordinary skill in the art to subject the green particle to the corresponding treatment, so that the surface of the green particle can be cleaned and the water content in the green particle can be reduced to a suitable level. For example, the drying treatment can be performed at a temperature condition of not less than about 15°C, not less than about 25°C, not less than about 35°C, not less than about 45°C, not less than about 55°C, not less than about 65°C, not less than about 75°C, not less than about 85°C, or not less than about 95°C. For another example, the drying treatment can be performed at a temperature condition of not more than about 120°C, not more than about 110°C, not more than about 100°C, not more than about 90°C, not more than about 80°C, not more than about 70°C, not more than about 60°C, not more than about 50°C, or not more than about 40°C.

[0076] In an embodiment of the present application, the method of making the ceramic particles can include a sintering process to provide the ceramic particles. The particle material (e.g., the green particle, the green particle after being subjected to the drying process, etc.) provided by the above-described steps can be subjected to a sintering process to sinter the particle material to form the ceramic particles. Those skilled in the art can select appropriate sintering conditions to sinter the green particle to provide the ceramic particles. For example, the sintering can be performed at a temperature of not less than about 1000 °C, not less than about 1050 °C, not less than about 1100 °C, not less than about 1150 °C, not less than about 1200 °C, or not less than about 1250 °C. For another example, the sintering can be performed at a temperature of not more than about 1400 °C, not more than about 1350 °C, not more than about 1300 °C, not more than about 1250 °C, or not more than about 1200 °C.

[0077] Abrasive media and abrasive methods

[0078] The fourth aspect of the present application provides a medium, which can be an abrasive medium, including the ceramic particles provided by the first aspect of the present application. For example, the content of the ceramic particles in the abrasive medium can be not less than about 80 wt.%, not less than about 85 wt.%, not less than about 90 wt.%, not less than about 95 wt.%, or not less than about 99 wt.%, based on the total weight of the abrasive medium. Since the object to be processed in the grinding process (e.g., grinding process for paint, mineral (e.g., zinc concentrate, etc.), ink, dye, etc.) has the characteristics of high hardness, etc., the abrasive medium is usually required to have a certain density and high mechanical properties. The ceramic particles provided by the present application can be used as an abrasive medium. The ceramic particles provided by the present application can have good mechanical properties, good wear resistance, and appropriate density, so as to be used as an abrasive medium and be suitable for grinding processes (e.g., wet grinding, etc.).

[0079] The fourth aspect of the present application further provides an abrasive method, including mixing and grinding the object to be processed with the ceramic particles provided by the first aspect of the present application, or with the above-described abrasive medium. For example, the object to be processed can include paint, mineral (e.g., zinc concentrate, etc.), ink, dye, etc.

[0080] Surface treatment medium and sandblasting method

[0081] The fifth aspect of the present application provides a medium, which can be a surface treatment medium, comprising the ceramic particle provided by the first aspect of the present application. For example, the content of the ceramic particle in the surface treatment medium can be not less than about 80 wt.%, not less than about 85 wt.%, not less than about 90 wt.%, not less than about 95 wt.%, or not less than about 99 wt.%, based on the total weight of the surface treatment medium. Surface treatment (for example, surface treatment for metal) generally requires that the surface treatment medium has a certain density, while also requiring high mechanical properties and sphericity. The use of the ceramic particle provided by the present application can include as a surface treatment medium. The ceramic particle provided by the present application can have good mechanical properties, can also have good wear resistance, can also have a suitable density, and can also have a suitable sphericity, so as to be used as a surface treatment medium, and be suitable for surface treatment processes (for example, sand blasting treatment, etc.).

[0082] The fifth aspect of the present application further provides a surface treatment method, comprising: projecting the ceramic particle provided by the first aspect of the present application, or the surface treatment medium described above, to the surface of an application object. For example, the application object can include metal, etc. For another example, the metal involved can include Ti alloy, Al alloy, stainless steel, etc.

[0083] Composite wear-resistant part

[0084] The sixth aspect of the present application provides a composite wear part, which can include a metal matrix and an insert, and the insert can include the ceramic particle provided by the first aspect of the present application. For example, the content of the ceramic particle in the composite wear part can be not less than about 20 v / v%, not less than about 25 v / v%, not less than about 30 v / v%, not less than about 35 v / v%, not less than about 40 v / v%, not less than about 45 v / v%, not less than about 50 v / v%, not less than about 55 v / v%, not less than about 60 v / v%, not less than about 65 v / v%, not less than about 70 v / v%, not less than about 75 v / v%, not less than about 80 v / v%, or not less than about 85 v / v%, based on the total volume of the composite wear part. For another example, the content of the ceramic particle in the composite wear part can be not more than about 90 v / v%, not more than about 85 v / v%, not more than about 80 v / v%, not more than about 75 v / v%, not more than about 70 v / v%, not more than about 65 v / v%, not more than about 60 v / v%, not more than about 55 v / v%, not more than about 50 v / v%, not more than about 45 v / v%, not more than about 40 v / v%, not more than about 35 v / v%, or not more than about 30 v / v%, based on the total volume of the composite wear part. For another example, the content of the metal matrix in the composite wear part can be not less than about 20 v / v%, not less than about 25 v / v%, not less than about 30 v / v%, not less than about 35 v / v%, not less than about 40 v / v%, not less than about 45 v / v%, not less than about 50 v / v%, not less than about 55 v / v%, not less than about 60 v / v%, not less than about 65 v / v%, not less than about 70 v / v%, not less than about 75 v / v%, not less than about 80 v / v%, or not less than about 85 v / v%, based on the total volume of the composite wear part. For another example, the content of the metal matrix in the composite wear part can be not more than about 90 v / v%, not more than about 85 v / v%, not more than about 80 v / v%, not more than about 75 v / v%, not more than about 70 v / v%, not more than about 65 v / v%, not more than about 60 v / v%, not more than about 55 v / v%, not more than about 50 v / v%, not more than about 45 v / v%, not more than about 40 v / v%, not more than about 35 v / v%, or not more than about 30 v / v%, based on the total volume of the composite wear part. For another example, the metal matrix can include an alloy or the like. Larger size wear parts used in grinding equipment, crushing equipment or abrasive material conveying equipment or the like require high overall mechanical properties, as well as high wear resistance and ductility. Since these two properties are difficult to reconcile in the same material, a composite wear part including a metal matrix and an insert has been proposed. The use of the ceramic particle provided by the present application can include the use as the insert for preparing the composite wear part.The ceramic particles provided by the present application can have good mechanical properties, can also have good wear resistance, and can also have a suitable density, so that they can be used as inlays to form a composite wear-resistant part, and the formed composite wear-resistant part can have good wear resistance and ductility at the same time. For example, the above-mentioned composite wear-resistant part can be included in a grinding device, a crushing device, or a device for transporting abrasive materials.

[0085] The scheme of the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with specific examples.

[0086] It should be noted that the following examples are merely examples for clearly illustrating the technical scheme of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made on the basis of the above description, and here it is not necessary and impossible to exhaust all the embodiments, and the changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, the instruments and reagent materials used in the present application are commercially available.

[0087] Example 1

[0088] Sample and control sample

[0089] A zirconium material containing multiple rare earth elements (main components include: ZrO2+HfO2: 40-65 wt.%, CeO2: 30-40 wt.%, Y2O3: 2-8 wt.%, La2O3: 2-7 wt.%, Nd2O3: 2-7 wt.%, Pr6O 11 : ≤5 wt.%, other impurities <2%, based on the total weight of the zirconium material) was subjected to calcination treatment at 1150°C for 3 hours. Subsequently, the obtained material was ground and crushed to a powder with D100 < 250 um to provide a zirconia powder containing multiple rare earth elements.

[0090] Referring to the proportion of raw material composition in Table 1, powder 1 (main components include: ~95wt.% Zr02, based on the total weight of powder 1), the above-mentioned zirconia powder containing multiple rare earth elements, deionized water, and a dispersant (polycarboxylate, 0.5wt.% based on the total weight of other solid materials) are mixed and stirred uniformly to obtain a suspension. The suspension is ground by a sand mill to a qualified particle size, and a slurry with a certain viscosity is obtained after grinding (the slurry D50 is 0.05-0.4um, and the viscosity is 4000-15000cp. The slurry is transported to the needle head by pressure, and the pressure is 0.4-2atm. The slurry is drop cast, the wet bead size is 3.15-3.3mm, and the zirconium bead green body is obtained after drying. The zirconium bead green body is placed in an alumina crucible and placed in a muffle furnace, and the temperature is raised to 1200-1400℃ at a rate of 3℃ / min, and the temperature is kept for 3-7 hours. After the heating stops, the sample is cooled with the furnace and taken out, and sample 1 is obtained.

[0091] Further, samples 2-7 are prepared. The preparation method of samples 2-7 is the same as that of sample 1, except that the weight percentage of the raw material composition (see Table 1).

[0092] Table 1

[0093] The control sample 1 in the example is a commercially available Saint-gobain Zirmil Ce ceramic particle product.

[0094] The control sample 2 in the example is a commercially available Saint-gobain Zirmil Y ceramic particle product.

[0095] Example 2

[0096] Oxide content

[0097] 5g of the sample to be tested is ground into a powder below 200 mesh by a disc mill, 0.8g of the powder is weighed, mixed with 6.4g of Li2B4O7, and the sample is melted to prepare a glass sheet. The content of oxides in each sample is detected by X-ray fluorescence analysis method using XRF Brand PANalytical Model Axios mAX, and the obtained test results are shown in Table 2 (the content of oxides is based on the total weight of the ceramic particles). As shown in Table 2, samples 1-7 all have a certain amount of cerium oxide content, and also have a certain amount of other rare earth element oxide content in addition to cerium oxide. The control sample 1 basically does not contain rare earth element oxides other than cerium oxide, and the control sample 2 basically does not contain CeO2. In addition, the total content of zirconia and hafnium oxide in samples 1-7 is significantly lower than that of the control samples 1 and 2.

[0098] Table 2

[0099] Example 4

[0100] Crystalline phase

[0101] The crystalline phase composition of each sample was detected by X-ray diffraction analysis method. The instrument was X’Pert (PANalytical), and the analysis conditions were from 5° to 170° in 7θ, step of 0.0167°, 50s. The results were analyzed by High Score Plus software and ICDD (The International Centre for Diffraction Data) database. The test results are shown in Table 3 (the content of the crystalline phase is based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, the content of the stabilized zirconia phase and the monoclinic zirconia phase is based on the total weight of the crystalline phase, and the content of the stabilized zirconia phase is the sum of the content of the tetragonal zirconia phase and the content of the cubic zirconia phase). As can be seen from Table 3, the content of the stabilized zirconia phase in sample 4 and sample 5 is relatively low compared with other samples, and each of the other samples and the control sample has a relatively high content of the stabilized zirconia phase and a relatively low content of the monoclinic zirconia phase.

[0102] Table 3

[0103] Example 5

[0104] Hydrothermal treatment

[0105] The beads sample was pretreated by using a high-pressure hydrothermal kettle: 1) 50 g of the beads sample was placed in a 250 ml hydrothermal kettle; 2) 125 ml of deionized water was added; 3) the lid was closed; 4) the temperature was maintained at 140 °C for 24 h; 5) after cooling to room temperature, the beads were taken out and dried in a 70 °C oven for standby. 10 g of the sample to be detected after hydrothermal treatment was detected by X-ray diffraction analysis method to detect the crystal phase composition of each sample, instrument: X’Pert (PANalytical), analysis conditions: from 5° to 170° in 7θ, step of 0.0167°, 50 s. The results were analyzed by High Score Plus software and ICDD (The International Centre for Diffraction Data) database, and the test results are shown in Table 4 (the content of the crystalline phase is based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, the content of the stabilized zirconia phase and the monoclinic zirconia phase is based on the total weight of the crystalline phase, and the content of the stabilized zirconia phase is the sum of the content of the tetragonal zirconia phase and the content of the cubic zirconia phase). As can be seen from Table 4, compared with each sample before hydrothermal treatment, each sample after hydrothermal treatment still has a considerable content of stabilized zirconia phase and monoclinic zirconia phase.

[0106] Table 4

[0107] Example 6

[0108] True density

[0109] The true density of each sample was measured according to the method in ISO12154_2014, and the test results are shown in Table 5. As can be seen from Table 5, samples 1-7 of the present application all have a true density comparable to that of control sample 1, while the true density of control sample 2 is relatively low.

[0110] Table 5

[0111] Lose packed density

[0112] According to GB / T 20316.1-2009, the selection of the inner diameter of the cylindrical discharge port is based on the D50 of the sample to be detected (D50≤1.2 mm, the inner diameter of the cylindrical discharge port is 5 mm; D50>1.2 mm and D50≤1.8 mm, the inner diameter of the cylindrical discharge port is 7 mm; D50>1.8 mm and D50≤2.4 mm, the inner diameter of the cylindrical discharge port is 10 mm; D50>2.4 mm and D50≤3 mm, the inner diameter of the cylindrical discharge port is 13 mm), a certain amount of the sample to be detected was loaded into a fixed container with a volume V, and the mass m of the loaded sample to be detected was weighed’ Bulk density = m ’ V, the test results are shown in Table 6. As can be seen from Table 6, samples 1-7 of the present application all have a bulk density comparable to that of control sample 1, while the bulk density of control sample 2 is relatively low.

[0113] Table 6

[0114] Example 7

[0115] Sphericity

[0116] The sphericity of the samples to be tested was measured and characterized by means of a HAVER CPA 2-1 HR device and the accompanying software HAVER CpaServ of the German company Haver & Boecker, in accordance with the requirements of ISO 13322-2 measurement, the measurement principle being digital imaging technology, and the results are shown in Table 7. As can be seen from Table 7, some of the samples of the present application have a better sphericity than control sample 1 and control sample 2.

[0117] Table 7

[0118] Example 8

[0119] Median particle size (D50)

[0120] The particle size of the samples to be tested was measured and characterized by means of a HAVER CPA 2-1 HR device and the accompanying software HAVER CpaServ of the German company Haver & Boecker, in accordance with the requirements of ISO 13322-2 measurement, the measurement principle being digital imaging technology. The characterization results for a single ceramic particle are the single sphere size, and the median particle size statistics are given in terms of the total number of ceramic particles included in the sample to be tested, as shown in Table 8. As can be seen from Table 8, each sample of the present application has an average particle size comparable to that of control sample 1.

[0121] Table 8

[0122] Example 9

[0123] Average Vickers hardness

[0124] The average Vickers hardness of the test sample to be tested was measured by using a Vickers hardness tester in accordance with the "Standard Test Method for Vickers Indentation Hardness of Advanced Ceramics" 1C1327-15 (2019) (ten ceramic particles were randomly taken from the test sample to be tested and their Vickers hardness was measured, and their average value was taken to obtain the average Vickers hardness of the test sample to be tested), and the results are shown in Table 9. As can be seen from Table 9, Sample 1 to Sample 5 of the present application, and Comparative Sample 2 all have relatively high average Vickers hardness.

[0125] Table 9

[0126] Example 10

[0127] Wear resistance

[0128] A test sample to be tested of 96.48 ml (volume measured with a graduated cylinder) of size 1.8-2.0 mm was weighed to obtain a mass m0 and introduced into one of the four inner lining dense sintered alumina bowls of a Retsch brand PM400 fast planetary mill (inner diameter: 9.8 cm, height: 8 cm) with a capacity of 603 ml. 10.615 g of Presi silicon carbide (median particle size of 3 pm) and 193 ml of water were added to the same bowl already containing the ceramic particles. The bowl was closed and rotated (planetary motion) at 400 rpm for 1.5 hours, the direction of rotation being reversed every minute. The contents of the bowl were then washed on a 100 pm sieve to remove the residual silicon carbide and any material removed by wear during the grinding. After sieving on the 100 pm sieve, the ceramic particles were dried in an oven at 100°C for 3 hours and then weighed (mass m1). The ceramic particles (mass m1) were introduced again into one of the bowls containing the SiC suspension (same concentration and quantity as before) and subjected to a new grinding cycle identical to the previous one. The contents of the bowl were then washed on a 100 pm sieve to remove the residual silicon carbide and any material removed by wear during the grinding. After sieving on the 100 pm sieve, the ceramic particles were dried in an oven at 100°C for 3 hours and then weighed (mass m2). The ceramic particles (mass m2) were introduced again into one of the bowls containing the SiC suspension (same concentration and quantity as before) and subjected to a new grinding cycle identical to the previous one. The contents of the bowl were then washed on a 100 pm sieve to remove the residual silicon carbide and any material removed by wear during the grinding. After sieving on the 100 pm sieve, the ceramic particles were dried in an oven at 100°C for 3 hours and then weighed (mass m3).

[0129] The wear resistance is expressed in percentage (%) and is equal to the loss of mass of the ceramic particles with respect to the initial mass of the ceramic particles, i.e.: 100(m2-m3) / (m2); the results of the wear resistance are shown in Table 10. From Table 10 it can be seen that the sample 1, sample 2, sample 3, sample 5 of the present application all have good wear resistance.

[0130] Table 10

[0131] The above description is merely the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent variations or direct or indirect applications made by using the present application in other related technical fields shall be included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A type of ceramic particle, comprising: Zirconia and hafnium oxide, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, have a content of not less than 72 wt.% and not more than 83 wt.%. The cerium oxide content, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, is not less than 13 wt.% and not more than 21 wt.%. The content of rare earth element oxides other than cerium oxide is not less than 0.5 wt.% and not more than 11 wt.% based on the total weight of the ceramic particles.

2. The ceramic particles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The content of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide is not less than 73 wt.% and not more than 80 wt.% based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. And / or, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, the cerium oxide content is not less than 13 wt.% and not more than 19 wt.%, preferably, the cerium oxide content is not less than 15.5 wt.% and not more than 18.5 wt.%.

3. The ceramic particles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, the content of rare earth element oxides other than cerium oxide is not less than 3 wt.% and not more than 7 wt.%, preferably, the content of rare earth element oxides other than cerium oxide is not less than 3.5 wt.% and not more than 6 wt.%.

4. The ceramic particles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rare earth element oxides other than cerium oxide include one or more combinations of yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, neodymium oxide, and praseodymium oxide.

5. The ceramic particles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The other rare earth element oxides besides cerium oxide include yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, and neodymium oxide.

6. The ceramic particles as described in claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, Based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, the yttrium oxide content is not less than 0.1 wt.% and not more than 3.5 wt.%, preferably not less than 1.1 wt.% and not more than 2.9 wt.%.

7. The ceramic particles as described in claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, Based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, the content of lanthanum oxide is not less than 0.1 wt.% and not more than 3.5 wt.%, preferably not less than 0.5 wt.% and not more than 2.5 wt.%.

8. The ceramic particles as described in claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The neodymium oxide content, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, is not less than 0.1 wt.% and not more than 3.5 wt.%, preferably not less than 0.3 wt.% and not more than 1.9 wt.%.

9. The ceramic particles as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, the content of praseodymium oxide is not less than 0.05 wt.% and not more than 2.0 wt.%, preferably not more than 1.0 wt.%.

10. The ceramic particles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, the alumina content in the ceramic particles is no more than 5 wt.%, preferably no more than 2 wt.%, and more preferably no more than 1 wt.%.

11. The ceramic particles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, the content of other oxides in the ceramic particles is no more than 5 wt.%, preferably no more than 4 wt.%, and more preferably no more than 3 wt.%.

12. The ceramic particles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic particles include a stable zirconia phase, and the content of the stable zirconia phase is not less than 85 wt.% based on the total weight of the crystalline phase of the ceramic particles.

13. The ceramic particles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic particles include a monoclinic zirconia phase, and the content of the monoclinic zirconia phase in the ceramic particles is not greater than 15 wt.% based on the total weight of the crystalline phases of the ceramic particles.

14. The ceramic particles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic particles may be subjected to hydrothermal treatment to provide hydrothermally treated ceramic particles, the hydrothermally treated ceramic particles comprising a monoclinic zirconia phase, wherein the content of the monoclinic zirconia phase in the hydrothermally treated ceramic particles is not greater than 19 wt. based on the total weight of the crystalline phases of the hydrothermally treated ceramic particles.

15. The ceramic particles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic particles have a true density of not less than 6.10 g / cm3 and not more than 6.25 g / cm3.

16. The ceramic particles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic particles have a density of not less than 3.0 g / cm³. 3 The loose bulk density, preferably, is that the ceramic particles have a density of not less than 3.6 g / cm³. 3 Loose packing density.

17. The ceramic particles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the total number of ceramic particles, not less than 85% of the ceramic particles have a sphericity of not less than 0.

8.

18. The ceramic particles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic particles have a median particle size of not less than 0.1 mm and not more than 3.0 mm.

19. The ceramic particles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic particles have an average Vickers hardness of not less than 1100 hv, preferably, the ceramic particles have an average Vickers hardness of not less than 1150 hv.

20. The ceramic particles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic particles have a wear resistance of no more than 1.0%, preferably no more than 0.5%, and more preferably no more than 0.35%.

21. A method for preparing ceramic particles according to any one of claims 1 to 20, comprising: S1: Provide a raw material composition according to the composition of the ceramic particles, the raw material composition comprising one or more combinations of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide and / or their precursors, cerium oxide and / or its precursors, and oxides of other rare earth elements besides cerium oxide and / or their precursors; S2: Optional, molding to provide preform particles; S3: Optionally, the embryo particles are washed and / or dried; S4: Sintering process to provide the ceramic particles.

22. Use of the ceramic particles as a medium or an insert in a composite wear-resistant component according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the medium includes a grinding medium or a surface treatment medium.

23. A medium comprising ceramic particles as described in any one of claims 1 to 20.

24. The medium as claimed in claim 23, characterized in that, The medium includes abrasive media or surface treatment media.

25. A composite wear-resistant component comprising a metal matrix and an insert, said insert comprising ceramic particles as described in any one of claims 1 to 20.

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