Composite pane assembly with integrated solar module and illuminating device

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite pane assembly (100) comprising: - a composite pane (1) for separating an interior from an external environment, the composite pane having an outer pane (2) and an inner pane (3) which are connected to one another by an intermediate layer (4), wherein at least one solar module (10) is arranged between the outer pane (2) and the inner pane (3), wherein the composite pane (1) has an illuminable pane (3, 23) which has at least one incoupling region (25) and at least one outcoupling region (26) for light, wherein a first region (5) of the composite pane (1) on the side of the at least one solar module (10) facing the external environment has a total transmittance for light of more than 70%, and a second region (6) of the composite pane (1) on the side of the at least one solar module (10) facing the interior has a total transmittance for light of at most 70%, wherein the composite pane (1) i) has, in the first region (5), a non-tinted outer pane (2) and / or at least one non-tinted first thermoplastic adhesive film (7) and, in the second region (6), a tinted inner pane (3) and / or at least one tinted second thermoplastic adhesive film (8) or ii) has, in the first region (5), a tinted outer pane (2) and / or at least one tinted first thermoplastic adhesive film (7) and, in the second region (6), a tinted inner pane (3) and / or at least one tinted second thermoplastic adhesive film (8), the tinting in the first region (5) being less than the tinting in the second region (6), and / or iii) has, in the second region (6), a transmittance-reducing coating; - an illuminating device (15) having at least one illuminant (16) for generating light (21), the illuminant (16) being arranged such that light (21) generated by the illuminant (16) can be coupled into the illuminable pane (3, 23) in the incoupling region (25).

Description

[0001] Composite panel arrangement with integrated solar module and lighting system

[0002] The present invention lies in the technical field of disc manufacturing and relates to a composite disc arrangement with a composite disc having at least one integrated (laminated) solar module and a lighting device, as well as its use.

[0003] Laminated glass usually consists of two individual panes, typically made of glass, bonded together by an interlayer. This interlayer can be made of PVB, EVA, TPII, cast resin, optical clear adhesive (OCA), or other materials. Modern laminated glass, especially windshields for motor vehicles, generally exhibit complex curvatures in the horizontal and / or vertical direction to meet the specific aerodynamic requirements and design specifications of OEMs (e.g., automotive manufacturers).

[0004] In practice, laminated glass is increasingly being equipped with electrical functional elements that are integrated into the glass through lamination. These include electro-optical films, which allow the optical transparency of the glass to be selectively altered or information to be displayed. Given the drive for sustainable energy generation, and particularly for powering vehicles, solar modules are also increasingly being integrated into laminated glass.

[0005] Solar modules with series-connected solar cells for the photovoltaic generation of electricity from sunlight are well known to experts. Solar cells are distinguished according to their layer thickness into thick-film and thin-film solar cells. In thin-film solar cells, the series connection can be integrated into the cell manufacturing process, whereas in thick-film solar cells, series connection within the module is achieved through electrical interconnectors. Silicon (Si) is most commonly used as the semiconducting material, with mono- and polycrystalline silicon being used for thick-film cells and amorphous silicon for thin-film cells. Silicon is available in large quantities, and silicon-based process technology is well-established. The use of other semiconducting materials, such as gallium arsenide (GaAs) or cadmium telluride (CdTe), is also known.

[0006] Solar modules are self-contained electrical components with external terminals of opposite polarity, allowing multiple modules to be connected in series and / or parallel to form a solar array. In series connection, the opposite poles of the solar modules' external terminals are electrically connected to each other using connectors (positive to negative or negative to positive), increasing the voltage while keeping the current constant. In contrast, in parallel connection, the like poles of the external terminals are electrically connected to each other using connectors (positive to positive or negative to negative), increasing the current while keeping the voltage constant.

[0007] Both series and parallel connection of solar modules offer advantages in terms of increased performance, although there are differences. With series-connected solar modules, the electrical power of the string is determined by each individual module, which can be detrimental if a module fails, becomes dirty, or is shaded. This effect is reduced by parallel-connected solar modules; however, the higher currents involved necessitate larger cross-sections for the electrical connectors. Series and parallel-connected solar modules are often used simultaneously to generate high electrical power.

[0008] In the mass production of laminated glass panels, it is common practice to integrate prefabricated solar module strings into a laminated panel by lamination. Depending on the size and shape of the laminated panel and the desired electrical output, solar module strings containing, for example, 10 to 20 solar modules are laminated into the laminated glass panels.

[0009] In practice, solar panel arrays are frequently integrated into the roof windows of vehicles, as roof windows are highly exposed to sunlight, allowing for the efficient conversion of sunlight into electricity. The solar panels are typically distributed across most of the roof window's surface, particularly in the central area. An aesthetically pleasing design for the roof window is important for the vehicle occupants, and it is advantageous to prevent the solar panels from being visible from inside the vehicle. However, this is countered by the fact that legal regulations may require the roof window to have a certain minimum transmittance of visible light. Furthermore, a comparatively low light transmission through the roof window can negatively impact the sense of spaciousness perceived by the occupants inside the vehicle.DE 102022106010 A1 discloses an arrangement for a vehicle roof with an integrated solar cell layer. Discs with solar modules can also be found in WO 2024 / 017968 A1, CN 1 14475421 A and CN 212921096 U.

[0010] In contrast, the object of the present invention is to avoid the aforementioned disadvantages and to create a way to integrate composite discs with laminated solar modules into motor vehicles or buildings in an aesthetically pleasing manner, in particular while complying with any applicable legal standards.

[0011] These and other problems are solved according to the invention by a composite disk arrangement with the features of the independent claim. Preferred embodiments are described in the dependent claims.

[0012] According to the invention, a composite disk arrangement is shown, which includes a composite disk for separating an interior space from an external environment. The composite disk comprises a first disk or outer disk and a second disk or inner disk, which are firmly connected to each other by an intermediate layer. The outer disk and the inner disk each have an outer surface facing the external environment and an inner surface facing the interior space, wherein typically the outer surface facing the external environment is referred to as the first surface or "Side I", the inner surface facing the interior space is referred to as the second surface or "Side II", the outer surface facing the external environment of the inner disk is referred to as the third surface or "Side III", and the inner surface facing the interior space is referred to as the fourth surface or "Side VI".

[0013] The terms "outer pane" and "inner pane" refer to the installation situation of the laminated glass pane in a vehicle or building, with the outer pane being located closer to the external environment than the inner pane, and the inner pane being closer to the interior than the outer pane. However, even in the uninstalled state of the laminated glass pane, it is typically predetermined which pane is the outer or inner pane, so it is appropriate to use these terms for the uninstalled state as well. For example, laminated glass panes often exhibit curvature, with the outer panes generally being convexly curved towards the external environment. The terms "outer" and "interior" refer to a spatial arrangement relative to the external environment or the interior of a vehicle or building, respectively.Here too, it is appropriate to use these terms for the uninstalled state of the composite pane, as this is typically recognizable on the composite pane due to its structure.

[0014] For the purposes of this invention, a "disk" (single disc) is understood to be a planar body whose planar extent is significantly larger than its dimension perpendicular to this planar extent. The disc is thus flat. For example, the disc is a pane of flat glass. Each disc has two opposing surfaces that bound the disc on two sides. These two surfaces, which can also be referred to as "main surfaces," give the disc its planar extent. The two surfaces are preferably parallel. As a physical object, the disc has a (circumferential) end-face edge or boundary surface that connects the two opposing surfaces. The end-face boundary surface is, for example, perpendicular to the two main surfaces, but can also be rounded.Here and in the following, the term "surface" of a disk is understood to mean a main surface of the disk.

[0015] The composite pane comprises at least one integrated solar module embedded in the intermediate layer and thus positioned between the outer and inner panes. Each solar module has one or more solar cells connected in series. Advantageously, a plurality of solar modules are provided, in particular one or more solar module strings, with a plurality of solar modules connected in series and / or parallel within each solar module string. Solar modules within a solar module string can be connected by electrical connectors connected to the external electrical terminals of each solar module. The solar modules serve to generate electricity photovoltaically from sunlight striking the composite pane.In particular, a motor vehicle can be powered by this, for example, to operate electrical appliances such as an air conditioner. Solar modules or solar module strings do not necessarily have to be arranged in the same direction. Rather, it is also possible for solar modules or solar module strings to be arranged at an angle other than 0°, e.g., 90°, in the plane or surface of the composite panel. The "direction" of a solar module refers to the direction resulting from the series connection of the solar cells within the module. In one embodiment, the solar modules are designed so that current can only be generated on one side by incident light. With regard to the at least one solar module, the term "outer side" can then also be used to mean "light-entry side," i.e.,The term "located on the light-entry side of the solar modules" should be understood as referring to the side on which the solar cells are located, since the solar cells are intended to be powered by sunlight that strikes them from the external environment. Accordingly, the term "interior side" should be understood as "non-light-entry side" or located on the side of the solar modules facing away from the light-entry side.

[0016] In an alternative design, the solar modules are configured so that electricity can be generated by light striking both sides. Such solar modules are equipped with solar cells, also known as "bifacial" solar cells. Besides improved efficiency, one advantage of this technology can be a more aesthetically pleasing appearance of the laminated glass panel from the interior.

[0017] The composite panel has an illuminable panel, which is preferably arranged on the inside side of the at least one solar module. The illuminable panel has at least one coupling area for coupling light into the illuminable panel and at least one extraction area for coupling light out of the illuminable panel.

[0018] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "illuminable disc" is understood to mean a planar light guide for directing coupled light by means of total internal reflection. The illuminateable disc is preferably transparent. Preferably, the illuminateable disc is suitable and designed for planar, homogeneous illumination, and may also have an illuminateable pattern, graphic, or the like.

[0019] Thus, the illuminated disc serves as a planar light guide and is suitable for guiding light by means of total internal reflection. The two main surfaces of the illuminated disc each form an optical interface with the surroundings (e.g., air or thermoplastic material such as polyvinyl butyral = PVB). Total internal reflection of the light coupled into the disc occurs at these interfaces if the incident light meets the angular condition for total internal reflection. Essential for its function as an optical interface is a difference in the refractive index, relative to the wavelength of the incident light, between the substances adjacent to the interface. Total internal reflection occurs when the angle of the light striking an optical interface is sufficiently large (measured with respect to the perpendicular at the interface).The composite disk arrangement according to the invention further comprises a lighting device with at least one light source for generating light for coupling into the illuminated disk, wherein the light source is configured such that the light generated by the light source (divergently or directed by a collimator) strikes the illuminated disk (e.g., an interior surface of the illuminated disk, which is, for example, the inner disk). Thus, the light source is arranged such that light generated by the light source strikes the at least one coupling area of ​​the illuminated disk and is coupled into the illuminated disk in the coupling area.

[0020] The term "coupling region" refers to an area of ​​the illuminated disk where light generated by the light source can be coupled into the disk. Preferably, the coupled light is totally internally reflected within the disk. The coupling region can be located on a surface (main surface) of the illuminated disk. However, it is also possible for the coupling region to be located at the end face of the illuminated disk, in which case the light from the light source is coupled into the disk at the end face.

[0021] In certain applications, it can be advantageous if the light is coupled into the front edge surface at several coupling areas, e.g. at two opposing coupling areas.

[0022] In certain applications, it can be advantageous for the light to be coupled into the illuminated pane at a main surface rather than at the edge surface, for example, in panes that are bonded into a frame formed by the vehicle body, such as roof windows in motor vehicles. Such panes usually also have a rounded edge surface ("C-grind"), which prevents efficient light coupling, since coupling light at an edge surface typically requires a smooth or flat edge.

[0023] The at least one light source is arranged, in particular, on or adjacent to the interior surface of the illuminated disc. The at least one light source can be arranged at a non-zero distance from the composite disc. In particular, it is possible that the at least one light source is permanently connected to the composite disc, for example, to the inner disc, especially to the interior surface of the composite disc. In particular, the at least one light source can also not be a component of the composite disc, i.e., not be permanently connected to the composite disc.

[0024] The term "extraction area" refers to a region of the illuminable disk in which light coupled into the disk, and preferably totally reflected within it, can be extracted from the disk at its inner surface. For this purpose, the extraction area is provided with an extraction structure that causes the light coupled into the disk, and advantageously totally reflected within it, to be extracted by scattering. A number of measures are known to those skilled in the art for this purpose, such as locally roughening the surface of the disk in the extraction area or applying a suitably designed print to the surface of the disk, whereby such a measure in any case causes a scattering of the light suitable for extracting the light from the disk.One or both surfaces of the illuminated disc can each be provided with one or more diffusing structures, at which the light totally reflected within the illuminated disc is scattered. In principle, such a diffusing structure is designed in such a way that the condition for total internal reflection no longer applies at the diffusing structure. Diffusing structures are well known to those skilled in the art (see, e.g., WO 2007 / 077099), so they need not be discussed in detail here.

[0025] The coupling of light into the illuminated disk can, in principle, be carried out in such a way that the condition for total internal reflection is already met at the point of coupling.

[0026] In one embodiment of the composite disc arrangement according to the invention, in which the coupling of light is such that the condition for total internal reflection is not met, the composite disc comprises a reflective structure with reflective surfaces, which is preferably arranged on an outer surface of the illuminated disc. The reflective surfaces are designed (in the form of inclined surfaces) such that light generated by the light source is reflected back into the illuminated disc at such an angle that total internal reflection of the reflected light occurs in the illuminated disc.In other words, the light generated by the light source is coupled into the illuminated disc at its inner surface and reflected at its outer surface by the reflective surfaces of the reflective structure, resulting in total internal reflection within the illuminated disc. The illuminated disc then acts as a totally reflective, planar light guide and can thus be illuminated, for example, in a homogeneous, planar manner.

[0027] The reflective structure preferably comprises a plurality of reflective surfaces, which are designed in the form of inclined surfaces and are advantageously coated on their surface with a reflective layer suitable for light reflection. The reflective layer is typically a layer of a metallic material, such as silver (Ag) or aluminum (Al). The reflective layer is suitable for reflecting light generated by the light source.

[0028] In one embodiment of the composite disc arrangement according to the invention, the at least one light source is arranged opposite the reflective structure when viewed perpendicularly through the illuminated disc, which can offer a design advantage. Thus, the light source is located on one side of the illuminated disc and the reflective structure on the other side.

[0029] In one embodiment of the composite disc arrangement according to the invention, the reflective structure is formed by a reflector distinct from the illuminated disc. The reflector can be prefabricated and is preferably attached to the illuminated disc, for example by adhesive bonding. This measure allows for a particularly simple design of the reflective structure. However, the reflector does not necessarily have to be rigidly connected to the disc by a bonding agent, for example, if the reflector is laminated within a composite disc.

[0030] Preferably, the reflector is in the form of a microprismatic film provided with a reflective layer suitable for light reflection, which is preferably bonded to the outer surface of the illuminated disc. Such microprismatic films are commercially available and are also known to those skilled in the art as "reflective film." They have microscopically small bodies, so-called microprisms, which serve to direct the light. The microprisms provide the inclined surfaces of the reflective structure. The surface of the microprismatic film is subsequently coated with a reflective layer suitable for light reflection, which can be done using conventional coating methods, so that the microprisms are provided with a reflective layer on their surface. In an alternative embodiment, the inclined surfaces of the reflective structure are formed by a surface of the illuminated disc itself, i.e.,The inclined surfaces are integrated into the surface of the illuminated disc. To create the reflective structure, the inclined surfaces are coated with a reflective layer suitable for light reflection, which can be achieved using standard coating processes.

[0031] In one embodiment, the reflective structure consists of a material whose optical refractive index is equal to, or at least approximately equal to, the optical refractive index of a material of the illuminated disk. This measure advantageously allows optical refraction at the reflective structure to be avoided, or at least largely avoided, when the light generated by the light source passes into the reflective structure at its outer surface, so that reflection occurs only at the reflective layer of the reflective structure.

[0032] The lighting device can include lenses, mirrors, reflectors, or other light-guiding elements that serve to couple the light into the illuminated disk. Particularly advantageously, the lighting device includes a collimator designed such that light generated by the light source is directed with a parallel beam path onto a surface of the illuminated disk or composite disk.

[0033] Advantageous light sources include, for example, laser diodes, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), or incandescent bulbs, whereby any type of light source suitable for a given application may be used. The light source may be suitable for generating colored or white light. The light source may also be designed to generate light in the ultraviolet or infrared range. Preferred light colors include, for example, red (due to its strong signaling effect), green (due to the high sensitivity of the human eye to the green color spectrum), and blue (due to its particularly aesthetic and low-glare effect). In the case of a movable composite panel, such as an opening sunroof of a motor vehicle, the at least one light source is preferably connected to the composite panel and also movably arranged. It is understood that the light source may also be installed independently of the composite panel.

[0034] The composite pane arrangement according to the invention enables, in particular through homogeneous illumination of the illuminated pane, an aesthetically pleasing design of the composite pane equipped with at least one integrated solar module. The composite pane can thus be designed in such a way that the at least one solar module is practically invisible to an observer inside the building, while the composite pane is nevertheless aesthetically very appealing. In particular, the composite pane can also have a non-zero total light transmission to comply with legal standards and / or to improve the spatial perception in the interior, especially of motor vehicles, without the at least one solar module being aesthetically detrimental. These are significant advantages of the composite pane arrangement according to the invention.

[0035] The composite disk of the composite disk arrangement according to the invention comprises at least one solar module. Advantageously, the composite disk comprises a plurality of solar modules, in particular one or more solar module strings, in each of which solar modules are connected in series and / or parallel. On the one hand, the available area of ​​the composite disk can be used efficiently for photovoltaic energy generation; on the other hand, the solar module strings can be easily adapted to the geometric characteristics of the composite disk (e.g., shape, size, and / or curvature). Adjacent solar modules or solar module strings do not necessarily have to be arranged along the same direction or in series, but can also be arranged at an angle other than 0°, e.g., 90°, within the surface of the composite disk.

[0036] Solar modules are self-contained electrical components, each containing one or more series-connected solar cells. This series connection can be integrated or achieved through interconnectors. Advantageously, solar modules in pre-assembled strings are electrically interconnected; however, they can also be supplied as individual modules without prior electrical connection. Each solar module has external electrical terminals for interconnection. During operation, these terminals provide a voltage of opposite polarity. Every solar module has at least two external electrical terminals. Solar modules can be connected in series and / or parallel using electrical connectors that are connected to these terminals.

[0037] In the composite disc arrangement according to the invention, the intermediate layer is a thermoplastic intermediate layer, wherein the intermediate layer comprises at least one first thermoplastic adhesive film on the outside of the at least one solar module and at least one second thermoplastic adhesive film on the inside of the at least one solar module. It is particularly advantageous for the at least one solar module to be arranged in a cutout of a third thermoplastic adhesive film, which surrounds the at least one solar module in the manner of a passe-partout. This measure reduces the force exerted on the at least one solar module during the lamination of the composite disc, thus preventing mechanical damage. The third thermoplastic adhesive film is arranged between the at least one first thermoplastic adhesive film and the at least one second thermoplastic adhesive film.

[0038] In one embodiment of the composite disc arrangement according to the invention, adjacent solar modules are arranged without any intermediate gap, i.e., the solar modules are butted together. This offers the advantage of particularly efficient conversion of sunlight incident on the composite disc into electrical current. A disadvantage is the very limited or even completely blocked visibility through the composite disc. In the composite disc arrangement according to the invention, this disadvantage can be overcome by the illuminateable disc, which, for example, enables homogeneous, area-wide illumination or the display of an illuminated graphic.

[0039] In one embodiment of the composite panel arrangement according to the invention, adjacent solar modules are arranged with a non-zero spacing, i.e., with gaps between the adjacent solar modules. This offers the advantage of allowing light to enter the interior through these gaps. In this way, any necessary legal standards for roof panels can be met, and the feeling of spaciousness in the interior of, for example, a motor vehicle can be improved. In particular, the composite panel can be designed to be aesthetically very appealing by providing a uniform, homogeneous illumination of the illuminated panel. The arrangement of solar modules with a spacing between them can be easily achieved by connecting them via electrical connectors at their external terminals.

[0040] In one embodiment of the composite disk arrangement according to the invention, adjacent solar modules are arranged in at least one area of ​​the composite disk without an intermediate distance and in at least one further area of ​​the composite disk with an intermediate distance other than zero, i.e. the two embodiments mentioned directly above can also be realized in combination, so that the aforementioned advantages can be achieved specifically for different areas of the composite disk.

[0041] In the composite disk arrangement according to the invention, the composite disk has a first area on the outside of the at least one solar module and a second area on the inside of the at least one solar module. The designation of the two areas of the composite disk as "first area" and "second area" serves only for easier differentiation and reference. The first area is also referred to as the outer area, and the second area as the inner area of ​​the composite disk. The first area comprises all components of the composite disk on the side of the at least one solar module facing the external environment, with the exception of any opaque masking layer (black printing) that may be present, particularly on the outer disk.Similarly, the second area includes all components of the composite pane on the interior-facing side of the at least one solar module, with the exception of any opaque masking layer (black print) that may be present, in particular on the inner pane.

[0042] The first area of ​​the composite glass arrangement according to the invention has a total light transmission of more than 70%, in particular more than 90%, while the second area has a total light transmission of at most 70%. This measure has the advantage of a particularly efficient conversion of sunlight incident on the composite glass into electrical current, while on the other hand the composite glass can be designed to be particularly aesthetically pleasing for an observer located inside. It can be advantageous if the second area has a total light transmission of at most 50%, at most 30%, at most 10%, or at most 5%, in particular 0%.

[0043] For the total light transmission, all components of the composite pane in the first and second regions must be considered; that is, the light transmission in the first region is the sum of the light transmission of all components of the composite pane in the first region, and the light transmission in the second region is the sum of the light transmission of all components of the composite pane in the second region. Therefore, the composite pane can have different light transmissions on both sides of the at least one solar module, with the light transmission in the second region of the composite pane being advantageously lower than in the first region. Means for reducing the light transmission in a composite pane are known to those skilled in the art.For example, to reduce light transmission in the first and / or second area, the laminated pane has a tinted (colored) thermoplastic adhesive film and / or a tinted (colored) pane and / or a (dark) transmission-reducing coating produced by deposition. The transmission-reducing coating is preferably deposited on the inner pane.

[0044] In one embodiment, the laminated glass pane has, in the first region, an untinted outer pane and / or at least one untinted first thermoplastic adhesive film (i.e., no tinted thermoplastic adhesive film). Advantageously, the outer pane and / or the at least one first thermoplastic adhesive film in the first region are clear, i.e., untinted or uncolored. For example, the outer pane is an extra-clear pane. Furthermore, in the second region, the laminated glass pane has a tinted inner pane and / or at least one tinted second thermoplastic adhesive film.

[0045] In one embodiment, the laminated glass pane has a tinted outer pane and / or at least one tinted first thermoplastic adhesive film in the first region, and a tinted inner pane and / or at least one tinted second thermoplastic adhesive film in the second region. The tinted outer pane and / or the at least one tinted first thermoplastic adhesive film have a lighter tint in the first region than the inner pane and / or the at least one second thermoplastic adhesive film in the second region. In other words, the overall tint of the laminated glass pane in the first region is lighter than the overall tint of the laminated glass pane in the second region.

[0046] Alternatively or additionally, the composite disc can have a transmission-reducing coating, particularly in the second area, which is applied especially to the inner disc. The transmission-reducing coating is based, for example, on titanium nitride and / or titanium carbide or is an amorphous carbon layer. The transmission-reducing coating is preferably applied to the entire surface of the disc, possibly with the exception of a circumferential edge area and / or other locally limited areas that may, for example, serve for data transmission. The coated area of ​​the disc's surface is preferably at least 90%.

[0047] "Light" is defined as the visible spectral range from 380 nm to 780 nm. The measurement of the total light transmission (TL) of the laminated glass pane, as well as the reflected light fraction, is performed according to DIN ISO 5033 (old standard) or DIN EN ISO / CIE 11664 (new standard). The transmitted light fraction is determined in transmitted light, while the reflected light fraction is determined in reflected light. A standard light source (e.g., light source A, D65) is used under conditions specified in the standard. The percentage of transmission is calculated as the ratio of the intensity of the transmitted light to the intensity of the incident light. The light source is positioned on one side of the laminated glass pane, and a light sensor is placed on the other side.To determine the percentage of reflection, the ratio of the intensity of the reflected light to the intensity of the incident light is calculated. For this, the light source and the light sensor are positioned on the same side of the laminated glass. The light transmission of the first and second sections of the laminated glass is determined analogously, except that instead of examining the entire laminated glass, the first and second sections are analyzed separately.

[0048] The illuminated panel is an integral part of the laminated composite panel. Preferably, the illuminated panel is the inner panel of the composite panel. The outer surface of the illuminated panel is then the third surface, or side III, of the inner panel, and the inner surface of the illuminated panel is the fourth surface, or side IV, of the inner panel. However, it is also possible for the illuminated panel to be an additional panel laminated between the inner and outer panels of the composite panel. During manufacturing, the illuminated panel is preferably arranged in a sandwich configuration between two films of thermoplastic material (e.g., PVB films).

[0049] In one embodiment of the composite disc arrangement according to the invention, a masking layer, particularly in the form of a black print, is arranged on the outer or inner disc. This measure advantageously allows electrical connections for the at least one solar module or for one or more solar module strings, for example busbars or flat conductors, to be arranged in the composite disc in a way that is barely or invisibly integrated. For example, the masking layer is formed as a circumferential frame.

[0050] In one embodiment, an emissivity-reducing coating is applied to the inner pane, preferably to the surface of the inner pane facing the interior (side IV). This advantageously reduces the energy input into the interior from IR radiation. The emissivity-reducing coating can also be referred to as a heat-radiation-reflecting coating or low-E coating. Emissivity is the measure that indicates how much heat radiation the pane, in its installed position, emits into an interior space compared to an ideal heat radiator (i.e., a black body). The emissivity-reducing coating serves to prevent heat from entering the interior space (IR components of solar radiation and, in particular, the thermal radiation of the laminated pane itself) and also from radiating heat out of the interior space.It exhibits reflective properties towards infrared radiation, especially towards thermal radiation in the spectral range of 5 - 50 pm (see standard DIN EN 12898:2019-06).

[0051] Advantageously, the emissivity-reducing coating contains at least one layer of a transparent conductive oxide (TCO), for example based on indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc mixed oxide (IZO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO, SnÜ2:F) or antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO, SnÜ2:Sb).

[0052] The emissivity-reducing coating is typically applied to the entire surface of the inner pane, possibly with the exception of a circumferential edge area and / or other locally limited areas that may, for example, serve for data transmission. The coated area of ​​the inner pane's surface is preferably at least 90%.

[0053] The outer and inner panes of the laminated glass unit can, in principle, have any chemical composition known to a person skilled in the art. The two panes preferably contain or consist of glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, or aluminosilicate glass. It is also conceivable that the two panes contain or consist of a clear plastic, preferably a rigid clear plastic, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, and / or mixtures thereof.

[0054] In one embodiment of the composite pane arrangement according to the invention, the composite pane contains or consists of glass. The thickness of each individual pane of the composite pane can vary widely and be adapted to the requirements of the specific application. Preferably, panes with standard thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 25 mm and more preferably from 0.5 mm to 5 mm are used. The size of the panes can vary widely and depends on their intended use. The composite pane can have any three-dimensional shape and be planar or curved in one or more directions in space.

[0055] In one embodiment of the composite glass arrangement according to the invention, the outer and inner panes of the composite glass are firmly bonded together by a thermoplastic intermediate layer, which is formed by laminating adhesive films, each consisting of a thermoplastic material. Each adhesive film preferably contains or consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPII), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or mixtures, copolymers, or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably PVB. The thickness of an adhesive film is preferably from 0.2 mm to 1 mm, for example, 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.

[0056] In one embodiment of the composite disc arrangement according to the invention, the composite disc is produced by firmly joining a stack of different (flat or layered) components, wherein the components are adhesively bonded to one another by lamination. For laminating the stack of components, known methods for laminating composite discs can be used. Vacuum lamination is particularly well-known and common, in which lamination takes place in a heated and evacuated chamber within, for example, about 60 minutes at a reduced pressure of, for example, 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of, for example, 80°C to 170°C. Vacuum bag or vacuum ring processes known per se operate, for example, at about 200 mbar and, for example, 130°C to 145°C. In roller lamination, pressing takes place in a calender between at least one pair of rollers or a roller and a solid base.The temperature during the pressing process ranges, for example, from 40 °C to 150 °C. This is well known to experts, so there is no need to elaborate on it here.

[0057] The solar cells of the interconnected solar modules of the composite disk can, in principle, be of any design. According to one embodiment, the solar cells are designed as thick-film solar cells and are, in particular, based on mono- or polycrystalline silicon, which are electrically connected on the front or back side by interconnectors. According to another embodiment, the solar cells are designed as thin-film solar cells and are, in particular, based on copper-indium-gallium-sulfur (selenium) CIGS(Se), cadmium telluride (CdTe), perovskites, or amorphous silicon. The solar cells can be connected in series as thick-film solar cells with interconnectors or connected in series as thin-film solar cells in a monolithically integrated form. Preferably, the solar cells are based on mono- or polycrystalline silicon and connected in series by interconnectors.

[0058] In accordance with common usage, the term "solar cell" comprises a front electrode, a photovoltaically active absorber, and a back electrode. For applications with high power density requirements (solar cell efficiency) and high visual-aesthetic demands, such as integration into a motor vehicle, back-contacted solar cells can also be advantageously used. In these cells, the contacts for both polarities and the pn junctions are located on the back side facing away from the light. In thin-film solar cells, the front electrodes are connected in series with their respective adjacent back electrodes in an integrated form. In thick-film solar cells, interconnectors are provided for the electrical connection of the front electrodes to their respective adjacent back electrodes.

[0059] At least the front components of the laminated glass arranged on the light entry side (e.g. first adhesive film, first pane) are preferably transparent, whereas the rear components not arranged on the light entry side (e.g. second adhesive film, second pane) can also be opaque.

[0060] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "transparent" refers to a transmittance for visible light of at least 85%, in particular at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, and in particular 100%. The term "opaque" accordingly refers to a transmittance for visible light of less than 5%, in particular 0%.

[0061] The invention also extends to a means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, preferably a motor vehicle, or to a building equipped with a composite disc arrangement according to the invention.

[0062] The invention also extends to the use of the composite disc arrangement in means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in trains, ships and motor vehicles, for example as a windshield, rear window, side window and / or roof window, preferably as a roof window, or in buildings, in particular in the access area, window area, roof area or facade area.

[0063] The various embodiments of the invention can be implemented individually or in any combination. In particular, the features mentioned above and explained below can be used not only in the combinations specified, but also in other combinations or individually, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0064] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments, with reference to the accompanying figures. These show, in a simplified representation not to scale:

[0065] Fig. 1 shows a schematic top view of an embodiment of the composite disc arrangement according to the invention.

[0066] Figs. 2A-2D schematic cross-sectional views of various further embodiments of the composite disc arrangement according to the invention in accordance with section line AA' of Figure 1 ,

[0067] Fig. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of a part of the composite disk of the composite disk arrangement according to the invention, in accordance with section line AA' of Figure 1.

[0068] Fig. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of a part of the composite disk of the composite disk arrangement according to the invention, in accordance with section line AA' of Figure 1.

[0069] Figures 1 to 4 illustrate various embodiments of the composite disc arrangement according to the invention. First, let us consider Figure 1 and Figures 2A-2D, in which various embodiments of the composite disc arrangement according to the invention are illustrated by means of a schematic top view (Figure 1) and schematic cross-sectional views along section line AA' of Figure 1.

[0070] The composite glass arrangement, designated by the reference number 100, comprises a composite glass 1, which in this case is, for example, a roof window of a motor vehicle. Figure 1 shows the composite glass 1 schematically from the interior. The composite glass 1 has a front edge V (right in Figure 1) and an opposite rear edge H (left in Figure 1), as well as two side edges S connecting the front edge V and the rear edge H, which are opposite each other (all together forming a circumferential edge of the composite glass 1). The front edge V of the composite glass 1 is the edge that, when installed in a motor vehicle, faces the front of the vehicle. The rear edge H of the composite glass 1 is the edge that, when installed in a motor vehicle, faces the rear of the vehicle. The front edge V and the rear edge H have the same shape and size.Similarly, the two side edges S have the same shape and size. For example, the front edge V and the rear edge H are each longer than a side edge S. It should be understood that this is only an example, and the geometry of the roof panel depends on the specific characteristics of the vehicle and the installation situation.

[0071] The composite pane 1, for example, has a shape and curvature typical for roof panes, although it is understood that the composite pane 1 can have any suitable geometric shape and / or curvature. As a roof pane of a motor vehicle, the composite pane 1 typically has a convex curvature (in its installed position facing the external environment).

[0072] As can be seen from the sectional views in Figures 2A-2D, the composite disc 1 comprises an outer disc 2 and an inner disc 3, which are firmly bonded together (laminated) by a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4. Embedded in the intermediate layer 4 is a plurality of solar modules 10, which are connected in series in a solar module string 11. For the sake of clarity, the series connection of the solar modules 10 by electrical connectors such as ribbon cables is not shown in detail in the figures. As explained above, the solar modules 10 can be electrically connected in series at their external terminals (not shown). It is understood that the solar modules 10 can also be connected in parallel. In Figure 1, for example, the solar module string 11 comprises five solar modules 10, while in Figures 2A-2D, for example, three solar modules 10 are shown; this is only to be understood as an example.In the practice of industrial mass production of laminated composite discs with integrated solar modules, it is quite common for a solar module string to have, for example, 10 to 20 solar modules.

[0073] As can be clearly seen in Figure 1, the laminated glass pane 1 is provided with a circumferential opaque masking layer 12, which here, for example, is applied to side II of the outer pane 2 by a printing process in the form of a black print (black enamel). The masking layer 12 is applied to the inner surface II of the outer pane 2. The masking layer 12 extends along the circumferential edge of the laminated glass pane 1 and is adjacent to the front edge V, rear edge H, and the two side edges S of the laminated glass pane 1. The masking layer 12 is opaque and prevents the view of structures arranged on the inside or outside of the laminated glass pane 1, for example, an adhesive bead for bonding the laminated glass pane 1 into a vehicle body.The masking layer 12 consists of an electrically non-conductive material conventionally used for black printing, for example, a black-tinted screen printing ink that has been baked on. The production of black printing is well-known in the field, so this does not need to be explained in detail here.

[0074] The circumferential masking layer 12 defines an inner region 13 of the composite panel 1, in which the solar modules 10 are arranged. The solar modules 10 are distributed within the inner region 3, with the solar module string 11 extending completely over the entire inner region 13. In particular, the solar modules 10 extend along the leading edge V and trailing edge H from one side edge S to the opposite side edge S. The solar module string 11 extends, for example, in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.

[0075] As can be seen in the embodiment shown in Figure 1 and in the embodiments shown in Figures 2C and 2D, adjacent solar modules 10 can be arranged with a (separating) gap 14. As shown in Figures 2A and 2B, the solar modules 10 can also be arranged without a (separating) gap, i.e., the solar modules 10 are butted together. This can be easily and selectively implemented by means of the electrical connectors (not shown) for the series connection of the solar modules 10 to form the solar module string 11.

[0076] As can be clearly seen in Figure 1, the composite panel arrangement 100 comprises a lighting device, designated by reference numeral 15, which has a plurality of light sources 16, here, for example, ten light sources, which are, for example, in the form of LEDs. The number and positioning of the light sources 16 are variable. In Figure 1, for example, ten light sources 16 are arranged perpendicularly through the composite panel 1, overlapping the masking layer 12. Here, five light sources 16 are arranged opposite each other in a row along the side edges of the composite panel 1. In the embodiments shown in Figures 2A to 2D, three light sources 16 are shown by way of example, which are positioned in the inner area 13.As can be seen in the cross-sectional views of Figures 2A-2D, which represent sections along section line AA' of Figure 1, the composite pane 1 comprises an outer pane 2, an inner pane 3, and a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 arranged between the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3. The outer pane 2 has an outer surface (not labeled) facing away from the intermediate layer 4 and an inner surface II (see Figure 2A) facing the intermediate layer 4. The inner pane 3 has an outer surface (not labeled) facing the intermediate layer 4 and an inner surface IV facing away from the intermediate layer 4.The outer surface of the outer pane 2 is also simultaneously the surface of the laminated pane 1, which in the installed position faces the external environment, and the inner surface of the inner pane 3 is also simultaneously the surface of the laminated pane 1, which faces the interior of the vehicle.

[0077] The outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 each consist of glass, preferably thermally tempered soda-lime glass, and are transparent to visible light. The outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 are firmly bonded together by the thermoplastic interlayer 4. The interlayer 4 is formed by lamination of a first adhesive film 7, a second adhesive film 8, and a third adhesive film 9, in which the solar modules 10 are embedded. The solar modules 10 are arranged in a cutout (not designated) of the third adhesive film 9, which surrounds the solar modules 10 in a frame-like manner. The thermoplastic material used in the composite pane 1 preferably consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and / or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

[0078] Various embodiments are explained using the cross-sectional views in Figures 2A-2D. To avoid unnecessary repetition, only the differences are described; otherwise, reference is made to the above explanations, which are common to all embodiments.

[0079] As already explained, the embodiments shown in Figures 2A-2D each have light sources 16 which are arranged in the interior area 13 in a perpendicular view through the composite disc 1.

[0080] Different areas can be defined within the respective composite panes 1, with a first area 5 located on one side (i.e., the outer side) of the solar module string 11, while a second area 6 is located on the other side (i.e., the inner side) of the solar module string 11. The first area 5 comprises the outer pane 2 and the first adhesive film 7. The second area 6 comprises the inner pane 3 and a second adhesive film 8. The various embodiments differ in the arrangement of the solar modules 10 and the overall light transmission through the composite pane 1.

[0081] In the embodiment shown in Figure 2A, the solar modules 10 in the solar module string 11 are arranged without any gaps, i.e., without a space between them. Therefore, visible light cannot pass through the laminated glass 1. In the first area 5, the laminated glass 1 has a high total light transmission of more than 70%, preferably more than 90%, to convert sunlight into electricity with high efficiency. The outer pane 2 consists of transparent (untinted) glass, preferably extra-clear glass. The first adhesive film 7 is transparent (untinted). The second area 6 has a total light transmission of 0% to prevent the solar module string 11 from being seen. The inner pane 3 is, for example, transparent, and the second adhesive film 8 is tinted and has a light transmission of 0%. Alternatively, a transmission-reducing coating can be provided.

[0082] As in the embodiment shown in Figure 2A, in the embodiment shown in Figure 2B the solar modules 10 are arranged in the solar module string 11 without any (intermediate) gap, i.e., without a gap or butt joint. The first area 5 is designed as in the embodiment shown in Figure 2A. The second area 6 has a very low overall light transmission of less than 70%, in particular less than 50%, less than 30%, or less than 10%, but more than 0%, in order to obstruct the view of the solar module string 11. The inner pane 3 is, for example, transparent, and the second adhesive film 8 has a corresponding tint. Alternatively, a transmission-reducing coating can be provided.

[0083] In the embodiment shown in Figure 2C, the solar modules 10 in the solar module string 11 are arranged with a (spaced) gap, such that a gap 14 exists between immediately adjacent solar modules 10, through which light from the external environment can penetrate into the interior. The first region 5 and the second region 6 are designed as in the embodiment shown in Figure 2A.

[0084] As in the embodiment shown in Figure 2C, in the embodiment shown in Figure 2D the solar modules 10 in the solar module string 11 are arranged with a (spaced) gap, such that there is a gap 14 between immediately adjacent solar modules 10 through which light from the external environment can penetrate into the interior. The first area 5 and the second area 6 are designed as in the embodiment shown in Figure 2B.

[0085] Reference is now made to Figures 3 and 4, which illustrate various embodiments of the composite disk arrangement 100 by means of cross-sectional views. Only a portion of the composite disk 1 is shown in each figure.

[0086] As illustrated in Figure 3, the composite disk arrangement 100 comprises an illuminable disk, which in this case is, for example, the inner disk 3; that is, the inner disk 3 serves as the illuminable disk of the composite disk 1. Light 21, generated by a light source 16, can be coupled into the inner disk 3 in a coupling area 25. The initially divergent light 21 is directed by a collimator 17 attached to the inner disk 3. The collimated light is reflected at the inclined surfaces 20 of a reflective structure 18, which here is designed as a reflector. The inclined surfaces 20 are, for example, formed by the prisms 19 of a microprismatic film. The microprismatic film is provided with a reflective coating (not shown). The collimated light is reflected into the inner disk 3 by the reflective structure 18 in such a way that total internal reflection occurs.The reflection structure 18 can also be realized by a different type of reflecting body. It is also possible that reflective inclined surfaces are incorporated into side III of the inner disk 3.

[0087] In an extraction area 26, the totally reflected light is extracted from the inner pane 3 by a scattering structure 20, which here is realized, for example, by a print. This allows the inner pane 3 to be illuminated, for example, with a homogeneous surface. It is also possible to display an illuminated graphic, such as lettering, or the like. This allows the composite pane 1 to be designed in an aesthetically pleasing manner. This applies in particular to the various embodiments illustrated in Figures 2A-2D.

[0088] Figure 4 illustrates an alternative in which an additional pane 23 is laminated into the composite pane 1 (between a fourth adhesive film 24 and the second adhesive film 8), which serves as an illuminable pane. The reflector 18 is arranged accordingly on an outer surface of the additional pane 23. For further details, please refer to the description of the embodiment shown in Figure 3. From the above, it is clear that the invention provides a novel composite pane arrangement by which a composite pane with at least one integrated solar module can be designed in a very aesthetically pleasing manner, for example, by achieving homogeneous, area-wide illumination through an illuminable pane. The view of the at least one solar module can be obscured, while simultaneously creating a pleasant atmosphere in the interior.Legal standards regarding minimum visible light transmission can be met. The composite glass arrangement according to the invention can be easily implemented in the industrial series production of composite glass. Composite glass arrangements with integrated solar modules can be produced simply, cost-effectively, and with high quality.

[0089] Reference symbol list

[0090] 1 composite disc

[0091] 2 Outer pane

[0092] 3 inner disc

[0093] 4 Intermediate layer

[0094] 5 first area

[0095] 6 second area

[0096] 7 first adhesive film

[0097] 8 second adhesive film

[0098] 9 third adhesive film

[0099] 10 solar modules

[0100] 11 solar module string

[0101] 12 masking layer

[0102] 13 Indoor area

[0103] 14 Intermediate distance

[0104] 15 Lighting equipment

[0105] 16 light bulbs

[0106] 17 Collimator

[0107] 18 Reflection structure

[0108] 19 prisms

[0109] 20 inclined surface

[0110] 21 light

[0111] 22 Scatter structure

[0112] 23 additional discs

[0113] 24 fourth adhesive film

[0114] 25 coupling area

[0115] 26 Disconnection area

[0116] 100 composite disc arrangement

[0117] V front edge

[0118] H trailing edge

[0119] S side edge

Claims

Patent claims 1. Composite pane arrangement (100), comprising: a composite pane (1 ) for separating an interior from an external environment, with an outer pane (2) and an inner pane (3) connected to each other by an intermediate layer (4), wherein at least one solar module (10) is arranged between the outer pane (2) and the inner pane (3), wherein the composite pane (1 ) has an illuminable pane (3, 23) having at least one coupling area (25) and at least one coupling area (26) for light, wherein a first area (5) of the composite pane (1 ) on the side of the at least one solar module (10) facing the external environment has a total transmission for light of more than 70%, and a second area (6) of the composite pane (1 ) on the side of the at least one solar module (10) facing the interior has a total transmission for light of at most 70%.wherein the composite pane (1) i) has in the first area (5) an untinted outer pane (2) and / or at least one untinted first thermoplastic adhesive film (7) and in the second area (6) a tinted inner pane (3) and / or at least one tinted second thermoplastic adhesive film (8), or ii) has in the first area (5) a tinted outer pane (2) and / or at least one tinted first thermoplastic adhesive film (7) and in the second area (6) a tinted inner pane (3) and / or at least one tinted second thermoplastic adhesive film (8), wherein the tint in the first area (5) is less than the tint in the second area (6), and / or ill) has in the second area (6) a transmission-reducing coating, a lighting device (15) with at least one light source (16) for generating light (21), wherein the light source (16) is arranged such thatthat light (21) generated by the light source (16) can be coupled into the illuminable disk (3, 23) in the coupling area (25).

2. Composite disk arrangement (100) according to claim 1, wherein the composite disk (1) comprises a plurality of solar modules (10), wherein i) adjacent solar modules (10) are arranged without an intermediate gap, and / or ii) adjacent solar modules (10) are arranged with an intermediate gap (14), and / or iii) adjacent solar modules are arranged along the same direction or at an angle other than 0°.

3. Composite disc arrangement (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the intermediate layer (4) comprises at least one first thermoplastic adhesive film (7) and at least one second thermoplastic adhesive film (8), wherein the at least one solar module (10) is arranged between the at least one first thermoplastic adhesive film (7) and the at least one second thermoplastic adhesive film (8), wherein the at least one solar module (10) is arranged in particular within a third thermoplastic adhesive film (9).

4. Composite disc arrangement (100) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first area (5) of the composite disc (1 ) has a total light transmission of more than 90%.

5. Composite disc arrangement (100) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second area (6) has a total transmission for light of a maximum of 50%, a maximum of 30%, a maximum of 10%, or a maximum of 5%, in particular 0%.

6. Composite disc arrangement (100) according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which the composite disc (1 ) has a reflection structure (18) with inclined surfaces (20) which is arranged on a surface of the illuminable disc (3, 23), wherein the inclined surfaces (20) are designed such that light (21 ) generated by the light source (16) is reflected into the illuminable disc (3, 23) at such an angle that total internal reflection of the reflected light takes place in the illuminable disc (3, 23).

7. Composite disc arrangement (100) according to claim 6, in which the at least one light source (16) is arranged in a perpendicular view through the illuminateable disc (3, 23) opposite the reflection structure (18).

8. Composite disc arrangement (100) according to claim 6 or 7, in which the reflection structure (18) is formed by a reflecting body arranged on the surface of the illuminateable disc (3, 23), wherein the reflecting body is in particular formed in the form of a microprismatic film which is in particular glued to the surface of the illuminateable disc (3, 23).

9. Composite disc arrangement (100) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the inclined surfaces (20) of the reflection structure (18) are formed by the illuminateable disc (3, 23).

10. Composite disc arrangement (100) according to one of claims 1 to 9, in which the lighting device (15) has a collimator (17) which is designed such that light (21) generated by the light source (16) is directed onto a surface of the illuminateable disc (3, 23). 1 1. Composite disc arrangement (100) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein i) the illuminateable disc is the inner disc (3) of the composite disc (1 ), or ii) is laminated as an additional disc (23) between the inner disc (2) and the outer disc (3) in the composite disc (1 ).

12. Composite disc arrangement (100) according to one of claims 1 to 1 1 , in which a masking layer (12), in particular in the form of a black print, is arranged on the outer or inner disc (2, 3).

13. Means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, or a building which has a composite disc arrangement (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. Use of the composite disc arrangement (100) according to one of claims 1 to 12 in means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in trains, ships and motor vehicles, for example as a windshield, rear window, side window and / or roof window, preferably as a roof window, or in buildings, in particular in the access area, window area, roof area or facade area.

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