Device for pneumatically enriching raw materials and method of using same

Abstract

The invention is intended for enriching ores, metallurgical products, coal, non-metallic minerals and food products. A method for pneumatically enriching raw materials includes starting up a device for generating rarefied air, placing on the belt of a conveyor a raw material to be enriched, passing the raw material to be enriched beneath a nozzle to form a fluidized bed of raw material particles of a given density, through which particles of a smaller density pass unhindered, swirling a particle-containing flow with the aid of an inlet pipe, directing the swirled particle-containing flow into a vortex settling chamber via the tangentially arranged inlet pipe, which additionally swirls the flow inside the settling chamber, settling particles by the interaction of swirling flows inside the settling chamber, discharging a purified flow from the vortex settling chamber via a purified flow outlet pipe which swirls the purified flow in the opposite direction with respect to the inlet pipe and consists of a cylindrical element, which is arranged vertically along the centre of the settling chamber, is submerged to a certain depth and has a blind wall at the top, and an outlet pipe that extends tangentially from the cylindrical element. The technical result is that of providing more efficient separation inside the settling chamber.

Description

Device for pneumatic enrichment of raw materials and method of its application Field of technology

[0001] The present invention relates to separation technology, namely to devices for the gravitational separation of solid materials by density, intended for the preliminary or final enrichment of ores, products of metallurgical production, coal, non-metallic minerals, food products, etc. State of the art

[0002] Various devices for beneficiating ores, coal, and non-metallic materials are currently available, and one of the primary methods is the separation of bulk solids by density, or gravity. These systems typically employ devices to create vacuum, creating ascending air currents above a permeable conveyor belt carrying the separated solids, entraining solid particles. These particles rise into a separation chamber, forming a voluminous fluidized bed of particles of a given density, through which particles of lower density pass unimpeded. These particles are then carried by the air flow into a gravity settling chamber, such as a vortex separator.In this case, the transport air is fed into the gravity settling chamber tangentially, which creates a rotational movement of the air and particle flows, and due to its shape, the flow moves downwards in a spiral, as a result of which heavier and denser particles settle, and the purified air flows rise upward and are removed through the outlet.

[0003] However, there is a problem with low-density solid particles entering the ascending purified airflow. This reduces particle separation efficiency, increases air pollution, and puts a strain on air purification devices.

[0004] To address this drawback, a tangential outlet duct is used to swirl the purified air flows, reversing the direction of air flow circulation. However, this configuration is ineffective, as particles at the boundary between the unpurified and purified flows can change direction and be carried away with the purified air. Therefore, there is a need to increase Particle separation efficiency. Other elements and structures that separate the purified and unpurified air flows can also be used, such as long hollow cylinders. However, such elements can complicate and increase the cost of the design, as well as increase the weight, making it more difficult to transport.

[0005] In the patent for utility model RU 97945 Ш (published: 27.09.2010; IPC: В04С 9 / 00) a cyclone is described, consisting of a housing in the form of a hollow truncated cone with a cover with a snail swirler, a tangential inlet and axial outlet pipe, a hopper with a sludge outlet pipe, coaxially with its housing and along its entire length to form an annular channel, a hollow conical insert is rigidly installed, and a baffle is rigidly installed on legs in the hopper, and the difference in the diameters of the housing and the hollow conical insert is either the same along the entire length of the housing, or increases along the length of the housing from its larger base to its smaller, or decreases along the length of the housing from its larger base to its smaller, the hollow insert is made of a cylindrical shape, perforated, and the size of the holes decreases along the length of the hollow insert from its smaller base to its larger one, at the entrance to the hollow conical insert a conical swirl,a conical fairing with windows in its base is rigidly installed inside the conical insert and coaxially with it, the difference in diameters of the hollow conical insert and the fairing is either the same along the entire length of the fairing, or increases along the length of the fairing from its base to the top, or decreases along the length of the fairing from its base to the top, the conical fairing is connected with its top to the top of the bumper.

[0006] The disadvantages of this technical solution are that it uses a snail swirler, which increases the cost and complexity of the design, and the cylindrical insert inside the vortex separator can reduce the efficiency of particle settling if it is immersed too deeply, as follows from the article "Improving the Efficiency of Dust Removal in Working Areas of Metalworking and Woodworking Industries" by Yu. I. Bulygin, Bulletin of DSTU, 2013, p. 50. Moreover, the outlet pipe is installed vertically in the gravity chamber, which leads to the absence of swirls in the ascending purified flow, which can also cause particles to enter the purified flow, since the inner cylinder is perforated.

[0007] Another invention close to the present invention is the patent for utility model RU 78703 Ш (published: 10.12.2008; IPC: B07B 9 / 00), which describes a pneumatic separation unit containing a loading hopper, a feeder, an air-permeable conveyor belt, nozzles located above the conveyor belt, configured to separate the source material into products of a certain density, settling chambers, a dust collection system, and a device for creating rarefied air in the nozzles, characterized in that the feeder is designed to ensure a uniform supply of the source material to the conveyor belt, all nozzles are located at the same distance from the conveyor belt, ensuring the unimpeded passage of the products to be separated, the nozzles are located along the air-permeable conveyor belt at a distance that excludes the impact of air flows from adjacent nozzles on the separation process and are installed with the ability to move all nozzles in the vertical direction, the collector of each nozzle has a blind wall on one side, and on the other side it is connected to the settling chamber, which is connected through the dust collection system to the device for creating a vacuum in the nozzles.

[0008] The disadvantages of this technical solution include the vertical outlet from the settling chamber, which prevents the formation of a vortex flow of purified air within the settling chamber. Consequently, particles from the untreated flow can enter the purified air flow, leading to a decrease in separation efficiency. Furthermore, this utility model does not describe the effect of the tangential entry of the nozzle channel into the nozzle manifold on the technical result.

[0009] Invention patent FI 123720 B (published: 15.10.2013; IPC: B65G 53 / 60; B65F 5 / 00) a method is described for increasing the separation efficiency of a separation device of a pneumatic material separation system, such as a waste transportation system, in which the material or waste to be transported is separated from the transport air and / or to prevent the outlet opening for the transport air of the separation device from being blocked, in which method the transport air and the material supplied with it are initially set in rotational motion in a chamber space of the separation device, the transport air is deflected in the chamber space of the separation device and directed into an outlet channel.In the method, the flow of transporting air is affected in the space of the chamber of the separating device or in the outlet channel by creating a guiding effect for the transporting air in a direction opposite to the direction of its rotational movement.

[0010] The disadvantages of this invention also include the fact that the use of a tangentially positioned outlet that changes direction The vortex flow is not effective enough, since particles at the boundary of the unpurified and purified flows can change their direction and be carried away along with the purified air. [UN] The disadvantages of all the above-mentioned inventions are the insufficient separation efficiency in the gravity sedimentation device, or the use of additional structures or systems, which can negatively affect the efficiency, cost, weight and complexity of the design, which can increase the cost of their maintenance, negatively affect the environment due to an increase in the amount of waste in the purified air, increase the cost of the filters used and increase the frequency of their maintenance, and complicate their transportation. The essence of the invention

[0012] The objective of the present invention is to create a pneumatic raw material enrichment device with a simple design that provides a high degree of separation of particles of a given density, and a method for its use. This objective is achieved by the claimed invention's technical result of increasing separation efficiency within a settling vortex chamber. These objectives are achieved, among other things, through: - swirling of the flow with particles inside the inlet pipe; - tangential connection of the inlet pipe with the settling vortex chamber; - tangential outlet from the outlet pipe of the purified flow; - opposite to the direction of the vortex created by the outlet pipe relative to the vortex created by the tangential connection of the inlet pipe into the settling vortex chamber.

[0013] More fully, the technical result is achieved by a device for pneumatic enrichment of raw materials, including an air-permeable conveyor, a nozzle located above the conveyor belt, an inlet pipe, a settling vortex chamber, a branch pipe for outputting the purified flow and a device for creating rarefied air, wherein the nozzle is connected to the inlet pipe, the inlet pipe is designed with the possibility of swirling the flow, while tangentially connected to the settling vortex chamber for secondary swirling of the flow, the branch pipe for outputting the purified flow consists of a cylindrical element located vertically in the center of the settling chamber and immersed to a certain depth, and having a blind wall at the top, and a branch pipe exiting tangentially from the cylindrical element, swirling the flow in opposite direction relative to the secondary vortex, and connected to a device for creating rarefied air.

[0014] A pneumatic separation device separates particles with a density lower than a predetermined value from raw material moving along a conveyor belt. The finest fractions immediately fall through the air-permeable conveyor belt and are removed, while the remaining particles continue to the suction zone located under the nozzle. A device that creates a vacuum causes the air flow to lift particles with a predetermined density into the nozzle, forming a fluidized bed through which only particles with a density lower than the predetermined value can pass. The particles are then transported by the ascending air flow into an inlet nozzle, designed to initially swirl the air flow with the particles of the separated raw material, and tangentially enters the wall of the settling vortex chamber. The settling vortex chamber is cylindrical at the top and tapers conically toward the bottom.Due to the swirling of the flow with particles inside the inlet pipe and its tangential connection with the settling vortex chamber, a secondary flow (a2) is created, forming a double vortex (a1 + a2) in it. The flow moves in a spiral along the wall of the settling vortex chamber downward, and the flow itself has swirls perpendicular to this spiral. The settling vortex chamber also has an outlet for the settled particles and a branch pipe for the discharge of the purified flow. On one side, the cylindrical element of the branch pipe for the discharge of the purified flow is vertically immersed in the center inside the settling vortex chamber to a certain depth, and on the other side, it has a blind wall and an outlet pipe emerging from the side surface of the cylindrical element above the settling vortex chamber, located tangentially to swirl the flow (a3) ​​in the opposite direction relative to the secondary flow (a2).Due to vortices generated in the inlet pipe, inside the settling chamber, and in the outlet pipe of the purified flow, a double downward vortex (a1 + a2) with settling particles is formed, rotating in one direction relative to the vertical axis of the settling chamber, and an ascending purified vortex (a3), rotating in the opposite direction. In the upper part of the settling chamber, larger raw material particles, under the action of centrifugal forces, are thrown aside, and due to collisions with each other and the walls of the settling chamber, as well as due to interaction with the ascending purified flow (a3), which has a different direction, the particles lose their kinetic energy and descend downwards toward the opening for enriched raw material. In the lower part of the settling chamber, according to the same principle, Due to the increased velocity, smaller raw material particles also settle, and the air flow changes direction, spiraling up into the purified flow outlet pipe and being removed. Eddies in the inlet pipe increase the velocity gradient at the interface between the descending (a1 + a2) and ascending (a3) ​​flows, thereby increasing the time it takes for the settling particles to change direction. Due to this, the particles, under the influence of gravity, have time to descend and concentrate at the bottom of the chamber and are not carried away by the ascending purified flow (a3) ​​into the purified flow outlet pipe, which directly impacts the achievement of the specified technical result. Raw material is discharged from the settling chamber periodically or continuously through an unloading device located at the bottom of the chamber, providing high airflow resistance.

[0015] The specified density of the separated particles can be adjusted by the flow rate created by the device for creating rarefied air and the vertical position of the nozzle above the conveyor belt.

[0016] In one particular embodiment, the present invention has a tangential nozzle entrance into the side surface of the inlet pipe, due to which an initial vortex of the flow with particles will be formed, or in another embodiment, spiral guides can be made inside the inlet pipe, performing the same function.

[0017] Also, in a particular embodiment, the present invention can be equipped with an air cleaning device connected to a settling vortex chamber and a device for creating rarefied air.

[0018] In another particular embodiment of the present invention, it can be designed so that the nozzle is positioned at an angle to the plane of the conveyor belt, forming an angle between the walls of the nozzle and the plane of the conveyor belt, directed in the direction of movement of the raw material.

[0019] In another particular embodiment of the present invention, it can be designed with the possibility of adjusting the height of its nozzle above the conveyor belt.

[0020] Also, in a particular embodiment of the present invention, the device for creating rarefied air can be designed with the ability to regulate the flow rate.

[0021] This invention also claims a method for using a device for pneumatic enrichment of raw materials to achieve technical results.

[0022] First, the device for creating rarefied air is started;

[0023] Then the enriched raw material is placed on the conveyor belt;

[0024] Next, the enriched raw material is moved under a nozzle, in which ascending air flows form a pseudo-boiling layer of raw material particles of a given density, and through which particles of lower density pass unhindered;

[0025] Then the flow with particles is swirled using the inlet pipe;

[0026] Next, the swirling flow with particles is directed into the settling vortex chamber through a tangentially located inlet pipe, which additionally swirls the flow inside the settling chamber;

[0027] After this, the particles are precipitated due to the interaction of vortex flows inside the settling chamber;

[0028] Then the purified flow is removed from the settling vortex chamber through the purified flow outlet pipe, which swirls the purified flow in the opposite direction relative to the inlet pipe. Description of drawings

[0029] To facilitate the understanding of the invention, a more specific description of the invention, briefly described above, will be given with reference to specific embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. These drawings depict only embodiments of the invention and, therefore, should not be construed as limiting its scope of application. Aspects of the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail using the accompanying drawings.

[0030] The subject matter of the present application is described point by point and clearly stated in the claims. The above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the invention are apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which show:

[0031] Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a device for pneumatic enrichment of raw materials according to the present invention.

[0032] Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of a separation vortex chamber with an inlet pipe and a pipe for discharging the purified flow according to the present invention.

[0033] Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of the flow movement in a settling vortex chamber according to the present invention.

[0034] Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of the settling chamber from above, indicating the directions of flow movements, according to the present invention.

[0035] Fig. 5 shows a schematic view of one of the possible implementations of the relative position of the nozzle and the conveyor belt at an angle, according to the present invention.

[0036] Fig. 6 shows a schematic view of one of the possible implementations of a tangential connection of a nozzle and an inlet pipe, according to the present invention.

[0037] Fig. 7 shows a schematic view of one of the possible implementations of an inlet pipe with spiral guides, according to the present invention.

[0038] Fig. 8 shows a schematic view of a device for pneumatic enrichment of raw materials using an air cleaning device in the form of a cyclone, according to the present invention.

[0039] Fig. 9 shows a schematic view of the block diagram of the proposed method for using the present invention.

[0040] The specified drawings are explained by the following positions: Device for pneumatic enrichment of raw materials - 1; Nozzle - 2; Air-permeable conveyor - 3; Inlet pipe - 4; Spiral guides - 5; Pseudo-fluidized bed - 6; Sedimentation vortex chamber - 7; Pipe for the outlet of the purified flow - 8; Cylindrical element of the pipe for the outlet of the purified flow - 8.1; Outlet pipe of the pipe for the outlet of the purified flow - 8.2; Device for creating rarefied air - 9; Raw materials - 10; Air cleaning device - 11. Detailed description

[0041] The following detailed description of the invention includes numerous implementation details intended to provide a clear understanding of the present invention. However, one skilled in the art will readily understand how the present invention may be used with or without these implementation details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, and components have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the features of the present invention.

[0042] Furthermore, it is clear from the foregoing that the invention is not limited to the embodiment shown. Numerous possible modifications, changes, Variations and substitutions that preserve the essence and form of the present invention are obvious to those skilled in the art.

[0043] Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a device for enriching raw materials 1 according to the present invention. This device includes a nozzle 2 located above the belt of an air-permeable conveyor 3, which is connected to an inlet pipe 4. The inlet pipe 4 is tangentially connected to the upper part of the settling vortex chamber 7, which has two sections - a cylindrical upper section and a conically tapering lower section. A schematic view of the settling chamber is shown in Figs. 2 and 3. In the lower part of the settling vortex chamber 7, there may also be an unloading device providing high resistance to the air flow, with the help of which the raw material 10 is unloaded periodically or continuously. In the upper part of the settling vortex chamber 7, a cylindrical element 8.1 of the branch pipe for discharging the purified flow 8 is coaxially located, which is immersed in the settling vortex chamber 7 to a certain depth, protrudes above it and has a blind wall on top.Outside the vortex chamber 7, there is an outlet branch pipe 8.2 tangentially exiting from the side surface of the cylindrical element 8.1 of the outlet branch pipe for the purified flow 8 and changing the swirl of the flow to the opposite direction relative to the swirl caused by the tangential connection of the inlet branch pipe 4 and the settling vortex chamber 7. Further, the outlet branch pipe for the purified flow 8 is connected to a device for creating rarefied air 9.

[0044] The device for creating rarefied air 9 draws air from connected systems and components, thereby creating air flows directed toward it. A fan, for example, can be used as such a device. To change the density, it creates an air flow in nozzle 2, which lifts and draws in raw material particles 10 of a certain density, depending on the velocity of the generated flow. These particles and air flows then move from nozzle 2 into inlet pipe 4, where they enter settling vortex chamber 7, where raw material particles 10 settle and concentrate in the lower part of settling vortex chamber 7. The air flows are directed into purified flow outlet pipe 8, exit chamber 7, and enter the device for creating rarefied air 9.In another possible embodiment of the present invention, the device for creating rarefied air 9 can be designed with the ability to regulate the speed of the flow created, for example by regulating the rotation speed of the fan motor, or by means of. valves. This allows for changing the density at which the pneumatic feedstock enrichment device 1 is set for separating feedstock particles 10. Also, in one particular embodiment of the present invention, an air cleaning device 11 can be connected to the purified flow outlet pipe 8 and the device for creating rarefied air 9, which will clean the air from particularly small and unseparated particles. The air cleaning device 11 can be implemented as a cyclone, as shown in Fig. 8.

[0045] The air-permeable conveyor 3 may be a belt conveyor. Raw material 10 moves along the belt, which in turn may be made of mesh, perforated fabric, or other materials, capable of transporting the separated raw material 10 along its surface. Raw material 10 itself may be fed onto the conveyor belt 3 by a feeder, such as an inclined vibrating chute that evenly distributes the raw material 10 onto the conveyor 3, or by another suitable device.

[0046] Raw material 10 moves along conveyor 3 into the suction zone under nozzle 2, wherein the smallest particles of raw material 10 spill through conveyor 3 and are removed from the separation zone. Under the action of the lifting forces of ascending air currents, the remaining particles of raw material 10 rise into nozzle 2, forming a pseudo-fluidized bed 6 of raw material particles 10 of a given density. Only particles of raw material 10 with a density lower than the given density enter this pseudo-fluidized bed 6 and pass through it unimpeded. Due to this, pneumatic separation of the particles of raw material 10 by density occurs. Also, in a particular embodiment of the device for pneumatic enrichment of raw material 1, in order to increase the separation efficiency, nozzle 2 can be positioned at an angle relative to the surface of the belt of air-permeable conveyor 3, forming an angle directed in the direction of movement of the raw material along conveyor 3, as shown in Fig. 5.At high conveyor belt 3 speeds, raw material particles 10 acquire a high horizontal velocity, and parasitic flows may form, which can entrain raw material particles 10 with a density greater than the specified one. However, due to the inclined position of nozzle 2, the influence of parasitic flows is reduced, and the distribution of particles in the pseudo-fluidized bed 6 becomes more uniform, due to the change in the trajectory of movement of a portion of the raw material 10 by the inclined surface of the far wall (in the direction of conveyor belt movement) of nozzle 2, which directs the particles in the opposite direction. In another particular embodiment, nozzle 2 can be configured to adjust its height above. air-permeable conveyor 3. Due to this, it is possible to change the set density of the raw material particles 10 for separation without changing the speed of the ascending air flow.

[0047] The nozzle 2 is connected to the inlet pipe 4 and the air flows with particles are transferred into it. The inlet pipe 4 is made cylindrical with the possibility of swirling the flow (al) with the particles of the raw material 10. In one of the particular implementations of the present invention, the swirling is caused by the tangential entry of the nozzle 2 into the side surface of the inlet pipe 4, as shown in Fig. 6. In another possible implementation, the inlet pipe 4 can be made using spiral guides 5 located inside the inlet pipe, as shown in Fig. 7. Due to this, the flow with the particles of the raw material 10 acquires a rotational component of velocity and forms a primary vortex flow (al), which is then directed into the settling vortex chamber 7.

[0048] The settling vortex chamber 7 with an inlet pipe and a pipe for discharging the purified flow 8 is shown in Fig. 2. It has two sections - an upper one, made cylindrically, and a lower one, tapering downwards. The inlet pipe 4 is connected to the settling vortex chamber 7 tangentially in its upper part, as shown in Figs. 1 - 4, and due to the tangential connection, a secondary vortex flow (a2) is formed. Also, the raw material 10 from the settling vortex chamber 7 is unloaded periodically or continuously through an unloading device providing high resistance to the air flow and located in the lower part of the chamber 7. In the upper part of the settling vortex chamber 7, a cylindrical element 8.1 of the pipe for discharging the purified flow 8 is coaxially located, which is immersed in the settling vortex chamber 7 to a certain depth, protrudes above it and has a blind wall on top. An outlet pipe 8 is located outside the vortex chamber 7.2 tangentially exiting from the side surface of the cylindrical element 8.1 of the outlet pipe for the purified flow 8, which swirls the flow (a3) ​​in the opposite direction relative to the secondary vortex (a2), as shown in Fig. 4. Due to the swirl of the flow with raw material particles 10 inside the inlet pipe 4 and its tangential entrance into the settling vortex chamber 7, a double vortex flow (a1 + a2) is formed in it. This flow moves in a spiral along the wall of the settling vortex chamber 7 downwards. Due to the swirls formed in the outlet pipe for the purified flow 8, an ascending vortex flow rotating in the opposite direction (a3) ​​is formed. In the upper part of the settling chamber 7, larger particles of raw material 10, under the action of centrifugal forces, are thrown back, and due to collisions with each other and the walls of the settling chamber 7, as well as due to interaction with the ascending purified vortex flow (aZ), which has a different direction, the particles lose their kinetic energy and are concentrated in the lower part of the chamber 7. In the lower part of the settling vortex chamber 7, according to the same principle, due to the increase in speed in its lower converging part, smaller particles of raw material 10 are also deposited, and the air flow changes its direction, passing into the third vortex flow (aZ) and rises in a spiral into the outlet pipe of the purified flow 8 and is removed. In order to entrain particles into the ascending vortex flow (aZ) during the transition from the descending (a1 + a2), the ascending flow (aZ) must first dampen the velocities transferred to the particles by the descending vortex flow (a1 + a2) and impart its own oppositely directed velocity.The vortices in the inlet pipe 4 increase the velocity gradient at the interface between the descending (a1+a2) and ascending vortex flows (a3), thereby increasing the time for the velocity of the settling particles of the raw material 10 to change direction. Due to this, the particles, under the influence of gravity, have time to concentrate in the lower part of the settling vortex chamber 7 and are not carried away by the ascending purified vortex flow (a3) ​​into the purified flow outlet pipe 8, which directly affects the achievement of the stated technical result. A schematic view of the movement of the vortex flows (a1+a2) and (a3) ​​is shown in Fig.3 That is, in the absence of the primary vortex of the flow (al), with the interaction of only the secondary vortex flow (a2) and the third ascending vortex flow (a3), more particles of raw material 10 might not have time to descend to the opening for enriched raw material 11, due to which they would be carried away by the ascending flow (a3) ​​from the settling vortex chamber 7 into the outlet pipe for the purified flow 8. Raw material 10 is unloaded from the settling vortex chamber periodically or continuously through an unloading device providing high resistance to the air flow and located in the lower part of the chamber 7.

[0049] It is important to note that any additional elements of the pneumatic raw material enrichment device 1 described above may be used individually, all together, or in any combination. Implementing the pneumatic raw material enrichment device 1 with any additional element will lead to the achievement of additional technical results described in the application, in addition to the primary technical result. Furthermore, any of the additional features of the device may be interpreted as an additional feature of the method of using the pneumatic enrichment device. raw materials 1. Similarly, any of the additional features of the method of using the raw material enrichment device can be interpreted as an additional design feature of the pneumatic raw material enrichment device 1.

[0050] Fig. 9 shows a block diagram depicting a method of using a device for pneumatic enrichment of raw materials 1. According to it, the device for creating rarefied air 9 is first started.

[0051] Then the enriched raw material 10 is placed on the conveyor belt 3, for example using a feeder.

[0052] Next, the enriched raw material 10 is moved under the nozzle 2, in which the ascending air flows form a pseudo-boiling layer 6 of particles of raw material 10 of a given density, and through which particles of lower density pass unhindered.

[0053] Then the flow with particles is swirled using the inlet pipe 4;

[0054] Next, the swirled flow with particles is directed into the settling vortex chamber 7 through the tangentially located inlet pipe 4, which additionally swirls the flow inside the settling chamber 7;

[0055] After this, the particles are precipitated due to the interactions of the vortex flows (a1+a2) and (a3) ​​inside the settling vortex chamber 7, which have opposite directions of movement, formed due to the tangential arrangement of the inlet pipe 4 and the outlet pipe 8.2, which is part of the outlet pipe for the purified flow 8, swirling the flows in opposite directions, and due to the swirling in the inlet pipe 4;

[0056] Then the purified flow is removed from the settling vortex chamber 7 through the purified flow outlet pipe 8, which swirls the purified flow in the opposite direction relative to the inlet pipe 4.

[0057] Also, additionally, the height of the nozzle 2 above the air-permeable conveyor 3 can be additionally adjusted to regulate the density of the raw material 10, for the separation of which the device 1 is configured.

[0058] Also, the flow can swirl in the inlet pipe 4 due to the tangential connection of the nozzle 2 and the inlet pipe 4.

[0059] Also, the flow can swirl in the inlet pipe 4 due to the spiral guides 5.

[0060] In this case, the purified flow can be additionally filtered in the air cleaning device 11.

[0061] In another embodiment, the flow rate can be additionally adjusted using a device for creating rarefied air 9.

[0062] In the presented best implementation, the device for pneumatic enrichment of raw materials is designed as follows. The separated raw material 10 is uniformly fed onto an air-permeable belt conveyor 3 by means of a vibrating inclined chute. An inclined nozzle 2 is located above a section of conveyor 3, forming an angle between the walls of nozzle 2 and the plane of conveyor belt 3, directed in the direction of movement of raw material 10. The height above conveyor belt 3 and the speed in nozzle 2 are adjusted to separate particles of raw material 10 with a density below a certain one. The flow rate is regulated by the rotation speed of the motor of the device for creating rarefied air 9, implemented in the form of a gas pump. Nozzle 2 is tangentially connected to inlet pipe 4, which, in turn, is tangentially connected to settling vortex chamber 7 in its upper part. It has two sections - an upper, cylindrical one, and a lower, conically tapering downwards.In the lower part of the settling vortex chamber 7 there is an unloading device providing high resistance to the air flow through which the raw material 10 is continuously unloaded. In the upper part of the settling vortex chamber 7, a cylindrical element 8.1 of the outlet pipe for the purified flow 8 is coaxially located, which is immersed in the settling vortex chamber 7 to a certain depth, protrudes above it and has a blind wall on top. Outside the vortex chamber 7 there is an outlet pipe 8.2 tangentially exiting from the side surface of the cylindrical element 8.1 of the outlet pipe for the purified flow 8, which swirls the flow (a3) ​​in the opposite direction relative to the swirl caused by the tangential connection of the inlet pipe 4 and the settling chamber 7. The outlet pipe for the purified flow 8 is connected to an air cleaning device 11 made in the form of a cyclone, which, in turn, is connected to a device for creating rarefied air 9.

[0063] The terminology used herein is intended to describe specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit the present invention. It should further be understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "includes," when used in this specification, indicate the presence of the claimed features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, component elements, and / or groups thereof.

[0064] The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or elements of a step plus function in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing a function in combination with other claimed elements, as specifically claimed. The description of the present invention is presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the form described. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiment has been selected and described to best explain the principles of the invention and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention in various embodiments with various modifications that are suitable for the specific intended use.

[0065] Thus, the mentioned elements directly influence the technical results, which consist in increasing the separation efficiency inside the settling vortex chamber.

[0066] These application materials present a preferred disclosure of the implementation of the claimed technical solution, which should not be used as limiting other, particular embodiments of its implementation that do not go beyond the requested scope of legal protection and are obvious to specialists in the relevant field of technology.

Claims

Invention formula 1. A device for pneumatic enrichment of raw materials, including an air-permeable conveyor, a nozzle located above the conveyor belt, an inlet pipe, a settling vortex chamber, a branch pipe for discharging the purified flow and a device for creating rarefied air, wherein the nozzle is connected to the inlet pipe, the inlet pipe is designed with the possibility of swirling the flow, while tangentially connected to the settling vortex chamber for secondary swirling of the flow, a branch pipe for discharging the purified flow, swirling the flow in the opposite direction relative to the secondary swirling, and connected to the device for creating rarefied air, wherein the branch pipe for discharging the purified flow consists of a cylindrical element located vertically in the center of the settling chamber and immersed to a certain depth, and having a blind wall at the top, and an outlet pipe exiting tangentially from the cylindrical element.

2. A device for enriching raw materials according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the nozzle enters the inlet pipe tangentially.

3. A device for enriching raw materials according to paragraph 1, characterized in that spiral guides are provided in the inlet pipe.

4. A device for enriching raw materials according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it additionally contains an air cleaning device connected to a settling vortex chamber and a device for creating rarefied air.

5. A device for enriching raw materials according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the nozzle is located at an angle to the plane of the conveyor belt, with the formation of an angle between the walls of the nozzle and the plane of the conveyor belt, directed in the direction of movement of the raw materials.

6. A device for enriching raw materials according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the nozzle is designed with the possibility of adjusting its height above the air-permeable conveyor.

7. A device for enriching raw materials according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the device for creating rarefied air is designed with the ability to regulate the flow rate.

8. A method of using a device for pneumatic enrichment of raw materials according to paragraph 1, in which: - start the device to create rarefied air; - place the enriched raw material on the conveyor belt; - move the enriched raw material under the nozzle to form a pseudo-fluidized layer of raw material particles of a given density, through which particles of lower density pass unhindered, - swirl the flow with particles using the inlet pipe, - direct the swirling flow with particles into the settling vortex chamber through a tangentially located inlet pipe, which additionally swirls the flow inside the settling chamber, - precipitate particles due to the interaction of vortex flows inside the settling chamber, - the purified flow is removed from the settling vortex chamber through the purified flow outlet pipe, which swirls the purified flow in the opposite direction relative to the inlet pipe.

9. A method for using a raw material enrichment device according to paragraph 8, characterized in that the height of the nozzle above the air-permeable conveyor is additionally adjusted.

10. A method for using a raw material enrichment device according to paragraph 8, characterized in that the flow is swirled in the inlet pipe due to the tangential connection of the nozzle and the inlet pipe.

11. A method for using a raw material enrichment device according to paragraph 8, characterized in that the flow is swirled in the inlet pipe by means of spiral guides.

12. A method for using a raw material enrichment device according to paragraph 8, characterized in that the purified flow is additionally filtered in an air cleaning device.

13. A method for using a device for enriching raw materials according to paragraph 8, characterized in that the flow rate is additionally regulated using a device for creating rarefied air.

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