Coupling assembly for securing a corner casting of a container

Abstract

The coupling assembly includes a locking assembly with a locking cone that is rotatable about a locking shaft axis between an open position and a closed position. In the open position, a corner casting of a container is receivable on the locking cone, and in the closed position, a corner casting of a container is securable to the locking cone. The assembly also includes a locking shaft connected to the locking cone, a follower cam connected to the locking shaft, and a guide slot configured to guide the movement of the follower cam. A motor is operatively coupled to the locking shaft to move the follower cam in the guide slot, controlling the rotation and axial movement of the locking cone between the open position, the closed position, and the retracted position.

Description

[0001] Coupling assembly for securing a corner casting of a container

[0002] Field

[0003] The technology relates to the field of transportation, specifically to the coupling and securing of shipping containers on trailers, such as those used in the trucking and logistics industry. This field involves the development of systems and mechanisms for efficiently and securely attaching containers to trailers for safe and reliable transportation.

[0004] The transportation of shipping containers is a key aspect of global trade and logistics. Standard ISO shipping containers are typically secured to road-going container chassis using twistlocks, which are devices designed to lock and clamp the containers in place. The process of lashing containers onto the chassis is essential for ensuring the safety and stability of the cargo during transportation.

[0005] Traditionally, twistlocks on roadgoing vehicles require manual operation by a driver or other personnel. This involves physically manipulating the twistlocks to lock and clamp, or to retract them into their housings. The process can be labour-intensive, timeconsuming, and poses safety risks to the individuals involved. Furthermore, the manual operation of twistlocks is subject to human errors, which can lead to accidents and damage to the cargo or the vehicle.

[0006] In recent years, there have been attempts to develop actuated twistlock systems that use hydraulic or pneumatic means to automate the locking and clamping process. However, these systems often involve multiple moving parts and complex mechanisms, which can increase the chances of failure and maintenance issues. Additionally, the complexity of these actuated twistlock systems results in higher production and maintenance costs for the end user.

[0007] Another challenge associated with the current twistlock systems is their incompatibility with the emerging trend of autonomous vehicles. As the transportation industry moves towards greater automation, there is a need for twistlock systems that can be operated without human intervention. The manual process of operating twistlocks is not compatible with autonomous vehicles, which require automation of all vehicle-related tasks, including cargo lashing.

[0008] Summary

[0009] According to a first aspect of the disclosure, a coupling assembly is provided for securing a corner casting of a container. The coupling assembly comprises a locking assembly that includes a locking cone. The locking cone is rotatable about a locking shaft axis between an open position and a closed position. In the open position, a corner casting of a container is receivable on the locking cone, and in the closed position, a corner casting of a container is securable to the locking cone. The coupling assembly also includes a locking shaft connected to the locking cone. The locking shaft is axially movable along the locking shaft axis between the closed position and a retracted position. In the retracted position, the locking cone is retracted into a coupling housing. The coupling assembly further includes a follower cam connected to the locking shaft and a guide slot configured to guide the movement of the follower cam. A motor is operatively coupled to the locking shaft in order to move the follower cam in the guide slot to control the rotation and axial movement of the locking cone between the open position, the closed position, and the retracted position. This aspect of the disclosure provides the advantage of a mechanism for securing a container to a vehicle which can be controlled with a single motor.

[0010] Optionally in some examples, the locking cone is axially movable along the locking shaft axis to a position between the closed position and the retracted position. In the clamped position, the locking cone exerts a clamping force against a corner casting of a container. This provides the advantage of securely holding the container in place during transport.

[0011] Optionally in some examples, the coupling assembly further comprises an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) configured to control the motor to move the locking cone between the open position, the closed position, the clamped position, and the retracted position. This provides the advantage of automated control of the coupling assembly, reducing the need for manual intervention.

[0012] Optionally in some examples, the coupling assembly further comprises a sensor assembly configured to detect the position of the locking cone and provide feedback to the ECU. This provides the advantage of real-time monitoring of the position of the locking cone, allowing for precise control of the coupling assembly.

[0013] Optionally in some examples, the sensor assembly comprises at least one of an open position sensor, a closed position sensor, and a retracted position sensor. This provides the advantage of precise detection of the various positions of the locking cone, enhancing the control and operation of the coupling assembly.

[0014] Optionally in some examples, the open position sensor, the closed position sensor, and the retracted position sensor are a proximity sensor, a hall sensor, optical sensor, a capacitive sensor, or a magnetic sensor.

[0015] Optionally in some examples, the motor comprises a rotational sensor configured to detect the open position, the closed position and the retracted position of the locking cone based on the detected rotational movement of the motor by the rotational sensor. This provides the advantage of precise control of the motor and the locking cone, enhancing the operation of the coupling assembly.

[0016] Optionally in some examples, the coupling assembly further comprises a gear assembly operatively coupled between a drive shaft of the motor and the locking shaft in order to transfer motion from the motor to the follower cam.

[0017] Optionally in some examples, the gear assembly comprises a first gear fixed to the outside of the locking shaft and a second gear mounted on the drive shaft, the first gear engaging the second gear. In some other examples, two motors are provided wherein each motor is arranged to move the locking assembly in a different direction. For example, the first motor is arranged to rotate the locking cone in a horizontal direction and the second motor is arranged to linearly move the locking cone in a vertical linear direction. Optionally in some examples, the coupling assembly further comprises a communication interface connected to a CAN BUS for integrating with a control system of a vehicle, a trailer, or a remote-control unit.

[0018] Optionally in some examples, the coupling assembly further comprises a shear block configured to move between a shear block retracted position and a shear block extended position. As the locking cone moves from the clamped position to the retracted position, the locking cone engages a shear block shoulder portion and both the shear block, and the locking cone retract into the coupling housing. This provides the advantage of being able to configure the coupling assembly when not in use such that the locking cone and shear block do not interfere with a container.

[0019] Optionally in some examples, the coupling assembly further comprises a tool socket configured to receive an external tool for manually moving the locking shaft and the follower cam along the guide slot. This provides the advantage of manual operation of the coupling assembly in case of failure of the motor or other components.

[0020] According to a second aspect of the disclosure, a vehicle is provided comprising a plurality of coupling assemblies as described above. The vehicle is configured to accommodate different container sizes by providing different arrangements of coupling assemblies on the vehicle extended or retracted. This provides the advantage of versatility in the types of containers that can be secured to the vehicle.

[0021] Optionally in some examples, the container sizes comprise at least one of a 20-foot, 30-foot, 40-foot, 45-foot, and 53-foot container. This provides the advantage of accommodating a wide range of container sizes, enhancing the versatility of the vehicle.

[0022] Optionally in some examples, the vehicle further comprises a vehicle coupling assembly control unit connected to the ECU via a CAN BUS and configured to issue control instructions to an ECU of the coupling assemblies. This provides the advantage of centralised control of the coupling assemblies, enhancing the operation of the vehicle.

[0023] According to a third aspect of the disclosure, a method of operating a coupling assembly as described above is provided. The method comprises the steps of receiving an instruction from a user or a vehicle coupling assembly control unit to move the locking cone and issuing a control instruction to the motor to move the follower cam in the guide slot in order to control the rotation and axial movement of the locking cone between the open position, the closed position, and the retracted position.

[0024] Brief Description of the Drawings

[0025] Examples are described in more detail below with reference to the appended drawings. Figure 1 is a perspective view of a vehicle for containers with eight twistlocks mounted, illustrating the arrangement of the coupling assemblies on the vehicle or trailer according to some examples;

[0026] Figure 2a is a perspective view of the coupling assembly in the open position, showing the locking cone ready to receive a corner casting of a container according to some examples;

[0027] Figure 2b is a perspective view of the coupling assembly in the closed position, showing the locking cone securing a corner casting of a container according to some examples;

[0028] Figure 2c is a perspective view of the coupling assembly in the clamped position, showing the locking cone exerting a clamping force against the corner casting of a container according to some examples;

[0029] Figure 2d is a perspective view of the coupling assembly in the retracted position, showing the locking cone retracted into the coupling housing according to some examples;

[0030] Figure 3a is a detailed perspective view of the locking assembly in the open position according to some examples;

[0031] Figure 3b is a detailed perspective view of the locking assembly in the closed position according to some examples;

[0032] Figure 3c is a detailed perspective view of the locking assembly in the clamped position according to some examples; Figure 3d is a detailed perspective view of the locking assembly in the retracted position according to some examples;

[0033] Figure 4 is a schematic arrangement of the coupling assembly and a vehicle, showing the connection between the vehicle coupling assembly control unit, the electronic control unit, and the motor assembly of the coupling assembly according to some examples;

[0034] Figure 5 is a flow diagram of the operation of the coupling assembly, outlining the steps involved in moving the locking cone between the open, closed, clamped, and retracted positions according to some examples;

[0035] Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional perspective view of the coupling assembly according to some examples; and

[0036] Figure 7 shows a cross-sectional perspective view of a component of the coupling assembly according to some examples.

[0037] Detailed Description

[0038] The detailed description set forth below provides information and examples of the disclosed technology with sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosure.

[0039] Figure 1 provides a perspective view of a vehicle 100, specifically a container chassis designed for ISO containers. The vehicle 100 is equipped with multiple coupling assemblies 108, which are arranged in a specific configuration on the vehicle 100. The coupling assemblies 108 are designed to secure the corner castings of a container, allowing for secure transportation of the container on the vehicle 100. The vehicle 100 and the coupling assemblies 108 are designed to work together to provide a secure and efficient system for transporting containers.

[0040] The vehicle 100, as depicted in Figure 1 , is a container chassis designed to transport ISO containers. The vehicle 100 is equipped with multiple coupling assemblies 108, which are arranged in a specific configuration on the vehicle 100. The configuration of the coupling assemblies 108 on the vehicle 100 is designed to accommodate different container sizes. This allows the vehicle 100 to transport a variety of containers, providing flexibility and versatility in its operation.

[0041] In some examples, the vehicle 100 is a trailer configured to receive a container. However, in other examples, the vehicle 100 can be a trailer and prime mover configuration. For example, the primer move may be a truck. In other examples, the vehicle 100 can be a carriage of a train. In yet other examples, the vehicle 100 can be an autonomous vehicle configured to receive and secure a container. For example, the autonomous vehicle can be a chassis with an integrated prime mover. Hereinafter the term vehicle 100 will be used to refer to a trailer or any other suitable vehicle for conveying a container.

[0042] The vehicle 100 comprises multiple coupling assemblies 108. These coupling assemblies 108 are arranged in a specific configuration on the vehicle 100. The specific configuration of the coupling assemblies 108 on the vehicle 100 is configured to accommodate different container sizes. For example, in some examples the arrangement of coupling assemblies 108 are configured to receive and secure one or more of a 20-foot, 30-foot, 40-foot, 45-foot, and 53-foot container.

[0043] Figure 1 shows an exemplary arrangement of eight coupling assemblies 108. Two coupling assemblies 108 are arranged at a front end of the vehicle 100 and another two coupling assemblies 108 are arranged at a rear end of the vehicle 100. Another four coupling assemblies 108 are positioned in the middle between the front end and the rear end of the vehicle 100. This means that the arrangement of coupling assemblies 108 as shown in Figure 1 could receive and secure e.g. one 40-foot container or two 20-foot containers. Four coupling assemblies 108 can be used at the same time to secure four corresponding corner castings of a container to be secured to the vehicle 100.

[0044] The specific mode of operation of the coupling assemblies 108 can be modified to secure different container configurations as discussed below. Whilst Figure 1 shows eight coupling assemblies 108, in other arrangements there can be more or less coupling assemblies 108 to receive and secure different length containers. For example, there can be an additional two coupling assemblies 108 between the middle coupling assemblies 108 and the two coupling assemblies 108 at the rear end of the vehicle 100 which are positioned to receive a 30-foot container together with the coupling assemblies 108 on the front end of the vehicle 100. This allows the vehicle 100 to transport a variety of containers, providing flexibility and versatility in its operation.

[0045] Each coupling assembly 108 includes a locking assembly 110 having a locking cone 112. The locking cone 112 is rotatable about a locking shaft axis 146 between an open position and a closed position. In the open position, a corner casting of a container is receivable on the locking cone 112 whereas in the closed position, a corner casting of a container is securable to the locking cone 112. The locking shaft 114 is connected to the locking cone 112 and is axially movable along the locking shaft axis 146 between the closed position, a clamped position and a retracted position. In the clamped position, the locking cone 112 exerts a clamping force against a corner casting of a container. In contrast when the locking cone 112 is in the retracted position, the locking cone 112 is retracted into a coupling housing 118.

[0046] The operation and components of the coupling assembly 108 and the locking assembly 110 will be discussed in more detail below.

[0047] The vehicle 100 also includes a vehicle coupling assembly control unit 102. In some examples, the vehicle coupling assembly control unit 102 can be a vehicle control unit, a trailer control unit or any other control unit configured to send control instructions to the coupling assembly 108. In some examples the vehicle coupling assembly control unit 102 can be remote from the vehicle 100. However, as shown in the accompanying Figures, the vehicle coupling assembly control unit 102 is mounted on the vehicle 100 e.g. a trailer control unit. The vehicle coupling assembly control unit 102 is arranged in a master-slave arrangement with an electronic control unit (ECU) 120 of each coupling assembly 108. The vehicle coupling assembly control unit 102 is connected to the ECU 120 via the CANBUS 106. The vehicle coupling assembly control unit 102 is configured to issue control instructions to the ECU 120.

[0048] The control instructions issued by the vehicle coupling assembly control unit 102 control the operation of the coupling assemblies 108. Specifically, the control instructions control the movement of the locking cone 112 between the open position, the closed position, the clamped position, and the retracted position. This allows the vehicle coupling assembly control unit 102 to control the securing of a corner casting of a container by the coupling assemblies 108. Operation of the coupling assembly 108 together with the electronic control unit (ECU) 120 is discussed in more detail below with reference to Figure 5.

[0049] The vehicle 100 also optionally includes a power line (not shown), which is part of the CAN BUS 106 or separate from the CAN BUS 106. The power line provides power to the various components of the vehicle 100, including the vehicle coupling assembly control unit 102 and the coupling assemblies 108. The power line is designed to provide a reliable and efficient power supply to these components, ensuring their proper operation. In some examples, additionally or alternatively, the coupling assemblies 108 can comprise a local power source e.g. a battery (not shown). In yet another example, additionally or alternatively the vehicle coupling assembly control unit 102 comprise a battery to provide power to the coupling assemblies 108. However, in some examples it may be preferable to connect each coupling assembly 108 with a power line so that batteries do not need to be maintained or replaced.

[0050] In some configurations, the CANBUS 106 may be replaced or supplemented by an Ethernet connection. Indeed, any suitable data I power connection between the coupling assemblies 108 and the vehicle 100 can be used.

[0051] Each coupling assembly 108 includes a controller housing (not shown) that houses the electronic control unit (ECU) 120. The controller housing is mounted in the coupling housing 118, providing a secure and protected location for the ECU 120. The controller housing is designed to be waterproof and dustproof, protecting the ECU 120 from environmental factors that could potentially damage it or interfere with its operation. The electronic control unit (ECU) 120 is discussed in more detail below.

[0052] The structure of the coupling assembly 108 will now be discussed in more detail with respect to Figures 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d and Figures 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d. Figures 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d respectively show a perspective view of the coupling assembly 108 in the open position, the closed position, the clamped position, and the retracted position. Figures 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d respectively show the locking assembly 110 of the coupling assembly 108 in the same positions as shown in Figures 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d. However, for the purposes of clarity the coupling housing 118 is not shown in Figures 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d.

[0053] Figures 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d show a single coupling assembly 108, however as discussed above, a vehicle 100 can have a plurality of cooperating coupling assemblies 108 wherein each coupling assembly 108 is identical. A single coupling assembly 108 will now be described. Whilst each coupling assembly 108 is structurally the same as another, in some examples, each coupling assembly 108 comprise a unique identity. For example, the ECU 102 of each coupling assembly 108 comprises a unique ECU identification information.

[0054] The coupling assembly 108 includes a locking assembly 110, a locking cone 112, a locking shaft 114, a follower cam 116, a guide slot 148, and a motor 124. The locking assembly 110 includes a locking cone 112 that is rotatable about a locking shaft axis 146 between the open position and the closed position. The locking assembly 110 comprises a locking cone 112, a locking shaft 114, a follower cam 116, and a guide slot 148. The locking shaft 114 is connected to the locking cone 112 and is axially movable along the locking shaft axis 146. The follower cam 116 is connected to the locking shaft 114 and is guided by the guide slot 148. The motor 124 is operatively coupled to the locking shaft 114 to control the rotation and axial movement of the locking cone 112. These components will be discussed in more detail below.

[0055] Figure 2a provides a perspective view of the coupling assembly 108 in the open position. The locking cone 112 as shown in Figures 2a and 3a is ready to receive a corner casting of a container.

[0056] The locking cone 112 is rotatable about a locking shaft axis 146 between the open position and the closed position. The locking shaft axis 146 is the axis about which the locking cone 112 rotates between the open position and the closed position (as best shown in Figure 3a). The locking shaft axis 146 also defines the direction of axial movement of the locking shaft 114. Both the locking shaft 114 and an outer sleeve 128 extend along the locking shaft axis 146. The locking cone 112 is connected to the locking shaft 114 and is axially movable along the locking shaft axis 146. The locking cone 112 and the locking shaft 114 may be a single unitary element. In other examples the locking cone 112 and the locking shaft 114 are fastened together e.g. welded. The locking cone 112 in some examples comprises chamfered edges to provide a “cone” shape. The shape of the locking cone 112 of twistlocks is known and will not be discussed in any further detail.

[0057] The locking shaft 114 is connected to the locking cone 112 and is axially movable along the locking shaft axis 146. The locking shaft 114 is elongated and generally cylindrical in shape. The locking shaft 114 is designed to transfer motion from the motor 124 to the follower cam 116, controlling the rotation and axial movement of the locking cone 112.

[0058] The follower cam 116 fixed with respect to the locking shaft 114 and projects radially from the surface of the locking shaft 114. The follower cam 116 can be a pin element wherein one end of the pin is threaded into a reciprocal hole in the locking shaft 114. Although not visible in the accompanying Figures, in some examples, the locking assembly 110 optionally comprises a corresponding follower cam 116 and guide slot 148 on diametrically opposite sides of the locking shaft 114 and outer sleeve 128. This increases the stability of robustness of the coupling assembly 108. The plurality of guide slots 148 are identical and guide each follower cam 116 along the same movement. In some other less preferred options, there is only a single follower cam 116 and guide slot 148. Alternatively, the follower cam 116 is welded or adhered to the outer surface of the locking shaft 114. Since the follower cam 116 is fixed with respect to the locking shaft 114, as the locking shaft 114 moves so does the follower cam 116.

[0059] The follower cam 116 is guided by a guide slot 148 in the outer sleeve 128. The follower cam 116 is arranged to move within the guide slot 148 as the locking shaft 114 rotates with respect to the outer sleeve 128. As the follower cam 116 moves in the guide slot 148, the follower cam 116 allows the locking cone 112 to rotate and move axially in dependence on the position of the follower cam 116 in the guide slot 148. This means that the follower cam 116 and the guide slot 148 determine the amount of rotation of the locking cone 112 and the amount of axial movement of the locking cone 112. This movement allows the locking assembly 110 to perform the functions of locking, clamping, and retraction.

[0060] In some configurations, the follower cam 116 may optionally comprise a bearing to engage the guide slot 148. The bearing allows for smoother and more efficient movement of the follower cam 116 within the guide slot 148. This can improve the performance of the locking assembly 110 and reduce wear and tear on the components. In other arrangements, the bearing is optional and the follow cam 116 is a pin with a smooth rounded surface that engages the guide slot 148. The guide slot 148 may comprise a slot width that is slightly larger than the diameter of the follower cam 116. When the follower cam 116 moves in the guide slot 148, both sides of the guide slot 148 may engage the follower cam 116. Alternatively, the guide slot 148 may have a slot width such that the follow cam 116 only engages one wall of the guide slot 148 at a time. Since the slot width of the guide slot 148 is approximately the same as the follower cam 116 width, the follower cam 116 is constrained to move only within the guide slot 148. The guide slot 148 defines the path that the follower cam 116 can move along.

[0061] As shown in Figure 2a, the coupling assembly 108 comprises a coupling housing 118. The coupling housing 118 houses the locking assembly 110 and provides a secure and protected location for the locking assembly 110. The coupling housing 118 is designed to be durable and efficient, ensuring reliable and effective operation of the coupling assembly 108.

[0062] The coupling housing 118 is a rigid structure and configured to withstand the weight of the container and the contents of the container, when the container is received on the coupling assembly 108. The coupling housing 118 is fixed to the vehicle 100 and e.g. fixed to the chassis of a trailer as shown in Figure 1 . In some examples, the coupling assembly 108 is welded to the chassis of the vehicle 100. In other examples, the coupling assembly 108 can be bolted to the chassis of the vehicle 100. Any other suitable fastening mechanism can be used to secure the coupling housing 118 to the vehicle 100. The coupling housing 118 can be constructed from a durable and rigid material such as steel. When the container is received on a vehicle 100, the container will rest on a plurality of coupling assemblies 108 and weight of the container will be distributed across all the plurality of coupling assemblies 108 in physical engagement with the container.

[0063] The outer sleeve 128 as shown in Figure 2a is fixed with respect to the coupling housing 118 and is positioned around the locking shaft 114. The outer sleeve 128 in some examples is a hollow cylinder and arranged to receive the locking shaft 114. The outer sleeve 128 provides additional support and stability to the locking shaft 114, ensuring its proper alignment and operation. The locking shaft 114 is arranged to rotate with respect to the outer sleeve 128 about the locking shaft axis 146 and to slide with respect to the outer sleeve 128 along the locking shaft axis 146. In some examples, lubrication may be provided between the inner surface of the outer sleeve 128 and the outer surface of the locking shaft 114.

[0064] As mentioned above, the guide slot 148 is configured to guide the movement of the follower cam 116. The guide slot 148 defines a path for the follower cam 116 to move along, controlling the rotation and axial movement of the locking cone 112. The guide slot 148 is arranged to define specific stages of movement for the locking cone 112 as the follower cam 116 moves with the guide slot 148. The different types of movement of the locking cone 112 are defined by the shape of the path the guide slot 148 extends around the outer sleeve 128. For example, the circumferential length, axial length, angle, and direction of the guide slot 148 all contribute to how the locking cone 112 moves.

[0065] The guide slot 148 includes a rotation guide slot portion 150, a clamping guide slot portion 152, and a retraction guide slot portion 154.

[0066] The rotation guide slot portion 150, (best shown in Figure 3b) defines a quarter rotation of the locking cone 112 and guides the follower cam 116 to cause rotation of the locking cone 112 between the open position and the closed position. In addition, the rotation guide slot portion 150 is also sloped so that the follower cam 116 is closer to the base of the coupling housing 118 at the closed position than at the open position. This means that the locking cone 112 moves downwards as well as rotating between the open position and the closed position. In some alternative less preferred examples, the rotation guide slot portion 150 is flat and follower cam 116 is at the same distance from the base of the coupling housing 118 in the open position and the closed position.

[0067] The clamping guide slot portion 152, (best shown in Figure 3c), guides the follower cam 116 to cause axial movement of the locking cone 112 between a clamped position and an unclamped position. The clamping guide slot portion 152 is optional. In some examples guide slot 148 only has a rotation guide slot portion 150, and a retraction guide slot portion 154. That is, the coupling assembly 108 in some examples is not configured to clamp the locking cone 112 against the corner casting of a container. Not clamping the locking cone 112 against the corner casting may be less preferable, but it may not be required or desired in some transportation scenarios. For example, it may only be necessary to rotate the locking cone 112 to a closed position over short journeys over flat ground e.g. only within a container port or a secure warehouse. This may reduce the time loading and unloading the containers from the vehicle 100.

[0068] The retraction guide slot portion 154, (best shown in Figure 3d), guides the follower cam 116 to cause axial movement of the locking cone 112 between a retracted position and an extended position.

[0069] The rotation guide slot portion 150, the clamping guide slot portion 152, and the retraction guide slot portion 154 are contiguous and the follower cam 116 transitions between these different portions of the guide slot 148 as the locking shaft 114 rotates with respect to the outer sleeve 128. Likewise, the locking cone 112 changes its movement as the follower cam 116 moves between these different portions of the guide slot 148.

[0070] In addition to the locking assembly 110, the coupling assembly 108 also comprises a shear block 142 which is moveable with respect to the coupling housing 118. The shear block 142 is configured to move between a shear block retracted position (as shown in Figures 2d and 3d) and a shear block extended position (shown in Figures 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3b, and 3c). The shear block 142 is in the extended position when the locking cone 112 is in the open position, closed position and the clamped position. The shear block 142 is in the retracted position within the coupling housing 118 when the locking cone 112 is in the retracted position. As the locking cone 112 moves from the clamped position to the retracted position, the locking cone 112 engages a shear block shoulder portion 144. The shear block shoulder portion 144 defines a cut-out portion into which the locking cone 112 engages and sits flush within. The locking cone 112 causes the shear block 142 to retract into the coupling housing 118 when the locking cone 112 moves into the retracted position. In this way, both the shear block 142 and the locking cone 112 are retracted within the coupling housing 118 when the locking cone 112 is in the retracted position.

[0071] In some configurations, each coupling assembly 108 may optionally include a shear block sensor (not shown). The shear block sensor is configured to detect the position of the shear block 142. The shear block sensor provides feedback to the electronic control unit (ECU) 120, allowing the ECU 120 to accurately detect the movement and I or position of the shear block 142. The shear block sensor can be an infrared sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a Hall effect sensor, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, or a limit switch, depending on the specific design and configuration of the coupling assembly 108.

[0072] Each coupling assembly 108 includes a return spring (not shown). The return spring is mounted between the coupling housing 118 and the shear block 142. The return spring is designed to engage the shear block 142 and urge the shear block 142 to the shear block extended position e.g. when the locking cone 112 is in the open position or the closed position. The return spring provides a force that helps to move the shear block 142 between the shear block retracted position and the shear block extended position. The return spring is designed to be durable and efficient, ensuring reliable and effective operation of the coupling assembly 108. Accordingly, the locking cone 112 and the shear block 142 automatically return to the open position. The coupling assembly 108 optionally comprises two retaining screws 156 that physically stop the base 158 of the shear block 142 from moving out of the coupling housing 118 when the shear block 142 is in the shear block extended position e.g. when the locking cone 112 is in the open position, the closed position or the clamped position. The heads of the two retaining screws 156 prevent the shear block 142 from travelling beyond a position when the base 158 is flush with a top surface 160 of the coupling housing 118. The two retaining screw heads may be adjustable so that the range of movement of the shear block 142 into the coupling housing 118 can be adjusted. In some examples, the two retaining screw heads can be replaced with any other stopping element e.g. a projecting element integral with the top surface 160 of the coupling housing 118. In order to accurately seat the shear block 142 correctly against the two retaining screws 156, the shear block 142 optionally comprises reciprocal cut-away portions 162 in the shear block base 156 for receiving the heads of the two retaining screws 156. Furthermore, the locking assembly 110 may comprise a stop plate 164 for limiting the downward movement of the shear block 142 into the coupling housing 118.

[0073] Figure 2b shows a perspective view of the coupling assembly 108 in the closed position. In this position, the locking cone 112 secures a corner casting of a container. The follower cam 116 has moved within the guide slot 148, causing the locking cone 112 to rotate and secure the corner casting. The follower cam 116 has moved along the rotation guide slot portion 150 (best shown in Figure 3b). The rotation guide slot portion 150 defines the rotation of the locking cone 112 and the locking shaft 114 about the locking shaft axis 146. The rotation guide slot portion 150 extends circumferentially around part of the outer sleeve 128. As shown in Figures 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, the rotation guide slot portion 150 defines a quarter rotation of the locking cone 112. Accordingly, the guide slot 148 guides the follower cam 116 to cause rotation of the locking cone 112 between the open position and the closed position. As mentioned above, some axial movement also occurs as the locking cone 112 moves to the closed position from the open position.

[0074] In most cases, the corner castings require a quarter turn between the open position and the closed position of the locking cone 112. However, in other less preferred examples, the rotation guide slot portion 150 can define any suitable amount of rotation less than a half rotation of the locking cone 112 e.g. 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees. Since the locking cone 112 is symmetrical, a 180 turn will move the locking cone 112 from an open position to another open position. If the locking cone 112 was directional and not symmetrical, the rotational movement required between the open position and the closed position can be increased to anything less than a full rotation e.g. 120 degrees, 180 degrees, 270 degrees. Figure 2c provides a perspective view of the coupling assembly 108 in the clamped position. In this position, the locking cone 112 exerts a clamping force against the corner casting of a container. This is achieved by further axial movement of the locking shaft 114, guided by the follower cam 116 within the guide slot 148. The follower cam 116 has moved along the guide slot 148 within the clamping guide slot portion 152 (best shown in Figure 3c). The clamping guide slot portion 152 extends in a direction parallel with the locking shaft axis 146. The clamping guide slot portion 152 guides the follower cam 116 to cause axial movement of the locking cone 112 between an unclamped position and a clamped position. Specifically, the follower cam 116 has moved down in the guide slot 148 from Figures 2b, 3b to the position shown in Figures 2c and 3c.

[0075] Figure 2d provides a perspective view of the coupling assembly 108 in the retracted position. In this position, the locking cone 112 is retracted into the coupling housing 118. This is achieved by further movement of the follower cam 116 within the guide slot 148, causing the locking cone 112 to retract.

[0076] In this position, the locking cone 112 is retracted into the coupling housing 118. This is achieved by further movement of the follower cam 116 within the guide slot 148, causing the locking cone 112 to retract. The follower cam 116 has moved along the guide slot 148 within the retraction guide slot portion 154 (best shown in Figure 3d). The retraction guide slot portion 154 extends in a direction parallel with the locking shaft axis 146, similar to the clamping guide slot portion 152. Indeed, as shown in Figures 3c and 3d, the retraction guide slot portion 154 and the clamping guide slot portion 152 are different parts of the same vertical slot. The retraction guide slot portion 154 guides the follower cam 116 to cause axial movement of the locking cone 112 between a retracted position within the coupling housing 118 and an extended position outside of the coupling housing 118.

[0077] The coupling assembly 108 will now be discussed in more detail with respect to Figure 4. Figure 4 shows a schematic arrangement of the coupling assembly 108 and a vehicle 100, showing the connection between the vehicle coupling assembly control unit 102, the electronic control unit (ECU) 120, and the motor assembly 122 of the coupling assembly 108. The vehicle coupling assembly control unit 102 is connected to the ECU 120 via a CANBUS 106, and the ECU 120 controls the motor assembly 122 to move the locking cone 112 between the open, closed, clamped, and retracted positions.

[0078] The CANBUS 106 connects the vehicle coupling assembly control unit 102 to the ECU 120, allowing the vehicle coupling assembly control unit 102 to issue control instructions to the ECU 120. The CANBUS 106 also optionally provides power to the various components of the vehicle 100 and the coupling assembly 108, ensuring their proper operation.

[0079] The vehicle communication module 104 facilitates remote communication with the vehicle coupling assembly control unit 102 and allows remote actuation of the coupling assemblies 108. The vehicle communication module 104 can use various types of wireless communication such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular communication, or a satellite communication link. The vehicle communication module 104 is configured to provide effective remote communication and control of the vehicle 100 and the coupling assemblies 108.

[0080] As mentioned above, the ECU 120 is housed in the controller housing within the coupling housing 118. The ECU 120 is connected to the motor assembly 122 and controls the motor assembly 122 to move the locking cone 112 between the open, closed, clamped, and retracted positions. The ECU 120 receives control instructions from the vehicle coupling assembly control unit 102 via the CANBUS 106 and issues control instructions to the motor assembly 122.

[0081] In order to rotate the locking assembly 110, the coupling assembly 108 comprises a motor assembly 122. The motor assembly 122 is housed in the motor assembly housing within or adjacent to the coupling housing 118. The motor assembly 122 includes a motor 124 that is operatively coupled to the locking shaft 114. The motor 124 controls the movement of the follower cam 116 in the guide slot 148, which in turn controls the rotation and axial movement of the locking cone 112 between the open, closed, clamped, and retracted positions. Each coupling assembly 108 includes a motor assembly housing that houses the motor assembly 122. The motor assembly housing provides additional protection and durability for the motor assembly 122. The motor assembly housing can be mounted in the coupling housing 118 or adjacent to the coupling housing 118, depending on the specific design and configuration of the coupling assembly 108. Furthermore, in some examples, the motor assembly housing can be the coupling housing 118. The motor assembly housing is designed to protect the motor assembly 122 from environmental factors and physical damage, ensuring the reliable and efficient operation of the motor assembly 122.

[0082] In some configurations, the motor assembly 122 may include a rotation sensor. The rotation sensor is connected to the ECU 120 and in some examples is integrated with the motor 124. The rotation sensor is configured to detect the number of revolutions from the starting to the end position, allowing for remote control of the state and position of the locking cone 112. The rotation sensor provides feedback to the ECU 120, allowing the ECU 120 to accurately control the movement of the locking cone 112. In other examples, the rotation sensor can be separate from the motor 124 e.g. mounted adjacent to the rotating drive shaft of the motor 124.

[0083] The rotation sensor in some examples can be used for determining each of the open position, the closed position, the clamped position and the retracted position. That is, the ECU 120 stores in memory the number of rotations of the motor 124 corresponding to the open position, the closed position, the clamped position and the retracted position with respect to a reference position. In some examples, the reference position is the open position.

[0084] The motor 124 is operatively coupled to the locking shaft 114 and controls the movement of the follower cam 116 in the guide slot 148. The motor 124 can be an electric motor, a servo motor, a stepper motor, or any other suitable electric motor depending on the specific design and configuration of the coupling assembly 108. The motor 124 is designed to be reliable and efficient, ensuring effective operation of the coupling assembly 108. Optionally, a gear assembly 126 is operatively coupled between a drive shaft of the motor 124 and the locking shaft 114. The gear assembly 126 transfers motion from the motor 124 to the follower cam 116, controlling the rotation and axial movement of the locking cone 112 between the open, closed, clamped, and retracted positions.

[0085] The gear assembly 126 includes a first gear and a second gear. The first gear is fixed to the outside of the locking shaft 114, and the second gear is mounted on the drive shaft. The first gear engages the second gear, transferring motion from the motor 124 to the follower cam 116. The first gear and the second gear can be a helical gear, a bevel gear, a worm gear, a spur gear, or a planetary gear, depending on the specific design and configuration of the coupling assembly 108. The gear assembly 126 is designed to be durable and efficient, ensuring reliable and effective operation of the coupling assembly 108. In a non-limiting example, the first gear is a ring gear mounted to the outside of the locking shaft 114 and the second gear is a worm gear mounted to the drive shaft of the motor 124. In other examples, any gearing arrangement can be used to achieve the required mechanical advantage to move the locking cone 112 between the various positions. In some other examples, the gearbox is optional and the motor 124 is directly coupled to the locking shaft 114 without a gearbox.

[0086] In some implementations, each coupling assembly 108 may optionally include a clamped position sensor. This may not be necessary if the coupling assembly 108 is not arranged to move to the clamped position as discussed with respect to some examples above. The clamped position sensor is configured to detect the locking cone 112, or the locking shaft 114, or the follower cam 116 when the locking cone 112 is in the clamped position.

[0087] The clamped position sensor is also configured to send a signal to the electronic control unit (ECU) 120 when the locking cone 112 is in the clamped position. The clamped position sensor can be an infrared sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a Hall effect sensor, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, or a limit switch, depending on the specific design and configuration of the coupling assembly 108.

[0088] Additionally, or alternatively, the clamped position sensor can be integrated with the motor 124 or the motor 124 itself. In this way, the clamped position sensor can be a function of the ECU 120 based on a current signal and / or a voltage signal of the motor 124 sent to the ECU 120. The ECU 120 may determine the current draw of the motor 124 when the locking cone 112 engages the corner casting and exerts a force thereon. This is discussed in more detail below with respect to Figure 5.

[0089] The coupling assembly 108 may comprise a sensor assembly 130 one or more additional sensors connected to the ECU 120. The sensor assembly 130 is configured to detect one or more positions of the locking cone 112 and provide feedback to the ECU 120. The sensor assembly 130 allows the ECU 120 to accurately control the movement of the locking cone 112 between the open, closed, clamped, and retracted positions. The various sensors of the sensor assembly 130 are shown in Figure 4 and discussed hereinafter. The shear block sensor and the clamped position sensor can also be part of the sensor assembly 130.

[0090] Optionally, a corner casting detection sensor 132 is configured to detect the presence and position of the corner casting of a container. When a container is positioned on the coupling housing 118, the corner casting detection sensor 132 is configured to send a signal to the ECU 120. This signal allows the ECU 120 to accurately control the movement of the locking cone 112 between the open, closed, clamped, and retracted positions. The corner casting detection sensor 132 can be an infrared sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a Hall effect sensor, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a capacitive sensor, or a limit switch, depending on the specific design and configuration of the coupling assembly 108. In some examples, the corner casting detection sensor 132 is a magnet sensor, a hall effect sensor configured to detect the presence of the metal of the container adjacent to the coupling assembly 108. The corner casting detection sensor 132 is optionally mounted in the top surface of the coupling housing 118. The top surface of the coupling housing 118 is a surface of the coupling housing 118 that is adjacent to the corner casting of the container when mounted on the coupling assembly 108.

[0091] The sensor assembly 130 optionally further comprises a retracted position sensor 134 which is configured to detect the locking cone 112, or the locking shaft 114, or the follower cam 116 when the locking cone 112 is in the retracted position. The retracted position sensor 134 is also configured to send a signal to the ECU 120 when the locking cone 112 is in the retracted position. This signal allows the ECU 120 to accurately control the movement of the locking cone 112 between the open, closed, clamped, and retracted positions. The retracted position sensor 134 can be an infrared sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a Hall effect sensor, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a capacitive sensor, or a limit switch, depending on the specific design and configuration of the coupling assembly 108.

[0092] The sensor assembly 130 optionally further comprises a closed position sensor 136 which is configured to detect the locking cone 112, or the locking shaft 114, or the follower cam 116 when the locking cone 112 is in the closed position. The closed position sensor 136 is also configured to send a signal to the ECU 120 when the locking cone 112 is in the closed position. This signal allows the ECU 120 to accurately control the movement of the locking cone 112 between the open, closed, clamped, and retracted positions. The closed position sensor 136 can be an infrared sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a Hall effect sensor, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a capacitive sensor, or a limit switch, depending on the specific design and configuration of the coupling assembly 108.

[0093] Similarly, the sensor assembly 130 optionally further comprises an open position sensor 138 is configured to detect the locking cone 112, or the locking shaft 114, or the follower cam 116 when the locking cone 112 is in the open position. The open position sensor 138 is also configured to send a signal to the ECU 120 when the locking cone 112 is in the open position. This signal allows the ECU 120 to accurately control the movement of the locking cone 112 between the open, closed, clamped, and retracted positions. The open position sensor 138 can be an infrared sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a Hall effect sensor, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a capacitive sensor, or a limit switch, depending on the specific design and configuration of the coupling assembly 108.

[0094] Each of the corner casting detection sensor 132, the retracted position sensor 134, the closed position sensor 136, and the open position sensor 138 can be integrated into the coupling assembly 108. In some examples, the retracted position sensor 134, the closed position sensor 136, and the open position sensor 138 can be embedded in the guide slot 148 such that they are configured to respectively detect the proximity of the follower cam 116 in the open position, the closed position and the retracted positions of the locking cone 112. For example, the retracted position sensor 134, the closed position sensor 136, and the open position sensor 138 are flush with the surface of the guide slot 148 such that they do not protrude and snag the follower cam 116. In other examples, the retracted position sensor 134, the closed position sensor 136, and the open position sensor 138 can be positioned elsewhere on the coupling assembly 108 as required.

[0095] Each coupling assembly 108 includes a communication interface 140. The communication interface 140 is connected to the CAN BUS 106 and is used to integrate with control systems, including those of autonomous vehicles. The communication interface 140 allows for remote communication and control of the coupling assembly 108, improving the overall performance and efficiency of the vehicle 100 and the coupling assembly 108.

[0096] The communication interface 140 can be an RS-232 interface, an RS-485 interface, a Bluetooth module for wireless communication, a Wi-Fi module for integrating with a local network, a cellular modem for communication over mobile networks, a satellite communication module for remote areas, an Ethernet port for wired network connection, an RFID interface for automated identification and data capture, a LoRaWAN module for long-range, low-power communication, an NFC (near field communication) module for close-range interactions, a 5G modem for high-speed, low- latency communication, or a USB interface for direct connection to external devices, depending on the specific design and configuration of the coupling assembly 108. The communication interface 140 is designed to be reliable and efficient, ensuring effective remote communication and control of the coupling assembly 108.

[0097] In some examples, the locking shaft 114 of each coupling assembly 108 optionally includes a tool socket (not shown). The tool socket is designed to receive an external tool for manually moving the locking shaft 114 and the follower cam 116 along the guide slot 148. In some examples, the tool socket is located on the underside of the locking shaft 114. This allows for manual operation of the locking assembly 110 in the event that the motor assembly 122 fails or is otherwise unable to move the locking shaft 114 and the follower cam 116. In order to facilitate the manual rotation of the locking shaft 114, the coupling housing 118 of each coupling assembly 108 optionally includes a tool hole. The tool hole is located at the bottom of the coupling housing 118 and allows for access to the tool socket on the locking shaft 114. The tool hole and the tool socket are aligned with each other. Furthermore, the tool hole and the tool socket are aligned with the locking shaft axis 146 in some examples. This allows for the insertion of an external tool into the coupling housing 118 and the tool socket for manual operation of the locking assembly 110. The tool hole is designed to be easily accessible, making it easy to operate the locking assembly 110 manually when necessary.

[0098] The coupling assembly 108 will now be discussed in more detail with respect to Figure 5. Figure 5 shows a flow diagram of the operation of the coupling assembly 108.

[0099] The operation of the coupling assembly 108 involves a series of steps that control the movement of the locking cone 112 between the open, closed, clamped, and retracted positions. These steps are outlined in the flow diagram in Figure 5 and are described in detail below.

[0100] The process of operating the coupling assembly 108 begins with receiving an instruction to move the locking cone 112 as shown in step 200. This instruction can come from a user or from the vehicle coupling assembly control unit 102. The instruction specifies the desired position of the locking cone 112, which can be the open position, the closed position, the clamped position, or the retracted position.

[0101] In some cases, the instruction to move the locking cone 112 may come from a user. The user may issue the instruction manually, using a control interface on the vehicle 100 or a remote-control device. The user instruction specifies the desired position of the locking cone 112, which can be the open position, the closed position, the clamped position, or the retracted position. Alternatively, the user instruction can specify a particular configuration or reconfiguration of the coupling assemblies 108. Once the user instruction is received, the ECU 120 issues a control instruction to the motor 124 to move the follower cam 116 in the guide slot 148, controlling the rotation and axial movement of the locking cone 112. A plurality of coupling assemblies 108 can carry out the steps as shown in Figure 5 in parallel. In this case, the plurality of coupling assemblies 108 may be reconfigured to adapt to different arrangements of containers.

[0102] In other cases, the instruction to move the locking cone 112 may come from the vehicle coupling assembly control unit 102 as shown in step 224. The vehicle coupling assembly control unit 102 issues control instructions to the ECU 120 (or a plurality of ECUs 120 for multiple coupling assemblies 108) via the CANBUS 106. These control instructions specify the desired position of the locking cone 112, which can be the open position, the closed position, the clamped position, or the retracted position. Once the control instruction from the vehicle coupling assembly control unit 102 is received, the ECU 120 issues a control instruction to the motor 124 to move the follower cam 116 in the guide slot 148, controlling the rotation and axial movement of the locking cone 112.

[0103] Once an instruction to move the locking cone 112 is received, either from a user or from the vehicle coupling assembly control unit 102, the ECU 120 issues a control instruction to the motor 124. The control instruction specifies the desired movement of the follower cam 116 in the guide slot 148, which in turn controls the rotation and axial movement of the locking cone 112.

[0104] If the desired position of the locking cone 112 is the open position, the ECU 120 issues a control instruction to the motor 124 to move the follower cam 116 in the guide slot 148 in a manner that rotates the locking cone 112 to the open position as shown in step 202. In the open position, the locking cone 112 is ready to receive a corner casting of a container. The movement of the follower cam 116 in the guide slot 148 is controlled by the motor 124 in response to the control instruction from the ECU 120. Typically, the coupling assembly 108 is moved to the open position so that it is ready to receive a container or ready to release a container.

[0105] Once the control instruction to move the locking cone 112 is issued, the ECU 120 determines the position of the locking cone 112. This determination is based on feedback from the sensor assembly 130, which includes a corner casting detection sensor 132, a retracted position sensor 134, a closed position sensor 136, and an open position sensor 138. The ECU 120 uses the feedback from the sensor assembly 130 to accurately control the movement of the locking cone 112 between the open, closed, clamped, and retracted positions.

[0106] When the locking cone 112 is the open position, the ECU 120 determines the position of the locking cone 112 based on feedback from the open position sensor 138 as shown in step 204. The open position sensor 138 is configured to detect the locking cone 112, or the locking shaft 114, or the follower cam 116 when the locking cone 112 is in the open position. The open position sensor 138 sends a signal to the ECU 120 when the locking cone 112 is in the open position. The ECU 120 uses this signal to determine that the locking cone 112 is in the open position and to control the movement of the locking cone 112 accordingly.

[0107] The ECU 120 also determines whether a corner casting of a container is detected as shown in step 206. This determination is based on feedback from the corner casting detection sensor 132. The corner casting detection sensor 132 is configured to detect the presence and position of the corner casting of a container. When a container is positioned on the coupling housing 118, the corner casting detection sensor 132 sends a signal to the ECU 120. The ECU 120 uses this signal to determine whether a corner casting of a container is detected and to control the movement of the locking cone 112 accordingly.

[0108] If no corner casting of a container is detected, a warning is issued as shown in step 208. The warning can be issued by the ECU 120, the vehicle coupling assembly control unit 102, or another component of the vehicle 100 or the coupling assembly 108. The warning can be a visual warning, an audible warning, a tactile warning, or a combination of these, depending on the specific design and configuration of the vehicle 100 and the coupling assembly 108. The warning alerts the user or the vehicle coupling assembly control unit 102 that no corner casting of a container is detected, allowing for appropriate action to be taken. For example, the container may not be seated correctly on the coupling assembly 108. Alternatively, the container may not yet have been lowered onto the coupling assembly 108. At this point, the ECU 120 may stop the motor 124 as shown in step 218 and I or wait for another instruction in steps 200 or 224. Once the container is on the coupling assembly, and the corner casting has been detected in step 206, the locking cone 112 is moved to the closed position. In this case, the ECU 120 issues a control instruction to the motor 124 to move the follower cam 116 in the guide slot 148 in a manner that rotates the locking cone 112 to the closed position as shown in step 210. In the closed position, the locking cone 112 secures a corner casting of a container. The movement of the follower cam 116 in the guide slot 148 is controlled by the motor 124 in response to the control instruction from the ECU 120.

[0109] When the position of the locking cone 112 is the closed position, the ECU 120 determines the position of the locking cone 112 based on feedback from the closed position sensor 136 as shown in step 212. The closed position sensor 136 is configured to detect the locking cone 112, or the locking shaft 114, or the follower cam 116 when the locking cone 112 is in the closed position. The closed position sensor 136 sends a signal to the ECU 120 when the locking cone 112 is in the closed position. The ECU 120 uses this signal to determine that the locking cone 112 is in the closed position and to control the movement of the locking cone 112 accordingly.

[0110] Once the locking cone 112 is in the closed position, the container can be optionally secured by clamping the locking cone 112 against the corner casting. In this case, the ECU 120 issues a control instruction to the motor 124 to move the follower cam 116 in the guide slot 148 in a manner that moves the locking cone 112 to the clamped position as shown in step 214. In the clamped position, the locking cone 112 exerts a clamping force against the corner casting of a container. The movement of the follower cam 116 in the guide slot 148 is controlled by the motor 124 in response to the control instruction from the ECU 120.

[0111] When the position of the locking cone 112 is the clamped position, the ECU 120 determines the position of the locking cone 112 based on feedback from the motor 124 as shown in step 216. When the motor 124 exerts a force that exceeds a predetermined threshold when moving the locking cone 112 from the closed position to the clamped position, the ECU 120 can determine that the locking cone 112 is in the clamped position. This determination allows the ECU 120 to accurately control the movement of the locking cone 112 between the open, closed, clamped, and retracted positions. Steps 214 and 216 can be omitted if the coupling assembly 108 is not required to clamp the locking cone 112 against the corner casting.

[0112] Once the desired position of the locking cone 112 is achieved, the ECU 120 issues a control instruction to stop the motor 124 as shown in step 218. This control instruction stops the movement of the follower cam 116 in the guide slot 148, which in turn stops the rotation and axial movement of the locking cone 112. The control instruction to stop the motor 124 is issued when the locking cone 112 is determined to be in the open position, the closed position, the clamped position, or the retracted position.

[0113] Following step 216 once the locking cone 112 is in the clamped position, the ECU 120 issues a control instruction to stop the motor 124 when the locking cone 112 is determined to be in the clamped position as shown in step 218. The control instruction to stop the motor 124 is issued based on feedback from the motor 124 and the sensor assembly 130. When the motor 124 exerts a force that exceeds a predetermined threshold when moving the locking cone 112 from the closed position to the clamped position, the ECU 120 determines that the locking cone 112 is in the clamped position and issues a control instruction to stop the motor 124. The force exerted by the motor 124 can be determined from the current draw of the motor 124 whilst under load. The predetermined force threshold can correspond to a predetermined current of the motor 124. This stops the movement of the follower cam 116 in the guide slot 148, which in turn stops the rotation and axial movement of the locking cone 112. At this point, the container is secured to the vehicle 100 due to the clamping force exerted by the coupling assembly 108.

[0114] In some scenarios instead of clamping the corner casting, the coupling assembly 108 needs to be reconfigured. For example, a particular coupling assembly 108 is not required to secure a particular container configuration. Accordingly, the locking cone 112 can be retracted so that it does not interfere with the container. The determination whether a reconfiguration (e.g. whether to move the locking cone 112 into the clamped position or a retracted position) can be determined from an initial instruction in steps 200 or 204. Alternatively, the determination for reconfiguration can be made from one or more signals from the sensor assembly 130. If the desired position of the locking cone 112 is the retracted position, the ECU 120 issues a control instruction to the motor 124 to move the follower cam 116 in the guide slot 148 in a manner that moves the locking cone 112 to the retracted position as shown in step 220. In the retracted position, the locking cone 112 is retracted into the coupling housing 118. The movement of the follower cam 116 in the guide slot 148 is controlled by the motor 124 in response to the control instruction from the ECU 120.

[0115] When the locking cone 112 is the retracted position, the ECU 120 determines the position of the locking cone 112 based on feedback from the retracted position sensor 134 as shown in step 222. The retracted position sensor 134 is configured to detect the locking cone 112, or the locking shaft 114, or the follower cam 116 when the locking cone 112 is in the retracted position. The retracted position sensor 134 sends a signal to the ECU 120 when the locking cone 112 is in the retracted position. The ECU 120 uses this signal to determine that the locking cone 112 is in the retracted position and to control the movement of the locking cone 112 accordingly.

[0116] The ECU 120 then issues a control instruction to stop the motor 124 when the locking cone 112 is determined to be in the retracted position as shown in step 218. The control instruction to stop the motor 124 is issued based on feedback from the retracted position sensor 134. The retracted position sensor 134 sends a signal to the ECU 120 when the locking cone 112 is in the retracted position. The ECU 120 uses this signal to determine that the locking cone 112 is in the retracted position and issues a control instruction to stop the motor 124. This stops the movement of the follower cam 116 in the guide slot 148, which in turn stops the rotation and axial movement of the locking cone 112.

[0117] If the locking cone 112 is in a retracted position and the desired position of the locking cone 112 is the open position, the ECU 120 issues a control instruction to the motor 124 to move the follower cam 116 in the guide slot 148 in a manner that moves the locking cone 112 to the open position as shown in step 202.

[0118] The coupling assembly 108 is designed to integrate with the control systems of the vehicle 100. This integration allows for remote communication and control of the coupling assembly 108, improving the overall performance and efficiency of the vehicle 100 and the coupling assembly 108. The integration with the vehicle control systems is facilitated by the CANBUS 106 and the communication interface 140.

[0119] In some cases, the locking assembly 110 of the coupling assembly 108 may be operated manually. This manual operation is facilitated by the tool socket on the locking shaft 114 and the tool hole in the coupling housing 118.

[0120] The manual movement of the locking shaft 114 and the follower cam 116 along the guide slot 148 is facilitated by the tool socket on the locking shaft 114 and the external tool. The external tool is inserted into the tool socket, and the user manually moves the tool to move the locking shaft 114 and the follower cam 116 along the guide slot 148. This manual movement controls the rotation and axial movement of the locking cone 112 between the open, closed, clamped, and retracted positions. The manual movement of the locking shaft 114 and the follower cam 116 is designed to be easy and efficient, ensuring effective manual operation of the locking assembly 110.

[0121] Reference will now be made to Figures 6 and 7. Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional perspective view of the coupling assembly 108 according to some examples.

[0122] Figure 7 shows a cross-sectional perspective view of a component of the coupling assembly 108 according to some examples.

[0123] In one example, the operative coupling between the electric motor 124 and the shaft 110 includes a motor pinion 176 and an actuator drive gear 178. The motor pinion 176 meshes with the actuator drive gear 178, such that rotation of the motor pinion 176 causes rotation of the actuator drive gear 178 about the axis 146. The actuator drive gear 178 is fixedly attached to a threaded shaft 180. The threaded shaft 180 is surrounded by an inner sleeve 182. The threaded shaft 180 engages with a threaded bore 184 within the locking shaft 114. As can be seen from Figures 6 and 7, the locking shaft 114 is hollow and includes an internal bore 186 sized to receive the threaded shaft 180.

[0124] As the actuator drive gear 178 rotates, the actuator drive gear 178 causes the threaded shaft 180 to rotate and, due to the threaded engagement between the threaded shaft 180 and the threaded bore 184, the locking shaft 114 moves axially along the axis 146. As the cone 112 moves towards the retracted position, the locking shaft 114 retracts within the inner sleeve 182. Similarly, as the cone 112 moves towards the open position, the locking shaft 114 extends out of the inner sleeve 182. This axial movement of the locking shaft 114 in turn causes the follow cam 116 to move along the guide slot 148, thereby controlling the position and orientation of the cone 104.

[0125] In a further example, not shown, the threaded shaft 180 and threaded bore 184 are replaced with a lead screw / ball screw mechanism. The actuator drive gear 178 remains affixed to the lead / ball screw. A nut, fixedly attached to the locking shaft 114, engages the lead / ball screw within the housing 118. Rotation of the actuator drive gear 178 rotates the screw, causing linear translation of the nut and the attached locking shaft 114 along the axis 146. This linear motion, in turn, controls the position of the follow cam 116 along the guide slot 148.

[0126] In another example, not shown, a scissor mechanism is used. The actuator drive gear 178 connects to a crank arm which drives one or more linkages of the scissor mechanism. The other end of the scissor mechanism is attached to the locking shaft 114. Rotation of the actuator drive gear 178 causes the crank arm to pivot, extending or contracting the scissor mechanism, and translating the locking shaft 114 linearly along the axis 146. This linear motion controls the position of the follow cam 116 along the guide slot 148.

[0127] In yet another example, not shown, a rack and pinion mechanism provides the rotational to linear motion conversion. The actuator drive gear 178 is connected to a pinion that meshes with a rack affixed to the locking shaft 114. Rotation of the actuator drive gear 178 rotates the pinion, moving the rack and thus the locking shaft 114 linearly along the axis 146, which controls the position of the follow cam 116 along the guide slot 148.

[0128] As mentioned above, any suitable mechanism can be used to convert the rotational movement of the motor 122 into linear movement of the locking shaft 114. Relative movement of the locking shaft 114 with respect to the coupling housing 118 causes the follower cam 116 to move along the guide slot 148. This causes the locking shaft 114 either to move in a linear direction parallel with the locking shaft axis 146 and I or rotation about the locking shaft axis 146.

[0129] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular aspects only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," and / or "including" when used herein specify the presence of stated features, integers, actions, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, actions, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0130] It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0131] Relative terms such as "below" or "above" or "upper" or "lower" or "horizontal" or "vertical" may be used herein to describe a relationship of one element to another element as illustrated in the Figures. It will be understood that these terms and those discussed above are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to the orientation depicted in the Figures. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly connected" or "directly coupled" to another element, there are no intervening elements present.

[0132] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It will be further understood that terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of this specification and the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealised or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. It is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the aspects described above and illustrated in the drawings; rather, the skilled person will recognize that many changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the present disclosure and appended claims. In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed aspects for purposes of illustration only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the disclosure being set forth in the following claims.

Claims

Claims1 . A coupling assembly (108) for securing a corner casting of a container, the coupling assembly (108) comprising: a coupling housing (118); a locking assembly (110) housed in the coupling housing (118) including a locking cone (112) rotatable about a locking shaft axis (146) between an open position and a closed position, wherein in the open position a corner casting of the container is receivable on the locking cone (112), and in the closed position a corner casting of the container is securable to the locking cone (112); a locking shaft (114) connected to the locking cone (112), the locking shaft (114) being axially movable along the locking shaft axis (146) between the closed position and a retracted position, wherein in the retracted position the locking cone (112) is retracted into the coupling housing (118); a follower cam (116) connected to the locking shaft (114), an outer sleeve (128) fixed with respect to the coupling housing (118) and positioned around the locking shaft (114) wherein the outer sleeve (128) comprises a guide slot (148) configured to guide the movement of the follower cam (116) wherein the guide slot (148) has a rotation guide slot portion (150) extending circumferentially around part of the outer sleeve (128) and clamping guide slot portion (152) and a retraction guide slot portion (154) extending in a direction parallel with the locking shaft axis (146); and a motor (124) operatively coupled to the locking shaft (114) in order to move the follower cam (116) in the guide slot (148) in order to control the rotation and axial movement of the locking cone (112) between the open position, the closed position and the retracted position.

2. The coupling assembly (108) according to claim 1 , wherein the locking cone (112) is axially movable along the locking shaft axis (146) to a clamped position between the closed position and the retracted position, wherein in the clamped position the locking cone (112) exerts a clamping force against a corner casting of a container.

3. The coupling assembly (108) according to claims 1 or 2, further comprising an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) (120) configured to control the motor (124) to move thelocking cone (112) between the open position, the closed position, the clamped position, and the retracted position.

4. The coupling assembly (108) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a sensor assembly (130) configured to detect the position of the locking cone (112) and provide feedback to the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) (120).

5. The coupling assembly (108) according to claim 4, wherein the sensor assembly (130) comprises at least one of an open position sensor (138), a closed position sensor (136), and a retracted position sensor (134).

6. The coupling assembly (108) according to claim 4, wherein the open position sensor (138), the closed position sensor (136), and the retracted position sensor (134) are a proximity sensor, a hall sensor, optical sensor, a capacitive sensor, or a magnetic sensor.

7. The coupling assembly (108) according to any of the preceding claims wherein the motor (124) comprises a rotational sensor configured to detect the open position, the closed position and the retracted position of the locking cone (112) based on the detected rotational movement of the motor (124) by the rotational sensor.

8. The coupling assembly (108) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a gear assembly (126) operatively coupled between a drive shaft of the motor (124) and the locking shaft (114) in order to transfer motion from the motor (124) to the follower cam (116).

9. The coupling assembly (108) according to claim 6, wherein the gear assembly (126) comprises a first gear fixed to the outside of the locking shaft (114) and a second gear mounted on the drive shaft, the first gear engaging the second gear.

10. The coupling assembly (108) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a communication interface (140) connected to a CANBUS (106) for integrating with a control system of a vehicle, a trailer, or a remote control unit.

11. The coupling assembly (108) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising a shear block (142) configured to move between a shear block retracted position and a shear block extended position, wherein as the locking cone (112) moves from the clamped position to the retracted position, the locking cone (112) engages a shear block shoulder portion (144) and both the shear block (142) and the locking cone (112) retract into the coupling housing (118).

12. The coupling assembly (108) according to any one of claims 1 to 11 , further comprising a tool socket configured to receive an external tool for manually moving the locking shaft (114) and the follower cam (116) along the guide slot (148).

13. A vehicle (100) comprising a plurality of coupling assemblies (108) according to any one of claims 1 to 11 , wherein the vehicle (100) is configured to accommodate different container sizes by providing different arrangements of coupling assemblies (108) on the vehicle (100) extended or retracted.

14. The vehicle (100) according to claim 13, wherein the container sizes comprise at least one of a 20-foot, 30-foot, 40-foot, 45-foot, and 53-foot container.

15. The vehicle (100) according to any one of claims 13 to 14, further comprising a vehicle coupling assembly control unit (102) connected to the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) (120) via a CANBUS (106) and configured to issue control instructions to an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) (120) of the coupling assemblies (108).

16. A method of operating a coupling assembly (108) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, the method comprising the steps of: receiving an instruction from a user or a vehicle coupling assembly control unit (102) to move the locking cone (112); and issuing a control instruction to the motor (124) to move the follower cam (116) in the guide slot (148) in order to control the rotation and axial movement of the locking cone (112) between the open position, the closed position and the retracted position.

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