Compositions of mesotrione and ethoxylated lecithin

Abstract

The present disclosure provides herbicidal compositions comprising mesotrione and ethoxylated lecithin and methods for controlling unwanted plant growth.

Description

COMPOSITIONS OF MESOTRIONE AND ETHOXYLATED LECITHINFIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to herbicidal compositions comprising mesotrione and ethoxylated lecithin and methods for controlling unwanted plant growth.CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 663,223, filed June 24, 2024, the content of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.BACKGROUND

[0003] With the increased demand for high crop productivity, crop protection chemicals (e.g., pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides) are widely used to prevent crop damage and increase crop yields. Increasing the effectiveness of crop protection chemical agents can be done by engineering new or existing chemicals. Alternatively, adjuvants can be used to enhance the effectiveness of crop protection chemicals. Adjuvants assist in the formulation of the crop protection chemical(s) and / or the application of the crop protection chemical(s). Adjuvants commonly include drift controlling agents, stickers, emulsifiers, wetting agents, water conditioners and penetrants. The development of formulations of crop protection chemical(s) with adjuvants that increase the effectiveness of the crop protection chemical(s) would result in a significant contribution to the viable options available to increase crop productivity.SUMMARY

[0004] Disclosed herein are herbicidal compositions comprising mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof and ethoxylated lecithin.

[0005] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.001% v / v to about 5.0% v / v mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.002% v / v to about 1.0% v / v mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.01% v / v to about 0.04% v / v mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof.

[0006] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 20% v / v to about 60% v / v mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 30% v / v to about 50% v / v mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof.

[0007] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.001% v / v to about 1.0% v / v ethoxylated lecithin. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.05% v / v to about 0.1% v / v ethoxylated lecithin.

[0008] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1.0% v / v to about 30% v / v ethoxylated lecithin. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 10% v / v to about 25% v / v ethoxylated lecithin.

[0009] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a pesticide, fertilizer, additional herbicide, or a combination thereof.

[0010] Also disclosed herein are methods for controlling undesired plant growth. In some embodiments, the methods comprise applying an effective amount of a composition as disclosed herein to the soil or growth medium. In some embodiments, the methods comprise applying an effective amount of a composition as disclosed herein to the undesired plant. In some embodiments, the undesired plant is a broadleaf weed, a grass or grassy weed, a sedge, or a combination thereof.

[0011] In some embodiments, the applying comprises irrigating, spraying, in-furrow application, or direct incorporation into the soil or growth medium.

[0012] In some embodiments, the applying is prior to undesired plant emergence. In some embodiments, the applying is after emergence of the undesired plant.

[0013] In some embodiments, a desired plant or crop resides in the soil or growth medium or is comingled with the undesired plant. In some embodiments, the desired plant or crop is corn, sugarcane, asparagus, bush or caneberry, cranberry, flax, oats, okra, pearl millet, rhubarb, sorghum, soybean, or a turf grass. In some embodiments, the applying is prior to planting of the desired plant or crop.

[0014] Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent considering the following detailed description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] FIG. 1 is a table of the Effective Dose (ED50) to control Palmer amaranth with mesotrione and mesotrione + ethoxylated lecithin (EXT 1516) at 7, 14 and 21 days after application (DAA).

[0016] FIG. 2 is a table of the Effective Dose (ED50) to control velvet leaf with mesotrione and mesotrione + ethoxylated lecithin (EXT 1516) at 14 and 21 days after application (DAA).

[0017] FIGS. 3A-3B are graphs of velvet leaf visual control (% relative to untreated; FIG. 3A) and percentage of biomass reduction (% relative to untreated; FIG. 3B) at 21 days after application for indicated treatments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present disclosure provides compositions and methods to control undesired plant growth in a soil or growth medium, e.g., where a desired plant or crop resides. The compositions include mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, and ethoxylated lecithin. The disclosed combinations provide enhanced control of undesired plants (e.g., weeds), as compared to corresponding treatments using either mesotrione or ethoxylated lecithin alone. Markedly, the addition of ethoxylated lecithin lowers the ED50 of mesotrione, the dose of mesotrione that resulted in 50% volume reduction relative to untreated plants, as compared to mesotrione compositions lacking ethoxylated lecithin. Consistent with this observation, the disclosed compositions comprising mesotrione and ethoxylated lecithin provide enhanced control of undesired plants (e.g., weeds), as compared to treatments with mesotrione lacking ethoxylated lecithin particularly when using lower amounts of mesotrione.[0019| Section headings as used in this section and the entire disclosure herein are merely for organizational purposes and are not intended to be limiting.1. Definitions

[0020] The terms “comprise(s),” “include(s),” “having,” “has,” “can,” “contain(s),” and variants thereof, as used herein, are intended to be open-ended transitional phrases, terms, or words that do not preclude the possibility of additional acts or structures. The singular forms “a,” “and” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The present disclosure also contemplates other embodiments “comprising,” “consisting of’ and “consisting essentially of,” the embodiments or elements presented herein, whether explicitly set forth or not.

[0021] For the recitation of numeric ranges herein, each intervening number there between with the same degree of precision is explicitly contemplated. For example, for the range of 6-9, the numbers 7 and 8 are contemplated in addition to 6 and 9, and for the range 6.0-7.0, the number 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, and 7.0 are explicitly contemplated.

[0022] Unless otherwise defined herein, scientific and technical terms used in connection with the present disclosure shall have the meanings that are commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. The meaning and scope of the terms should be clear; in the event, however of any latent ambiguity, definitions provided herein take precedent over any dictionary or extrinsic definition. Further, unless otherwise required by context, singular terms shall include pluralities and plural terms shall include the singular.

[0023] As used herein, the term “herbicide” refers to a compound or combination of compounds that reduces or kills undesirable and unwanted plants such as, but not limited to, deleterious, noxious,or problematic weeds, broadleaf plants, grasses, and sedges. Herbicide use may produce an observable desired effect to reduce unwanted plant growth, including the effects of plant necrosis, leaf chlorosis, plant death, root and shoot growth inhibition, reproduction inhibition, inhibition of proliferation, and removal, destruction, or otherwise diminishing the occurrence and activity of undesirable, unwanted plants.

[0024] Preferred methods and materials are described below, although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in practice or testing of the present disclosure. All publications, patent applications, patents and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. The materials, methods, and examples disclosed herein are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.2. Compositions

[0025] Provided herein are compositions for enhancing the effectiveness of mesotrione. Mesotrione or 2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzoyl]cyclohexane- 1,3-dione may be in the form of an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof. Examples of agriculturally acceptable salts include both anhydrous as well as hydrated forms of mesotrione salts with alkaline or earth alkaline metals or ammonium or organoammonium salts, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and isopropyl ammonium. In some embodiments, mesotrione is included in the formulation in the form of a sodium salt.

[0026] The ethoxylated lecithin may be derived from a variety of sources. The compositions disclosed herein are not limited by the source of ethoxylated lecithin.

[0027] In some embodiments, the ethoxylated lecithin is produced by the reaction of crude soybean lecithin and ethylene oxide, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,310,679, incorporated herein by reference. Ethoxylated lecithin is commercially available, for example, Eucarol NA-6415 and ETMA NA-6416 from Lamberti USA Inc. in Conshohocken, PA, and SURFLEX L 1000 MC from Exacto, Inc. in Sharon, WI. Ethoxylated lecithin from these commercial sources is presumably ethoxylated crude soybean lecithin, also referred to as phospholipid-enriched soybean oil, obtained from ethoxylating a crude soybean lecithin containing from 5-30 wt%, preferably 8-10 wt%, and more preferably about 10 wt% phospholipids. The crude soybean lecithin is a fluid under ambient temperature and pressure. Ethoxylation may be carried out according to the process of U.S. Pat. No. 2,310,679 without the presence of an inert solvent. Triglycerides contained in the soybean oil may include, for example, C16 saturated and C18 saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid, with an iodine value of 120- 140. The crude soybean lecithin is reacted with 30-90 wt%, preferably 50-70 wt% ethylene oxidebetween 90- 180° C in the presence of a basic catalyst such as potassium hydroxide, at a pressure between 1 and 5 bar for 60-300 minutes. Small amounts of glycerol (e.g., 1-4 wt%) may be added as an initiator. The reaction conditions (e.g., time and pressure) may be set to obtain a final product comprising 10-200 ethylene oxide units with an ideal amount of 20-50 ethylene oxide units. Temperature is preferably maintained below 170° C (ideally at ~ 160° C) to avoid excessive discoloration. For example, preferred ethoxylated lecithin may be phospholipids having 25 moles ethoxylate functional group incorporated therein (having a number average molecular weight (NAVG MW) of about 1000) and / or lecithin having 30 moles ethoxylate functional group incorporated therein (having a NAVG MW of about 1200). The ethoxylated lecithin for use in the disclosed methods and compositions is not limited to any particular molar amounts or NAVG MW.

[0028] Ethoxylated lecithin can also be derived from crude lecithin from other seed oil crops as well as lecithin derived from chicken eggs. Additionally, ethoxylated lecithin can be derived from any source that has an enriched source of phospholipids.

[0029] In some cases, a composition may be produced by simply physically mixing (“tank mixing”) commercially available products containing mesotrione and ethoxylated lecithin. Alternatively, a package may be manufactured and sold which contains mesotrione and ethoxylated lecithin in separate containers, but co-packaged.

[0030] In some embodiments, the compositions are previously prepared formulations containing the mesotrione and ethoxylated lecithin. The formulations can be ready for use as provided or be a concentrated form which requires dilution prior to use. Suitable liquid compositions would include solutions or emulsions containing mesotrione and ethoxylated lecithin. A solid product containing mesotrione and ethoxylated lecithin could also be produced, for instance, as impregnated granules or flowable powders.

[0031] The concentration of mesotrione and / or ethoxylated lecithin in the herbicidal compositions are generally from about 0.001 to about 98 percent by weight. Concentrations from about 0.01 to about 90 percent by weight are often employed. In compositions designed to be employed as concentrates, the active ingredient is generally present in a concentration from about 5 to about 98 weight percent. Such compositions are typically diluted with an inert carrier, such as water, before application. The diluted compositions can contain about 0.001 to about 1 percent mesotrione and / or ethoxylated lecithin.

[0032] The concentration of mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, may range from about 0.001% v / v to about 99.9% v / v. The concentration of the mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, may be about 0.001% v / v, about 0.05% v / v, about 0.01% v / v, about 0.02% v / v, about 0.03% v / v, about 0.04% v / v, about 0.05% v / v, about 0.06% v / v, about 0.07% v / v, about0.08% v / v, about 0.09% v / v, about 0.1% v / v, about 0.2% v / v, about 0.3% v / v, about 0.4% v / v, about 0.5% v / v, about 0.6% v / v, about 0.7% v / v, about 0.8% v / v, about 0.9% v / v, about 1.0 % v / v, about 2.0 % v / v, about 5.0 % v / v, about 10.0 % v / v, about 15.0 % v / v, about 20.0 % v / v, about 25.0 % v / v, about 30.0 % v / v, about 35.0 % v / v, about 40.0 % v / v, about 45.0 % v / v, about 50.0 % v / v, about 55.0 % v / v, about 60.0 % v / v, about 65.0 % v / v, about 70.0 % v / v, about 75.0 % v / v, about 80.0 % v / v, about 85.0 % v / v, about 90.0 % v / v, about 95.0 % v / v, about 98.0 % v / v, or about 99.0 % v / v.

[0033] In some embodiments, the concentration of mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, is from about 10% v / v to about 70% v / v, about 20% v / v to about 60% v / v, or about 30% v / v to about 50% v / v. The concentration of the mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, may be about 10% v / v, about 15% v / v, about 20% v / v, about 25% v / v, about 30% v / v, about 35% v / v, about 40% v / v, about 45% v / v, about 50% v / v, about 55% v / v, about 60% v / v, about 65% v / v, or about 70% v / v.

[0034] In some embodiments, the concentration of mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, is from about 0.001% v / v to about 5.0% v / v (inclusive of subranges). The concentration of the mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, may be about 0.001% v / v, about 0.002% v / v, about 0.003% v / v, about 0.004% v / v, about 0.005% v / v, about 0.006% v / v, about 0.007% v / v, about 0.008% v / v, about 0.009% v / v, about 0.01% v / v, about 0.02% v / v, about 0.03% v / v, about 0.04% v / v, about 0.05% v / v, about 0.06% v / v, about 0.07% v / v, about 0.08% v / v, about 0.09% v / v, about 0.1% v / v, about 0.2% v / v, about 0.3% v / v, about 0.4% v / v, about 0.5% v / v, about 0.6% v / v, about 0.7% v / v, about 0.8% v / v, about 0.9% v / v, about 1.0% v / v, about 1.5% v / v, about 2.0% v / v, about 2.5% v / v, about 3.0% v / v, about 3.5% v / v, about 4.0% v / v, about 4.5% v / v, or about 5% v / v.

[0035] In some embodiments, the concentration of mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, is from about 0.002% v / v to about 1.0% v / v (inclusive of subranges). The concentration of the mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, may be about 0.002% v / v, about 0.003% v / v, about 0.004% v / v, about 0.005% v / v, about 0.006% v / v, about 0.007% v / v, about 0.008% v / v, about 0.009% v / v, about 0.01% v / v, about 0.02% v / v, about 0.03% v / v, about 0.04% v / v, about 0.05% v / v, about 0.06% v / v, about 0.07% v / v, about 0.08% v / v, about 0.09% v / v, about 0.1% v / v, about 0.2% v / v, about 0.3% v / v, about 0.4% v / v, about 0.5% v / v, about 0.6% v / v, about 0.7% v / v, about 0.8% v / v, about 0.9% v / v, or about 1.0% v / v. In some embodiments, the concentration of mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, is from about 0.01% v / v to about 0.4% v / v (inclusive of subranges). The concentration of the mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, may be about 0.01% v / v, about 0.02% v / v, about 0.03% v / v, or about 0.04% v / v.

[0036] The concentration of the ethoxylated lecithin may range from about 0.001% v / v to about 99.9% v / v. The concentration of the ethoxylated lecithin may be about 0.001% v / v, about 0.005%v / v, about 0.01% v / v, about 0.02% v / v, about 0.03% v / v, about 0.04% v / v, about 0.05% v / v, about 0.06% v / v, about 0.07% v / v, about 0.08% v / v, about 0.09% v / v, about 0.1% v / v, about 0.2% v / v, about 0.3% v / v, about 0.4% v / v, about 0.5% v / v, about 0.6% v / v, about 0.7% v / v, about 0.8% v / v, about 0.9% v / v, about 1.0 % v / v, about 2.0 % v / v, about 5.0 % v / v, about 10.0 % v / v, about 15.0 % v / v, about 20.0 % v / v, about 25.0 % v / v, about 30.0 % v / v, about 35.0 % v / v, about 40.0 % v / v, about 45.0 % v / v, about 50.0 % v / v, about 55.0 % v / v, about 60.0 % v / v, about 65.0 % v / v, about 70.0 % v / v, about 75.0 % v / v, about 80.0 % v / v, about 85.0 % v / v, about 90.0 % v / v, about 95.0 % v / v, about 98.0 % v / v, or about 99.0 % v / v.

[0037] In some embodiments, the concentration of the ethoxylated lecithin is between about 1.0% v / v to about 50% v / v, about 5.0% v / v to about 30.0% v / v, or about 10% v / v to about 25% v / v (inclusive of subranges). The concentration of the ethoxylated lecithin may be about 1.0 % v / v, about 2.0 % v / v, about 5.0 % v / v, about 10 % v / v, about 15% v / v, about 20% v / v, about 25% v / v, about 30% v / v, about 35% v / v, about 40% v / v, about 45% v / v, or about 50% v / v.

[0038] In some embodiments, the concentration of the ethoxylated lecithin is between about 0.001% v / v to about 20.0% v / v (inclusive of subranges). The concentration of the ethoxylated lecithin may be about 0.001% v / v to about 0.01% v / v, about 0.001% v / v to about 0.2% v / v, about 0.001% v / v to about 0.5% v / v, about 0.001% v / v to about 1.0% v / v, about 0.001% v / v to about 5.0% v / v, about 0.001% v / v to about 10.0% v / v, about 0.001% v / v to about 15.0% v / v, about 0.01% v / v to about 0.2% v / v, about 0.01% v / v to about 0.5% v / v, about 0.01% v / v to about 1.0% v / v, about 0.01% v / v to about 5.0% v / v, about 0.01% v / v to about 10.0% v / v, about 0.01% v / v to about 15.0% v / v, about 0.01% v / v to about 20.0% v / v, about 0.1% v / v to about 0.2% v / v, about 0.1% v / v to about 0.5% v / v, about 0.1% v / v to about 1.0% v / v, about 0.1% v / v to about 5.0% v / v, about 0.1% v / v to about 10.0% v / v, about 0.1% v / v to about 15.0% v / v, about 0.1% v / v to about 20.0% v / v, about 0.5% v / v to about 1.0% v / v, about 0.5% v / v to about 5.0% v / v, about 0.5% v / v to about 10.0% v / v, about 0.5% v / v to about 15.0% v / v, about 0.5% v / v to about 20.0% v / v, about 1.0% v / v to about 5.0% v / v, about 1.0% v / v to about 10.0% v / v, about 1.0% v / v to about 15.0% v / v, about 1.0% v / v to about 20.0% v / v, about 5.0% v / v to about 10.0% v / v, about 5.0% v / v to about 15.0% v / v, about 5.0% v / v to about 20.0% v / v, about 10.0% v / v to about 15.0% v / v, about 10.0% v / v to about 20.0% v / v, or about 15.0% v / v to about 20.0% v / v.

[0039] In some embodiments, the concentration of the ethoxylated lecithin is between about 0.001% v / v to about 1.0% v / v. The concentration of the ethoxylated lecithin may be about 0.001% v / v, about 0.005% v / v, about 0.01% v / v, about 0.05% v / v, about 0.1% v / v, about 0.2% v / v, about 0.3% v / v, about 0.4% v / v, about 0.5% v / v, about 0.6% v / v, about 0.7% v / v, about 0.8% v / v, about 0.9% v / v or about 1.0% v / v.

[0040] In some embodiments, the concentration of the ethoxylated lecithin is between about 0.05% v / v to about 0.1% v / v. The concentration of the ethoxylated lecithin may be about 0.05% v / v, about 0.055% v / v, about 0.06% v / v, about 0.065% v / v, about 0.07% v / v, about 0.075% v / v, about 0.08% v / v, about 0.085% v / v, about 0.09% v / v, about 0.095% v / v, or about 0.1% v / v.

[0041] In some embodiments, the concentration of mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, may range from about 0.001% v / v to about 5.0% v / v (inclusive of the subranges and concentrations described above) and the concentration of the ethoxylated lecithin is between about 0.001% v / v to about 20% v / v (inclusive of the subranges and concentrations described above). In select embodiments, the concentration of mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, may range from about 0.002% v / v to about 1.0% v / v (inclusive of the subranges and concentrations described above) and the concentration of the ethoxylated lecithin is between about 0.001% v / v to about 1.0% v / v (inclusive of the subranges and concentrations described above).

[0042] The composition may comprise other active agents which prevent plant or crop damage, aid in growth, viability, and / or productivity of the desired plant or crop; aid and assist in the application of the composition (e.g., stabilizers, fillers, matrix elements, carriers); act as a solvent for the ingredients in the composition; or act as a preservative for the composition.

[0043] The compositions may further comprise other chemical and non-chemical additives, adjuvants, and / or treatment agents including, but not limited to: chemical and non-chemical pesticides (e.g., fungicides, insecticides, miticides, nematicides), fertilizers, nutrients, minerals, hormones (e.g., auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, and abscisic acid), plant growth enhancers or stimulants, wetting agents, spreading agents, dispersing agents, adhesive agents, buffering agents, coating agents, resins, suspension agents, stickers, penetrants, preservatives, and the like.

[0044] Exemplary fungicides include, but are not limited to: thiabendazole; iprodione; vinclozolin; imazilil; triforine; fenarimol; bitertanol; cyproconazole; dif enoconazole; fenbuconazole; flusilazole; ipconazole; metconazole; myclobutanil; propiconazole; prothioconazole; tebuconazole; tetraconazole; triadimefon; triadimenol; triticonazole; metalxyl; mefenoxam; cyprodinil; azoxystrobin; picoxystrobin; pyraclostrobin; etridiazole; fenhexamid; polyoxin; fluazinam; dimethomorph; acibenzolar-S -methyl; chlorothalonil; chloroneb; dicloran; quintozene (PCNB); famoxadone; fenamidone; mineral oils; organic oils.

[0045] Exemplary nematicides include, but are not limited to, 1,3 dichloropropene, chloropicrin, metam sodium, metam potassium, dimethyl disulfide, allyl isothiocyanate, oxamyl, fluensulfone, fluopyram, ethoprop, spirotetramat, terbufos, and fluazaindolizine.

[0046] Exemplary insecticides and miticides include, but are not limited to: acephate, aldicarb, azinphos methyl, Bacillus thuringiensis, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, cyhexatin, cypermethrin, diazinon,dicofol, dicrotophos, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, endosulfan, Ethion, fluvalinate, fonofos, formetanate hydrochloride, lindane, malathion, methamidophos, methidathion, methomyl, methoxychlor, methyl parathion, mevinphos, naled, oxamyl, oxythioquniox, parathion, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, profenofos, propargite, sulprofos, thiodicarb, and trichlorfon.

[0047] Fertilizers can be organic, or inorganic. They can be naturally occurring compounds such as peat or mineral deposits, manufactured through natural processes such as composting, or manufactured through chemical processes. Thus, the term “fertilizer” as used herein, refers to any substance which, when applied to a substrate, e.g., soil, leaves, hydroponic solution etc., enriches or fertilizes that substrate by providing nutrients for the plant’s, necessary biological functions, e.g., growth, flowering etc. In an exemplary embodiment, a fertilizer comprises plant nutrients in the form of agricultural waste products, e.g., manure, grass clippings, and compost. In another exemplary embodiment, a fertilizer comprises a synthetic blend of various chemical substances known in the art as plant nutrients, e.g., blends comprising at least one or more of: nitrogen, potassium, and / or phosphorus. In yet other exemplary embodiments, a fertilizer comprises a combination of agricultural waste products and synthetic chemicals which, when applied to a substrate, enriches, or fertilizes that substrate. Fertilizers may contain sources of macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium), secondary macronutrients (calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S)), and micronutrients (boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn)).

[0048] Hormones, growth stimulants and the like include, but are not limited to: trinexepac-ethyl, gibberellic acid, gibberellins, cytokinins, benzyladenine, glycines, quinolenes, phosphoric acid compounds, organic carbamates, quaternary ammonium compounds, acetamides, ethychlozate, azoles, paclobutrazol, anilides, pyradazidine, pyrimidines, napthaleneacetamide, phthalmides, phenoxies, pyrimidines, biostimulants, seaweed extracts, phthalmides, phenoxies, steroids (e.g., brassinosteroids) and organic or carboxylic acids (e.g. gamma amino butyric acid and L-glutamic acid, Napthalene acetic acid, Clofencoet, Sintofen, nicotinic acids).

[0049] Other pesticides, protectants and / or beneficial agents which may find use in the compositions disclosed herein include, animal and bird repellants, bitter flavors, irritants, and malodorous ingredients, molluscicides (e.g., slugs and snails), rodenticides, chemosterilants, plant defense boosters (Harpin protein and Chitosan), frost prevention aids, UV protectants, antioxidants, moisture retention aids, humic acids and humates, and lignins and lignates.

[0050] The compositions may further comprise one or more surfactants. Surfactants include ethoxylated fatty amines, alkylphenol ethoxylate-based surfactants, alcohol ethoxylate-based surfactants, silicone -based surfactants, oils (e.g., petroleum, vegetable, or seed oils). Surfactantswhich can be used in the preparation of the herbicidal compositions disclosed herein include those described in “McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual” MC Publishing Corp., Ridgewood, N.J., 1981, Stache, H., “Tensid-Taschenbuch” [Surfactant Handbook], Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich / Vienna, 1981 and M. and J. Ash. “Encyclopedia of Surfactants,” Vol I-III, Chemical Publishing Co., New York, 1980-81.

[0051] In some embodiments, the compositions further comprise a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, and / or a zwitterionic surfactant. Exemplary nonionic surfactants include without limitation: Cetomacrogol 1000; cetostearyl alcohol; cetyl alcohol; cocamide diethanolamine; cocamide monoethanolamine; decyl glucoside; decyl polyglucose; glycerol monostearate; IGEPAL CA-630; Isoceteth-20; lauryl glucoside; maltoside; monolaurin; mycosubtilin; narrow-range ethoxylate; Nonidet P-40; Nonoxynol-9; Nonoxynols; NP-40; octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether; N-octyl beta-D-thioglucopyranoside; octyl glucoside; oleyl alcohol; pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether; polidocanol; pol oxamer; poloxamer 407; polyethoxylated tallow amine; polyglycerol polyricinoleate; polysorbate; polysorbate 20; polysorbate 80; sorbitan; sorbitan monolaurate; sorbitan monostearate; sorbitan tristearate; stearyl alcohol; surfactin; Triton X-100; and Tween 80. Exemplary anionic surfactants include without limitation: 2- acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid; alkylbenzene sulfonates; ammonium lauryl sulfate; ammonium perfluorononanoate; chlorosulfolipid; disodium cocoamphodiacetate; docusate; magnesium laureth sulfate; MBAS assay; A-Olefin sulfonate; perfluorobutanesulfonic acid; perfluorodecanoic acid; perfluorohexanesulfonic acid; perfluorononanoic acid; perfluorooctanesulfonic acid; perfluorooctanoic acid; phospholipid; potassium lauryl sulfate; soap; soap substitute; sodium dodecyl sulfate; sodium laurate; sodium laureth sulfate; sodium lauroyl sarcosinate; sodium myreth sulfate; sodium nonanoyloxy benzenesulf onate; sodium pareth sulfate; sodium stearate; sodium sulfosuccinate esters; sodium tetradecyl sulfate; and sulfolipid. Exemplary zwitterionic surfactants include without limitation: CHAPS detergent; cocamidopropyl betaine; cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine; dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; hydroxysultaine; miltefosine; peptitergents; and sodium lauroamphoacetate.

[0052] The compositions are not limited by the type of solvent. Exemplary solvents include, but are not limited to: water; monoethylene glycol; diethylene glycol; propylene glycol or the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl or t-butyl ethers thereof; dipropylene glycol or the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n- butyl, or t-butyl ethers thereof; tripropylamine glycol or the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, or t- butyl ethers thereof; 1,3 butanediol; 1,4 butanediol; 2-methyl,l,3-propanediol; 2,2-methyl-l,3- propanediol; 2-methyl-l,3-pentanediol; 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol; glycerol; and sorbitol.3. Methods

[0053] The disclosure also provides methods for controlling undesired plant growth. In some embodiments, the undesired plant growth is in a soil or growing media and the methods comprise applying an effective amount of a composition as disclosed herein to the soil or growing media. In some embodiments, the methods comprise applying an effective amount of a composition as disclosed herein to the undesired plant. The phrase “effective amount” means an amount necessary to reduce or inhibit undesired plant growth; increase plant necrosis or plant death, inhibit plant reproduction; or otherwise diminish the occurrence and activity of the undesired plant.

[0054] A variety of undesired plants can be treated and controlled by the methods disclosed herein, and as such the methods are not limited to the type of undesired plant. In some embodiments, the undesired plant is a broadleaf weed, a grass or grassy weed, a sedge, rushes, or a combination thereof.[0055| The compositions of the present invention are suitable for controlling a large number of broadleaf weeds. Broadleaf weeds include but are not limited to: Amaranths (e.g., waterhemp, Palmer amaranth, spiny amaranth, smooth pigweed, redroot pigweed, common), morningglory (e.g. smallflower, entireleaf, ivyleaf, pitted, red / scarlet, tall, cypressvine, purple moonflower, palmleaf), wild buckwheat, buffalobur, common cocklebur, kochia, common lambsquarters, marshelder, wild mustard, nightshade (e.g. black, eastern black, hairy, horsenettle), croton, eclipta, Galinsoga species, prickly sida, bristly starbur, Florida pusley, hemp, sesbania, sicklepod, Pennsylvania Smartweed, common and giant ragweed, smartweed (e.g., ladysthumb, pale,), wild sunflower, waterhemp (e.g., tall, common), wild watermelon, spurge (e.g., prostrate, spotted), mallow, witchweed, yellow rocket, wild cucumber, ground cherry, jimsonweed, ladysthumb, redweed, anoda, copperleaf (e.g., hophornbeam, Virginia), thistle, dandelion, clover, chickweed, curly dock, velvetleaf, common purslane, wild poinsettia, smellmelon, balloonvine, carpetweed, showy crotalaria, mexicanweed, fat hen, redshank, oilseed rape volunteers, charlock, field pansy, artriplex, burcucumber, wild carrot, horseweed, knotweed, pokeweed, volunteer potatoes, Bog St. John’s Wort, burclover, burning nettle, chamomile mayweed, deadnettle purple, eveningprimrose cutleaf, fiddleneck coast, filare whitestem, filaree redstem, geranium Carolina, groundcherry smooth, groundsel common, henbit, mannagrass, pineappleweed, puncturevine common, redmaids, rocket London, silverleaf, sowthistle, spanishneedles, swinecress, vetch (e.g., common, purple), willowherb panicle, yellow loosestrife, Buckhorn Plantain, Buttercup, ground ivy, healall, lawn burweed (also referred to as spurweed or stickerweed), Oxalis / Yellow Woodsorrel, Shepherd's-purse, Persian Speedwell, Verbena, wild violet, and the like.

[0056] The compositions of the present invention are also suitable for controlling grasses or grassy weeds, such as barnyardgrass, crabgrass, yellow foxtail, annual bluegrass, lovegrass, carpetgrass, bentgrass, creeping bentgrass, signalgrass, goosegrass, windmill grass, and the like.

[0057] The compositions of the present invention are also suitable for annual and perennial sedge weeds including yellow nutsedge, and the like.

[0058] In some embodiments, a desired plant or crop resides in the soil or growth medium or is comingled with the undesired plant. The methods and compositions disclosed herein are suitable for use with a variety of desired plants or crops such as, grain crops, fruit crops, forage crops, root vegetable crops, leafy vegetable crops, flowering plants, conifers, trees, oil crops, plants used in phytoremediation, industrial crops, medicinal crops, laboratory model plants, and the like. As such, non-limiting examples of desired plants or crops that may be used with the present methods include: com (e.g., field corn, seed corn, yellow popcorn, sweet com), sugarcane, asparagus, bush and caneberries (e.g., blueberry, lingonberry, red currant, black currant, black raspberry, red raspberry, and blackberry), cranberry, flax, oats, okra, pearl millet, rhubarb, sorghum, soybean, and used when growing for seed with bluegrass, ryegrass, perennial ryegrass, tall fescue.

[0059] Application can be done before, during and / or after emergence of the undesirable plants. In some embodiments, the compositions described herein are applied prior to undesired plant emergence. For example, application of the composition precedes the weeds sprouting through the soil surface. In some embodiments, the application may be prior to germination of the undesired plant. In some embodiments, the compositions described herein are applied after undesired plant emergence. Post-emergence applications include any time when the undesired plant is visibly growing and spreading, preferably when the plants are young and actively growing.

[0060] When the compositions disclosed herein are used in crops, they can be applied after seeding and before or after the emergence of the crop plants. The compositions can also be applied prior to seeding of the crop plants. In some embodiments, the compositions are applied postemergence, after the emergence of the crop and / or the undesirable plants.

[0061] As used herein, the term “applying” in reference to the compositions disclosed herein, refers to any means for treating growth medium and undesired plants or plant parts with the composition, for example, irrigating, spraying, and the like. In some embodiments, the applying comprises irrigating (chemigation or fertigation), spraying, foliar spraying, or a combination thereof. The application may be performed once or at multiple time points (e.g., pre- or post-emergence of the undesired plant, pre- or post-planting of the desired crop or plant).

[0062] Irrigation systems and methods that deliver water, often containing plant nutrients and other agents, to plants via networks of irrigation pipes or hoses are very well known, in a processsometimes referred to as chemigation or fertigation. In many such irrigation systems and networks, solution from the pipes or hoses is delivered to the plants by emitters or drippers that are installed on or integrated in the irrigation pipes or hoses. In the methods herein, the compositions disclosed herein, may be added directly to water irrigation solutions, continuously or in bolus amounts at distinct times, or be delivered separately by similar irrigation methods as desired.

[0063] Spraying may be directed towards any part of the undesired plant including the foliage, base of the stems, branches, roots, spraying onto the surface of soil, or spraying at the base of the plants by any industrial or home use methods. The compositions disclosed herein may be applied by spraying methods commonly employed, such as conventional high-gallonage hydraulic sprays, low- gallonage sprays, air-blast, aerial sprays, and dusts. The methods may alternatively employ electrodynamic spraying techniques or other low volume methods or application by land or aerial irrigation systems.

[0064] In some embodiments, the applying comprises adding the compositions to a plant growth medium including liquid or dry in-furrow application, spraying across the area of soil in which a desired plant or crop will be seeded or planted, direct incorporation into soils or other plant growth media, or application of granular formulations or granules.

[0065] Application of the compositions disclosed herein to soil-based growth mediums may take many forms. The compositions can be applied on the top of the soil, for example, as a liquid or granular formulation. Alternatively, soil incorporation is a method of application which physically mixes the compositions in the soil layer, particularly where it is most efficacious for inclusion (e.g., top two to three inches of soil or rhizosphere) rather than applying to the soil surface or placing in furrow.

[0066] In some embodiments, the compositions are applied in rotation with other treatments. In some embodiments, the compositions are applied to the undesired plants at the same time as the other treatments for the soil, undesired plants, and / or desired crops or plants.

[0067] The rate of application may vary within wide limits and depends on the nature of the growth medium or soil, the method of application, the crop plant, the undesired plant to be controlled, the climate or weather conditions, and other factors governed by the method of application and the time of application.

[0068] The compositions disclosed herein can be applied at a rate of about 1 to about 10 fl oz per acre. In some embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein are applied at a rate of about 1 fl oz per acre, about 2 fl oz per acre, about 3 fl oz per acre, about 4 fl oz per acre, about 5 fl oz per acre, about 6 fl oz per acre, about 7 fl oz per acre, about 8 fl oz per acre, about 9 fl oz per acre, or about 10 fl oz per acre. In some embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein are applied at a rate of lessthan 1 fl oz per acre. In some embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein are applied at a rate of more than 10 fl oz per acre.

[0069] The compositions disclosed can be applied at about 0.1 to about 0.25 pound active ingredient per acre (pound ai / A). In some embodiments, the compositions disclosed are applied at about 0.1 pound ai / A, about 0.11 pound ai / A, about 0.12 pound ai / A, about 0.13 pound ai / A, about 0.14 pound ai / A, about 0.15 pound ai / A, about 0.16 pound ai / A, about 0.17 pound ai / A, about 0.18 pound ai / A, about 0.19 pound ai / A, about 0.20 pound ai / A, about 0.21 pound ai / A, about 0.22 pound ai / A, about 0.23 pound ai / A, about 0.24 pound ai / A, or about 0.25 pound ai / A. In some embodiments, the compositions disclosed are applied at less than about 0.1 pound ai / A. In some embodiments, the compositions disclosed are applied at greater than about 0.25 pound ai / A.

[0070] The combination of mesotrione and ethoxylated lecithin in the disclosed compositions can provide enhanced control of undesired plants, as compared to a corresponding treatment using either mesotrione or ethoxylated lecithin alone. In some embodiments, the combination of mesotrione and ethoxylated lecithin in the disclosed compositions increases the control of the undesired plants over treatment using either mesotrione or ethoxylated lecithin alone. For example, the compositions disclosed herein increase control of the undesired plant at least 1.2 fold (e.g., at least 1.3 fold, at least 1.4 fold, at least 1.5 fold, at least 1.6 fold, at least 1.7 fold, at least 1.8 fold, at least 1.9 fold, at least 2 fold, or more) over treatments using either mesotrione or ethoxylated lecithin alone. In some embodiments, the disclosed compositions decrease undesired plant biomass by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, or more as compared to treatments using either mesotrione or ethoxylated lecithin alone. In some embodiments, the disclosed compositions decrease undesired plant survival by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, or more as compared to treatments using either mesotrione or ethoxylated lecithin alone.4. Kits

[0071] In another aspect, the disclosure provides kits comprising a composition as described herein or individual components of the composition as described herein. The kits can also comprise other agents and / or products co-packaged, co-formulated, and / or co-delivered with other components.

[0072] The kits can also comprise instructions for using the components of the kit. The instructions are relevant materials or methodologies pertaining to the kit. The materials may includeany combination of the following: background information, list of components, brief or detailed protocols for using the compositions, troubleshooting, references, technical support, and any other related documents. Instructions can be supplied with the kit or as a separate member component, either as a paper form or an electronic form which may be supplied on computer readable memory device or downloaded from an internet website, or as recorded presentation.

[0073] It is understood that the disclosed kits can be employed in connection with the disclosed methods. The kit may further contain containers or devices for use with the methods or compositions disclosed herein. For example, the disclosed kit may further provide a means to apply the composition (e.g., a sprayer or spray bottle, etc.) or means to measure and mix the components of the composition (e.g., bottles, flasks, containers, pipettes, graduated cylinders, jugs, totes, tanks, etc.).

[0074] The kits provided herein are in suitable packaging. Suitable packaging includes, but is not limited to, vials, bottles, jars, flexible packaging, and the like. Individual member components of the kits may be physically packaged together or separately.5. ExamplesExample 1Mesotrione Dose Response with Palmer Amaranth

[0075] The effects of a Callisto (a commercially available mesotrione formulation) were compared to a tank mix of Callisto (a commercially available mesotrione formulation) and ethoxylated lecithin (EXT 1516) in a dose response study with a range of rates. The selected rates included labeled rates and off-label rates (low and high).

[0076] Palmer amaranth (Amaranihus palmeri) seeds were planted in 1 L pots filled with potting mix (Fertilome professional potting mix). Seeds were allowed to germinate under artificial light 13: 11 h L:D photoperiod at 25 °C. Plants were thinned to 1 plant per pot after emergence. Plants were watered as needed. The plants were treated when they reached an average height of 2.0 inches. The applications were made using a DeVries research track sprayer with DG9502 EVS nozzles situated 0.5 meters above the plant canopy. The sprayer carrier volume was 15 gallons per acre, applied at 40 psi and a boom speed of 2.41 mph. Visual estimation of weed control was evaluated at 7, 14, and 21 days after application (DAA). Data for each evaluation was subjected to a 4-parameter model (DRC, R software) to calculate ED50, the effective dose of mesotrione that resulted in 50% volume reduction relative to untreated plants, treatment 1).

[0077] Treatments with Mesotrione + EXT 1516 (ethoxylated lecithin) significantly improved control of Palmer amaranth, therefore reducing ED50 for visual control at 7, 14 and 21 days after application (FIG. 1). On average, mesotrione ED50 was 3 times lower when EXT 1516was tank- mixed with this herbicide.Example 2Mesotrione Dose Response with Velvet Leaf

[0078] The effects of a Callisto (a commercially available mesotrione formulation) were compared to a tank mix of Callisto (a commercially available mesotrione formulation) and ethoxylated lecithin (EXT 1516) in a dose response study with a range of rates. The selected rates included labeled rates and off-label rates (low and high).

[0079] Velvet leaf (Abutilon theophrasti) seeds were planted in 1 L pots filled with potting mix (Fertilome professional potting mix). Seeds were allowed to germinate under artificial light 13:11 h L:D photoperiod at 25 °C. Plants were thinned to 1 plant per pot after emergence. Plants were watered as needed. The plants were treated when they reached an average height of 2.0 inches. Theapplications were made using a DeVries research track sprayer with DG9502 EVS nozzles situated 0.5 meters above the plant canopy. The sprayer carrier volume was 15 gallons per acre, applied at 40 psi and a boom speed of 2.41 mph. Visual estimation of weed control was evaluated at 7, 14, and 21 days after application (DAA). At each evaluation time, a 4-parameter model (DRC, R software) was used to fit the data and estimate the EDso (dose of mesotrione that resulted in 50% volume reduction relative to untreated plants, treatment 1). Means for visual estimation of weed control are also presented.*EL is ethoxylated lecithin10080] The tank mix containing EXT 1516 displayed a lower ED50 at 14 and 21 days after application, with a significant 6-fold reduction at 21 DAA (FIG. 2). Visual control (% relative to untreated) and biomass reduction (% relative to untreated) was significantly higher for treatments containing EXT 1516, particularly for the 0.0098, 0.0195, and 0.039% v / v concentration of mesotrione, corresponding to use rates of 0.1875, 0.375, and 0.75 fl. oz / ac, respectively. (FIGS. 3A and 3B).Example 3 Ragweed Field Study

[0081] The effects of a Callisto (a commercially available mesotrione formulation) were compared with compositions containing Callisto and ethoxylated lecithin (EL) -containing adjuvants, EXT 1045 (49.9% w / w EL) and EXT 1645 (20% w / w EL), in a field study evaluating ragweed control. The study was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments, as described in the table below, were applied using a CCh-pressurized backpack sprayer with an AIXR 110015 nozzle. Visual weed control was evaluated on common ragweed and giant ragweed 7 days after application. EXT 1045 and EXT 1645 improved weed control of both weed species when treated with Callisto Xtra and ammonium sulfate (AMS).Example 4 Crabgrass and Palmer Amaranth Field Study

[0082] The effects of Callisto were compared with compositions containing Callisto and ethoxylated lecithin-containing adjuvants, EXT 1045 and EXT 1645, in a field study evaluating control of crabgrass and Palmer amaranth. The study was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments, as described in the table below, were applied using a CO -pressurized backpack sprayer with an AIXR 110015 nozzle. Visual weed control was evaluated on large crabgrass and Palmer amaranth at 14, 28, and 42 days after application. EXT 1045 and EXT 1645 improved weed control of both weed species when treated with Callisto Xtra and AMS.Example 5 Crop Oil Concentrate Comparison

[0083] The effects of Callisto were compared with compositions containing Callisto and ethoxylated lecithin-containing adjuvants, EXT 1045 and EXT 1645, or crop oil concentrates in a field study evaluating waterhemp control. The study was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments, as described in the table below, were applied using a CCh-pressurized backpack sprayer with an AIXR 110015 nozzle. Visual weed control was evaluated on common waterhemp at 6, 12, and 19 days after application. EXT 1045 and EXT 1645 improved weed control when treated with Callisto Xtra and AMS. Treatments using EL-containing adjuvants worked as well as or better than those with standard crop oil concentrate, even as the EL-containing adjuvants were applied at V2 to * the use-rate of crop oil concentrate.

[0084] The effects of Callisto were compared with compositions containing Callisto and ethoxylated lecithin-containing adjuvants, EXT 1045, EXT 1523 (28.75% w / w EL), and EXT 1603 (25% w / w EL), or crop oil concentrates in a field study evaluating weed control. As above, the study was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications and the treatments, as described in the table below, were applied using a C Ch-pressurized backpack sprayer with an AIXR 110015 nozzle. Visual weed control was evaluated on large crabgrass and Palmer amaranth at 7, 14, and 21 days after application. EXT 1045, EXT 1523, and EXT 1603 improved weed control when treated with Callisto Xtra and AMS. Treatments including EL-containing adjuvants worked as well as or better than those with standard crop oil concentrate, especially on broadleaf weed control, even as the EL-containing adjuvants were applied at Vi to the use-rate of crop oil concentrate.

[0085] It is understood that the foregoing detailed description and accompanying examples are merely illustrative and are not to be taken as limitations upon the scope of the disclosure, which is defined solely by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0086] Various changes and modifications to the disclosed embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art and may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. An herbicidal composition comprising: mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof; and ethoxylated lecithin.

2. The herbicidal composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises about 0.001% v / v to about 5.0% v / v mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof.

3. The herbicidal composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition comprises about 0.002% v / v to about 1.0% v / v mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof.

4. The herbicidal composition of any of claims 1-3, wherein the composition comprises about 0.01% v / v to about 0.04% v / v mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof.

5. The herbicidal composition of any of claims 1-4, wherein the composition comprises about 0.001% v / v to about 1.0% v / v ethoxylated lecithin.

6. The herbicidal composition of any of claims 1-5, wherein the composition comprises about 0.05% v / v to about 0.1% v / v ethoxylated lecithin.

7. The herbicidal composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises about 20% v / v to about 60% v / v mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof.

8. The herbicidal composition of claim 1 or 7, wherein the composition comprises about 30% v / v to about 50% v / v mesotrione, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof.

9. The herbicidal composition of any of claims 1, 7-8, wherein the composition comprises about 1.0% v / v to about 30% v / v ethoxylated lecithin.

10. The herbicidal composition of any of claims 1, 7-9, wherein the composition comprises about 10% v / v to about 25% v / v ethoxylated lecithin.

11. The herbicidal composition of any of claims 1-10, wherein the composition further comprises a pesticide, fertilizer, additional herbicide, or a combination thereof.

12. A method for controlling undesired plant growth in a soil or growth medium, comprising applying an effective amount of a composition of any of claims 1-11 to the soil or growth medium.

13. A method of controlling undesired plant growth, comprising applying an effective amount of a composition of any of claims 1-11 to the undesired plant.

14. The method of claim 12 or 13, wherein the applying comprises irrigating, spraying, in-furrow application, or direct incorporation into the soil or growth medium.

15. The method of any of claims 12-14, wherein the applying is prior to undesired plant emergence.

16. The method of any of claims 12-14, wherein the applying is after emergence of the undesired plant.

17. The method of any of claims 12-16, wherein the undesired plant is a broadleaf weed, a grass or grassy weed, a sedge, or a combination thereof.

18. The method of any of claims 12-17, wherein a desired plant or crop resides in the soil or growth medium or is comingled with the undesired plant.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the desired plant or crop is field com, seed com, yellow popcorn, sweet com, high bush blueberry, lingonberry, red currant, black currant, black raspberry, red raspberry, and blackberry, bluegrass, annual ryegrass, perennial ryegrass, or tall fescue which is grown for seed, sugarcane, asparagus, cranberry, flax, oats, okra, pearl millet, rhubarb, sorghum, soybean, or a turf grass.

20. The method of claim 18 or 19, wherein the applying is prior to planting of the desired plant or crop.

21. Use of a composition of any of claims 1-11 in controlling undesired plant growth.

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