Wide ultraviolet absorption band wavelength conversion agent, encapsulating film, and photovoltaic module
The benzotriazole-type compound in the encapsulating film extends the ultraviolet absorption range to 280-400nm, addressing ultraviolet-induced degradation in photovoltaic cells, ensuring stable power generation and reducing degradation in HJT and TOPCon cells.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/087150
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-07-01
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-08
AI Technical Summary
Current wavelength conversion films for photovoltaic cells, such as HJT and N-type TOPCon cells, fail to effectively protect against ultraviolet radiation in the 380-400nm range, leading to power degradation due to damage of Si-H groups and unclear ultraviolet-induced degradation mechanisms.
A wide ultraviolet absorption band wavelength conversion agent, based on a benzotriazole-type compound with an alkoxy group, is integrated into an encapsulating film that includes base resin, crosslinking agents, and other additives, extending the absorption range from 280-380nm to 280-400nm, intercepting all ultraviolet radiation and preventing cell damage.
The encapsulating film ensures continuous photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term stability of photovoltaic modules by completely blocking ultraviolet radiation, reducing power degradation, and maintaining stable power generation without the need for additional ultraviolet cutoff layers.
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Figure CN2025087150_08012026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
WIDE ULTRAVIOLET ABSORPTION BAND WAVELENGTH CONVERSION AGENT, ENCAPSULATING FILM, AND PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The preferred embodiment of the application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and particularly to a wide ultraviolet absorption band wavelength conversion agent, an encapsulating film using the same, and a photovoltaic module.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Solar cells are an important clean energy source; among them, high-efficiency solar cell technology has received significant attention and development. N-type heterojunction (HJT) cells, due to their advantages such as short process flow, high conversion efficiency, no LID or PID, low degradation, low temperature coefficient, high power generation, high bifaciality, and weak light effect, have attracted considerable attention. Relevant technologies indicate that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of M6 full-size cells (274.4cm2) can reach 26.81%, resulting in significant improvements in full life-cycle power generation benefits.
[0003] However, existing HJT cells use amorphous or microcrystalline silicon technology, and the Si-H groups on the cell surface are liable to undergo bond breakage due to ultraviolet irradiation., leading to defects and causing module power degradation. Solutions to the above problems include:
[0004] 1) Using ultraviolet high-cutoff films to block ultraviolet radiation, which loses the photoelectric conversion power in the ultraviolet radiation band, resulting in a loss of power generation in the photovoltaic module.
[0005] 2) Using wavelength conversion films to convert ultraviolet light into visible light, which can both block ultraviolet radiation and ensure that the photovoltaic module does not lose power generation. Therefore, wavelength conversion films have become the preferred solution for protecting heterojunction cells from ultraviolet radiation.
[0006] However, current wavelength conversion films absorb ultraviolet light in the range of 280-380nm and emit visible light mainly around 420-450nm. Since ultraviolet radiation is light radiation in the wavelength range of approximately 10-400nm, even with current wavelength conversion films, ultraviolet radiation in the range of 380-400nm can still damage the Si-H groups on the surface of HJT cells, leading to power degradation in photovoltaic modules.
[0007] Additionally, although N-type TOPCon photovoltaic cells have been shown to be resistant to LID and LeTID, there is some evidence of sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation-induced degradation (UVID) . For example, researchers at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have found power loss on the front and back of advanced solar cells after artificial accelerated ultraviolet radiation exposure tests. These data do not point to a single degradation mechanism but indicate that different cell designs degrade through different pathways. Currently, there is no solution to the above problems from the design of photovoltaic cells, so wavelength conversion films can be used to protect N-type TOPCon photovoltaic cells, addressing the root cause-ultraviolet radiation-by blocking ultraviolet radiation from reaching N-type TOPCon photovoltaic cells.
[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a wavelength conversion agent and encapsulating film that can broaden the ultraviolet absorption band to 400nm.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] The aim of the preferred embodiment of the application is to provide a wide ultraviolet absorption band wavelength conversion agent, an encapsulating film using the same, and a photovoltaic module encapsulated with the encapsulating film. The wide ultraviolet absorption band wavelength conversion agent can absorb ultraviolet radiation in the range of 280nm to 400nm, and the encapsulating film containing the wavelength conversion agent can comprehensively protect photovoltaic cells from ultraviolet radiation damage, ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cells and improving the long-term stability of the power generation of the photovoltaic module using this encapsulating film.
[0010] One aim of the preferred embodiment of the application is to provide a wide ultraviolet absorption band wavelength conversion agent, which is a benzotriazole-type compound with the following structural formula:
[0011] wherein, R1 and R2 each independently represent alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
[0012] R represents H or CH3;
[0013] m is an integer from 1 to 12;
[0014] the benzotriazole-type compound molecule is provided with an alkoxy group connected to the phenylene as a strong electron-donating group, enabling the benzotriazole-type compound to absorb ultraviolet radiation in the range of 280nm to 400nm.
[0015] In some embodiments, R1 and R2 represent the same alkyl group.
[0016] In some embodiments, R1 and R2 each independently represent different alkyl groups.
[0017] Another aim of the preferred embodiment of the application is to provide an encapsulating film, which includes the wavelength conversion agent, which is a benzotriazole-type compound with the following structural formula:
[0018] wherein, R1 and R2 each independently represent alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
[0019] R represents H or CH3;
[0020] m is an integer from 1 to 12;
[0021] the benzotriazole-type compound molecule is provided with an alkoxy group connected to the phenylene as a strong electron-donating group, enabling the benzotriazole-type compound to absorb ultraviolet radiation in the range of 280nm to 400nm.
[0022] In some embodiments, R1 and R2 represent the same alkyl group.
[0023] In some embodiments, R1 and R2 each independently represent different alkyl groups.
[0024] Furthermore, the encapsulating film also includes the following components by weight: base resin, crosslinking agent, auxiliary crosslinking agent, antioxidant, light stabilizer, and coupling agent.
[0025] Furthermore, the base resin is selected from EVA, POE, PVA, POP, PVB, PP, EAA, SEBS, PE, EMA, and EMMA.
[0026] Another aim of the preferred embodiment of the application is to provide a photovoltaic module, which includes the encapsulating film.
[0027] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module includes an HJT cell.
[0028] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module includes a TOPCon cell.
[0029] Compared with the current technology, the preferred embodiment of the application has the following beneficial effects:
[0030] 1. The wavelength conversion agent, compared with current wavelength conversion agents on the market, increases the ultraviolet absorption band from 280-380nm to 280-400nm. Since the wavelength conversion agent has an alkoxy group formed by the combination of R1 or R2 with an oxygen atom in its molecular structure, forming a strong electron-donating group. Compared with the alkyl groups used in the current technology, the alkoxy group as an electron-donating group has stronger electron-donating ability, enhancing the interaction between the electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups in the wavelength conversion agent molecule, resulting in a broader absorption band and a bathochromic shift in the emission band.
[0031] 2. The wavelength conversion agent has both ester and alkene groups in its molecular structure. The ester group helps improve the compatibility of the wavelength conversion agent with the base resin, making the wavelength conversion agent more uniformly dispersed in the encapsulating film; the alkene group helps the wavelength conversion agent react with the base resin to graft onto the base resin molecules, preventing the wavelength conversion agent molecules from migrating or precipitating due to molecular motion. Moreover, the combination of ester and alkene groups does not affect the electron-withdrawing ability of the electron-withdrawing groups in the wavelength conversion agent molecule, nor does it affect the π-π conjugated structure of the wavelength conversion agent molecule, thereby ensuring a broader absorption band and emission wavelength that is more conducive to the absorption response of photovoltaic cells.
[0032] 3. The encapsulating film includes the wavelength conversion agent, and therefore can also increase the ultraviolet absorption band from 280-380nm to 280-400nm, intercepting all ultraviolet radiation, completely avoiding damage to the Si-H groups on the surface of HJT cells due to ultraviolet radiation, preventing the generation of surface defects, and ensuring the continuous and stable photoelectric conversion efficiency of HJT cells. There is no need to add an ultraviolet cutoff layer to intercept ultraviolet radiation that current wavelength conversion agents cannot absorb, reducing production processes and costs, and making it suitable for large-scale promotion and production.
[0033] 4. The encapsulating film can intercept all ultraviolet radiation, preventing ultraviolet radiation from reaching TOPCon photovoltaic cells. Even if the ultraviolet degradation mechanism of TOPCon photovoltaic cells is not clear, the ultraviolet radiation problem can be solved, thereby avoiding ultraviolet degradation of TOPCon photovoltaic cells.
[0034] 5. The photovoltaic module includes the encapsulating film. Due to the comprehensive protection of the photovoltaic cells by the encapsulating film, the power generation of the photovoltaic module can be guaranteed to be stable in the long term, and power degradation is significantly reduced.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0035] Figures 1 to 10 are test result spectra.
[0036] Figure 11 is the general structural formula of the wavelength conversion agent molecule.
[0037] Figures 12 to 21 are the structural formulas of the wavelength conversion agent molecule.
[0038] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0039] The technical solutions of the preferred embodiment of the application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description is non-limiting.
[0040] Regarding the technical terms mentioned in the preferred embodiment of the application, their meanings are as follows:
[0041] HJT cell: Heterojunction (HJT) is a special PN junction formed by amorphous silicon and crystalline silicon materials, which is formed by depositing an amorphous silicon film on crystalline silicon, and is one of the N-type cells.
[0042] LID: Light Induced Degradation, usually refers to boron-oxygen complex light-induced degradation (BO-LID) , which is also considered to be the main factor of initial light-induced degradation in crystalline silicon cells. It generally occurs in p-type boron-doped silicon wafer products. Typically, as long as the photovoltaic module is exposed to sunlight, LID will occur, and it can reach saturation degradation in a short time (a few days or weeks) .
[0043] PID: Potential Induced Degradation, refers to the degradation of the module induced by potential (also called potential-induced degradation) . PID is caused by the long-term effect of high voltage on the battery module, causing leakage current between the glass and encapsulating materials, and a large amount of charge accumulates on the surface of the battery, making the passivation effect of the battery surface worse, and easily causing the recombination of photogenerated carriers, resulting in the performance of the module being lower than the design standard.
[0044] Alkyl: A saturated hydrocarbon group, is a hydrocarbon group formed by removing one hydrogen atom from an alkane molecule. Alkyl groups are a class of chain organic groups containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
[0045] Alkoxy: Formed by the combination of an alkyl group and an oxygen atom.
[0046] H: Refers to a hydrogen atom connected to the wavelength conversion agent molecule through a covalent bond.
[0047] CH3: Refers to a methyl group connected to the wavelength conversion agent molecule through a covalent bond.
[0048] C1 to C20: Refers to an alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms in the carbon chain.
[0049] EVA: Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
[0050] POE: Broadly refers to ethylene-α-olefin copolymer, narrowly refers to ethylene-butene copolymer or ethylene-octene copolymer.
[0051] PVA: Polyvinyl alcohol.
[0052] POP: Vinyl polymer grafted polyether polyol.
[0053] PVB: Polyvinyl butyral.
[0054] PP: Polypropylene.
[0055] EAA: Ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer.
[0056] SEBS: Styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer.
[0057] PE: Polyethylene.
[0058] EMA: Ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer.
[0059] EMMA: Ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer.
[0060] The preferred embodiment of the application provides a wide ultraviolet absorption band wavelength conversion agent, which is a benzotriazole-type compound with the following structural formula:
[0061] wherein, R1 and R2 each independently represent alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
[0062] R represents H or CH3;
[0063] m is an integer from 1 to 12;
[0064] the benzotriazole-type compound molecule is provided with an alkoxy group connected to the phenylene as a strong electron-donating group, enabling the benzotriazole-type compound to absorb ultraviolet radiation in the range of 280 nm to 400 nm.
[0065] In some embodiments, R1 and R2 represent the same alkyl group.
[0066] In some embodiments, R1 and R2 each independently represent alkyl groups.
[0067] For example, the wavelength conversion agent, as shown in Structural Formula 1, has m is 4, R1 and R2 represent pentyl groups, and R represents CH3:
[0068] Structural Formula 1,
[0069] For example, the wavelength conversion agent, as shown in Structural Formula 2, has m is 3, R1 and R2 represent isobutyl groups, and R represents H:
[0070] Structural Formula 2,
[0071] For example, the wavelength conversion agent, as shown in Structural Formula 3, has m is 2, R1 and R2 represent methyl groups, and R represents CH3:
[0072] Structural Formula 3,
[0073] For example, the wavelength conversion agen, as shown in Structural Formula 4, has m is 6, R1 and R2 represent isopropyl groups, and R represents CH3:
[0074] Structural Formula 4,
[0075] For example, the wavelength conversion agent, as shown in Structural Formula 5, has m is 3, R1 and R2 represent methyl groups, and R represents H:
[0076] Structural Formula 5,
[0077] For example, the wavelength conversion agent, as shown in Structural Formula 6, has m is 1, R1 and R2 represent ethyl groups, and R represents CH3:
[0078] Structural Formula 6,
[0079] For example, the wavelength conversion agent, as shown in Structural Formula 7, has m is 1, R1 represents a decyl group, and R2 represents an eicosyl group, and R represents H:
[0080] Structural Formula 7,
[0081] For example, the wavelength conversion agent, as shown in Structural Formula 8, has m is 12, R1 represents a decyl group, and R2 represents an eicosyl group, and R represents CH3:
[0082] Structural Formula 8,
[0083] Compared with the current technology, the wavelength conversion agent has an alkoxy group formed by the combination of R1 or R2 with an oxygen atom in its molecular structure, forming a strong electron-donating group. The electron-donating ability of the alkoxy group is stronger than that of the alkyl group, enhancing the interaction between the electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups in the wavelength conversion agent molecule, increasing the ultraviolet absorption band from 280-380 nm to 280-400 nm, and causing a bathochromic shift in the emission band. The molecular structure also has both ester and alkene groups. The ester group helps improve the compatibility of the wavelength conversion agent with the base resin, making the wavelength conversion agent more uniformly dispersed in the encapsulating film; the alkene group helps the wavelength conversion agent react with the base resin to graft onto the base resin molecules, preventing the wavelength conversion agent molecules from migrating or precipitating due to molecular motion. Moreover, the combination of ester and alkene groups does not affect the electron-withdrawing ability of the electron-withdrawing groups in the wavelength conversion agent molecule, nor does it affect the π-π conjugated structure of the wavelength conversion agent molecule, thereby ensuring a broader absorption band and emission wavelength that is more conducive to the absorption response of photovoltaic cells.
[0084] The preferred embodiment of the application provides an encapsulating film, which includes the wavelength conversion agent. In addition, it also includes the following components by weight: base resin, crosslinking agent, auxiliary crosslinking agent, antioxidant, light stabilizer, and coupling agent. The base resin is selected from EVA, POE, PVA, POP, PVB, PP, EAA, SEBS, PE, EMA, and EMMA.
[0085] The encapsulating film includes the wavelength conversion agent, and therefore, compared with the current technology, it can also increase the ultraviolet absorption band from 280-380 nm to 280-400 nm, intercepting all ultraviolet radiation, completely avoiding damage to the Si-H groups on the surface of HJT cells due to ultraviolet radiation, preventing the generation of surface defects, and ensuring the continuous and stable photoelectric conversion efficiency of HJT cells. There is no need to add an ultraviolet cutoff layer to intercept ultraviolet radiation that current wavelength conversion agents cannot absorb, reducing production processes and costs, and making it suitable for large-scale promotion and production.
[0086] Since the encapsulating film can intercept all ultraviolet radiation, it can also prevent ultraviolet radiation from reaching TOPCon photovoltaic cells. Even if the ultraviolet degradation mechanism of TOPCon photovoltaic cells is not clear, the ultraviolet radiation problem can be solved, thereby avoiding ultraviolet degradation of TOPCon photovoltaic cells.
[0087] In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent is selected from the following: tert-butyl peroxycarbonate isopropyl ester,
[0088] 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-bis (tert-butylperoxy) hexane, tert-butyl peroxycarbonate-2-ethylhexyl ester,
[0089] 1, 1-bis (tert-butylperoxy) -3, 3, 5-trimethylcyclohexane,
[0090] 1, 1-bis (tert-amylperoxy) -3, 3, 5-trimethylcyclohexane,
[0091] 1, 1-bis (tert-amylperoxy) cyclohexane, 1, 1-bis (tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane,
[0092] 2, 2-bis (tert-butylperoxy) butane, tert-amylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate,
[0093] 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-bis (benzoylperoxy) hexane, tert-amyl peroxycarbonate, tert-butyl peroxy-3, 3, 5-trimethylhexanoate.
[0094] In some embodiments, the auxiliary crosslinking agent is selected from the following: triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl cyanurate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, tris (2- (acryloyloxy) ethyl) isocyanurate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, propoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated glycerol triacrylate, propoxylated glycerol triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, trimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, di (trimethylolpropane) tetraacrylate, di (trimethylolpropane) tetramethacrylate, propoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, 2, 4, 6-trisallyloxy-1, 3, 5-triazine, dimethylol tricyclo decane diacrylate, propylene oxide neopentyl glycol diacrylate, ethoxylated bisphenol A diacrylate, ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate, 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1, 3-propanediol diacrylate, di (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, tri (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, and pol (yethylene glycol) dimethacrylate.
[0095] In some embodiments, the antioxidant is a hindered phenol-type compound and / or a phosphite-type compound. The hindered phenol-type compound includes but is not limited to the following: 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2, 2'-methylene-bis- (4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) , 2, 2'-methylene-bis- (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) , 4, 4'-butylidene-bis- (3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) , octadecyl-3- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, pentaerythritol-tetrakis (3- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate) , 7-octadecyl-3- (4'-hydroxy-3', 5'-di-tert-butylphenyl) propionate, Pentaerythritol tetrakis [3- (3', 5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] . The phosphite-type compound includes but is not limited to the following: tris (2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, bis (2, 4-di-tert-butyl-6-methyl phenyl) ethyl phosphite, tetrakis (2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) -1, 1-biphenyl-4, 4'-diylbisphosphite, and bis (2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite.
[0096] In some embodiments, the light stabilizer is selected from the following:
[0097] bis (2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) sebacate, bis (1-octyloxy-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) sebacate, 4-acryloyloxy-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl andα-olefin monomer polymerized graft copolymer, 4-hydroxy-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinol, 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid-hexadecyl ester, sebacic acid bis-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidinol, and tris (1, 2, 2, 6, 6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl) phosphite.
[0098] In some embodiments, the coupling agent is selected from the following: vinyl triethoxysilane, vinyl trimethoxysilane, vinyl triacetoxysilane, γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, γ-acryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, trimethoxysilylpropanethiol, γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, γ- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxysilane, N- (β-aminoethyl) -γ-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, γ-glycidyl ether oxypropyl trimethylsilane, 3-aminopropyl trimethylsilane.
[0099] The photovoltaic module includes the encapsulating film.
[0100] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module includes an HJT photovoltaic cell.
[0101] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module includes a TOPCon photovoltaic cell.
[0102] Whether it is an HJT photovoltaic cell or a TOPCon cell, the encapsulating film can provide comprehensive protection, thereby ensuring the long-term stability of the photovoltaic module's power generation and significantly reducing power degradation.
[0103] The following examples further illustrate the wide ultraviolet absorption band wavelength conversion agent, encapsulating film, and photovoltaic module.
[0104] Example 1
[0105] The example provides an encapsulating film, including 100 parts of EVA resin, 5 parts of tert-butyl peroxycarbonate-2-ethylhexyl ester, 10 parts of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, 0.1 parts of 2, 2'-methylene-bis- (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) , 0.1 parts of 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid hexadecyl ester, 2 parts of γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, and 0.1 parts of the wavelength conversion agent shown in Structural Formula 1.
[0106] The example also provides a photovoltaic module, including the encapsulating film and an HJT photovoltaic cell.
[0107] Example 2
[0108] The example provides an encapsulating film, including 100 parts of EVA resin, 5 parts of tert-butyl peroxycarbonate-2-ethylhexyl ester, 10 parts of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, 0.1 parts of 2, 2'-methylene-bis- (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) , 0.1 parts of 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid hexadecyl ester, 2 parts of γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, and 0.1 parts of the wavelength conversion agent shown in Structural Formula 2.
[0109] The example also provides a photovoltaic module, including the encapsulating film and an HJT photovoltaic cell.
[0110] Example 3
[0111] The example provides an encapsulating film, including 100 parts of EVA resin, 5 parts of tert-butyl peroxycarbonate-2-ethylhexyl ester, 10 parts of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, 0.1 parts of 2, 2'-methylene-bis- (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) , 0.1 parts of 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid hexadecyl ester, 2 parts of γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, and 0.1 parts of the wavelength conversion agent shown in Structural Formula 3.
[0112] The example also provides a photovoltaic module, including the encapsulating film and an HJT photovoltaic cell.
[0113] Example 4
[0114] The example provides an encapsulating film, including 100 parts of EVA resin, 5 parts of tert-butyl peroxycarbonate-2-ethylhexyl ester, 10 parts of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, 0.1 parts of 2, 2'-methylene-bis- (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) , 0.1 parts of 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid hexadecyl ester, 2 parts of γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, and 0.1 parts of the wavelength conversion agent shown in Structural Formula 4.
[0115] The example also provides a photovoltaic module, including the encapsulating film and an HJT photovoltaic cell.
[0116] Example 5
[0117] The example provides an encapsulating film, including 100 parts of EVA resin, 5 parts of tert-butyl peroxycarbonate-2-ethylhexyl ester, 10 parts of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, 0.1 parts of 2, 2'-methylene-bis- (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) , 0.1 parts of 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid hexadecyl ester, 2 parts of γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, and 0.1 parts of the wavelength conversion agent shown in Structural Formula 5.
[0118] The example also provides a photovoltaic module, including the encapsulating film and an HJT photovoltaic cell.
[0119] Example 6
[0120] The example provides an encapsulating film, including 100 parts of EVA resin, 5 parts of tert-butyl peroxycarbonate-2-ethylhexyl ester, 10 parts of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, 0.1 parts of 2, 2'-methylene-bis- (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) , 0.1 parts of 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid hexadecyl ester, 2 parts of γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, and 0.1 parts of the wavelength conversion agent shown in Structural Formula 6.
[0121] The example also provides a photovoltaic module, including the encapsulating film and an HJT photovoltaic cell.
[0122] Comparative Example 1
[0123] The comparative example provides an encapsulating film, including 100 parts of EVA resin, 5 parts of tert-butyl peroxycarbonate-2-ethylhexyl ester, 10 parts of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, 0.1 parts of 2, 2'-methylene-bis- (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) , 0.1 parts of 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid hexadecyl ester, and 2 parts of γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane.
[0124] The comparative example also provides a photovoltaic module, including the encapsulating film and an HJT photovoltaic cell.
[0125] Comparative Example2
[0126] The comparative example provides an encapsulating film, including 100 parts of EVA resin, 5 parts of tert-butyl peroxycarbonate-2-ethylhexyl ester, 10 parts of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, 0.1 parts of 2, 2'-methylene-bis- (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) , 0.1 parts of 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid hexadecyl ester, 2 parts of γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, and 0.1 parts of an ultraviolet cutoff agent: 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone.
[0127] The comparative example also provides a photovoltaic module, including the encapsulating film and an HJT photovoltaic cell.
[0128] Comparative Example 3
[0129] The comparative example provides an encapsulating film, including 100 parts of EVA resin, 5 parts of tert-butyl peroxycarbonate-2-ethylhexyl ester, 10 parts of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, 0.1 parts of 2, 2'-methylene-bis- (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) , 0.1 parts of 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid hexadecyl ester, 2 parts of γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, and 0.1 parts of a wavelength conversion agent. The structural formula of the wavelength conversion agent is as follows:
[0130] The comparative example also provides a photovoltaic module, including the encapsulating film and an HJT photovoltaic cell.
[0131] Comparative Example 4
[0132] The comparative example provides an encapsulating film, including 100 parts of EVA resin, 5 parts of tert-butyl peroxycarbonate-2-ethylhexyl ester, 10 parts of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, 0.1 parts of 2, 2'-methylene-bis- (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) , 0.1 parts of 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid hexadecyl ester, 2 parts of γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, and 0.1 parts of a wavelength conversion agent. The structural formula of the wavelength conversion agent is as follows:
[0133] The comparative example also provides a photovoltaic module, including the encapsulating film and an HJT photovoltaic cell.
[0134] Testing Methods:
[0135] 1. Transmittance Test: Refer to the method in GB / T 29848-2013 (National Standard "Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA) Film for Photovoltaic Module Encapsulation" ) to test the transmittance of the encapsulating film. The results are recorded in Table1.
[0136] 2. Ultraviolet Spectrum Test: Refer to the ASTM G154 test method to test the excitation and emission spectra of the encapsulating film. The test results are shown in Figures 1 to 10.
[0137] 3. Photovoltaic Module Ultraviolet Aging Test:
[0138] a. Refer to the IEC61215 standard to test the initial power (Pmax) of the photovoltaic module.
[0139] b. Place the photovoltaic module in a multi-UV aging chamber with an ultraviolet irradiation power of 240 W / m2and a temperature of 60℃, and accumulate the ultraviolet irradiation to UV120 kWh / m2.
[0140] c. Refer to the IEC61215 standard to test the power (Pmax) of the photovoltaic module after aging. Calculate the power degradation rate of the photovoltaic module. The test results and calculations are recorded in Table 2.
[0141] 4. Encapsulating Film Ultraviolet Aging Test:
[0142] a. Place the encapsulating film in a multi-UV aging chamber with an ultraviolet irradiation power of 240 W / m2and a temperature of 60℃, and accumulate the ultraviolet irradiation to UV120 kWh / m2.
[0143] b. Measure the color value of the encapsulating film before and after the ultraviolet aging test according to the national standard GB 2409 "Plastic Yellow Index Test Method" and calculate the yellowing index (ΔYI) .
[0144] c. Use the Edinburgh FLS1000 spectrometer and an integrating sphere to test the quantum yield (PLQY) of the encapsulating film before and after ultraviolet aging. Calculate the quantum yield (PLQY) degradation rate of the encapsulating film. The test results and calculations are recorded in Table 2.
[0145] Table 1: Transmittance of Encapsulating Films
[0146] From the transmittance test results of the encapsulating films, it can be seen that the encapsulating films provided in the examples have lower transmittance in the 280-400 nm range compared to the encapsulating films in Comparative Examples 3 and 4. Because the encapsulating films provided in the examples contain the wavelength conversion agent, which has better performance in intercepting ultraviolet radiation compared to the current technology (Comparative Examples 3 and 4) . At the same time, in the visible light range (400-1100nm) , the transmittance is basically the same as that of the high-transmittance film in the current technology (Comparative Example 1) , indicating that the addition of the wavelength conversion agent does not affect the transmittance of the encapsulating film in the visible light range, and thus does not affect the absorption of photons in the visible light range by the photovoltaic cells or the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cells in the visible light range.
[0147] The ultraviolet spectrum test results of the encapsulating films provided in the examples and comparative examples are shown in Figures 1 to 10. Figures 1 to 8 are the ultraviolet spectra of the encapsulating films provided in Examples 1 to 8, and Figures 9 and 10 are the ultraviolet spectra of the encapsulating films provided in Comparative Examples 3 and 4.
[0148] As shown in Figure 1, the encapsulating film provided in Example 1 absorbs ultraviolet radiation in the range of 280-403nm, with a maximum absorption peak at 349nm, and emits visible light in the range of 413-538nm, with a maximum emission peak at 443nm.
[0149] As shown in Figure 2, the encapsulating film provided in Example 2 absorbs ultraviolet radiation in the range of 280-402nm, with a maximum absorption peak at 349nm, and emits visible light in the range of 413-538nm, with a maximum emission peak at 442nm.
[0150] As shown in Figure 3, the encapsulating film provided in Example 3 absorbs ultraviolet radiation in the range of 280-401nm, with a maximum absorption peak at 350nm, and emits visible light in the range of 413-538nm, with a maximum emission peak at 442nm.
[0151] As shown in Figure 4, the encapsulating film provided in Example 4 absorbs ultraviolet radiation in the range of 280-402nm, with a maximum absorption peak at 350nm, and emits visible light in the range of 413-537nm, with a maximum emission peak at 442nm.
[0152] As shown in Figure 5, the encapsulating film provided in Example 5 absorbs ultraviolet radiation in the range of 280-401nm, with a maximum absorption peak at 350nm, and emits visible light in the range of 413-537nm, with a maximum emission peak at 421nm.
[0153] As shown in Figure 6, the encapsulating film provided in Example 6 absorbs ultraviolet radiation in the range of 280-403nm, with a maximum absorption peak at 351nm, and emits visible light in the range of 413-537nm, with a maximum emission peak at 439nm.
[0154] As shown in Figure 7, the encapsulating film provided in Example 7 absorbs ultraviolet radiation in the range of 280-404nm, with a maximum absorption peak at 349nm, and emits visible light in the range of 403-527nm, with a maximum emission peak at 440nm.
[0155] As shown in Figure 8, the encapsulating film provided in Example 8 absorbs ultraviolet radiation in the range of 280-404nm, with a maximum absorption peak at 351nm, and emits visible light in the range of 402-526nm, with a maximum emission peak at 441nm.
[0156] As shown in Figure 9, the encapsulating film provided in Comparative Example 3 absorbs ultraviolet radiation in the range of 280-373nm, with a maximum absorption peak at 342nm, and emits visible light in the range of 382-496nm, with a maximum emission peak at 420nm.
[0157] As shown in Figure 10, the encapsulating film provided in Comparative Example 4 absorbs ultraviolet radiation in the range of 280-380nm, with a maximum absorption peak at 342nm, and emits visible light in the range of 392-504nm, with a maximum emission peak at 421nm.
[0158] From the above results, it can be seen that the encapsulating films provided in the present preferred embodiment of the application have a wider absorption and emission band range compared to the current technology, with stronger absorption in the 380-400nm ultraviolet range and a broader emission in the visible light range above 440nm. Because the wavelength conversion agent has an alkoxy group formed by the combination of R1or R2with an oxygen atom in its molecular structure. The alkoxy group acts as an electron-donating group, and compared to the alkyl groups used in the current technology, the alkoxy group has a stronger electron-donating ability, enhancing the interaction between the electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups in the wavelength conversion agent molecule, resulting in a broader absorption band and a bathochromic shift in the emission band. Since photovoltaic cells have a higher response to longer wavelengths in the blue light range, the wide ultraviolet absorption band and broad visible light emission band characteristics of the encapsulating films provided in the present preferred embodiment of the application are beneficial for improving the power generation of photovoltaic modules.
[0159] Table 2: Ultraviolet Aging Performance Test
[0160] From the test results, it can be seen that the initial quantum yield and aged quantum yield of the encapsulating films containing the wavelength conversion agent provided in the present preferred embodiment of the application are higher than those of the encapsulating films containing the wavelength conversion agents of the current technology. Moreover, the quantum yield degradation of the encapsulating films containing the wavelength conversion agent provided in the present preferred embodiment of the application is much lower than that of the encapsulating films containing the wavelength conversion agents of the current technology. This indicates that the chemical fluorescence efficiency of the wavelength conversion agent provided in the present preferred embodiment of the application is superior to that of the current technology. When added to the encapsulating film, it has good compatibility with the resin in the encapsulating film, and after lamination, it can react with the resin, ensuring the stable and continuous wavelength conversion performance of the encapsulating film. The yellowing index of the encapsulating films containing the wavelength conversion agent provided in the present preferred embodiment of the application is also lower than that of the encapsulating films containing the wavelength conversion agents of the current technology, but higher than that of the high-transmittance film (Comparative Example 1) and the high-cutoff film (Comparative Example 2) . This indicates that the chemical stability of the wavelength conversion agent provided in the present preferred embodiment of the application is superior to that of the current technology.
[0161] From the test results, it can be seen that the initial power of the photovoltaic modules encapsulated with the encapsulating films provided in the present preferred embodiment of the application is significantly higher than that of the photovoltaic modules encapsulated with the high-cutoff film (Comparative Example 2) . The aged power of the photovoltaic modules encapsulated with the encapsulating films provided in the present preferred embodiment of the application is much higher than that of the photovoltaic modules encapsulated with the high-transmittance film (Comparative Example 1) , higher than that of the photovoltaic modules encapsulated with the high-cutoff film (Comparative Example 2) , and slightly higher than that of the photovoltaic modules encapsulated with the wavelength conversion films of the current technology (Comparative Examples 3 and 4) . The power degradation of the photovoltaic modules encapsulated with the encapsulating films provided in the present preferred embodiment of the application is much lower than that of the photovoltaic modules encapsulated with the high-transmittance film (Comparative Example 1) , lower than that of the photovoltaic modules encapsulated with the wavelength conversion films of the current technology (Comparative Examples 3 and 4) , and slightly higher than that of the photovoltaic modules encapsulated with the high-cutoff film (Comparative Example 2) . Although the wavelength conversion agent is limited by its own performance and can be damaged by ultraviolet radiation, compared to the power loss caused by the high-cutoff film and the high power degradation caused by the high-transmittance film, the encapsulating films provided in the present preferred embodiment of the application are more conducive to the long-term stability of the power generation of photovoltaic modules, ensuring the lifespan of the photovoltaic modules. Compared to the wavelength conversion films of the current technology, the encapsulating films provided in the present preferred embodiment of the application are more conducive to improving the power generation of photovoltaic modules.
[0162] The above are only preferred embodiment of the present invention and are not intended to limit the preferred embodiment of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the preferred embodiment of the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the preferred embodiment of the present invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Claims
1.Awide ultraviolet absorption band wavelength conversion agent, wherein the wavelength conversion agent is abenzotriazole-type compound, characterized in that the structural formula of the benzotriazole-type compound is as follows: wherein, R1 and R2 each independently represent C1 to C20 alkyl groups;R represents selected from H or CH3;m is an integer from 1 to 12;the benzotriazole-type compound molecule is provided with an alkoxy group connected to the phenylene as a strong electron-donating group, enabling the benzotriazole-type compound to absorb ultraviolet radiation in the range of 280 nm to 400 nm.2.The agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 represent selected from the same alkyl group.3.The agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 represent selected from different alkyl groups.4.An encapsulating film comprising thewavelength conversion agent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3.5.The encapsulating film as claimed in claim 4 further comprising following components by weight: base resin, crosslinking agent, auxiliary crosslinking agent, antioxidant, light stabilizer, and coupling agent.6.The encapsulating film as claimed in claim 5, wherein the base resin is selected from EVA, POE, PVA, POP, PVB, PP, EAA, SEBS, PE, EMA, and EMMA.7.Aphotovoltaic module comprising the encapsulating film as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6.8.The photovoltaic module as claimed in claim 7 comprising an HJT cell.9.The photovoltaic module as claimed in claim 7 comprising a TOPCon cell.
Citation Information
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