Infiltration of textile fabrics with a ceramic infiltration medium

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing an infiltrated technical textile (2) from a textile fabric (3) and a ceramic infiltration medium (4) in a continuous process, and to a system (1) for producing an infiltrated technical textile (2) from a textile fabric (3) and a ceramic infiltration medium (4) in a continuous process. The invention also relates to a corresponding infiltrated technical textile (2) comprising a textile fabric (3) and a ceramic infiltration medium (4), and to a method for producing a fire-protection element for preventing damage during thermal runaway of at least one battery element.

Description

[0001] Infiltration of textile surfaces with ceramic infiltration medium

[0002] The present invention relates to a method for producing an infiltrated technical textile from a textile fabric and a ceramic infiltration medium in a continuous process. The invention also relates to a system for producing an infiltrated technical textile from a textile fabric and a ceramic infiltration medium in a continuous process. Furthermore, the invention relates to a correspondingly produced infiltrated technical textile, as well as a method for producing a fire protection element to prevent damage in the event of thermal runaway of at least one battery cell.

[0003] In the technical field of fire protection elements, considerable efforts are being made, particularly to prevent major damage caused by the so-called thermal runaway of battery cells. Especially in the field of electromobility, it is crucial that users of such technologies, such as occupants of electric vehicles, are protected as effectively as possible from potentially enormous damage should such battery failures, like thermal runaway, occur.

[0004] The use of so-called fire protection elements, which, for example, enclose the battery element(s) and thus offer sufficient protection even in the event of thermal runaway, is widely known. In particular, it is known to integrate such fire protection elements into the covers of casings or, more generally, into the enclosing structures of battery elements.

[0005] Furthermore, it is known that ceramic materials are particularly well-suited to withstand high thermal stress, such as in the described case of thermal runaway of battery cells, and thus prevent potential damage. In the field of application for such ceramic materials, it is particularly interesting to utilize textile structures, as these allow for a wide variety of processing methods and numerous integration options in various other industrial applications, such as integration into fire protection elements. In this context, it is desirable, especially with regard to applications in electromobility, to increase production capacities of suitable textiles for the outlined thermal stresses and also to reduce manufacturing costs in order to meet the growing demand for the electrification of industry and mobility.

[0006] Against this background, the present invention is based on the objective of providing a method for producing an infiltrated technical textile from a textile fabric and a ceramic infiltration medium in a continuous process, with which method a large number of infiltrated technical textiles for subsequent industrial applications can be provided in the most cost-effective way possible.

[0007] Furthermore, the invention is based on the objective of providing a suitable system for the production of an infiltrated technical textile from a textile fabric and a ceramic infiltration medium in a continuous process, with which system a large number of infiltrated technical textiles for subsequent industrial applications can be produced in the most cost-effective way possible.

[0008] Furthermore, the invention is based on the objective of providing a corresponding infiltrated technical textile, comprising a textile surface structure and a ceramic infiltration medium, with which the requirements for cost-effective production in large quantities for subsequent industrial applications can be met for the infiltrated technical textile.

[0009] Furthermore, the invention is based on the objective of providing a method for manufacturing a fire protection element to prevent damage in the event of thermal runaway of at least one battery element, with which a large number of fire protection elements can be manufactured in the most cost-effective way possible.

[0010] The problem is solved for a process for producing an infiltrated technical textile by a process for producing an infiltrated technical textile from a textile fabric and a ceramic infiltration medium in a continuous process with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the manufacturing process are described in dependent claims 2 to 16.

[0011] The problem is solved for a plant for the production of an infiltrated technical textile by a plant for the production of an infiltrated technical textile from a textile fabric and a ceramic infiltration medium in a continuous process with the features of claim 17. Advantageous embodiments of the plant are described in dependent claims 18 to 19.

[0012] 24 described.

[0013] The task is accomplished for a corresponding infiltrated technical textile by a corresponding infiltrated technical textile, comprising a textile surface structure and a ceramic infiltration medium, with the features of the claim.

[0014] 25 solved.

[0015] The problem is solved for a method for manufacturing a fire protection element by a method for manufacturing a fire protection element for preventing damage in the event of thermal runaway of at least one battery cell, having the features of claim 26. An advantageous embodiment of the manufacturing method is described in dependent claim 27.

[0016] Essential to the invention is the realization that, on the one hand, infiltrating a technical textile with a ceramic medium can offer a multitude of possibilities for using the textile in industrial applications, particularly in fire protection elements, while, on the other hand, large-scale industrial production is enabled by providing a continuous manufacturing process. A cost-effective, large-scale production process is made possible by drying the ceramic infiltration medium without the energy-intensive firing of the ceramic infiltration medium. This leads to a reduction in production costs and energy consumption, which improves the economic viability and environmental friendliness of the process. By selectively adjusting the degree of wetness, or...The residual moisture content of the infiltrated technical textile during the manufacturing process ensures good processability, particularly within a continuous production process and especially during final finishing, for example, in a station that cuts the continuously produced technical textile into easily processable or transportable pieces, or that winds the continuously produced textile onto a roll or coil. This also results in high flexibility and efficiency in further processing and from a logistical perspective, allowing the production chain to be optimized and delivery times to be shortened.

[0017] The proposed method for producing an infiltrated technical textile from a textile fabric and a ceramic infiltration medium in a continuous process comprises at least the following steps a) to d): a) The textile fabric is continuously fed from a feed station, where it is wound, for example, on a roll or coil, and conveyed in a continuous motion, for example, by continuous unwinding or a winding process implemented at the end of the manufacturing process, to an infiltration station. b) The textile fabric, which may be, for example, a nonwoven or woven fabric or multilayer combinations thereof, is infiltrated with the ceramic infiltration medium in the infiltration station.In particular, the textile is embedded in the ceramic infiltration medium. This ceramic infiltration medium, also known as slip, can be referred to as a matrix when bonded to the textile. Infiltration typically involves more than simply wetting or coating the textile with the ceramic infiltration medium; rather, it is a method of surrounding the textile with the infiltration medium, ensuring that the medium penetrates as deeply as possible into the textile structure, including open joints and even the "valleys" of a three-dimensional surface. Therefore, after step b), the textile structure contains infiltrated ceramic infiltration medium.This ensures a uniform distribution of the infiltration medium, which improves the mechanical and thermal properties of subsequent end products and leads to higher quality and reliability in subsequent industrial applications. c) The textile fabric is fed into a heating station and at least partially dried there. The drying process in the heating station can be carried out, for example, by applying heat. However, it is crucial that the ceramic infiltration medium does not sinter. In principle, several heating stations can be provided. In any case, complete drying, as defined in this application, takes place in the last heating station before the final finishing station (in the direction of production).This means that the textile fabric, including the infiltrated ceramic infiltration medium, now exists as an infiltrated technical textile with such minimal residual moisture that its basis weight no longer changes under stable ambient conditions (as would be the case with a higher residual moisture content and further evaporation of moisture within the infiltrated technical textile under those same ambient conditions). If desired or necessary for the process, the moist infiltration medium forming the matrix can be partially dried in preceding heating stages before the final one, leaving a certain amount of residual moisture so that the infiltrated textile medium, i.e., the textile fabric, remains suitable for further processing. In step c), the textile fabric containing the infiltrated ceramic infiltration medium is therefore at least partially dried (but not sintered).This reduces the need for energy-intensive processes, enabling faster and more cost-effective production. d) The textile fabric is fed to a finishing station and prepared as an infiltrated technical textile for use in subsequent industrial applications. The finishing station can, for example, cut the textile into sections that are easily transported or processed further, or continuously remove the textile from the manufacturing process and, for example, wind it onto a roll or coil. In step d), the textile fabric, which contains infiltrated ceramic infiltration medium and has been at least partially dried, is therefore fed to the finishing station.In particular, the infiltrated technical textile is prepared in the assembly station for use in a fire protection element to prevent damage in the event of thermal runaway of a battery cell. This therefore also ensures the efficient supply of fire protection elements that can be used in critical applications such as the battery industry, thereby increasing the safety and reliability of these applications.

[0018] The proposed method provides a continuous manufacturing process for the continuous production of ceramic-infiltrated technical textiles. Instead of batch production or the isolated manual or machine-assisted application, wetting, or even embedding of ceramic infiltration medium into pre-cut technical fabric, a desired infiltrated technical textile is produced. Rather, a continuous manufacturing process is enabled. This leads to an increase in production capacity and ensures consistently high quality of the textiles produced. The characteristic "in a continuous process" in this context refers to the continuous processing of the textile fabric through the manufacturing plant.to understand the manufacturing process, whereby the characteristic is not to be understood so restrictively that the manufacturing process cannot also be stopped and resumed or continued. For example, when unwinding textile fabrics at the feeding station, it is necessary to change the roll or coil containing the textile fabric as the starting material after the roll is used up, which may require stopping the continuous process. Similarly, the finishing station may also require temporarily stopping the continuous movement of the textile fabric through the process, for example, by stopping the feed and cutting it into mat-like pieces.The infiltrated material is processed into sections, for example as so-called "mats," "sheets," or "panels," or by winding the manufactured infiltrated technical textiles onto a roll or coil. However, the process must be stopped once the roll is full and another roll needs to be integrated for further winding. In this sense, the manufacturing process can therefore also exhibit certain discontinuous aspects. This results in a high degree of adaptability and versatility of the end products, which expands their potential applications in various industrial sectors and increases their marketability.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment of the method for producing an infiltrated technical textile, the textile fabric comprises a nonwoven or several nonwovens as its starting material. Alternatively or additionally, the textile fabric can comprise a woven fabric or several woven fabrics as its starting material. The textile fabric can also consist of one or more nonwovens, one or more woven fabrics, or a combination of one or more nonwovens and woven fabrics.The description of the textile structure, which consists of nonwoven fabric(s) and / or woven fabric(s), does not preclude the possibility that, as proposed, ceramic infiltration medium is also infiltrated into the textile structure. Thus, the resulting infiltrated technical textile comprises both the textile structure (nonwoven fabric(s) and / or woven fabric) and the associated ceramic infiltration medium. Both nonwoven fabrics and woven fabrics can be readily integrated into the proposed continuous manufacturing process, particularly since they can be unwound from rolls as feedstock or easily wound up as finished infiltrated technical textiles. Furthermore, the basic textile structure allows for a wide range of subsequent tasks in various industrial applications.In particular, the aforementioned textile structures can be readily integrated into a fire protection element to prevent damage in the event of thermal runaway of at least one battery cell. The inherent flexibility of the textile structure, in the form of nonwovens or woven fabrics, is especially advantageous for further processing and integration into fire protection elements and must be maintained despite infiltration with ceramic infiltration medium and corresponding drying processes.

[0020] In particular, the nonwoven fabric(s) can each have at least one tension thread, which can serve to unwind the textile fabric from a roll and, if necessary, to guide the textile fabric through the manufacturing process or the corresponding equipment. This ensures precise and controlled guidance of the material throughout the entire production process, which can increase the efficiency and accuracy of the manufacturing.

[0021] The textile fabric can, for example, have inorganic fibers as its starting material or consist of inorganic fibers. Preferably, the textile fabric can have mineral and / or non-metallic fibers, in particular glass fibers, or consist of mineral and / or non-metallic fibers, in particular glass fibers.Glass fibers, in particular, have proven advantageous because they are both cost-effective and, for subsequent industrial applications, especially for the use of infiltrating technical textiles in fire protection elements to prevent damage from thermal runaway of at least one battery cell, it has been shown that under high thermal stresses, especially of relatively short duration such as thermal runaway, it is irrelevant if the underlying textile structure cannot withstand the stresses in the long term and even melts, as can happen with glass, since the ceramic matrix can still provide sufficient protection, even without the glass fiber structure, during the further course of the thermal damage event.

[0022] As an alternative to glass fibers, carbon or graphite fibers, basalt fibers, or even ceramic fibers, particularly those consisting primarily of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) or mullite, can be used. In one embodiment, the ceramic fibers are particularly preferably oxide ceramic fibers. Oxide ceramic fibers consisting primarily of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) or mullite serve as an example. The manufacturer 3M offers rovings of various thicknesses under the Nextel® brand, which contain a multitude of fibers bundled together, made of Al₂O₃ or mullite, or mixtures thereof. Nextel® 610 offers rovings made of fibers consisting of 100% aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃). Nextel® 720 offers rovings made of fibers consisting predominantly of mullite. The purely mullite fibers of type R-3840A from the manufacturer Nitivy Co., Ltd. have also proven suitable.(Tokyo, Japan) as well as the Altra Flex M80 type fibers from the manufacturer Rath AG (Vienna, Austria). Zirconium dioxide-doped ceramic fibers have also proven suitable in connection with the present invention. Doping the fibers with zirconium dioxide can increase their creep resistance.

[0023] However, it is preferable if the textile fabric consists of non-ceramic fibers as the base material. This reduces material costs and facilitates processing, while simultaneously achieving the desired mechanical and thermal properties through ceramic infiltration.

[0024] According to a preferred embodiment of the process for producing an infiltrated technical textile, the ceramic infiltration medium comprises an aluminosilicate and / or aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) and / or silicon dioxide (SiO₂). The ceramic infiltration medium particularly includes a ceramic, especially oxide ceramic, base component. This ensures high thermal stability and mechanical strength of the final product, which improves its suitability for demanding industrial applications, especially in battery technology. Another specific application example is that the ceramic infiltration medium comprises mullite, especially synthetic reactive mullite, and optionally also other ceramic components.

[0025] According to a preferred embodiment of the method for producing an infiltrated technical textile, the ceramic infiltration medium is provided in the infiltration station as a mixture comprising a ceramic, in particular oxide ceramic, base component and at least one additive. The additive(s) can, in particular, serve to keep the ceramic infiltration medium continuously processable during the manufacturing process and to establish a desired elasticity, also in the product in the form of the infiltrated technical textile. This enables uniform and consistent processing of the infiltration medium, which improves its application in a continuous manufacturing process and also increases the quality and reliability of the final product.

[0026] In particular, the ceramic infiltration medium comprises at least one additive, preferably several additives, from the following group:

[0027] - Water, and / or

[0028] - a liquefier for adjusting the viscosity of the ceramic infiltration medium, and / or - a binder, in particular in the form of an organic additive, especially polyvinyl alcohol, and / or

[0029] - a hygroscopic component.

[0030] The ceramic infiltration medium can also be referred to as a slip. In particular, the slip can contain a binder as an additive, which can advantageously be organic. This binder can be formulated to adjust the elasticity of the textile fabric, as well as the produced infiltrated technical textile, within a predefined range. In this way, good processability and storability, as well as suitability for subsequent applications of the produced technical textile, even as an unsintered green body, can be ensured. The addition of such a binder to the slip can also lead to an improvement in the abrasion resistance of the dried slip. Furthermore, the addition of such a binder can lead to increased resistance of the dried slip to moisture.

[0031] According to a preferred embodiment of the method for producing an infiltrated technical textile, the textile fabric is provided as a multilayer material. This improves the mechanical strength and thermal stability of the final product, making it particularly suitable for demanding industrial applications, especially in battery technology.

[0032] Preferably, several layers of the multilayer material of the textile fabric, in particular two or three layers of nonwoven and / or woven fabric, can be combined into a single textile fabric before the infiltration station or within the infiltration station during infiltration with the ceramic infiltration medium. It can be particularly advantageous if the infiltration station itself and, if necessary, units required for infiltration, such as rollers of a foulard, are also used to join the several layers of textile fabrics into a single, subsequently infiltrated textile fabric. In the described embodiment, it is advantageous in any case that an infiltration station or a unit responsible for infiltration, such as a foulard, is responsible for infiltrating the multilayer material of the textile fabric.This allows for more efficient manufacturing, as several steps can be combined into a single process step, reducing production time and costs.

[0033] Alternatively, several layers of the multilayer material of the textile fabric, in particular two or three layers of nonwoven and / or woven fabric, can each be infiltrated separately with ceramic infiltration medium in adjacent application units of the infiltration station, and the several layers of the multilayer material of the textile fabric can only be combined into a single textile fabric after passing through the infiltration station. In particular, the several layers of the multilayer material of the textile fabric can be infiltrated with at least two different types or modifications of ceramic infiltration medium. Different types or modifications of ceramic infiltration medium can also refer, for example, to the fact that they contain the same ceramic components, but possibly different additives, or even just different compositions.It is also possible to vary only the application quantity or other parameters, such as the temperature of the medium to be infiltrated. This achieves flexibility and adaptability of the process, as different material properties can be precisely adjusted to meet the specific requirements of subsequent industrial applications.

[0034] A particularly preferred embodiment exists when the textile fabric comprises at least one layer of nonwoven material and at least one layer of woven fabric. According to one embodiment, it is conceivable that one layer, or preferably at least two layers, of nonwoven material are first infiltrated and then, for example without passing through a heating station, bonded to a layer of woven fabric, for example, without infiltration, and subsequently, for example, at least partially dried together and fed to the finishing station.

[0035] According to a preferred embodiment of the method for producing an infiltrated technical textile, the textile fabric is fed to a second infiltration station after step b), particularly after step c), and before step d). This second infiltration station is arranged downstream of the infiltration station in the feed direction of the textile fabric, and the textile fabric is infiltrated with a ceramic infiltration medium in this second infiltration station. More preferably, particularly if the at least partial drying in the heating station does not take place downstream of the second infiltration station, the textile fabric can be fed to a second heating station. This second heating station is arranged downstream of the second infiltration station in the feed direction of the textile fabric, and the textile fabric is at least partially dried in this second heating station.In this way, a kind of double infiltration is achieved. The processes can also be repeated more than twice, resulting in multiple infiltrations. If a multi-layered textile fabric is present, several infiltration processes can also be carried out. However, the process can also be adapted so that one or more layers are infiltrated multiple times, but further layers are only added after one or more infiltration processes have been completed, so that not all layers undergo all infiltration processes.

[0036] In the two or more infiltration processes described, the same ceramic infiltration medium can be used, or the infiltration medium can be adapted or changed. It is also conceivable to exchange or adjust the ceramic component or its composition, or simply to modify the ceramic infiltration medium itself. This can also ensure flexibility and adaptability of the process, as various material properties can be more precisely adjusted to meet the specific requirements of subsequent industrial applications.

[0037] The distinction between the different heating stations—that is, the primary heating station, the secondary heating station, or further subsequent heating stations—is made here by defining the area following an infiltration process as its own heating station. For example, infiltration may take place within a heated atmosphere, such as a climate chamber. In other words, the infiltration station is located within such a climate chamber, within a heated atmosphere, or within the area of ​​a heating station. In this case, the area downstream of the infiltration station, viewed in the direction of production, is referred to as a heating station. If further infiltration occurs in the direction of production, for example, if a secondary infiltration station is located, but this infiltration station is still within the same heating station, it is referred to as a heating station.Even if the area in the production direction is arranged in a climate chamber, the area after this (second) infiltration is nevertheless subsequently referred to as a second heating station or further heating station, even if this second or further heating station provides the same heating conditions or is provided within the same climate chamber.

[0038] It is also possible for the second infiltration station (or a further one) to follow the (first or a preceding) infiltration station without an intervening heating station. In this case, the heating station then follows the second infiltration station (or the further infiltration station). It is only necessary that at least one (final) heating station be present, following the (final) infiltration station, to remove the residual moisture from the infiltrated textile fabric as defined in the present application (so that, under stable ambient conditions, there is no decrease in basis weight due to evaporation). Such an embodiment may be preferred in that a first infiltration leads to a "wet" textile fabric, and then a so-called "wet-on-wet infiltration" takes place in the second infiltration station (or a further subsequent infiltration station).

[0039] According to a preferred embodiment of the method for producing an infiltrated technical textile, the textile fabric is infiltrated with the ceramic infiltration medium by means of a foulard in the infiltration station and / or in the secondary infiltration station. Even if several layers are infiltrated within a single infiltration station, this can be done via foulards, for example, via several foulards connected in parallel within the single infiltration station or integrated into the process in parallel. A desired deep penetration of the ceramic infiltration medium into the textile fabric can thus be ensured. This guarantees that the infiltration medium penetrates the material uniformly and deeply, which improves the mechanical and thermal properties of the final product. In particular, the foulard can be used to infiltrate the fabric.The foulards can each have an adjustable gap, allowing the application rate or penetration depth of the ceramic infiltration medium to be set. This offers high flexibility in the infiltration process, further improving the quality and consistency of the final product. Specifically, the adjustable gap can be set between 0.2 mm and 2.0 mm, preferably between 0.3 mm and 1.0 mm.

[0040] Preferably, the rollers of the foulard can have a thermoplastic material, in particular thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC), at least on their outer surfaces, or be made entirely of a thermoplastic material, in particular thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). This allows for a predefined flexibility and, in particular, hardness of the roller surface, and ensures efficient infiltration of the ceramic infiltration medium into the textile fabric. Especially when using multiple foulards, the process can also employ different combinations of rollers, particularly with regard to surface hardness and / or materials, especially within the impregnation station and the secondary impregnation station or further impregnation stations.

[0041] It is preferably possible that at least one roller of the foulard is replaced with a new roller after a certain period of infiltration of the textile fabric with ceramic infiltration medium, preferably via a turret system comprising several rollers. This can improve continuous and efficient production by minimizing downtime and maintaining the quality of the infiltration process.

[0042] In principle, the foulard(s) can be used to perform infiltration, for example, in the form of a gusset infiltration and / or a trough infiltration. Infiltration using a doctor blade technique is also possible.

[0043] According to a preferred embodiment of the method for producing an infiltrated technical textile, a heating section of the heating station in step c) is divided into two areas. Alternatively or additionally, a heating section of the second heating station can be divided into two areas. In particular, the following applies:

[0044] - A change between vertical and horizontal guidance of the textile surface structure by the heating station and / or by the secondary heating station takes place between the two areas, preferably from first the vertical guidance to then the horizontal guidance; and / or

[0045] - Between the two sections of the heating path, the heating of the textile surface is interrupted.

[0046] If a heating section is interrupted, an unheated area exists, and the textile fabric containing the ceramic infiltration medium is, for example, taken out of the climate chamber for a certain section and guided outside the chamber. Such an interruption is particularly useful when transitioning from a vertical to a horizontal guide, i.e., when a vertical heating station transitions to a horizontal one. It is also conceivable that the transition between vertical and horizontal guidance occurs between the first heating station and the second heating station (or between the second heating station and subsequent heating stations). By definition, a heating station is understood to be one in which infiltration takes place upstream of it in the production direction.

[0047] It is also conceivable to alternate between vertical and horizontal guidance without a heating station or section of a heating line in the upstream section. For example, infiltration can take place in a vertical section, but no drying can yet occur in a heating station; then there can be a change to a horizontal section in which the heating station is located and at least partial drying takes place.

[0048] It is also conceivable that the manufacturing process is carried out entirely vertically, i.e., in a system with a consistently vertical orientation, or, as may be preferred for achieving a larger industrial scale, entirely horizontally, i.e., in a system with a consistently horizontal orientation. Particularly in the case of a horizontal orientation, a previously described interruption of the heating section is also possible, but this interruption is not mandatory. For example, it is possible to divide the heating section in such a way that, after infiltration and before final (at least partial) drying, the textile fabric is initially only partially dried on its underside, and then, with its underside at least partially dried, is fed into the further heating section of the heating station to undergo final (at least partial) drying.This can have the advantage that in the climate chamber of the second area of ​​the heating section, the textile surface structure (or the corresponding composite with a carrier material), which is already at least partially dried on its underside, no longer has any wet ceramic infiltration medium on its underside, so that any support rollers of the heating section, on which the medium is guided through the heating section, no longer become contaminated with the wet infiltration medium on the underside.

[0049] In particular, drying can be carried out in the heating station and / or in the secondary heating station (or any further heating stations provided) as follows: by means of infrared drying, and / or by means of at least one hot air dryer, and / or by means of microwave drying.

[0050] According to a preferred embodiment of the method for producing an infiltrated technical textile, an effective heating section in the heating station and / or in the secondary heating station is adjusted to achieve a desired residual moisture content in the produced technical textile. Preferably, this adjustment is made by modifying the vertical and / or horizontal length of the heating section by switching individual heating elements on or off. Alternatively or additionally, the intensity of the individual heating elements can also be adjusted. With the final, at least partial, drying in the process before the finishing station, complete drying as defined in the present application should preferably occur, so that under stable ambient conditions no further decrease in basis weight due to evaporation takes place. In the case of preceding heating stations, it may be preferred that a higher residual moisture content is maintained to facilitate the subsequent process steps.to continue through the system. In this respect, a particularly advantageous embodiment lies in the fact that the residual moisture in the textile fabric is set or remains higher before a second infiltration station than the residual moisture in the textile fabric after the last heating station, when the textile fabric is fed to the garment manufacturing station as infiltrated technical textile.

[0051] According to a preferred embodiment of the method for producing an infiltrated technical textile, drying takes place in the heating station and / or in the secondary heating station (or any further heating stations provided) by setting a drying temperature of < 120 °C, preferably < 110 °C, particularly preferably < 100 °C. Different drying temperatures can also be set in different heating stations.

[0052] According to a preferred embodiment of the method for producing an infiltrated technical textile, a carrier material for supporting the textile fabric is fed to the textile fabric and bonded to it before step d). In step d), the textile fabric, together with the carrier material, is fed to the finishing station and prepared there as an infiltrated technical textile for use in subsequent industrial applications. The carrier material can be fed, for example, after step b). Furthermore, the feeding can occur, for example, after step c) and / or after the second infiltration station and / or between a vertical guide and a horizontal guide of the textile fabric through the heating station or through the second heating station. However, the feeding can also be carried out before step c).

[0053] Preferably, the carrier material can be supplied upstream of the infiltration station. Alternatively, the carrier material can also be supplied within the infiltration station. In both cases, the carrier material can be bonded to the textile fabric before infiltration according to step b) or simultaneously with infiltration according to step b). For example, the infiltration step can be used to bond the previously separated textile fabric (e.g., the nonwoven) and the carrier material (e.g., the woven fabric) together using the ceramic infiltration medium. In the other case mentioned, the bond between the two materials or layers (e.g., nonwoven and woven fabric) can first be established, and this composite material can then be infiltrated together with the ceramic infiltration medium.

[0054] It is preferable that the carrier material is fed to a humidification station for moistening before infiltration according to step b). Particularly with regard to fabrics used as carrier materials, preferably glass fiber fabrics, it has been found that humidification is especially advantageous in order to achieve the best possible infiltration with the ceramic infiltration medium.

[0055] According to another embodiment of the manufacturing process, the carrier material can be fed to the humidification station in a state already bonded to the textile fabric and moistened there as a composite material. This moist composite material can then be subjected to infiltration. Alternatively, only the carrier material (e.g., woven fabric) can be moistened first, and then a bond can be formed with the textile fabric (e.g., nonwoven fabric), which bond can then be subjected to infiltration (or, alternatively, the bond formed during infiltration from the dry textile fabric, e.g., nonwoven fabric, and the moistened carrier material, e.g., woven fabric).

[0056] According to a further embodiment, the textile fabric can first be infiltrated, then bonded to the carrier material, preferably in the form of a woven fabric, without being at least partially dried or at least without being completely dried as defined in the present application, and subsequently the carrier material together with the previously wet, infiltrated textile fabric is fed to the heating station or at least to the heating station responsible for the final at least partial drying before the finishing station. In this case, it is advantageous to also omit an additional adhesive or...Additional slurry as a bonding agent between the carrier material and the already infiltrated textile surface structure can be omitted, since the wet textile surface structure, in the sense of not yet being completely dry, bonds sufficiently well with the (dry) carrier material due to its wet state and high moisture content.

[0057] The carrier material may preferably comprise or consist of the following: fabric, in particular fiberglass fabric, or mica carrier material, in particular mica foil or mica tape.

[0058] According to a preferred embodiment of the method for producing an infiltrated technical textile, the carrier material is bonded to the textile fabric by lamination, preferably using a lamination roller. In this preferred embodiment, the lamination can be carried out such that the textile fabric is fed vertically and, upon transitioning to a horizontal guide, is bonded to the carrier material by lamination. Preferably, a deflection roller for redirecting the textile fabric from the vertical guide to the horizontal guide, together with the lamination roller, can effect the bonding of the carrier material to the textile fabric.

[0059] According to a preferred embodiment of the method for producing an infiltrated technical textile, the textile fabric is provided in step d) as an infiltrated technical textile in the finishing station for use in subsequent industrial applications as follows:

[0060] - by winding onto a roll as infiltrated rolled goods, or

[0061] - by cutting, in particular laser cutting, or by punching into planar sections as infiltrated mat material, preferably further by subsequent forming, in particular by pressing or by deep drawing.

[0062] The applicant has surprisingly discovered a method for impregnating technical textiles with a ceramic matrix, while simultaneously enabling the large-scale storage and further processing of these technical textiles, for example as infiltrated roll goods in their wound state or as infiltrated mat goods, as well as in their green state with respect to the ceramic matrix. The infiltrated mat goods can also be referred to as infiltrated sheets or infiltrated panels.

[0063] According to a preferred embodiment of the method for producing an infiltrated technical textile, the textile fabric is at least partially dried such that the technical textile is provided in an unfired green compact state at the finishing station for use in subsequent industrial applications. Significant energy savings can be achieved, and further processing and storage of the technical textile can also be simplified if the unfired green compact state with respect to the ceramic infiltration medium is maintained. For this purpose, it can be provided that the textile fabric is at least partially dried exclusively under conditions that do not correspond to those required for firing the ceramic infiltration medium.In this regard, the textile surface structure can only be at least partially dried at a drying temperature below the firing temperature required for firing the ceramic infiltration medium and / or only for a drying duration below the firing duration required for firing the ceramic infiltration medium.

[0064] The proposed system for manufacturing an infiltrated technical textile is described below. To avoid repetition, reference may also be made to the preceding descriptions of the proposed manufacturing process for an infiltrated technical textile. This also applies to the subsequent descriptions of a proposed infiltrated technical textile, a proposed process for manufacturing a fire protection element, and a proposed fire protection element for preventing damage in the event of thermal runaway of at least one battery cell. Technical features and advantages described only in relation to one of the proposed items or processes can also be transferred to the other items or processes in a technically meaningful manner, thus forming further independent embodiments.

[0065] The proposed system is designed for the continuous production of an infiltrated technical textile from a textile fabric and a ceramic infiltration medium. The proposed system comprises at least the following four stations:

[0066] - A feeding station designed to provide the textile fabric as input material and continuously feed it out, as well as to feed it in a continuous motion to an infiltration station. This ensures a uniform and continuous supply of material, which increases the efficiency and consistency of the production process.

[0067] - The infiltration station, which is arranged and configured downstream of the feed station in the feed direction of the textile fabric, infiltrates the textile fabric with a ceramic infiltration medium. This achieves a uniform distribution of the infiltration medium within the material as a ceramic matrix, which improves the mechanical and thermal properties of the final product.

[0068] - A heating station, arranged downstream of the infiltration station in the feed direction of the textile fabric, is designed to at least partially dry the textile fabric. This reduces the residual moisture in the material or removes it entirely, as defined in the present application, whereby the infiltrated technical textile no longer exhibits any residual moisture to such an extent that the basis weight no longer changes under stable ambient conditions (as would be the case, for example, with a higher residual moisture content and further evaporation of moisture in the infiltrated technical textile under those ambient conditions), and thus improves the further processing and storage properties of the final product.

[0069] - A finishing station, arranged and configured downstream of the heating station in the feed direction of the textile fabric, provides the textile fabric as an infiltrated technical textile for use in subsequent industrial applications. This enables efficient and flexible adaptation of the process to the specific requirements of the industrial applications.

[0070] The described system enables a continuous manufacturing process that not only increases production capacity but also ensures the quality and consistency of the manufactured infiltrated technical textiles. Integrating the various stations into a continuous process reduces production times and costs, thereby increasing the system's efficiency and competitiveness. Furthermore, the ability to continuously adjust and control process parameters contributes to the production of high-quality and reliable end products suitable for a wide range of industrial applications, particularly in fire protection within battery technology.

[0071] Preferably, the feed station of the system can have at least one nonwoven and / or woven fabric as the starting material, preferably in the form of at least one wound roll. This allows for easy handling and continuous feeding of the material, which increases the efficiency and consistency of the production process. Nonwovens and woven fabrics are suitable textile materials for infiltration with ceramic infiltration medium and for conveying through a system in a continuous production process.

[0072] According to a preferred embodiment of the system for producing an infiltrated technical textile, the system comprises at least one reservoir containing the ceramic infiltration medium, which in particular comprises an aluminosilicate and / or aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) and / or silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and / or mullite, preferably synthetic reactive mullite. This ensures a constant and reliable supply of the infiltration medium to the infiltration station, which improves the quality and consistency of the final product.

[0073] According to another preferred embodiment of the plant for the production of an infiltrated technical textile, the plant comprises:

[0074] - a second infiltration station, which is arranged and configured downstream of the infiltration station in the feed direction of the textile structure, to infiltrate the textile structure with ceramic infiltration medium, and, preferably, furthermore

[0075] - a second heating station, which is arranged and set up in the feed direction of the textile fabric behind the second infiltration station to at least partially dry the textile fabric.

[0076] This allows for double or multiple infiltration of the material, which further improves the mechanical and thermal properties of the final product and offers greater flexibility and adaptability to the production process. It is also possible to position the second infiltration station downstream of the first infiltration station but upstream of the (first) heating station. In this case, a so-called "wet-on-wet infiltration" process can be carried out in the second infiltration station.

[0077] According to a preferred embodiment of the system for producing an infiltrated technical textile, the infiltration station and / or the secondary infiltration station comprises a foulard for infiltrating the textile fabric with a ceramic infiltration medium. This ensures that the infiltration medium penetrates the material uniformly and deeply, thus improving the mechanical and thermal properties of the final product. In particular, the foulard(s) can each have an adjustable gap. Specifically, the adjustable gap can be set between 0.2 mm and 2.0 mm, preferably between 0.3 mm and 1.0 mm. The adjustable gap can be configured to control the infiltration rate.

[0078] Preferably, the rollers of the foulard can have a thermoplastic material, in particular thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC), at least on their outer surfaces, or be made entirely of a thermoplastic material, in particular thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The use of thermoplastic materials for the roller surfaces offers a predefined flexibility or hardness, which facilitates the efficient infiltration of the ceramic infiltration medium into the textile fabric. This leads to greater efficiency and reliability of the infiltration process, reducing production time and costs.

[0079] According to a preferred embodiment of the plant for manufacturing an infiltrated technical textile, at least one roller of the foulard can be configured to be interchangeable with a new roller via a turret system comprising several rollers. This enables continuous and efficient production by minimizing downtime and maintaining the quality of the infiltration process. In particular, a cleaning system can be provided which cleans a roller that is not in operation for subsequent reuse.

[0080] According to a further preferred embodiment of the system for producing an infiltrated technical textile, the heating station and / or the secondary heating station has a heating section with at least two areas. The following applies in particular to the heating section:

[0081] - A change is provided between vertical and horizontal guidance of the textile surface structure by the heating station and / or by the secondary heating station between the two areas, preferably from first the vertical guidance to then the horizontal guidance; and / or

[0082] - Between the two sections of the heating path, there is an interruption in the heating path without heating the textile fabric. It is also conceivable to alternate between vertical and horizontal guidance without a heating station or section of heating path being located in the preceding section. For example, infiltration can take place in a vertical section, but no drying can yet occur in a heating station; then there is a transition to a horizontal section in which the heating station is located and at least partial drying takes place.

[0083] It is also conceivable that the system has a continuous vertical orientation, or, as may be preferred for larger industrial scales, a continuous horizontal orientation. Particularly in the case of a horizontal orientation, a previously described interruption of the heating section is also possible, but this interruption is not mandatory. For example, the heating section can be divided in such a way that, after infiltration and before final (at least partial) drying, the textile fabric is initially only partially dried on its underside, and then, with its underside at least partially dried, is fed into the further heating section of the heating station to undergo final (at least partial) drying.This can have the advantage that in the climate chamber of the second area of ​​the heating section, the textile surface structure (or the corresponding composite with a carrier material), which is already at least partially dried on its underside, no longer has any wet ceramic infiltration medium on its underside, so that any support rollers of the heating section, on which the medium is guided through the heating section, no longer become contaminated with the wet infiltration medium on the underside.

[0084] According to a preferred embodiment of the plant for the production of an infiltrated technical textile, the heating station and / or the secondary heating station comprises the following:

[0085] - at least one infrared drying device, and / or

[0086] - at least one hot air dryer, and / or

[0087] - at least one microwave drying device.

[0088] This offers a variety of drying options that can be selected according to the specific requirements of the material and the production process to achieve optimal results. According to a further preferred embodiment of the system for producing an infiltrated technical textile, the system includes a carrier material feed station. This station is designed to feed a carrier material onto which the textile fabric is laid and to bond the carrier material to the textile fabric, so that the textile fabric, together with the carrier material, can be fed to the finishing station and prepared there as an infiltrated technical textile for use in subsequent industrial applications. Preferably, the carrier material feed station is arranged upstream of the finishing station in the feed direction of the textile fabric.In principle, the carrier material feed station can be positioned downstream of the infiltration station in the feed direction of the textile fabric, for example, downstream of the heating station and / or downstream of the secondary infiltration station, and / or between a vertical guide and a horizontal guide of the textile fabric through the heating station or the secondary heating station. The use of carrier material provides additional stability and functionality to the manufactured technical textile, thus expanding its application possibilities in various industrial settings. The carrier material feed station can also be positioned upstream of the heating station. In this case, the composite material, consisting of the added carrier material and the previously infiltrated textile fabric, can be at least partially dried together in the downstream heating station.

[0089] In principle, it is preferred if the carrier material feed station is already arranged in front of or integrated into the infiltration station in the feed direction of the textile fabric, so that the carrier material is also infiltrated using the infiltration station.

[0090] According to a particular embodiment, the carrier material feed station can be arranged upstream of the infiltration station in the feed direction of the textile fabric, or the carrier material feed station can be integrated into the infiltration station in the feed direction of the textile fabric and set up together with the infiltration station. In both cases, a moistening station can preferably be additionally arranged to moisten the carrier material such that the carrier material is moistened before infiltration with the ceramic infiltration medium. It has been found, particularly with regard to fabrics used as carrier materials, preferably glass fiber fabrics, that moistening is especially advantageous in order to achieve the best possible infiltration with the ceramic infiltration medium.

[0091] According to a further particular embodiment, the humidification station can be arranged such that the carrier material is fed to the humidification station in a state already bonded to the textile fabric and is moistened there as a composite material. This moist composite material can then be subjected to infiltration. Alternatively, only the carrier material (e.g., woven fabric) can be moistened first, and then a bond with the textile fabric (e.g., nonwoven fabric) can be formed, which bond can then be subjected to infiltration (or which bond is formed during infiltration from the dry textile fabric, e.g., nonwoven fabric, and the moistened carrier material, e.g., woven fabric).

[0092] According to a further embodiment of the system, the textile fabric can first be infiltrated, then bonded to the carrier material, preferably in the form of a woven fabric, without being at least partially dried or at least without being thoroughly dried as defined in the present application, and subsequently the carrier material together with the previously wet, infiltrated textile fabric is fed to the heating station or at least to the heating station responsible for the final at least partial drying before the finishing station. In this case, it is advantageous to also dispense with an additional adhesive or...Additional slurry as a bonding agent between the carrier material and the already infiltrated textile surface structure can be omitted, since the wet textile surface structure, in the sense of not yet being completely dry, bonds sufficiently well with the (dry) carrier material due to its wet state and high moisture content.

[0093] According to a preferred embodiment of the system for producing an infiltrated technical textile, the system includes a laminating roller for bonding the carrier material to the textile fabric. This ensures a strong and durable bond between the carrier material and the textile fabric, which increases the mechanical strength and durability of the final product.

[0094] According to a further preferred embodiment of the system for producing an infiltrated technical textile, the laminating roller is arranged during the transition from a vertical guide to a horizontal guide for the textile fabric. Preferably, a deflection roller for redirecting the textile fabric from the vertical guide to the horizontal guide is arranged in such a way that the laminating roller and the deflection roller together effect the bonding of the carrier material to the textile fabric. This enables an efficient and precise bonding of the carrier material to the textile fabric, which reduces production time and costs while simultaneously improving the quality and consistency of the final product. Furthermore, the installation space required for the system is optimized.

[0095] The proposed infiltrated technical textile, which is preferably produced by a previously described proposed method (according to any one of claims 1 to 16) and / or in a previously described proposed plant (according to any one of claims 17 to 24), comprises a textile fabric and a ceramic infiltration medium. The textile fabric is surrounded by the ceramic infiltration medium and is prepared in an unfired green state for use in subsequent industrial applications. It is wound onto a roll as infiltrated roll stock or cut to size as infiltrated mat stock. This enables efficient and cost-effective production and storage of the material, as the unfired green state is maintained, which reduces energy consumption and facilitates further processing.The infiltrated technical textile offers high flexibility and adaptability for various industrial applications, particularly in fire protection, where it can be used as a reliable and effective material to prevent damage from thermal events. The option to supply the material as both rolls and mats increases its versatility and facilitates handling and integration into various production processes.

[0096] A particularly preferred embodiment of the infiltrated technical textile comprises a carrier material, preferably in the form of a woven fabric, preferably comprising glass fibers, and an infiltrated textile structure bonded to the carrier material, particularly in the form of a nonwoven fabric, preferably multilayered, preferably comprising glass fibers. The carrier material can also be infiltrated with the ceramic infiltration medium. Preferably, the underside of the carrier material is pre-dried, at least partially, during the manufacturing process to improve further processing, especially for better unwinding onto rollers. Advantageously, the resulting dry underside of the infiltrated technical textile can ensure improved processability in subsequent processes.This also enables improved formability, for example in applications as fire protection elements, such as integration into a cover for vehicle battery applications.

[0097] The proposed method for manufacturing a fire protection element to prevent damage from thermal runaway of at least one battery element comprises the step of integrating at least one blank of an infiltrated technical textile, preferably produced by a previously described proposed method (according to any one of claims 1 to 16), comprising a textile fabric and a ceramic infiltration medium, into a casing structure in an unfired green state, wherein the casing structure is designed to protectively surround the at least one battery element. This provides an effective manufacturing method and thus an effective solution for increasing the safety and reliability of battery elements by providing an additional protective layer against thermal events.The process enables the production of high-quality fire protection elements that can be used in critical applications such as the battery industry, thus contributing to the safety and reliability of these applications. The use of the unfired green state of the infiltrated technical textile reduces production costs and energy consumption, improving the environmental friendliness and economic viability of the process.

[0098] According to a preferred embodiment of the method for manufacturing a fire protection element to prevent damage from thermal runaway of at least one battery element, the cladding structure is a cover for the at least one battery element. Preferably, the at least one battery element is an electric vehicle battery element. This makes the method an effective solution for increasing the safety and reliability of battery elements in electric vehicles. Furthermore, the use of the infiltrated technical textile as a cover offers a flexible and adaptable solution that can be easily integrated into existing battery housings.

[0099] According to a further preferred embodiment of the method for manufacturing a fire protection element for preventing damage in the event of thermal runaway of at least one battery cell, the infiltrated technical textile is a previously described proposed infiltrated technical textile (according to claim 25). The infiltrated technical textile, which exists in an unfired green state and is wound onto a roll as infiltrated roll stock or cut to size as infiltrated mat stock, offers high flexibility and adaptability for the manufacture of fire protection elements. This enables efficient production and storage of the material, as the unfired green state is maintained, which reduces energy consumption and facilitates further processing.The use of this material in the casing structure of a battery element offers an effective solution for increasing the safety and reliability of battery elements by providing an additional protective layer against thermal events.

[0100] In principle, energy-efficient production of a thermal protection element is ensured, as a structure is efficiently provided in a continuously operable production process which, although the ceramic infiltration medium is not fired in an energy-intensive manner, offers sufficient protection, since the ceramic components only sinter through in the event of damage, if at all, and otherwise the basic textile structure of the textile surface, possibly supplemented by a carrier material, also offers processing functionality as well as a certain protective effect.

[0101] According to a further independent aspect of the invention, a corresponding fire protection element is proposed, designed to prevent damage in the event of thermal runaway of at least one battery element. The proposed fire protection element comprises at least one section of an infiltrated technical textile, preferably as described above (according to claim 25), comprising a textile fabric and a ceramic infiltration medium, wherein the at least one section is arranged in an unfired green state within a casing structure to protectively surround the at least one battery element. This provides an effective solution for increasing the safety and reliability of battery elements by providing an additional protective layer against thermal events.The unfired green state of the infiltrated technical textile reduces production costs and energy consumption, thus improving the environmental friendliness and economic viability of the fire protection element. Integrating the cut material into the casing structure enables a flexible and adaptable solution that can be easily integrated into existing battery housings. Preferably, the infiltrated technical textile of the fire protection element comprises at least one woven fabric and at least one nonwoven fabric. The woven fabric is, in particular, the carrier material. The nonwoven fabric is preferably infiltrated with a ceramic infiltration medium. The nonwoven fabric is preferably bonded to the woven fabric by means of the infiltrated ceramic infiltration medium. The carrier material can also be infiltrated with the ceramic infiltration medium.Preferably, the underside of the carrier material is at least partially dried during the manufacturing process, which offers advantages in further processing, particularly due to better rolling on support rollers.

[0102] According to a preferred embodiment of the fire protection element, the casing structure is a cover for the at least one battery element, and preferably the at least one battery element is an electric vehicle battery element. This provides an additional protective layer that effectively deflects thermal events and thus increases the safety of the battery elements and the entire vehicle. Furthermore, the use of the infiltrated technical textile as a cover offers a flexible and adaptable solution that can be easily integrated into existing battery housings. This is particularly important for electric vehicles, as the batteries can develop high thermal stress in the event of damage, making reliable damage and fire protection essential.

[0103] According to a further preferred embodiment of the fire protection element, the fire protection element is manufactured by a previously described proposed method (according to claim 26), and / or the infiltrated technical textile is manufactured by a previously described proposed method (according to any one of claims 1 to 16) and / or in a previously described proposed apparatus (according to any one of claims 17 to 25), and / or the infiltrated technical textile is a previously described proposed infiltrated technical textile (according to claim 25). This ensures that the fire protection element and the infiltrated technical textile are of high quality and reliability, which increases the safety and efficiency of the fire protection element.

[0104] Further advantageous and preferred embodiments will become apparent from the following description with reference to the figures. The drawing, which merely depicts exemplary embodiments, shows:

[0105] Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a schematically illustrated system for producing an infiltrated technical textile from a textile fabric and a ceramic infiltration medium;

[0106] Fig. 2 shows an excerpt of another embodiment of a schematically illustrated plant for the production of an infiltrated technical textile, with a focus on the infiltration station;

[0107] Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of a schematically illustrated system for producing an infiltrated technical textile from a textile fabric and a ceramic infiltration medium;

[0108] Fig. 4 shows an excerpt of a further embodiment of a schematically illustrated plant for the production of an infiltrated technical textile, with a focus on the second heating station;

[0109] Fig. 5 shows an excerpt of a further embodiment of a schematically illustrated plant for the production of an infiltrated technical textile, focusing on the feeding station and infiltration station; and

[0110] Fig. 6 shows another embodiment of a schematically illustrated system for producing an infiltrated technical textile from a textile fabric and a ceramic infiltration medium, also comprising a carrier material. Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a proposed system 1 for producing an infiltrated technical textile 2 from a textile fabric 3 and a ceramic infiltration medium 4 in a continuous process. The system comprises a feed station 5, which provides the textile fabric 3 as the starting material 5a and continuously feeds it out. The textile fabric 3 is fed in a continuous motion to an infiltration station 6, which is arranged downstream of the feed station 5 in the feed direction of the textile fabric 3 and infiltrates the textile fabric 3 with ceramic infiltration medium 4.Downstream of the infiltration station 6 is a heating station 7, which at least partially dries the textile fabric 3. Finally, the textile fabric 3 is fed to a finishing station 9, which provides the textile fabric 3 as an infiltrated technical textile 2 for use in subsequent industrial applications. This configuration ensures a uniform and continuous supply of material, which increases the efficiency and consistency of the production process.

[0111] The infiltration station 6 has a foulard 11, which comprises two rollers 12 forming an adjustable gap. The specific infiltration quantity, i.e., the amount of ceramic infiltration medium to be formed as a ceramic matrix, can be set via this adjustable gap. With such horizontally adjacent rollers 12, one can also speak of a gusset formed by the rollers 12, which provides the ceramic infiltration medium 4 for infiltration by means of gusset infiltration. The adjustable gap is also set depending on the thickness of the textile fabric 3 and / or the number of layers or webs of the textile fabric 3. In this example, it is set to 0.5 mm. In the embodiments with the textile fabric 3 as a multi-layered material, as indicated in Fig. 5, the gap is typically set larger.

[0112] Alternatively, in an embodiment not shown, a non-horizontal foulard or a hybrid form can also be used to create or supplement the infiltration station 6. As indicated in Fig. 5, trough infiltration can also be carried out instead of or in addition to wedge infiltration. Likewise, in alternative embodiments not shown, it is conceivable to use a doctor blade technique to perform the infiltration with ceramic infiltration medium 4.

[0113] The ceramic infiltration medium 4 is water-based and, in addition to an aluminosilicate with aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) and / or silicon dioxide (SiC), or, for example, mullite, as its basic ceramic component, also contains further additives to ensure processability and to achieve desired properties. The ceramic infiltration medium 4 can also be referred to as a slurry, and therefore, with regard to system 1 and the arrangement of the slurry in the gusset or in alternative reservoirs for the application of the textile structure 3, one can speak of a slurry bath.

[0114] The supply or provision of the ceramic infiltration medium 4, which is generally shown as a dotted line, is not shown in Fig. 1, but is indicated in Fig. 2, which schematically depicts an excerpt of an infiltration station 6. Ceramic infiltration medium 4 can be continuously supplied from a reservoir 10 to the infiltration station 6 or the foulard 11, or the slurry bath can be regularly replenished.

[0115] The water-based ceramic infiltration medium 4 is thus brought into contact with the textile fabric 3, which can be, for example, a glass fleece or a glass fabric, in the infiltration station 6. The rollers 11 of the foulard 12 ensure that the ceramic infiltration medium 4 is deeply introduced into the textile fabric 3.

[0116] In the subsequent heating station 7, the textile fabric 3, which has been previously infiltrated with the ceramic infiltration medium 4 and is in a wet state, is passed through a climate chamber 8. The climate chamber 8 provides a uniformly heated atmosphere, in the present embodiment by means of the infrared drying device 8a. The ceramic infiltration medium 4 is thoroughly dried in the heating station 7, which in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 is the only heating station 7 of the process in the system 1, but is not fired or sintered.The term "through-drying" is used here and generally within the meaning of the present application because the material present after the drying process, i.e., the manufactured technical textile 2, no longer changes its basis weight under stable ambient conditions, in contrast to the case where the material were still moist and further evaporation under stable ambient conditions would lead to a decrease in basis weight. In the exemplary embodiment, the set drying temperature is below 100 °C. Alternative embodiments, not shown, for achieving this partial drying use hot air dryers and / or microwave drying devices. The use of combined drying techniques is also conceivable. The climate chamber 8 also has exhaust air ducts 8b on its upper side.

[0117] In principle, the textile surface structure 3 in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 is guided vertically from top to bottom through the heating station 7. Therefore, one can also speak of vertical guiding or vertical drying or a vertical dryer.

[0118] As an alternative to the system 1 shown in Fig. 1, system 1 can also be configured in a completely vertical design according to a further embodiment not shown, or it can have a completely horizontal orientation. In particular, the horizontal orientation, in which the material, i.e., the textile fabric 3, runs horizontally through the manufacturing process and not, as shown in Fig. 1, first vertically and then only partially horizontally, may be preferable for larger production quantities.

[0119] In the illustrated embodiment according to Fig. 1, the vertical guide is then deflected into a horizontal guide downstream of the heating section 14 provided by the heating station 7 or the climate chamber 8, viewed in the production direction or feed direction of the textile fabric 3. For this purpose, a deflecting roller 28 is arranged downstream of the climate chamber 8, deflecting the textile fabric 3 from a vertical to a horizontal orientation. Furthermore, at least one, and in this case two, horizontal support roller(s) are arranged downstream of the deflecting roller 28. These support rollers 29 guide the textile fabric 3 with the partially dried ceramic infiltration medium 4, or in other words, the textile fabric 3 with the ceramic matrix, horizontally. The support rollers 29 are Teflon rollers with a Teflon surface.The depicted change from a vertical to a horizontal guide is not strictly necessary. A system 1 as mentioned is also conceivable, which is oriented only vertically or only horizontally, or alternatively, a change from a horizontal to a vertical guide, or even several changes during the manufacturing process.

[0120] In the present embodiment according to Fig. 1, the assembly station 9 is arranged at the end of the system 1. Here, the manufactured infiltrated technical textile 2 is wound into a coil 40 and is therefore available as infiltrated roll material, which can be used in subsequent industrial applications for the production of further intermediate or end products, in particular as a fire protection element for a vehicle battery. Alternatively, according to an embodiment not shown, final assembly into so-called infiltrated mat material is also possible, whereby the manufactured infiltrated technical textile then consists of cut pieces in the form of mats, also called "sheets" or "panels," which are subsequently cut to size and conveyed away in the assembly station.

[0121] Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of the system 1, which additionally comprises a second infiltration station 20, which is arranged downstream of the infiltration station 6 in the feed direction of the textile fabric 3 and infiltrates the textile fabric 3 again with ceramic infiltration medium 4. Downstream of the second infiltration station 20, a second heating station 30 is also arranged, which at least partially dries the textile fabric 3, which has now been infiltrated again with ceramic infiltration medium and is therefore once more in a wet state, or, in the sense of the present application, dries it completely, since the second heating station 30 is the final heating station upstream of the finishing station 9.This configuration enables double infiltration and drying of the textile fabric 3, which further improves the mechanical and thermal properties of the final product and offers greater flexibility and adaptability of the production process.

[0122] In particular, the parameters of the first infiltration and second infiltration, as well as, if applicable, the first drying and second drying, can be chosen differently to achieve a desired result in the manufactured infiltrated technical textile 2.

[0123] In principle, reference can also be made to the preceding description regarding individual features. Technically identical or similar components of Annex 1 have the same reference symbols.

[0124] The various sections of plant 1 are also marked in Fig. 3, this time to the right or above plant 1, viewed in the production direction: the feed station 5, the (first) infiltration station 6, the (first) heating station 7, the second infiltration station 20, the second heating station 30, which extends over both a vertical and a horizontal section, i.e., whose heating section 14 is divided into a first area 14a of the heating section and a second area 14b of the heating section, with an interruption 15 of the heating section arranged in between, and the packaging station 9.

[0125] The second heating station 30 is thus formed partly by the first vertically oriented climate chamber 8 and partly by the subsequent horizontally oriented climate chamber 8. In order to differentiate the various heating stations, a new heating station, i.e., in this case the second heating station 30, is always referred to as such as the second heating station as soon as a new infiltration, in this case realized by the second infiltration station 20, has taken place.

[0126] According to another embodiment not shown, the system 1 could also look like the one shown in Fig. 3, but without the second infiltration station 20. In that case, by definition, there would only be one heating station, which would be divided into the vertically oriented climate chamber and the horizontally oriented climate chamber with the intermediate break in the area where the textile surface transitions from vertical to horizontal orientation.

[0127] The horizontally oriented climate chamber 8 has an outlet opening 31 on its upper side to discharge the warm, moist drying air. In principle, for example, in system 1 according to Fig. 3, drying can be carried out such that the textile fabric 3 is only partially dried after the secondary infiltration 20 in the first section 14a of the heating section of the secondary heating station 30, so that the textile fabric 3 is still relatively moist or even wet when it is deflected by the deflection roller 28. The deflection into the horizontal section of the process can then be carried out more easily. The final drying of the textile fabric 3, according to the requirements for the manufactured infiltrated technical textile 2, can then take place in the second section 14b of the heating section of the secondary heating station 30.

[0128] In a deviation from the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, according to a further embodiment not shown in Annex 1, the first area 14a of the heating section of the second heating station 30 can also be omitted.

[0129] In a deviation from the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, according to a further embodiment not shown in Annex 1, the heating station 7, characterized by the heating section 14, can also be omitted, and a so-called "wet-on-wet infiltration" can be carried out within the secondary infiltration 20, since the textile fabric 3 infiltrated in the infiltration station 6 is then fed to the secondary infiltration station 20 completely undried, not even pre-dried. Following the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the secondary heating station 30, located downstream of the secondary infiltration station 20, would then be referred to as the (single) heating station 7, in which the drying of the (doubly) infiltrated textile fabric 3 to form the technical textile 2 would then take place, as described in the present application.

[0130] As mentioned above, it is also conceivable in the other, not shown, embodiments to forgo a division into a vertical and horizontal orientation and to design the entire system 1 vertically or horizontally.

[0131] Fig. 4 shows an excerpt of a further embodiment of a proposed system 1, the excerpt focusing on the area of ​​the interruption 15 of the heating section or the area of ​​transition between the still visible final vertical guide of the textile fabric 3 (with the climate chamber 8) and the horizontal guide (realized via the deflection roller 28 and the subsequent support rollers 29, not shown). The preceding and subsequent components of the system 1 can be designed as shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 3, or alternatively as described above.

[0132] Fig. 4 shows, in addition to the embodiments already described, a carrier material feed station 25, which additionally feeds a carrier material 26, in this case in the form of a glass fiber fabric, into the manufacturing process. The carrier material 26 is bonded to the textile fabric 3 using a laminating roller 27. The textile fabric 3, together with the carrier material 26, is then, analogous to the preceding embodiments, optionally fed to a horizontal drying station and finally to the finishing station 9, where it is prepared together as an infiltrated technical textile 2 for use in subsequent industrial applications.

[0133] The carrier material feed station 25 is arranged in the feed direction of the textile fabric 3 upstream of the finishing station 9, downstream of the infiltration station 6, and downstream of the heating station 7. However, it is also conceivable to completely dispense with drying before feeding the carrier material 26 and to bond the carrier material 26 with the textile fabric 3, which is fed in a wet state.

[0134] The laminating roller 27 is arranged during the change from vertical to horizontal guidance of the textile fabric 3 and is arranged to interact with the deflecting roller 28 in such a way that the laminating roller 27 and the deflecting roller 28 together effect the connection of the carrier material 26 with the textile fabric 3.

[0135] The present system also provides, though this is only optional, for a laminating-gluing unit 27a to add additional adhesive to strengthen the bond between the substrate material 26 and the textile surface structure 3 (which already contains a ceramic infiltration medium 4, usually partially dried but still containing residual moisture). A suitable adhesive (indicated by dots in Fig. 4) can be used, or more ceramic infiltration medium can be added to this point in the system and used as an adhesive. Alternatively, the textile surface structure 3 can have a very high residual moisture content or may even not be pre-dried at all.The ceramic infiltration medium 4 is not dried but is present in a wet state, so that additional adhesive 27a or additional ceramic infiltration medium can be dispensed with, since the not yet (partially) dried ceramic infiltration medium 4 in the textile structure 3 is sufficient to form a sufficient bond with the carrier material 26. It is particularly preferred if the carrier material 26 is supplied dry, for example in the form of a woven fabric, and the ceramic infiltration medium 4, which has already infiltrated the textile structure 3, penetrates the carrier material 26 to bond the layers or textile plies.

[0136] The carrier material 26 increases the versatility of the application possibilities of the manufactured infiltrated technical textile 2, which, in addition to the starting material 5a in the form of the textile fabric 3 – optionally multi-layered, as indicated in Fig. 5 – then comprises both the ceramic infiltration medium 4 and the carrier material 26. The stability of the manufactured technical textile 2 for further processing, but also within the framework of the proposed manufacturing process of the infiltrated technical textile 2 itself, within the assembly station 9 or even just during the horizontal guidance of the textile fabric 3, can be significantly improved by the carrier material 26.

[0137] Although in Fig. 4 a certain distance is shown between the textile surface structure 3, the carrier material 26 and the dotted adhesive in between for the sake of clarity, in reality an intimate bond between the layers may exist.

[0138] Fig. 5 shows a further excerpt of another embodiment of a proposed system 1, the excerpt focusing on the area of ​​the feed station 5 and the (first) infiltration station 6. The preceding and subsequent components of system 1 can, in principle, be designed as shown in Fig. 1 or in Fig. 3 or Fig. 4, or alternatively as described above.

[0139] The difference in the system 1 indicated in Fig. 5 is that the textile fabric 3 is provided as a multi-layered material and, in the specific case, the three layers 3a, 3b and 3c of the multi-layered material of the textile fabric, which are in particular layers of glass fleece or glass fabric, are brought together in the infiltration station 6 during infiltration with the ceramic infiltration medium 4 to form a common textile fabric.

[0140] Although in Fig. 5 a certain distance between the individual layers 3a, 3b, 3c or webs of the textile surface structure 3 is shown for the sake of clarity, in reality an intimate bond between the layers 3a, 3b, 3c may exist.

[0141] Alternatively, according to an embodiment not shown, the textile fabric 3 could be provided as a multilayer material by infiltrating several layers 3a, 3b, 3c of the multilayer material of the textile fabric 3 separately in adjacent application units of the infiltration station 6 with ceramic infiltration medium 4, and the several layers of the multilayer material of the textile fabric only being brought together to form a common textile fabric after the infiltration station 6. Thus, the feed station 5 could be configured analogously to Fig. 5, but the infiltration station 6 could be divided into three parallel foulards 12, each of which separately infiltrates a single layer 3a, 3b, or 3c, respectively.

[0142] In such a design, the multiple layers 3a, 3b, 3c of the multilayered material of the textile surface structure 3 could then also be infiltrated with different types or modifications of ceramic infiltration medium 4.

[0143] It is also conceivable to allow a single layer 3a, 3b, or 3c to pass through a (first) infiltration station alone, and only later to add further layers to the process, connecting them to the initially infiltrated layer and, if necessary, infiltrating them together again. Various combinations of the individual stations or units of the proposed system 1 are possible.

[0144] Within the framework of the proposed and described facilities 1, the rollers 12 of the foulards 11 can have a thermoplastic material, in particular thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC), at least on their outer surfaces, or may even consist of a thermoplastic material, in particular thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

[0145] Furthermore, the systems 1 can have a so-called turret system comprising several rollers 12, wherein at least one roller 12 of the foulard 11 is designed to be interchangeable with a new roller 12. This enables continuous and efficient production by minimizing downtime and maintaining the quality of the infiltration process. In particular, a cleaning system can be provided which cleans a roller that is not in operation for subsequent reuse.

[0146] The proposed method for producing an infiltrated technical textile 2 from a textile fabric 3 and a ceramic infiltration medium 4 is a continuous process and can be implemented using one of the embodiments shown in Annex 1. It comprises at least the following four steps: a) The textile fabric 3, as the starting material 5a, is continuously fed from a feed station 5 and conveyed in a continuous motion to an infiltration station 6. b) In the infiltration station 6, the textile fabric 3 is infiltrated with the ceramic infiltration medium 4. c) The textile fabric 3 is then fed to a heating station 7 and at least partially dried there. d) Finally, the textile fabric 3 is fed to a finishing station 9 and made available as an infiltrated technical textile 2 for use in subsequent industrial applications.

[0147] The focus is primarily on nonwovens or woven fabrics, and in particular on glass nonwovens or glass woven fabrics, as textile surface structures 3.

[0148] One embodiment of the manufacturing process uses multilayer material as a textile fabric 3, wherein several layers 3a, 3b, 3c of the multilayer material of the textile fabric 3 are combined to form a common textile fabric before the infiltration station 6, or in the infiltration station 6 (see also Fig. 5) during infiltration with the ceramic infiltration medium 4 to form a common textile fabric. According to one embodiment of the manufacturing process, the textile fabric 3 is fed to a second infiltration station 20 after the first heating station 7 and before the finishing station 9. In the second infiltration station 20, the textile fabric 3 is again infiltrated with ceramic infiltration medium 4. Subsequently, the textile fabric 3 is fed to a second heating station 30 and at least partially dried there.

[0149] According to the embodiment of the manufacturing process, the textile surface structure 3 is infiltrated in the infiltration station 6 or in the second infiltration station 20 by means of a foulard 11 with the ceramic infiltration medium 4.

[0150] One embodiment of the manufacturing process provides that the textile fabric 3 is at least partially dried such that the technical textile 2 is made available in an unfired green body state at the finishing station 9 for use in subsequent industrial applications. The textile fabric 3 is dried exclusively under conditions that do not correspond to those required for firing the ceramic infiltration medium 4. In particular, the textile fabric 3 is at least partially dried exclusively at a drying temperature below the firing temperature required for firing the ceramic infiltration medium 4 and / or exclusively for a drying duration below the firing duration required for firing the ceramic infiltration medium 4.

[0151] The described steps of the manufacturing process, and thus also the embodiments of the system 1, enable the production of high-quality infiltrated technical textiles 2 and therefore high-quality fire protection elements that can be used in critical applications such as the battery industry. This contributes to the safety and reliability of these fire protection applications. The use of the unfired green state of the infiltrated technical textile 2 reduces production costs and energy consumption, which improves the environmental friendliness and economic efficiency of the process. A particularly preferred embodiment of a manufactured infiltrated technical textile 2, and thus a special embodiment of the manufacturing process, provides that glass fleece is used in combination with glass fabric as a textile structure 3, either in a single layer or in multiple layers.A suitable ceramic infiltration medium 4 is one containing the ceramic component of an aluminosilicate. It has proven particularly advantageous to first infiltrate glass fleece and then bond the glass fabric as a carrier material to the wet, infiltrated glass fleece. According to a further advantageous embodiment, good results are obtained with multiple infiltrations. In a first step, the glass fleece(s), optionally after prior light moistening, can be infiltrated. The infiltrated fleece is then slightly pre-dried to allow for a second infiltration of ceramic infiltration medium 4. After a first infiltration and initial drying, the glass fleece is then infiltrated again.Pre-drying ensures that the gaps and depressions in the glass fleece are thoroughly filled with the ceramic matrix, resulting in a closed surface. The wet glass fleece is then bonded to a dry glass fabric substrate, either undried or partially dried. The resulting textile structure is then thoroughly dried together and transferred to the finishing station. A particular advantage of the glass fabric, compared to glass fleece alone as the textile structure and thus the substrate for the ceramic matrix, is its higher tensile strength. This allows the fabric to better absorb deformations, such as those resulting from impacts during use as a fire protection element for a vehicle battery. Therefore, such an infiltrated glass fabric, or even a fabric made of a different material, represents an advantageous fire protection product.According to the described particular embodiment, it is therefore preferred that the textile fabric 3 comprises at least one layer of nonwoven fabric and at least one layer of woven fabric. The one or preferably at least two layers of nonwoven fabric are infiltrated with ceramic infiltration medium 4 using one of the described manufacturing processes, without passing through a heating station. The nonwoven layer(s) are then bonded to a layer of uninfiltrated, dry (glass) woven fabric, and subsequently at least partially dried together and fed to the finishing station. According to a further advantageous embodiment, the infiltrated technical textile can also consist solely of the described advantageous woven fabrics, in particular glass fabrics.It is then proposed that glass fabric be used as a textile surface structure 3, either in a single layer or in multiple layers. It has been found that good results are obtained with multiple infiltrations. In a first step, the glass fabric(s), optionally after prior light moistening, can be infiltrated, preferably using hard rollers 12, which introduce or "roll" the infiltration medium 4 into the fabric. The infiltrated fabric is then lightly pre-dried to allow for a second infiltration with a further introduction of ceramic infiltration medium 4. After the first infiltration and initial drying, the gaps and depressions in the glass fabric or between the individual rovings are thoroughly filled with the ceramic matrix to create a closed surface.A particular advantage of glass fabric, for example, compared to glass fleece as a textile surface structure 3 and thus a carrier for the ceramic matrix, is that the fabric has a higher tensile strength than the fleece, so that deformations, for example resulting from ballistic impacts during its use as a fire protection element for a vehicle battery, can be absorbed better. Such an infiltrated glass fabric, or even a fabric made of a different material, therefore represents an advantageous fire protection product.

[0152] Another embodiment and thus another possibility of integrating a fabric, in particular glass fabric, or alternatively a different carrier material 26 into the infiltrated technical textile 2 to be produced is shown in Fig. 6.

[0153] Fig. 6 shows a system 1, which is similarly constructed to the systems 1 in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3: After an initial feed station 5, there is an infiltration station.

[0154] 6 arranged, whereupon the heating station 7 is arranged, which heating station

[0155] 7 now in Fig. 6 extends to the two areas in the form of the first area 14a and the second area 14b of the heating section 14. The first area 14a is arranged vertically, while the second area 14b is arranged horizontally, and a deflection via the deflecting roller 28 takes place between them, with an interruption 15 of the heating section 14.

[0156] However, according to another embodiment not shown, analogous to Fig. 6, it would also be possible to arrange the entire system approximately vertically or preferably horizontally and to form only one horizontal heating section 14 or heating station 7, either divided between the two areas 14a and 14b or only in one area.

[0157] In the embodiment according to Fig. 6 (or an analogous embodiment), a carrier material feed station 25 is also provided, similar to the one already discussed in the context of Fig. 4. This carrier material feed station 25 additionally feeds a carrier material 26, in this case in the form of a glass fiber fabric, into the manufacturing process. Unlike in Fig. 4, however, the carrier material feed station 25 is part of the feed station 5, so that the carrier material 26 is already connected to the textile fabric 3 for the first infiltration within the infiltration station 6. The textile fabric 3 together with the carrier material 26 is then processed analogously to Fig. 1 or 3.The material is carried through the manufacturing process with infiltration and drying, as described in the preceding embodiments, and finally fed to the assembly station 9, where it is jointly provided as an infiltrated technical textile 2 for use in subsequent industrial applications.

[0158] A further special feature of the embodiment according to Fig. 6 is that the carrier material 26 is moistened before infiltration in the infiltration station 6 by being fed to the humidification station 25 and moistened there via the nozzle assembly 25a. The carrier material 26 then emerges from the humidification station 25 as moistened carrier material 26' and, according to Fig. 6, is only then bonded to the textile structure 3 and also infiltrated with ceramic infiltration medium 4. According to another embodiment not shown, analogous to Fig. 6, it would also be possible to moisten the textile structure 3 and the carrier material 26 together in the humidification station 25 and then feed them together, moistened, to the infiltration station 6.In any case, it has been shown that the desired introduction of ceramic infiltration medium 4 into the carrier material 26, preferably in the form of a fabric, preferably glass fiber fabric, can be optimized if the carrier material 25 is moistened before being fed to the infiltration station 6.

[0159] In the first climate chamber 8, as shown in Fig. 6, in the first section 14a of the heating section 14, the infiltrated material composite consisting of carrier material 16 and textile surface structure 3 begins to dry. This drying process occurs on both sides. This has the advantage that, provided sufficient drying has occurred, neither wet ceramic infiltration medium 4 adheres to the deflecting roller 28 nor to the subsequent support rollers 29. Such adhesion would undesirably and detrimentally increase the consumption of the ceramic infiltration medium 4, and would also lead to increased soiling of other system components, such as the deflecting roller 28 and support rollers 29, requiring more frequent cleaning and maintenance.

[0160] In the embodiment shown in Fig. 6, the carrier material 26 in the material composite with the textile surface structure 3 is also infiltrated with the ceramic infiltration medium 4. This applies to both sides of the carrier material 25 or the material composite, including the underside (when viewed during passage through the system 1, particularly with regard to the at least final horizontal section of the system 1). Advantageously, this resulting underside of the infiltrated technical textile 2 is sufficiently dried even before the second section 14b of the heating section 14, in which the material composite is guided horizontally on the support rollers 29. For this reason, especially in a system designed analogously to Fig.6, however, in a completely horizontal orientation, thus also without the need for the specific deflection roller 28 shown, that before the second section 14b of the heating section 14 with the guiding support rollers 29 carrying the material composite, the material composite consisting of the infiltrated carrier material 26 with textile surface structure 3 is only actively dried or partially dried on its underside. Thus, for example, only pre-drying from below could take place within a preceding section of the heating section 14, before the proposed final partial drying before the finishing station 9 then takes place only in the subsequent section of the heating section 14 which has the support rollers 29 for guidance. Instead of infiltration as shown in Fig. 6 using the foulard 11 or the rollers 12, a further application orThe infiltration into the textile fabric and the carrier material 26, as previously mentioned, is carried out using a squeegee technique. Likewise, instead of the final winding into a coil 40 of infiltrated roll material of the infiltrated technical textile 2, it is conceivable that the processing station 9 cuts the infiltrated technical textile 2 into individual sheets or mats.

[0161] Reference symbol list

[0162] 1 Annex

[0163] 2 Infiltrated technical textile

[0164] 3 Textile surface structure

[0165] 3a, 3b, 3c Layers (of the textile fabric as a multi-layered material)

[0166] 4 Ceramic infiltration medium

[0167] 5 Feeding station

[0168] 5a Starting material

[0169] 6 Infiltration stations

[0170] 7 Heating station

[0171] 8 Climate chamber

[0172] 8a Infrared drying device

[0173] 8b Exhaust air duct

[0174] 9 Assembly station

[0175] 10 Reservoir

[0176] 11 Scarves

[0177] 12 Roller (of the scarf)

[0178] 14 Heating section

[0179] 14a first section of the heating section

[0180] 14b second section of the heating section

[0181] 15 Interruption of the heating section

[0182] 20 Second infiltration station

[0183] 25 Carrier material feeding station

[0184] 25' humidification station

[0185] 25a Nozzle assembly

[0186] 26 Carrier material

[0187] 26' moistened carrier material

[0188] 27 Laminating roller

[0189] 27a Laminating and gluing unit

[0190] 28 Deflection roller

[0191] 29 Carrying roller

[0192] 30 Secondary heating station

[0193] 31 Outlet opening

[0194] 40 Coil

Claims

Patent claims 1. A process for producing an infiltrated technical textile (2) from a textile fabric (3) and a ceramic infiltration medium (4) in a continuous process comprising at least the following steps: a) the textile fabric (3) is continuously fed from a feed station (5) as starting material (5a) and continuously fed to an infiltration station (6), b) the textile fabric (3) is infiltrated with the ceramic infiltration medium (4) in the infiltration station (6), c) the textile fabric (3) is fed to a heating station (7) and at least partially dried in the heating station (7), d) the textile fabric (3) is fed to a finishing station (9) and made available as an infiltrated technical textile (2) in the finishing station (9) for use in subsequent industrial applications.

2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the textile fabric (3) comprises a nonwoven fabric or nonwovens as the starting material (5a) or consists of a nonwoven fabric or nonwovens, or the textile fabric (3) comprises a woven fabric or several woven fabrics as the starting material (5a) or consists of a woven fabric or woven fabrics.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the textile fabric (3) comprises as starting material (5a) inorganic, and preferably mineral and / or non-metallic, fibers, in particular glass fibers, or consists of inorganic, and preferably mineral and / or non-metallic, fibers, in particular glass fibers.

4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the textile fabric (3) consists of non-ceramic fibers as the starting material (5a).

5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ceramic infiltration medium (4) is provided in the infiltration station (6) as a mixture comprising a ceramic, in particular oxide ceramic, basic component and at least one additive.

6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the textile fabric (3) is provided as a multilayer material and several layers (3a, 3b, 3c) of the multilayer material of the textile fabric (3), in particular two or three layers (3a, 3b, 3c) of nonwoven and / or woven fabric, are brought together before the infiltration station (6) to form a common textile fabric (3) or in the infiltration station (6) during infiltration with the ceramic infiltration medium (4) to form a common textile fabric (3).

7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the textile fabric (3) is provided as a multilayer material and several layers (3a, 3b, 3c) of the multilayer material of the textile fabric (3), in particular two or three layers (3a, 3b, 3c) of nonwoven and / or woven fabric, are each separately infiltrated with ceramic infiltration medium (4) in adjacent application units of the infiltration station (6) and the several layers (3a, 3b, 3c) of the multilayer material of the textile fabric (3) are only brought together to form a common textile fabric (3) after the infiltration station (6), wherein, preferably, the several layers (3a, 3b, 3c) of the multilayer material of the textile fabric (3) are infiltrated with at least two different types or modifications of ceramic infiltration medium (4).

8. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the textile fabric (3) after step b), in particular after step c), and before step d) a second infiltration station (20), which second infiltration station (20) is arranged downstream of the infiltration station (6) in the feed direction of the textile fabric (3) and in which second- In the infiltration station (20), the textile fabric (3) is infiltrated with ceramic infiltration medium (4), wherein, in particular, the textile fabric (3) is fed to a second heating station (30), which second heating station (30) is arranged in the feed direction of the textile fabric (3) behind the second infiltration station (20) and in which second heating station (30) the textile fabric (3) is at least partially dried.

9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in the infiltration station (6) and / or in the second infiltration station (20) the textile surface structure (3) is infiltrated with the ceramic infiltration medium (4) by means of a foulard (11).

10. Method according to claim 9, wherein at least one roller of the foulard (11) is replaced by a new roller after a period of infiltration of the textile surface structure (3) with ceramic infiltration medium (4), preferably via a revolver system comprising several rollers.

11. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a heating section of the heating station (7) in step c) and / or a heating section of the secondary heating station (30) is / are divided into two areas (14a, 14b), wherein: - in particular, a change between a vertical guide and a horizontal guide of the textile surface structure (3) by the heating station (7) and / or by the secondary heating station (30) takes place between the two areas (14a, 14b), preferably from first the vertical guide to then the horizontal guide; and / or - in particular, the heating of the textile surface structure (3) is interrupted between the two areas (14a, 14b) of the heating section.

12. Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein before step d), a carrier material (26) is supplied for the support of the textile fabric (3) and is connected with the textile fabric (3), wherein according to step d), the textile fabric (3) together with the carrier material (26) is supplied to the assembly station (9) and is made available there together as an infiltrated technical textile (2) for use in subsequent industrial applications.

13. Method according to claim 12, wherein the carrier material (26) is supplied before or in the infiltration station (6), and the carrier material (26) is connected to the textile fabric (3) before infiltration according to step b) or simultaneously with infiltration according to step b), wherein, preferably, the carrier material (26) is supplied to a humidification station (25') for humidifying the carrier material (26) before infiltration according to step b).

14. Method according to claim 13, wherein the carrier material (26) is supplied to the humidification station (25') in a state already connected with the textile surface structure (3) and is moistened there as a material composite.

15. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the textile fabric (3) is at least partially dried such that the technical textile (2) is provided in an unfired green body state in the finishing station (9) for use in subsequent industrial applications.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the textile fabric (3) is at least partially dried exclusively under conditions that do not correspond to the conditions required for firing the ceramic infiltration medium (4), in particular, wherein the textile fabric (3) is dried exclusively at a drying temperature below a firing temperature required for firing the ceramic infiltration medium (4) and / or exclusively for a drying duration below a firing duration required for firing of the ceramic infiltration medium (4) required firing time is at least partially dried.

17. Plant (1) for the production of an infiltrated technical textile (2) from a textile fabric (3) and a ceramic infiltration medium (4) in a continuous process with: - a feed station (5) which is set up to provide the textile fabric (3) as starting material (5a) and to continuously feed it out, as well as to feed it in a continuous movement to an infiltration station (6), - the infiltration station (6), which is arranged and set up in the feed direction of the textile fabric (3) behind the feed station (5) to infiltrate the textile fabric (3) with ceramic infiltration medium (4), - a heating station (7) which is arranged and configured in the feed direction of the textile fabric (3) behind the infiltration station (6) to at least partially dry the textile fabric (3), as well as - a finishing station (9) which is arranged and set up in the feed direction of the textile fabric (3) behind the heating station (7) to provide the textile fabric (3) as an infiltrated technical textile (2) for use in subsequent industrial applications.

18. System (1) according to claim 17, wherein the system (1) comprises at least one reservoir (10) comprising the ceramic infiltration medium (4), which in particular comprises an aluminosilicate and / or aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and / or silicon oxide (SiOz).

19. Annex (1) according to claim 17 or 18, comprising: - a second infiltration station (20), which is arranged and set up in the feed direction of the textile fabric (3) behind the infiltration station (6), to infiltrate the textile fabric (3) with to infiltrate ceramic infiltration medium (4), and preferably, - with a second heating station (30) which is arranged and set up in the feed direction of the textile fabric (3) behind the second infiltration station (20) to at least partially dry the textile fabric (3).

20. System (1) according to one of claims 17 to 19, wherein the infiltration station (6) and / or in the second infiltration station (20) comprises a foulard (11) for infiltrating the textile surface structure (3) with ceramic infiltration medium (4).

21. Plant (1) according to one of claims 17 to 20, wherein the heating station (7) and / or the secondary heating station (30) has a heating section (14) with at least two areas (14a, 14b), wherein: - in particular, a change between a vertical guide and a horizontal guide of the textile surface structure (3) by the heating station (7) and / or by the secondary heating station (20) between the two areas (14a, 14b) is provided, preferably from first the vertical guide to then the horizontal guide; and / or - in particular, an interruption (15) of the heating section (14) is arranged between the two areas (14a, 14b) of the heating section (14) without heating the textile surface structure (3).

22. Plant (1) according to one of claims 17 to 21, comprising a carrier material feed station (25) which is configured for feeding a carrier material (26) for the application of the textile fabric (3) and for bonding the carrier material (26) to the textile fabric (3), such that the textile fabric (3) together with the carrier material (26) can be fed to the assembly station (9) and made available there together as an infiltrated technical textile (2) for use in subsequent industrial applications, wherein, preferably, the carrier material feed station (25) is arranged in The feed direction of the textile fabric (3) is arranged in front of the assembly station (9).

23. System (1) according to claim 22, wherein the carrier material feed station (25) is arranged in the feed direction of the textile fabric (3) upstream of the infiltration station (6) or is integrated into the infiltration station (6) and is set up together with the infiltration station (6), wherein, preferably, a moistening station (25') for moistening the carrier material (26) is additionally arranged such that the carrier material (26) is moistened before infiltration with the ceramic infiltration medium (4).

24. System (1) according to claim 23, wherein the humidification station (25') is arranged such that the carrier material (26) is supplied to the humidification station (25') in a state already connected with the textile surface structure (3) and is moistened there as a material composite.

25. Infiltrated technical textile (2), preferably produced by a method according to one of claims 1 to 16 and / or in a plant (1) according to one of claims 17 to 24, comprising a textile fabric (3) and a ceramic infiltration medium (4), wherein the textile fabric (3) is surrounded with the ceramic infiltration medium (4) and is prepared in an unfired green state for use in subsequent industrial applications and is wound onto a roll as infiltrated rolled goods or cut to size as infiltrated mat goods.

26. Method for producing a fire protection element to prevent damage in the event of thermal runaway of at least one battery element, wherein at least one blank made of an infiltrated technical textile (2), preferably produced by a method according to one of claims 1 to 16, comprising a textile surface structure (3) and a ceramic infiltration medium (4), is integrated into a casing structure in an unfired green body state, wherein the casing structure is designed to protectively surround at least one battery element.

27. Method according to claim 26, wherein the infiltrated technical textile (2) is an infiltrated technical textile (2) according to claim 25.

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