Pest deterrent compositions and related methods

Abstract

Pest deterrent compositions are provided that at least one keratin protein isolated from human hair and at least one carrier. The pest deterrent compositions provide an environmentally friendly and biodegradable alternative to traditional chemicals and biologicals. The pest deterrent compositions are suitable for preventing damage to or consumption of crops by pests.

Description

Atty Docket No.94011-426948 PEST DETERRENT COMPOSITIONS AND RELATED METHODS BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0001] Deer predation in the United States has significant ecological and economic impacts. While deer are preyed upon by natural predators such as wolves and cougars, human activities have altered predator populations, leading to deer overpopulation in many regions. This has resulted in damage to forests and crops, increased vehicle collisions, and spread of diseases like Lyme disease. To manage deer populations, states often implement hunting seasons and other conservation strategies to maintain balance in ecosystems and reduce negative impacts on human activities. Nevertheless, alternative and sustainable solutions are needed for not only deer, but all pests. SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0002] The present disclosure is directed to pest deterrent compositions that have the ability to replace traditional chemicals and deliver and all-natural and sustainable alternative without sacrificing results typically associated with traditional chemicals. The pest deterrent compositions provided herein include at least one keratin protein from human hair, and at least one carrier. The pest deterrent compositions provided herein may optionally include moringa, keratin from feather, feather meal, or a combination thereof. Thus, pest deterrent compositions provided herein are derived from sustainable components and, thus, provides an easy, fast and cost-efficient solutions to mitigate pest predation while also increasing agricultural production. The pest deterrent compositions are useful in a variety of settings including home gardening as well as large or small scale farms (i.e., traditional agriculture).

[0003] According to one aspect, a pest deterrent composition is provided that includes at least one keratin protein from a human (or feather), in turn, includes nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus. According to one embodiment, the carrier includes water.

[0004] According to one aspect, a pest deterrent composition is provided that includes from about 0.5% v / v to about 50.0% v / v of the at least one keratin protein isolated from human hair, wherein the weight percentages are based on the total volume of the pest deterrent composition. The remainder of the pest deterrent composition includes at least one carrier. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent composition may optionally include from about 0.5% v / v to about 5.0% v / v moringa, mint, keratin protein from feather, or feather meal.Atty Docket No.94011-426948

[0005] According to one aspect, a pest deterrent composition is provided that includes from about 0.5% v / v to about 50.0% v / v of the at least one keratin protein slurry prepared from at least one human hair; and the remainder at least one carrier, wherein the weight percentages are based on the total volume of the pest deterrent composition. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent composition may optionally include from about 0.5% v / v to about 5.0% v / v moringa, mint, or feather meal.

[0006] According to another aspect, a pest deterrent device is provided that includes a pest deterrent composition as provided herein as well as a multi-function horticultural device. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent composition included in the pest deterrent device includes at least one keratin protein from human hair, moringa, and at least one carrier. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent composition included in the pest deterrent device includes at least one animal feather, at least one keratin protein from human hair, moringa, and at least one carrier. The multi-function horticultural device includes a plurality of individual natural fibers intertwined such that the multi-function horticultural device has a density from generally about 0.02 to generally about 3 grams of the individual natural fibers per cubic inch, wherein the multi-function horticultural device is capable of holding and retaining from generally about 0.02 to generally about 15 grams of pest deterrent composition per cubic inch. According to one embodiment, the multi-function horticultural device includes at least one natural fiber from the group including human hair, animal hair, coconut fiber, seaweed, kelp, cotton, corn silk and peat moss. According to one embodiment, the multi-function horticultural device further includes a plurality of man-made fibers.

[0007] According to one aspect, a method for mitigating or otherwise preventing pest predation is provided. The method includes the step of applying the pest deterrent composition as provided herein to a surface of the plant, surrounding soil, turf, seed, or a combination thereof. The pest deterrent composition may also be applied along the perimeter of a crop range or field to prevent entry of pests. According to one embodiment, the method further includes the step of introducing a multi-function horticultural device to the surrounding soil that has the pest deterrent composition applied thereto, the multi-function horticultural device comprising a plurality of individual natural fibers intertwined such that the multi-function horticultural device has a density from generally about 0.02 to generally about 3 grams of the individual natural fibers per cubic inch, wherein the multi-function horticultural device is capable of holding and retaining from generally about 0.02 to generally about 15 grams of pest deterrent composition per cubic inch.Atty Docket No.94011-426948

[0008] The summary of the disclosure is provided as a general introduction to some of the embodiments of the disclosure and is not intended to be limiting. Additional example embodiments including variations and alternative configurations of the disclosure are provided herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0009] One or more aspects and embodiments may be incorporated in a different embodiment although not specifically described. That is, all aspects and embodiments can be combined in any way or combination. When referring to the compounds disclosed herein, the following terms have the following meanings unless indicated otherwise. The following definitions are meant to clarify, but not limit, the terms defined. If a particular term used herein is not specifically defined, such term should not be considered indefinite. Rather, terms are used within their accepted meanings.

[0010] The use of "a" or "an" are employed to describe elements and components described herein. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the scope of the disclosure. This description should be read to include one or at least one and the singular also includes the plural unless it is obvious that it is meant otherwise.

[0011] As used herein, “predation” generally refers to the act of one organism (predator) hunting, killing, and consuming another organism such as crops or other plants as a source of food. Predation can occur in various forms across different species and ecosystems, influencing population dynamics and community structure including damage to crops, forests or other agricultural areas.

[0012] As used herein, the terms “agriculture” and “agricultural” refer to the science, art, business or practice of farming and cultivation (both large and small scales) and further refers to horticulture which, in turn, includes the science, art, business or practice of growing plants used by people for various purposes included food, medicine or hobby (yard or ornamental plants).

[0013] As used herein, the term “pest” refers to generally refers to any organism (usually an animal) that is considered detrimental or harmful to humans, their interests, or their activities. Pests can cause damage to crops, buildings, livestock, forests, and other resources, leading to economic losses and sometimes posing health risks. Common examples of pests include mammals such as deer, rabbit, raccoon, or opossum; insects such as mosquitoes and agricultural pests, and rodents such as rats and mice which compete with humans for crop resources. The methods and compositions herein seek to mitigate pest impact.Atty Docket No.94011-426948

[0014] As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having" or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0015] The term “effective amount,” as used herein, means an amount of a pest deterrent composition sufficient to attain the intended result.

[0016] As used herein, the term “feather” and “birth feather” refer to the actual flat appendage growing from avian (bird) skin (i.e., epidermal growth) and forming the bird’s plumage. The feather may include a partly hollow shaft with vanes and barbs. The feathers provided herein may be harvested from any bird such as, for example, a chicken, duck, swan, goose, parrot, owl, stork, heron, crane woodpecker, flamingo, eagle, turkey, or pigeon. The feathers may be obtained as poultry feather waste from a variety of sources including slaughterhouses.

[0017] As used herein, the term “keratin protein(s)” as used herein collectively refers to one or more of: naturally occurring keratin, reduced keratin, oxidized keratin, S-sulfonated keratin, or a combination thereof that is each extracted from, derived from or otherwise isolated from at least one bird feather, human hair or a combination thereof. This term also refers to the extracted keratin protein derivatives that are produced by oxidative and / or reductive treatment of a keratin protein source. Types of keratin proteins, include but not limited to keratose, alpha-keratose, beta-keratose, gamma-keratose, kerateines, alpha- kerateine, beta-kerateine, or gamma-kerateine. Soluble keratin proteins can be extracted from keratin protein sources by oxidation or reduction using methods known in the art. If an oxidative treatment is used, the resulting keratin proteins are referred to as “keratoses.” If a reductive treatment is used, the resulting keratin proteins are referred to as “kerateines.”

[0018] The term “moringa” refers to moringa oleifera and includes moringa leaf extract derived from seeds, leaves, or a combination thereof. The moringa may be referred to as a drumstick tree, horseradish tree or ben oil tree.

[0019] “Optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not. Overview

[0020] Pest deterrent compositions are provided that include at least one keratin protein derived from human hair, at least one bird feather, or a combination thereof. The keratinAtty Docket No.94011-426948 protein may be extracted from at least one feather or human hair and may provide one or more nutrients or key elements for plants including, but not limited to, nitrogen, potassium, iron and phosphorus.

[0021] According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions provided herein may include at least one keratin protein derived from human hair. The keratin protein may be extracted from human hair may provide one or more nutrients or key elements for plants including, but not limited to, nitrogen, potassium, iron and phosphorus.

[0022] According to another embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions provided herein may include at least one keratin protein that is not separately extracted or otherwise removed from the feather. That is, according to such an embodiment, an entire bird feather may be utilized and otherwise processed for inclusion in the pest deterrent compositions such that the bird feather provides one or more nutrients or key elements for plants including, but not limited to, nitrogen, potassium, iron and phosphorus.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions provided herein may optionally include moringa, feather meal, or a combination thereof.

[0024] According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions provided herein include at least one carrier. The carrier includes any biodegradable liquid that aids in the flowable or liquid nature of the final formulation and delivery of the same.

[0025] According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions provided herein include, consist essentially of, or consists of at least one keratin protein from human hair, and at least one carrier. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions provided herein include, consist essentially of, or consist of at least one keratin protein from at least one animal feather, at least one keratin protein from human hair, and at least one carrier.

[0026] The pest deterrent compositions of the present disclosure provide an environmentally friendly and biodegradable alternative to traditional chemicals and biologicals. The pest deterrent compositions contribute to increasing plant height and biomass, increasing plant, leaf, increasing stem and root weight, and increasing crop or plant yield compared to application of traditional chemicals or plant growth regulators. Keratin Proteins

[0027] The pest deterrent compositions provided herein may include at least one keratin protein derived from at least one feather, human hair, or a combination thereof. The keratin protein is extracted from, derived from or otherwise isolated from at least one bird feather, human hair, or a combination thereof. According to one embodiment, the keratin proteinAtty Docket No.94011-426948 from the feather and human hair is alpha-keratose, beta-keratose, gamma-keratose, alpha- kerateine, beta kerateine, gamma-kerateine, or a combination thereof. According to one embodiment, the keratin proteins as provided herein are substantially or completely soluble in water.

[0028] According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions provided herein include at least one beta keratin protein derived from at least one feather, human hair, or a combination thereof. Alpha keratin proteins includes the keratin protein that is a large, spring-shaped protein. The alpha keratin protein may vary in peak average molecular weight (Mp) but typically falls in a range of from about 60 Da to about 6.2 MDa.

[0029] According to one embodiment, the keratin protein includes one or more elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, chlorine, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, or nickel.

[0030] According to one embodiment, the keratin protein derived from at least one feather or human hair includes at least about 0.01% w / w nitrogen based on the total weight of the feather or human hair. According to one embodiment, the keratin protein derived from at least one feather or human hair includes at least about 0.10% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 1.0 % w / w / , 1.5% w / w, 2.0 % w / w, 2.5% w / w, 5% w / w or more nitrogen. According to one embodiment, the keratin protein derived from at least one feather or human hair includes at least about 0.5% w / w to about 5.0% w / w nitrogen. According to one embodiment, the keratin protein derived from at least one feather or human hair includes at least about 5000 mg / L nitrogen based on the total volume of keratin protein (e.g., protein slurry). According to one embodiment, the keratin protein derived from at least one feather or human hair includes at least about 10000 mg / L, 15000 mg / L, 20000, mg / L or more nitrogen.

[0031] According to one embodiment, the keratin protein derived from at least one feather or human hair includes at least about 10 ppm phosphorus. According to one embodiment, the keratin protein derived from at least one feather or human hair includes at least about 20 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm or more phosphorus. According to one embodiment, the keratin protein derived from at least one feather or human hair includes at least about 1.0 mg / L phosphorus. According to one embodiment, the keratin protein derived from at least one feather or human hair includes at least about 5 mg / L, 10 mg / L, 15 mg / L, 25 mg / L, 35 mg / L or more phosphorus based on the total volume of keratin protein (e.g., protein slurry).

[0032] According to one embodiment, the keratin protein derived from at least one feather or human hair includes at least about 0.01% w / w potassium. According to one embodiment,Atty Docket No.94011-426948 the keratin protein derived from at least one feather or human hair includes at least about 1000 ppm potassium. According to one embodiment, the keratin protein derived from at least one feather or human hair includes at least about 5000 ppm, 10000 ppm, 15000 ppm, 20000 ppm, 25000 ppm, 30000 ppm, 35000 ppm or more potassium. Moringa

[0033] Pest deterrent compositions are provided that may optionally include moringa. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent composition includes at least about 0.1% w / w moringa based on the total weight of the pest deterrent composition. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent composition includes up to about 0.5% w / w, 1.0 % w / w, 1.5 % w / w, 2% w / w / , 3% w / w, 4% w / w, 5.0 % w / w, 10% w / w, 15% w / w, 20% w / w, 25% w / w, 30% w / w, 35% w / w, 40% w / w, 45% w / w, 50% w / w, 55% w / w, 60% w / w, 65% w / w, 70% w / w, 75% w / w, 80% w / w, 85% w / w, 90% w / w 95.0% w / w or more of the moringa.

[0034] According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent composition includes at least about 0.1% v / v of moringa based on the total volume of the pest deterrent composition. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent composition includes up to about 1% v / v, 1.5% v / v, 2% v / v, 3% v / v, 4% v / v, 5% v / v or more of moringa. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent composition includes about 0.5% v / v to about 2.5% v / v of moringa. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent composition includes about 1.0% v / v to about 2.0% v / v of moringa.

[0035] According to one embodiment, the moringa provided herein includes nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon and other agriculturally acceptable nutrients in an effective amount. According to one embodiment, the moringa includes up to about 0.01% w / w nitrogen based on the total weight of the moringa. According to one embodiment, the moringa includes up to about 0.075% w / w nitrogen. According to one embodiment, the moringa includes up to about 0.05% w / w nitrogen. According to one embodiment, the moringa includes up to about 0.10% w / w nitrogen.

[0036] According to one embodiment, the moringa includes at least about 250 mg / L nitrogen based on total volume of the moringa (e.g., in a slurry). According to one embodiment, the moringa includes up to about 100 ppm, 150 ppm 200 ppm or more phosphorus. According to one embodiment, the moringa includes at least about 100 mg / L, 125 mg / L, or more phosphorus based on the total volume of the moringa. According to one embodiment, the moringa includes about 5000 mg / L potassium. According to one embodiment, the moringa includes about 2000 ppm potassium.Atty Docket No.94011-426948 Carrier and Additional Components

[0037] According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions as provided herein include at least one carrier. The carrier includes any biodegradable liquid that aids in the flowable or liquid nature of the final formulation and delivery of the at least one keratin protein to a target destination. According to a particular embodiment, the carrier includes water. The water may be subject to reverse osmosis or deionized prior to use in the pest deterrent compositions as a carrier.

[0038] According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions as provided herein may further include at least one additional component as provided herein. Particularly suitable additional components include, but are not limited to, any biodegradable compound that aids in the function of the keratin protein, provides nutrients, or stimulates microbial action in an agricultural setting. Suitable additional components include beneficial and biodegradable nutrients or microbes. Other suitable additional components include mint, citric acid, potassium hydroxide, cocodimethylamine, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (commercially available as Tween™ 21), at least one emulsifier compound, at least one antifoaming compound, at least one antimicrobial agent, at least one buffer, at least one corrosion inhibitor, at least one dispersing agent, at least one dye, at least one fragrant, at least one freezing point depressant, at least one neutralizing agent, at least one odorant, at least one penetration aid, at least one sequestering agent, at least one spray drift control agent, at least one spreading agent, at least one stabilizer, at least one sticking agent, at least one viscosity-modifying additive, at least one preservative, at least one plasticizer, at least one hydrophobic barrier, at least one UV protectant, at least one water soluble solvent, or any combination thereof. Pest deterrent compositions

[0039] The percentage weight (% w / w) of at least one keratin protein in the pest deterrent compositions derived from at least one feather, human hair, or a combination thereof may vary and is based on the total weight of the pest deterrent composition. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent composition includes at least about 0.1% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 12.5% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, 20.0% w / w, 21.0% w / w, 22.0% w / w, 23.0% w / w, 24.0% w / w, 25.0% w / w, 30.0% w / w, 40.0% w / w, 50.0% w / w or more of at least one keratin protein derived from at least one feather, human hair, or a combination thereof.Atty Docket No.94011-426948

[0040] The percentage volume (% v / v) of at least one keratin protein in the pest deterrent compositions derived from at least one feather, human hair, or a combination thereof may vary and is based on the total volume of the pest deterrent composition. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent composition includes at least about 0.5% v / v to about 50.0% v / v of at least one keratin protein derived from at least one feather, human hair, or a combination thereof. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent composition includes at least about 0.5% v / v to about 40.0% v / v of at least one keratin protein derived from at least one feather, human hair, or a combination thereof. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent composition includes at least about 0.75% v / v to about 25% v / v of at least one keratin protein derived from at least one feather, human hair, or a combination thereof. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent composition includes at least about 0.1% v / v, 0.5% v / v, 1.0% v / v, 2.0% v / v, 3.0% v / v, 4.0% v / v, 5.0% v / v, 6.0% v / v, 7.0% v / v, 8.0% v / v, 9.0% v / v, 10.0% v / v, 11.0% v / v, 12.0% v / v, 12.5% v / v, 13.0% v / v, 14.0% v / v, 15.0% v / v, 16.0% v / v, 17.0% v / v, 18.0% v / v, 19.0% v / v, 20.0% v / v, 21.0% v / v, 22.0% v / v, 23.0% v / v, 24.0% v / v, 25.0% v / v, 30.0% v / v, 40.0% v / v, 50.0% v / v or more of at least one keratin protein derived from at least one feather, human hair, or a combination thereof. Pest Deterrent Composition Formulations

[0041] According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions as provided herein are formulated as a flowable composition. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions as provided herein are formulated as a liquid. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions as provided herein are formulated as a slurry.

[0042] According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions as provided herein are formulated as ready-to-use formulation. The ready-to-use formulation may be immediately used as described herein without any mixing or dilution. The ready-to-use formulation may include the percentage volumes of keratin protein as provided herein with the remainder a suitable carrier such as water. According to a particular embodiment, the ready-to-use formulation includes a pest deterrent composition that includes from about 6.5% v / v to about 25.0% v / v of at least one keratin protein derived from at least one human hair, and the remainder a suitable carrier such as water. The ready-to-use formulation may be stored in a delivery device such as a spray bottle until use. The ready-to-use formulation is particularly suitable for indoor or decorative plants and trees as well as outdoor individual plants and trees.

[0043] According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions as provided herein are formulated as an concentrate. The concentrate formulation may include a feather-basedAtty Docket No.94011-426948 keratin protein slurry, a human hair-based keratin protein slurry and moringa. The concentrate formulation may be mixed with or otherwise diluted with water, spray oil, or a combination thereof at the time of use.

[0044] According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions as provided herein may also be formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate formulation, aqueous suspension concentrate (suspension concentrate), emulsion in water formulation, oil dispersion, or concentrated aqueous solution.

[0045] According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions provided herein may be mixed with, soaked / introduced in or otherwise used in conjunction with a multi-function horticultural device to form a pest deterrent device as described herein. Methods of Production

[0046] A method of producing a pest deterrent composition is provided. According to one embodiment, the method includes the step of providing a keratin protein source including at least one bird feather, human hair, or a combination thereof. According to one embodiment, the method includes the step of washing the keratin protein source. The step of washing may include applying water to the keratin protein source. The water may be provided via reverse osmosis or may be deionized water. The ratio of keratin source to water is about 5 parts keratin source (e.g., feather or human hair) to 95 parts water. The step of washing may include agitating the keratin source in the presence of water.

[0047] For a keratin source derived from at least one feather, the method of producing a pest deterrent composition includes the step of extracting or lifting the keratin source cuticle thereby enabling release of one or more keratin proteins.

[0048] The step of extracting or lifting the keratin protein from feather or hair may be accomplished by oxidation or reduction reactions of the keratin source by which the crosslinked structure of keratin source is broken down. According to one embodiment, the disulfide bonds in cysteine amino acid residues are cleaved, rendering one or more keratin proteins within the keratin source soluble.

[0049] According to one embodiment, the one or more keratin proteins trapped in the feather (e.g., inside the cuticle’s protective structure of hair) and hair may be released by oxidatively reacting a denaturing solution with the keratin protein source to form an acid mixture. Suitable denaturing solutions include urea, transition metal hydroxides, surfactant solutions, and combinations thereof. Common methods utilize aqueous solutions of tris base (2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol) in concentrations between 0.1 and 1.0 M, and urea solutions between 0.1 and 10M. According to one embodiment, the denaturingAtty Docket No.94011-426948 solution may be peracetic acid that is present at a concentration of from about 0.1M to about 0.15M.

[0050] According to one embodiment, the method of producing a pest deterrent composition includes the step of heating the acid mixture to about 40°C to 45°C to form a heated acid mixture. According to one embodiment, the method of producing a pest deterrent composition includes the step of incubating the heated acid mixture for about 15 hours to about 18 hours to form an incubated acid mixture. According to one embodiment, the method of producing a pest deterrent composition includes the step of removing the peracetic acid from the incubated acid mixture to form an oxidized keratin source based slurry. The peracetic acid may be removed by rinsing the keratin source slurry with water.

[0051] According to one embodiment, the method of producing a pest deterrent composition includes the step of treating the oxidized keratin source with 0.1M-0.15M tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane to form a disassociated keratin protein. According to one embodiment, the method of producing a pest deterrent composition includes the step of incubating the disassociated keratin protein at about 40°C to 45°C for about 2 hours to about 4 hours to form a keratin protein slurry. According to one embodiment, the method of producing a pest deterrent composition includes the step of introducing moringa to the keratin slurry described herein. According to one embodiment, the method of producing a pest deterrent composition includes the step of mixing water and, optionally, moringa with the keratin protein slurry to form a pest deterrent composition.

[0052] According to another embodiment, the method of producing a pest deterrent composition includes one or more steps to prepare a feather meal. The feather meal may be formed by hydrolyzing one or more feathers under elevated heat and pressure. According to one embodiment, the step of hydrolyzing may include heating (e.g., via steam) one or more bird feathers at 90°C to 180°C for at least about five hours under elevated pressure of 200 kPa to about 400 kPa. According to one embodiment, the step of hydrolyzing may include acid hydrolysis via hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid. According to one embodiment, the step of hydrolyzing may include alkaline hydrolysis via sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide or calcium hydroxide. According to one embodiment, the step of hydrolyzing may include digesting the one or more feathers in one or more enzymes or bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus endophyticus, fungal keratinase, alkaline protease, or a combination thereof. According to one embodiment, the method of producing a pest deterrent composition includes the step of mixing water with the feather meal to form a pest deterrent composition.Atty Docket No.94011-426948 Methods of Application

[0053] According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions provided herein may be applied to plant soil. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions provided herein may be applied below the soil surface or on top of the soil surface. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions provided herein may be mixed with a growth medium such as top soil or potting soil. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions provided herein may be applied around the perimeter of a crop range or field to prevent or deter pest entry into a crop.

[0054] According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions provided herein may be applied to an exposed plant surface. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions provided herein may be applied to a plant root. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions provided herein may be applied at or near a plant root.

[0055] According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions as provided herein may be added to a spray tank such that a stable tank mix composition is formed when the pest deterrent composition and any other additional optional ingredients, such as water or spray oil, are combined in the spray tank. The tank mix composition may be applied directly to a target plant or pest. The tank mix pest deterrent composition is particularly suited for direct application to at least one crop plant, the surrounding soil, turf, seed, or a combination thereof. According to one embodiment, the tank mix pest deterrent compositions as provided herein may be applied via a sprayer attached to a tank.

[0056] According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions as provided herein may be applied via an irrigation system (chemigation). According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions as provided herein may be applied as a drench treatment. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions as provided herein may be applied as a wick system.

[0057] According to a particular embodiment, the pest deterrent composition is applied at an effective rate of typically about 1.0 quart of undiluted (no carrier) per acre. According to a particular embodiment, the pest deterrent composition is applied at an effective rate of typically about 2.0 quarts of undiluted (no carrier) per acre. According to a particular embodiment, the pest deterrent composition is applied at an effective rate of typically about 3.0 quarts of undiluted (no carrier) per acre. According to a particular embodiment, the pest deterrent composition is applied at an effective rate of typically about 1.0 gallon of undiluted (no carrier) per acre. According to a particular embodiment, the pest deterrent composition is applied at an effective rate of typically about 2.0 gallons of undiluted (no carrier) per acre. According to a particular embodiment, the pest deterrent composition is applied at anAtty Docket No.94011-426948 effective rate of typically about 3.0 gallons of undiluted (no carrier) per acre. According to a particular embodiment, the pest deterrent composition is applied at an effective rate of typically about 4.0 gallons of undiluted (no carrier) per acre. According to a particular embodiment, the pest deterrent composition is applied at an effective rate of typically about 5.0 gallons of undiluted (no carrier) per acre.

[0058] According to a particular embodiment, the pest deterrent composition is applied at an effective rate of typically about 1.0 gallon per acre to about 10.0 gallons per acre. According to a particular embodiment, the pest deterrent composition is applied at an effective rate of typically about 2.0 gallons per acre to about 9.0 gallons per acre. According to a particular embodiment, the pest deterrent composition is applied at an effective rate of typically about 3.0 gallons per acre to about 7.0 gallons per acre. According to a particular embodiment, the pest deterrent composition is applied at an effective rate of typically about 4.0 gallons per acre to about 8.0 gallons per acre.

[0059] According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions provided here may be applied at a rate of from about 0.1 milliliter per plant to about 10 milliliter per plant, per treatment when applied to a plant surface (leaves, stems, etc.). Pest deterrent device

[0060] According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions provided herein may be formulated as a liquid or flowable and mixed with, soaked / introduced in or otherwise used in conjunction with a multi-function horticultural device to form a pest deterrent device. The multi-function horticultural device includes the device as set forth in U.S. Patent No. 8,281,516, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The multi-function horticultural device includes a plurality of individual natural fibers intertwined such that the device has a density from generally about 0.02 to generally about 3 grams of individual natural fibers per cubic inch. The device is capable of holding and retaining from generally about 0.02 to generally about 15 grams of liquid or pest deterrent composition per cubic inch. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent device may be generally homogeneous.

[0061] According to one embodiment, the multi-function horticultural device portion of the pest deterrent device includes at least one natural fiber from the group including human hair, animal hair, coconut fiber, seaweed, kelp, cotton, corn silk and peat moss. According to one embodiment, the plurality of individual natural fibers are intertwined by needle punching. According to one embodiment, the multi-function horticultural device is formed into a shape from the group including a generally rectangular planar mat, a generally rectangular solid, aAtty Docket No.94011-426948 disk, and a generally circular cylinder, depending on its intended usage. According to one embodiment, the multi-function horticultural device further includes a plurality of man-made fibers. According to one embodiment, the plurality of individual natural fibers may be formed into any pre-defined three-dimensional shape, intertwined by hydro-entangling, or formed into any pre-defined three-dimensional shape such as a rectangle, disk, or circular cylinder. According to one embodiment, the accumulation of natural fibers are intertwined using aero- entanglement. According to one embodiment, the plurality of individual natural fibers may be formed into any pre-defined three-dimensional shape.

[0062] According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent device is capable of both passively and actively fertilizing a plant with which it is associated and wherein such passive fertilization is the result of the device's biodegradation and microbial action while also providing pest deterrence. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent device serves to reduce the growth and propagation of weeds in ground covered with the device. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent device serves to inhibit the activity of pests from the general area of a plant with which the device is associated. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent device serves to reduce the watering needs of a planting with which it is associated through its moisture retention capability.

[0063] According to one embodiment, a pest deterrent composition as provided herein may be applied to a soil surface, applied below a soil surface or mixed with soil surrounding a plant prior to application of the multi-function horticultural device over the soil surface containing the pest deterrent composition. According to one embodiment, the pest deterrent device may be placed at the perimeter of a crop range or field. Methods of Use

[0064] The pest deterrent compositions as provided herein are suitable for deterring pests. According to such an embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions may be introduced to a plant locus or surrounding soil after planting. Pests subject to determent include, but are not limited to, any animal that is deemed detrimental to plant health. Such pests include mammals (deer, rabbit, raccoon, squirrel, or boar / pig), reptiles, or insects.

[0065] The pest deterrent compositions as provided herein may serve simultaneously as both an active and passive fertilizer as well as a herbicide. According to such an embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions may slowly release any nutrients into the soil surrounding a plant thereby providing both active and passive fertilization to a target plant.

[0066] The pest deterrent compositions as provided herein may act as or contribute to a natural weed barrier as well as provide a means of weed control (e.g., preventing weedAtty Docket No.94011-426948 growth). According to such an embodiment, the pest deterrent compositions may be introduced to the soil surrounding a plant.

[0067] A method of deterring pests from at least one plant is provided that includes the step of applying a pest deterrent composition to a surface of the plant, surrounding soil, turf, seed, or a combination thereof, the pest deterrent composition as provided herein, wherein upon application, one or more pests are deterred. Another method of deterring pests from at least one plant is provided that includes the step of applying a pest deterrent composition to a surface of the plant, surrounding soil, turf, seed, or a combination thereof, the pest deterrent composition including at least one keratin protein isolated from human hair; and at least one carrier, wherein upon application, one or more pests are deterred.

[0068] According to one embodiment, the method further includes the step of introducing a multi-function horticultural device to the surrounding soil that includes the pest deterrent composition applied thereto, the multi-function horticultural device comprising a plurality of individual natural fibers intertwined such that the multi-function horticultural device has a density from generally about 0.02 to generally about 3 grams of the individual natural fibers per cubic inch, wherein the multi-function horticultural device is capable of holding and retaining from generally about 0.02 to generally about 15 grams of pest deterrent composition per cubic inch. According to one embodiment, upon application to the surface of a plant, the plant growth is increased by at least about 5% compared to an plant that is not subject to application of the pest deterrent composition. According to one embodiment, each of the at least one keratin protein isolated from at least one feather and at least one keratin protein isolated from human hair are formulated as a slurry. EXAMPLE 1

[0069] Pest deterrent compositions were test for their effectiveness. The field chosen for testing was adjacent to a cut over pine plantation that had bedding cover. Deer and associated deer tracks were regularly observed in the area prior to testing.

[0070] Cabbage plants were planted in two rows and spaced 18 inches apart with five foot skips between test plots which correspond to each of eight different pest deterrent compositions that where tested (see Table 1). Some compositions included mint as indicated in Table 1. The keratin protein (hair) was varied amongst the test pest deterrent compositions with the remainder including water (test plots 1-7). A final test plot was treated with Trico Deer Repellant which is commercially available.Atty Docket No.94011-426948

[0071] Three cabbage plants were left untreated as a control. A treatment comprised six spritzes of pest deterrent composition. The treatments were applied to the foliage of the cabbage within each test plot. Table 1 Test Plot Pest Deterrent Composition Keratin Protein (%v / v) Mint

[0072] he first treatment. At day 24, the Trico Deer Repellant test plot cabbage showed more severe burned foliage.

[0073] All tested pest deterrent compositions (test plots 1-7) prevented pest browsing on treated foliage of highly desirable. Even nearby untreated foliage was rarely tip browsed, apparently due to presence of nearby treated plants. There was plenty of opportunity for deer and rabbits to browse these plants as they walked by and over them, but such pests did not bend down to take a bite of the treated foliage on offer.

[0074] Over the course of the test, rain was observed, some very heavy, on a number of occasions, but this did not cause the pest deterrent compositions to wash off. While not being bound to a particular theory, the absorption of the hair proteins into the plant is believed to impact rain and moisture effectiveness. The browsing pests (e.g. rabbit and deer) seemed to be able to sense the presence of pest deterrent compositions in the plants and find the plants unpalatable as a result. The deer browsing corn plants as close as 3 to 10 feet away from the treated cabbage plants offered evidence the deer were hungry and willing to browse in that location and time.

[0075] The most telling tracks were of a young deer, a yearling doe, one morning that was shown to walk where she could sniff of the cabbage. The yearling doe walked and leaned forward on her front hooves towards the cabbage, as the tracks showed, to sniff or bite theAtty Docket No.94011-426948 cabbage. The yearling doe tracks spun to the right and she bolted full tilt, 9 feet between hoof prints into the brush and tree line nearby. The odor of the pest deterrent compositions is believed to have spooked the yearling doe. Although there was some loss of plants due to spraying in the test, such loss did not diminish the availability of many undamaged plants to be eaten. A satisfactory level of protection of browsing after application for up to 3 weeks after treatment was observed. Statements of the Disclosure

[0076] Statement 1. A pest deterrent composition comprising: (a) at least one keratin protein isolated from at least one human hair; and (b) at least one carrier.

[0077] Statement 2. The pest deterrent composition of statement 1, wherein the at least one human hair comprises a total nitrogen content of about 0.5% w / w to about 5.0% w / w.

[0078] Statement 3. The pest deterrent composition of statements 1-2, wherein the at least one keratin protein comprises from about 0.5% v / v to about 50.0% v / v of the composition, and the remainder is the at least one carrier, based on the total volume of the pest deterrent composition.

[0079] Statement 4. The pest deterrent composition of statements 1-3, further comprising at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of moringa, feather meal, mint, keratin protein isolated from feather, and combinations thereof.

[0080] Statement 5. The pest deterrent composition of statements 1-4, wherein the at least one keratin protein isolated from human hair is formulated as a slurry.

[0081] Statement 6. The pest deterrent composition of statements 1-5, wherein the carrier comprises a biodegradable liquid selected from the group consisting of water, deionized water, and reverse osmosis–treated water.

[0082] Statement 7. The pest deterrent composition of statements 1-6, wherein the carrier is present in an amount sufficient to render the composition flowable or sprayable.

[0083] Statement 8. The pest deterrent composition of statements 1-7, further comprising at least one additional biodegradable component selected from the group consisting of nutrients, microbial stimulants, or agricultural-grade biodegradable additives.

[0084] Statement 9. The pest deterrent composition of statements 1-8, wherein the at least one additional component is selected from the group consisting of mint, citric acid, potassium hydroxide, cocodimethylamine, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween™^21), an emulsifier, an antifoaming agent, an antimicrobial agent, a buffer, a corrosion inhibitor, a dispersing agent, a dye, a fragrance, a freezing-point depressant, aAtty Docket No.94011-426948 neutralizing agent, an odorant, a penetration aid, a sequestering agent, a spray-drift control agent, a spreading agent, a stabilizer, a sticking agent, a viscosity-modifying additive, a preservative, a plasticizer, a hydrophobic barrier, a UV protectant, and a water-soluble solvent.

[0085] Statement 10. The pest deterrent composition of statements 1-9, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.1% w / w to about 50.0% w / w of the at least one keratin protein based on total composition weight.

[0086] Statement 11. The pest deterrent composition of statements 1-10, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.5% v / v to about 50.0% v / v of the at least one keratin protein based on total composition volume.

[0087] Statement 12. The pest deterrent composition of statements 1-11, wherein the at least one keratin protein is derived from a source selected from the group consisting of human hair, feathers, and a combination thereof.

[0088] Statement 13. The pest deterrent composition of statements 1-12, wherein the keratin protein is present in an amount selected from the group consisting of about 0.5% v / v, 1.0% v / v, 2.0% v / v, 5.0% v / v, 10.0% v / v, 15.0% v / v, 20.0% v / v, 25.0% v / v, 30.0% v / v, 40.0% v / v, and 50.0% v / v.

[0089] Statement 14. A pest deterrent device comprising: (a) a pest deterrent composition comprising: (i) at least one keratin protein isolated from human hair; and (ii) at least one carrier; and (b) a multi-function horticultural device comprising a plurality of individual natural fibers intertwined to form a matrix having a density of about 0.02 to about 3 grams per cubic inch, wherein the horticultural device is configured to hold and retain from about 0.02 to about 15 grams of the pest deterrent composition per cubic inch.

[0090] Statement 15. The device of statement 14, wherein the individual natural fibers comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of human hair, animal hair, coconut fiber, seaweed, kelp, cotton, corn silk, and peat moss.

[0091] Statement 16. The device of statements 14-15, further comprising a plurality of man-made fibers interwoven with the natural fibers.

[0092] Statement 17. The device of statements 14-16, wherein the pest deterrent composition comprises from about 0.5% v / v to about 50.0% v / v of the at least one keratin protein, and the remainder is the at least one carrier.Atty Docket No.94011-426948

[0093] Statement 18. The device of statements 14-17, wherein the pest deterrent composition further comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of moringa, feather meal, mint, keratin protein isolated from feather, and combinations thereof.

[0094] Statement 19. The device of statements 14-18, wherein the keratin protein isolated from human hair is formulated as a slurry.

[0095] Statement 20. A method of deterring pests, comprising the step of: applying a pest deterrent composition to or around a surface selected from the group consisting of a plant, surrounding soil, turf, seed, and perimeter of a crop range, wherein the pest deterrent composition comprises: (a) at least one keratin protein isolated from human hair; and (b) at least one carrier, and wherein the composition deters at least one pest from causing crop damage or consuming a crop.

[0096] Statement 21. The method of statement 20, further comprising the step of introducing a multi-function horticultural device to the surrounding soil, the device comprising a plurality of intertwined natural fibers having a density of about 0.02 to about 3 grams per cubic inch, wherein the device is configured to retain from about 0.02 to about 15 grams of the pest deterrent composition per cubic inch.

[0097] Statement 22. The method of statements 20-21, wherein the keratin protein isolated from human hair is formulated as a slurry.

[0098] Statement 23. The pest deterrent composition of statements 1-13, wherein the pest is a mammal selected from the group consisting of deer, rabbit, raccoon, squirrel, and pig.

[0099] Statement 24. The pest deterrent device of statements 14-19, wherein the pest is a mammal selected from the group consisting of deer, rabbit, raccoon, squirrel, and pig.

[0100] Statement 25. The method of statements 20-22, wherein the pest is a mammal selected from the group consisting of deer, rabbit, raccoon, squirrel, and pig.

Claims

Atty Docket No.94011-426948 CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. A pest deterrent composition comprising: (a) at least one keratin protein isolated from at least one human hair; and (b) at least one carrier.

2. The pest deterrent composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one human hair comprises a total nitrogen content of about 0.5% w / w to about 5.0% w / w.

3. The pest deterrent composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one keratin protein comprises from about 0.5% v / v to about 50.0% v / v of the composition, and the remainder is the at least one carrier, based on the total volume of the pest deterrent composition.

4. The pest deterrent composition of claim 1, further comprising at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of moringa, feather meal, mint, keratin protein isolated from feather, and combinations thereof.

5. The pest deterrent composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one keratin protein isolated from human hair is formulated as a slurry.

6. The pest deterrent composition of claim 1, wherein the carrier comprises a biodegradable liquid selected from the group consisting of water, deionized water, and reverse osmosis– treated water.

7. The pest deterrent composition of claim 6, wherein the carrier is present in an amount sufficient to render the composition flowable or sprayable.

8. The pest deterrent composition of claim 1, further comprising at least one additional biodegradable component selected from the group consisting of nutrients, microbial stimulants, or agricultural-grade biodegradable additives.

9. The pest deterrent composition of claim 8, wherein the at least one additional component is selected from the group consisting of mint, citric acid, potassium hydroxide,Atty Docket No.94011-426948 cocodimethylamine, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween™^21), an emulsifier, an antifoaming agent, an antimicrobial agent, a buffer, a corrosion inhibitor, a dispersing agent, a dye, a fragrance, a freezing-point depressant, a neutralizing agent, an odorant, a penetration aid, a sequestering agent, a spray-drift control agent, a spreading agent, a stabilizer, a sticking agent, a viscosity-modifying additive, a preservative, a plasticizer, a hydrophobic barrier, a UV protectant, and a water-soluble solvent.

10. The pest deterrent composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.1% w / w to about 50.0% w / w of the at least one keratin protein based on total composition weight.

11. The pest deterrent composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.5% v / v to about 50.0% v / v of the at least one keratin protein based on total composition volume.

12. The pest deterrent composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one keratin protein is derived from a source selected from the group consisting of human hair, feathers, and a combination thereof.

13. The pest deterrent composition of claim 12, wherein the keratin protein is present in an amount selected from the group consisting of about 0.5% v / v, 1.0% v / v, 2.0% v / v, 5.0% v / v, 10.0% v / v, 15.0% v / v, 20.0% v / v, 25.0% v / v, 30.0% v / v, 40.0% v / v, and 50.0% v / v.

14. A pest deterrent device comprising: (a) a pest deterrent composition comprising: (i) at least one keratin protein isolated from human hair; and (ii) at least one carrier; and (b) a multi-function horticultural device comprising a plurality of individual natural fibers intertwined to form a matrix having a density of about 0.02 to about 3 grams per cubic inch, wherein the horticultural device is configured to hold and retain from about 0.02 to about 15 grams of the pest deterrent composition per cubic inch.Atty Docket No.94011-426948 15. The device of claim 14, wherein the individual natural fibers comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of human hair, animal hair, coconut fiber, seaweed, kelp, cotton, corn silk, and peat moss.

16. The device of claim 14, further comprising a plurality of man-made fibers interwoven with the natural fibers.

17. The device of claim 14, wherein the pest deterrent composition comprises from about 0.5% v / v to about 50.0% v / v of the at least one keratin protein, and the remainder is the at least one carrier.

18. The device of claim 14, wherein the pest deterrent composition further comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of moringa, feather meal, mint, keratin protein isolated from feather, and combinations thereof.

19. The device of claim 14, wherein the keratin protein isolated from human hair is formulated as a slurry.

20. A method of deterring pests, comprising the step of: applying a pest deterrent composition to or around a surface selected from the group consisting of a plant, surrounding soil, turf, seed, and perimeter of a crop range, wherein the pest deterrent composition comprises: (a) at least one keratin protein isolated from human hair; and (b) at least one carrier, wherein the composition deters at least one pest from causing crop damage or consuming a crop, and wherein the pest is a mammal selected from the group consisting of deer, rabbit, raccoon, squirrel, and pig.

21. The method of claim 20, further comprising the step of introducing a multi-function horticultural device to the surrounding soil, the device comprising a plurality of intertwined natural fibers having a density of about 0.02 to about 3 grams per cubic inch, wherein the device is configured to retain from about 0.02 to about 15 grams of the pest deterrent composition per cubic inch.Atty Docket No.94011-426948 22. The method of claim 20, wherein the keratin protein isolated from human hair is formulated as a slurry.

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