Methods for wireless power transfer, apparatus and communication system
The method for wireless power transfer addresses inefficiencies in existing technologies by supplying power to AMP STAs on demand, optimizing energy use and preventing data loss.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/104559
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-15
AI Technical Summary
Current energy harvesting technologies for ambient power-enabled Wi-Fi IoT devices assume a ubiquitous source of RF energy that is always-on or periodically transmitting, leading to waste and inefficiency.
A method for wireless power transfer that allows power to be supplied to AMP STAs on demand by using energizing waveforms triggered based on energy information exchanged between devices, optimizing energy conservation by transmitting power only when needed.
Enables efficient energy conservation by ensuring power is transmitted only when required, improving user experience and preventing loss of buffered data.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024104559_15012026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS FOR WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER, APPARATUS AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to the field of wireless power transfer (WPT) technology, and in particular, to methods for wireless power transfer, an apparatus and a communication system.BACKGROUND
[0002] Ambient Power (AMP) is an emerging technology within the IEEE 802.11 working group that is studying the support of AMP communication in IEEE 802.11 network. The goal of AMP is to address the need of ambient power-enabled Wi-Fi Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Such Wi-Fi IoT devices may be referred to as AMP IoT stations (STAs) or simply AMP station (AMP STA) . An AMP STA is designed to utilize energy harvesting technology to significantly increase the operational lifespan thereof. Radio frequency (RF) , solar, motion, heat, etc. are being considered as viable sources for energy harvesting. For effective deployment, a dedicated RF energy source may be required to supply power to the surrounding AMP STAs. The significance of AMP technology is rooted in maintenance-free, energy-efficient communication with very low carbon footprint and deployment costs.
[0003] Current energy harvesting technology assumes a ubiquitous source of RF energy that is always-on or periodically transmitting, which may cause waste of wireless energy. Therefore, it is crucial to provide a method for wireless power transfer that may supply power to AMP STAs on demand.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure provides methods for wireless power transfer, apparatuses, a communication system, a computer-readable storage medium and a computer program product, which may be used to provide energy to an AMP STA on demand with energy conservation
[0005] According to a first aspect, a method for wireless power transfer is provided. The method may be applied at a second device side, for example, an AMP AP or a module in the AMP AP, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or a system in package (SIP) chip that includes a modem core) that is responsible for a communication function in an AMP AP. For example, the method is applied to the second device. The method for wireless power transfer includes: obtaining, from at least one first device, at least one first information for indicating energy information of the at least one first device, the energy information including at least one of available energy or energy storage capacity; and triggering, based on the at least one first information, an energizing waveform to be transmitted.
[0006] Because the first device indicates its available energy and / or energy storage capacity to the second device, the second device may learn the energy state of the first device, determine the energy harvesting demand of the first device based on the energy information of the first device, so that the energizing waveform may be triggered based on the energy harvesting demand of the first device. In this case, the energizing waveform may be transmitted when it is needed and no longer transmitted when it is not needed. Therefore, power transfer may be realized on demand, so as to achieve energy conservation.
[0007] In a possible implementation, triggering, based on the at least one first information, the energizing waveform to be transmitted includes: determining whether a preset condition is met based on the at least one first information; and triggering the energizing waveform to be transmitted in a case where the preset condition is met.
[0008] In a possible implementation, the at least one first information includes an identification of the at least one first device and information for indicating the available energy of the at least one first device.
[0009] In a possible implementation, the preset condition includes: among the at least one first device, a quantity of devices in which available energy is lower than a first threshold being greater than or equal to a second threshold.
[0010] In a case where the preset condition described above is met, the second device triggers the energizing waveform to be transmitted, which means that the second device triggers the energizing waveform to be transmitted when the energy of most first devices is insufficient. If only a few of the first devices are insufficient in energy, the second device may temporarily ignore it, so as to further conserve energy.
[0011] In a possible implementation, the preset condition includes: among the at least one first device, there exists a first device with available energy lower than a third threshold.
[0012] In a case where the preset condition described above is met, the second device triggers the energizing waveform to be transmitted, which means that the second device triggers the energizing waveform to be transmitted as long as there exists a first device in which available energy is insufficient. In this way, the demand of the first devices may be met as much as possible to replenish the energy of the first devices as soon as possible to improve the user experience and avoid loss of buffered data.
[0013] In a possible implementation, triggering the energizing waveform to be transmitted includes: sending, to an energizer, second information for triggering the energizer to transmit an energizing waveform.
[0014] In a possible implementation, the second information includes at least one of: a duration of the energizing waveform, a transmission interval of the energizing waveform, an output power of the energizer, or a start time of the energizing waveform.
[0015] In a case where the second device may control, based on the second information, at least one of the duration of the energizing waveform to be transmitted by the energizer, the transmission interval of the energizing waveform, the output power of the energizer, or the start time of the energizer, the second device may determine the above information flexibly based on the received first information to realize the on-demand triggering and achieve the energy conservation.
[0016] In a possible implementation, the duration of the energizing waveform is determined based on the energy storage capacity of the at least one first device, the available energy of the at least one first device, and the output power of the energizer.
[0017] In a possible implementation, the duration of the energizing waveform is obtained by following formula: where tWPT represents the duration of the energizing waveform, represents an energy storage capacity of an i-th first device in the at least one first device, represents available energy of the i-th first device, PWPT represents the output power of the energizer, i ∈ {1, 2, …, N} , and N represents a quantity of the at least first device.
[0018] In a possible implementation, the method further includes sending third information for random access or requesting information.
[0019] According to a second aspect, a method for wireless power transfer is provided, which may be applied to an AMP STA side, for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system on an AMP STA side. The method includes: determining first information for indicating energy information of a first device, the energy information including at least one of available energy or energy storage capacity; and sending the first information.
[0020] In a possible implementation, the first information includes an identification of the first device and information for indicating the available energy of the first device.
[0021] In a possible implementation, the method further includes receiving third information for random access or requesting information, where sending the first information includes: sending the first information based on the third information.
[0022] According to a third aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus has a function of implementing the first aspect. For example, the apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the first aspect. The module, unit, or means may be implemented by using software, hardware, or software in combination with hardware.
[0023] According to a fourth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus has a function of implementing the second aspect. For example, the apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the second aspect. The module, unit, or means may be implemented by using software, hardware, or software in combination with hardware.
[0024] According to a fifth aspect, another apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the first aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions are executed, the apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect.
[0025] In a possible implementation, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0026] In a possible implementation, the interface circuit includes one or more transceivers.
[0027] The apparatus may be a terminal, a module in a terminal, or a chip responsible for a communication function in a terminal, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0028] According to a sixth aspect, another apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the second aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions are executed, the apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0029] According to a seventh aspect, a communication system is provided, and the communication system includes a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect and a second communication apparatus configured to perform the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0030] According to an eighth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-readable instructions, and when a computer reads and executes the computer-readable instructions, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect to the second aspect.
[0031] According to a ninth aspect, a computer program product storing instructions is provided. When a computer reads and executes the instructions, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect to the second aspect.
[0032] This disclosure encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0033] Reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings which show example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0034] FIG. 1 illustrates a network environment in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented;
[0035] FIG. 2 illustrates another network environment in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented;
[0036] FIG. 3 illustrates a method for wireless energy transfer in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0037] FIG. 4 illustrates another method for wireless power transfer in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0038] FIG. 5 illustrates another method for wireless energy transfer in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0039] FIG. 6 illustrates an AMP MAC frame structure in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure;
[0040] FIG. 7 illustrates a frame structure of an AMP MAC frame in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0041] FIG. 8 illustrates three variants of Frame Body field of an AMP MAC frame structure in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0042] FIG. 9 illustrates a frame structure of Frame Body field in an AMP Random Access frame in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0043] FIG. 10 illustrates a frame structure of Frame Body field in an AMP Request frame in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0044] FIG. 11 illustrates a Frame Body frame structure of an AMP Response frame in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0045] FIG. 12 illustrates a frame structure of an AMP WPT Settings frame in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0046] FIG. 13 illustrates a frame structure of an AMP WPT Settings Confirm frame in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0047] FIG. 14 illustrates a WPT frame structure in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0048] FIG. 15 illustrates a frame structure of a WPT Trigger frame in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0049] FIG. 16 illustrates a process for wireless power transfer in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0050] FIG. 17 illustrates another process for wireless power transfer in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0051] FIG. 18 illustrates a sequence diagram showing a case where an identified AMP STA does not respond to an AMP AP for a long time in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0052] FIG. 19 illustrates a sequence diagram of triggering an energizing waveform periodically or singly in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0053] FIG. 20 illustrates an example scenario where an AMP AP broadcasts WPT Settings frames;
[0054] FIG. 21 illustrates an example scenario where an AMP AP sends a unicast WPT Settings frame; and
[0055] FIGS. 22 to 24 illustrate apparatuses or systems relevant to a method for wireless power transfer in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0056] In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying figures, which form part of the present disclosure, and which show, by way of illustration, specific aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure or specific aspects in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be used. It is understood that embodiments of the present disclosure may be used in other aspects and include structural or logical changes not depicted in the figures. The following detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims.
[0057] The technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to wireless local area network (WLAN) systems, such as Wi-Fi systems. The technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a series of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 protocols, e.g., the 802.11a / b / g protocol, the 802.11n protocol, the 802.11ac protocol, the 802.11ax protocol, the 802.11be protocol, or a future generation protocol, which is not limited here. The technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure may also be applied to the wireless personal area network (WPAN) based on the millimeter wave (MMW) and ultra wideband (UWB) technologies, e.g., the 802.15.4z protocol, the 802.15.4ab protocol, etc. The technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure may also be applied to communication systems such as Internet of Things (IoT) systems, vehicle to everything (V2X, where X may represent anything) systems, device to device (D2D) systems, narrowband Internet of Things (NB IoT) systems, long term evolution (LTE) systems, the fifth generation (5G) communication system, or other communication systems in future. For example, the V2X system may include vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication, vehicle to pedestrian (V2P) communication, or vehicle to network (V2N) communication, etc.
[0058] The above describes possible scenarios or generalized description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and the motivation and technical concepts of the embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated below.
[0059] In order to facilitate the understanding of the solutions of the present disclosure, some terms mentioned in the present disclosure are first introduced below.
[0060] 1. Ambient Power Access Point (AMP AP)
[0061] An AMP AP may be an AP that may transmit and receive AMP Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) and communicate with AMP STAs. The AMP AP may also trigger the AMP random access procedure, and trigger or send out an energizing waveform. An AMP AP may be, for example, an AMP relay, an AMP energizer, an AMP AP integrated with an AMP energizer, or a smartphone with AMP capabilities, etc.
[0062] 2. Energizer
[0063] An energizer may be a separate physical entity capable of transmitting an energizing waveform for a specified duration and interval, to the AMP STAs, or a logical entity that exists as part of the AMP AP.
[0064] 3. AMP STA
[0065] An AMP STA may be a station that supports AMP protocols. An AMP STA may be, for example, a tag, a smartphone, a laptop, an IoT sensor, etc.
[0066] 4. Identified AMP STA
[0067] An identified AMP STA may be an AMP STA that has an initial frame exchange with the AMP AP, indicating its STA ID and energy storage capacity. Such an AMP STA may also be individually addressed by a unicast frame from the AMP AP.
[0068] 5. Random Access Session
[0069] A random access session may be initiated by an initiator transmitting node, which may be, for example, the aforementioned AMP AP, or AMP STA that may be the transmission opportunity (TXOP) holder. The session may start from the transmission of a poll frame and last for one or more transmission opportunities (TXOPs) , till the completion of all associated transmission attempts, including any retransmissions. The session may include the transmission of several poll frames which would be used for providing opportunities for responding AMP STAs to transmit their responses to the initiator. The session may be identified by a unique identification, i.e., TXOP session ID.
[0070] Application scenarios of embodiments of the present disclosure are described below in conjunction with FIGS. 1 and 2.
[0071] FIG. 1 shows a network environment 100 in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. The network environment 100 includes an AMP AP, a separate energizer, and two AMP STAs (i.e., AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2) . In the network environment 100, the AMP AP may send a WPT trigger frame to the energizer to transmit an energizer waveform for a period of time. AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2 may harvest wireless power using the energizing waveform transmitted by the energizer. This may be referred to as WPT Mode 2, where the AMP AP and energizer are separate devices.
[0072] It is understood that, in the network environment 100, the energizer is in the surroundings of AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2, or a distance from the energizer to AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2 is less than or equal to a preset distance, so that AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2 can receive the energizing waveform transmitted by the energizer.
[0073] FIG. 2 shows another network environment 200 in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. The network environment 200 includes an AMP AP integrated with an energizer, and two AMP STAs, namely AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2. In the network environment 200, the AMP AP may directly transmit an energizing waveform because the AMP AP is integrated with the energizer. The AMP AP may also be an independent energizer that has AMP communication capability. AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2 may harvest wireless power using the energizing waveform transmitted by AMP AP. This may be referred to as WPT Mode 1, where the AMP AP is integrated with an energizer, or an independent energizer communicates with the AMP STA.
[0074] Similarly, in the network environment 200, the AMP AP is in the surroundings of AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2, or the distance from the AMP AP to AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2 is less than or equal to the preset distance, so that AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2 can receive the energizing waveform transmitted by the AMP AP.
[0075] In the above two network environments, the AMP AP, AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2 may belong to a same Basic Service Set (BSS) in an IoT network.
[0076] An AMP STA that does not belong to the two modes of WPT described above, can be classified under WPT Mode 0. WPT Mode 0 represents a passive energy harvester for ambient energy sources, with default factory settings related to WPT.
[0077] In the two network environments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, different types of devices may have wireless communication connections (indicated by dashed lines) with each other. The same type of devices may also have wireless communication connections with each other. However, in order to concisely illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure, wireless communication connections that may be available between devices of the same type are not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
[0078] Although the network environments only show two AMP STAs by example, it is understood that in other network environments, other numbers of AMP STAs may also exist, e.g., 3, 4, 5, etc., and other types of devices may also exist, as long as these devices may support AMP protocols.
[0079] It is noted that, these two network environments are only example application scenarios for illustrating the technical solutions of the present disclosure, and specific forms of application scenarios are not limited thereto. The technical solutions of the present disclosure may be applied to any communication system supporting AMP protocol, and in the communication system, an AMP STA that needs to be powered has an energy storage capacity.
[0080] A method for wireless power transfer according to embodiments of the present disclosure is described below in conjunction with FIGS. 3 to 17. For ease of understanding, a first device and a second device are introduced. The first device may be a station that supports AMP protocols. The second device may be an AP that may transmit and receive AMP Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) .
[0081] FIG. 3 illustrates a method for wireless energy transfer 300 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 300 may be applied to the network environment 100 as shown in FIG. 1. For example, the first device may be AMP STA-1 or AMP STA-2 as shown in FIG. 1, and the second device may be the AMP AP as shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 3, the method 300 includes steps 301 to 303.
[0082] In step 301, the first device sends first information to the second device. Correspondingly, the second device receives the first information.
[0083] The first information is used for indicating energy information of the first device, and the energy information includes at least one of an energy storage capacity or available energy.
[0084] The energy storage capacity of the first device may refer to a maximum electrical storage capacity of a capacitor or battery of the first device. The available energy of the first device may refer to a current remaining charge of the capacitor or battery of the first device.
[0085] The available energy may be an energy value or an energy proportion (i.e., a percentage of the current remaining power of the first device to a maximum power of the first device) .
[0086] In step 302, the second device sends second information to the energizer based on the first information. Correspondingly, the energizer receives the second information. The second information is used for triggering an energizer to transmit an energizing waveform.
[0087] In step 303, the energizer transmits the energizing waveform based on the second information. The first device may harvest wireless power based on the energizing waveform.
[0088] It is understood that, the energizer may be the energizer shown in FIG. 1, and may also be other devices integrated with an energizer.
[0089] FIG. 4 illustrates another method for wireless power transfer 400 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 400 may be applied in the network environment 200 shown in FIG. 2. For example, the first device in method 400 may be AMP STA-1 or AMP STA-2 as shown in FIG. 2, and the second device may be AMP AP or energizer as shown in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 4, the method 400 includes steps 401 and 402.
[0090] In step 401, the first device sends first information to the second device. Correspondingly, the second device receives the first information.
[0091] The first information is used for indicating energy information of the first device, and the energy information includes at least one of an energy storage capacity or available energy.
[0092] The energy storage capacity of the first device may refer to a maximum electrical storage capacity of a capacitor or battery of the first device. The available energy of the first device may refer to a current remaining charge of the capacitor or battery of the first device.
[0093] The available energy may be an energy value or an energy proportion (i.e., a percentage of the current remaining power of the first device to a maximum power of the first device) .
[0094] In step 402, the second device transmits an energizing waveform based on the first information. The first device may harvest wireless power based on the energizing waveform.
[0095] In the methods 300 and 400, the first device indicates its available energy and / or energy storage capacity to the second device. In this way, the second device may learn the energy state of the first device, determine the energy harvesting demand of the first device based on the energy information of the first device, and the second information for triggering the energizing waveform based on the energy harvesting demand of the first device. In this case, the energizing waveform may be transmitted when needed and may be shut down when not needed. Therefore, power transfer may be realized on demand, so as to achieve energy conservation.
[0096] It is understood that, there is at least one first device in the methods 300 and 400. In some examples, the at least one first device includes a plurality of first devices, and each of the first devices may send first information to the second device, so that the second device obtains energy information of each of the first devices. In this way, energizing waveforms may be triggered according to the energy information of the first devices, so as to meet energy requirements of each of the first devices.
[0097] In some embodiments, the first information includes an identification of the first device and information for indicating the available energy of the first device.
[0098] In some embodiments, the method 300 and / or 400 include: sending, by the second device, third information to the first device, where the third information is used for random access or requesting information. Correspondingly, the first device receives the third information and sends the first information to the second device based on the third information.
[0099] In a case where the third information is used for random access, the second device may broadcast the third information to the first device. In a case where the third information is used for requesting a response, it means that a connection has been established between the second device and the first device, and the second device may unicast the third information to the first device.
[0100] In some embodiments, the second device may determine whether a preset condition is met based on the first information received and trigger the energizing waveform to be transmitted in a case where the preset condition is met.
[0101] It is understood that, the second device may transmit the energizing waveform when the first information is received, or based on judgement according to the first information. Triggering energizing waveform when the preset condition is met, which is not limited in embodiments of the present disclosure. Taking a first device as an example, if available energy of the first device corresponding to the first information is more than enough for consequent data transmission, then the second device may not trigger to transmit the energizing waveform for the first time, so as to further achieve the purpose of energy conservation.
[0102] In some examples, the preset conditions may include: a quantity of first devices in which available energy is lower than a first threshold being greater than or equal to a second threshold. In these examples, the first devices are devices that each sends first information to the second device, and the first information carries information about available energy of a respective one of the first devices.
[0103] It is understood that, in some other examples, the preset conditions may include that: a percentage of the number of first devices in which available energy is below the first threshold to the number of all first devices that send the first information is greater than or equal to a fourth threshold.
[0104] For example, in a case where the available energy is represented by a percentage, the first threshold is 20%and the fourth threshold is 60%, the preset condition may be as follow: among the first devices that send first information, a percentage of a quantity of first devices in which available energy is lower than 20%to the quantity of the first devices that send the first information is greater or equal to 60%.
[0105] In a case where the preset condition described above is met, the second device triggers the energizing waveform to be transmitted, which means that the second device triggers the energizing waveform to be transmitted when the energy of most first devices is insufficient (that is, there is a demand for obtaining wireless power) . If only a few of the first devices are insufficient in energy, the second device may temporarily ignore it (that is, the second device does not trigger the energizing waveform to be transmitted) , so as to further conserve energy.
[0106] In some examples, the preset condition may include: among all the first devices that send the first information, there exists a first device in which available energy is below the third threshold. In these examples, the first device is a device that sends the first information to the second device, and the first information carries information about available energy of the first device.
[0107] For example, in a case where the available energy is represented by a percentage, and the third threshold is 20%, the preset condition may be: among the first devices that send the first information, there exists a first device in which available energy is less than 20%.
[0108] The second device triggers the energizing waveform to be transmitted in a case where the preset condition described above is met, which means that the second device triggers the energizing waveform to be transmitted as long as there exists a first device in which available energy is insufficient (that is, there is a demand for obtaining wireless power) . In this way, the demand of the first devices may be met as much as possible, so as to replenish the energy of the first devices as soon as possible to improve the user experience and avoid loss of buffered data.
[0109] In some embodiments, in the method 300, the second information may include at least one of: a duration of the energizing waveform, a transmission interval of the energizing waveform, an output power of the energizer, or a start time of the energizing waveform.
[0110] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the second device may control, based on the second information, at least one of the duration of the energizing waveform transmitted by the energizer, the transmission interval of the energizing waveform, the output power of the energizer, or the start time of the energizer. The second device may determine the above information flexibly based on the received first information, so as to realize the on-demand triggering and achieve the energy conservation. For example, for the first device with more energy, an energizing waveform with shorter duration may be triggered, whereas for the first device with less energy, an energizing waveform with longer duration may be triggered.
[0111] In some examples, the duration of the energizing waveform may be determined based on the energy storage capacity of at least one first device, the available energy of the at least one first device, and the output power of the energizer.
[0112] For example, the duration of the energizing waveform is obtained by the following formula (1) :
[0113] where tWPT represents the duration of the energizing waveform, represents an energy storage capacity of an i-th first device in the at least one first device, represents available energy of the i-th first device, PWPT represents the output power of the energizer, i ∈ {1, 2, …, N} , and N represents a quantity of the at least first device.
[0114] For example, the transmission interval of the energizing waveform may refer to a period of the energizing waveform, which may be in units such as milliseconds. By configuring the transmission interval of the energizing waveform, the signaling overhead of predetermined energy harvesting periods may be reduced. In addition, if the transmission interval of the energizing waveform has a value of 0, it means that the second information for triggering the energizing waveform is a one-time information.
[0115] For example, the output power of the energizing waveform required by the second device to the energizer is in a range from 0 to EH_max, where EH_max represents the maximum output power of the energizer. If the output power of the energizer has a value of 0, the energizer will be shut down.
[0116] For example, the third information may be an AMP Random Access frame or an AMP Request frame, the first information may be an AMP Response frame, and the second information may be a WPT Trigger frame. For ease of understanding, the embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated in detail below by taking an example in which the first device is an AMP STA, the second device is an AMP AP, and the energizer is an independent device. In this case, the frame structures are described in detail.
[0117] FIG. 5 illustrates another method for wireless energy transfer 500 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 500 may be applied in the network environment 100 shown in FIG. 1 or other application scenarios. As shown in FIG. 5, the method 500 may include steps 501 to 504.
[0118] In step 501, the AMP AP sends an AMP Random Access frame or an AMP Request frame to the AMP STA. Correspondingly, the AMP STA receives the AMP Random Access frame or the AMP Request frame.
[0119] In step 502, the AMP STA sends an AMP Response frame to the AMP AP. Correspondingly, the AMP AP receives the AMP Response frame. The AMP Response frame carries energy information of the AMP STA.
[0120] In step 503, the AMP AP sends a WPT Trigger frame to the energizer based on content in the AMP Response frame to trigger the energizer to transmit an energizing waveform. Accordingly, the energizer receives the WPT Trigger frame.
[0121] In step 504, the energizer transmits the energizing waveform based on content in the WPT Trigger frame.
[0122] Regarding the scenario where the energizer is integrated in the AMP AP, i.e., the network environment 200, the wireless power transfer process is similar to the method 500 and thus will not be described here.
[0123] The AMP Random Access frame, the AMP Request frame, the AMP Response frame, etc. are collectively referred to as AMP MAC frames. In the following, combined with FIGS. 6 to 13, the frame structures of the AMP MAC frames are illustrated in detail.
[0124] FIG. 6 illustrates an AMP MAC frame structure in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. A general AMP MAC frame includes a MAC Header field (which may include 24, 32, or 40 bits) , a Frame Body field (with variable length) , and a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field (which may include 16 bits) .
[0125] FIG. 7 illustrates a frame structure of an AMP MAC frame in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In an AMP MAC frame, a MAC Header field may include a Frame Control field (which may include 8 bits) , a Transmitter ID field (which may include 12 bits) , a Receiver ID field (which may include 4 or 12 bits) , and a Length field (which may include 0 or 8 bits) . Furthermore, the Frame Control field may include a Frame Type field (which may include 4 bits) , a Protected field (which may include 1 bit) , a Length Present field (which may include 1 bit) , and a Receiver ID Present field (which may include 1 bit) and a Reserved field (which may include 1 bit) . In addition, in an AMP MAC frame, a Frame Check Sequence (FSC) field may be a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code with 16 bits.
[0126] The Frame Type field defines frame types for AMP MAC frames, namely, AMP Random Access Frame, AMP Request Frame, AMP Response Frame, AMP WPT Frame and AMP Data Frame, with the rest of the fields being reserved as shown in Table 1.
[0127] Table 1
[0128] The general AMP MAC Frame Body field may have Type Dependent Control field and Type Dependent Payload field as shown in FIG. 8. Three example variants for the AMP MAC frame Body, i.e., variant-1, variant-2 and variant-3, are defined herein. Variant-1 includes Type Dependent Payload field. Variant-2 includes Sub-Type field, Sub-Type Short Control field, and Type Dependent Payload field. Variant-3 includes Sub-Type field, Sub-type Long Control field, and Type Dependent Payload field.
[0129] The AMP Request frame is sent by the AMP AP to request information regarding the AMP STA, as indicated by the Response Type field in the Sub-Type Long Control field, as shown in FIG. 10. This Response Type field is the same field with the same elements as shown in FIG. 9. The AMP Response Frame is sent by the AMP STA with the information requested by the AMP Request frame or sent uninitiated by AMP STAs that can transmit the legacy preamble, and wish to report its status to the AMP AP, as shown in FIG. 11. The Sub-Type Long Control field of the AMP Response frame body is a Response Presence field with the following elements, namely, EPC Present, TID Present, Available Energy Present, Payload Size Present, Energy Storage Capacity Present, and the rest of the elements being reserved. The Type Dependent Payload includes EPC field, TID field, Available Energy field, Payload Size field, Energy Storage Capacity field, and Padding field which is optional. The Padding field is included to ensure integer octet length. The EPC and TID fields contain the ID length and ID fields.
[0130] The AMP WPT Frame includes two variants indicated by the Sub-Type field of the AMP MAC frame, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. Possible values for the Sub-Type field are 0 and 1, with rest of the values 2 to 15 reserved, as shown in Table 2.
[0131] Table 2
[0132] As shown in Table 2, when the Sub-Type field is assigned with 0, the AMP WPT Frame is an AMP WPT Settings frame.
[0133] FIG. 12 illustrates a frame structure of the AMP WPT Settings frame, which is a frame sent by the AMP AP to convey relevant WPT parameter settings to the AMP STAs. As shown in FIG. 12, the AMP WPT Settings frame may include a Confirm Settings field, a Teardown Settings field, a WPT Start Time field, a WPT Duration field, a WPT Interval field, a WPT Power field, a Padding field, and reserved fields. The Confirm Settings field may be set to 1 to indicate that an acknowledgment is required by the AMP AP, or set to 0 to indicate that no acknowledgement is required by the AMP AP. The Teardown Settings field may be assigned with 1, if the AMP AP wishes for the AMP STA or energizer to tear down WPT settings. After receiving a AMP WPT Settings frame with Teardown Settings assigned to 1, an AMP STA may return to default WPT Mode 0, as a passive energy harvester of RF energy.
[0134] FIG. 13 illustrates a frame structure of the AMP WPT Settings Confirm frame, which is used to convey a confirmation to the energizer for transmitting the energizing waveform. The AMP WPT Settings Confirm frame may include a Nack field, a WPT Start Time field, a WPT Duration field, a WPT Interval field, a WPT Power field, a Padding field, and reserved fields. The Nack field is to confirm the WPT settings (carried by the AMP WPT Setting frame) sent by the AMP AP via a WPT Settings frame. If the Nack field is set to 0, the WPT settings are confirmed by the AMP STA, and the WPT settings will be communicated to the Energizer by the AMP AP through an AMP Trigger frame. If the Nack field is set to 1, the AMP STA may suggest new WPT settings by changing at least one of the WPT Start Time field, the WPT Duration field, the WPT Interval field, the WPT Power field, or the Reserved fields. The AMP AP may then choose to use the new WPT settings, or the original WPT settings, by sending a subsequent WPT Settings frame with the final WPT settings, with the Confirm Settings field set to 0.
[0135] The AMP Data frame is to send uplink (UL) payload (e.g., sensor data) by the AMP STA, or downlink (DL) payload (for example, higher layer user-specified parameters necessary for specific STA state or operation) by the AMP AP.
[0136] In a case where the Frame Type field is 0, the AMP MAC frame is an AMP Random Access frame. FIG. 9 illustrates a Frame structure of Frame Body field in an AMP Random Access frame in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0137] The AMP Random Access frame includes three variants, and the variant type may be controlled through the Sub-Type field of the AMP MAC frame, as shown in Table 3. Variants include AMP Poll frame (Sub-Type is 0) , AMP Re-Poll (Sub-Type is 1) , AMP ReTx-Poll (Sub-Type is 2) , and other reserved types.
[0138] Table 3
[0139] AMP Poll frame is an initial frame for initiating a random access session.
[0140] AMP ReTx-Poll frame is a frame for requesting a retransmission, and AMP ReTx-Poll frame is mainly used when reception failure at the transmitting node occurs.
[0141] AMP Re-Poll frame is a subsequent frame for the AMP Poll frame or the AMP ReTx-Poll frame, and the AMP Re-Poll is mainly used for notifying a first device of available slot (s) for initial transmission or retransmission of a response.
[0142] In a case where the Sub-Type is 0, the AMP Random Access frame is an AMP Poll frame. If the Slot Range Present bit is 1 (true) , a slot range of the TXOP to be held may be indicated by the Slot Range field. As shown in FIG. 9, Slot Range may be indicated by Start Slot Index and End Slot Index, which are both included within the Slot Range field (that is, to determine the number of slots according to indexes of slots) , and Slot Length of a single slot may be indicated by a Slot Info field, so as to determine the TXOP duration. Through fields of Available Energy, Payload Size, Payload Data, Energy Storage Capacity, which are of the Response Type Bitmap field of the Response Control field, the AMP Poll frame may notify an AMP STA to know what data the AMP AP expects to receive. For example, in a case where the AMP AP sent the AMP STA an AMP Poll frame in which the Available Energy field is assigned with 1 (true) , it means that the AMP AP expects the AMP STA to return the available energy of the AMP STA. The rest of the fields are used in the same way, and will not be repeated here.
[0143] In a case where the Frame Type field is 1, the AMP MAC frame is an AMP Request Frame. FIG. 10 illustrates a frame structure of Frame Body field in an AMP Request frame in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Similarly, Sub-Type Long Control field (which may include 12 bits) may include fields of Available Energy (1 bit) , Payload Size (which may include 1 bit) , Payload Data (which may include 1 bit) as well as Energy Storage Capacity (which may include 1 bit) .
[0144] The AMP AP may unicast an AMP Request frame to the AMP STA to inform the AMP STA to return relevant information that the AMP AP needs. For example, in a case where a certain field is 1 (true) , it means that the AMP AP expects the AMP STA to return information represented by the certain field, which is similar to the AMP Poll frame described above, and will not be repeated here.
[0145] In some embodiments, in a case where the Frame Type is 2, the AMP MAC frame is an AMP Response frame. FIG. 11 illustrates a Frame Body frame structure of an AMP Response frame in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0146] A Frame Body of the AMP Response frame may be variant-3 of Frame Body shown in FIG. 8, which includes fields of Sub-type (4 bits) , Sub-Type Long Control (12 bits) , and Type Dependent Payload (variable) . In Sub-Type Long Control field, it may further contain fields of EPC Present (1 bit) , TID Present (1 bit) , Available Energy Present (1 bit) , Payload Size Present (1 bit) , Energy Storage Capacity Present (1 bit) , and Reserved (7 bits) . In addition, Type Dependent Payload field may include fields of EPC (variable) , TID (variable) , Available Energy (0 or 4 bits, depending on the value of Available Energy Present) , Payload Size (0 or 4 bits, depending on the value of Payload Size Present) , Energy Storage Capacity (0 or 12 bits, depending on the value of Energy Storage Capacity Present) , and Padding (0 or 4 bits) , in which the fields of EPC and TID may further include fields of ID Length and ID of their own.
[0147] In a case where the AMP STA receives an AMP Random Access frame or AMP Request frame, according to fields of Available Energy, Payload Size, Payload Data, and Energy Storage Capacity in the AMP Random Access or AMP Request frame, the AMP STA may determine to return an AMP Response frame which carries relevant information.
[0148] The frame structure of a WPT frame according to embodiments of the present disclosure is described in detail below in conjunction with FIGS. 14 and 15.
[0149] FIG. 14 illustrates a WPT frame structure in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The WPT frame structure may include a Category field and an Action Details field. Possible values of the Category field are shown in Table 4.
[0150] Table 4
[0151] In a case where Category field is assigned with X, and the AMP functionality may be realized, AMP Action field may be included in the AMP Details field. Possible values of AMP Action field are described in Table 5.
[0152] Table 5
[0153] In a case where AMP Action field has a value of 0, the WPT frame may be a WPT Trigger frame.
[0154] FIG. 15 illustrates a frame structure of a WPT Trigger frame in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In the WPT Trigger frame, AMP Details field may include fields of AMP Action (with a value of 0) , TXOP Duration (ms) , WPT Duration (ms) , WPT Interval (ms) , WPT Power (mW) , and WPT Start Time, and Reserved fields. Among these fields, the TXOP Duration is used for indicating the maximum available duration of a TXOP used for a WPT triggering, the WPT Duration is used for indicating a duration of energizing waveform transmitted by the energizer, the WPT Interval may be used for indicating an interval between energizing waveforms, the WPT Power may be used for indicating an output power used when the energizer transmits the energizing waveform, and the WPT Start Time may be used for indicating a start time for the energizer to transmit the energizer waveform.
[0155] The method for wireless energy transfer is described in detail in conjunction with FIGS. 16 to 19, using two AMP STAs (i.e., AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2) as examples.
[0156] In general, the AMP STA may oscillate between three energy states, namely, Active, Idle and Off states. In the Active state, the AMP STA is capable of performing any energy consuming activity, such as transmission. In the Idle state, the AMP STA conserves power by performing low energy activities such as memory retention, sensing or receiving. In addition, the Off state corresponds to an AMP STA that have depleted their energy storage and switches off till it can harvest more power to enter either Idle or Active state.
[0157] FIG. 16 illustrates a process for wireless energy transfer in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In the examples of FIG. 16, The AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2 have not been identified by the AMP AP, and thus the STA IDs of the AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2 also have not been acquired by the AMP AP. In this case, the AMP AP cannot communicate with the AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2 in unicast. As shown in FIG. 16, the AMP AP may hold a Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) in a BSS by broadcasting CTS-to-self frames at a first frame exchange in order to protect consequent AMP MAC frames whose Frame Type field is 0, namely, an AMP Random Access frame, for requesting STA IDs and energy storage capacity of the AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2. For example, a TXOP may be a period of time between two adjacent CTS-to-self frames (consequent CTS-to-self frames are not shown in FIG. 16) . After the AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2 receive an AMP Random Access frame, they may separately send an AMP MAC frame in which the Frame Type is assigned with 2, namely an AMP Response frame, in order to return their respective STA IDs and energy storage capacity to the AMP AP. In these embodiments, the energy storage capacity of the AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2 are both 190 μJ. After that, the AMP AP which has received STA ID may store it for communicating, on demand, with an AMP STA corresponding to the STA ID in unicast.
[0158] It is understood that, in other possible implementations, if the AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2 do not know their energy storage capacity, the AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2 may return their STA IDs and set the field of Energy Storage Capacity as Null.
[0159] FIG. 17 illustrates another process for wireless energy transfer in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. During the first TXOP in FIG. 17 (i.e., a period of time between the first two CTS-to-self frames) , the AMP AP has known the STA IDs of the AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2, and the AMP AP may then send an AMP MAC frame (e.g., an AMP MAC frame whose Frame Type is 1) to the AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2 separately. After that, the AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2 may separately return an AMP Response frame.
[0160] In a possible implementation, the AMP Response frame may carry EH-ABit for indicating available energy of an AMP STA, as shown in Table 6.
[0161] Table 6
[0162] In some examples, as shown in FIG. 17, the AMP Response frame returned by the AMP STA-1 carries information indicated by ‘0000’ , which means that available energy of the AMP STA-1 is lower than 10 μJ and the AMP Response frame returned by the AMP STA-2 carries information indicated by ‘0001’ , which means that available energy of the AMP STA-2 is lower than 20 μJ.
[0163] In another possible implementation, the AMP Response frame may carry EH-SBit for indicating available energy of an AMP AP, as shown in Table 7.
[0164] Table 7
[0165] In some examples, as shown in FIG. 17, the AMP Response frame returned by the AMP STA-1 carries information indicated by ‘0000’ , which means that the available energy of the AMP STA-1 is lower than 10%, and the AMP Response frame returned by the AMP STA-2 carries information indicated by ‘0001’ , which means that the available energy of the AMP STA-2 is lower than 15%.
[0166] In these examples, the AMP STA-1 has not enough energy for the second TXOP, and thus the AMP Response frame carries EH-SBit assigned with ‘0000’ . The AMP STA-1 then enters the Off state. However, the AMP STA-2 still has enough available energy for Idle state and Active state for the second TXOP, which is indicated by EH-Sassigned with ‘0001’ . Based on the demand from AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2, the AMP AP may send a WPT Trigger Frame to the energizer to transmit an energizing waveform in a specified duration.
[0167] FIG. 18 illustrates a sequence diagram showing a case where an identified AMP STA does not respond to an AMP AP for a long time in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0168] As shown in FIG. 18, the AMP AP identifies the AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2 at the first random access and knows that available energy of the AMP STA-1 and 2 are 19 μJ and 190 μJ, respectively. However, the AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2 may deplete their available energy at a later time, and thus the AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2 do not respond to the AMP Request frame sent by the AMP AP in consecutive TXOPs. In this case, the AMP AP may determine that the AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2 are in Off state, and then send a WPT Trigger frame to the energizer to transmit an energizing waveform for charging the AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2.
[0169] As shown in FIG. 18, the AMP AP broadcasts AMP Random Access frames at the first TXOP. Each of the AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2 encapsulates its respective STA ID and energy storage capacity in an AMP Response frame to be returned to the AMP AP as a response, after the AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2 receive the AMP Random Access frame. However, in the following two TXOPs, the AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2 do not respond to the AMP Request frame sent by the AMP AP, and thus are determined to be Off state by the AMP AP, so that the AMP AP may send a WPT trigger in the third TXOP to the energizer to transmit an energizing waveform, so as to charge the AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2. After charging, the AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2 which have acquired energy may respond to corresponding AMP Request frames.
[0170] In addition, an AMP STA with smaller energy storage capacity is more prone to the problem of energy depletion, and thus in a possible implementation, the AMP AP may prioritize the request for an AMP STA with smaller energy storage capacity to return its own available energy, so that AMP Response frames sent by the AMP STA with smaller energy storage capacity may be prioritized for response in a case where the preset condition is met.
[0171] FIG. 19 illustrates a sequence diagram of triggering an energizing waveform periodically or singly in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0172] In a possible implementation, an energizing waveform may be set to be periodic. For example, as shown in FIG. 19, the first two energizing waveforms are set to be periodic, and an interval between the two energizing waveforms is a WPT interval. A length of the WPT interval may be associated with a duty cycle of an AMP Request or AMP Response frame. The duty cycle may be set by a user on an application layer of protocols. For example, as shown in FIG. 19, the duty cycle of the AMP Request and AMP Response frame are set to 1 second (s) , and thus the WPT interval is set to 1 second accordingly. Since the energizing waveform may be periodically transmitted, an AMP STA’s charging demand may be satisfied without sending its energy information. Thus, an AMP Response frame sent by the AMP STA may be decoupled with an AMP Request frame, and does not have to be a response to the AMP Request, so that the AMP Response may be used to send other payload data.
[0173] In addition, as shown in FIG. 19, due to the smaller duty cycle and a longer stand-by period of the AMP Response frame, more energy may be wasted. In this case, for example, a one-time energizing waveform may be set for further charging the AMP STA-2, so that the AMP STA-2, which has larger energy storage capacity and smaller duty cycle of signals, has more available energy.
[0174] FIG. 20 illustrates an example scenario where an AMP AP broadcasts a WPT Settings frame to AMP STAs with the Confirm Settings field set to 0, thereby requiring no acknowledgment for WPT settings. In this embodiment, the AMP STAs may not have to respond to the WPT Settings frame sent by the AMP AP. At the first TXOP shown in FIG. 20, the AMP AP broadcasts an AMP Request frame to the AMP STA-1 and AMP STA-2, and broadcasts a WPT Settings frame to two AMP STAs after receiving AMP Response frames corresponding to the broadcasted AMP Request frame. Because the WPT Settings frame is set for no confirmation, the AMP AP may send a WPT Trigger frame to the energizer to transmit the energizing waveform, immediately after the WPT Settings frame is broadcasted.
[0175] FIG. 21 illustrates an example scenario where an AMP AP sends a unicast WPT Settings frame. At the first TXOP shown in FIG. 21, the AMP AP sends an AMP Request frame to the AMP STA-1 for receiving an AMP Response frame from the AMP STA-1. After receiving an AMP Response frame, the AMP AP sends a WPT Settings frame to the AMP STA-1, with the Confirm Settings field set to 1. The AMP STA-1 may then respond back with a WPT Settings Confirm frame to the AMP AP, with the Nack field set to 1, to inform the AMP AP that the WPT settings have changed or are not acceptable, and suggest new WPT settings to the AMP AP. After that, the AMP STA may send a WPT Settings frame to the AMP AP, with the Confirm Settings field set to 0. The AMP AP may then adopt the new WPT settings as suggested by the AMP STA. Subsequently, the AMP AP may inform the Energizer the confirmed new WPT settings via the WPT Trigger frame.
[0176] FIGS. 22 to 24 illustrate apparatuses or systems relevant to a method for wireless power transfer in accordance with some embodiments.
[0177] As shown in FIGS. 22 to 24, an apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or embodiments described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0178] The apparatus 510 may be an AMP AP side apparatus, for example, an AMP AP or a module in an AMP AP, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an AMP AP. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 may be an apparatus 310 or an apparatus 410. The processing unit 512 may be or include a processor 210, a processor or processor core 411, or a baseband signal processing circuit 414 which may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like. The communication unit 513 may be an interface unit 412. The communication unit 513 may include a receiving unit (or obtaining unit) and / or a transmitting unit (or sending unit) . The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be a transmitter 201 and / or a receiver 203 respectively. The receiving unit and the transmitting unit may transmit and receive signals via an antenna 204 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be memory 208.
[0179] The apparatus 510 may be an AMP STA side apparatus, for example, an AMP STA or a module in an AMP STA, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an AMP STA. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be an apparatus 320 or an apparatus 410. The processing unit 512 may be a processor 260 (ascheduler 253 may also be included) or a processor or processor core 411. The communication unit 513 may be an interface circuit 412. The communication unit 513 may include a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be a transmitter 252 and / or a receiver 254 respectively. The receiving unit and the transmitting unit may transmit and receive signals via an antenna 256 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be memory 258.
[0180] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an AMP AP or a module in an AMP AP, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. For example, the processor may include a modem chip, or an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0181] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an AMP AP or AMP STA, for example, a modem chip, an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core, a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system that is in the chip and that includes one or more processors or processor cores. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the foregoing chip.
[0182] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into one functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into one physical entity or may be distributed in different physical entities. In addition, the foregoing functional units may be implemented in a form of hardware, may be implemented in a form of software, or may be implemented in a form of a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is performed in a form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this disclosure.
[0183] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the foregoing apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSP) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms.
[0184] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random-access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory (ROM) , a programmable read-only memory (PROM) , an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , and / or a register.
[0185] A processor, a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core may be collectively referred to as a processor. The processor may include one or a combination of a central processing unit (CPU) , a digital signal processor (DSP) , a microprocessor (microprocessor unit, MPU) , a microcontroller (microcontroller unit, MCU) , a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) , an artificial intelligence processor (AI processor) , or a neural network processing unit (NPU) .
[0186] Memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magneto resistive random access memory (magneto resistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory, an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute embodiments may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method embodiments disclosed herein.
[0187] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” , “an” and “one” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0188] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of this example embodiment for its intended application.
[0189] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0190] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0191] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0192] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in embodiments of this disclosure. "At least one" means one or more, and "aplurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this disclosure are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0193] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this disclosure may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, these embodiments may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, these embodiments may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0194] This disclosure is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to embodiments of this disclosure. It is understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the computer or the processor of the another programmable data processing device generate an apparatus for implementing a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0195] The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0196] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer, or another programmable device provide steps for implementing a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0197] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the embodiments without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this disclosure provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
[0198] The present disclosure encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
[0199] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative embodiments, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0200] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular embodiments may also or instead be implemented in other embodiments. Method embodiments, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product embodiments. In addition, although embodiments are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
Claims
1.A method for wireless power transfer, the method comprising:obtaining, from at least one first device, at least one first information for indicating energy information of the at least one first device, the energy information comprising at least one of available energy or energy storage capacity; andtriggering, based on the at least one first information, an energizing waveform to be transmitted.2.The method of claim 1, wherein triggering, based on the at least one first information, the energizing waveform to be transmitted comprises:determining whether a preset condition is met based on the at least one first information; andtriggering the energizing waveform to be transmitted in a case where the preset condition is met.3.The method of claim 2, wherein the at least one first information comprises an identification of the at least one first device and information for indicating the available energy of the at least one first device.4.The method of claim 3, wherein the preset condition comprises:among the at least one first device, a quantity of devices in which available energy is lower than a first threshold being greater than or equal to a second threshold.5.The method of claim 3, wherein the preset condition comprises:among the at least one first device, there exists a first device with available energy lower than a third threshold.6.The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein triggering the energizing waveform to be transmitted comprises:sending, to an energizer, second information for triggering the energizer to transmit an energizing waveform.7.The method of claim 6, wherein the second information comprises at least one of: a duration of the energizing waveform, a transmission interval of the energizing waveform, an output power of the energizer, or a start time of the energizing waveform.8.The method of claim 7, wherein the duration of the energizing waveform is determined based on the energy storage capacity of the at least one first device, the available energy of the at least one first device, and the output power of the energizer.9.The method of claim 8, wherein the duration of the energizing waveform is obtained by following formula: wherein, tWPT represents the duration of the energizing waveform, represents an energy storage capacity of an i-th first device in the at least one first device, represents available energy of the i-th first device, PWPT represents the output power of the energizer, i ∈ {1, 2, …, N} , and N represents a quantity of the at least first device.10.The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising:sending third information for random access or requesting information.11.A method for wireless energy transfer, the method comprising:determining first information for indicating energy information of a first device, the energy information comprising at least one of available energy or energy storage capacity; andsending the first information.12.The method of claim 11, wherein the first information comprises an identification of the first device and information for indicating the available energy of the first device.13.The method of claim 11 or 12, further comprising:receiving third information for random access or requesting information, whereinsending the first information comprises:sending the first information based on the third information.14.An apparatus, configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10 or 11 to 13.15.The apparatus of claim 14, comprising:an obtaining unit configured to obtain, from at least one first device, at least one first information for indicating energy information of the at least one first device, the energy information comprising at least one of energy storage capacity or available energy; anda triggering unit configured to trigger, based on the at least one first information, an energizing waveform to be transmitted.16.The apparatus of claim 14, comprising:a determining unit configured to determine first information for indicating energy information of a first device, the energy information comprising at least one of available energy or energy storage capacity; anda sending unit configured to send the first information.17.The apparatus of claim 14, comprising:one or more processors configured to obtain, from at least one first device, at least one first information for indicating energy information of the at least one first device, the energy information comprising at least one of energy storage capacity or available energy; andan interface circuit configured to trigger, based on the at least one first information, an energizing waveform to be transmitted.18.The apparatus of claim 14, comprising:one or more processors configured to determine first information for indicating energy information of a first device, the energy information comprising at least one of available energy or energy storage capacity; andan interface circuit configured to send the first information.19.The apparatus of claim 17 or 18, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.20.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10 or 11 to 13.21.A communication system, comprising a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10 and a second communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 11 to 13.22.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10 or 11 to 13.23.A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10 or 11 to 13.
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