Use of n, n-di-alkylated amino acids as surfactants
N, N-di-alkylated amino acids, derived from biomass, address the challenge of synthesizing high-efficacy surfactants by offering low surface tension and foaming ability, suitable for diverse applications.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/104943
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-15
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Figure PCTCN2024104943-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024104943-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024104943-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
USE OF N, N-DI-ALKYLATED AMINO ACIDS AS SURFACTANTSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to the use of N, N-di-alkylated amino acids as surfactants.BACKGROUND
[0002] The following discussion of the prior art is provided to place the disclosure in an appropriate technical context and enable the advantages of it to be more fully understood. It should be appreciated, however, that any discussion of the prior art throughout the specification should not be considered as an express or implied admission that such prior art is widely known or forms part of common general knowledge in the field.
[0003] Surfactants are an important class of molecules with highly sought-after characteristics. Surfactants may be uncharged, zwitterionic, cationic, or anionic. Often, these compounds are amphiphilic molecules with a water-insoluble hydrophobic “tail” group and a water-soluble hydrophilic “head” group. These compounds may adsorb at an interface, such as an interface between two liquids, a liquid and a gas, or a liquid and a solid. In the case of an interface between water and oil, the hydrophilic head group extends into the water, while the hydrophobic tail extends into the oil. When added to water, the hydrophilic head group extends into the water, while the hydrophobic tail extends into the air. The presence of the surfactant disrupts the intermolecular interaction between water molecules, replacing it with weaker interactions between water molecules and the surfactant. This results in lowered surface tension and can also serve to stabilize the interface.
[0004] N-alkylated amino acids find widespread application as highly valuable, renewable building blocks. α-Amino acids are a prominent class of naturally occurring chiral compounds that may serve as renewable alternatives to amines derived from fossil resources. In particular, N-alkyl amino acids have shown promise as amphoteric surfactants.
[0005] WO 2018 / 178397A1 discloses a method for the N-alkylation of an unprotected amino acid or the N-terminus of an oligopeptide substrate, comprising reacting said unprotected amino acid or oligopeptide substrate with an alcohol. The alkylated products of alanine and lysine are reported. Specifically, the alcohol can be short chain alcohols, such as ethanol and iso-propanol, or long chain alcohol, such as 1-dodecanol. The patent application indicates these N-alkylated products can be promising surfactants. However, solely from its structure, it may be difficult to predict whether a given compound would have surfactant properties, let alone other important characteristics such as interfacial adsorption dynamics, minimum surface tension achievable, and / or ability to wet hydrophobic and / or oleophobic surfaces, which are also integral to whether the compound would become a useful surfactant. Certain amino acids and their derivatives, for example, are desirable as building blocks for surfactants, but the selection of which amino acids to use is far from intuitive. Synthesis of such compounds adds another layer of difficulty due to the differences of solubilities attributable to different elements and moieties present in the same molecules. There remains a need for high-efficacy surfactants that can be readily synthesized at commercial scale via straightforward routes.SUMMARY
[0006] Thus, an aim of the present invention is to develop the use of biomass-derived N-alkylated amino acids as surfactants.
[0007] The inventors of the present invention have unexpectedly discovered that specific N, N-di-alkylated amino acid compounds have surfactant properties. In particular, these compounds have low critical micelle concentrations (CMC) and / or the ability to reduce the surface tension of a liquid. Furthermore, these compounds have excellent foaming ability. The present invention is based on such a discovery.
[0008] Thus, in a first aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a N, N-di-alkylated amino acid having the general formula (I) as surfactant,
[0009] wherein:
[0010] - R1 is a C1-C10 linear alkyl group, optionally substituted by an acetamido group;
[0011] - R2 and R3, same or different, are independently C7-C11 alkyl group, which is optionally interrupted by one or several heteroatom (s) .
[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for reducing the surface tension of a liquid, comprising contacting a N, N-di-alkylated amino acid having the general formula (I) with the liquid.
[0013] In a third aspect, the present invention also provides a surfactant composition comprising a N, N-di-alkylated amino acid having the general formula (I) ,
[0014] wherein:
[0015] - R1 is a C1-C10 linear alkyl group, optionally substituted by an acetamido group;
[0016] - R2 and R3, same or different, are independently C7-C11 alkyl group, which is optionally interrupted by one or several heteroatom (s) .
[0017] Other subjects and characteristics, aspects and advantages of the present invention will emerge even more clearly on reading the detailed description and the examples that follow.
[0018] DEFINITIONS
[0019] Throughout the description, including the claims, the term "comprising one" should be understood as being synonymous with the term "comprising at least one" , unless otherwise specified, and "between" should be understood as being inclusive of the limits.
[0020] As used herein, the terminology " (Cn-Cm) " in reference to an organic group, wherein n and m are both integers, indicates that the group may contain from n carbon atoms to m carbon atoms per group.
[0021] The articles "a" , "an" and "the" are used to refer to one or to more than one (i.e., to at least one) of the grammatical object of the article.
[0022] The term "and / or" includes the meanings "and" , "or" and also all the other possible combinations of the elements connected to this term.
[0023] It is specified that, in the continuation of the description, unless otherwise indicated, the values at the limits are included in the ranges of values which are given.
[0024] Ratios, concentrations, amounts, and other numerical data may be presented herein in a range format. It is to be understood that such a range format is used merely for convenience and brevity and should be interpreted flexibly to include not only the numerical values explicitly recited as the limits of the range, but also all the individual numerical values or sub-ranges encompassed within that range as if each numerical value or sub-range is explicitly recited.
[0025] DETAILS OF THE INVENTION
[0026] The present invention provides the use of a N, N-di-alkylated amino acid having the general formula (I) as surfactant,
[0027] wherein:
[0028] - R1 is a C1-C10 linear alkyl group, optionally substituted by an acetamido group;
[0029] - R2 and R3, same or different, are independently C7-C11 alkyl group, which is optionally interrupted by one or several heteroatom (s) .
[0030] R1 is preferably a C1-C8 linear alkyl group, more preferably C1-C6 linear alkyl group and most preferably C1-C4 linear alkyl group, optionally substituted by an acetamido group.
[0031] R2 and R3, same or different, are preferably independently C8-C10 alkyl group, and more preferably independently C8-C9 alkyl group.
[0032] The alkyl group of R2 or R3 can be linear or branched and preferably linear.
[0033] The heteroatoms can be selected from the group consisiting of N, O and S. The number of heteroatoms in the alkyl group is preferably less than 5, more preferably less than 3.
[0034] In one particular embodiment, the N, N-di-alkylated amino acid has the general formula (II) ,
[0035] wherein R2 and R3 have the same meanings as above defined. Good results are obtained with R2=R3=octyl.
[0036] In another particular embodiment, the N, N-di-alkylated amino acid has the general formula (III) ,
[0037] wherein R2 and R3 have the same meanings as above defined. Good results are obtained with R2=R3=octyl.
[0038] Preferably, the N, N-di-alkylated amino acid having the general formula (I) is produced from a sustainable biomass-based amino acid.
[0039] As used herein, "use of a N, N-di-alkylated amino acid having the general formula (I) as surfactant" means applications related to the utilization of any one of its surfactant properties, especially the ability of reducing the surface tension of a liquid and / or improving the ability of foaming.
[0040] Advantageously, the N, N-di-alkylated amino acid having the general formula (I) has a critical micelle concentration (CMC) lower than 0.2 wt. %, preferably lower than 0.09 wt. %in an aqueous solution having a pH value ranging from 5 to 9.
[0041] Advantageously, the N, N-di-alkylated amino acid having the general formula (I) has a plateau value of a minimal surface tension of 25 to 35 mN / m, preferably 25 to 30 mN / m and more preferably 25 to 28 mN / m in an aqueous solution having a pH value ranging from 5 to 9.
[0042] Potential applications for the N, N-di-alkylated amino acid having the general formula (I) include formulations for use as shampoos, hair conditioners, detergents, spot-free rinsing solutions, floor and carpet cleaners, cleaning agents for graffiti removal, wetting agents for crop protection, adjuvants for crop protection, and wetting agents for aerosol spray coatings.
[0043] It can be understood by one skilled in the art that small differences between N, N-di-alkylated amino acids may lead to different surfactant properties, such that different N, N-di-alkylated amino acids may be used with different substrates, in different applications.
[0044] The following non-limiting embodiments are provided to demonstrate the different properties of the different surfactants.
[0045] The N, N-di-alkylated amino acids having the general formula (I) are effective as surface-active agents, useful for wetting or foaming agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, and detergents, among other applications.
[0046] The N, N-di-alkylated amino acid having the general formula (I) may be useful in both the applications described above and some further special applications such as surface treatments, such as in personal hair care products, and can also be used to generate water repellent surfaces.
[0047] As previously mentioned, the present invention provides a method for reducing the surface tension of a liquid, comprising contacting a N, N-di-alkylated amino acid having the general formula (I) with the liquid.
[0048] The N, N-di-alkylated amino acid having the general formula (I) has the same meaning as above defined.
[0049] The composition of the liquid is not particularly limited and generally depends on the different uses.
[0050] In some preferred embodiments, the liquid comprises water and the pH value of the liquid is from 8.5 to 9.5. Notably pH is equal to 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5 or any range obtained between these values.
[0051] As previously mentioned, the present invention further provides a surfactant composition comprising a N, N-di-alkylated amino acid having the general formula (I) .
[0052] The N, N-di-alkylated amino acid having the general formula (I) has the same meaning as above defined.
[0053] The surfactant composition generally depends on the formulations for different uses.
[0054] In some embodiments, the surfactant composition comprises water.
[0055] The amount of the N, N-di-alkylated amino acid having the general formula (I) in the composition may be as low as about 0.001 wt. %, about 0.05 wt. %, about 0.1 wt. %, about 0.5 wt. %, about 1 wt. %, about 2 wt. %, or about 5 wt. %, or as high as about 8 wt. %, about 10 wt. %, about 15 wt. %, about 20 wt. %, or about 25 wt. %, or within any range defined between any two of the foregoing values.
[0056] The following examples are included to illustrate embodiments of the disclosure. Needless to say, the disclosure is not limited to describe examples.
[0057] .EXAMPLES
[0058] Materials
[0059] - Trifluoroethanol, CAS No. 75-89-8, from Fluorochem;
[0060] - Shvo’s catalyst, 1-Hydroxytetraphenyl-cyclopentadienyl (tetraphenyl-2, 4-cyclopentadien-1-one) -μ-hydrotetracarbonyldiruthenium (II) , CAS No. 104439-77-2, Sigma Aldrich;
[0061] - L-Glycine, CAS No. 56-40-6, from Fluka;
[0062] - L-Alanine, CAS No. 56-41-7, from TCI;
[0063] - L-Proline, CAS No. 147-85-3, from TCI;
[0064] - N6-acetyl-L-lysine, CAS No. 692-04-6, from Sigma Aldrich;
[0065] - L-Valine, CAS No. 72-18-4, from TCI;
[0066] - L-Phenylalanine, CAS No. 63-91-2, from TCI;
[0067] - L-Leucine, CAS No. 61-90-5, from TCI;
[0068] - Hexanol, CAS No. 111-27-3, from Sigma Aldrich;
[0069] - Octanol, CAS No. 111-87-5, from Sigma Aldrich;
[0070] - Dodecanol, CAS No. 112-53-8, from TCI.
[0071] Preparation of N, N-di-alkylated amino acids
[0072] General procedure for alkylation of glycine (GP1) :
[0073] Shvo’s catalyst (0.5 mol%) , the respective alcohol (if solid, 3.0 eq. ) and glycine (1.0 eq. ) were added to an oven dried microwave vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar. The microwave vial was sealed and evacuated / backfilled with N2 (3x) . Trifluoroethanol (not dried, 1.0 M) and the respective alcohol (if liquid, 3.0 eq. ) were added. For highly viscous alcohols, a stock solution in trifluoroethanol was prepared and subsequently transferred to the reaction vial. The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 24 h. Volatile compounds were removed under reduced pressure and the crude product was further purified by silica gel column chromatography.
[0074] General procedure for alkylation of proline (GP2) :
[0075] Shvo’s catalyst (0.5 mol%) , the respective alcohol (if solid, 1.2 eq. ) and the respective amino acid (1.0 eq. ) were added to an oven dried microwave vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar. The microwave vial was sealed and evacuated / backfilled with N2 (3x) . Trifluoroethanol (not dried, 1.0 M) and the respective alcohol (if liquid, 1.2 eq. ) were added. For highly viscous alcohols, a stock solution in trifluoroethanol was prepared and subsequently transferred to the reaction vial. The reaction mixture was stirred at 90 ℃ for 24 h. Volatile compounds were removed under reduced pressure and the crude product was further purified by silica gel column chromatography.
[0076] General procedure for alkylation of amino acids other than glycine and proline (GP3) :
[0077] Shvo’s catalyst (0.5 mol%) , the respective alcohol (if solid, 4.0 eq. ) and the respective amino acid (1.0 eq. ) were added to an oven dried microwave vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar. The microwave vial was sealed and evacuated / backfilled with N2 (3x) . Trifluoroethanol (not dried, 0.2 M) and the respective alcohol (if liquid, 4.0 eq. ) were added. For highly viscous alcohols, a stock solution in trifluoroethanol was prepared and subsequently transferred to the reaction vial. The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 24 h. Volatile compounds were removed under reduced pressure and the crude product was further purified by silica gel column chromatography.
[0078] Preparation of N, N-dihexylalanine (AlaC6)
[0079] The title compound was prepared according to GP3 on a 10 mmol scale and was obtained after silica gel chromatography (CH2Cl2: MeOH 95: 5 -> 9: 1) as an off-white solid (0.708 g, 2.750 mmol, 26%) .
[0080] 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 6.58 (bs, 1H) , 3.60 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.11 –3.03 (m, 2H) , 2.96 –2.87 (m, 2H) , 1.77 –1.69 (m, 2H) , 1.67 –1.57 (m, 2H) , 1.47 (d, J= 7.1 Hz, 3H) , 1.35 –1.23 (m, 12H) , 0.87 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 6H) .
[0081] 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 170.8, 62.9, 51.1, 31.4, 26.7, 24.3, 22.6, 14.0, 12.6.
[0082] HRMS (ESI) m / z calc. for [C15H31NO2H] ( [M+H+·] ) 258.2428, found 258.2426.
[0083] Preparation of N, N-dioctylalanine (AlaC8)
[0084] The title compound was prepared to GP3 on a 10 mmol scale was obtained after silica gel chromatography (CH2Cl2: MeOH 1: 0 -> 10: 1) as an off-white solid (2.310 g, 7.368 mmol, 74%) .
[0085] 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 9.07 (bs, 1H) , 3.54 (q, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 3.08 –2.96 (m, 2H) , 2.94 –2.81 (m, 2H) , 1.73 –1.48 (m, 4H) , 1.39 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H) , 1.29 –1.02 (m, 20H) , 0.78 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H) .
[0086] 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 170.7, 62.7, 50.9, 31.6, 29.1, 29.1, 26.9, 24.0, 22.5, 14.0, 12.8.
[0087] HRMS (ESI) m / z calc. for [C19H39NO2H] ( [M+H+·] ) 314.3054, found 314.3058.
[0088] Preparation of N, N-didodecylalanine (AlaC12)
[0089] The title compound was prepared to GP3 on a 2 mmol scale was obtained after silica gel chromatography (CH2Cl2: MeOH 1: 0 -> 9: 1) as an off-white solid (0.343 g, 1.196 mmol, 40%) .
[0090] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 8.53 (bs, 1H) , 3.57 (q, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.12 –3.00 (m, 2H) , 2.91 (m, 2H) , 1.81 –1.52 (m, 4H) , 1.45 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H) , 1.35 –1.11 (m, 36H) , 0.85 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H) .
[0091] 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 170.7, 62.9, 32.0, 29.7, 29.6, 29.6, 29.4, 29.3, 27.0, 22.8, 14.2, 12.8.
[0092] (Note: Three 13C signals are overlapping with other 13C signals and cannot be distinguished. )
[0093] HRMS (ESI) m / z calc. for [C27H55NO2H] ( [M+H+·] ) 426.4311, found 426.4300.
[0094] Preparation of N, N-dioctylproline (ProC8)
[0095] The title compound was prepared according to GP2 on a 25 mmol scale and was obtained after silica gel chromatography (CH2Cl2: MeOH 1: 0 -> 1: 1) as an off-white solid (4.305 g, 18.935 mmol, 76%) .
[0096] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 8.49 (bs, 1H) , 4.02 –3.92 (m, 1H) , 3.76 –3.58 (m, 1H) , 3.20 –3.08 (m, 1H) , 3.02 –2.90 (m, 1H) , 2.83 –2.72 (m, 1H) , 2.39 –2.24 (m, 1H) , 2.22 –2.12 (m, 1H) , 2.02 –1.90 (m, 2H) , 1.77 –1.63 (m, 2H) , 1.33 –1.11 (m, 10H) , 0.80 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H) .
[0097] 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 170.4, 69.9, 55.8, 54.9, 31.7, 29.5, 29.2, 29.1, 26.8, 25.9, 23.5, 22.6, 14.1.
[0098] HRMS (ESI) m / z calc. for [C13H25NO2Na] ( [M+Na+·] ) 250.1778, found 250.1779.
[0099] Preparation of N6-acetyl-N2, N2-dioctyllysine (LysC8)
[0100] The title compound was prepared according to GP3 on a 5 mmol scale and was obtained after silica gel chromatography (CH2Cl2: MeOH 1: 0 -> 5: 1) as an off-white solid (1.798 g, 4.357 mmol, 87%) .
[0101] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 9.24 (bs, 1H) , 7.03 (bs, 1H) , 3.42 –3.34 (m, 1H) , 3.25 –2.83 (m, 6H) , 1.90 (s, 3H) , 1.78 –1.32 (m, 10H) , 1.31 –1.09 (m, 20H) , 0.79 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 6H) .
[0102] 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ =170.6, 170.2, 67.3, 50.4, 38.8, 31.6, 29.1, 29.1, 28.9, 26.9, 26.6, 24.1, 23.6, 23.1, 22.5, 14.0.
[0103] HRMS (ESI) m / z calc. for [C32H64N2O3H] ( [M+H+·] ) 525.4995, found 525.4987.
[0104] Preparation of N6-acetyl-N2, N2-didodecyllysine (LysC12)
[0105] The title compound was prepared to GP3 on a 2 mmol scale was obtained after silica gel chromatography (CH2Cl2: MeOH 90: 10 -> 85: 15) as an off-white solid (0.628 g, 1.196 mmol, 60%) .
[0106] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ =6.82 (bs, 1H) , 3.45 –3.38 (m, 1H) , 3.25 –3.16 (m, 2H) , 3.14 –2.90 (m, 4H) , 1.95 (s, 3H) , 1.83 –1.39 (m, 10H) , 1.34 –1.15 (m, 36H) , 0.85 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H) .
[0107] 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 170.7, 170.1, 67.5, 38.8, 32.0, 29.7, 29.7, 29.6, 29.6, 29.4, 29.3, 29.0, 27.4, 27.0, 26.5, 24.2, 23.7, 23.3, 22.8, 14.2
[0108] HRMS (ESI) m / z calc. for [C24H48N2O3H] ( [M+H+·] ) 413.3738, found 413.3743.
[0109] Preparation of N, N-dioctylvaline (ValC8)
[0110] The title compound was prepared according to GP3 on a 10 mmol scale and was obtained after silica gel chromatography (CH2Cl2: MeOH 1: 0 -> 10: 1) as an off-white solid (0.880 g, 2.576 mmol, 26%) .
[0111] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 9.77 (bs, 1H) , 3.25 (d, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H) , 2.98 –2.69 (m, 4H) , 2.16 –1.96 (m, 1H) , 1.64 –1.47 (m, 4H) , 1.32 –1.19 (m, 22H) , 1.10 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H) , 0.97 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H) , 0.85 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 6H) .
[0112] 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 170.9, 72.1, 50.2, 32.1, 29.3, 27.0, 26.6, 25.1, 22.6, 20.6, 18.2, 14.1.
[0113] HRMS (ESI) m / z calc. for [C21H43NO2H] ( [M+H+·] ) 342.3367, found 342.3371.
[0114] Preparation of N, N-dioctylleucine (LeuC8)
[0115] The title compound was prepared according to GP3 on a 10 mmol scale and was obtained after silica gel chromatography (CH2Cl2: MeOH 1: 0 -> 10: 1) as an off-white solid (0.870 g, 2.447 mmol, 24%) .
[0116] 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 6.43 (bs, 1H) , 3.47 (dd, J = 10.2, 4.1Hz, 1H) , 3.05 –2.99 (m, 2H) , 2.94 –2.88 (m, 2H) , 2.02 –1.92 (m, 1H) , 1.90–1.83 (m, 1H) , 1.73 –1.56 (m, 4H) , 1.35 –1.20 (m, 21H) , 0.99 –0.93 (m, 6H) , 0.87 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 6H) .
[0117] 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 170.8, 66.0, 50.9, 36.2, 31.8, 29.3, 29.2, 27.0, 25.8, 24.6, 23.8, 22.7, 21.9, 14.2.
[0118] HRMS (ESI) m / z calc. for [C22H45NO2H] ( [M+H+·] ) 356.3523, found 356.3527.
[0119] Preparation of N, N-dioctylphenylalanine (PheC8)
[0120] The title compound was prepared according to GP3 on a 10 mmol scale and was obtained after silica gel chromatography (CH2Cl2: MeOH 1: 0 -> 10: 1) as an off-white solid (2.980 g, 7.645 mmol, 76%) .
[0121] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 8.87 (bs, 1H) , 7.24 –7.16 (m, 4H) , 7.16 –7.04 (m, 1H) , 3.82 (dd, J = 8.2, 5.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.58 –3.46 (m, 1H) , 2.96 –2.84 (m, 3H) , 2.72 –2.61 (m, 2H) , 1.53 (m, 2H) , 1.46 –1.32 (m, 2H) , 1.24 –1.06 (m, 20H) , 0.77 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 6H) .
[0122] 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 170.6, 138.2, 128.9, 128.8, 126.9, 67.7, 52.0, 33.8, 31.8, 29.2, 26.9, 25.3, 22.7, 14.1.
[0123] (Note: One 13C signal is overlapping with another 13C signal and cannot be distinguished. )
[0124] HRMS (ESI) m / z calc. for [C25H43NO2H] ( [M+H+·] ) 390.3367, found 390.3372.
[0125] Preparation of N, N-dioctylglycine (GlyC8)
[0126] The title compound was prepared according to GP1 on a 15mmol scale and was obtained after silica gel chromatography (CH2Cl2: MeOH 1: 0 -> 5: 1) as an off-white solid (3.774 g, 12.602 mmol, 84%) .
[0127] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 8.32 (bs, 1H) , 3.48 (s, 2H) , 3.10–3.02 (m, 4H) , 1.73 –1.63 (m, 4H) , 1.35 –1.15 (m, 20H) , 0.85 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 6H) .
[0128] 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 167.7, 56.1, 54.0, 31.7, 29.1, 29.1, 26.8, 23.8, 22.6, 14.0.
[0129] HRMS (ESI) m / z calc. for [C18H37NO2H] ( [M+H+·] ) 300.2897, found 300.2893.
[0130] Example 1
[0131] Minimal surface tension, CMC and foaming properties of AlaC8 in an aqueous solution with pH=9 were tested. The test results are listed in Table 1.
[0132] Examples 2-4
[0133] Minimal surface tension, CMC and foaming properties of LysC8 in aqueous solutions with different pH values were tested. The test results are listed in Table 1.
[0134] Comparative Example 1
[0135] Minimal surface tension, CMC and foaming properties of AlaC6 in an aqueous solution with pH=9 were tested. The test results are listed in Table 1.
[0136] Comparative Example 2
[0137] Minimal surface tension, CMC and foaming properties of AlaC12 in an aqueous solution with pH=9 were tested. The test results are listed in Table 1.
[0138] Comparative Example 3
[0139] Minimal surface tension, CMC and foaming properties of ProC8 in an aqueous solution with pH=9 were tested. The test results are listed in Table 1.
[0140] Comparative Example 4
[0141] Minimal surface tension, CMC and foaming properties of LysC12 in an aqueous solution with pH=9 were tested. The test results are listed in Table 1.
[0142] Comparative Example 5
[0143] Minimal surface tension, CMC and foaming properties of ValC8 in an aqueous solution with pH=9 were tested. The test results are listed in Table 1.
[0144] Comparative Example 6
[0145] Minimal surface tension, CMC and foaming properties of LeuC8 in an aqueous solution with pH=9 were tested. The test results are listed in Table 1.
[0146] Comparative Example 7
[0147] Minimal surface tension, CMC and foaming properties of PheC8 in an aqueous solution with pH=9 were tested. The test results are listed in Table 1.
[0148] Comparative Example 8
[0149] Minimal surface tension, CMC and foaming properties of GlyC8 in an aqueous solution with pH=9 were tested. The test results are listed in Table 1.
[0150] CMC Determination
[0151] The critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined by pending drop tensiometry using a Bioline Theta Lite Optical Tensiometer. For sample preparation, a stock solution of the surfactant was prepared by suspending the surfactant in deionized water, addition of conc. aqueous NaOH or aqueous HCl solution -depending on the indicated pH at which the measurement was taken –and vigorous shaking. Once all solids or droplets were dissolved, the pH was adjusted by addition of a 1M aqueous solution of NaOH or HCl, while the pH value was checked using a pH meter. Subsequently, the stock solution was diluted to various concentrations by addition of an aqueous solution with pH= 5, 7 or 9, respectively. All tensiometric measurements were performed as triplicates, using their mean value as the surface tension for CMC determination. The CMC was determined by plotting the surface tension against the surfactant concentration and calculation of the intersection between the regression curve corresponding to the lower plateau of the s-shaped curve and the regression curve corresponding to the slope of the s-shaped curve.
[0152] Foaming Analysis
[0153] The foaming behavior of the surfactants was analyzed by means of their foaming height h0 and their foaming half-life time t1 / 2. These values were determined as follows: A stock solution of the surfactant with concentration above the CMC was prepared. 0.5 mL of this solution were transferred into a 4 mL screw cap vial. The vial was shaken for 10 s using a Vortex Genie 2 on highest intensity. Subsequently, each vial was immediately positioned in front of a LED backlight screen and a photo was taken using a Dino Lite Digital Microscope. Over the course of 120 min, one picture was taken per minute. All samples were measured as triplicates. All pictures were analyzed using the software ImageJ. The initial foaming height h0 is defined as the ratio between the height of the foam at t = 0 min hfoam and the overall height of the vial hvial. The half-life time is defined as the time, after which hfoam has reached half of its value, e.g. hfoam1 / 2.
[0154] According to Examples 1-2 and Comparative examples 1, 2 and 4, C8 amino acids have lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) than short chain (C6) and long chain (C12) amino acids when surface tension values ranging from 25 to 35 mN / m. It shows the N, N-di-alkylated amino acid having the general formula (I) has better surfactant properties.
[0155] According to Examples 1-2 and Comparative example 3, AlaC8 and LysC8 have lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) than ProC8 when surface tension values ranging from 25 to 35 mN / m. It also shows the N, N-di-alkylated amino acid having the general formula (I) has better surfactant properties.
[0156] It is shown by Examples 2-4 that the N, N-di-alkylated amino acid having the general formula (I) has a low surface tension, exhibits good foaming ability and is stable in acidic and basic media.
[0157] Comparative examples 5-8 show that some N, N-di-alkylated amino acids have no solubility in water and can’t be used as surfactants.
Claims
1.Use of a N, N-di-alkylated amino acid having the general formula (I) as surfactant, wherein:- R1 is a C1-C10 linear alkyl group, optionally substituted by an acetamido group;- R2 and R3, same or different, are independently C7-C11 alkyl group, which is optionally interrupted by one or several heteroatom (s) .2.Use according to claim 1, wherein R1 is a C1-C8 linear alkyl group, preferably C1-C6 linear alkyl group and more preferably C1-C4 linear alkyl group.3.Use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein R2 and R3, same or different, are independently C8-C10 alkyl group and more preferably independently C8-C9 alkyl group.4.Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the N, N-di-alkylated amino acid has the general formula (II) or (III) wherein R2 and R3 have the same meanings as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3.5.Use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the N, N-di-alkylated amino acid having the general formula (I) has a critical micelle concentration (CMC) lower than 0.2 wt. %, preferably lower than 0.09 wt. %in an aqueous solution having a pH value ranging from 5 to 9.6.Use according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the N, N-di-alkylated amino acid having the general formula (I) has a plateau value of a minimal surface tension of 25 to 35 mN / m, preferably 25 to 30 mN / m and more preferably 25 to 28 mN / m in an aqueous solution having a pH value ranging from 5 to 9.7.Use according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the N, N-di-alkylated amino acid having the general formula (I) is produced from a sustainable biomass-based amino acid.8.A method for reducing the surface tension of a liquid, comprising contacting a N, N-di-alkylated amino acid having the general formula (I) with the liquid, wherein:- R1 is a C1-C10 linear alkyl group, optionally substituted by an acetamido group;- R2 and R3, same or different, are independently C7-C11 alkyl group, which is optionally interrupted by one or several heteroatom (s) .9.The method according to claim 8, wherein the liquid comprises water and the pH value of the liquid is from 8.5 to 9.5.10.The method according to claim 9, wherein the pH value of the liquid is equal to 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, or 9.5 or any range obtained between these values.11.The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein R1 is a C1-C8 linear alkyl group, preferably C1-C6 linear alkyl group and more preferaly C1-C4 linear alkyl group.12.The method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein R2 and R3, same or different, are independently C8-C10 alkyl group and more preferably independently C8-C9 alkyl group.13.The method according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the N, N-di-alkylated amino acid has the general formula (II) or (III) wherein R2 and R3 have the same meanings as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3.14.A surfactant composition comprising a N, N-di-alkylated amino acid having the general formula (I) , wherein:- R1 is a C1-C10 linear alkyl group, optionally substituted by an acetamido group;- R2 and R3, same or different, are independently C7-C11 alkyl group, which is optionally interrupted by one or several heteroatom (s) .15.The surfactant composition according to claim 14, wherein the composition comprises water.
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