Five-stroke engine

Abstract

A positive displacement internal combustion engine. The engine operates through an intake process, an air compression and storage process, a pre-expansion combustion power output process, an expansion power output process, and an exhaust process. In the air compression and storage process, an intake cavity (9, 112) is periodically in communication with an air compression and storage cavity (18, 113), and the volume of the intake cavity (9, 112) decreases while the volume of the air compression and storage cavity (18, 113) increases. In the pre-expansion combustion power output process, the air compression and storage cavity (18, 113) is periodically in communication with a pre-expansion cavity (16, 114), the volume of the air compression and storage cavity (18, 113) decreases while the volume of the pre-expansion cavity (16, 114) increases, and fuel and air mix and combust in an approximately isobaric process. In the expansion power output process, the pre-expansion cavity (16, 114) is periodically in communication with an expansion cavity (10, 115), and the volume of the pre-expansion cavity (16, 114) decreases while the volume of the expansion cavity (10, 115) increases. The above processes can be implemented by a reciprocating piston-connecting rod mechanism or a plug-type rotary positive displacement mechanism. The isobaric combustion reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas, and lowers the mechanical loads, thereby increasing the efficiency of the internal combustion engine.

Description

Five-stroke engine Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of internal combustion engines. Background Technology

[0002] Internal combustion engines are currently mainly gas turbines and reciprocating engines. Gas turbines require high-speed operation, and large gas turbines have good power applications, but the compressor consumes a lot of energy. Reciprocating engines generate high temperature and pressure during detonation, which is accompanied by the production of nitrogen oxides. The combustion time is short and the conditions are harsh. Incomplete combustion produces hydrocarbons and particulate matter. Detonation generates high pressure and high mechanical load. These factors limit the compression ratio and also limit the improvement of thermal efficiency. Technical issues

[0003] The combustion of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine is a violent combustion in a short period of time, producing high-temperature and high-pressure gas that drives the piston to do work. At the same time, the mechanical load is high during the instantaneous combustion, and nitrogen oxides are generated along with the high temperature and pressure. The compression ratio is limited by mechanical load, thermal load, and emissions, which in turn affects the improvement of thermal efficiency. The gas turbine cycle can only operate at high speed and the pressure ratio cannot be too high. Technical solutions

[0004] The engine's thermodynamic cycle is divided into five processes: intake, compression and storage, combustion and pre-expansion, expansion and power, and exhaust. This cycle is called a five-stroke engine.

[0005] Five-stroke engines use a process where fuel and air are mixed and burned simultaneously in a near-isotropic or depressurized manner. This results in complete combustion, controllable combustion temperature, and good emissions. The absence of the traditional reciprocating combustion process reduces mechanical load and lowers the strength requirements for components. The mechanical structure can be implemented in both reciprocating and rotary modes.

[0006] Air intake is achieved by increasing the volume of the intake chamber (hereinafter referred to as the intake compression chamber) in conjunction with a valve (hereinafter referred to as the intake valve) or an air port (hereinafter referred to as the intake port) to communicate with the outside at regular intervals. The intake compression chamber starts to increase in size from its smallest size, then the intake valve or the intake port opens to communicate with the outside, and then gradually increases in size to draw in air from the outside. When the intake compression chamber reaches its maximum size or after a certain period of time, the intake valve or the intake port closes, and the intake compression chamber is filled with air, completing the air intake process.

[0007] The compression and storage process involves periodically connecting the intake compression chamber with a small chamber (hereinafter referred to as the storage chamber) whose maximum volume varies from a fraction to a few tens of times the maximum volume of the intake compression chamber.

[0008] After the intake process is completed, then the intake compression chamber and the storage chamber are communicated, the volume of the intake compression chamber changes from large to small, the volume of the storage chamber changes from small to large, the total volume of the two chambers is small, that is, the gas is compressed, when the volume of the intake compression chamber is the smallest and the volume of the storage chamber is the largest, the front and rear intake compression chambers and the storage chamber are separated, the compression storage process is completed, at this time most of the gas is stored in the storage chamber.

[0009] The combustion pre-expansion working process is realized by the storage chamber and a cavity with a maximum volume ratio larger than the maximum volume of the storage chamber and changing (hereinafter referred to as the pre-expansion chamber).

[0010] After the compression storage process is completed, then the storage chamber and the pre-expansion chamber are communicated, the volume of the storage chamber changes from large to small, the volume of the pre-expansion chamber changes from small to large, the total volume of the two chambers gradually changes from small to large, the compressed gas is transferred from the storage chamber to the pre-expansion chamber through the channel of the two chambers, fuel is injected in the channel of the two chambers in time and the air is heated by ignition or spontaneous combustion, the fuel is injected in proportion according to (compressed air flow, temperature, power load) in time, so that the pressure of the two chambers is basically kept slightly larger, unchanged or smaller to ensure the gas flow from the storage chamber to the pre-expansion chamber, the combustion pre-expansion working process is completed when the volume of the storage chamber is the smallest and the volume of the pre-expansion chamber is the largest, at this time the storage chamber and the pre-expansion chamber are separated.

[0011] The total volume of the combustion pre-expansion working process storage chamber volume and the pre-expansion chamber volume is gradually increased, and the gas is heated and expanded to work.

[0012] The expansion working process is realized by the pre-expansion chamber and a cavity with a maximum volume ratio larger than the maximum volume of the pre-expansion chamber and larger than the maximum volume of the intake compression chamber and changing (hereinafter referred to as the expansion chamber).

[0013] After the combustion pre-expansion working process is completed, then the pre-expansion chamber and the expansion chamber are communicated, the volume of the pre-expansion chamber changes from large to small, the volume of the expansion chamber changes from small to large, the total volume of the two chambers gradually changes from small to large, that is, the hot gas expands, when the volume of the pre-expansion chamber is the smallest and the volume of the expansion chamber is the largest, or when the expansion chamber pressure is reduced to the outside pressure, the exhaust valve or exhaust port is opened, the expansion working process is completed, when the volume of the pre-expansion chamber is the smallest, the pre-expansion chamber and the expansion chamber are separated.

[0014] The total volume of the expansion working process pre-expansion chamber volume and the expansion chamber volume is gradually increased, and the pre-expansion combustion heated gas continues to expand to work.

[0015] The exhaust process is realized by the volume of the expansion chamber becoming smaller and cooperating with the timing valve or gas port to realize the timing communication with the outside.

[0016] After the expansion working process is completed, then the expansion chamber is communicated with the outside, the volume of the expansion chamber gradually changes from large to small, when the volume of the expansion chamber becomes the smallest, the exhaust gas is discharged to the outside to complete the intake process, at this time the timing valve or gas port is closed and separated from the outside.

[0017] With the cycle of the process of intake, compression, combustion, expansion, exhaust, the chemical energy of the fuel is constantly converted into mechanical energy.

[0018] The compression process described above can also be completed by multi-stage compression, that is, the gas in the gas storage cavity is compressed to a smaller secondary gas storage cavity through a gas storage compression process, so as to achieve a high compression ratio. Advantages

[0019] The isobaric combustion process is long, liquid and gaseous fuels can be used, and it is also suitable for fuels that are difficult to burn. The isobaric combustion process is long, the exhaust gas is fully combusted, and the particulate matter is small. The isobaric combustion temperature is not very high and can be controlled below the critical temperature of nitrogen oxide production, and the nitrogen oxide is small. High compression ratio can be used to improve the efficiency of power. The internal plug five-stroke power has small volume and high power density. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1: Principle diagram of embodiment 1

[0021] Figure 2: Principle diagram of embodiment 2

[0022] Figure 3: Structure explosion diagram of embodiment 3

[0023] Figure 4: Structure front view of embodiment 3

[0024] Figure 5: Structure A-A sectional view of embodiment 3

[0025] Figure 6: Structure B-B and initial position sectional view of embodiment 3

[0026] Figure 7: Structure C-C sectional view of embodiment 3

[0027] Figure 8: Structure D-D sectional view of embodiment 3

[0028] Figure 9: Partial enlarged view of structure D-D of embodiment 3

[0029] Figure 10: Structure E-E sectional view of embodiment 3

[0030] Figure 11: Structure F-F sectional view of embodiment 3

[0031] Figure 12: Structure G-G sectional view of embodiment 3

[0032] Figure 13: Structure front view of embodiment 4

[0033] Figure 14: Structure explosion diagram of embodiment 4

[0034] Figure 15: Structure J-J sectional view of embodiment 4

[0035] Figure 16: Structure K-K sectional view of embodiment 4

[0036] Figure 17: Partial enlarged view of K-K section view of structure of embodiment 4

[0037] Figure 18: K-K section view of structure of embodiment 4 rotated 90 degrees

[0038] Figure 19: L-L section view of structure of embodiment 4

[0039] Figure 20: M-M section view of structure of embodiment 4

[0040] Figure 21: N-N section view of structure of embodiment 4

[0041] Figure 22: O-O section view of structure of embodiment 4

[0042] Figure 23: Schematic diagram of structure of embodiment 4, two-poppet, three-poppet

[0043] Figure 24: Schematic diagram of synchronous belt drive of embodiment 4 Best embodiment 1 of the invention

[0044] Figures 13 to 22 are an inner-poppet rotor five-stroke engine. The engine is composed of a main rotor 86, a poppet rotor 85, a half-circular shell 87, a curved shell 88, gear chambers 81 and 82 connected to the main rotor 86, a central gear 83 inside the gear chambers, an idler gear 92, a poppet rotor gear 84, a gear end cover 80, an output end cover 91, a poppet rotor end cover 90, an air passage block 89, an ignition plug 93, a fuel injection head 94. The poppet rotor 85 is embedded in the main rotor, with one end connected to the poppet rotor gear 84 and the other end with bearings in the poppet rotor end cover 90, which is fixed to the main rotor 86.

[0045] The main rotor 86 has four concave grooves (the outer diameters of the grooves are equal), and the corresponding poppet rotor 85 also has four curved concave grooves (the cross sections are the same).

[0046] The inner surface of the curved shell 88 is composed of symmetrical curved sections 116, large circular arc sections on both sides, and a central circular arc section. The cross section of the curved surface is the same, the large circular arc sections have the same radius as the inner half-circular surface of the half-circular shell, and the radius of the central circular arc section is slightly larger than the radius of the concave groove of the main rotor 86.

[0047] After the half-circular shell 87 and the curved shell 88 are joined together, there are five concave grooves, which have a matching gap with the axial edges of the four concave grooves of the main rotor. The main rotor 86, the poppet rotor 85, the half-circular shell 87, and the curved shell 88 form four cavities (intake compression cavity 112, gas storage cavity 113, pre-expansion cavity 114, and expansion cavity 115), with the size relationship being expansion cavity 115 > intake compression cavity 112 > pre-expansion cavity 114 > gas storage cavity 113.

[0048] The center gear 82 is fixed on the gear end cover 80, and the gear system makes the cock rotor 85 rotate at the same speed and in the opposite direction relative to the main rotor 86. During rotation, the outer circular surface of the cock rotor 85 is tangent to the inner circular surface of the semicircular shell 87, the concave groove edge of the cock rotor slides through the curved surface segment 116 of the curved surface shell, and the two side edges of the center circular arc segment of the curved surface shell 88 slide through the outer curved surface segment 117 of the concave groove of the cock rotor.

[0049] There are holes (air inlet 95, 97, 99, 101, and air outlet 96, 98, 100, 102) on both sides of the center circular arc segment of the curved surface shell 88. The air inlet 95 and the air outlet 102 are connected to the outside world, the air outlet 96 and the air inlet 97 are connected through the channel 109 on the air passage block 89, the air outlet 98 and the air inlet 99 are connected through the channel 110 on the air passage block 89, and the air outlet 100 and the air inlet 101 are connected through the channel 111 on the air passage block 89. The air passage block 89 is provided with a fuel injection head 94 and a spark plug 93 and extends into the channel 111.

[0050] When assembling, the concave groove of the cock rotor 85 is opposite to the center circular arc segment of the curved surface shell 88, and the center gear 82 is fixed. This position is called the initial position.

[0051] The working process of the internal cock rotor five-stroke engine is as follows:

[0052] The air inlet process: when the concave groove of the cock rotor 85 is opposite to the center circular arc segment of the curved surface shell 88, the concave groove of the cock rotor 85 and the curved surface shell 88 have a cavity 112-95 and a cavity 112-96 in the air inlet compression cavity 112 segment. The cavity 112-95 is connected to the air inlet 95, and the cavity 112-96 is connected to the air outlet 96. Then the main rotor 86 rotates clockwise, and the cock rotor 85 rotates counterclockwise at the same speed relative to the main rotor (as shown in FIG. 16). The cavity 112-95 becomes larger, and air is sucked in from the air inlet 95. FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the main rotor rotating by 90 degrees. The main rotor 86 rotates almost one circle, and the concave groove edge of the cock rotor 85 (the lower edge of the intersection line between the circular arc surface of the cock rotor 85 and the curved surface is called the front edge, and the upper edge is called the rear edge) just slides through the air inlet 95. At this time, the cavity 112-95 is converted into a closed air inlet compression cavity 112 to complete the air inlet process, and a new cavity 112-95 is formed to start the next air inlet process.

[0053] Compression process: as shown in Fig. 16, Fig. 19, when the rear edge of the recess of the plug rotor 85 just slides to the outlet 96, the outlet 96 is communicated with the closed inlet compression cavity 112, the inlet compression cavity 112 is changed into the cavity 112-96 (the cavity 112-96 in the previous inlet process is ignored, considered to be disappeared), at this time, the front edge of the recess of the plug rotor 85 just slides through the inlet 97, the recess of the plug rotor 85 and the curved shell 88 form a cavity (hereinafter referred to as the cavity 113-97) at the inlet 97 of the storage cavity 113, the cavity 112-96 and the cavity 113-97 are communicated through the outlet 96, the inlet 97 and the channel 109;

[0054] With the continuous rotation of the main rotor 86, the cavity 112-96 gradually becomes smaller, the cavity 113-97 gradually becomes larger, and the total volume of the two cavities becomes smaller, so that the gas is compressed. After the front edge of the recess of the plug rotor 85 slides through the inlet 97 again (at this time, the rear edge of the recess of the plug rotor 85 is still a little away from the channel 98 in the storage cavity 113), the cavity 113-97 is changed into the storage cavity 113, and a small part of the gas in the outlet 96, the inlet 97 and the channel 109 participates in the next compression process. The recess of the plug rotor 85 and the curved shell 88 form a new cavity 113-97 at the inlet 97 of the storage cavity 113 again. The compression process can be two-stage compression to obtain high pressure and temperature to make the fuel self-ignite, and high thermal efficiency; the corresponding main rotor 86 has five recesses (the outer diameters of the recesses are equal), the corresponding plug rotor 85 also has five curved recesses, and the corresponding semicircular shell 87 and the curved shell 88 have six recesses after being matched.

[0055] Combustion pre-expansion work process: as shown in Fig. 19, Fig. 20, when the rear edge of the recess of the plug rotor 85 just slides to the outlet 98, the outlet 98 is communicated with the closed storage cavity 113, the storage cavity 113 is changed into the cavity 113-98 (the cavity 113-98 in the previous combustion pre-expansion work process can be ignored, considered to be disappeared), at this time, the front edge of the recess of the plug rotor 85 just slides through the inlet 99, the recess of the plug rotor 85 and the curved shell 88 form a cavity (hereinafter referred to as the cavity 114-99) at the inlet 99 of the pre-expansion cavity 114, the cavity 113-98 and the cavity 114-99 are communicated through the outlet 98, the inlet 99 and the channel 110;

[0056] With the main rotor 86 continues to rotate the cavity 113-98 gradually smaller, the cavity 114-99 gradually larger, the total volume is larger, the passage 110 on the fuel nozzle 94 and ignition plug 93 (two-stage compression fuel can be self-ignition can be omitted), the compressed gas flow to the fuel nozzle and the injected fuel mixture before the heated high temperature ignition plug ignition, fuel injection according to the cavity 113-98 and the cavity 114-99 pre-expansion ratio according to the needs of the fuel control fuel flow and according to the power load control cycle injection total amount, the plug rotor 85 concave front edge again after the air inlet 99 (at this time the plug rotor 85 concave rear edge in the pre-expansion cavity 114 section is still a little bit slip to the air outlet 100) cavity 114-99 into the pre-expansion cavity 114, a small part in the air outlet 98, 99 air inlet passage 110 involved in the next pre-expansion process, the plug rotor 85 concave and curved shell 88 in the pre-expansion cavity 114 section air inlet 99 again form a new cavity 114-99.

[0057] Expansion process: as shown in Figure 20, Figure 21 expansion process and combustion pre-expansion work process compared to less fuel injection and ignition, is close to the process of adiabatic expansion. With the main rotor 86 continues to rotate, the plug rotor 85 concave rear edge just slip to the air outlet 100 when the air outlet 100 and the closed pre-expansion cavity 114, the pre-expansion cavity 114 into the cavity 114-100 (the last expansion process cavity 114-100 can be ignored, considered to disappear), at this time the plug rotor 85 concave front edge just slip through the air inlet 101, the plug rotor 85 concave and curved shell 88 in the expansion cavity 115 section air inlet 101 form a cavity (hereinafter referred to as the cavity 115-101), the cavity 114-100 and the cavity 115-101 through the air outlet 100, 101 air inlet passage 111 communication;

[0058] With the main rotor 86 continues to rotate the cavity 114-100 gradually smaller, the cavity 115-101 gradually larger, the total volume is larger, the plug rotor 85 concave front edge again after the air inlet 101 (at this time the plug rotor 85 concave rear edge in the expansion cavity 115 section is still a little bit slip to the air outlet 102) cavity 115-101 into the closed expansion cavity 115, a small part in the air outlet 100, 101 air inlet passage 111 involved in the next expansion process, the plug rotor 85 concave and curved shell 88 in the expansion cavity 115 section air inlet 101 again form a new cavity 115-101.

[0059] Exhaust process: As the main rotor 86 continues to rotate, the rear edge of the cock rotor 85 concave table just slip to the air outlet 102, the expansion chamber 115 with the air outlet 102, the air outlet 102 is communicated with the outside, and then the expansion chamber 115 gradually becomes smaller to the rear edge of the cock rotor 85 concave table slip to the air outlet 102 again to complete the exhaust process, the exhaust gas is discharged to the outside.

[0060] With the continuous rotation of the main rotor 86 and the cock rotor 85, the embodiment 4 alternately and alternately performs the above-mentioned five processes, and continuously converts the chemical energy of fuel into mechanical energy.

[0061] The cock rotor of embodiment 1 can be N (N≥2), and the corresponding shell is a "1 / N ring cylinder body" composed of N central symmetrical curved surface protrusions and air inlet and air outlet. The main rotor and the shell form N air inlet compression chambers, N gas storage chambers, N pre-expansion chambers and N expansion chambers. Each "1 / N ring cylinder body" has an air passage block, and the air passage block has three air passages, one of which has a fuel nozzle and an ignition plug. The three air passages of the air passage block are respectively connected with the air outlet of the air inlet compression chamber, the air inlet of the gas storage chamber, the air outlet of the gas storage chamber, the air inlet of the pre-expansion chamber and the air inlet of the expansion chamber. They are evenly distributed around the main rotor shaft. A fixed central gear and N idler gears in the gear chamber drive the N gear of the cock rotor. Under the drive of the gear, the relative rotation speed ratio of the cock rotor and the central rotor is -N (the rotation directions of the two are opposite). As shown in Figure 23, the power simultaneously performs N air inlet, compression, gas storage, combustion, pre-expansion, work, expansion and exhaust circulation.

[0062] When the number of cock rotors of embodiment 1 is N≥3 and the outer diameter of the cock rotor is 1 / N of the diameter of the inner large cylindrical surface of the shell, the cock rotor rolls on the inner large cylindrical surface of the shell during operation. The gap can be made to transition fit to reduce gas leakage at this position.

[0063] The gear train of embodiment 1 can also be driven by a synchronous belt. As shown in Figure 24, from right to left are single cock rotor, double cock rotor and triple cock rotor drive schematic diagram: the synchronous belt 121 passes through the fixed pulley 118 and the cock rotor drive wheel 119, and is pressed by the tension pulley 120; the double cock rotor increases the idler gear 122; the tension pulley 120 and the idler gear 122 are fixed on the main rotor.

[0064] The fuel nozzle and ignition plug on the air passage of embodiment 1 are replaced by a heat exchanger. The gas discharged from the gas storage chamber is heated when passing through the heat exchanger, which can be used as an external combustion engine; the hot air after heat circulation can be used as combustion-supporting gas. Embodiment of the application

[0065] Embodiment 2:

[0066] As Fig.1 is a reciprocating five-stroke engine. The engine has: long crank connecting rod slider mechanism (1, 3, 5), short crank connecting rod slider mechanism (2, 4, 6) connected with long crank on the same shaft, large piston connected with slider 5, small piston connected with slider 6, large cylinder liner 8, small cylinder liner 17, cylinder head at both ends of the cylinder liner, air valve 11 on the cylinder head without piston rod end of the large cylinder liner, air valve 7 and air valve 21 on the cylinder head with piston rod end of the large cylinder liner, air valve 13 on the cylinder head without piston rod end of the small cylinder liner, air valve 19 on the cylinder head with piston rod end of the small cylinder liner, air passage 12, air passage 15, air passage 20, fuel nozzle 14.

[0067] The working process is: as the long crank 1 rotates, when the large piston slider assembly 5 reaches the bottom dead center, the large piston and the cylinder liner 8 form a lower cavity, i.e. the intake compression chamber 9, which has the smallest volume, then the large piston slider assembly 5 moves upward, the intake compression chamber 9 becomes larger, the valve 7 opens, the valve 21 closes, and air enters from the outside, when the large piston reaches the top dead center, the intake compression chamber 9 reaches the maximum, and the intake process is completed. At the top dead center of the large piston assembly 5, the small piston slider assembly 6 is at the bottom dead center, and the small piston and the cylinder liner 17 form a lower cavity, i.e. the gas storage chamber 18, which is the smallest.

[0068] The long crank 1 and the short crank 2 continue to rotate, the valve 7 closes, the valve 21 opens, and the valve 19 closes, the intake compression chamber 9 and the gas storage chamber 18 are connected through the passage 20, the large piston moves downward and the small piston moves upward, the volume of the intake compression chamber 9 gradually decreases and the volume of the gas storage chamber 18 gradually increases, and the total volume of the two chambers is gradually reduced. When the large piston reaches the bottom dead center, the small piston reaches the top dead center, the compression and storage process is completed, and the air in the intake compression chamber 9 is compressed in the gas storage chamber 18 and the passage 20. At this time, the upper cavity of the small piston, i.e. the pre-expansion chamber 16, is the smallest.

[0069] In order to realize variable compression ratio, the closing time of the air valve 7 is delayed, allowing air to partially flow back to the outside. Low load uses high compression ratio and high load reduces compression ratio to control combustion temperature and reduce nitrogen oxide emissions.

[0070] The long crank 1, short crank 2 continue to rotate, the valve 21 is closed, the valve 19 is opened, the valve 13 is closed, the gas storage cavity 18 and the pre-expansion cavity 16 are communicated through the channel 15, the small piston is lowered, the compressed air in the gas storage cavity 18 is passed to the pre-expansion cavity 16 through the channel 15, the pre-expansion cavity 16 is more than the gas storage cavity 18 by the space of the small piston rod, the total volume of the gas storage cavity 18 and the pre-expansion cavity 16 is increased during the lowering of the small piston, there is a fuel nozzle 14 on the channel 20 and the fuel is injected according to the load of power and the flow of compressed air during the lowering of the small piston, the temperature of air is higher than the self-ignition point of fuel at high compression ratio, the amount of fuel injection is less than or equal to the amount of fuel required for isobaric combustion, ignition plug or spark plug is added behind the fuel nozzle in the channel at low compression ratio, the fuel combustion heats the gas for pre-expansion work. When the small piston is lowered to the bottom dead center, the combustion pre-expansion process is completed, and the large piston is at the top dead center at this time.

[0071] The long crank 1, short crank 2 continue to rotate, the small piston is raised, the large piston is lowered, the valve 19 is closed, the valve 13 is opened, the valve 11 is closed, the upper cavity of the large piston, that is, the expansion cavity 10 and the pre-expansion cavity 16 are communicated through the channel 12, the expansion cavity 10 is gradually increased, the pre-expansion cavity 16 is gradually decreased, and the total volume of the two is increased, the high-temperature gas after pre-expansion continues to expand and work, and the expansion work is completed when the large piston is lowered to the bottom dead center.

[0072] The long crank 1, short crank 2 continue to rotate, the large piston is raised, the valve 13 is closed, the valve 11 is opened, and the exhaust gas is discharged into the outside world along with the raising of the large piston, and the exhaust process is completed when the large piston reaches the top dead center. At this time, the reciprocating five-stroke engine of the embodiment 1 completes the five processes of intake, compression of gas storage, combustion pre-expansion work, expansion work and exhaust.

[0073] With the continuous rotation of the long crank 1 and the short crank 2, the above-mentioned process of the embodiment 2 is continuously cycled, and the chemical energy of fuel is converted into mechanical energy.

[0074] The above-mentioned channel 15 can be provided with a stop valve, and controllable throttling valves are arranged between the channels at both ends of the stop valve and the outside world. When power is used as an internal combustion engine, the throttling valve is closed, and the stop valve is opened; when power is used as energy consumption braking, the stop valve is closed, and the throttling valve is adjusted according to the required braking power. This power is used to drive the truck to avoid long-time brake failure when encountering long downhill. The compressed gas can also be led out of the gas passage 15 to pressurize the cylinder for fuel pressurization and cooperate with the electronic control injection to inject fuel on the fuel nozzle 14.

[0075] Embodiment 3

[0076] As shown in FIG. 2, two pistons (small piston cylinder sleeves are turned over) of the engine of the embodiment 2 are connected with a set of crank connecting rod slider mechanisms, the strokes of the two pistons are the same, and the others are the same as those of the embodiment 2.

[0077] Embodiment 4

[0078] Fig. 3 to Fig. 12 is an outer plug rotor five-stroke engine, which consists of a housing 44, 45, five segments (main rotor, plug rotor) (33, 32), (34, 35), (36, 37), (39, 40), (41, 42), end of the main drive gear 31, driven gear 30, fuel delivery pipe 43, pipe 38, nozzle 76. Each segment of the main rotor annular cylindrical recess has two symmetric protrusions, each protrusion has two sides of the air port and air duct, air duct respectively to the two end surface of the main rotor, the main rotor two ends are cylindrical, the cross section edge of each protrusion is two symmetric curves and a circular arc with a radius equal to the radius of the cylinder, the two sides of the plug rotor has a recess, the main rotor drives the plug rotor to rotate in the housing through the end gear (31, 30) with a speed ratio of 1:2, the main rotor recess cylindrical surface and the plug rotor contact cylindrical surface diameter ratio is 2:1, the side of the main rotor annular cylindrical recess protrusion and the recess surface of the two sides of the plug rotor (except for a small part in the middle) are conjugate relationship so that the two meet and slide, when in the conjugate relationship section, it is line-surface matching, the two ends of the main rotor and the outer cylindrical surface of the protrusion are surface contact sliding with the housing, the five segments (main rotor, plug rotor) and the outer shell form a closed changing two-two symmetric cavity intake compression chamber 46, intake compression chamber 49, two-stage compression chamber 52, two-stage compression chamber 54, gas storage chamber 59, gas storage chamber 62, pre-expansion chamber 64, pre-expansion chamber 67, expansion chamber 69, expansion chamber 72, their maximum volume relationship is (cavity 69 maximum value = cavity 72 maximum value) > (cavity 46 maximum value = cavity 49 maximum value) > (cavity 52 maximum value = cavity 54 maximum value) > (cavity 64 maximum value = cavity 67 maximum value) > (cavity 59 maximum value = cavity 62 maximum value), their maximum volume shape characteristics are semi-annular cylindrical cavity minus the plug rotor and the intersection part, and then minus the intersection part with the protrusion of the main rotor.

[0079] From the gear end, the first section of the main rotor 33 two convex against the direction of rotation of the two airway air port 48 and air port 50, along the direction of rotation of the two airway air port on the side of the axisymmetric two channels along the end surface of the second section of the main rotor 34 lagging some convex against the direction of rotation of the side of the airway, the second section of the main rotor 34 along the direction of rotation of the two airway air port on the side of the axisymmetric two channels along the end surface of the third section of the main rotor 36 lagging some convex against the direction of rotation of the side of the airway, the third section of the main rotor 36 along the direction of rotation of the two airway air port on the side of the axisymmetric two channels along the end surface of the fourth section of the main rotor 39 lagging some convex against the direction of rotation of the side of the airway, the fourth section of the main rotor 39 along the direction of rotation of the two airway air port on the side of the axisymmetric two channels along the end surface of the fifth section of the main rotor 41 lagging some convex against the direction of rotation of the side of the airway, the fifth section of the main rotor 41 along the direction of rotation of the two airway air port 70 and air port 75, that is, two groups of airway air port 47, airway air port 53, channel 55, two groups of airway air port 52, airway air port 61, channel 63, two groups of airway air port 60, airway air port 66, channel 68, two groups of airway air port 65, airway air port 71, channel 73, two groups are not communicated.

[0080] The relative position of the five section main rotor and plug rotor is that when the first section rotor convex airway air port 47 just exposes from the recess of plug rotor 32, the second section rotor convex airway air port 53 just enters the recess of opposite plug rotor 35, the second section rotor convex airway air port 52 just exposes from the recess of plug rotor 35, the third section rotor convex airway air port 61 just enters the recess of opposite plug rotor 37, the third section rotor convex airway air port 60 just exposes from the recess of plug rotor 37, the fourth section rotor convex airway air port 66 just enters the recess of opposite plug rotor 40, the fourth section rotor convex airway air port 65 just exposes from the recess of plug rotor 40, the fifth section rotor convex airway air port 71 just enters the recess of opposite plug rotor 42.

[0081] The five working processes of the outer plug rotor five-stroke engine are as follows:

[0082] Intake process: the main rotor 33 rotates clockwise according to the drawing of Fig. 6, the main rotor 33 is just full of the gas passage 48 into the groove of the plug rotor 32 (the partial view in the upper right corner of Fig. 6), a cavity is formed in the groove of the plug rotor 32, the cavity is the intake compression cavity 49 which is communicated with the gas passage 48, air enters from the air inlet 50, the intake compression cavity 49 gradually becomes larger with the rotation of the main rotor 33, when the main rotor 33 is just full of the gas passage 48 into the groove of the plug rotor 32 on the opposite side, the intake compression cavity 49 is closed, the intake process is completed, and then the intake compression cavity 49 is changed into the intake compression cavity 46, a new intake compression cavity 49 is formed in the groove of the plug rotor 32 and the gas passage 48.

[0083] Compression and gas storage process: the compression process is two-stage compression (single-stage compression for low compression ratio).

[0084] After the completion of the intake process, the main rotor continues to rotate, and when the gas passage 47 is just exposed from the groove of the plug rotor 32, the gas passage 53 is just full of the groove of the plug rotor 35, a cavity 54 is formed at the gas passage 53, the intake compression cavity 46, the secondary compression cavity 54, the gas passage 47, the gas passage 53, and the channel 55 form a closed space, with the rotation of the main rotor, the intake compression cavity 46 gradually decreases, the secondary compression cavity 54 gradually increases, the total volume of the two decreases, air is gradually transferred from the intake compression cavity 46 to the secondary compression cavity 54 and is compressed, and the main rotor continues to rotate to complete the primary compression before the channel gas port 47 is just exposed from the groove of the plug rotor 32 on the opposite side.

[0085] In the primary compression process, the intake compression cavity 46 changes from large to small and disappears, and the secondary compression cavity 54 changes from small to large, and when the gas passage 53 is just full of the groove of the plug rotor 35 again, the secondary compression cavity 54 is closed and changes into the secondary compression cavity 51, and at the same time, the secondary compression cavity 54 is formed again at the gas passage 53 in the groove of the plug rotor 35, and after the completion of the primary compression, most of the gas is in the secondary compression cavity 51, and a small part is in the gas passage 47, the gas passage 53, and the channel 55.

[0086] After the completion of the primary compression, the main rotor continues to rotate, and when the gas passage 52 is just exposed from the groove of the plug rotor 35, the gas passage 61 is just full of the groove of the plug rotor 37, a gas storage cavity 62 is formed at the channel gas port 61, the secondary compression cavity 51, the gas storage cavity 62, the gas passage 52, the gas passage 61, and the channel 63 form a closed space, with the rotation of the main rotor, the secondary compression cavity 51 gradually decreases, the gas storage cavity 62 gradually increases, the total volume of the two decreases, air is gradually transferred from the secondary compression cavity 51 to the gas storage cavity 62 and is compressed, and the main rotor continues to rotate to complete the secondary compression before the gas passage 52 is just exposed from the groove of the plug rotor 35 on the opposite side.

[0087] During the two-stage compression process, the two-stage compression chamber 51 shrinks and eventually disappears, while the gas storage chamber 62 expands. When the air passage port 61 is fully inserted into the groove of the rotary rotor 37 again, the gas storage chamber 62 closes and transforms into the gas storage chamber 59. At the same time, a new gas storage chamber 62 is formed again at the air passage port 61 in the groove of the rotor. After the two-stage compression is completed, most of the gas is stored in the gas storage chamber 59, and a small portion is stored in the air passage port 52, air passage port 61, and channel 63.

[0088] Combustion pre-expansion work process:

[0089] After the air completes the two-stage compression, its temperature and pressure are very high. As the main rotor continues to rotate, the air inlet 60 just emerges from the groove of the plug rotor 37. At this point, the air inlet 66 is fully inserted into the groove of the plug rotor 40, forming a pre-expansion chamber 67 at the air inlet 66. The air storage chamber 59, pre-expansion chamber 67, air inlet 60, air inlet 66, and channel 68 form a closed space. Then, the high-temperature, high-pressure air in the air storage chamber 59 enters the air inlet 60 and passes through the channel 68. At this point, the high pressure... Fuel is ejected from a fixed pipeline 43 through pipe 38 and nozzle 76, mixing with high-temperature air for spontaneous combustion. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas enters the gradually expanding pre-expansion chamber 67 from the gas inlet 66, while the gas storage chamber 59 gradually decreases. The total volume of both gradually increases, and the gas expansion drives the protruding part of the main rotor 39 to do work. The fuel feed rate is controlled according to the power load and the increase in the total volume of the gas storage chamber 59 and the pre-expansion chamber 67, making the expansion process close to isobaric expansion or depressurization expansion. When the rotor rotates to the gas inlet 66 and just enters the groove of the opposite rotary rotor 40, the combustion pre-expansion process is completed. At this time, the pre-expansion chamber 67 becomes the pre-expansion chamber 64, and a new pre-expansion chamber 67 is formed at the gas inlet 66. Most of the gas after pre-expansion combustion is stored in the pre-expansion chamber 64, and a small part is stored in the gas inlet 60, gas inlet 66, and channel 68.

[0090] Expansion work process

[0091] As the main rotor continues to rotate, the air passage port 65 just emerges from the groove of the stopcock rotor 40. At this time, the air passage port 71 is fully inserted into the groove of the stopcock rotor 42, and the expansion chamber 72 is formed at the air passage port 71. The pre-expansion chamber 64, expansion chamber 72, air passage port 65, air passage port 71, and channel 73 form a closed space. Then, the gas in the pre-expansion chamber 64 enters the expansion chamber 72 through the air passage port 65, channel 73, and air passage port 71. The expansion chamber 72 gradually increases, the pre-expansion chamber 64 gradually decreases, and the total volume of the two increases. The gas expansion pushes the protruding part of the main rotor 41 to do work. The expansion process is completed before the air passage port 65 emerges from the groove of the opposite stopcock rotor 40. At this time, the expansion chamber 72 is transformed into the expansion chamber 69, and a new expansion chamber 72 is formed at the air passage port 71.

[0092] Exhaust process:

[0093] After the expansion process is completed, the main rotor continues to rotate, and when the gas passage 70 is just turned out of the plug rotor 42, the expansion cavity 69 is in communication with the gas passage 70, the passage 74, the passage 75, and the outside. Then, after the main rotor continues to rotate for half a turn, the fuel gas in the expansion cavity 69 is discharged to the outside.

[0094] The above-mentioned processes of the implementation mode 3 are simultaneously performed in axial symmetry on both sides.

[0095] With the continuous rotation of the rotor, the above-mentioned five processes of the implementation mode 3 are cyclically and alternately performed in axial symmetry on both sides, and the engine continuously converts the chemical energy of the fuel into mechanical energy.

[0096] The implementation mode 4 can also be made into a structure in which the main rotor is a single protrusion matched with a single plug rotor (the diameter of the main rotor groove cylindrical surface is equal to that of the plug rotor outer cylindrical surface, and the rotation speed is 1:1) or N protrusions matched with N plug rotors (N>2, the main rotor groove cylindrical surface radius: plug rotor outer cylindrical surface radius = n, and the plug rotor rotation speed: main rotor rotation speed = n). The corresponding shell single plug rotor is divided into two halves along the main rotor axis and the plug rotor axis, and the shell of the N plug rotors is N 1 / N circumferential shells (the dividing surface is the surface composed of the plug rotor axis and the main rotor axis). The two side surfaces of each protrusion are in a conjugate relationship except for the middle part of the plug rotor concave surface. Each protrusion has a gas passage on both sides to the two ends of the corresponding main rotor. From the gear end, the gas passage of the upper main rotor protrusion along the rotation direction is in communication with the gas passage of the next rotor protrusion opposite the rotation direction by a lag of a small angle. The first and last gas passages are in communication with the air inlet and the exhaust outlet on the shell, respectively. From the gear end, the first, second, and third main rotor centers have fuel pipes and N nozzles connected thereto. The principle is the same as that of the main rotor with two protrusions. The main rotor with a single plug rotor performs a single group of five-stroke thermodynamic cycles, and the main rotor with n plug rotors simultaneously performs n groups of five-stroke thermodynamic cycles. Industrial applicability

[0097] The implementation mode 1 is the cycle of the existing gas turbine cycle in a closed cavity. Compared with the gas turbine, it can realize the cycle similar to the gas turbine at a low rotation speed, obtain a higher pressure ratio, and has a higher thermal efficiency. The cooling is more flexible than that of the gas turbine. The power of the multiple plugs can do multiple work per rotation, and the unit volume power is higher than that of the reciprocating type. The structure is simple, the processing and assembly are not difficult, and the economy is good. Free content of the sequence table

[0098] The above-mentioned preferred embodiments further illustrate the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the present application. It should be understood that the above-mentioned is only the preferred embodiments of the present application and does not limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An internal combustion engine characterized by: its thermodynamic cycle is a cycle of five processes: intake, compression storage, combustion pre-expansion work, expansion work, exhaust; the intake process is that the volume of the volume chamber (intake compression chamber) changes from small to large, and air is sucked in through the open valve or air port; the compression storage process is that the volume of the intake compression chamber changes from large to small, and the volume of a small volume chamber (storage chamber) with a maximum volume of one-tenth to one-hundredth of the maximum volume of the intake compression chamber changes from small to large, during which the intake compression chamber and the storage chamber are connected; the combustion pre-expansion work process is that the volume of the storage chamber changes from large to small, and the volume of a volume chamber (pre-expansion chamber) with a larger maximum volume than the storage chamber changes from small to large, during which the storage chamber and the pre-expansion chamber are connected, fuel is injected into the channel between the storage chamber and the pre-expansion chamber to burn and pre-expand; the expansion work process is that the volume of the pre-expansion chamber changes from large to small, and the volume of a volume chamber (expansion chamber) with a larger maximum volume than the pre-expansion chamber changes from small to large, during which the pre-expansion chamber and the expansion chamber are connected; the exhaust process is that the volume of the expansion chamber changes from large to small, and exhaust gas is discharged through the open valve or air port.

2. The internal combustion engine of claim 1 is characterized by: a long crank connecting rod slider mechanism drives a large piston to reciprocate in a large cylinder sleeve, a short crank connecting rod slider mechanism drives a small piston to reciprocate in a small cylinder sleeve, the long crank and the short crank are connected and coaxial with a phase difference of 180 degrees, the two ends of the large cylinder sleeve and the small cylinder sleeve have cylinder heads; there is a channel connecting the large cylinder sleeve containing the piston rod volume chamber and the small cylinder sleeve containing the piston rod volume chamber with a valve, there is a channel connecting the volume chambers at both ends of the small cylinder sleeve piston with a valve and a fuel nozzle, there is a channel connecting the large cylinder sleeve without the piston rod volume chamber and the small cylinder sleeve without the piston rod volume chamber with a valve, and the large cylinder heads at both ends of the large cylinder sleeve have air valves that are connected to the outside in a timed manner.

3. The internal combustion engine of claim 1 is characterized by: a crank connecting rod slider mechanism simultaneously drives a large piston and a small piston to reciprocate in a large cylinder sleeve and a small cylinder sleeve, respectively; the large cylinder sleeve and the small cylinder sleeve have cylinder heads at both ends; there is a channel connecting the large cylinder sleeve containing the piston rod volume chamber and the small cylinder sleeve containing the piston rod volume chamber with a valve, there is a channel connecting the volume chambers at both ends of the small cylinder sleeve piston with a valve and a fuel nozzle, there is a channel connecting the large cylinder sleeve without the piston rod volume chamber and the small cylinder sleeve without the piston rod volume chamber with a valve, and the large cylinder heads at both ends of the large cylinder sleeve have air valves that are connected to the outside in a timed manner. The moving part of the engine is five groups (main rotor, N plug rotors) and their driving end parts of the driving gear, driven gear (the gear ratio of the main driven gear is N); the number of plug rotors is N (N≥1), each main rotor has N protrusions evenly distributed around the circumference of the main rotor shaft, the two sides of each protrusion have air ports and air passages, the air passages lead to the two end faces of the main rotor, the air passages of the upper-main rotor protrusions along the direction of rotation are connected to the air passages of the lower protrusions of the next rotor in the opposite direction of rotation from the gear end, the two sides of each protrusion and the concave surface of the plug rotor are in a conjugate relationship except for the middle part, and the first, second, and third main rotors have fuel pipes and N nozzles connected to them at their centers from the gear end. ​ 4. The internal combustion engine of claim 1 is an external shuttle rotary engine characterized by: ​ 5. The internal combustion engine of claim 1 is an internal plug rotary engine characterized by: There are four concave table main rotor containing N (N≥1) four concave surface valve rotor, gear room containing a fixed center gear and N idler gear with N drive valve rotor gear, gear driven valve rotor and the relative speed ratio of the center rotor is -N (both reverse direction), in the five concave and four section with N evenly distributed inward protrusions shell rotation, shell protruding inner surface is two symmetrical curved surface and the middle circular arc surface, shell each protruding circular arc surface on both sides of the curved surface with the air inlet and outlet, airway block on the airway outside the air inlet compression chamber outlet and gas storage cavity air inlet, gas storage cavity outlet and pre-expansion cavity inlet, pre-expansion cavity outlet and expansion cavity inlet, connected with the gas storage cavity outlet airway on the fuel injector and ignition plug or spark plug; valve rotor in the end of the gear drive, can bypass the shell protrusions, valve concave surface and shell convex surface is conjugate relationship.

6. The compression process of the internal valve rotary engine as claimed in claim 5 is two-stage compression.

7. The gear drive of the internal valve rotary engine as claimed in claim 5 is synchronous belt drive.

8. The internal valve rotary engine as claimed in claim 5, the fuel injector and ignition plug or spark plug on the airway are replaced by a heat exchanger for use as an external combustion engine.

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