NBC-protection filter material, in particular in the form of a textile laminate, having improved stability properties

Abstract

The present invention relates to an in particular air-permeable and steam-permeable textile NBC-protection filter material which has a protective function against hazardous chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear substances, is provided with high and / or improved tear (propagation) resistance, and is preferably envisaged for use in a textile NBC-protection garment, and to the use thereof.

Description

[0001] ABC protective filter material, especially in the form of a textile laminate, with improved stability properties

[0002] The present invention relates to the technical field of textile-based filter materials, in particular area filter materials, and preferably of textile-based protective filter materials, which can be used, for example, in the military or civilian sector, such as for the manufacture of protective equipment and protective clothing, in particular with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear or radioactive pollutants, as well as for various technical filter applications or the like.

[0003] Against this background, the present invention relates in particular to an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material, also referred to synonymously simply as protective filter material), preferably a textile ABC or CBRN protective filter material (also referred to synonymously simply as protective filter material or protective and / or surface filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment (CBRN protective garment), preferably with a protective function against chemical, biological, or nuclear (radioactive) pollutants, wherein the ABC protective filter material according to the invention has high or improved tear resistance (where ABC = atomic, biological, and chemical, and CBRN = chemical, biological, radioactive, and nuclear, the terms ABC and CBRN being used synonymously within the scope of the present invention). The protective filter material according to the invention is characterized in particular by high or improved tear resistance.improved (prolonged) tear strength (preferably prolonged tear strength).

[0004] In this context, the present invention relates to the technical field of ABC and CBRN protective clothing, such as that which can be used for military or civilian purposes, for example in the field of hazard prevention, firefighting, disaster relief, or the like. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to the technical field of ABC and CBRN filters or technical filter applications or filter units, which can be used, for example, for the treatment or purification of fluid media (i.e., gaseous or liquid media, in particular gaseous media such as air or the like), for example, in the context of the treatment or conditioning of room or ambient air or breathing air. The present invention also relates to the use of floats and / or multiple, in particular double, warp threads.The invention relates to the use of multiple, in particular double (double), weft threads in a (textile) fabric used as a textile carrier layer to increase or improve the (prolonged) tear strength (preferably tear propagation strength) of a protective filter material which has such a fabric or carrier layer. Accordingly, the present invention also relates to a corresponding method for increasing or improving the (prolonged) tear strength (preferably tear propagation strength).

[0005] Furthermore, the present invention also relates to the use of a special carrier layer or carrier material for increasing the (prolonged) tear resistance (preferably tear propagation resistance) of a textile fabric or protective filter material and / or related protective equipment or articles, as well as filters or filter materials, which comprise the protective filter material with the corresponding carrier layer or carrier material. In this context, the present invention also relates to a method for increasing the (prolonged) tear resistance (preferably tear propagation resistance) of the materials mentioned herein.

[0006] Furthermore, the present invention also relates to specific uses of the protective filter material according to the invention, namely in particular for the manufacture of protective equipment or protective articles, especially protective clothing, as well as for the manufacture of filters and filter materials of all kinds. The present invention also relates to protective equipment and protective articles, especially protective clothing, and filters and filter materials which comprise the protective filter material according to the invention or which are manufactured using the protective filter material according to the invention. In general, high demands are placed on protective filter materials or area filter materials, which usually have textile-based components or textile functional and carrier materials, with regard to their specific functional properties for ABC or CBRN protection. This applies not least to the mechanical stability or...Resistance and durability. Specifically, the high demands placed on such materials consist primarily of providing efficient, reliable, and / or long-lasting protection or filter properties against chemical, biological, nuclear, and radioactive pollutants and toxins, even under adverse or challenging operating conditions. This applies particularly to protection based on particle and aerosol filter properties, as well as adsorptive properties, especially against chemical, biological, nuclear, and radioactive pollutants and toxins. The stringent requirements for protection against the aforementioned types of pollutants and toxins inevitably arise from the exceptionally high health risks associated with exposure to these substances.

[0007] In current technology, textile protective filter materials are used, for example, to provide NBC and CBRN protective suits in the military sector (i.e., for military personnel or soldiers, often as additional protection during defense or combat operations) but also in the civilian sector or civil defense sector (i.e., for personnel involved in disaster relief or firefighting operations, such as firefighters). Another area of ​​application is industrial use, for example, in the chemical industry, such as in the handling and containment of toxic industrial chemicals (TICs). In general, corresponding protective filter materials in the form of protective clothing or suits provide additional protection against exposure to human toxicological agents.Substances such as those that can be released in accidents in the chemical industry or nuclear facilities, for example, in connection with or as a consequence of natural disasters. Against this background, a technical challenge with regard to the provision of suitable protective filter materials lies in realizing diametrically opposed or even contradictory product properties in one and the same material. For example, ensuring or providing high mechanical resistance or stability (load-bearing capacity) as well as high protective or filtration performance with regard to toxins or pollutants, on the one hand, while simultaneously maintaining high air permeability of the underlying materials, on the other. A major difficulty also lies in providing suitable protective filter materials that offer high mechanical resistance or stability (load-bearing capacity) and high filtration performance.exhibit stability against mechanical stress, also with regard to ensuring the aforementioned functionalities, namely efficient protection against harmful or toxic substances, as permanently and consistently as possible even under unfavorable conditions or high mechanical demands, in order to guarantee a high level of application and operational safety.

[0008] Specific product properties, such as high protection and filtration performance against pollutants and toxins combined with high mechanical resistance and stability, as well as high air permeability, are of central advantage, or even essential, for protective clothing to ensure the provided protective function even under high mechanical stress. Such product properties are also of great importance in technical filter applications. In particular, the underlying materials should also offer a high degree of operational reliability and ease of handling.

[0009] In this context, a major requirement is to provide a high level of protection against chemical, biological, and radioactive pollutants and toxins, even under high mechanical stress. These substances can be in the form of aerosols, gases, droplets, contaminated particles, or similar materials, and exhibit a wide range of physicochemical properties. Accordingly, the underlying protective filter materials and related protective clothing should offer a correspondingly broad spectrum of protection. A key challenge lies in providing suitable protective filter materials and clothing that possess high mechanical stability and resistance, and therefore a long service life.This requirement is of crucial importance because protective (filter) materials are often subjected to high mechanical stress during operation or application. Friction, tensile or compressive stress, for example from carrying heavy equipment, or contact with sharp-edged and / or abrasive objects or surfaces can lead to damage of the protective (filter) material, such as the formation of cracks or cuts. Mechanical impacts, such as those from explosion-related splinters or fragments, or from projectiles or ballistic objects, also result in high mechanical stress and impairment of the material.

[0010] This can lead to sometimes lasting damage to the material, for example through (further) tearing. Such damage often leads to a breakdown, or at least an impairment, of the protective function against harmful or toxic substances, as the barrier function (filter function) of the material is reduced overall, allowing harmful or toxic substances to penetrate the material or through damaged areas.

[0011] As a result of mechanical damage, the protective filter material may partially or even completely lose its intended protective performance or function, especially if several or even all material layers are damaged in the case of a multi-layered protective filter material.

[0012] In the case of protective clothing, this can lead to direct and entirely undesirable exposure of the user (wearer) or operator, and in the case of filters or filter materials, to the breakthrough of harmful or toxic substances, accompanied by the risk of lasting and sometimes even fatal health effects. It is also noteworthy that even small amounts of toxic substances can often lead to lasting health impairment or consequences for those exposed to them. Furthermore, harmful or toxic substances are often present in the form of finely divided or finely particulated aerosols or as pollutant particles or gases in the (ambient) air, which generally have a high penetration potential. Therefore, ensuring a lasting protective function with an intact protective covering is crucial.Filter function is essential or indispensable in the case of protective clothing, even under or after high mechanical stress.

[0013] Consequently, there is an overall high demand for the provision of protective filter materials which, in addition to ensuring a high level of protection against harmful or toxic substances, also exhibit a correspondingly high mechanical stability or mechanical resistance, particularly against external forces or the like.

[0014] This is especially true insofar as persons involved in military operations, such as soldiers, as well as those working in disaster relief or firefighting, are exposed to the constant and often continuous risk of contamination with chemical, biological or radioactive pollutants or toxins, and in addition to high physical strain, their protective equipment is also subject to high mechanical stress throughout the entire operation.

[0015] In the military sector, in particular, it is important to note that military personnel, such as soldiers, move through conflict-ridden environments under high physical strain and are exposed to significant risks. This necessitates a high degree of usability and suitability of the protective clothing used. It is also crucial that if the protective clothing fails mechanically, for example, due to tearing, the protective barrier against the penetration of toxic substances is compromised. This compromises the barrier to the wearer, as chemical skin agents such as sulfur mustard and nitrogen mustard can then affect the wearer, penetrating the skin and potentially causing lethal effects. This also applies to civilian and military applications.In industrial settings, a high level of protection due to the mechanical integrity of protective clothing is of paramount importance, particularly with regard to preventing direct contact with toxic industrial chemicals or similar substances, even under high physical exertion or mechanical stress. The same applies to filters and filter systems based on appropriate protective filter materials, where ensuring physical integrity even under high mechanical stress is crucial for maintaining the protective function, especially with regard to preventing the formation, progression, or spread of cracks or similar defects.

[0016] State-of-the-art protective filter materials, or surface filter materials, which often feature simple textile carrier materials or layers for adsorbents or filter layers, frequently fail to reliably meet the high demands placed on mechanical stability, particularly with regard to their tear propagation behavior. Consequently, such state-of-the-art materials, especially under extreme conditions such as protective clothing used in military operations, hazard control, or disaster relief, do not provide optimal, reliable, and lasting protection against harmful or toxic substances. This is particularly true regarding their insufficient resistance to high mechanical stress and material damage, especially tearing and propagation.

[0017] Given that protective suits, for example, must meet the requirements of long wearing or operating times even under adverse conditions, this directly results in the demand for appropriate protective filter materials or surface filter materials with high mechanical resistance or stability.

[0018] With regard to ensuring efficient and lasting protection even under or after mechanical stress, the tear resistance (preferably tear propagation resistance or tear resistance) and thus, in particular, the resistance of a protective filter material to forceful tearing stress are of paramount importance, especially since, with insufficient tear resistance, cracks that occur under force or tearing stress can often extend over large areas of the protective (filter) material. Complete and irreparable damage to the underlying protective filter material is then often unavoidable. This is particularly true for protective filter materials with low mechanical resistance or...The stability is often such that, after initial and only minor damage to the material, even small forces lead to undesirable (further) tearing and thus to lasting damage to the material, accompanied by a total loss of the protective function against harmful or toxic substances.

[0019] The formation of large cracks in a protective filter material, which can permanently or irreversibly impair its function, often results from initially minor damage, such as small cracks, cuts, or punctures. Due to insufficient tear resistance, large cracks can develop even under minimal stress or force, often originating from small initial damage. These cracks can then propagate rapidly and over a large area of ​​the protective filter material, frequently affecting its entire transverse dimension and thickness, and extending through several or even all layers. Such damage leads to a widespread and often complete loss of protective function, as harmful or...Toxic substances can penetrate the damage or tear almost unhindered. Therefore, it is also important that protective filter materials exhibit high resistance to mechanical forces, particularly with regard to high tear resistance and durability after initial damage.

[0020] High tear resistance ensures that the integrity of a protective filter material is maintained even after initial (minor) damage (e.g., small tears), even when subjected to high forces. This minimizes the formation of penetration points for pollutants and toxins, and generally maintains the protective function. Therefore, the tear resistance provided is a crucial factor in determining the quality of a protective filter material. Generally, tearing of a textile-based material, such as a protective or surface filter material, can be understood as the successive failure of threads or yarns, or groups of threads or yarns, along a line through the textile material, for example, in the form of a backing layer or the entire protective filter material with such a backing layer.In the case of a textile material in the form of a fabric with a warp and weft thread system forming the fabric, this refers in particular to the failure or tearing of adjacent or group-forming warp threads (especially when force is applied in the weft direction) or to adjacent or group-forming weft threads, especially in the case of a force being applied in the warp direction.

[0021] Against this background, tearing (continued tearing) differs from tearing force or tensile strength as such, because unlike tearing force, the maximum force of a sum of threads is measured until breakage.

[0022] For technical textile materials, such as protective filter materials, tearing (or tear propagation) is one of the most common failure modes. Tearing (or tear propagation) is therefore used as a direct assessment of the usability and quality of textile materials, particularly those used in the military sector. Generally, products with low tearing (or tear propagation) strength or insufficient tear propagation behavior can pose an excessive risk to the user (wearer) or operator of protective clothing made from these materials. Against this backdrop, the tearing (or tear propagation) strength of a protective or surface filter material is an important property that characterizes its overall protective function, for example, in protective clothing for hazard control in both military and civilian applications.

[0023] The selection and coordination of the components underlying a protective filter material also plays a crucial role in the stability of the protective suits or filters manufactured on this basis. The material should possess high overall mechanical stability to withstand, in particular, strong mechanical stresses such as those caused by tearing or rupture forces acting upon the material, thereby ensuring the integrity and safety of the protective filter material and thus overall operational safety.In multi-layered protective filter materials, a carrier layer, such as those used for attaching adsorption materials like particulate activated carbon or planar filter materials, plays a crucial role, as such carrier layers, as a textile base structure, have a decisive influence on the overall mechanical stability of the multi-layered protective filter material.

[0024] For protective clothing used in NBC (Nuclear, Biological, Chemical) and CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear) protection, such as protective suits or similar garments used in military and civilian applications, the prior art includes materials that are air- and water vapor-impermeable. These materials are generally designed with a barrier or rubber layer that is impermeable to harmful or toxic substances. However, such materials often lack optimal mechanical resistance, particularly with regard to their tearing behavior, in addition to offering limited comfort due to poor air permeability and insufficient flexibility. Furthermore, the use of large, impermeable layers generally lacks additional crack-inhibiting or crack-preventing structures.If coatings or similar substances are used to create the impermeable properties of such materials, these often result in the associated textile support structures or layers exhibiting low resistance to (further) tearing due to the fixation of the thread or yarn components. This means that even minor mechanical stress on the material, such as from pre-existing damage, can cause small cracks or perforations to develop into potentially large tears, leading to a permanent loss of protective function and rendering the material unusable. Due to their lack of air permeability, such materials are also unsuitable for technical filter applications or similar uses.

[0025] Furthermore, air-permeable functional protective or surface filter materials are known in the prior art. These are generally equipped with an adsorption filter layer, particularly based on activated carbon, or a mechanical filter layer to ensure protection against harmful or toxic substances. Due to the inherently air-permeable design of such systems, these materials are suitable not only for protective clothing or suits but also for technical filter applications. The increased exchange of air and water or moisture results in improved wearing comfort, particularly with regard to reducing heat build-up, while still providing good protection against harmful or toxic substances.

[0026] The underlying protective filter material is generally in the form of a laminate with a multi-layered structure, in which, for example, an absorbent material such as activated carbon is incorporated or integrated into a composite material based on a carrier material or layer and a cover material. However, such filter materials do not always exhibit optimal or generally improvable properties with regard to their mechanical stability, including their tear resistance.

[0027] In particular, such protective filter materials lack further targeted mechanical stabilization or optimization with regard to their tear resistance. Furthermore, these materials often exhibit a rigid or inflexible structure due to the generally surface-based bonding of the individual layers to form the laminate or composite, for example, by means of adhesive bonding. This is detrimental to their tear resistance. Specifically, protective or surface filter materials are sometimes subject to a significant transfer of forces, such as those exerted during mechanical stress (including tear forces), to the substrate material or layer, which can lead to easy tearing.

[0028] The adhesive application often used in prior art sometimes leads – in addition to excessive stiffening of the material – to excessive immobilization or fixation of, for example, the threads or yarns forming a textile layer of the protective filter material, so that their mobility can be severely restricted. Consequently, the displacement of the threads or yarns is often insufficient, for example in the event of (further) tearing stress, which reduces the (further) tear resistance of the material in question.This is particularly relevant given that the prior art lacks specific and targeted measures for developing increased resistance to mechanical stress, especially with regard to ensuring high (propagation) tear strength, which is essential because the formation of cracks significantly reduces the protective performance against toxic or hazardous substances. Furthermore, the prior art uses conventional textile fabrics for the textile carrier layers. No further measures exist to achieve high or improved (propagation) tear strength in this respect. Moreover, the adhesive used to bond the layers in the prior art often leads to excessive blocking or interference with the threads forming the carrier material or layer.Yarn systems, so that their mobility is reduced, with the result that the (further) tearing behavior is reduced.

[0029] The protective or surface filter materials provided in the state of the art for protective clothing or technical filters or filter systems sometimes do not exhibit optimal coordination or with regard to ensuring increased stability or mechanical resilience, especially with regard to ensuring high (further) tear resistance, in light of the above explanations.

[0030] The lamination of individual layers to form a textile protective or surface filter material, as described in the prior art, often results in reduced flexibility or pliability of the resulting filter material. Under stress, this can lead to excessive kinking or similar defects. Consequently, undesirable delamination of the layers can occur, resulting in a reduction of the protective function. The formation of kinks can also reduce the overall tear resistance of the filter material, as this can create mechanical weaknesses. In particular, undesirable delamination can occur in the area of ​​kinks, negatively impacting the integrity and mechanical stability of the protective or surface filter material.Due to the reduced flexibility or pliability of protective or surface filter materials known in the prior art, optimal wearing comfort, particularly with regard to a high degree of conformability, is often not achieved when protective clothing is provided. In this context, the haptic properties of such materials are also not always satisfactory.

[0031] In particular, no specific measures for developing high or optimized (further) tear resistance are described.

[0032] EP 2 026 884 A2, and the related patent WO 2007 / 071835 A2 and US 2009 / 0093178 A1, describe a composite textile material for CBRN applications. This material comprises a first non-woven material capable of forming a physical barrier against the penetration of microorganisms, and a second material capable of capturing microorganisms retained by the first material through absorption and / or adsorption. The composite material may include a textile carrier material capable of supporting the second material. In particular, the concept focuses primarily on the filtering properties of the underlying composite textile material itself.

[0033] The above statements demonstrate that providing high mechanical stability and resistance, especially with regard to tear resistance and durability, is of great importance for protective and surface filter materials when used in or as protective clothing.

[0034] This also applies equally to the use of protective filter materials in the technical field of providing technical filters or filter systems for the purification of fluid media. Technical filters and filter systems are often subjected to high mechanical stress, especially with regard to their use in the military or civilian sectors, e.g., for disaster relief. Furthermore, handling such filters or filter systems (which often occurs under adverse conditions in military or disaster relief operations) can result in high force exertion, which also applies to their use in technical applications. Overall, there is a high demand in the current state of the art for protective filter materials with particle or aerosol filter properties, or with adsorptive properties against pollutants or toxins, which together offer improved resistance and / or...Resistance to mechanical (force) impacts, particularly with regard to providing improved tear resistance, is essential. There is also a high demand for protective or surface filter materials with correspondingly high durability and, furthermore, good wearability in the case of protective clothing, as well as high purification efficiency while ensuring high throughput of media to be purified in the case of technical filters or filter systems.

[0035] Against this background, an object of the present invention is to provide a protective filter material, in particular a textile protective filter material, which is suitable for use in the military and civilian sectors, for example for the manufacture of protective suits or the like, as well as for technical filter applications, such as gas or air filters, wherein the disadvantages of the prior art described above are to be at least largely avoided or at least mitigated.

[0036] A further object of the present invention is, in particular, to provide a protective or surface filter material which exhibits high or improved mechanical stability or mechanical resistance compared to the prior art, especially with regard to the underlying tear resistance of the protective or surface filter material, preferably propagation tear resistance. Such a protective or surface filter material should also maintain or be functionally effective in providing a high level of protection against chemical, biological, radioactive, or nuclear pollutants or toxins. In particular, such a material should be suitable for a wide variety of applications, especially in the textile and clothing industries, for example, for the manufacture of protective equipment.Clothing with a protective function against corresponding harmful or toxic substances. Furthermore, the protective or surface filter material should be equally suitable for the production of filters or filter systems and thus also for technical filter applications. A further object of the present invention is to provide a protective or surface filter material, or textile protective or surface filter material, which, in addition to high or improved mechanical resistance, in particular improved tear resistance, also exhibits improved application and handling properties. In this context, a particular object of the present invention is also to provide a corresponding protective or surface filter material.To provide surface filter material which ensures a high level of wearing comfort, particularly with regard to its use in or as protective clothing or the like, whereby in this context a high degree of flexibility or pliability as well as conformability with simultaneous high air or water vapor permeability should be provided.

[0037] In particular, the present invention aims to provide a special protective filter material with improved mechanical resistance, especially with regard to tear resistance, while simultaneously ensuring that other material-specific parameters, such as air permeability and the seam or tensile strength of the underlying materials, are not negatively affected. High dimensional stability is also a key requirement. Furthermore, an optimized basis weight is to be provided.

[0038] Furthermore, a further object of the present invention is to provide a protective filter material, namely based on or in the form of a textile protective filter material, which is relatively simple to manufacture, and in which the use of related components or materials, for example with regard to the layer structure, is also to be reduced. The sustainability and the cost-benefit ratio of such a material are also to be optimized.

[0039] The present invention aims to provide a textile protective or surface filter material for numerous applications, exhibiting high durability and mechanical stability / resistance, particularly with regard to tear resistance, thus ensuring a high level of protection against harmful or toxic substances even under adverse conditions, such as under or after high mechanical stress. Simultaneously, the material should also offer high air and water vapor permeability combined with high flexibility / bending.

[0040] To solve the problem described above, the present invention thus proposes – according to a first aspect of the present invention – an ABC protective filter material (in particular, a textile ABC protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular an ABC protective filter material with high or improved (propagation) tear strength (preferably propagation strength), and in particular an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material with a protective function against harmful or toxic substances and preferably with high or improved (propagation) tear strength (preferably propagation strength) according to claim 1; advantageous further developments and embodiments of this aspect of the invention are the subject of the corresponding dependent and subclaims.

[0041] Furthermore, according to a second aspect of the present invention, the use of floats and / or multiple, in particular double, warp threads or weft threads inserted in a fabric to increase or improve the tear resistance (preferably propagation resistance) of an ABC protective filter material comprising such a fabric or carrier layer, according to the independent claim relating to this use, is also related to the present invention. In this context, the present invention also relates to a corresponding method according to the independent method claim relating to this aspect. Further advantageous embodiments of the use or method according to this aspect are the subject of the dependent claims relating to this aspect.

[0042] Furthermore, according to a third aspect of the present invention, it also relates to the use of a special carrier layer or carrier material (textile carrier layer or textile carrier material) to increase or improve the tear resistance (preferably tear propagation resistance) of a protective filter material in this respect, according to the independent claim relating to this use. In this context, the present invention also relates to a corresponding method according to the independent method claim relating to this aspect. Further advantageous embodiments of the use or method according to the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0043] A further subject matter of the present invention – according to a fourth aspect of the present invention – is the use of the ABC protective filter material for the manufacture of protective equipment or protective articles, in particular protective clothing, of all kinds, or for the manufacture of filters and filter materials of all kinds according to the respective independent use claims. Further advantageous embodiments of the uses according to the invention are the subject of the corresponding dependent claim.

[0044] A further aspect of the present invention – according to a fifth aspect of the present invention – is the protective equipment or protective articles according to the invention, in particular protective clothing, which contains the protective filter material according to the invention or is manufactured using the protective filter material according to the invention, according to the corresponding independent claim relating to the protective equipment or protective articles according to the invention. Further advantageous embodiments of this aspect are the subject of the corresponding dependent claim.

[0045] Furthermore, a further aspect of the present invention – according to a sixth aspect of the present invention – includes filters and filter materials which comprise the protective filter material according to the invention or which are manufactured using the protective filter material according to the invention, as described in the independent claim relating to filters and filter materials according to the invention. Further advantageous embodiments of this aspect of the present invention are the subject of the dependent claim.It goes without saying that in the following description of the present invention, such embodiments, features, advantages, examples or the like, which are subsequently described – for the purpose of avoiding unnecessary repetition – only with regard to a single aspect of the invention, naturally also apply to the other aspects of the invention without the need for express mention.

[0046] Furthermore, it goes without saying that the following specifications of values, numbers and ranges are not to be understood as limiting; it is self-evident to the person skilled in the art that deviations from the specified ranges or specifications are possible in individual cases or depending on the application, without leaving the scope of the present invention.

[0047] Furthermore, all values ​​and parameters mentioned below can generally be determined using standardized or explicitly specified methods, or alternatively, using methods familiar to a person skilled in the field. Unless otherwise stated, the underlying values ​​and parameters are determined under standard conditions (i.e., at a temperature of 20 °C and / or a pressure of 1013.25 hPa or 1.01325 bar). In particular, measurements can be taken under standard climatic conditions in accordance with DIN EN ISO 139:2011.

[0048] Furthermore, it should be noted that with regard to all relative or percentage quantities listed below, especially those based on weight, it must be ensured that these quantities are selected or combined by a person skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention in such a way that the total always results in 100% or 100% by weight – possibly including further components or ingredients, in particular as defined below. This is self-evident to a person skilled in the art.

[0049] Furthermore, it is understood that the person skilled in the art may, if necessary, deviate from the values ​​or ranges of the quantities or contents of the ingredients or components listed below, depending on the application or the specific case, without leaving the scope of the present invention.

[0050] Furthermore, it goes without saying that individual aspects and embodiments of the present invention shall also be deemed disclosed in any combination with other aspects and embodiments of the present invention, and in particular any combination of features and embodiments as they result from the cross-references of all claims shall be deemed to be extensively disclosed, with regard to all possible combinations.

[0051] In particular, any combination of the features characterizing the invention is also considered disclosed, with embodiments of the same preference for the various features in their combination being preferred (e.g., quantities or quantity ranges of the relevant ingredients of the same preference, or the like). Likewise, all other combinations (i.e., combinations based on different preferences or different levels of preference) are also disclosed.

[0052] Having said that, the present invention will now be described and explained in more detail, also with reference to drawings or figures illustrating preferred embodiments or exemplary embodiments.

[0053] The subject matter of the present invention – according to a first aspect of the present invention – is thus an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material), in particular a textile ABC protective filter material, preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular an ABC protective filter material with high and / or improved tear resistance, [preferably tear resistance, in particular according to DIN EN ISO 13937-2:2000 (leg tear strength)] preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants ("ABC orCBRN protection function"), in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protection filter material with a protection function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved (further) tear strength, wherein the ABC protection filter material is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multi-layered structure, in particular consisting of several interconnected layers, preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protection filter material comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii):.

[0054] (i) a textile carrier layer with two opposite sides, wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) is coated and / or provided with an adhesive preferably applied discontinuously (“first adhesive”) and / or wherein an adhesive preferably applied discontinuously is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”),

[0055] (ii) a protective layer with two opposite sides and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer is connected via one of its two sides to the textile carrier layer, in particular to the side of the carrier layer coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, by means of the adhesive,

[0056] (iii) optionally a textile cover layer, wherein the cover layer is connected to the protective layer, in particular to the side of the protective layer facing away from the carrier layer, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive applied preferably discontinuously to the protective layer, in particular to the side of the protective layer facing away from the carrier layer (“second adhesive”); wherein the textile carrier layer is designed as a fabric with a plurality of warp threads and with a plurality of weft threads;wherein the fabric has floats in the warp direction (= warp floats) and / or in the weft direction (= weft floats), preferably in both the warp and weft directions, and / or wherein at least a portion of the warp threads and / or the weft threads, preferably at least a portion of the warp threads and the weft threads, is designed to float, in particular wherein the floats in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads and / or span these each, and / or in particular wherein the floats in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads and / or span these each;and / or, preferably, wherein a portion of the warp threads is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), (i.e., a portion of the warp threads has multiple, in particular double, (thread) insertions and / or is formed) and / or a portion of the weft threads is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), (i.e., a portion of the weft threads has multiple, in particular double, (thread) insertions and / or is formed), preferably wherein a portion of the warp threads is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and a portion of the weft threads is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double).

[0057] The fabric used as a textile backing layer thus exhibits very specific or precisely controlled floats of the aforementioned type. According to the invention, it is particularly provided that the fabric does not have a plain weave and / or is free of a plain weave. In particular, the fabric is not designed as a plain weave fabric. As detailed below, the fabric used as a textile backing layer within the scope of the present invention can, in particular, be a ripstop fabric in a twill weave.

[0058] With regard to the present invention, the applicant has surprisingly found that the mechanical stability and resistance of the protective filter material as a whole can be further increased and improved by the targeted technical measure according to the invention, whereby the textile carrier layer underlying the protective filter material according to the invention is designed in the form of a special fabric, and in particular with regard to the targeted use of floats and / or multiple, especially double, warp threads or weft threads inserted in this way (which are present alongside single warp threads or single weft threads), particularly with regard to its tear resistance. Thus, the protective filter material according to the invention exhibits improved tear resistance and strength.

[0059] As detailed below, the mechanical resistance, in particular the tear resistance, of the protective filter material according to the invention can be further and significantly increased by targeted technical measures, especially by a specially adapted or designed adhesive application for bonding the carrier layer to the other layers, particularly to the protective layer, which may, for example, be based on adsorptive components or have a particle or aerosol filter function. Furthermore, special yarns can be used within the framework of the inventive concept, which lead to a further stabilization of the fabric used as the carrier layer, with a positive influence on the tear resistance. Reference can also be made to the following explanations in this regard.

[0060] As a result of using a specially designed fabric as a textile carrier layer for the protective filter material according to the invention, wherein the fabric has a special arrangement of warp and weft threads forming the fabric, namely on the one hand based on floats in the warp direction or in the weft direction and on the other hand based on a special thread arrangement, namely that a part of the warp threads or the weft threads is drawn or inserted multiple times, in particular twice (doubled) into the fabric, a significant improvement in the (further) tearing behavior with an increase in the (further) tear strength is achieved, particularly in both the warp and weft directions.

[0061] Moreover, it is completely surprising that other material-specific properties, such as air permeability, seam and tensile strength, pliability or flexibility, are maintained or even improved to the same extent.

[0062] According to the invention, the special design of the textile carrier layer as a woven fabric with floats and multiple, in particular double (double), warp and weft threads results in a protective filter material with improved tear resistance and increased tear strength. This provides greater mechanical resistance and thus improved protection against harmful substances and toxins, even under or after severe mechanical stress, as the protective filter material is not destroyed even under high tearing forces and is more resistant overall. Due to its high mechanical strength, particularly its excellent tear resistance, the formation, propagation, and progression of cracks are significantly reduced or prevented.

[0063] The protective filter material according to the invention is not destroyed even under high mechanical stress and thus retains its integrity, thereby maintaining its protective function or providing a more resistant protective function against harmful and toxic substances (chemical warfare agents). In particular, the formation of larger penetration points for harmful or toxic substances can be prevented due to the high tear resistance, so that an extremely efficient and durable protective filter material is provided according to the invention.

[0064] Within the scope of the present invention, it is particularly such that—without relying on or limiting ourselves to this theory—the respective warp and weft threads exhibit relatively high yarn mobility due to the presence of floats, so that when subjected to a corresponding tearing or propagation stress, they are pushed together or bundled, thus forming a kind of mechanical reinforcement. This effect can be vividly described as a "bundle effect" or "cable effect," whereby, as a result of the floats, the warp and weft threads are pushed together or bundled together, particularly in the tearing area or tear triangle, when subjected to a forceful tearing or propagation stress, thus forming a bundle.This results in a local reinforcement of the material in the tear area, especially the tear triangle, due to the bundle effect, leading to increased tear resistance and tear propagation strength, since a yarn or thread bundle is created under (prolonged) tearing stress, accompanied by increased resistance under tear propagation stress.

[0065] Similarly, without relying on or limiting itself to this theory, the present invention provides that, in the case of a tearing force acting in the warp direction, the weft threads running transversely to the warp yarns are displaced by the floats and, in particular, form a yarn or thread bundle in the tearing area or tearing triangle, thereby significantly hindering further tearing. Similarly, according to the invention, when a tearing force acts in the weft direction, the warp yarns are displaced by the floats and form a corresponding reinforcement in the tearing area or tearing triangle through yarn or thread bundling. This also counteracts further tearing.

[0066] The tear resistance of the protective filter material according to the invention, or of the underlying carrier layer in the form of the fabric, is further increased by the fact that, as previously mentioned, the fabric can contain multiple, in particular double, warp threads and / or multiple, in particular double, weft threads, in addition to or supplementing single warp threads or single weft threads. The multiple, in particular double, warp threads or weft threads result in a further reinforcement of the underlying carrier layer, particularly in synergistic interaction with the at least partially floating warp or weft threads.

[0067] The multiple, especially double, warp threads or the correspondingly inserted weft threads provide additional reinforcement within the fabric, thus offering supplementary mechanical resistance against further tearing and thereby increasing its tensile strength. In particular, the multiple warp threads or weft threads can also reinforce the backing layer through the aforementioned bundling effect. Any floating effect present, even for the multiple, especially double, warp or weft threads, can also increase their mobility within the fabric. This particularly promotes the desired bundling of the underlying yarns or threads in the event of further tearing.

[0068] The multiple, in particular double or double, warp threads or correspondingly inserted weft threads represent – ​​without limiting ourselves to or relying on this theory – within the framework of the concept according to the invention an increase in (further) tear strength or tear-blocking or (further) tear-preventing threads, at which a local reinforcement of the fabric can occur and at which, under (further) tearing stress, further bundling of the other threads exhibiting floats can occur, including all the multiple or double threads drawn in. According to an embodiment of the invention, it can also be provided that the multiple or double threads drawn in also exhibit floats, so that this can also result in yarn mobility or displacement that improves (further) tearing behavior.

[0069] The measures according to the invention, namely the formation of floats on the one hand and the formation of multiple, in particular double, warp threads or multiple, in particular double, weft threads present in the fabric, on the other hand, complement each other beyond the sum of the individual measures. This results in an increase in tear resistance, in the form of a synergistic effect, which is equally surprising. Furthermore, the tear resistance can be positively influenced again by a specific application of the adhesive used to attach the protective layer to the fabric serving as the carrier layer, which will be discussed in more detail below.

[0070] Based on the technical measures according to the invention and their coordination, the overall tear resistance properties can be significantly improved, resulting in a tear-resistant product in the form of the protective filter material according to the invention. Other textile-physical properties and parameters are not adversely affected. For example, the textile carrier layer, in the form of the special fabric, continues to exhibit high air and water vapor permeability, as well as defined properties with regard to tensile stress (maximum tensile force) and dimensional stability. Low basis weights can also be achieved for the textile carrier layer, in the form of the special fabric, and for the protective filter material as a whole. In particular, high flexibility and pliability are also maintained, which benefits wearer comfort in the case of protective clothing.

[0071] Therefore, the protective filter material according to the invention is particularly suitable for the manufacture of, or use in, protective clothing, especially since its properties (high air and water vapor permeability, high flexibility, and very good haptic properties) also ensure a high level of wearing comfort. For example, heat build-up can be avoided even under high physical exertion by the wearer of the protective clothing. Due to the high flexibility of the material, protective clothing manufactured on this basis is supple and consequently comfortable to wear. Ensuring a high level of wearing comfort is also significant because it further reduces physical and physiological stress on the wearer of the protective clothing, which is particularly important under adverse operating conditions and high levels of exertion.This is of further benefit to the user of the protective clothing.

[0072] The properties of the protective filter material according to the invention are also advantageous for the use or design of (technical) filters or technical filter applications according to the invention, since stable filters or filter systems can be realized on this basis, which also exhibit high throughput and high efficiency with regard to the media to be purified. In addition, such filters exhibit high dimensional accuracy and ease of handling in filter applications.

[0073] Overall, the protective filter material according to the invention is therefore also suitable for technical filter applications due to its properties, for example, for use in (technical) filters or filter materials, such as those used for removing pollutants, odors, and toxins of all kinds, for example, from air or gas streams. Due to its high air permeability, a high filter efficiency is achieved for a given flow rate of the medium to be purified, and this is accompanied by equally high mechanical resistance of the underlying filters.

[0074] Furthermore, due to the highly specific combination and coordination of the underlying technical measures according to the invention, the protective filter material according to the invention combines even contradictory or diametrically opposed product properties in one and the same material: In addition to high mechanical resistance and stability, it also exhibits high air and water vapor permeability, as well as flexibility, as previously mentioned. Moreover, the properties underlying the protective filter material according to the invention allow for a simple and industrially scalable production process, and the filter material is also easily standardized and exhibits uniformly reproducible or precisely adjustable properties.Furthermore, the protective filter material can be well processed, especially into protective clothing items and (technical) filters or the like.

[0075] The high tear resistance of the protective filter material according to the invention is also associated in particular with a high stability and durability of the protective filter material of protective articles (for example, protective clothing or technical filters) manufactured on this basis.

[0076] In particular, the tear resistance can be used as a measure of the high overall stability of the protective filter material according to the invention and of products manufactured therefrom. Specifically, with regard to the protective filter material according to the invention, minor and localized damage to the material, such as small tears or cuts, as well as point punctures or the like, does not lead to further tearing and thus not to a complete loss of protective performance, even under further mechanical stress. This is of central importance for ensuring a high level of protection against pollutants and toxins. Furthermore, the composite or laminate-like structure underlying the protective filter material according to the invention, based on its layered construction, also exhibits high stability.The protective filter material according to the invention thus also exhibits high resistance to delamination or the destruction of the overall layer structure, for example, by the separation of individual layers. Consequently, the protective filter material according to the invention can be easily processed or cut to size, for example, for cut pieces for the production of protective clothing or the like. Due to its excellent mechanical properties, the protective filter material according to the invention also exhibits high wash resistance and high abrasion resistance. Overall, the protective filter material according to the invention can withstand strong mechanical or forceful stress, in particular high tensile or tearing stress, such as occurs, for example, in the case of protective clothing during military operations or in operations for hazard control or disaster relief.

[0077] In summary, the applicant has surprisingly discovered that the mechanical properties, namely the (continued) tear resistance, of a special fabric used as a textile carrier layer, particularly for a protective layer (for example, based on an adsorption, particle, or aerosol filter material), can be significantly improved (which also applies accordingly to the protective filter material according to the invention). The fabric comprises a warp thread system based on a plurality of warp threads and a weft thread system based on a plurality of weft threads, wherein, on the one hand, the fabric has floats in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, or a portion of the warp or weft threads are floating, and, on the other hand, a portion of the warp threads are drawn multiple times, in particular twice, or a portion of the weft threads are inserted multiple times, in particular twice.Furthermore, a special adhesive application to the fabric, described below, can ensure the formation of a high (further) tear resistance for attaching the protective layer.

[0078] In the protective filter material according to the invention, particularly with a protective function against chemical, biological, nuclear, or radioactive pollutants or toxins, the tear and tear propagation resistance can be significantly increased or improved compared to prior art materials, for example by a factor of 1.25, preferably 1.5, preferably 2 or more, based on such a concept. In particular, high air and water vapor permeability is still ensured, along with high tensile and seam load capacity as well as high pliability or flexibility, as previously mentioned.

[0079] Overall, the protective filter material according to the invention particularly meets the high performance requirements for protective filter materials in the field of ABC and CBRN protection. The term "fabric," as used in the present invention, especially for the textile construction of the carrier layer, is to be understood broadly and refers in particular to a textile fabric which has or consists of a thread arrangement or structure based on a warp thread system formed by warp threads (also referred to as chains or warp yarns) on the one hand and a weft thread system formed by weft threads (also referred to as weft yarns) on the other. The warp threads and weft threads, or the warp thread system and weft thread system, can intersect in a regular or patterned manner, and in particular at an angle of approximately 90° or nearly 90°.The fabric can have special warp and / or weft types or styles. According to the invention, the fabric particularly features floats and multiple warp threads or multiple weft threads.

[0080] In general, the fabric used according to the invention is characterized in such a way that the warp threads run or are drawn in at least in the longitudinal direction of the fabric, in particular at least substantially parallel to the fabric edge, and that the weft threads run or are drawn in at least substantially in the transverse direction, in particular substantially parallel to the fabric edge. Preferably, the warp and weft threads cross over each other in the fabric at respective binding or crossing points. In this respect, a friction-fit connection of the respective threads preferably exists in a fabric. Within the scope of the present invention, it is particularly such that the corresponding binding or crossing points are, so to speak, bridged by the provided floats. The formation of floats reduces the number of crossing points with a high friction-fit connection.

[0081] Within the scope of the present invention, it has been achieved in a completely surprising manner to adjust the frictional engagement and the associated shear strength or yarn mobility of the warp and weft threads underlying the fabric in such a way that, in the event of (further) tearing stress, the previously described bundling of the threads or yarns and the further stabilization of the fabric are ensured or realized. The term "floating" (also referred to synonymously as "floating") is to be understood broadly within the scope of the present invention and refers, in particular with regard to a respective warp or weft thread, to the distance between two binding or crossing points and, in this context, thus especially to a thread segment of a respective warp or weft thread which is connected over a defined plurality, i.e., over at least two, to threads running at least substantially transversely to it.The term "float" refers to a design in which the float extends over or spans at least two threads of the other thread system (weft thread system in the case of warp floats and warp thread system in the case of weft floats). A float is characterized in particular by the fact that the floating thread section extends over or spans at least two threads of the respective other thread system (weft thread system in the case of warp floats and warp thread system in the case of weft floats). Furthermore, a float or the floating (thread) section is specifically limited or enclosed by the respective binding or crossing points. According to the invention, the term "float" refers in particular to a design in which the floats extend over or span at least two weft threads in the warp direction, or in which the floats extend over or span at least two warp threads in the weft direction.

[0082] Within the scope of the present invention, with regard to the intended floats, it is particularly such, without limiting oneself to or relying on this theory, that under corresponding (further) tearing stress, due to the high mobility of the underlying thread sections or the floating threads as a whole, a clumping or bundling of adjacent (thread) groups is made possible, which leads to a stabilization and interruption of the fabric and interruption or prevention of (further) tearing.

[0083] In particular, within a group of adjacent warp threads, the multiple, especially double, warp threads each have an identical thread path relative to one another, especially with regard to the sequence of floats or the sequence of thread lifts or lowerings. Furthermore, within a group of adjacent weft threads, the multiple, especially double, weft threads each have an identical thread path relative to one another, especially with regard to the sequence of floats or the sequence of thread lifts or lowerings. The term "twill weave" is to be understood very broadly within the scope of the present invention and refers in particular to an underlying (basic) weave type of the fabric with the presence of a corresponding thread float, as defined herein.In particular, the underlying thread float can be arranged in a stepped, offset pattern with respect to adjacent or parallel threads. Specifically, the fabric can have a twill weave as its basic weave.

[0084] Furthermore, the term "multiple, in particular double (double) inserted warp threads" or "multiple, in particular double (double) inserted weft threads" as used in the present invention refers in particular to a specific arrangement or specific course of the warp threads or weft threads in the fabric.

[0085] In connection with the formation of multiple, in particular double, warp threads and multiple, in particular double, weft threads, it can be provided according to the invention in particular that the fabric has a ripstop weave (ripstop construction).

[0086] In further connection with the formation of floats in relation to the simply inserted warp threads or simply inserted weft threads, the fabric can, according to the invention, in particular be designed as a ripstop fabric in twill weave.

[0087] According to the invention, the terms "yarn" and "thread" are to be understood equally broadly. In particular, the terms "yarn" and "thread" are used synonymously, with the aforementioned terms generally representing a collective term for all linear textile structures. Fundamentally, the yarn or thread can be monofilament or multifilament. In particular, the yarn or thread can have one or more fibers or filaments. Alternatively, the yarn or thread can also be fiber yarn. Furthermore, a sheath / core yarn (also referred to synonymously as core / sheath yarn or core / cover yarn) or a core yarn can be used. In general, corresponding combinations can also be used. Reference can also be made to the following explanations in this regard.Regarding the term "(continued) tear strength," also referred to synonymously as "(continued) tear resistance" or the like, used within the scope of the present invention, this term refers in particular to the property of a textile material, specifically the protective filter material according to the invention or the fabric used as a textile backing layer, to withstand an applied (continued) tearing stress. In particular, this term refers to the resistance of a material to the further tearing or rupture of an already damaged or already (pre-)torn section of the material. In this context, the term "(continued) tear force" refers in particular to the force acting on a textile material which is required to cause (continued) tearing of damage already present or introduced into the material, in particular in the form of a defined cut or tear.The (continued) tear strength of a textile material represents an important and established criterion for evaluating the mechanical resistance of corresponding textile materials.

[0088] Within the scope of the present invention, the (continued) tear strength is determined and specified, in particular based on the so-called (continued) tear force according to the leg method or on the basis of the leg (continued) tear force, specifically in accordance with DIN ISO 13937-2, which is also referenced in the harmonized standard for chemical protective suits DIN SPEC 19429. In this context, the (continued) tear force can be determined, in particular, by cutting a rectangular specimen in the center, wherein the specimen length is, for example, 100 mm or 200 mm with a longitudinal cut of 50 mm or 100 mm in the center, respectively, and the specimen width is, for example, 50 mm or 200 mm. The investigations and tests can be carried out, in particular, on a ZwickRoell GmbH & Co. KG type Z005 testing machine. The (continued) tear force is specified in Newtons (N).

[0089] The present invention is described below with reference to preferred embodiments and illustrative drawings and figures, the descriptions of which apply to all aspects of the invention and in no way being limiting. The figures show:

[0090] Fig. 1A shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an ABC protective filter material 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the protective filter material 1 comprises, in the sequence shown, a textile carrier layer 3, a protective layer 5, in this case based in particular on spherical adsorber particles 5c, and a textile cover layer 6 on the side of the protective layer 5 or the adsorber particles 5c facing away from the carrier layer 3; in addition, Fig. 1A illustrates the bonding of the respective layers to form a laminate using a discontinuously applied adhesive 4 for bonding the protective layer 5 or the adsorber particles 5c to the carrier layer 3 and using a further adhesive 7 for bonding the protective layer 5 or the adsorber particles 5c to the textile cover layer 6;

[0091] Fig. 1 B shows a further schematic cross-sectional view of an ABC protective filter material 1 according to a further embodiment of the present invention, in which the protective layer 5 arranged between the textile support layer 3 and the textile cover layer 6 is formed on the basis of a fibrous or filamentous adsorption material 5d or in the form of an adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure);

[0092] Fig. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an ABC protective filter material 1 according to the invention, wherein the protective filter material 1 has a textile support layer 3, a textile cover layer 6, and a protective layer 5 arranged between them, which is bonded to the textile support layer 3 by means of a discontinuously applied adhesive 4 and to the textile cover layer 6 by means of a (further) adhesive 7, wherein the protective layer 5 is designed as a particle or aerosol filter layer 5e, for example in the form of a HEPA filter (High Efficiency Penetration or Particulate Air). Fig. 3A shows a further schematic cross-sectional view of an ABC protective filter material 1 in which a protective layer 5 is arranged between the textile support layer 3 and the textile cover layer 6, which is based on a combination of a layered arrangement of adsorber particles 5c and an additional particle or aerosol filter layer 5e.an aerosol filter layer 5e is formed, wherein the adsorber particles are arranged on the functional side 3a of the textile support layer 3 and wherein the particle or aerosol filter layer is arranged on the side of the adsorber particles facing away from the textile support layer; Fig. 3A shows equally the discontinuous bonding of the protective layer 5 or the adsorber particles 5c to the textile support layer 3 via the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive"), the use of a further adhesive 7 ("second adhesive") for fixing the protective layer 5 or the particle or aerosol filter layer 5e to the textile cover layer 6, and the use of yet another adhesive 8 ("third adhesive") for fixing or bonding the adsorber particles 5c to the particle or aerosol filter layer 5e;.

[0093] Fig. 3B shows a further schematic cross-sectional view of an ABC protective filter material 1 according to the invention, wherein the protective filter material 1 shown in Fig. 3B corresponds to that shown in Fig. 3A with the proviso that instead of the adsorber particles 5c a fibrous or filamentous adsorption material 5d in the form of an adsorptive surface structure is used;

[0094] Fig. 4 shows a schematic top view of a fabric 3c used as a textile carrier layer 3 according to the invention, wherein the fabric 3c has warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e and wherein the fabric has floats 3f, 3g in the warp direction (= warp floats 3f) and in the weft direction (= weft floats 3g), wherein the floats 3f each extend over or span two weft threads 3e and wherein the floats 3g in the weft direction each extend over or span two warp threads 3d; Furthermore, Fig. 4 shows that a portion of the warp threads 3d is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice, i.e., that a portion of the warp threads 3d has multiple, in particular two, (thread) insertion 3h, and that a portion of the weft threads 3e is entered multiple times, in particular twice, i.e., that a portion of the weft threads 3e has multiple, in particular two, (thread) insertion 3i, i.e., is formed; furthermore, Fig.4 indicates that the fabric 3c can be designed as a ripstop with twill weave;.

[0095] Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation in the form of a binding cartridge of a fabric 3c used as a carrier layer 3 according to the invention, wherein the fabric 3c is a ripstop fabric in twill weave, and in particular, the fabric 3c is a ripstop fabric in twill weave; in particular, Fig. 5 illustrates the design of the floats 3f in the warp direction and the warp floats 3f, as well as the multiple, in particular double, thread draw-in 3h, 3i; in Fig. 5, the unfilled or white fields or boxes each represent a thread sink or warp sink, and the hatched boxes or fields each represent a thread lift or warp lift;

[0096] Fig. 6A shows a further schematic cross-sectional view of an ABC protective filter material 1 according to the invention, comprising a textile carrier layer 3, a protective layer 5 (based in particular on spherical adsorber particles 5c) and a textile cover layer 6, and the bonding of the respective layers based on the adhesive 4 and the further adhesive 7 (see also Fig. 1A), wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 also has an outer layer 9 (top fabric), wherein the outer layer 9 is arranged on the side of the cover layer 6 facing away from the protective layer 5;

[0097] Fig. 6B shows another schematic cross-sectional view of an ABC protective filter material 1, in which the protective layer 5 is formed on the basis of a combination of a layered arrangement of adsorber particles 5c and an additional particle or aerosol filter layer 5e, wherein the protective layer 5 is arranged between the textile carrier layer 3 and the cover layer 6, and wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 also has an outer layer 9 (outer fabric) on the cover layer 6, the outer layer 9 being arranged on the side of the cover layer 6 facing away from the protective layer 5. The figures according to Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B, Fig. 2, as well as Fig. 3A, Fig. 3B and Fig. 6A, 6B (and the further figures) illustrate in particular the first aspect of the present invention, namely, according to the invention, an ABC protective filter material 1 (CBRN protective filter material),preferably for use in a textile NBC protective garment, in particular NBC protective filter material 1 with high and / or improved (propagation) tear strength (preferably tear propagation strength), preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile NBC protective filter material 1 with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved (propagation) tear strength, is proposed, wherein the NBC protective filter material 1 is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multi-layered structure 2, in particular from several interconnected layers 3, 4, 5, preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the NBC protective filter material 1 comprises,in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and, where applicable, (iii):,

[0098] (i) a textile carrier layer 3 with two opposite sides 3a, 3b, wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a is coated and / or provided with an adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) preferably applied discontinuously and / or wherein an adhesive 4 (preferably applied discontinuously) is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a,

[0099] (ii) a protective layer 5 with two opposing sides 5a, 5b and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer 5 is connected via one of its two sides 5a by means of the adhesive 4 to the textile carrier layer 3, in particular to the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 which is coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer 6, wherein the cover layer 6 is connected to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded,in particular by means of an adhesive 7 (“second adhesive”) applied preferably discontinuously to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3; wherein the textile carrier layer 3 is designed as a fabric 3c with a plurality of warp threads 3d and with a plurality of weft threads 3e; wherein the fabric 3c has floats 3f, 3g in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in both the warp and weft directions, and / or wherein at least a part of the warp threads 3d and / or the weft threads 3e, preferably at least a part of the warp threads 3d and the weft threads 3e, is designed to float.in particular wherein the floats 3f in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads 3e and / or each span over them and / or in particular wherein the floats 3g in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads 3d and / or each span over them; and / or, preferably, wherein a portion of the warp threads 3d is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a portion of the weft threads 3e is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a portion of the warp threads 3d is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double) (warp threads 3d with multiple, in particular twice, (thread) insertion 3h) and a portion of the weft threads 3e is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double) (weft threads 3e with multiple, in particular twice, (thread) insertion 3i).

[0100] According to the invention, the fabric 3c used as the textile carrier layer 3 is such that the fabric 3c has warp floats 3f and / or weft floats 3g. Furthermore, the fabric 3c used as the textile carrier layer 3 is, in particular, such that a portion of the warp threads 3d have multiple, especially double, thread insertions 3h and / or is formed, or that a portion of the weft threads 3e have multiple, especially double, thread insertions 3i. Reference can also be made to the illustrations in Figures 4 and 5 for further details.

[0101] In connection with the special configuration of the floats in the carrier layer 3 provided for in the invention, the fabric 3c exhibits a high overall tear strength, particularly since efficient bundling or aligning of the respective threads is possible under corresponding force stress due to the defined yarn mobility. However, according to the invention, the fabric 3c also exhibits high shear strength overall, thus also possessing high dimensional stability.

[0102] In connection with the presence of the aforementioned floats of the warp threads and / or the weft threads, according to the invention it is particularly such that the fabric 3c has a twill weave or can be formed on the basis of a twill weave.

[0103] Particularly with regard to the embodiment preferably provided according to the invention, in which the fabric 3c has a twill weave or can be formed on the basis of a twill weave, or in which the fabric 3c has the floats described in the invention, it is particularly provided that the fabric 3c does not have a plain weave and / or is free of a plain weave. In particular, the fabric 3c is not formed as a plain weave fabric in this respect. As detailed herein, the fabric 3c used as the textile carrier layer 3 can, in particular, be a ripstop fabric in a twill weave within the scope of the present invention.

[0104] The presence of warp threads with multiple, in particular double, thread insertions 3h or of weft threads with multiple, in particular double, thread insertions 3i results in further stabilization of the fabric 3c with regard to high tear resistance. In particular, further mechanical stabilization is achieved, also with regard to preventing the formation of tears or the like in the event of tearing stress. As previously explained, according to the invention, a portion of the threads forming the fabric are present with multiple, in particular double, thread insertions 3h or thread insertions 3i.In this context, it is particularly provided according to the invention that a portion, in particular the other portion, of the warp threads 3d is simply (single) inserted and / or that a portion, in particular the other portion, of the weft threads 3e is simply (single) inserted, as illustrated in particular in Fig. 4 or Fig. 5. The aforementioned other portion thus refers in particular to the portion of the warp threads 3d or weft threads 3e that differs from the threads that are inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and are therefore simply inserted.

[0105] According to the invention, the textile carrier layer 3 is generally designed as a fabric 3c with a warp thread system formed from a plurality of warp threads 3d and with a weft thread system formed from a plurality of weft threads 3e. In this context, the floats in the warp direction and / or the portion of the floating warp threads 3d can be part of the warp thread system and / or form the warp thread system, and / or, preferably, wherein the floats in the weft direction and / or the portion of the floating weft threads 3e are part of the weft thread system and / or can form the weft thread system. Reference can also be made in particular to Figures 4 and 5.

[0106] As illustrated particularly in Fig. 4, the warp threads 3d, especially in the warp thread system, can be arranged at least substantially parallel to each other, and / or, preferably, the

[0107] Weft threads 3e, in particular in the weft thread system, at least in

[0108] They should be arranged essentially parallel to each other. Fig. 4 also illustrates that the warp threads 3d, in particular in the

[0109] warp thread system, at least substantially perpendicular to the weft threads 3e, or that the weft threads 3e, in particular in the weft thread system, are arranged at least substantially perpendicular to the warp threads 3d.

[0110] According to the invention, with regard to providing high (continued) tear strength, the floats 3f, 3g are designed such that, under the influence of a forceful (continued) tearing stress, threads 3d, 3e, arranged at least substantially parallel and / or in a common direction, in particular in the warp direction or in the weft direction, preferably adjacent to each other, are pushed together and / or bundled at least partially and / or at least sectionally.Furthermore, according to the invention, it is particularly provided that the floats 3f, 3g are designed such that, after the application of a forceful (further) tearing stress, threads 3d, 3e, arranged at least substantially parallel and / or in a common direction, in particular in the warp direction or in the weft direction, preferably adjacent to each other, are at least partially and / or at least sectionally pushed together and / or bundled and / or are present in a pushed-together and / or bundled arrangement.

[0111] In this context, under the influence of a forceful (continued) tearing stress, particularly in the area of ​​the (continued) tear point or in a tear area or tear triangle, a displacement or bundling of individual threads can occur or be caused, resulting in a local reinforcement of the material, which necessitates a higher (continued) tearing force. This can effectively prevent (continued) tearing. In this context, threads with multiple, especially double, thread insertions 3h or 3i also lead to further mechanical reinforcement of the material or the underlying fabric 3c, thus further increasing the (continued) tear resistance.

[0112] According to the invention, the fabric 3c is configured in such a way that the floats 3f are formed in the warp direction such that, under the influence of a forceful (continued) tearing stress, preferably adjacent warp threads 3d are at least partially and / or at least sectionally pushed together and / or bundled. In particular, the floats 3f can be configured in the warp direction such that, under the influence of a forceful (continued) tearing stress, preferably adjacent warp threads 3d are at least partially and / or at least sectionally pushed together and / or bundled, and / or are present in a pushed-together and / or bundled arrangement.According to the invention, it is specifically provided that the floats 3g are configured in the weft direction such that, under the influence of a force-induced (continued) tearing stress, preferably adjacent weft threads 3e are at least partially and / or at least sectionally pushed together and / or bundled. In particular, the floats 3g can be configured in the weft direction such that, under the influence of a preferably load-induced (continued) tearing stress, preferably adjacent weft threads 3e are at least partially and / or at least sectionally pushed together and / or bundled, and / or are present in a pushed-together and / or bundled arrangement, as described below and illustrated in Figures 4 and 5.

[0113] Furthermore, according to the invention, it is particularly provided that the floats 3f in the warp direction and / or the floating warp threads 3d, particularly in the warp thread system, are arranged at least substantially parallel to each other and / or at least substantially parallel to any non-floating warp threads 3d that may be present. Furthermore, according to the invention, it is particularly provided that the floats 3f in the weft direction and / or the floating weft threads 3e, particularly in the weft thread system, are arranged at least substantially parallel to each other and / or at least substantially parallel to any non-floating weft threads 3e that may be present.This ensures particularly good overall displacement of the respective threads 3d, 3e under (further) tensile stress, accompanied by efficient compression or bundling of the parallel threads 3d, 3e. Regarding the arrangement of the respective floats, reference can also be made to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.

[0114] According to an embodiment of the invention, the floats 3f in the warp direction and / or the floating warp threads 3d, particularly in the warp thread system, are arranged at least substantially perpendicular to the floats in the weft direction and / or at least substantially perpendicular to the floating weft threads 3e, or are arranged at least substantially perpendicular to the non-floating weft threads 3e that may be present.Furthermore, the floats 3g in the weft direction and / or the floating weft threads 3e, particularly in the weft thread system, can be arranged at least substantially perpendicular to the floats in the warp direction and / or at least substantially perpendicular to the floating warp threads 3d and / or at least substantially perpendicular to any non-floating warp threads 3d that may be present. In this way, optimal stabilization or an increase in the (prolonged) tear strength can be achieved in both the warp and weft directions. It also follows that the (prolonged) tear strength can be increased in all directions with respect to the main plane of extension of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c.This ensures high tear resistance, virtually independent of the direction of the applied tearing stress, particularly since the bundling or clustering of the threads, especially those exhibiting floats, can occur in both the warp and weft directions. Reference can also be made to Fig. 4.

[0115] As shown in Fig. 4 and further illustrated in Fig. 5, according to the invention, the floats 3f along a respective warp thread path are formed by (exactly) one warp thread 3d, preferably by a single (single) inserted warp thread 3d. The warp threads having the floats in this respect can, in particular, be single (single) inserted warp threads 3d. Furthermore, the floats 3g along a respective weft thread path can be formed by (exactly) one weft thread 3e, preferably by a single (single) inserted weft thread 3e. In this respect, the weft threads having the floats can be formed by single (single) inserted weft threads 3e.

[0116] Regarding the following explanations concerning the floats 3f and 3g, the information on the extent and the number of successive thread lifts can also be used as a measure of the length of each float. In this context, the relevant warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e exhibit optimal properties with respect to the displacement, lateral arrangement, and bundling required under (continued) tensile stress. As for the floats 3f in the warp direction, the following configurations have proven particularly advantageous.

[0117] In particular, according to the invention, the floats 3f can extend in the warp direction, especially in the warp thread system, over at least two weft threads 3e, preferably over (exactly) two weft threads 3e, or span these. In other words, the floats 3f are such that they bridge at least two weft threads 3e, preferably (exactly) two weft threads 3e.

[0118] Furthermore, within the scope of the present invention, it can be such that the floats 3f in the warp direction, particularly in the warp thread system, extend over at most five weft threads 3e, in particular over at most four weft threads 3e, preferably over at most three weft threads 3e, preferably over at most two weft threads 3e, and / or span these.

[0119] Furthermore, according to the invention, it can be provided that the floats 3f in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, extend over two to five weft threads 3e, in particular two to four weft threads 3e, and / or span these.

[0120] In particular, according to a preferred embodiment, it can be provided that the floats 3f in the warp direction, especially in the warp thread system, each extend over (exactly) two weft threads 3e and / or span them.

[0121] The aforementioned configurations and lengths of the floats 3f in the warp direction achieve, on the one hand, high thread and yarn mobility, which benefits the displacement and bundling of the warp threads 3d exhibiting the floats 3f under (further) tensile stress, while, on the other hand, a defined shear strength is still maintained, so that the integrity and stability of the fabric 3c as such is still guaranteed. With regard to the floats 3f of the warp threads 3d, it can, according to the invention, be provided in particular that the floats 3f in the warp direction, especially in the warp thread system, each have at least two (successive) thread lifts (warp lifts), preferably (exactly) two (successive) thread lifts (warp lifts).

[0122] In particular, the floats 3f in the warp direction, especially in the warp thread system, can each have at most five (successive) thread lifts (warp lifts), in particular at most four (successive) thread lifts (warp lifts), preferably at most three (successive) thread lifts (warp lifts), preferably at most two (successive) thread lifts (warp lifts).

[0123] According to the invention, it can be provided in this context in particular that the floats 3f in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each have two to five (successive) thread lifts (warp lifts), in particular two to four (successive) thread lifts (warp lifts).

[0124] Furthermore, according to a particularly preferred embodiment, it can be provided that the floats 3f in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each have (exactly) two (successive) thread lifts (warp lifts).

[0125] According to the present invention, the floats 3f can be terminated and / or enclosed at their respective ends, in particular at both ends, by at least one thread sink (warp sink), in particular (exactly) one thread sink (warp sink). This can also be seen in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.

[0126] In this context, according to the invention, it can be provided that along a warp thread 3d there is, so to speak, a series of respective floats 3f, which are each separated from one another by at least one thread sink (warp sink), preferably by (exactly) one thread sink (warp sink). This leads to particularly good displacement of the warp threads 3d and bundling in the event of (further) tensile stress. According to the invention, it can be provided in particular that at least a portion of the warp threads 3d, or the warp threads 3d, preferably along the respective warp thread path and / or with respect to the respective warp thread extension, are each at least substantially continuous and / or at least substantially completely floating.In particular, it may be provided that the floats 3f are present and / or arranged at least substantially along the entire warp thread path and / or at least substantially along the entire warp thread extension of the respective warp threads 3d. This also promotes the displaceability or mobility of the respective warp threads 3d under (further) tensile stress.

[0127] According to the invention, it can also be provided that at least a part of the warp threads 3d or the warp threads 3d, preferably along the respective warp thread path and / or with respect to the respective warp thread extension, each has at least one float 3f, in particular at least two floats 3f, preferably a plurality of floats 3f, with respect to the weave repeat of the fabric 3c and / or with respect to a single warp thread 3d having the floats 3f.

[0128] In this regard, it can also be provided according to the invention that at least a part of the warp threads 3d or the warp threads 3d, preferably along the respective warp thread path and / or with respect to the respective warp thread extension, each has a number of floats 3f in the range of 2 to 50, in particular in the range of 2 to 40, preferably in the range of 3 to 30, preferably in the range of 4 to 20, with respect to the binding repeat of the fabric 3c and / or with respect to a single warp thread 3d having the floats 3f.

[0129] The above numerical values ​​regarding the number of floats therefore refer to a single 3d warp thread as such.

[0130] The following section will discuss the design of the floats 3g in relation to the weft threads 3e. According to the invention, it can be provided, in particular, that the floats 3g extend in the weft direction, especially in the weft thread system, over at least two warp threads 3d, preferably over (exactly) two warp threads, and / or span these.

[0131] Furthermore, the floats 3g in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system, can each extend over a maximum of five warp threads 3d, in particular over a maximum of four warp threads 3d, preferably over a maximum of three warp threads 3d, preferably over a maximum of two warp threads 3d, and / or span these.

[0132] Furthermore, the floats 3g in the weft direction, particularly in the weft thread system, can each extend over two to five warp threads 3d, particularly over two to four warp threads 3d, and / or span these. In particular, it can be provided according to the invention that the floats 3g in the weft direction, particularly in the weft thread system, each extend over (exactly) two warp threads 3d and / or span these.

[0133] Furthermore, according to the invention, it can be provided that the floats 3g in the weft direction, in particular in the weft yarn system, each have at least two (successive) thread sinks, preferably (exactly) two (successive) thread sinks.

[0134] Furthermore, the floats can be 3g in the direction of fire, especially in the

[0135] Weft thread system, each with a maximum of five (consecutive)

[0136] Thread dimpling, in particular at most four (consecutive)

[0137] Thread sinks, preferably no more than three (consecutive)

[0138] Thread sinkages, preferably at most two (consecutive)

[0139] Thread dips are present.

[0140] Furthermore, the floats 3g in the weft direction, especially in the weft yarn system, can each have two to five (successive) thread sinks, in particular two to four (successive) thread sinks.

[0141] According to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the floats 3g in the weft direction, especially in the weft yarn system, each have (exactly) two (consecutive) thread depressions. According to the invention, it can also be provided that the floats 3g in the weft direction are each terminated and / or enclosed at their respective ends, especially at both ends, by at least one thread lift, in particular (exactly) one thread lift.

[0142] In particular, according to the invention, it may be the case that the floats 3g are arranged consecutively in the weft direction, especially in the weft thread system, in a respective weft thread 3e, in particular wherein the floats 3g in a respective weft thread 3e are each terminated and / or enclosed at the end by at least one thread lift, in particular (exactly) one thread lift.

[0143] The aforementioned statements regarding the formation or arrangement of the thread lifts ("thread lift") or thread lowerings ("thread lowering") of the floating warp threads 3d ("warp lift" or "warp lowering") and the floating weft threads 3e refer to the same top view of the fabric 3c or the carrier layer 3 or to the same side of the material or the visible side of the fabric 3c or the carrier layer 3 as the reference system to be used (i.e., to the same surface view of the fabric 3c or the carrier layer 3).

[0144] Furthermore, according to the invention, it can be provided that at least a part of the weft threads 3e or the weft threads 3e, preferably along the respective weft thread path and / or with respect to the respective weft thread extension, is or are each formed at least substantially continuously and / or at least substantially completely floating.

[0145] In particular, according to the invention, the floats 3g can be present and / or arranged at least substantially along the entire weft thread path and / or at least substantially along the entire weft thread extension of the respective weft threads 3e.

[0146] Furthermore, according to the invention, it can be provided that at least a part of the weft threads 3e or the weft threads 3e, preferably along the respective weft thread path and / or with respect to the respective weft thread extension, each has at least one float 3g, in particular at least two floats 3g, preferably a plurality of floats 3g, with respect to the binding repeat of the fabric 3c and / or with respect to a single weft thread 3e having the floats 3g.

[0147] Furthermore, within the scope of the present invention, it may be provided that at least a part of the weft threads 3e or the weft threads 3e, preferably along the respective weft thread path and / or with respect to the respective weft thread extension, each has a number of floats 3g in the range of 2 to 50, in particular in the range of 2 to 40, preferably in the range of 3 to 30, preferably in the range of 4 to 20, with respect to the binding repeat of the fabric 3c and / or with respect to a single weft thread 3e having the floats 3g.

[0148] Furthermore, the following can be stated regarding the warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e:

[0149] Particularly good properties with regard to thread mobility, or the arrangement or bundling under (continued) tensile stress are also achieved according to the invention if at least every tenth, in particular at least every fifth, preferably every third, preferably every second, especially preferably every, warp thread 3d, preferably simply (single) inserted warp thread 3d, in particular in the warp thread system, is designed to float and / or has floats 3f, in particular as defined above; and / or, preferably, if at least every tenth, in particular at least every fifth, preferably every third, preferably every second, especially preferably every, weft thread 3e, preferably simply (single) inserted weft thread 3e, in particular in the weft thread system, is designed to float and / or has floats 3g, in particular as defined above.

[0150] According to the invention, in this context it can be such that at least 20%, in particular at least 40%, preferably at least 60%, preferably at least 80%, particularly preferably 100% of the warp threads 3d, preferably of the simply (single) inserted warp threads 3d, in particular in the warp thread system and with respect to the total number of warp threads 3d, preferably the total number of simply (single) inserted warp threads 3d, are designed to be floating and / or have floats 3f, in particular as defined above.

[0151] Likewise, according to the invention, it can be provided that at least 20%, in particular at least 40%, preferably at least 60%, preferably at least 80%, particularly preferably 100% of the weft threads 3e, preferably of the simply (single) inserted weft threads 3e, in particular in the weft thread system and with respect to the total number of weft threads 3e, preferably with respect to the total number of simply (single) inserted weft threads 3e, are designed to be floating and / or have floats 3g, in particular as defined above.

[0152] Particularly good properties with regard to (further) tear resistance are achieved if at least 20%, in particular at least 40%, preferably at least 60%, preferably at least 80%, particularly preferably 100% of the warp threads 3, preferably of the simply (single) inserted warp threads 3d, and the weft threads 3e, in particular in the warp thread system and the weft thread system, as well as with regard to the total number of warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e, preferably the total number of simply (single) inserted warp threads 3d and simply (single) inserted weft threads 3e, are designed to be floating and / or have floats 3f, 3g, in particular as defined above.

[0153] In particular, according to the invention, it can be provided that at least 2, in particular at least 4, preferably at least 6, preferably at least 8, particularly preferably at least 10, warp threads 3d arranged side by side and / or successive, in particular simply (single) warp threads 3d, are designed to float and / or have floats 3f, in particular as defined above.

[0154] Similarly, according to the invention, it can be provided that at least 2, in particular at least 4, preferably at least 6, preferably at least 8, particularly preferably at least 10, weft threads 3e arranged side by side and / or consecutively, in particular simply (single) inserted weft threads 3e, are designed to float and / or have floats 3g, in particular as defined above. Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that each warp thread 3d, in particular in the warp thread system, is designed to float and / or has floats 3f and / or wherein the warp threads 3d as a whole and / or all warp threads 3d are designed to float and / or have floats 3f and / or wherein 100% of the warp threads 3d, in particular in the warp thread system and with respect to the total number of warp threads 3d, are designed to float and / or have floats 3f, in particular as defined above.and / or, preferably, that each weft thread 3e, in particular in the weft thread system, is designed to be floating and / or has floats 3g and / or wherein the weft threads 3e as a whole and / or all weft threads 3e are designed to be floating and / or have floats 3g and / or wherein 100% of the weft threads 3e, in particular in the weft thread system and in relation to the total number of warp threads 3d, are designed to be floating and / or have floats 3g, in particular as defined above.;

[0155] Furthermore, the fabric 3c used as a textile carrier layer 3 according to the invention can be designed as follows:

[0156] Thus, the fabric 3c can exhibit a burr formation (burr) and / or burr-like (thread) arrangement, at least in sections and / or areas, particularly in the sections and / or areas formed by simply (single) warp threads 3d and / or simply (single) weft threads 3e. Reference can be made, for example, to Fig. 5. This also results in a defined pattern with respect to the surface of the fabric 3c. In particular, the burr formation results from the specific arrangement of the warp and weft threads 3d, 3e and the corresponding arrangement and formation of the floats 3f, 3g. The provision of a specific burr formation also has a positive influence on the (continued) tear strength, specifically with regard to the controlled displacement of the respective threads to form a thread bundle under forceful (continued) tearing stress.In this context, it can also be provided according to the invention that the respective float paths and / or sequences of adjacent warp threads 3d, in particular of adjacent simply (single) inserted warp threads 3d, are preferably offset and / or displaced from one another along the respective warp thread paths and / or with respect to the warp direction, in particular by at least one weft (thread) row and / or weft (thread) position, in particular so that a burr formation (or burr present) and / or a burr-shaped (thread) arrangement results in the fabric 3c, at least in sections and / or areas.

[0157] Furthermore, the respective float paths and / or sequences of adjacent weft threads 3e, in particular of adjacent simply (single) inserted weft threads 3e, can be offset and / or shifted relative to each other, preferably along the respective weft thread paths and / or with respect to the weft direction, in particular by at least one warp (thread) row and / or warp (thread) position, in particular so that a burr formation (or burr present) and / or burr-shaped (thread) arrangement is at least partially and / or in certain areas in the fabric 3c.

[0158] The special burr formation based on the thread or float design and arrangement allows for further targeted adjustment and / or increase of the (continued) tensile strength. In particular, the displacement, alignment, and bundling of the individual threads under (continued) tensile stress can be further optimized and improved.

[0159] In this context, according to the invention, it can also be provided that the burr formation (or the burr) and / or burr-shaped (thread) arrangement has at least one change of burr direction, in particular a plurality of burr direction changes, in particular such that the burr formation and / or burr-shaped (thread) arrangement is and / or is designed as a herringbone, in particular wherein the burr direction changes occur and / or are present at and / or adjacent to the multiple, in particular double, inserted warp threads 3d. Reference is made below in particular to special embodiments of the multiple, in particular double (double) inserted warp threads 3d (warp threads 3d with multiple, in particular double, (thread) insertion 3h) or the multiple, in particular double (double) inserted weft threads 3e (weft threads 3e with multiple, in particular double, (thread) insertion 3i).

[0160] According to the invention, it can be provided, as shown in Figures 4 and 5 respectively, that the multiple, in particular double, warp threads 3d (warp threads 3d with multiple, in particular double, thread insertion 3h) and / or, preferably, the multiple, in particular double, weft threads 3e (weft threads 3e with multiple, in particular double, thread insertion 3i) each have floats 3f, 3g and / or are each designed to be floating. Thus, the behavior (displaceability) of the respective warp and weft threads 3d, 3e under (further) tensile stress can also be specifically adjusted.

[0161] In particular, according to the invention, it can be provided that the multiple, in particular double, warp threads 3d each have floats 3f and / or are each designed to float.

[0162] In this context, the warp threads 3d drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), within a group of adjacent warp threads 3d can each have an identical (overall) float pattern and / or an identical float sequence and / or design, in particular the same sequence of thread lifts (warp lifts) and / or thread lowerings (warp lowerings), preferably along the respective warp thread paths and / or with respect to the respective warp thread extensions.

[0163] According to the invention, it can also be provided that the multiple, in particular double, weft threads 3e each have floats 3g and / or are each designed to float, in particular as defined above. In this context, within a group of adjacent weft threads 3e, the multiple, in particular double, weft threads 3e can each have an identical (overall) float pattern and / or an identical float sequence and / or design, in particular the same sequence of thread lifts and / or thread lowerings, preferably along the respective weft thread paths and / or with respect to the respective weft thread extensions.

[0164] According to one embodiment of the invention, it can also be provided that at least some of the multiple, in particular double, warp threads 3d have no floats and / or are non-floating; or that at least some of the multiple, in particular double, weft threads 3e have no floats and / or are non-floating. This can, for example, result in a tighter integration of the multiple warp threads 3d or multiple weft threads 3e in the fabric 3c, accompanied by a higher shear strength, for example under tensile stress. On this basis, the multiple warp or weft threads 3d, 3e can – without relying on or limiting ourselves to this theory – provide additional tear blocking or (further) tear blocking, in particular also on the basis of the multiple orDouble thread insertion with the associated mechanical reinforcement. In particular, due to the higher displacement strength of the multiple inserted warp or weft threads 3d, 3e, floating warp or weft threads 3d, 3e can shift under (further) tearing stress in the direction of the reinforcement formed by the multiple inserted warp or weft threads 3d, 3e and form a (further) tear-resistant thread bundle in this area together with the multiple inserted or inserted threads.

[0165] Figures 4 and 5 further illustrate an embodiment of the invention, according to which it can be provided that within a group of adjacent warp threads 3d, multiple, in particular double, warp threads 3d are arranged along their warp thread paths and / or warp thread extensions and / or are identical and / or aligned with each other with respect to the warp direction. In particular, it can be provided according to the invention that within a group of adjacent warp threads 3d, multiple, in particular double, warp threads 3d are arranged in the same way with each other. In particular, within a group of adjacent warp threads 3d, multiple, in particular double, warp threads 3d can be in at least substantially complete contact with each other and / or at least substantially completely abut each other.The identical arrangement of the warp threads 3d, forming a group of adjacent threads, along the direction of the yarn path provides even greater mechanical strength. This is because, due to their identical arrangement, the warp threads 3d effectively function as a single thread in mechanical terms, while simultaneously exhibiting defined displacement properties under tensile stress. The identical or symmetrical arrangement, or the uniform binding pattern, of the underlying warp threads 3d refers specifically to the entire warp path or the entire length of the respective warp threads within the warp thread system of the fabric 3d.

[0166] As shown in particular in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, it can further be provided according to the invention that within two or more groups of non-adjacent warp threads 3d, multiple, in particular double, warp threads 3d are spaced apart and / or separated in the fabric 3c, in particular in the warp thread system, within two or more groups of non-adjacent warp threads 3d.

[0167] In this context, it can be provided, in particular, that the spacing and / or separation is effected and / or provided by at least one single warp thread 3d, in particular by a plurality of single warp threads 3d, in particular wherein the single warp threads 3d in question are arranged in the fabric 3c, in particular in the warp thread system, in particular side by side between the multiple, in particular double, warp threads 3d and the adjacent multiple, in particular double, warp threads 3d. According to the invention, it can be provided that the spacing and / or separation is effected or provided by 1 to 50, in particular 2 to 30, preferably 3 to 25, more preferably 5 to 20, and most preferably 7 to 15, single warp threads 3d.

[0168] The aforementioned measures provide high tear strengths according to the invention, even taking into account a low basis weight and the given flexibility or pliability of the textile material or fabric 3c, while also ensuring a defined thread mobility, particularly under tearing stress.

[0169] In accordance with the invention, the following can also apply to the weft threads 3e or the weft thread system of the fabric 3c, corresponding to the warp threads 3d mentioned above:

[0170] In particular, within a group of adjacent weft threads 3e, multiple, especially double, weft threads 3e may be arranged identically and / or in the same direction along their weft thread paths and / or weft thread extensions and / or with respect to the weft direction. Furthermore, within a group of adjacent weft threads 3e, multiple, especially double, weft threads 3e may be arranged in the same way as each other. In addition, within a group of adjacent weft threads 3e, multiple, especially double, weft threads 3e may be in at least substantially complete contact with each other and / or lie at least substantially completely against each other along their warp thread paths and / or weft thread extensions.

[0171] Similarly, within the scope of the present invention, it can also be such that within two or more groups of non-adjacent weft threads 3e, weft threads 3e are inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), from adjacent weft threads 3e that are inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), in the fabric 3c, in particular in the weft thread system, spaced apart and / or separated.In this context, it may be provided that the spacing and / or separation is effected and / or provided by at least one individually inserted weft thread 3e, in particular by a plurality of simply (single) inserted weft threads 3e, in particular wherein the respective individually inserted weft threads 3e are arranged in the fabric 3c, in particular in the weft thread system, in particular each side by side between the multiple, in particular double, inserted weft threads 3e and the adjacent multiple, in particular double, inserted weft threads 3e. In this respect, the spacing and / or separation can be effected and / or provided by 1 to 50, in particular 2 to 30, preferably 3 to 25, preferably 5 to 20, particularly preferably 7 to 15, simply (single) inserted weft threads 3e.

[0172] Furthermore, the following designs have also proven advantageous with regard to the formation and coordination of the threads forming tissue 3c:

[0173] According to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the multiple, especially double, warp threads 3d and the remaining warp threads 3d, especially the single, single warp threads 3d, have at least substantially identical and / or at least substantially equal densities (fineness or thickness) and / or thread diameters compared to each other; and / or, preferably, that the multiple, especially double, inserted weft threads 3e and the remaining weft threads 3e, especially the single, single weft threads 3e, have at least substantially identical and / or at least substantially equal densities (fineness or thickness) and / or thread diameters compared to each other.

[0174] In particular, according to the invention, it can be the case that the warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e forming the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, and in particular the warp and weft thread systems, have at least substantially identical and / or at least substantially equal densities (fineness or thickness) compared to each other. In other words, according to the invention, it can be provided in particular that all threads forming the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, and in particular the warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e, have at least substantially identical or the same density.

[0175] Regarding the aforementioned titers (fineness or thickness), it is generally possible for the respective titers (fineness or thickness) to differ from each other by no more than 15%, in particular no more than 10%, preferably no more than 5%, preferably no more than 2%, particularly preferably no more than 1%, and most preferably no more than 0.5%, in particular with respect to the larger value.

[0176] The use of threads with the same titer or thread diameter according to the invention also results in a uniform (cross-sectional) thickness of the fabric 3c, which is associated with improved material properties, particularly with regard to providing a uniform surface structure (improved feel and appearance) as well as defined flexibility or pliability. Furthermore, the uniformly structured surface also allows for better fixation or bonding with other layers, especially with regard to the protective layer 5 of the fabric 3c.

[0177] In general, the yarns used for the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c can have a titer (fineness, thickness) in the range of 20 dtex to 200 dtex, particularly in the range of 30 dtex to 150 dtex, preferably in the range of 30 dtex to 125 dtex. The titer can be determined, in particular, on the basis of DIN ISO 2060:1995. Furthermore, the yarns used for the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c can have a diameter (fiber or yarn diameter) in the range of 0.05 mm to 1.5 mm, particularly in the range of 0.1 mm to 1 mm, preferably in the range of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm, determined, in particular, according to DIN 53 811 (July 1970).

[0178] As regards the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, it may, at least in sections and / or areas, have a twill weave, in particular based on or in connection with individually inserted warp threads 3d and / or, preferably, the individually inserted weft threads 3e. In particular, the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), may, in particular in sections and / or areas, have a warp twill weave and / or a weft twill weave, preferably a warp twill and weft twill weave.

[0179] According to one embodiment of the invention, the fabric 3c or the carrier layer 3 can have a double twill weave or be designed as a double twill. Other twill designs or variations are also possible, such as herringbone, diamond twill, or the like. Combinations thereof are also possible.

[0180] The twill weave underlying the fabric 3c or the carrier layer 3 is based in particular on the formation or presence of the floats mentioned here.

[0181] In this context, it may be provided in particular that the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, in particular in sections and / or areas, has a K2 / 1 bond, K3 / 1 bond, K4 / 1 bond, K2 / 2 bond or K3 / 2 bond; in particular a K2 / 1 bond, K3 / 1 bond or K4 / 1 bond; preferably a K2 / 1 bond or K3 / 1 bond, preferably a K2 / 1 bond (in particular as a twill and / or in particular with respect to the warp side or as a warp-side twill).

[0182] Furthermore, according to the invention, the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, has a ripstop weave, particularly in sections and / or areas, based on or in connection with the multiple, particularly double, warp threads 3d and / or, preferably, the multiple, particularly double, weft threads 3e. As mentioned above, the multiple, particularly double, warp threads 3d and / or weft threads 3e form local reinforcements or further tear-blocking threads or structures.

[0183] According to the invention, it is preferably provided that the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, is designed as a ripstop fabric in a twill weave. This provides particularly good properties with regard to high tear strength and resistance. In particular, according to the invention, the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, can be designed as a K2 / 1 ripstop, K3 / 1 ripstop, K4 / 1 ripstop, K2 / 2 ripstop or K3 / 2 ripstop, more specifically K2 / 1 ripstop, K3 / 1 ripstop or K4 / 1 ripstop, preferably as a K2 / 1 ripstop or K3 / 1 ripstop, and more preferably as a K2 / 1 ripstop.

[0184] According to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, is designed as a ripstop fabric in warp twill weave and / or as a ripstop fabric in weft twill weave, preferably as a ripstop fabric in both warp and weft twill weaves. In particular, the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c can be or be designed as a ripstop twill fabric. Reference can also be made to Figures 4 and 5 in this regard.

[0185] Within the scope of the present invention, it has proven particularly advantageous, both with regard to providing high (continued) tear strength and excellent wear-physiological properties, if the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c is designed on the basis of or comprises special yarns, as described below:

[0186] According to the invention, the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, can be provided with at least one multi-component yarn (multi-component fiber), in particular at least one sheath / core yarn (core / sheath yarn), preferably at least one sheath / core yarn with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material and at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular at least substantially non-stretchable and / or non-elastic.

[0187] chemical fiber material, preferably polyester (PES), as the core material or preferably consisting of such material.

[0188] According to a preferred embodiment, the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, can have or preferably consist of at least one sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as the sheath material and polyester (PES) as the core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn). The multi-component yarn or sheath / core yarn used according to the invention is, in particular, a two-component yarn, namely based on a sheath on the one hand and a core on the other. The core is based on or consists, in particular, of a chemical fiber material or synthetic material, especially in the form of a synthetic (continuous) thread. In particular, the core can be formed by a multifilament or monofilament, preferably a multifilament. In particular, the core can be formed by a polyester multifilament. The sheath material comprises or consists of...preferably consists of a natural fiber material arranged around the core material.

[0189] The multi-component yarns or sheath / core yarns used in the present invention are characterized in particular by high mechanical resistance and strength, and are also essentially non-stretchable and non-elastic, with these properties being provided primarily by the core material. At the same time, the multi-component yarn or sheath / core yarn used in the invention exhibits excellent wearer-physiological properties, such as a good feel and high moisture absorption, which is achieved primarily by the sheath material. Polyester yarns, such as those available from KOSA GmbH & Co. KG, can be used as the core material. The multi-component yarn or sheath / core yarn can be produced, for example, using appropriate spinning processes, which are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0190] Regarding the formation of the protective filter material 1 according to the invention, it can be advantageous according to the invention that the warp threads 3d and / or the weft threads 3e, preferably both warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e, preferably all warp threads 3d and all weft threads 3e, are each formed by or comprise the sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as the sheath material and polyester (PES) as the core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn). In this respect, the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, can be formed exclusively by the at least one sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as the sheath material and polyester (PES) as the core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn).

[0191] In particular, the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, may not contain any other yarn and / or fiber different from the sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn).

[0192] Particularly good properties with regard to stability (also with regard to providing high (further) tear resistance) combined with good feel and wearing physiology as well as high dimensional stability (due to the low extensibility or elasticity) are further achieved with regard to the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c when the sheath / core yarn has a certain weight ratio of sheath material to core material:

[0193] According to the invention, the sheath / core yarn can have a weight ratio of sheath material to core material, in particular of natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO) (as sheath material), to synthetic fiber material, preferably polyester (PES), as core material, in the range of (30 to 80) : (70 to 20), in particular in the range of (45 to 70) : (55 to 30), preferably in the range of (55 to 65) : (45 to 35). Furthermore, it may be provided that the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn) has a weight ratio of sheath material to core material (CO / PES weight ratio) in the range of (30 to 80) : (70 to 20), in particular in the range of (45 to 70) : (55 to 30), preferably in the range of (55 to 65) : (45 to 35).

[0194] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as the sheath material and polyester (PES) as the core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), can be designed as a single yarn. In particular, it can be provided according to the invention that the sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as the sheath material and polyester (PES) as the core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), has a density (fineness or thickness) in the range of 30 dtex to 150 dtex, in particular in the range of 45 dtex to 130 dtex, preferably in the range of 60 dtex to 110 dtex. In particular, the core (core fiber) of the sheath / core yarn, especially the core (core fiber) of the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), can have a titer (fineness orThe thickness should be in the range of 25 dtex to 125 dtex, particularly in the range of 40 dtex to 110 dtex, and preferably in the range of 50 dtex to 100 dtex. The titer can be determined, in particular, based on DIN ISO 2060:1995.

[0195] According to the invention, the sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), can have a maximum tensile strength, preferably fineness-related maximum tensile strength, of at least 50 cN / tex, in particular at least 60 cN / tex, preferably at least 70 cN / tex, preferably at least 80 cN / tex, particularly preferably at least 90 cN / tex. Furthermore, the sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), can have a maximum tensile strength, preferably fineness-related maximum tensile strength, in the range of 50 cN / tex to 500 cN / tex, in particular in the range of 60 cN / tex to 400 cN / tex, preferably in the range of 70 cN / tex to 300 cN / tex, preferably in the range of 80 cN / tex to 250 cN / tex, particularly preferably in the range of 90 cN / tex to 250 cN / tex.The maximum tensile strength can be determined in particular according to DIN 53 834-2:1979.

[0196] In general, the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, can, within the scope of the present invention, comprise or consist of a single and / or uniform type of sheath / core yarn, in particular a sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as the sheath material and polyester (PES) as the core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), preferably with a uniform structure of the sheath and / or the core and / or with a uniform titer. This ensures not only a uniform appearance but also uniform haptic, wear-physiological, and mechanical properties. In this context, it may also be provided that the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, has a number of warp threads and / or warp thread density in the range of 10 warp threads / cm to 50 warp threads / cm, in particular in the range of 15 warp threads / cm to 45 warp threads / cm, preferably in the range of 20 warp threads / cm to 40 warp threads / cm, preferably in the range of 25 warp threads / cm to 35 warp threads / cm.In this context, the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, can have a weft thread count and / or weft thread density in the range of 5 to 45 weft threads / cm, particularly in the range of 10 to 40 weft threads / cm, preferably in the range of 15 to 35 weft threads / cm, and more preferably in the range of 20 to 30 weft threads / cm. DIN EN 1049-Part 2 can be used in this regard.

[0197] As previously explained, the carrier layer 3 underlying the protective filter material 1 according to the invention, in particular the fabric 3c, is characterized by excellent tear resistance, especially as a result of the special technical measures provided according to the invention for the protective filter material 1 or the carrier layer 3.

[0198] As previously mentioned, the values ​​cited are based in particular on a so-called leg (continuity) tear test. Specifically, the corresponding (continuity) tear strength can be determined according to DIN EN ISO 13937-2:2000. The high (continuity) tear strength of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c is also reflected in the protective filter material 1 according to the invention itself.

[0199] In this context, the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, can have a tensile strength (preferably tear strength), in particular a tensile force (preferably a tensile force), especially in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, of at least 25 N, in particular at least 30 N, preferably at least 35 N, preferably at least 40 N, and particularly preferably at least 50 N. In particular, the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, can have a tensile strength (preferably tear strength), in particular a tensile force (preferably a tensile force), especially in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, in the range of 25 N to 500 N, in particular in the range of 30 N to 400 N, preferably in the range of 35 N to 300 N, preferably in the range of 40 N to 250 N, and particularly preferably in the range of 50 N to 250 N.

[0200] Furthermore, the carrier layer 3 used according to the invention, in particular the fabric 3c, also has a very high maximum tensile strength, which also benefits the mechanical stability: According to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, has a maximum tensile strength (maximum tensile strength), in particular in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, of at least 150 N, in particular at least 250 N, preferably at least 350 N, preferably at least 400 N.

[0201] In this context, it can also be provided that the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, has a maximum tensile strength (maximum tensile force), particularly in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, in the range of 150 N to 1,200 N, particularly in the range of 250 N to 1,100 N, preferably in the range of 350 N to 1,000 N, and preferably in the range of 400 N to 950 N. The maximum tensile force can be determined in particular in accordance with DIN EN ISO 13934-1:2013.

[0202] The carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c is further characterized by a low basis weight combined with high stability: In particular, the carrier layer 3, especially the fabric 3c, can have a basis weight in the range of 40 g / m² to 250 g / m², particularly in the range of 50 g / m² to 200 g / m², preferably in the range of 60 g / m² to 150 g / m², and more preferably in the range of 70 g / m² to 120 g / m². The basis weight can be determined in particular according to DIN EN 12127:1997, preferably after 24 hours of air conditioning or at a temperature of 20°C ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 65% ± 4%.

[0203] Furthermore, the thickness, in particular the cross-sectional thickness, of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c is also of corresponding importance with regard to the functional properties, for example, with respect to flexibility, pliability, stability, and air permeability. In general, according to the invention, the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, can have a thickness, in particular a cross-sectional thickness, in the range of 0.01 mm to 10 mm, particularly in the range of 0.05 mm to 5 mm, preferably in the range of 0.075 mm to 3 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.1 mm to 2 mm, and most preferably in the range of 0.15 mm to 1.5 mm. The thickness or cross-sectional thickness can be determined in particular according to DIN EN ISO 5084:1996.

[0204] Furthermore, the carrier layer 3, in particular the tissue 3c, can be a 2 1

[0205] Air permeability of at least 5 I ms, in particular at least 2 1 2 1

[0206] 10 I ms, preferably at least 50 I ms, preferably at least 100 I particularly preferably at least 200 I ms , in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 9237:1995 and / or in particular determined at a differential pressure (flow resistance) of 100 Pascal.

[0207] In particular, the carrier layer 3, especially the tissue 3c, can be a 2 1 2 1

[0208] Air permeability in the range of 5 I ms to 2,500 I msm, 2 1 2 1 particularly in the range of 100 I ms to 2,250 I msm, preferably in 2 1 2 1

[0209] Range from 200 I ms to 2,000 I msm, preferably in the range of 2 1 2 1

[0210] exhibiting 400 I ms to 1,800 I msm, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 9237:1995 and / or in particular determined at a differential pressure (flow resistance) of 100 Pascal.

[0211] For, in particular with regard to providing a high level of wearing comfort in the case of the use of the protective filter material 1 according to the invention for or as protective suits, as well as with regard to the properties for use in technical filter applications, it is specifically provided according to the invention that the protective filter material 1 as such, and thus also the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, is / are each gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and / or water vapor-permeable, preferably gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and water vapor-permeable, preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable.

[0212] According to the present invention, it can also be provided that the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c has been subjected to a finishing and / or pretreatment. In this context, the applicant has surprisingly found that this can further improve the properties of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, particularly with regard to its (further) tear resistance. In particular, it can therefore be provided according to the invention that the carrier layer 3, especially the fabric 3c, is finished and / or has a finishing treatment, in particular wherein the carrier layer 3, especially the fabric 3c, has been subjected to a finishing treatment. Within the scope of the finishing treatment, the following treatment steps can in particular be carried out, either individually or in a corresponding combination (preferably according to the following sequence):

[0213] - In particular, it may be provided that the carrier layer 3, especially the fabric 3c, is dyed, in particular using at least one reactive dye and / or at least one disperse dye, in particular at least one reactive dye and at least one disperse dye. The aforementioned dyes are associated with particularly good fixation on the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c and do not lead to a roughening of the material, so that the sliding properties of the warp threads 3d or weft threads 3e are maintained.

[0214] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, may also be surface-treated, in particular by means of at least one polyolefin, preferably polyethylene, and in particular by means of at least one polyolefin dispersion, preferably a polyethylene dispersion. The targeted treatment of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c of the aforementioned type is associated in particular with a further improvement in tear resistance, also with regard to improved sliding of the threads or yarns (warp threads 3d or weft threads 3e) under tearing stress. In addition, the abrasion resistance is also increased. The processing in the context of providing the protective filter material according to the invention or related protective clothing is also further improved, in particular with regard to the sewing properties.Furthermore, the surface texture of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c is improved by the aforementioned treatment with regard to its feel. In particular, this results in a softer and smoother surface. This also leads to improved gliding of the threads or yarns (warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e) during a (further) tearing process. Additionally, particularly during finishing, the carrier layer 3, especially the fabric 3c, may be sanforized (shrink-treated). This increases the dimensional stability of the carrier layer 3, especially the fabric 3c. Generally, the carrier layer 3, especially the fabric 3c, can also be shrunk using a tension frame.

[0215] According to the invention, it can further be provided that the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, is pretreated and / or has been subjected to pretreatment, in particular before carrying out the finishing treatment, in particular as defined above.

[0216] - In this context, it may be necessary for the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, to be singed. This singeing may be carried out thermally. This ensures, in particular, that, for example, protruding fine fibers are removed. This measure also improves the sliding behavior of the yarns or threads (warp threads 3d or weft threads 3e) during a (further) tearing process.

[0217] Furthermore, according to the invention, the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, may be desizing. Desizing may be carried out enzymatically and / or using enzymes. This removes any previously existing sizing film or coating, which may comprise starch. Starch-degrading enzymes, such as amylases, may be used for this purpose. Water-soluble sizing agents may also be used.

[0218] Furthermore, particularly as part of the pretreatment, it may be necessary to bleach the carrier layer 3, especially the fabric 3c, particularly if the bleaching is carried out using at least one bleaching agent, especially sodium chlorite and / or hydrogen peroxide. This breaks down residues, such as hydrophobic plant residues, on the fiber, thereby increasing its hydrophilicity and improving dye uptake during dyeing (see above). In particular, this also allows for a uniform color to be achieved during subsequent finishing.

[0219] - In particular, it may also be provided that the carrier layer 3, especially the fabric 3c, is caustic. In this regard, the caustic treatment may have been carried out using at least one caustic solution, especially sodium hydroxide. The caustic treatment may also serve to increase fiber strength. The carrier layer 3, especially the fabric 3c, may also be mercerized.

[0220] The aforementioned pretreatment also ensures, in particular, an optimization of the finishing process, as previously described. The finishing and / or pretreatment measures according to the invention are directly reflected in the underlying carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, also with regard to improving the overall underlying (further) tear resistance.

[0221] Within the scope of the present invention, a highly specialized adhesive application or distribution, optimized to ensure high tear resistance, can be used to bond the respective layers, in particular the fabric 3c and the protective layer 5, of the protective filter material 1 according to the invention. In this context, the special adhesive application ensures that even when the protective filter material 1 is formed as a laminate or composite in the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, high thread or yarn mobility is maintained, or that the yarn mobility is not excessively affected by the adhesive application. Consequently, even under tear stress, efficient aggregation or bundling of the respective threads is ensured despite the bonding, thus guaranteeing high tear resistance.

[0222] As detailed below, the adhesive application for bonding the layers, in particular the fabric 3c and the protective layer 5, is designed in a targeted and purposeful manner within the scope of the present invention such that the thread or yarn mobility in the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c is maintained, accompanied by the effective formation of the aforementioned "bundling effect" or "cable effect" under (further) tensile stress. Regarding the preferably discontinuously applied adhesive 4 used to bond the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c and the protective layer 5, according to one embodiment of the invention, the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is provided and / or formed in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots and / or in the form of a grid with a plurality of spaced-apart adhesive (polymer) dots.Overall, the adhesive 4 is preferably applied discontinuously and, in particular, in a dot or grid pattern, so that the (adhesive) layer formed by the adhesive 4 or the adhesive polymer is air-permeable. Furthermore, the adhesive coating or coating of the surfaces with the adhesive 4 can also be achieved by means of a squeegee or by means of squeegee application. The adhesive 4 can also be in the form of an (adhesive) foam, in particular a fractured (adhesive) foam. Adhesive webs or the like can also be used.

[0223] According to the invention, it has proven advantageous if the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") covers at most 75% of the surface of the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, and / or the protective layer 5, preferably at most 60% of the surface of the carrier layer 3 and / or the protective layer 5, particularly preferably at most 50% of the surface of the carrier layer 3 and / or the protective layer 5, and most particularly preferably at most 40% of the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, and / or the protective layer 5.

[0224] In particular, the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") can be applied in a quantity in the range of 10 g / m² 2 up to 100 g / m² 2 , especially in the range of 15 g / m² 2 up to 75 g / m² 2 , preferably in the range of 20 g / m² 2 up to 50 g / m² 2, be used and / or are present, in particular, as an adhesive polymer. The above application quantities refer in particular to the area or main extent plane of the carrier layer 3, especially the fabric 3c.

[0225] Within the scope of the present invention, it is particularly provided that the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is designed and / or applied such that the thread mobility, in particular the thread displacement, preferably in the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, is at least substantially unaffected and / or at least substantially unrestricted, especially under tensile stress. Despite the bonding, this results in a still high thread mobility, so that high tensile strength is maintained. In particular, despite the bonding or the application of the adhesive, it is ensured that in the event of tensile stress, the relevant threads, in particular warp threads 3d or weft threads 3e, can displace and align themselves with one another, especially to form the "cable effect" or "bundle effect".

[0226] In this context, it may be provided in particular that the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is designed and / or applied such that at least a portion of the warp threads 3d are not bonded to adjacent warp threads 3d, at least section by section. In this regard, it is particularly provided that the proportion of the unbonded warp threads 3d is at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, based on the total number of warp threads 3d. The term "section by section" refers in particular to at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30% of the total length of a respective warp thread 3d, specifically with regard to the sum or total length of the unbonded sections.

[0227] According to the invention, the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") can be designed and / or applied such that at least a portion of the weft threads 3e are not bonded to adjacent weft threads 3e, at least section by section. The invention further stipulates that the portion of the unbonded weft threads 3e constitutes at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, of the total number of weft threads 3e. The term "section by section" refers in particular to at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30% of the total length of each weft thread 3e, specifically with regard to the sum or total length of the unbonded sections.

[0228] In particular, according to the invention, the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") can be designed and / or applied such that at least a portion of the floats 3f of the warp threads 3d is at least substantially not bonded to adjacent warp threads 3d or overlaid weft threads 3e. For this purpose, it can be provided that the portion of the unbonded floats 3f is at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, based on the total number of floats 3f.

[0229] According to the invention, the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") may be designed and / or applied such that at least a portion of the floats 3g of the weft threads 3e is not, at least substantially, bonded to adjacent weft threads 3e or overstretched warp threads 3d. In particular, the portion of the unbonded floats 3g may be at least 10%, more particularly at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, based on the total number of floats 3g.

[0230] Furthermore, with regard to ensuring high (continued) tear resistance, it has proven particularly advantageous if a portion of the binding and / or crossing points of warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e is free of adhesive 4 and / or is not coated with adhesive 4, or is at most coated with adhesive, provided that the warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e are at least substantially not glued together at the binding and / or crossing points.

[0231] In this regard, it can be provided according to the invention in particular that at least 20%, in particular at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 50% of the binding and / or crossing points, based on the total number of binding and / or crossing points in the carrier layer 3, in particular fabric 3c, are free of adhesive 4 or are coated with adhesive 4, if necessary with the proviso that the warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e are at least substantially not bonded to each other in the binding and / or crossing points.

[0232] According to the invention, this avoids the gluing or fixing of the respective warp threads 3d or weft threads 3e specifically at the binding or crossing points, which has proven to be particularly effective in ensuring high thread or yarn mobility.

[0233] In particular, for the protective filter material according to the invention, the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") may be formed and / or applied in a dot-like pattern and / or discontinuously dot-like and / or non-connected and / or in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably with at least substantially circular cross-section.

[0234] The formation of the adhesive (polymer) dots with a circular cross-section refers in particular to a cross-section parallel to the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c.

[0235] In particular, it may be provided that the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is in the form of, in particular, non-connected adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably non-connected and / or spaced apart and / or non-contacting adhesive (polymer) dots and / or is formed.

[0236] Furthermore, according to the invention, the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") may be provided in the form of a grid, in particular a regular grid, with a plurality of mutually spaced adhesive (polymer) dots and / or be formed.

[0237] Furthermore, the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") can be electronically calculated and / or controlled and / or applied using a computer (especially with regard to the use or design of special stencils for adhesive application).

[0238] According to the invention, the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") can be applied using a stencil, in particular with a predetermined hole pattern and / or (hole) grid.

[0239] Regarding the application of adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") or the formation of the adhesive (polymer) layer, a circular stencil technology can be used, for example. In particular, stencils with a regular grid structure can be used to create a regular grid. So-called CC stencils (Coating C / rcu / ar stencils) can be used for this purpose. For this, corresponding grids can be calculated or computer-aided, ensuring that the thread or yarn mobility is maintained based on the adhesive application, thus guaranteeing high (continued) tear resistance. In particular, adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") can be applied using a stencil, especially one with an irregular pattern. In this regard, stencils with an irregular pattern or...So-called CP stencils ("computer dot stencils") can be used. HD stencils, hexagonal stencils, or geometrically rotated hole stencils can also be used.

[0240] In order to ensure high thread or yarn mobility, it has also proven particularly advantageous if the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is present and / or formed in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots.

[0241] In this context, it may be provided in particular that the diameter, especially the cross-sectional diameter, parallel to the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, of a respective adhesive (polymer) point is at most as large as, preferably smaller than, the diameter (thread or yarn diameter) of the warp thread 3d or weft thread 3e carrying and / or having the respective adhesive (polymer) point.

[0242] Furthermore, it may be provided that a respective adhesive (polymer) point, with reference to the perpendicular top view of the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, does not extend at least substantially over the longitudinal extension of the warp thread 3d and / or weft thread 3e carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) point, preferably does not extend at least substantially over the diameter (thread or yarn diameter) of the warp thread 3d and / or weft thread 3e carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) point.

[0243] In particular, it may be further provided in this context that a respective adhesive (polymer) point, with reference to the perpendicular top view of the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, is positioned at least substantially centrally on the respective warp thread 3d and / or weft thread 3e carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) point, preferably at least substantially centrally to the longitudinal axis, in particular axis of rotation, of the respective warp thread 3d and / or weft thread 3e carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) point.Furthermore, according to the invention, the penetration depth of the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive"), in particular in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots, into the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, is at most 50%, in particular at most 40%, preferably at most 30%, preferably at most 20%, based on the thickness, in particular cross-sectional thickness, of the carrier layer 3, in particular of the fabric 3c.

[0244] In particular, with regard to the adhesive application, the adhesive (polymer) dots based on the adhesive 4 can be positioned, in a perpendicular view of the main plane of extension of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, at least substantially centrally on the binding or crossing points of the warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e. This ensures, in particular, that the adhesive (polymer) dots have no or only minimal contact with the underlying threads.

[0245] Furthermore, according to the invention, it may in particular be the case that the adhesive (polymer) dots based on the adhesive 4 are positioned substantially centrally on a respective warp thread 3d or a respective weft thread 3e, with reference to the perpendicular top view of the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c.

[0246] Furthermore, according to the invention it can be provided that the

[0247] Adhesive (polymer) dots based on adhesive 4 in thread or...

[0248] Yarn space in the warp thread system and / or weft thread system of the textile support layer 3, in particular of the fabric 3c, are positioned.

[0249] According to the invention, the adhesive (polymer) dots based on the adhesive 4 can also be positioned on adjacent warp threads 3d with floats and / or on adjacent weft threads 3e with floats. In particular, according to the invention, the adhesive (polymer) dots based on the adhesive 4 can be positioned on adjacent floats of the respective warp threads 3d or on adjacent floats of the respective weft threads 3e. Such positioning may lead to a (minor) connection of the respective threads or floats, if any. However, according to the invention, this ensures that the underlying threads can move freely. Likewise, at least sufficient displacement of the threads connected in this way is still guaranteed.

[0250] As previously mentioned, the special bonding or application of the first adhesive 4 ensures, in particular, that the thread or yarn mobility of the warp threads 3d or weft threads 3e in the main plane of extension of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c is at least substantially unaffected, so that excellent tensile strength is also given for the present composite or the corresponding laminate, since the bundling or aggregation of the respective threads under tensile stress is still maintained. In particular, the inventive method prevents excessive penetration of the first adhesive into the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c. Furthermore, the application or presence of the first adhesive 4 at critical points (i.e., at points where the presence of an adhesive would lead to excessive fixation or tearing) is prevented.Blocking of the threads 3e, 3f) is prevented or minimized. In particular, the adhesion or fixation of intersecting warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e, especially at corresponding binding or crossing points in the fabric structure, is prevented or minimized. Furthermore, the present invention also prevents or minimizes the adhesion of adjacent warp threads 3d in the warp thread system and of adjacent weft threads 3e in the weft thread system of the fabric 3c, thus preserving the overall yarn mobility.

[0251] In this context, it is particularly provided according to the invention that, as mentioned above, the adhesive (polymer) dots present in the discontinuous adhesive application have a defined shape or a specific positioning on the fabric 3c. Furthermore, a defined total area-related quantity of the first adhesive 4 is applied, whereby the measures in question, both individually and synergistically, ensure high tear resistance. Based on the measures described in the invention, the bonding of the warp threads 3d or weft threads 3e at so-called "critical points" (i.e., points detrimental to yarn mobility and thus to tear resistance) can be prevented or minimized. The term "critical points" is to be understood in particular as meaning that bonding or...The application of adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") at such points leads to a reduction in yarn mobility and may also lead to an increase in the so-called yarn pull-out force, which serves as a measure of the reduction in yarn mobility. In this context, an excessive application of the adhesive at critical points, for example, in the area of ​​connection or crossing points of the warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e, would result in a direct adhesive bond between the respective threads, leading to reduced yarn mobility and ultimately also to a reduction in (continued) tensile strength. This is because, in the event of (continued) tensile stress, the displacement or piling up of the yarns to form the "cable effect" or "bundle effect" would be reduced or prevented.The measures according to the invention thus counteract the formation of critical adhesive (polymer) points in this respect.

[0252] According to the invention, it can also be provided that the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is, in particular, a reactive hot melt adhesive, especially a moisture-curing and / or radiation-curing adhesive, preferably a moisture-curing hot melt adhesive, preferably a reactive, in particular moisture-curing, polyurethane (PUR) hot melt adhesive, or is based thereon, in particular wherein the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is a one-component adhesive or is based thereon. According to the invention, a reactive PUR-based hot melt adhesive can be used as the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive"). In general, hot melt adhesives can be used.

[0253] The method of applying the first adhesive 4 described above also offers the particular advantage that the protective filter material 1 according to the invention can thus be provided with high flexibility or pliability, combined with high air and water vapor permeability and good haptic properties (e.g., a soft feel). According to the present invention, it can be provided, in particular, that the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is a reactive hot melt adhesive, in particular a moisture-curing and / or radiation-curing adhesive, preferably a moisture-curing hot melt adhesive, preferably a reactive, in particular moisture-curing, polyurethane (PUR) hot melt adhesive, wherein the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is a one-component adhesive.

[0254] In particular, a reactive hot melt adhesive based on polyurethane (PUR) can be used within the scope of the present invention. With the aforementioned adhesives, it is particularly advantageous that no further auxiliaries, such as hardeners or the like, are required. Furthermore, the aforementioned adhesives can be processed directly. With regard to the reactive hot melt adhesives mentioned above, it is also particularly advantageous that, during the adhesive application, an initial strength or bond formation of the adhesive occurs, particularly based on physical processes (such as cooling), followed by final curing, particularly based on chemical processes. Overall, the aforementioned adhesives exhibit excellent application and processing properties while simultaneously providing high bond strengths in the resulting protective filter material 1.Due to the excellent processing and application properties of the aforementioned adhesives, the application to the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c can be precisely and purposefully designed in such a way that the thread or yarn mobility is not significantly reduced, particularly in the event of (continued) tearing stress, as previously explained. Overall, with regard to the first adhesive 4, the type of adhesive selected and / or the method of application ensures, on the one hand, a strong and permanent bond between the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c and the protective layer 5, while simultaneously guaranteeing high (continued) tear resistance.

[0255] In particular, according to the invention, the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") may be present or formed in the protective filter material 1 in the form of an adhesive polymer. Furthermore, according to the invention, the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") may be present or formed in the protective filter material 1 as an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably based on or in the form of an adhesive polymer.

[0256] Furthermore, as regards the protective layer 5 of the protective filter material according to the invention, it can be characterized in particular by the following properties:

[0257] In particular, according to the invention, it can behave such that the protective layer 5 has a (total) surface weight in the range of 5 g / m². 2 up to 600 g / m² 2 , especially in the range of 20 g / m² 2 up to 500 g / m² 2, preferably in the range of 40 g / m² 2 up to 400 g / m² 2 , preferably in the range of 50 g / m² 2 up to 300 g / m² 2 , particularly preferably in the range of 60 g / m² 2 up to 150 g / m² 2 exhibits, in particular determined according to DIN EN 12127:1997, preferably after 24 hours of air conditioning or at a temperature of 20°C ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 65% ± 4%

[0258] According to the invention, the protective layer 5 is generally designed to be gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and / or water vapor-permeable, preferably gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and water vapor-permeable, preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable.

[0259] The protective layer 5 serves in particular to provide further protection against harmful or toxic substances that come into contact with the protective filter material. In this respect, the protective layer 5 can be individually designed and tailored to the specific application or operational context, for example, with regard to providing adsorptive properties as well as aerosol or particle filtration properties. Adsorptive properties and particle or aerosol filter properties can be combined in the protective layer 5 through appropriate design, as described below.

[0260] As illustrated in particular in Figs. 1A and 3A, according to an embodiment of the invention, the protective layer 5 may comprise or consist of adsorber particles 5c, in particular a plurality of individual and / or discrete adsorber particles. In this context, it may be provided in particular that the adsorber particles 5c are arranged in a layer and / or form a layer (see Figs. 1A and 3A, respectively). In particular, the adsorber particles 5c may form or be arranged to form an adsorption layer with respect to the protective filter material 1 or the protective layer 5.

[0261] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the adsorbent particles 5c are activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon") or spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon"). This results in particularly good protection against harmful or toxic substances, such as chemical warfare agents. Particulate adsorbents or spherical adsorbent particles 5c are particularly preferred because they maintain the overall flexibility of the protective filter material 1 while simultaneously ensuring high protection.Furthermore, spherical adsorber particles, such as spherical activated carbon particles, are particularly suitable for fastening by means of a spot-applied adhesive (in this case, the first adhesive 4), also with regard to ensuring high thread mobility under (continued) tearing stress.

[0262] As previously mentioned, the performance or specific protective performance against pollutants or toxins can be further increased or specifically adjusted by the targeted selection of the adsorbent particles 5c of the protective layer 5. Good results in this regard are also obtained based on the materials listed below. In particular, according to the invention, the adsorbent particles 5c of the protective layer 5 can be selected from the group of

[0263] (i) in particular particulate activated carbon and / or activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granular activated carbon particles (“granular carbon”) or spherical activated carbon particles (“spherical carbon”);

[0264] (ii) Zeolites, in particular natural and / or synthetic zeolites;

[0265] (iii) Molecular sieves, in particular zeolitic molecular sieves, synthetic molecular sieves and / or in particular synthetic molecular sieves based on carbon, oxides and / or glasses;

[0266] (iv) Metal oxide and / or metal particles;

[0267] (v) ion exchange resins, in particular polydisperse and / or monodisperse cation and / or anion exchangers, especially of the gel type and / or macroporous type; (vi) inorganic oxides, in particular silicon dioxides, silica gels and / or aluminium oxides;

[0268] (vii) porous organic polymers and / or porous organic-inorganic hybrid polymers and / or metal-organic framework materials, in particular MOFs (Metal Organic Framework), COFs (Covalent Organic Framework), ZI Fs (Zeolite Imidazolate Framework), POMs (Polymer Organic Material) and / or OFCs;

[0269] (viii) mineral granules;

[0270] (ix) Clathrats; as well as

[0271] (x) mixtures and / or combinations thereof; wherein (i) is particularly preferred.

[0272] For the adsorbent particles 5c that can be used according to the invention, reference can also be made to the following explanations. Furthermore, for further details regarding the MOF materials that can be used in the same way according to the invention, reference can be made in particular to the international patent application WO 2009 / 096184 A1 and to the parallel German patent application DE 10 2008 005 218 A1, the respective disclosures of which are hereby fully incorporated by reference.

[0273] Adsorbers or adsorber particles 5c suitable according to the invention, in particular in the form of activated carbons as described below, are commercially available, e.g. from Blücher GmbH, Erkrath / Germany, or other commercial manufacturers and suppliers of activated carbon.

[0274] Adsorbers or adsorber particles 5c, particularly in the form of activated carbons, with the properties and parameters mentioned below, which can be used particularly preferably according to the invention, are described in particular in the following prior art documents: DE 20 2006 016 898 U1 , EP 1 918 022 and US 2008 / 0107589 A1 , WO 01 / 83688 (PCT / EP 01 / 04615) , WO 2011 / 003434 (PCT / EP 2009 / 007172) , WO 2008 / 110233 (PCT / EP 2008 / 000606) and WO 2013 / 068060 (PCT / EP 2012 / 003743).

[0275] Particularly good results are obtained when the adsorbent particles 5c, especially the activated carbon particles, are produced by carbonization and subsequent activation of a synthetic and / or non-natural-product-based particulate starting material, particularly based on organic polymer particles. This yields activated carbons with particularly well-defined adsorptive properties and a defined pore system structure.

[0276] In this context, it is equally preferred according to the invention that the adsorbent particles 5c, in particular the activated carbon particles, are obtained from a particulate starting material based on organic polymers, in particular on the basis of sulfonated organic polymers, preferably on the basis of divinylbenzene-crosslinked polystyrene, preferably on the basis of styrene / divinylbenzene copolymers, in particular by carbonization and subsequent activation of the starting material, in particular wherein the content of divinylbenzene in the starting material is in the range of 1 wt.% to 20 wt.%, in particular 1 wt.% to 15 wt.%, preferably 1.5 wt.% to 12.5 wt.%, preferably 2 wt.% to 10 wt.%, based on the starting material.

[0277] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the adsorber particles 5c, in particular the activated carbon particles, are based on a polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC) and / or the adsorber particles 5c, in particular the activated carbon particles, are formed from a polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC). This results in particularly good adsorption performance with high mechanical stability of the underlying activated carbon particles.

[0278] The size of the adsorber particles 5c can also vary widely. However, according to the invention, it is preferred if adsorber particles 5c with the particle sizes listed below are used.

[0279] In particular, according to the invention, it can be provided that the adsorber particles 5c of the protective layer 5, in particular the activated carbon particles, have a particle size, in particular a particle diameter, in the range of 0.05 mm to 1.5 mm, in particular in the range of 0.075 mm to 0.75 mm, preferably in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, preferably in the range of 0.125 mm to 0.4 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.15 mm to 0.35 mm, in particular wherein at least 80 wt.%, in particular at least 90 wt.%, preferably at least 95 wt.%, preferably at least 99 wt.%, of the adsorber particles 5c, in particular the activated carbon particles, have particle sizes, in particular particle diameters, in the aforementioned ranges.

[0280] The particle size can be determined in particular according to ASTM D2862.

[0281] Furthermore, according to the invention, the adsorbent particles 5c of the protective layer 5, in particular the activated carbon particles, may have a mean particle size (D50), in particular a mean particle diameter (D50), in the range of 0.06 mm to 1.1 mm, particularly in the range of 0.09 mm to 0.9 mm, preferably in the range of 0.12 mm to 0.7 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.15 mm to 0.5 mm, and most preferably in the range of 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm. The determination of these dimensions may be carried out in accordance with ASTM D2862.

[0282] As previously explained, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the adsorber particles 5c of the protective layer 5 are activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in granular form ("granular carbon") or activated carbon particles in spherical form ("spherical carbon"), preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in spherical form.

[0283] In this regard, activated carbon can have a total pore volume, in particular a total pore volume according to Gurvich, in the range of 0.3 cm³. 3 / g up to 3.8 cm 3 / g, especially in the area of ​​0.4 cm 3 / g up to 3.5 cm 3 / g, preferably in the range of 0.5 cm 3 / g up to 3 cm 3 / g, particularly preferably in the range of 0.6 cm 3 / g up to 2.5 cm 3 / g, especially preferred in the area of ​​0.5 cm 3 / g up to 1.5 cm 3 / g, exhibit.

[0284] Furthermore, it can be provided that at least 65%, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 75%, preferably at least 80% of the total pore volume, in particular the total pore volume according to Gurvich, of the activated carbon is formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 50 nm, in particular by micro- and / or mesopores. In addition, 50% to 95%, in particular 60% to 90%, preferably 70% to 85% of the total pore volume, in particular the total pore volume according to Gurvich, of the activated carbon can be formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 50 nm, in particular by micro- and / or mesopores. Furthermore, it may be provided that 1% to 60%, in particular 5% to 50%, preferably 10% to 40%, preferably 15% to 35% of the total pore volume, in particular the total pore volume according to Gurvich, of the activated carbon are formed by pores with pore diameters of more than 2 nm, in particular by meso- and / or macropores.Furthermore, according to the invention, it can also be provided that the activated carbon has a pore volume formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 2 nm (i.e. < 2 nm), in particular micropore volumes according to Carbon Black, in the range of 0.05 cm. 3 / g up to 2.5 cm 3 / g, especially 0.15 cm 3 / g up to 2 cm 3 / g, preferably 0.3 cm 3 / g up to 1.5 cm 3 / g, in particular wherein 15% to 98%, more specifically 25% to 95%, preferably 35% to 90% of the total pore volume of the activated carbon is formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 2 nm, in particular by micropores. Furthermore, the activated carbon can have a specific BET surface area in the range of 600 m². 2 / g up to 4,000 m 2 / g, especially 800 m 2 / g up to 3,500 m 2 / g, preferably 1,000 m 2 / g up to 3,000 m 2 / g, especially preferred 1,200 m 2 / g up to 2,750 m 2 / g, especially preferred 1,300 m 2 / g up to 2,500 m 2 / g, exhibit.

[0285] Furthermore, activated carbon can create a surface area of ​​400 to 3,500 m² formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 2 nm, especially by micropores. 2 / g, especially 500 to 3,000 m 2 / g, preferably 600 to 2,500 m 2 / g, preferably 700 to 2,000 m 2 / g. Furthermore, the activated carbon can have a surface area of ​​200 to 2,000 m² / g, particularly 300 to 1,900 m² / g, preferably 400 to 2.2, formed by pores with pore diameters in the range of 2 nm to 50 nm, in particular by mesopores.

[0286] 1,800 m³ / g, preferably 500 to 1,700 m³ / g.

[0287] In particular, the activated carbon can have a mean pore diameter in the range of 0.1 nm to 55 nm, especially 0.2 nm to 50 nm, preferably 0.5 nm to 45 nm, preferably 1 nm to 40 nm.

[0288] Regarding the determination of the total pore volume according to Gurvich, this is a measurement and determination method well known to those skilled in the art in this field. For further details concerning the determination of the total pore volume according to Gurvich, reference can be made, for example, to L. Gurvich (1915), J. Phys. Chem. Soc. Russ. 47, 805, and to S. Lowell et al., Characterization of Porous Solids and Powders: Surface Area Pore Size and Density, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Article Technology Series, pages 111 ff. In particular, the pore volume of activated carbon can be determined based on Gurvich's rule according to the formula VP = W a / pi are determined, where W a the adsorbed amount of an underlying adsorbate and pi represents the density of the adsorbate used (see also formula (8.20) according to page 111, chapter 8.4.) by S. Lowell et al.).

[0289] The determination method according to Carbon Black is known to those skilled in the art, and for further details on the determination of the pore surface area and pore volume according to Carbon Black, reference can be made, for example, to RW Magee, Evaluation of the External Surface Area of ​​Carbon Black by Nitrogen Adsorption, Presented at the Meeting of the Rubber Division of the American Chem. Soc., October 1994, e.g., referenced in: Quantachrome Instruments, AUTOSORB-1, AS1 WinVersion 1.50, Operating Manual, OM, 05061, Quantachrome Instruments 2004, Florida, USA, pages 71 ff. In particular, the evaluation in this regard can be carried out using the t-plot method.

[0290] For further details on the determination of the BET surface area or on the BET method, reference can be made to the aforementioned ASTM D6556-04, as well as to Römpp Chemielexikon, 10th edition, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart / New York, keyword: "BET method", including the literature referenced therein, and to Winnacker-Küchler (3rd edition), Volume 7, pages 93 ff., as well as to Z. Anal. Chem. 238, pages 187 to 193 (1968).

[0291] Within the scope of the present invention, the term "micropores" refers to pores with pore diameters of less than 2 nm, whereas the term "mesopores" refers to pores with pore diameters in the range of 2 nm (i.e., 2 nm inclusive) to 50 nm inclusive, and the term "macropores" refers to pores with pore diameters of more than 50 nm (i.e., > 50 nm).

[0292] In general, according to the invention, it can be provided that the protective layer 5 or the protective filter material 1 contains the adsorber particles 5c, in particular the activated carbon particles, in an amount in the range of 5 g / m². 2 up to 450 g / m² 2 , especially 10 g / m² 2 up to 300 g / m² 2 , preferably 30 g / m² 2 up to 150 g / m² 2 The aforementioned information relates in particular to the dry weight of the adsorbent particles 5c used. In general, according to the invention, the adsorbent particles 5c are arranged or fixed on the carrier layer 3, in particular on the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 coated with adhesive 4, especially by means of the adhesive 4 (see Fig. 1A or Fig. 3A).

[0293] According to one embodiment of the invention, the protective layer 5 may also comprise or consist of at least one fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material 5d, in particular in the form of an adsorptive sheet structure (adsorption sheet structure), preferably in the form of an activated carbon fiber sheet structure. Reference can be made in particular to Fig. 1B. In this context, the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material 5d may be in the form of activated carbon fibers and / or activated carbon filaments, preferably in the form of an activated carbon fiber sheet structure.

[0294] Furthermore, the adsorptive sheet structure (adsorption sheet structure), preferably an activated carbon fiber sheet structure, can have a thickness, in particular a cross-sectional thickness, in the range of 0.001 mm to 5 mm, particularly in the range of 0.005 mm to 3 mm, preferably in the range of 0.01 mm to 2 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.02 mm to 1 mm, and most preferably in the range of 0.04 mm to 0.75 mm. The thickness can be determined, in particular, according to DIN EN ISO 9073-2:1979. In particular, the adsorptive sheet structure (adsorption sheet structure), preferably an activated carbon fiber sheet structure, can have a basis weight of 50 to 250 g / m². 2 , especially 50 to 200 g / m² 2 , preferably 80 to 180 g / m² 2 , especially preferably 90 to 150 g / m² 2 , exhibit. The relevant values ​​refer in particular to the dry weight of the adsorptive surface structure.

[0295] Furthermore, the adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure), preferably an activated carbon fiber surface structure, can be a woven, knitted, crocheted, non-woven, or textile-composite fabric, preferably a woven fabric, particularly made of activated carbon fibers. According to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the activated carbon fibers of the adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure), preferably an activated carbon fiber surface structure, consist of carbonized and activated cellulose or viscose and / or of carbonized or activated polyacrylonitrile, preferably of carbonized and activated polyacrylonitrile.

[0296] The production of activated carbon fiber sheet structures is described, for example, in WO-A-98 / 041678 and the resulting EP 0 966 558 B1 and DE 698 09 718 T2, or in WO-A-01 / 70372 and DE 196 47 366 A1. In general, the process involves passing a textile sheet structure or adsorptive sheet structure made from a suitable carbonizable starting material (e.g., cellulose, viscose, cotton, polyacrylonitrile, etc.) through a carbonization and activation furnace.

[0297] According to the invention, the adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure) can have at least one support layer, preferably two. It can also be provided that the adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure) is arranged between support layers, in particular between two support layers. This can provide stabilization or mechanical protection for the adsorptive surface structure. It is particularly provided that the adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure) forms a bond, preferably a solid bond, and / or a laminate with the at least one support layer. Furthermore, the adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure) can be three-layered, in particular as a three-layer bond, preferably a solid bond, and / or as a three-layer laminate.

[0298] Furthermore, the adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure) can be arranged and / or fixed on the carrier layer 3, in particular on the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 which is coated with adhesive 4, in particular by means of the adhesive 4.

[0299] According to a further embodiment of the present invention, the protective layer 5 may likewise comprise or consist of at least one particle and / or aerosol filter layer (particle and / or aerosol filter) 5e, as illustrated in Fig. 2. In this context, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e may have a thickness, in particular cross-sectional thickness, in the range of 0.001 mm to 5 mm, particularly in the range of 0.005 mm to 3 mm, preferably in the range of 0.01 mm to 2 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.02 mm to 1 mm, and most preferably in the range of 0.04 mm to 0.75 mm, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 9073-2:1997.

[0300] The particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e can in particular be a 2 2

[0301] (Total) surface weight in the range of 0.5 g / m² to 200 g / m², especially in the 2 2 2

[0302] exhibiting a density in the range of 0.8 g / m³ to 150 g / m³, preferably in the range of 1 g / m³ to 100 g / m³, in particular determined according to DIN EN 12127:1997, preferably after 24 hours of air conditioning or at a temperature of 20°C ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 65% ± 4%.

[0303] In particular, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e may comprise or consist of textile fibers selected from the group consisting of polyurethane fibers, polyester fibers, polyolefin fibers and polyamide fibers; and mixtures and combinations thereof, especially polyurethane fibers.

[0304] In particular, according to the invention, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e may be a textile surface structure formed on the basis of and / or from textile fibers, in particular synthetic textile fibers, preferably polyurethane fibers, and / or comprising the aforementioned textile fibers, in particular a non-woven fabric or textile composite, preferably a non-woven fabric, with a plurality of pores or meshes, in particular pores, limited and / or formed by the textile fibers.

[0305] In particular, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e can have a mean pore size or mean mesh size, in particular a mean pore size, in the range of 0.05 pm to 100 pm, particularly in the range of 0.1 pm to 50 pm, preferably in the range of 0.2 pm to 20 pm, more preferably in the range of 0.3 pm to 10 pm, most preferably in the range of 0.4 pm to 5 pm, and more preferably in the range of 0.5 pm to 3 pm. The determination in this respect can be carried out according to ASTM F316-86. In this respect, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e can have a maximum pore size or maximum mesh size, in particular a maximum pore size, of up to 200 pm, particularly up to 100 pm, more preferably up to 50 pm, more preferably at most 20 pm, more preferably up to 10 pm, and more preferably up to 4 pm. In this respect, the determination can also be made in particular according to ASTM F316-86.

[0306] According to one embodiment of the invention, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e can be designed as a HEPA filter (High Efficiency Penetration or Particulate Air) or a ULPA filter (Ultra Low Penetration or Particulate Air). This provides a particularly high filter efficiency.

[0307] Furthermore, according to the present invention, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e may have at least one support layer, preferably two. Alternatively or additionally, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e is arranged between outer support layers, in particular between two outer support layers. This provides efficient stabilization of the particle or aerosol filter layer. According to the invention, it may be particularly possible for the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e to form a bond, preferably a solid bond, and / or a laminate with the at least one support layer.

[0308] Preferably, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e is also provided to be three-layered, in particular as a three-layer composite, preferably a solid composite, or as a three-layer laminate, and / or that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e is arranged and / or fixed on the carrier layer 3, in particular on the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 coated with adhesive 4, in particular by means of the adhesive 4.

[0309] Fig. 3A shows an embodiment of the invention, in which a combination of a particle or aerosol filter layer 5e with a layer of adsorbent particles 5c is realized with respect to the protective layer 5. Such a combination leads to further improved protective properties against pollutants and toxins. For this purpose, it can therefore be provided, as shown in Fig. 3A, that the protective layer 5 comprises or consists of at least one particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e, in particular as defined above, in combination with adsorbent particles 5c, in particular layered adsorbent particles 5c, in particular activated carbon spheres, and / or layer-forming adsorbent particles 5c, in particular as defined above.

[0310] In this context, it may be provided in particular that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e forms a composite, preferably a solid composite, and / or a laminate with the adsorber particles 5c, in particular the layered adsorber particles 5c and / or the adsorber particles 5c forming a layer.

[0311] Similarly, according to the invention, it can be provided that the adsorber particles 5c are arranged and / or fixed on the carrier layer 3, in particular on the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 which is coated with adhesive 4, in particular by means of the adhesive 4.

[0312] Furthermore, within the scope of the present invention, it may be provided that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is arranged and / or fixed on the side of the adsorber particles 5c, in particular the layered adsorber particles 5c and / or the layer-forming adsorber particles 5c, facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 coated with adhesive 4. In particular, it may be provided that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e is arranged in the wear or application state on the side of the protective layer 5 facing a pollutant source, in particular on the side of the layered adsorber particles 5c facing a pollutant source.In particular, according to the invention, it may be the case that the adsorber particles 5c, in particular the layered adsorber particles 5c and / or the adsorber particles 5c forming a layer, are arranged in the carrying or application state on the side of the protective layer 5 facing away from a pollutant source, in particular on the side of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e facing away from a pollutant source.

[0313] As further illustrated in Fig. 3B, according to the invention, the protective layer 5 can also comprise both a particle or aerosol filter layer 5e and an adsorption filter material 5d, in particular arranged in a layer, especially activated carbon beads. In this context, it can be provided that the protective layer 5 comprises or consists of at least one particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e, in particular as defined above, in combination with a fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material 5d, preferably in the form of an adsorptive sheet structure (adsorption sheet structure or adsorption sheet), in particular as defined above.

[0314] Furthermore, according to the invention, it can be provided that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e forms a composite, preferably a solid composite, and / or a laminate with the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material 5d, preferably in the form of an adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure).

[0315] Likewise, according to the invention, it can be provided that the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material 5d, preferably in the form of an adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure), is arranged and / or fixed on the carrier layer 3, in particular on the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 which is coated with adhesive 4, in particular by means of the adhesive 4.

[0316] In this context, according to the invention, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e can also be arranged and / or fixed on the side of the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material 5d facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 coated with adhesive 4, preferably in the form of an adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure). In particular, according to the invention, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e is arranged in the wearing or application state on the side of the protective layer 5 facing a pollutant source, in particular on the side of the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material 5d facing a pollutant source.Similarly, according to the invention, the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material 5d, preferably in the form of an adsorptive sheet structure (adsorption sheet structure), can be arranged in the wear or application state on the side of the protective layer 5 facing away from a pollutant source, in particular on the side of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e facing away from a pollutant source. According to the invention, it can further be provided that the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive") is present and / or formed in the protective filter material 1 in the form of an adhesive polymer.

[0317] In particular, the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive") can be present and / or formed in the protective filter material 1 as an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable and / or preferably discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably based on an adhesive polymer. Furthermore, the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive") can be present in an amount in the range of 5 g / m². 2 up to 90 g / m² 2 , especially in the range of 10 g / m² 2 up to 70 g / m² 2 , preferably in the range of 15 g / m² 2 up to 45 g / m² 2 , be used and / or, in particular, exist as an adhesive polymer.

[0318] According to the invention, the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive") can also be formed and / or applied in a discontinuous, dot-like manner and / or in a non-continuous form and / or in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably with at least a substantially circular cross-section. The formation of the adhesive (polymer) dots with a circular cross-section refers in particular to a cross-section parallel to the main plane of extension of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c. Furthermore, the adhesive coating or the coating of the surfaces with the adhesive 7 can also be applied by means of a squeegee or by means of squeegee application. In addition, the adhesive 7 can also be formed or present as (adhesive) foam, in particular fractured (adhesive) foam. Adhesive webs or the like can also be used.

[0319] In particular, the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive") can be in the form of, in particular, non-contiguous adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably non-contiguous and / or spaced apart and / or non-contacting adhesive (polymer) dots. Likewise, the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive") can be in the form of an irregular pattern with a plurality of spaced-apart adhesive (polymer) dots.

[0320] According to the invention, it can generally be provided that the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive") is a particularly reactive hot melt adhesive, in particular a moisture-curing and / or radiation-curing adhesive, preferably a moisture-curing hot melt adhesive, preferably a reactive, in particular moisture-curing, polyurethane (PUR) hot melt adhesive, or is based thereon, in particular wherein the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive") is a one-component adhesive or is based thereon.

[0321] Furthermore, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e can be connected to the adsorber particles 5c and / or the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material 5d by means of an adhesive 8 ("third adhesive"), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded (see Fig. 3A and Fig. 3B as well as Fig. 6B).

[0322] As shown in Figures 3A and 3B, as well as in Figure 6B, a further adhesive 8 ("third adhesive") can be used to fix or bond the particle or aerosol filter layer 5e to the adsorber particles 5c (Figures 3A, 6B) or to the fibrous and filamentous adsorption filter material 5d (Figure 3B). The adhesive 8 ("third adhesive") can be present or formed in the protective filter material 1 in the form of an adhesive polymer. In particular, the adhesive 8 ("third adhesive") can be applied discontinuously, in a dot-like or non-continuous manner, or in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably with at least a substantially circular cross-section. Furthermore, the adhesive can also be applied by means of a squeegee or by applying the adhesive to the surfaces.Adhesive 8 can also be in the form of (adhesive) foam, in particular fractured (adhesive) foam. Furthermore, adhesive webs or similar materials may also be used. For further information on adhesive 8 ("third adhesive"), reference can also be made to the above descriptions of adhesive 7 ("second adhesive"), which apply accordingly to adhesive 8 ("third adhesive").

[0323] Within the scope of the invention, the covering layer 6 can in particular have the following properties:

[0324] According to the invention, the covering layer 6 can be designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface structure, in particular as a knitted fabric, woven fabric, non-woven fabric or textile composite material, preferably non-woven, particularly preferably as a non-woven.According to the invention, it can also be provided that the covering layer 6 comprises or consists of a material, in particular a textile fiber material, preferably in the form of and / or as a component of threads and / or yarns, selected from the group consisting of man-made fiber materials and natural fiber materials, preferably man-made fiber materials, in particular selected from the group consisting of cotton (CO); wool; linen; polyesters; polyolefins; polyvinyl chloride; polyvinylidene chloride; acetates; triacetates; aramids, in particular meta- and / or para-amides; optionally modified and / or regenerated celluloses; polyacrylic; polyamide; polyvinyl alcohol; polyurethanes; polyvinyl esters; modified and / or regenerated celluloses, in particular viscose; and mixtures or combinations thereof; preferably polyamide.

[0325] 2 In particular, the cover layer 6 can have a basis weight in the range of 5 g / m²

[0326] 2 2 2 to 100 g / m², particularly in the range of 10 g / m² to 80 g / m², preferably in

[0327] 2 2 2 2

[0328] The density should be in the range of 15 g / m² to 60 g / m², preferably in the range of 20 g / m² to 40 g / m².

[0329] As regards the protective layer 5 of the protective filter material 1 according to the invention, it can also comprise further components or layers, such as reinforcing layers or carrier layers, or the like. For example, the adsorber particles 5c, particularly in the form of activated carbon spheres, can be fixed to one or more textile carriers or carrier layers, which in turn are connected to the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c via the adhesive 4.In this respect as well, according to the invention, the formation and application of the first adhesive 4 is carried out in the manner described above, so that even for the embodiment using further carrier layers, in particular for the adsorber particles 5c, the yarn mobility is not affected as a result of the special adhesive selection and the special application, and thus a high (further) tear strength is still provided.

[0330] With regard to the protective filter material 1 according to the invention, it may be the case, in particular, that the carrier layer 3, especially the fabric 3c, in the case of protective clothing, is arranged on the side facing away from a pollutant source and / or on the side of the protective filter material 1 facing a user (wearer) of the ABC protective clothing item ("inner layer"). In particular, the carrier layer 3, especially the fabric 3c, may be arranged on the side of the protective layer 5 facing away from a pollutant source or on the side of the protective layer 5 facing a user (wearer).

[0331] With regard to the protective filter material 1 according to the invention, it may also be the case that, in the case of protective clothing, the covering layer 6 is arranged on the side facing away from the user (wearer) and / or on the side facing a pollutant source of the protective filter material 1 ("outer layer") when worn or in use. In particular, the covering layer 6 can be arranged on the side of the protective layer 5 facing a pollutant source or on the side of the protective layer 5 facing away from the user (wearer).

[0332] According to the invention, the protective filter material 1 can further comprise an outer layer 9, in particular a textile layer (outer fabric), as illustrated in Figs. 6A and 6B. In this context, it can be provided, in particular, that the outer layer 9 is arranged on the side of the cover layer 6 facing away from the protective layer 5 or the carrier layer 3. In particular, in the case of protective clothing, the outer layer 9 can be arranged on the side facing away from a user (wearer) and / or on the side of the protective filter material 1 facing a source of pollutants ("outer layer"). In particular, the outer layer 9 can be arranged on the side of the cover layer 6 facing a source of pollutants or on the side of the cover layer 6 facing away from a user (wearer) (see also Figs. 6A and 6B).

[0333] According to the invention, it can therefore be such that the outer layer 9 and / or the cover layer 6, preferably the outer layer 9, particularly in the case of the use of the protective filter material 1 in an ABC protective garment, are arranged in the wearing or application state on the side facing a pollutant source and / or on the side of the protective filter material 1 facing away from a user (wearer) of the ABC protective garment.

[0334] Against this background, it can be provided according to the invention, in particular, that the outer layer 9 and / or the cover layer 6, especially the outer layer 9, is flame-retardant and / or fire-resistant and / or flame-resistant. The properties in question can be provided, for example, by using a fire-resistant or flame-resistant material, for instance as a component of a yarn or in the form of fire-resistant or flame-resistant substances applied to the material, which is well known to those skilled in the art.

[0335] Furthermore, the outer layer 9 and / or the cover layer 6, in particular the outer layer 9, can be designed to be antistatic.

[0336] Furthermore, outer layer 9 and / or the cover layer 6, in particular outer layer 9, can have an oleophobic and / or hydrophobic finish or coating. This can, for example in the case of protective clothing, further improve the protective function against harmful or toxic substances, as these substances can essentially bead up or bead off the surface.

[0337] Within the scope of the present invention, it is particularly such that the outer layer 9 is present or designed as a gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, textile surface structure.

[0338] According to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the outer layer 9 is designed as a textile knit fabric, preferably as a knitted fabric (knitted fabric) or knitted fabric (knitted fabric), or in particular as a woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, fleece or textile composite material.

[0339] Within the scope of the present invention, it has proven advantageous if the outer layer 9 comprises or consists of a material, in particular a textile fiber material, preferably in the form of and / or as a component of threads and / or yarns, selected from the group consisting of man-made fiber materials and natural fiber materials, in particular selected from the group consisting of cotton (CO); wool; linen; polyesters; polyolefins; polyvinyl chloride; polyvinylidene chloride; acetates, in particular cellulose acetates; triacetates, in particular cellulose triacetates; aramids, in particular meta- and / or para-amides; optionally modified and / or regenerated celluloses; polyacrylic; polyamide; polyvinyl alcohol; polyurethanes; polyvinyl esters; modified and / or regenerated celluloses, in particular viscose; and mixtures or combinations thereof.

[0340] Furthermore, the outer layer 9 can have a basis weight in the range of 5 g / m². 2 up to 400 g / m² 2, especially in the range of 10 g / m² 2 up to 300 g / m² 2 , preferably in the range of 20 g / m² 2 up to 250 g / m² 2 , particularly preferably in the range of 30 g / m² 2 up to 175 g / m² 2 exhibit, in particular as determined according to DIN EN 12127:1997, preferably after 24 hours of air conditioning or at a temperature of 20°C ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 65% ± 4%. In general, the outer layer 9 can also have a basis weight in the range of 10 g / m². 2 up to 600 g / m² 2 Furthermore, the outer layer 9 can have a thickness, in particular cross-sectional thickness, in the range of 0.001 mm to 10 mm, particularly in the range of 0.01 mm to 8 mm, preferably in the range of 0.05 mm to 4 mm, preferably in the range of 0.075 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.1 mm to 2 mm, and more preferably in the range of 0.15 mm to 1 mm, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 5084:1996.

[0341] In particular, within the scope of the present invention, the protective filter material 1, especially the carrier layer 3, the layer formed by the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive"), the protective layer 5, the layer formed by the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive"), and the cover layer 7, are each air-permeable and water vapor-permeable. According to the invention, it is also specifically provided that the outer layer 9 and / or the layer formed by the adhesive 8 ("third adhesive") are air-permeable and water vapor-permeable.

[0342] The protective filter material 1 according to the invention can in particular be designed as a protective filter material 1 as a composite, preferably a solid composite, or as a laminate, in particular an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable composite or laminate.

[0343] According to the invention, the outer layer 9 can be firmly connected (attached or fixed) to the other layers of the protective filter material 1, in particular the carrier layer 3, the protective layer 5 and / or the cover layer 6, only section by section, in particular linearly and / or at the edges, in particular by sewing, welding, stapling, gluing or the like, preferably sewing, and is otherwise arranged loosely and / or unconnected, in particular wherein the outer layer 9 rests on the other layered composite, in particular on the cover layer 6.

[0344] Within the scope of the present invention, it can also be provided that the outer layer 9 and the further layer assembly, in particular the layer assembly comprising the carrier layer 3, the protective layer 5 and / or the cover layer 6, of the protective filter material 1 are firmly connected (fastened, fixed) and / or made to adhere to one another at their contact surfaces, in particular at least substantially over the entire surface and / or at least substantially across the entire surface, in particular laminated, preferably at least substantially over the entire surface. In this context, the firm connection (fastening, fixing) and / or adhesion, in particular lamination, can be formed, for example, over the entire surface or across the entire contact area, but preferably discontinuously, preferably pointwise and / or with interruptions.For this purpose, yet another adhesive ("fourth adhesive") can be used. In particular, the outer layer 9 is attached to the cover layer 6.

[0345] Furthermore, the protective filter material 1 can have at least one additional layer, in particular a textile layer, preferably a reinforcing and / or carrier layer or the like, in particular as mentioned above.

[0346] The protective filter material 1 according to the invention can, in particular, have the following specified layer sequence: textile support layer 3, protective layer 5, optionally a textile cover layer 6, optionally an outer layer 9. In particular, a layer sequence according to support layer 3, protective layer 5 can be based on adsorber particles 5c (see Fig. 1A) or on a fibrous or filamentous adsorption material 5d (see Fig. 1B) and / or on a particle or aerosol filter layer 5e (see Fig. 2) and cover layer 6, and optionally an outer layer 9. Furthermore, the protective filter material 1 can have a layer sequence in the form of support layer 3, adsorber particles 5 (see Fig. 3A) or fibrous or filamentous adsorption material 5d (see Fig. 3B) and particle or aerosol filter layer 5e, and optionally a cover layer 6 and optionally an outer layer 9.According to further embodiments, a layer sequence consisting of carrier layer 3, protective layer 5 with adsorber particles 5c, cover layer 6 and outer layer 9 is also possible (see Fig. 6A). According to a further embodiment, a layer sequence consisting of carrier layer 3, protective layer 5 with adsorber particles 5c and particle or aerosol filter layer 5e, as well as cover layer 6 and outer layer 9, is also possible (see Fig. 6B).

[0347] The protective filter material 1 according to the invention can in particular have a (total) surface weight (especially determined as dry weight) in the range of 50 g / m² to 1,000 g / m², in particular in the range of 75 g / m² to 750 g / m², 2 2 preferably in the range of 100 g / m² to 500 g / m², preferably in the range of 2 2 2

[0348] 120 g / m² to 350 g / m², particularly preferably in the range of 150 g / m² to 2

[0349] The basis weight should be 300 g / m². It can be determined in particular according to DIN EN 12127, preferably after 1 hour of drying at 105 °C.

[0350] Furthermore, the protective filter material 1 according to the invention can have a thickness, in particular total cross-sectional thickness, in the range of 0.1 mm to 15 mm, particularly in the range of 0.15 mm to 10 mm, preferably in the range of 0.2 mm to 6 mm, preferably in the range of 0.3 mm to 4 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.4 mm to 2 mm, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 5084.

[0351] The protective filter material 1 according to the invention is also characterized by high tear resistance. In particular, the protective filter material 1 can have a tear resistance (preferably tear strength), in particular a tear force (preferably tear force), of at least 25 N, in particular at least 30 N, preferably at least 35 N, more preferably at least 40 N, and most preferably at least 50 N. Furthermore, the protective filter material 1 according to the invention can have a tear resistance (preferably tear strength), in particular a tear force (preferably tear force), in the range of 25 N to 500 N, in particular in the range of 30 N to 400 N, more preferably in the range of 35 N to 300 N, more preferably in the range of 40 N to 250 N, and most preferably in the range of 50 N to 200 N.The (prolonged) tear strength can be determined in particular according to DIN EN ISO 13937-2:2000 (leg tear test), especially in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction of the protective filter material. underlying tissue 3c.

[0352] According to the invention, it can be provided that the protective filter material 1 according to 2 1 of the invention has an air permeability of at least 1 km s , in particular 2 1 2 1 at least 2 I ms , preferably at least 5 I ms , preferably at least 7 , especially preferably at least 10 exhibits, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 9237:1995 and / or in particular determined at a differential pressure (flow resistance) of 100 Pascals. In this context, the protective filter material 1 can have an air permeability in the range of 1 l / s to 2,000 l / s, in particular in the range of 2 l / s to 1,500 l / s, preferably in the range of 5 l / s to 1,250 l / s, preferably in the range of 7 l / s to 1,000 l / s, and most preferably in the range of 10 l / s. exhibiting pressures up to 750 I ms, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 9237:1995 and / or in particular determined at a differential pressure (flow resistance) of 100 Pascals. The high air permeability results in excellent wearing comfort in the case of protective clothing, while also reducing the risk of heat build-up even under heavy physical exertion. Furthermore, good moisture exchange is possible. In the case of technical filter applications, high throughput rates of the medium to be purified, such as air, can be achieved, along with high filter efficiency.

[0353] In particular, the protective filter material 1 according to the invention exhibits a barrier effect against harmful and / or toxic substances, especially chemical warfare agents, in particular bis[2-chloroethyl]sulfide (mustard gas, HD), determined according to method 2.2 of CRDEC-SP-84010, of at most 4 pg / cm². 2per 24 h, in particular a maximum of 3.5 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably no more than 3.0 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably no more than 2.5 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably not more than 2.25 pg / cm² 2 per 24 hours, preferably no more than 2 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably no more than 1.75 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h. In this regard, the use of adsorbent particles 5c, in particular activated carbon spheres, or an adsorption material 5d, in particular as defined above, may be provided. Furthermore, the protective filter material 1 according to the invention can have a barrier effect against pollutants and / or toxins, in particular chemical warfare agents, in particular bis[2-chloroethyl]sulfide (mustard gas, HD), determined according to a laid drop diffusive flow test of at most 4 pg / cm². 2 per 24 h, in particular a maximum of 3.5 pg / cm² 2per 24 h, preferably no more than 3.0 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably no more than 2.5 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably not more than 2.25 pg / cm² 2 per 24 hours, preferably no more than 2 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably no more than 1.75 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, exhibit, in particular as cumulative breakthrough by gas chromatography (GC / FPD) after exposure to mustard gas for 24 h at a temperature of 23 °C and a relative humidity of no more than 5% RH, especially with a material sample area of ​​10 cm² 2The test involves applying 8 mustard gas drops (each drop volume = 1 pl) to the material, conducting the test in a test cell over a PE membrane (10 pm), with a flow rate of 100 ml / min under the material, a flow rate of 0.5 m / s over the material, and a flow rate of 0 cm / s through the material. In particular, the airflow under the material sample can be drawn through a wash bottle, for example, and the cumulative breakthrough is then measured using gas chromatography, as described above. The diffusion flow test simulates the diffusion of liquid chemical warfare agent through the underlying protective filter material without convection, thereby simulating the contact of the protective clothing with the skin, which is simulated by the PE membrane.

[0354] Furthermore, the protective filter material 1 according to the invention may have a separation efficiency of at least 80%, in particular at least 85%, preferably at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, in particular determined according to ISO 29463-3 at a pressure difference of 15 Pascals and / or at a flow velocity of 5 m / s and at a temperature of 23 °C ± 3 °C and with potassium chloride (KCl) as the test substance at a particle size in the range of 0.045 pm to 0.931 pm and with an aerosol concentration of < 3 mg / m³ 3and in particular with a surface diameter (sample size) of the protective filter material 1 of 150 mm and a test duration of 300 s. In this regard, a particle or aerosol filter layer 5e, in particular as defined above, may be provided. The aforementioned values ​​regarding air permeability, barrier effect, and separation efficiency are achieved due to the high tear resistance, particularly even after exposure to a forceful tearing stress (preferably tear propagation stress), such as at least 25 N, in particular at least 30 N, preferably at least 35 N, preferably at least 40 N, particularly preferably at least 50 N, or in the range of 25 N to 500 N, in particular in the range of 30 N to 400 N, preferably in the range of 35 N to 300 N, preferably in the range of 40 N to 250 N, particularly preferably in the range of 50 N to 200 N (in particular based on DIN EN ISO 13937-2:2000).

[0355] According to the present aspect, the present invention also relates to an ABC protective filter material 1 (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular an ABC protective filter material 1 with high and / or improved (propagation) tear strength (preferably tear propagation strength), preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material 1 with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved (propagation) tear strength, in particular an ABC protective filter material 1 as defined above, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 is a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multi-layered structure 2,in particular is formed from several interconnected layers (layers) 3, 4, 5, preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii):,

[0356] (i) a textile carrier layer 3 with two opposite sides 3a, 3b, wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a is coated and / or provided with an adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) preferably applied discontinuously, and / or wherein an adhesive 4, preferably applied discontinuously, is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a, (ii) a protective layer 5 with two opposite sides 5a, 5b and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or aerosol-filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer 5 is connected via one of its two sides 5a to the textile carrier layer 3, in particular to the adhesive-coated and / or provided side 3a (“functional side”) of the carrier layer 3, by means of the adhesive 4,especially permanently and / or firmly attached, preferably glued,

[0357] (iii) optionally a textile cover layer 6, wherein the cover layer 6 is connected to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive 7 (“second adhesive”) applied preferably discontinuously to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3, wherein the textile carrier layer 3 is designed as a fabric 3c with a plurality of warp threads 3d and with a plurality of weft threads 3e;wherein the fabric 3c has floats 3f, 3g in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in both the warp and weft directions, and / or wherein at least a part of the warp threads 3d and / or the weft threads 3e, preferably at least a part of the warp threads 3d and the weft threads 3e, is designed to float, in particular wherein the floats 3f in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads 3e and / or span these each, and / or in particular wherein the floats 3g in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads 3d and / or span these each; and / or, preferably and, wherein a portion of the warp threads 3d is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a portion of the weft threads 3e is entered multiple times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a portion of the warp threads 3d is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and a portion of the;

[0358] weft threads 3e are inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double); and wherein the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, comprises or preferably consists of at least one multi-component yarn (multi-component fiber), in particular at least one sheath / core yarn, preferably at least one sheath / core yarn with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material and at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular at least substantially non-stretchable and / or non-elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably polyester (PES), as core material; and / or wherein the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, comprises or preferably consists of at least one sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn).

[0359] According to the present aspect, the present invention also relates to an ABC protective filter material 1 (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular an ABC protective filter material 1 with high and / or improved (propagation) tear strength (preferably tear propagation strength), preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material 1 with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved (propagation) tear strength, in particular an ABC protective filter material 1 as defined above, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 is a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multi-layered structure 2,in particular is formed from several interconnected layers (layers) 3, 4, 5, preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii):,

[0360] (i) a textile carrier layer 3 with two opposite sides 3a, 3b, wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a is coated and / or provided with an adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) preferably applied discontinuously and / or wherein an adhesive 4 (preferably applied discontinuously) is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a,

[0361] (ii) a protective layer 5 with two opposing sides 5a, 5b and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or aerosol-filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer 5 is connected via one of its two sides 5a by means of the adhesive 4 to the textile carrier layer 3, in particular to the adhesive-coated and / or provided side 3a (“functional side”) of the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded,

[0362] (iii) optionally a textile cover layer 6, wherein the cover layer 6 is connected to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive 7 applied preferably discontinuously to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3 (“second adhesive”); wherein the textile carrier layer 3 is designed as a fabric 3c with a plurality of warp threads 3d and with a plurality of weft threads 3e;wherein the fabric 3c has floats 3f, 3g in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in both the warp and weft directions, and / or wherein at least a part of the warp threads 3d and / or the weft threads 3e, preferably at least a part of the warp threads 3d and the weft threads 3e, is designed to float, in particular wherein the floats 3f in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads 3e and / or span these each, and / or in particular wherein the floats 3g in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads 3d and / or span these each;and / or, preferably, wherein a portion of the warp threads 3d is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a portion of the weft threads 3e is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a portion of the warp threads 3d is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and a portion of the weft threads 3e is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double); and wherein the warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e forming the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, in particular the warp thread system and the weft thread system, have at least substantially identical and / or at least substantially equal densities (fineness or thickness) compared to each other.

[0363] Likewise, according to the present aspect, the invention also relates to an ABC protective filter material 1 (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular an ABC protective filter material 1 with high and / or improved (propagation) tear strength (preferably tear propagation strength), preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material 1 with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved (propagation) tear strength, in particular an ABC protective filter material 1 as defined above, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 is a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multi-layered structure 2,in particular is formed from several interconnected layers (layers) 3, 4, 5, preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii):,

[0364] (i) a textile carrier layer 3 with two opposite sides 3a, 3b, wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a is coated and / or provided with an adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) preferably applied discontinuously, and / or wherein an adhesive 4, preferably applied discontinuously, is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a, (ii) a protective layer 5 with two opposite sides 5a, 5b and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or aerosol-filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer 5 is connected via one of its two sides 5a to the textile carrier layer 3, in particular to the adhesive-coated and / or provided side 3a (“functional side”) of the carrier layer 3, by means of the adhesive 4,especially permanently and / or firmly attached, preferably glued,

[0365] (iii) optionally a textile cover layer 6, wherein the cover layer 6 is connected to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive 7 applied preferably discontinuously to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3 (“second adhesive”); wherein the textile carrier layer 3 is designed as a fabric 3c with a plurality of warp threads 3d and with a plurality of weft threads 3e;wherein the fabric 3c has floats 3f, 3g in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in both the warp and weft directions, and / or wherein at least a part of the warp threads 3d and / or the weft threads 3e, preferably at least a part of the warp threads 3d and the weft threads 3e, is designed to float, in particular wherein the floats 3f in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads 3e and / or span these each, and / or in particular wherein the floats 3g in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads 3d and / or span these each;and / or, preferably, wherein a portion of the warp threads 3d is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a portion of the weft threads 3e is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a portion of the warp threads 3d is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and a portion of the weft threads 3e is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double); wherein the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, comprises or preferably consists of at least one multi-component yarn (multi-component fiber), in particular at least one sheath / core yarn, preferably at least one sheath / core yarn with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material and at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular at least substantially non-stretchable and / or non-elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably polyester (PES), as core material;and / or wherein the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, comprises or preferably consists of at least one sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as the sheath material and polyester (PES) as the core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn); and wherein the warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e forming the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, in particular the warp thread system and the weft thread system, have at least substantially identical and / or at least substantially equal titers (fineness or thickness) compared to each other.

[0366] Furthermore, according to the present aspect, the invention also relates to an ABC protective filter material 1 (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular an ABC protective filter material 1 with high and / or improved tear resistance (preferably tear resistance), preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material 1 with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved tear resistance, in particular an ABC protective filter material 1 as defined above, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 is a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multilayered structure 2.in particular comprising several interconnected layers (layers) 3, 4, 5), preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 comprises in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii):,

[0367] (i) a textile carrier layer 3 with two opposite sides 3a, 3b, wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a is coated and / or provided with an adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) preferably applied discontinuously and / or wherein an adhesive 4 (preferably applied discontinuously) is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a,

[0368] (ii) a protective layer 5 with two opposing sides 5a, 5b and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer 5 is connected via one of its two sides 5a by means of the adhesive 4 to the textile carrier layer 3, in particular to the adhesive-coated and / or provided side 3a (“functional side”) of the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded,

[0369] (iii) optionally a textile cover layer 6, wherein the cover layer 6 is connected to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive 7 applied preferably discontinuously to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3 (“second adhesive”); wherein the textile carrier layer 3 is designed as a fabric 3c with a plurality of warp threads 3d and with a plurality of weft threads 3e; wherein the fabric 3c has floats 3f, 3g in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in both the warp and weft directions, and / or wherein at least a part of the warp threads 3d and / or the weft threads 3e, preferably at least a part of the warp threads 3d and the weft threads 3e, is designed to be floating,in particular wherein the floats 3f in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads 3e and / or each span over them and / or in particular wherein the floats 3g in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads 3d and / or each span over them; and / or, preferably, wherein a portion of the warp threads 3d is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a portion of the weft threads 3e is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a portion of the warp threads 3d is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and a portion of the weft threads 3e is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double); wherein the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, comprises at least one multi-component yarn (multi-component fiber), in particular at least one sheath / core yarn, preferably at least one sheath / core yarn with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO).as sheath material and at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular at least substantially non-stretchable and / or non-elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably polyester (PES), as core material, or preferably consists thereof; and / or wherein the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, comprises or preferably consists of at least one sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn); wherein the warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e forming the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, in particular the warp thread system and the weft thread system, have at least substantially identical and / or at least substantially equal titers (fineness or thickness) compared to each other; and wherein the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is designed and / or applied such that the thread mobility, in particular the thread displacement,preferably in the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, particularly under forceful (prolonged) tearing stress, at least substantially unimpaired and / or restricted. According to the present aspect, the invention also relates to an ABC protective filter material 1 (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular an ABC protective filter material 1 with high and / or improved (prolonged) tear strength (preferably tear propagation strength), preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material 1 with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved (prolonged) tear strength, in particular an ABC protective filter material 1 as defined above.wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multi-layered structure 2, in particular consisting of several interconnected layers 3, 4, 5, preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii):,

[0370] (i) a textile carrier layer 3 with two opposite sides 3a, 3b, wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a is coated and / or provided with an adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) preferably applied discontinuously and / or wherein an adhesive 4 (preferably applied discontinuously) is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a,

[0371] (ii) a protective layer 5 with two opposing sides 5a, 5b and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer 5 is connected via one of its two sides 5a by means of the adhesive 4 to the textile carrier layer 3, in particular to the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 which is coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer 6, wherein the cover layer 6 is connected to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded,in particular by means of an adhesive 7 (“second adhesive”) applied preferably discontinuously to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3; wherein the textile carrier layer 3 is designed as a fabric 3c with a plurality of warp threads 3d and with a plurality of weft threads 3e; wherein the fabric 3c has floats 3f, 3g in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in both the warp and weft directions, and / or wherein at least a part of the warp threads 3d and / or the weft threads 3e, preferably at least a part of the warp threads 3d and the weft threads 3e, is designed to float.in particular wherein the floats 3f in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads 3e and / or each span over them and / or in particular wherein the floats 3g in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads 3d and / or each span over them; and / or, preferably, wherein a portion of the warp threads 3d is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or is formed with multiple, in particular twice (double), thickness (fineness or thickness) in relation to the (remaining) warp threads 3d, and / or wherein a portion of the weft threads 3e is entered multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or is formed with multiple, in particular twice (double), thickness (fineness or thickness) in relation to the (remaining) weft threads 3e, preferably wherein a portion of the warp threads 3d is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or with multiple, in particular twice (double),The fabric is formed with a higher density (fineness or thickness) relative to the (remaining) warp threads 3d, and a portion of the weft threads 3e is formed multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or with a higher density (fineness or thickness) relative to the (remaining) weft threads 3e. A further object of the present invention – according to a second aspect of the present invention – is the use of floats in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction in a textile carrier layer formed as a woven fabric with a plurality of warp threads and a plurality of weft threads, in particular wherein the floats in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads and / or span these, and / or, preferably,multiple, in particular double, warp threads and / or multiple, in particular double, weft threads inserted into the textile carrier layer, which is designed as a fabric with a plurality of warp threads and a plurality of weft threads, to increase and / or improve the (prolonged) tear strength (preferably tear resistance) of an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material) comprising the carrier layer, in particular wherein the ABC protective filter material is used in a textile ABC protective garment, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular to increase and / or improve the (prolonged) tear strength of an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material comprising the carrier layer with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants.

[0372] In accordance with this aspect, a further object of the present invention is the inventive method for increasing and / or improving the (prolonged) tear strength (preferably tear resistance) of an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material), in particular wherein the ABC protective filter material is used in a textile ABC protective garment, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular for increasing and / or improving the (prolonged) tear strength of an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the ABC protective filter material has a textile carrier layer designed as a fabric with a plurality of warp threads and with a plurality of weft threads,wherein the fabric is formed and / or equipped with floats in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, in particular wherein the floats in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads and / or span these each, and / or preferably wherein the floats in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads and / or span these each, and / or, preferably, wherein in the fabric a portion of the warp threads is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a portion of the weft threads is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double).

[0373] A further object of the present invention – according to a third aspect of the present invention – is the use, according to the invention, of a textile carrier layer designed as a fabric with a plurality of warp threads and with a plurality of weft threads, for increasing and / or improving the (prolonged) tear strength (preferably tear resistance) of an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material) comprising the carrier layer, in particular wherein the ABC protective filter material is used in a textile ABC protective garment, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular for increasing and / or improving the (prolonged) tear strength of an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the fabric

[0374] Floats in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, in particular wherein the floats in the warp direction extend over at least two weft threads and / or span these each, and / or in particular wherein the floats in the weft direction extend over at least two warp threads and / or span these each, and / or, preferably, has multiple, in particular double, inserted warp threads and / or multiple, in particular double, inserted weft threads.

[0375] In this context, the present invention also relates to the inventive method for increasing and / or improving the (further) tear resistance of an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material) and / or a textile ABC protective garment comprising the ABC protective filter material, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular for increasing and / or improving the (further) tear resistance of an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and / or a textile ABC protective garment comprising the ABC protective filter material, wherein the ABC protective filter material is provided and / or equipped with a textile carrier layer designed as a fabric with a plurality of warp threads and with a plurality of weft threads,wherein the fabric has floats in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, in particular wherein the floats in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads and / or span these each, and / or preferably wherein the floats in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads and / or span these each, and / or, preferably, wherein in the fabric a portion of the warp threads are drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a portion of the weft threads are inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double).

[0376] According to the aforementioned second and third aspects, it can be provided according to the invention in particular that the ABC protective filter material is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multi-layered structure, in particular consisting of several interconnected layers, preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii):

[0377] (i) the textile carrier layer formed as a woven fabric with two opposite sides, wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) is coated and / or provided with an adhesive preferably applied discontinuously (“first adhesive”) and / or wherein an adhesive preferably applied discontinuously is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”),

[0378] (ii) a protective layer with two opposite sides and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer is connected via one of its two sides to the textile carrier layer, in particular to the side of the carrier layer coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, by means of the adhesive,

[0379] (iii) optionally a textile cover layer, wherein the cover layer is connected to the protective layer, in particular to the side of the protective layer facing away from the carrier layer, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive applied preferably discontinuously to the protective layer, in particular to the side of the protective layer facing away from the carrier layer (“second adhesive”).

[0380] Furthermore, according to the aforementioned aspects, it can also be provided according to the invention that the floats (floats) in the fabric 3c are formed in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in both the warp and weft directions, and / or wherein at least a portion of the warp threads and / or the weft threads, preferably at least a portion of the warp threads and the weft threads, are formed as floats, and / or, preferably, that a portion of the warp threads is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a portion of the weft threads is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a portion of the warp threads is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and a portion of the weft threads is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double).

[0381] With regard to the aforementioned second and third aspects, reference can be made to the explanations concerning the further aspects of the present invention, which apply accordingly to the aforementioned aspects.

[0382] A further object of the present invention – according to a fourth aspect of the present invention – is the use of an ABC protective filter material, as defined above, for the manufacture of protective equipment and / or protective articles of all kinds, in particular protective clothing (“ABC or CBRN protective clothing”), especially for the civilian or military sector, such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective footwear, protective socks, head protection clothing, or the like, and / or for the manufacture of protective covers of all kinds, preferably all the aforementioned protective materials and / or protective clothing items for ABC use and / or with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxins.

[0383] According to the present aspect, the present invention also relates to the use of an ABC protective filter material, as defined above, for the manufacture of filters and filter materials ("ABC or CBRN filters" or "ABC or CBRN filter materials") of all kinds, in particular for the removal of pollutants, odors and toxins of all kinds, preferably for the removal of chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxins, in particular from air and / or gas streams, such as ABC protective mask filters, odor filters, surface filters, air filters, in particular filters for room air purification, adsorbable carrier structures and filters for the medical field.

[0384] With regard to the present aspect, reference may also be made to the explanations concerning the further aspects of the present invention, which apply accordingly here. Furthermore, according to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the present invention also relates to the protective equipment and / or protective articles of all kinds according to the invention, in particular for the civilian or military sector, especially protective clothing (“ABC or…”).CBRN protective clothing"), such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective footwear, protective socks, head protection clothing and the like, as well as protective covers, preferably all the aforementioned protective equipment and / or protective articles for ABC use and / or with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxins, manufactured using an ABC protective filter material 1 as defined above, and / or comprising an ABC protective filter material 1 as defined above.

[0385] With regard to the present aspect, reference can also be made to the explanations concerning the other aspects of the present invention, which apply accordingly in this case.

[0386] The present invention further relates – according to a sixth aspect of the present invention – to filters and filter materials according to the invention (“ABC or CBRN filters” or “ABC or CBRN filter materials”) of all kinds, in particular for the removal of pollutants, odors and toxins of all kinds, preferably for the removal of chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxins, in particular from air and / or gas streams, such as protective mask filters, odor filters, surface filters, air filters, in particular filters for room air purification, adsorbable carrier structures and filters for the medical field, manufactured using an ABC protective filter material 1 as defined above, and / or comprising an ABC protective filter material 1 as defined above.

[0387] With regard to the present aspect, reference can also be made to the explanation of the further aspects of the present invention, which apply accordingly in this case.

[0388] Overall, the present invention provides a high-performance and highly efficient protective filter material 1, which exhibits high tear resistance and durability, while simultaneously offering high protection against harmful and toxic substances and high wearing comfort when used as protective clothing. Consequently, the protective filter material 1 according to the invention is suitable for numerous applications, as outlined above.

[0389] Further embodiments, modifications, variations, special features and advantages of the present invention are readily apparent and achievable for the person skilled in the art when reading the description, without leaving the scope of the present invention.

[0390] The present invention is illustrated by the following exemplary embodiments, which, however, are not intended to limit the present invention in any way.

[0391] EXAMPLES OF EXECUTION:

[0392] 1. General remarks on methods of determination and measurement

[0393] Within the scope of the present invention, the following methods of determination and measurement can in particular be used to characterize the protective filter material according to the invention or products manufactured on this basis, such as protective clothing (see also the above explanations): a) General test conditions

[0394] In general, to determine certain material properties of the protective filter material according to the invention or other materials, the following procedure is used: the materials or test specimens to be examined are stored or acclimatized under normal climate conditions, for example in a climate chamber for 24 hours before the start of the examination or testing. Subsequently, the textile tests are carried out at a temperature of T = 20 ± 2°C and a relative humidity of cp = 65 ± 4% (see DIN EN ISO 139:2011), for example in a suitably climate-controlled environment or test chamber. b) Product feel (haptics) and visual assessment

[0395] To determine and evaluate the surface texture and feel of the textile surface of the materials under investigation, the subjective perception of an assessing test subject is used, without the use of any aids. c) Thread count

[0396] The number of threads per unit length can be determined in particular according to DIN EN 1049-Part 2 (see Method B - thread counter on a conditioned surface). d) Area weight

[0397] The basis weight can be determined in particular according to DIN EN 12127. This can be done by taking five samples, distributed across the width of the fabric, from a conditioned textile surface using a cutting device, with each sample having a surface area of ​​100 cm². 2 The samples are weighed under conditioned or predetermined conditions on an area weight balance. e) Air permeability

[0398] This testing method involves measuring an airflow passing through a surface under defined conditions within a specific timeframe. The test is performed according to DIN EN ISO 9237. The conditioned textile surface is measured on a test area of ​​20 cm². 2 Measured at a differential pressure of 100 Pa, in particular on a TestTex Instruments testing device. The procedure is such that the air permeability test is carried out five times across the entire width of the material. f) Maximum tensile force

[0399] The maximum tensile strength can be measured using the so-called strip tensile test according to DIN EN ISO 13934-1. The textile fabric or the specimen under test is stretched at a constant deformation rate until it breaks. For the test, a number of samples (especially six) can be grooved in each direction to a width of 50 mm ± 5 mm and cut to a minimum length that allows a clamping length of 200 mm. The prestress for textiles with a basis weight of < 200 g / m² 2 is 2 N. The maximum tensile strength can be determined in particular on a test device (Zw / c test device) from ZwickRoell GmbH & Co. KG. g) Leg tear-through force

[0400] The tear force test measures the force required to tear a textile material, particularly a woven fabric or a multi-layered protective filter material based on it. The test is performed according to DIN EN ISO 13937-2. For single-layer textile materials, such as woven fabrics, a sample size of 100 mm x 50 mm can be selected, based on the standard conditions according to DIN 53859-2:1979. The sample is then cut along its narrow edge to a depth of 50 mm, creating two segments.For multilayer textile materials, particularly multilayer protective filter materials, samples measuring 200 mm x 50 mm (with a 100 mm incision on one narrow edge) or 200 mm x 200 mm (with a 100 mm incision on one edge) are used. The latter sample size is particularly suitable when threads are pulled from the surface during the tearing process with the smaller sample. The tests for the protective filter materials according to the invention are primarily carried out on the larger samples. A mark is made at a distance of 25 mm from the edge of the sample opposite the incision, indicating the end of the tear path. The incision results in two segments, which are fixed in the clamping jaws of the tensile testing machine.The legs formed by the incision are clamped into the upper and lower clamps of the testing machine without preload. The fixed legs are moved away from each other at a defined deformation rate of 100 mm / min until the end of the tear path is reached. The test specimen is subjected to a continuously increasing tensile force. A tensile force-displacement diagram is recorded during the tensile test. Each peak of the diagram curve corresponds to the maximum tensile force value when one or more transverse threads break. According to the standard specifications, the arithmetic mean is calculated from the recorded peak values. The tear force is given in Newtons (N). The determination of the leg tear force can be carried out on a number of test specimens (in particular, five or six specimens each), which are cut in both the warp and weft directions, with the mean value for the respective directions then being calculated.The investigations and tests can be carried out, in particular, on a Z005 type testing machine from ZwickRoell GmbH & Co. KG. Reference can also be made to the above statements in this regard. h) Dimensional changes.

[0401] This test procedure, based on DIN EN ISO 5077, allows for the determination of wash shrinkage values ​​in both longitudinal and transverse directions. The samples to be tested are first acclimatized under standard climatic conditions. Subsequently, a 500 mm measuring line is marked at three points in each direction using a water-insoluble marker. The samples are then washed according to DIN EN ISO 6330, program 4M (gentle wash at approximately 40 °C) with approximately 20 g of phosphate-free upholstery detergent on a Vebotech GmbH Wascator washing machine. After washing, the samples are tumble dried to cupboard dry and then acclimatized for at least 24 hours. The dimensional change can be determined in both the longitudinal and transverse directions using the following formula. to be calculated, where x0 is the initial measure and x t This represents the measurement taken after treatment. Material tests and properties.

[0402] The following presents investigations into the textile-physical properties of various textile materials, specifically single-layer textile materials in the form of various woven fabrics, and multi-layer protective filter materials using different weave structures with regard to the carrier layers employed. In detail: a) Textile-physical properties of (single-layer) textile materials in the form of various weave types

[0403] This document describes single-layer textile materials in the form of various fabric types, which can also be used as backing layers in protective filter materials. The textile materials listed are based on the use of sheath / core yarns with cotton as the sheath material and polyester as the core material, the core consisting of several polyester (PES) filaments. The cotton-to-polyester ratio is 59:41 by weight.

[0404] (i) A first textile material G1 is in the form of a plain weave fabric. The first textile material G1 has no floats or is free of floats (i.e., the first textile material G1 is free of floats extending in the warp direction over or spanning at least two weft threads and free of floats extending in the weft direction over or spanning at least two warp threads). The first textile material G1 also has no warp threads that are multiple or double inserted and no weft threads that are multiple or double inserted (i.e., the textile material G1 is free of multiple or double inserted warp threads and free of multiple or double inserted weft threads). The first textile material G1 has a warp thread count of approximately 30 warp threads / cm and a weft thread count of approximately 24 weft threads / cm.The basis weight of the first textile material G1 is 90.9 g / m². 2 The first textile material G1, as a pure plain weave, exhibits a tear strength in the warp direction (tear strength warp) of 20.8 N and a tear strength in the weft direction (tear strength weft) of 21.3 N with regard to tear resistance.

[0405] (ii) A second textile material G2 is a ripstop fabric in plain weave (ripstop plain weave fabric). Textile material G2 has no floats or is free of floats (i.e., the second textile material G2 is free of floats extending in the warp direction over or spanning at least two weft threads). In addition to single warp threads and single weft threads, the second textile material G2 also has double warp threads and double weft threads. The second textile material G2 has a warp thread count of approximately 30 threads / cm and a weft thread count of approximately 26 threads / cm. The basis weight of the second textile material G2 is 91.6 g / m². 2The second textile material G2, in the form of ripstop fabric in plain weave, has a tear strength in the warp direction (tear strength warp) of 39.6 N and a tear strength in the weft direction (tear strength weft) of 42.1 N with regard to tear resistance.

[0406] (iii) A third textile material G3 is a ripstop twill weave. Textile material G3 features floats, specifically floats extending over or spanning two weft threads in the warp direction. In addition to single warp threads and single weft threads, textile material G3 also features double warp threads and double weft threads. Textile material G3 has a warp thread count of approximately 30 threads / cm and a weft thread count of approximately 27 threads / cm. The basis weight of textile material G3 is 87.6 g / m². 2The third textile material G3, in the form of ripstop fabric in twill weave, has a tear strength in the warp direction (tear strength warp) of 50.5 N and a tear strength in the weft direction (tear strength weft) of 64.6 N.

[0407] The above explanations show that the third textile material, G3, and the second textile material, G2, exhibit improved tear resistance compared to the first textile material, a simple plain weave. The third textile material, G3, shows further improvements compared to the second textile material, G2. Overall, the third textile material, G3, a twill ripstop fabric (i.e., with the aforementioned floats and double warp and weft threads, in addition to single or single warp and weft threads, respectively), demonstrates the greatest improvement in tear resistance, both in the warp and weft directions. The targeted combination of the floats, as previously mentioned, and double warp and weft threads results in the greatest improvement in tear resistance.The double insertion of weft threads in the same material synergistically leads to a significant increase in tear resistance and the underlying tear force. In particular, without limiting ourselves to or relying on this theory, an effective bundling of the underlying threads can be observed in such a fabric under tearing stress. This, in conjunction with the further reinforcement of the fabric by the double or double-inserted warp threads or the double or double-inserted weft threads, leads to the mechanical strengthening of the fabric. In this way, tearing can be effectively halted or prevented in the tear area or tear triangle, even under high stress.

[0408] In particular, the third textile material, G3, due to its special construction as a ripstop twill weave, exhibits high yarn mobility thanks to its floating threads. This results in effective bundling in the tear area or tear triangle, leading to higher yarn tensile strength. This is further enhanced by the double or double layer of threads. Overall, G3 displays the best tear resistance as a measure of mechanical stability, especially under tearing stress, even compared to material G2. The special construction of G3 thus provides a more tear-resistant product overall.The material in question also exhibits excellent other textile-physical properties, particularly with regard to providing high dimensional stability, high tensile strength, and high air permeability at an overall low basis weight. b) Textile-physical properties of multilayer protective filter materials.

[0409] This document describes the textile-physical properties of various multi-layered protective filter materials, which are manufactured on the basis of the textile materials listed in section a as the respective carrier layers.

[0410] Furthermore, for the protective filter materials, an adsorption material in the form of spherical activated carbon is used for the respective protective layer, in particular with a mean particle diameter of about 0.3 mm and with an area-related application quantity of about 80 g / m². 2The adsorbent particles are bonded to the carrier layer, which is the respective fabric, using a reactive hot-melt polyurethane (PUR) adhesive (one-component adhesive). The adhesive is applied at a rate of approximately 33 g / m² per unit area. 2 The coating is applied in a defined dot pattern using a CC stencil. On the side of the protective layer opposite the carrier layer, a thin nonwoven fabric layer based on polyamide, with a basis weight of 25 g / m², is applied using a dot-pattern adhesive for the respective protective filter materials. 2 The resulting multi-layered protective filter materials are further characterized with regard to their textile-physical properties in relation to tear resistance.

[0411] (i) A first protective filter material S1 (comparison) is based on the use of the previously described textile material G1 (plain weave fabric without floats and without multiple warp threads or without multiple weft threads) as a carrier layer. The first protective filter material S1 based on G1 as a carrier layer exhibits tear strength values ​​of 12.9 N and 14.1 N, respectively.

[0412] (ii) Furthermore, a second protective filter material S2 (according to the invention) is characterized with regard to its tear strength. The second protective filter material S2 is based on the second textile material G2 (ripstop fabric in plain weave, i.e., without floats and with double warp threads or double weft threads) used as a carrier layer. With regard to tear strength, the protective filter material S2 exhibits corresponding values ​​for tear force of 24.7 N and 34.1 N, respectively. (iii) A third protective filter material S3 (according to the invention) is based on the use of a third textile material G3 (namely, in the form of a ripstop fabric in twill weave, i.e., with floats as described above and with double warp threads or double weft threads) as a carrier layer. With regard to tear strength, corresponding values ​​for tear force of 40.6 N and 54.4 N are determined.For a further material sample, values ​​for the tear strength of 38.7 N and 58.6 N respectively are determined.

[0413] The above explanations show that the protective filter material S3 according to the invention, with its special carrier layer in the form of a twill ripstop fabric, and the protective filter material S2 according to the invention each exhibit higher tear resistance than the protective filter material S1, with the protective filter material S3 being significantly improved compared to the protective filter material S2. Within the scope of the present invention, a significant increase in tear resistance is thus made possible by using a very specially designed fabric as a carrier layer, and this is achieved in a multi-layered design with an adhesive bond. Furthermore, for the protective filter material S3, the special adhesive application results in only minor changes in tear resistance, which is also true to some extent for material S2.In particular, the special combination of a twill weave ripstop fabric with the defined discontinuous or dot-grid adhesive application, as implemented in S3, leads to very high values ​​regarding tear resistance even after bonding.

[0414] In particular, it can also be the case, without intending to rely on or limit ourselves to this theory, that in fabric formation according to S3, the use of floats results in fewer critical areas or that these areas are bonded, which is associated with high yarn mobility and tear resistance even after bonding or formation of the laminate. c) Further properties of the protective filter materials

[0415] Furthermore, the protective function against harmful substances, particularly chemical warfare agents, of the aforementioned protective filter materials S1 to S3 is characterized based on method 2.2 of CRDEC-SP-84010 and with regard to bis[2-chloroethyl]sulfide (mustard gas, HD). The relevant properties are determined before and after exposure to a forceful tearing stress. Before tearing stress, all protective filter materials S1 to S3 exhibit standard-compliant protective properties (barrier effect less than 4 pg / cm²). 2per 24 h). Subsequently, corresponding material sections or samples of the protective filter materials S1 to S3 are subjected to a tear stress test, whereby the samples are first provided with a defined incision. A force of approximately 10 N is applied for a defined period. The material sections or samples of the protective filter materials S1 to S3 thus stressed are then examined with regard to their protective function against pollutants and toxins, as described above, specifically for the area below the originally made incision. In this context, a value of 6.9 pg / cm² is determined for the protective filter material S1. 2 Determined per 24 hours. The S2 protective filter material has a corresponding value of 2.8 pg / cm². 2 per 24 hours. For the protective filter material S3, the value is 0.8 pg / cm². 2per 24 hours. The values ​​illustrate that, as previously mentioned, the S1 protective filter material already shows significant damage in the area below the cut after applying force, resulting in a higher penetration of the pollutant or toxin. The S2 and S3 protective filter materials show considerably lower values ​​in this regard, with the S3 material exhibiting the best results.

[0416] Overall, the present invention provides, in light of the above considerations, high-performance protective filter materials that exhibit high mechanical stability even under or after high force stress. In this context, they also offer excellent protection against harmful and toxic substances and possess outstanding application properties, for example, with regard to processing into protective clothing or filters or filter systems. Furthermore, they provide high air permeability and good drapability of the material, combined with a low basis weight and good tactile properties. Reference numeral list

[0417] 1 ABC protective filter material

[0418] 2 Multi-layered (multi-layered) structure of the protective filter material

[0419] 3 Carrier layer

[0420] 3a first side (“functional side”) of the carrier layer

[0421] 3b second side of the carrier layer

[0422] 3c tissue

[0423] 3D warp threads

[0424] 3 weft threads

[0425] 3f floats in warp direction

[0426] 3g floats in the direction of fire

[0427] 3h multiple, especially double, (thread) draw-in of the warp threads

[0428] 3i multiple, especially double, (thread) draw-in of the weft threads

[0429] 4. Adhesive ("first adhesive")

[0430] 5 protective layer

[0431] 5a first side of the protective layer

[0432] 5b second side of the protective layer

[0433] 5c Adsorber particles

[0434] 5d fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material

[0435] 5e Particle and / or aerosol filter layer (particle and / or aerosol filter)

[0436] 6 Cover layer

[0437] 7 Adhesive ("second adhesive")

[0438] 8 Adhesive ("third adhesive")

[0439] 9 Outer layer

Claims

Patent claims:

1. ABC protective filter material (1) (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) with high and / or improved tear resistance, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material (1) with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved tear resistance, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multilayered structure (2), in particular from several interconnected layers (3, 4, 5), preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) comprises,in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and, where applicable, (iii):, (i) a textile carrier layer (3) with two opposite sides (3a, 3b), wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a) is coated and / or provided with an adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) preferably applied discontinuously and / or wherein an adhesive (4) preferably applied discontinuously is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a), (ii) a protective layer (5) with two opposite sides (5a, 5b) and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer (5) is connected via one of its two sides (5a) by means of the adhesive (4) to the textile carrier layer (3), in particular to the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) that is coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer (6), wherein the cover layer (6) is connected to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive (7) applied preferably discontinuously to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3) ("second adhesive"); characterized in that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a woven fabric (3c) with a plurality of warp threads (3d) and with a plurality of weft threads (3e);wherein the fabric (3c) has floats (3f, 3g) in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in both the warp and weft directions, and / or wherein at least a part of the warp threads (3d) and / or the weft threads (3e), preferably at least a part of the warp threads (3d) and the weft threads (3e), is designed to be floating, in particular wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads (3e) and / or span these each, and / or in particular wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads (3d) and / or span these each;and / or, preferably, wherein a portion of the warp threads (3d) is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a portion of the weft threads (3e) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a portion of the warp threads (3d) is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and a portion of the weft threads (3e) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double).

2. Protective filter material according to claim 1, wherein a part, in particular the other part, of the warp threads (3d) is simply (individually) drawn in and / or a part, in particular the other part, of the weft threads (3e) is simply (individually) inserted.

3. Protective filter material according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the floats (3f, 3g) are configured such that, under the influence of a forceful (continued) tearing stress, threads (3d, 3e) arranged at least substantially parallel and / or in a common direction, in particular in the warp direction or in the weft direction, preferably adjacent to one another, are at least partially and / or at least sectionally pushed together and / or bundled; and / or wherein the floats (3f, 3g) are configured such that, after the influence of a forceful (continued) tearing stress, threads (3d, 3e) arranged at least substantially parallel and / or in a common direction, in particular in the warp direction or in the weft direction, preferably adjacent to one another, are at least partially and / or at least sectionally pushed together and / or bundled and / or are present in a pushed-together and / or bundled arrangement.

4. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3f) are formed in the warp direction such that, under the influence of a forceful (continued) tearing stress, preferably adjacent warp threads (3d) are at least partially and / or at least sectionally pushed together and / or bundled; and / or wherein the floats (3f) are formed in the warp direction such that, under the influence of a forceful (continued) tearing stress, preferably adjacent warp threads (3d) are at least partially and / or at least sectionally pushed together and / or bundled and / or are present in a pushed-together and / or bundled arrangement.

5. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3g) are formed in the weft direction such that, under the influence of a forceful (continued) tearing stress, preferably adjacent weft threads (3e) are at least partially and / or at least sectionally pushed together and / or bundled; and / or wherein the floats (3g) are formed in the weft direction such that, under the influence of a forceful (further) tearing stress, preferably adjacent weft threads (3e) are at least partially and / or at least sectionally pushed together and / or bundled and / or are present in a pushed together and / or bundled arrangement.

6. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction and / or the floating warp threads (3d), in particular in the warp thread system, are arranged at least substantially parallel to each other and / or are arranged at least substantially parallel to the non-floating warp threads (3d) that may be present; and / or wherein the floats (3f) in the weft direction and / or the floating weft threads (3e), in particular in the weft thread system, are arranged at least substantially parallel to each other and / or are arranged at least substantially parallel to the non-floating weft threads (3e) that may be present.

7. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction and / or the floating warp threads (3d), in particular in the warp thread system, are arranged at least substantially perpendicular to the floats in the weft direction and / or at least substantially perpendicular to the floating weft threads (3e) and / or are arranged at least substantially perpendicular to any non-floating weft threads (3e) that may be present; and / or wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction and / or the floating weft threads (3e), in particular in the weft thread system, are arranged at least substantially perpendicular to the floats in the warp direction and / or at least substantially perpendicular to the floating warp threads (3d) and / or at least are arranged essentially perpendicular to any non-floating warp threads (3d) that may be present.

8. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3f) along a respective warp thread path are formed by (exactly) one warp thread (3d), preferably by a simply (single) inserted warp thread (3d); and / or wherein the floats (3g) along a respective weft thread path are formed by (exactly) one weft thread (3e), preferably by a simply (single) inserted weft thread (3e).

9. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3f) extend in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each over at least two weft threads (3e), preferably over (exactly) two weft threads (3e), and / or span these; and / or wherein the floats (3f) extend in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each over at most five weft threads (3e), in particular over at most four weft threads (3e), preferably over at most three weft threads (3e), preferably over at most two weft threads (3e), and / or span these; and / or wherein the floats (3f) extend in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each over two to five weft threads (3e), in particular two to four weft threads (3e), and / or span these;and / or wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each extend over (exactly) two weft threads (3e) and / or each span over them.; 10. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each have at least two (successive) thread lifts (warp lifts), preferably (exactly) two (successive) thread lifts (warp lifts); and / or wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each have at most five (successive) thread lifts (warp lifts), in particular at most four (successive) thread lifts (warp lifts), preferably at most three (successive) thread lifts (warp lifts), preferably at most two (successive) thread lifts (warp lifts); and / or wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each have two to five (successive) thread lifts (warp lifts), in particular two to four (successive) thread lifts (warp lifts); and / or wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each have (exactly) two (successive) thread lifts (warp lifts).

11. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3f) are arranged in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, in a respective warp thread (3d) in a directly successive manner, in particular wherein the floats (3f) in a respective warp thread (3d) are each terminated and / or enclosed at the end by at least one thread depression (warp depression), in particular (exactly) one thread depression (warp depression).

12. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a part of the warp threads (3d), preferably along the respective warp thread path and / or with respect to the respective warp thread extension, is formed at least substantially continuously and / or at least substantially completely floating; and / or wherein the floats (3f) are present and / or arranged at least substantially along the entire warp thread path and / or at least substantially along the entire warp thread extension of the respective warp threads (3d).

13. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a part of the warp threads (3d), preferably along the respective warp thread path and / or with respect to the respective warp thread extension, has at least one float (3f), in particular at least two floats (3f), preferably a plurality of floats (3f), with respect to the weave repeat of the fabric (3c) and / or with respect to a single warp thread (3d) having the floats (3f); and / or wherein at least a part of the warp threads (3d), preferably along the respective warp thread path and / or with respect to the respective warp thread extension, has a number of floats (3f) in the range of 2 to 50, in particular in the range of 2 to 40, preferably in the range of 3 to 30, preferably in the range of 4 to 20, with respect to the binding repeat of the fabric (3c) and / or with respect to a single warp thread (3d) having the floats (3f).

14. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system, each extend over at least two warp threads (3d), preferably over (exactly) two warp threads (3d), and / or each span over them; and / or wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system, each extend over at most five warp threads (3d), in particular over at most four warp threads (3d), preferably over at most three warp threads (3d), preferably over at most two warp threads (3d), and / or each span over them; and / or wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system, each extend over two to five warp threads (3d), in particular over two to four warp threads (3d), and / or each span over them;and / or wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system, each extend over (exactly) two warp threads (3d) and / or each span over them.; 15. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction, in particular in the weft yarn system, each have at least two (successive) yarn depressions, preferably (exactly) two (successive) yarn depressions; and / or wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction, in particular in the weft yarn system, each have at most five (successive) Thread sinkers, in particular at most four (consecutive) thread sinkers, preferably at most three (consecutive) thread sinkers, preferably at most two (consecutive) exhibit thread sinkages; and / or wherein the floats (3g) are in the weft direction, particularly in the Weft thread system, two to five (consecutive) threads each have thread sinks, in particular two to four (successive) thread sinks; and / or wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system, each have (exactly) two (successive) thread sinks.

16. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3g) are arranged in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system, in a respective weft thread (3e) in a directly successive manner, in particular wherein the floats (3g) in a respective weft thread (3e) are each terminated and / or enclosed at the end by at least one thread lift, in particular (exactly) one thread lift.

17. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a portion of the weft threads (3e), preferably along the respective weft thread path and / or with respect to the respective weft thread extension, is each formed at least substantially continuously and / or at least substantially completely floating; and / or wherein the floats (3g) are present and / or arranged at least substantially along the entire weft thread path and / or at least substantially along the entire weft thread extension of the respective weft threads (3e).

18. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a portion of the weft threads (3e), preferably along the respective weft thread path and / or with respect to the respective weft thread extension, has at least one float (3g), in particular at least two floats (3g), preferably a plurality of floats (3g), with respect to the weave repeat of the fabric (3c) and / or with respect to a weft thread (3e) having the floats (3g); and / or wherein at least a portion of the weft threads (3e), preferably along the respective weft thread path and / or with respect to the respective weft thread extension, has a number of floats (3g) in the range of 2 to 50, in particular in the range of 2 to 40, preferably in the range of 3 to 30, more preferably in the range of 4 to 20, with respect to the weave repeat of the fabric (3c) and / or with respect to a weft thread (3e) having the floats (3g).

19. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least every tenth, in particular at least every fifth, preferably every third, preferably every second, particularly preferably every, warp thread (3d), preferably simply (single) inserted warp thread (3d), in particular in the warp thread system, is designed to float and / or has floats (3f), in particular as defined above; and / or, preferably, wherein at least every tenth, in particular at least every fifth, preferably every third, preferably every second, particularly preferably every, weft thread (3e), preferably simply (single) inserted weft thread (3e), in particular in the weft thread system, is designed to float and / or has floats (3g), in particular as defined above.

20. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each warp thread (3d), in particular in the warp thread system, is designed to float and / or has floats (3f) and / or wherein the warp threads (3d) as a whole and / or all warp threads (3d) are designed to float and / or have floats (3f) and / or wherein 100% of the warp threads (3d), in particular in the warp thread system and in relation to the total number of warp threads (3d), are designed to float and / or have floats (3f), in particular as defined above;and / or, preferably, wherein each weft thread (3e), in particular in the weft thread system, is designed to be floating and / or has floats (3g) and / or wherein the weft threads (3e) as a whole and / or all weft threads (3e) are designed to be floating and / or have floats (3g) and / or wherein 100% of the weft threads (3e), in particular in the weft thread system and in relation to the total number of warp threads (3d), are designed to be floating and / or have floats (3g), in particular as defined above; 21. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fabric (3c) has a burr formation (burr) and / or burr-shaped (thread) arrangement at least in sections and / or areas, in particular in the sections and / or areas formed by simply (single) inserted warp threads (3d) and / or by simply (single) inserted weft threads (3e).

22. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the respective float paths and / or sequences of adjacent warp threads (3d), in particular of adjacent simply (single) inserted warp threads (3d), are preferably offset and / or displaced from one another along the respective warp thread paths and / or with respect to the warp direction, in particular by at least one weft (thread) row and / or weft (thread) position, in particular such that a burr formation (burr) and / or a burr-shaped (thread) arrangement is present at least in sections and / or areas in the fabric (3c).

23. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the respective float paths and / or sequences of adjacent weft threads (3e), in particular of adjacent simply (single) inserted weft threads (3e), are preferably offset and / or displaced from one another along the respective weft thread paths and / or with respect to the weft direction, in particular by at least one warp (thread) row and / or warp (thread) position, in particular such that a burr formation (burr) and / or burr-shaped (thread) arrangement is present at least in sections and / or areas in the fabric (3c).

24. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein (also) the multiple, in particular double, warp threads (3d) (warp threads 3d with multiple, in particular double, (thread) insertion 3h) and / or, preferably, (also) the multiple, in particular double, weft threads (3e) (weft threads 3e with multiple, in particular double, (thread-J insertion 3i) each have floats (3f, 3g) and / or are each designed to be floating.

25. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein (also) the multiple, in particular double, warp threads (3d) each have floats (3f) and / or are each designed to float; and / or wherein within a group of adjacent warp threads (3d) multiple, in particular double, warp threads (3d) each have an identical (overall) float pattern and / or an identical float sequence and / or design, in particular the same sequence of thread lifts (warp lifts) and / or thread lowerings (warp lowerings), preferably along the respective warp thread paths and / or with respect to the respective warp thread extensions.

26. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein (also) the multiple, in particular double, weft threads (3e) each have floats (3g) and / or are each designed to float, in particular as defined above; and / or wherein within a group of adjacent weft threads (3e) the multiple, in particular double, weft threads (3e) each have an identical (overall) float pattern and / or an identical float sequence and / or design, in particular the same sequence of thread lifts and / or thread lowerings, preferably along the respective weft thread paths and / or with respect to the respective weft thread extensions.

27. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein within a group of adjacent warp threads (3d), multiple, in particular double, drawn-in warp threads (3d) are arranged along their warp thread paths and / or warp thread extensions and / or are identical and / or aligned with each other with respect to the warp direction; and / or wherein within a group of adjacent warp threads (3d), multiple, in particular double, drawn-in warp threads (3d) are arranged in a coherent manner with each other; and / or wherein within a group of adjacent warp threads (3d), multiple, in particular double, drawn-in warp threads (3d) are arranged along their warp thread paths and / or warp thread extensions at least substantially completely in contact with each other and / or at least substantially completely abut each other.

28. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein within two or more groups of non-adjacent warp threads (3d), multiple, in particular double, warp threads (3d) are spaced apart and / or separated in the fabric (3c), in particular in the warp thread system; in particular wherein the spacing and / or separation is achieved by at least one single warp thread (3d), in particular by a plurality of simply (single) inserted warp threads (3d) is made and / or provided, in particular wherein the corresponding simply (single) inserted warp threads (3d) are arranged in the fabric (3c), in particular in the warp thread system, in particular each side by side between the multiple, in particular double, inserted warp threads (3d) and the multiple, in particular double, inserted warp threads (3d) adjacent thereto; and / or in particular wherein the spacing and / or separation is made and / or provided by 1 to 50, in particular 2 to 30, preferably 3 to 25, preferably 5 to 20, particularly preferably 7 to 15, simply (single) inserted warp threads (3d).

29. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein within a group of adjacent weft threads (3e), multiple, in particular double, weft threads (3e) are arranged along their weft thread paths and / or weft thread extensions and / or with respect to the weft direction identically and / or in the same direction to each other; and / or wherein within a group of adjacent weft threads (3e), multiple, in particular double, weft threads (3e) are arranged in the same way to each other; and / or wherein within a group of adjacent weft threads (3e), multiple, in particular double, weft threads (3e) are arranged along their warp thread paths and / or weft thread extensions at least substantially completely in contact with each other and / or at least substantially completely abut each other.

30. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein within two or more groups of non-adjacent weft threads (3e), multiple, in particular double, weft threads (3e) are spaced apart and / or separated from adjacent multiple, in particular double, weft threads (3e) in the fabric (3c), in particular in the weft thread system; in particular wherein the spacing and / or separation is effected and / or provided by at least one individually inserted weft thread (3e), in particular by a plurality of simply (single) inserted weft threads (3e), in particular wherein the respective individually inserted weft threads (3e) are arranged in the fabric (3c), in particular in the weft thread system, in particular each side by side between the multiple, in particular double, inserted weft threads (3e) and the multiple, in particular double, inserted weft threads (3e) adjacent thereto; and / or in particular wherein the spacing and / or separation is effected and / or provided by 1 to 50, in particular 2 to 30, preferably 3 to 25, preferably 5 to 20, particularly preferably 7 to 15, simply (single) inserted weft threads (3e).

31. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the multiple, in particular double, warp threads (3d) and the remaining warp threads (3d), in particular the single, single warp threads (3d), have at least substantially identical and / or at least substantially equal densities (fineness or thickness) and / or thread diameters compared to each other; and / or, preferably, wherein the multiple, in particular double, inserted weft threads (3e) and the remaining weft threads (3e), in particular the single, single weft threads (3e), have at least substantially identical and / or at least substantially equal densities (fineness or thickness) and / or thread diameters compared to each other.

32. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the warp threads (3d) and weft threads (3e) forming the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), in particular the warp thread system and the weft thread system, have at least substantially identical and / or at least substantially equal titers (fineness or thickness) compared to each other.

33. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), is a twill weave; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), has a has a warp twill weave and / or a weft twill weave, preferably a warp twill and weft twill weave; and / or 34. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), in particular sectionally and / or regionally, has a ripstop weave, in particular based on the multiple, in particular double, warp threads (3d) and / or, preferably, the multiple, in particular double, weft threads (3e); and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), is designed as a ripstop fabric in a twill weave; in particular wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), is designed as a K2 / 1 ripstop, K3 / 1 ripstop, K4 / 1 ripstop, K2 / 2 ripstop or K3 / 2 ripstop; in particular K2 / 1 ripstop, K3 / 1 ripstop or K4 / 1 ripstop; preferably as K2 / 1 ripstop or K3 / 1 ripstop, preferably K2 / 1 ripstop; is designed;and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), is designed as a ripstop fabric in warp twill weave and / or as a ripstop fabric in weft twill weave, preferably as a ripstop fabric in warp and weft twill weave.; 35. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), comprises or preferably consists of at least one multi-component yarn (multi-component fiber), in particular at least one sheath / core yarn, preferably at least one sheath / core yarn with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material and at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular at least substantially non-stretchable and / or non-elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably polyester (PES), as core material; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), comprises or preferably consists of at least one sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn).

36. Protective filter material according to claim 35, wherein the warp threads (3d) and / or the weft threads (3e), preferably the warp threads (3d) and the weft threads (3e), preferably all warp threads (3d) and all weft threads (3e), are each formed by and / or comprise the sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn); and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), is formed exclusively by the at least one sheath / core yarn, in particular sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn);and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), in addition to the sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), does not comprise any other yarn and / or fiber different from the above.

37. Protective filter material according to claim 35 or 36, wherein the sheath / core yarn has a weight ratio of sheath material to core material, in particular of natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO) (as sheath material), to synthetic fiber material, preferably polyester (PES), as core material, in the range of (30 to 80) : (70 to 20), in particular in the range of (45 to 70) : (55 to 30), preferably in the range of (55 to 65) : (45 to 35); and / or wherein the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn) has a weight ratio of sheath material to core material (CO / PES weight ratio) in the range of (30 to 80) : (70 to 20), in particular in the range of (45 to 70) : (55 to 30), preferably in the range of (55 to 65) : (45 to 35); and / or wherein the sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), is designed as a single yarn; and / or wherein the sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), has a titer (fineness or thickness) in the range of 30 dtex to 150 dtex, in particular in the range of 45 dtex to 130 dtex, preferably in the range of 60 dtex to 110 dtex; and / or wherein the core (core fiber) of the sheath / core yarn, in particular the core (core fiber) of the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), has a titer (fineness or thickness) in the range of 25 dtex to 125 dtex, in particular in the range of 40 dtex to 110 dtex, preferably in the range of 50 dtex to 100 dtex;and / or wherein the sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), has a maximum tensile strength, preferably fineness-related maximum tensile strength, of at least 50 cN / tex, in particular at least 60 cN / tex, preferably at least 70 cN / tex, preferably at least 80 cN / tex, particularly preferably at least 90 cN / tex; and / or wherein the sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), has a maximum tensile strength, preferably fineness-related maximum tensile strength, in the range of 50 cN / tex to 500 cN / tex, in particular in the range of 60 cN / tex to 400 cN / tex, preferably in the range of 70 cN / tex to 300 cN / tex, preferably in the range of 80 cN / tex to 250 cN / tex, particularly preferably in the range of 90 cN / tex to 250 cN / tex;and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), comprises or consists of a single and / or uniform type of sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as the sheath material and polyester (PES) as the core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), preferably with a uniform structure of the sheath and / or the core and / or with a uniform titer.

38. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has a number of warp threads and / or warp thread density in the range of 10 warp threads / cm to 50 warp threads / cm, in particular in the range of 15 warp threads / cm to 45 warp threads / cm, preferably in the range of 20 warp threads / cm to 40 warp threads / cm, preferably in the range of 25 warp threads / cm to 35 warp threads / cm; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has a weft thread count and / or weft thread density in the range of 5 weft threads / cm to 45 weft threads / cm, in particular in the range of 10 weft threads / cm to 40 weft threads / cm, preferably in the range of 15 weft threads / cm to 35 weft threads / cm, preferably in the range of 20 weft threads / cm to 30 weft threads / cm.

39. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has a (further) tear strength, in particular (further) tear force, in particular in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, of at least 25 N, in particular at least 30 N, preferably at least 40 N, preferably at least 50 N; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has a (further) tear strength, in particular (further) tear force, in particular in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, in the range of 25 N to 500 N, in particular in the range of 30 N to 400 N, preferably in the range of 40 N to 300 N, preferably in the range of 50 N to 200 N.

40. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has a maximum tensile strength (maximum tensile force), in particular in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, of at least 150 N, in particular at least 250 N, preferably at least 350 N, preferably at least 400 N; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has a maximum tensile strength (maximum tensile force), in particular in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, in the range of 150 N to 1,200 N, in particular in the range of 250 N to 1,100 N, preferably in the range of 350 N to 1,000 N, preferably in the range of 400 N to 950 N.

41. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is finished and / or has a finish, in particular wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has been subjected to a finishing treatment; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is colored, in particular using at least one reactive dye and / or at least one disperse dye, in particular at least one reactive dye and at least one disperse dye; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is surface-treated, in particular by means of at least one polyolefin, preferably polyethylene, in particular using at least one polyolefin dispersion, preferably polyethylene dispersion; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is sanforized (shrink-treated).

42. Protective filter material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is pretreated and / or has been subjected to pretreatment, in particular before carrying out the finishing treatment as defined in claim 41; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is singed, in particular wherein the singing is carried out thermally; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is desizing, in particular wherein the desizing is carried out enzymatically and / or using enzymes; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is bleached, in particular wherein the bleaching is carried out using at least one bleaching agent, in particular sodium chlorite and / or hydrogen peroxide; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is lye-treated, in particular wherein the lye treatment has been carried out using at least one alkali, in particular sodium hydroxide.

43. Protective filter material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) covers at most 75% of the surface of the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), and / or the protective layer (5), preferably at most 60% of the surface of the carrier layer (3) and / or the protective layer (5), particularly preferably at most 50% of the surface of the carrier layer (3) and / or the protective layer (5), most particularly preferably at most 40% of the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), and / or the protective layer (5); and / or wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is applied in an amount in the range of 10 g / m². 2 up to 100 g / m² 2 , especially in the range of 15 g / m² 2 up to 75 g / m² 2, preferably in the range of 20 g / m² 2 up to 50 g / m² 2 , is used and / or is present in particular as an adhesive polymer.

44. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is designed and / or applied in such a way that the thread mobility, in particular the thread displacement, preferably in the main extension plane of the carrier layer (3) or of the fabric (3c), in particular under forceful (continued) tearing stress, is at least substantially not impaired and / or restricted.

45. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive (4) ("first adhesive") is configured and / or applied such that at least a portion of the warp threads (3d) is not bonded to adjacent warp threads (3d) at least sectionally, and at least substantially so, in particular wherein the proportion of the unbonded warp threads (3d) is at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, and preferably at least 30%, based on the total number of warp threads (3d); and / or wherein the adhesive (4) ("first adhesive") is configured and / or applied such that at least a portion of the weft threads (3e .... adjacent weft threads (3e) are at least partially, at least substantially, not bonded, in particular wherein the portion of the unbonded weft threads (3e) is at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, based on the total number of weft threads (3e); and / or wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is formed and / or applied such that at least a portion of the floats (3f) of the warp threads (3d) is at least substantially not bonded to adjacent warp threads (3d) or overlaid weft threads (3e), in particular wherein the portion of the unbonded floats (3f) is at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, based on the total number of floats (3f);and / or wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is formed and / or applied such that at least a part of the floats (3g) of the weft threads (3e) is at least substantially not bonded to adjacent weft threads (3e) or overstretched warp threads (3d), in particular wherein the part of the unbonded floats (3g) is at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, based on the total number of floats (3g).

46. ​​Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a part of the binding and / or crossing points of warp threads (3d) and weft threads (3e) is free of adhesive (4) and / or is not coated with adhesive (4) or is at most provided with adhesive, with the proviso that the warp threads (3d) and weft threads (3e) are at least substantially not bonded to each other at the binding and / or crossing points; in particular wherein at least 20%, in particular at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 50% of the binding and / or crossing points, based on the total number of binding and / or crossing points in the carrier layer (3), in particular fabric (3c), are free of adhesive (4) or are coated with adhesive (4), provided that the warp threads (3d) and weft threads (3e) are at least substantially not bonded to each other in the binding and / or crossing points.

47. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive (4) ("first adhesive") is formed and / or applied in a dot-like pattern and / or discontinuously dot-like pattern and / or in a non-continuous pattern and / or in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably with at least substantially circular cross-section; and / or wherein the adhesive (4) ("first adhesive") is in the form of, in particular, non-continuous adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably non-continuous and / or spaced apart and / or non-contacting adhesive (polymer) dots; and / or wherein the adhesive (4) ("first adhesive") is in the form of a grid, in particular a regular grid, with a plurality of spaced-apart adhesive (polymer) dots;and / or wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is electronically calculated and / or controlled and / or applied by computer; and / or wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is applied by means of a stencil, in particular with a predetermined hole pattern and / or (hole) grid.; 48. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive (4) ("first adhesive") is in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots and / or is formed, in particular wherein the diameter, in particular cross-sectional diameter parallel to the main extension plane of the carrier layer (3) or the fabric (3c), of a respective adhesive (polymer) dot is at most as large as, preferably smaller than, the diameter (thread or yarn diameter) of the warp thread (3d) or weft thread (3e) carrying and / or having the respective adhesive (polymer) dot; and / or in particular wherein a respective adhesive (polymer) dot, with respect to the perpendicular top view of the main extension plane of the carrier layer (3) or the fabric (3c), does not extend at least substantially over the the longitudinal extent of the warp thread (3d) and / or weft thread (3e) carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) dot, preferably not extending substantially over the diameter (thread or yarn diameter) of the warp thread (3d) and / or weft thread (3e) carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) dot; and / or in particular wherein a respective adhesive (polymer) dot, with respect to the perpendicular top view of the main extension plane of the carrier layer (3) or the fabric (3c), is positioned at least substantially centrally on the respective warp thread (3d) and / or weft thread (3e) carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) dot, preferably at least substantially centrally to the longitudinal axis, in particular axis of rotation, of the respective warp thread (3d) and / or weft thread (3e) carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) dot.

49. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the penetration depth of the adhesive (4) ("first adhesive"), in particular in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots, into the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is at most 50%, in particular at most 40%, preferably at most 30%, preferably at most 20%, based on the thickness, in particular cross-sectional thickness, of the carrier layer (3), in particular of the fabric (3c).

50. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective layer (5) has a (total) basis weight in the range of 5 g / m² 2 up to 600 g / m² 2 , especially in the range of 20 g / m² 2 up to 500 g / m² 2 , preferably in the range of 40 g / m² 2 up to 400 g / m² 2 , preferably in the range of 50 g / m² 2 up to 300 g / m² 2 , particularly preferably in the range of 60 g / m² 2 up to 150 g / m² 2, has; and / or wherein the protective layer (5) is gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and / or water vapor-permeable, preferably gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and water vapor-permeable, preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable.

51. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective layer (5) comprises or consists of adsorber particles (adsorption particles) 5c, in particular a plurality of individual and / or discrete adsorber particles; in particular wherein the adsorber particles (5c) are arranged in a layer and / or form a layer; and / or in particular wherein the adsorber particles (5c) are activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon") or spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon"), preferably in the form of spherical activated carbon particles.

52. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adsorber particles (5c) of the protective layer (5) are selected from the group of (i) in particular particulate activated carbon and / or activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granular activated carbon particles (“granular carbon”) or spherical activated carbon particles (“spherical carbon”); (ii) Zeolites, in particular natural and / or synthetic zeolites; (iii) Molecular sieves, in particular zeolitic molecular sieves, synthetic molecular sieves and / or in particular synthetic molecular sieves based on carbon, oxides and / or glasses; (iv) Metal oxide and / or metal particles; (v) ion exchange resins, in particular polydisperse and / or monodisperse cation and / or anion exchangers, especially of the gel type and / or macroporous type; (vi) inorganic oxides, in particular silicon dioxides, silica gels and / or aluminium oxides; (vii) porous organic polymers and / or porous organic-inorganic hybrid polymers and / or metal-organic framework materials, in particular MOFs (Metal Organic Framework), COFs (Covalent Organic Framework), ZI Fs (Zeolite Imidazolate Framework), POMs (Polymer Organic Material) and / or OFCs; (viii) mineral granules; (ix) Clathrats; as well as (x) mixtures and / or combinations thereof, wherein (i) is particularly preferred.

53. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adsorber particles (5c) of the protective layer (5), in particular the activated carbon particles, have a particle size, in particular a particle diameter, in the range of 0.05 mm to 1.5 mm, in particular in the range of 0.075 mm to 0.75 mm, preferably in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, preferably in the range of 0.125 mm to 0.4 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.15 mm to 0.35 mm, in particular wherein at least 80 wt.%, in particular at least 90 wt.%, preferably at least 95 wt.%, preferably at least 99 wt.%.-%, the adsorber particles (5c), in particular the activated carbon particles, have particle sizes, in particular particle diameters, in the aforementioned ranges; and / or wherein the adsorber particles (5c) of the protective layer (5), in particular the activated carbon particles, have a mean particle size (D50), in particular a mean particle diameter (D50), in the range of 0.06 mm to 1.1 mm, in particular in the range of 0.09 mm to 0.9 mm, preferably in the range of 0.12 mm to 0.7 mm, preferably in the range of 0.15 mm to 0.5 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm.

54. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective layer (5) comprises or consists of at least one fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material (5d), in particular in the form of an adsorptive sheet structure (adsorption sheet structure), preferably in the form of an activated carbon fiber sheet structure; in particular wherein the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material (5d) is in the form of activated carbon fibers and / or activated carbon filaments, preferably in the form of an activated carbon fiber sheet structure; and / or in particular wherein the adsorptive sheet structure (adsorption sheet structure), preferably activated carbon fiber sheet structure, has a thickness, in particular cross-sectional thickness, in the range of 0.001 mm to 5 mm, in particular in the range of 0.005 mm to 3 mm, preferably in the range from 0.01 mm to 2 mm, preferably in the range of 0.02 mm to 1 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.04 mm to 0.75 mm; and / or in particular wherein the adsorptive sheet structure (adsorption sheet structure), preferably activated carbon fiber sheet structure, has an areal weight of 50 to 250 g / m² 2 , especially 50 to 200 g / m² 2 , preferably 80 to 180 g / m² 2 , especially preferably 90 to 150 g / m² 2 , exhibits; and / or in particular wherein the adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure), preferably activated carbon fiber surface structure, is a woven, knitted, crocheted, non-woven, nonwoven or textile composite, preferably woven, in particular made of activated carbon fibers. Activated carbon fibers of the adsorptive sheet structure (adsorption sheet structure), preferably activated carbon fiber sheet structure, consist of carbonized and activated cellulose or viscose and / or of carbonized or activated polyacrylonitrile, preferably of carbonized and activated polyacrylonitrile.

55. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective layer (5) comprises or consists of at least one particle and / or aerosol filter layer (particle and / or aerosol filter) (5e); in particular, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) has a thickness, in particular cross-sectional thickness, in the range of 0.001 mm to 5 mm, in particular in the range of 0.005 mm to 3 mm, preferably in the range of 0.01 mm to 2 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.02 mm to 1 mm, and most preferably in the range of 0.04 mm to 0.75 mm; and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) has a (total) surface weight in the range of 0.5 g / m² to 200 g / m², 2 2 in particular in the range of 0.8 g / m² to 150 g / m², preferably in the range 2 2 of 1 g / m² to 100 g / m².

56. Protective filter material according to claim 55, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) comprises or consists of textile fibers selected from the group consisting of polyurethane fibers, polyester fibers, polyolefin fibers and polyamide fibers, and mixtures and combinations thereof, in particular polyurethane fibers; and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) is a textile fabric, in particular a non-woven fabric or textile composite, preferably a nonwoven, formed on the basis of and / or from textile fibers, in particular synthetic textile fibers, preferably polyurethane fibers, and / or comprising the aforementioned textile fibers, with a plurality of pores or meshes, in particular pores, defined and / or formed by the textile fibers;and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) has a mean pore size or mean mesh size, in particular mean pore size, in the range of 0.05 pm to 100 pm, in particular in the range of 0.1 pm to 50 pm, preferably in the range of 0.2 pm to 20 pm, more preferably in the range of 0.3 pm to 10 pm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.4 pm to 5 pm, further preferably in the range of 0.5 pm to 3 pm, in particular determined according to ASTM F316-86; and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) has a maximum pore size or maximum mesh size, in particular maximum pore size, of up to 200 pm, in particular of up to 100 pm, more preferably of up to 50 pm, more preferably of at most 20 pm, more preferably of up to 10 pm, further preferably of up to 4 pm;and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) is configured as a HEPA (High Efficiency Penetration or Particulate Air) or ULPA (Ultra Low Penetration or Particulate Air) filter; and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) is connected to the adsorber particles (5c) and / or the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material (5d) by means of an adhesive (8) ("third adhesive"), in particular permanently and / or firmly bonded, preferably glued.

57. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective layer (5) comprises or consists of at least one particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e), ​​in particular as defined above, in combination with adsorber particles (5c), in particular layered adsorber particles (5c) and / or layer-forming adsorber particles (5c), in particular as defined above; in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) forms a composite, preferably a solid composite, and / or a laminate with the adsorber particles (5c), in particular the layered adsorber particles (5c) and / or the layer-forming adsorber particles (5c); and / or in particular wherein the adsorber particles (5c) are arranged and / or fixed on the carrier layer (3), in particular on the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) coated with adhesive (4), in particular by means of the adhesive (4);and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) is arranged and / or fixed on the side of the adsorber particles (5c), in particular the layered adsorber particles (5c) and / or the layer-forming adsorber particles (5c), facing away from the carrier layer (3), in particular the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) coated with adhesive (4); and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) is arranged in the wear or application state on the side of the protective layer (5) facing a pollutant source, in particular on the side of the layered adsorber particles (5c) facing a pollutant source;and / or in particular wherein the adsorber particles (5c), in particular the layered adsorber particles (5c) and / or the layer-forming adsorber particles (5c), are arranged in the carrying or application state on the side of the protective layer (5) facing away from a pollutant source, in particular on the side of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) facing away from a pollutant source.; 58. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective layer (5) comprises or consists of at least one particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e), ​​in particular as defined above, in combination with a fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material (5d), preferably in the form of an adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure or adsorption surface layer), in particular as defined above; in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) forms a composite, preferably a solid composite, and / or a laminate with the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material (5d), preferably in the form of an adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure);and / or in particular wherein the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material (5d), preferably in the form of an adsorptive sheet structure (adsorption sheet structure), is arranged and / or fixed on the support layer (3), in particular on the side (3a) of the support layer (3) coated with adhesive (4), in particular by means of the adhesive (4); and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) is arranged and / or fixed on the side of the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material (5d), preferably in the form of an adsorptive sheet structure (adsorption sheet structure), facing away from the support layer (3), in particular the side (3a) of the support layer (3), coated with adhesive (4);and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) is arranged in the wearing or application state on the side of the protective layer (5) facing a pollutant source, in particular on the side of the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material (5d) facing a pollutant source; and / or in particular wherein the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material (5d), preferably in the form of an adsorptive sheet structure (adsorption sheet structure), is arranged in the wearing or application state on the side of the protective layer (5) facing away from a pollutant source, in particular on the side of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) facing away from a pollutant source.

59. Protective filter material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) in the protective filter material (1) is in the form of an adhesive polymer and / or is configured as such; and / or wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) in the protective filter material (1) is in the form of an air-permeable and water-vapor-permeable and / or preferably discontinuously configured adhesive layer, preferably based on an adhesive polymer; and / or wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) is in an amount in the range of 5 g / m² 2 up to 90 g / m² 2 , especially in the range of 10 g / m² 2 up to 70 g / m² 2 , preferably in the range of 15 g / m² 2 up to 45 g / m² 2, is used and / or is in particular an adhesive polymer; and / or wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) is discontinuously dot-shaped and / or non-continuous and / or in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably with at least substantially circular cross-section, and / or is applied; and / or wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) is in the form of, in particular, non-continuous adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably non-continuous and / or spaced apart and / or non-contacting adhesive (polymer) dots; and / or wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) is in the form of an irregular pattern with a plurality of spaced-apart adhesive (polymer) dots; and / or wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is applied by means of a stencil, in particular with an irregular pattern;and / or wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) is a particularly reactive hot melt adhesive, in particular a moisture-curing and / or radiation-curing adhesive, preferably a moisture-curing hot melt adhesive, preferably a reactive, in particular moisture-curing, polyurethane (PUR) hot melt adhesive, or is based thereon, in particular wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) is a one-component adhesive or is based thereon.

60. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cover layer (6) is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile fabric, in particular as a knitted fabric, woven fabric, non-woven fabric or textile composite material, preferably a non-woven fabric, particularly preferably as a non-woven fabric; and / or wherein the cover layer (6) is a material, in particular a textile fiber material, preferably in the form of and / or as a component of threads and / or yarns, selected from the group consisting of man-made fiber materials and natural fiber materials, preferably man-made fiber materials, in particular selected from the group consisting of cotton (CO); wool; linen; polyesters; polyolefins; polyvinyl chloride; polyvinylidene chloride; acetates; triacetates; aramids, in particular meta- and / or para-amides; optionally modified and / or regenerated celluloses; polyacrylic; polyamide; polyvinyl alcohol; polyurethanes; polyvinyl esters;modified and / or regenerated celluloses, in particular viscose; and mixtures or combinations thereof; preferably polyamide; comprising or consisting thereof; and / or; 2 wherein the covering layer (6) has a basis weight in the range of 5 g / m² to 2 2 2 100 g / m², particularly in the range of 10 g / m² to 80 g / m², preferably 2 2 2 in the range of 15 g / m² to 60 g / m², preferably in the range of 20 g / m² to 2 40 g / m² , has.

61. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective filter material (1) comprises a particularly textile outer layer (9) (outer fabric), in particular wherein the outer layer (9) is or is designed as a gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, textile fabric; and / or in particular wherein the outer layer (9) is designed as a textile knit fabric, preferably as a knitted fabric, or in particular as a woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, or textile composite; and / or wherein the outer layer (9) and / or the cover layer (6), in particular the outer layer (9), is designed to be flame-retardant and / or flame-resistant and / or flame-resistant; and / or wherein the outer layer (9) and / or the cover layer (6), in particular the outer layer (9), is designed to be antistatic; and / or wherein the outer layer (9) and / or the cover layer (6), in particular the outer layer (9), has an oleophobic and / or hydrophobic finish and / or coating.wherein the outer layer (9) and / or the cover layer (6), preferably the outer layer (9), particularly in the case of use of the protective filter material (1) in an ABC protective garment, is arranged in the wearing or application state on the side facing a pollutant source and / or on the side of the protective filter material (1) facing away from a user (wearer) of the ABC protective garment; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), particularly the fabric (3c), particularly in the case of use of the protective filter material (1) in an ABC protective garment, is arranged in the wearing or application state on the side facing away from a pollutant source and / or on the side of the protective filter material (1) facing a user (wearer) of the ABC protective garment.

62. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective filter material (1) has a (total) basis weight (in particular determined as dry weight) in the range of 50 g / m² to 2 2 2 1,000 g / m², especially in the range of 75 g / m² to 750 g / m², 2 2 preferably in the range of 100 g / m² to 500 g / m², preferably in the range 2 2 2 of 120 g / m² to 350 g / m², particularly preferably in the range of 150 g / m² to 300 g / m²; and / or wherein the protective filter material (1) has a thickness, in particular total cross-sectional thickness, in the range of 0.1 mm to 15 mm, particularly in the range of 0.15 mm to 10 mm, preferably in the range of 0.2 mm to 6 mm, preferably in the range of 0.3 mm to 4 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.4 mm to 2 mm.

63. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective filter material (1) has a tear strength, in particular a tear force, of at least 25 N, in particular at least 30 N, preferably at least 40 N, preferably at least 50 N, in particular in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction of the fabric (3c) underlying the protective filter material (1); and / or wherein the protective filter material (1) has a tear strength, in particular a tear force, in the range of 25 N to 500 N, in particular in the range of 30 N to 400 N, preferably in the range of 40 N to 300 N, preferably in the range of 50 N to 200 N, in particular in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction of the fabric (3c) underlying the protective filter material (1).

64. ABC protective filter material (1) (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) with high and / or improved tear resistance, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material (1) with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved tear resistance, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multilayered structure (2), in particular consisting of several interconnected layers (3, 4, 5), preferably in the form of a laminate,the ABC protective filter material (1) comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and, where appropriate, (iii):, (i) a textile carrier layer (3) with two opposite sides (3a, 3b), wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a) is coated and / or provided with an adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) preferably applied discontinuously and / or wherein a an adhesive (4) applied preferably discontinuously is applied to both sides (“functional side”) (3a), (ii) a protective layer (5) with two opposite sides (5a, 5b) and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer (5) is connected via one of its two sides (5a) by means of the adhesive (4) to the textile carrier layer (3), in particular to the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) that is coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer (6), wherein the cover layer (6) is connected to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive (7) applied preferably discontinuously to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3) ("second adhesive"); characterized in that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a woven fabric (3c) with a plurality of warp threads (3d) and with a plurality of weft threads (3e);wherein the fabric (3c) has floats (3f, 3g) in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in both the warp and weft directions, and / or wherein at least a part of the warp threads (3d) and / or the weft threads (3e), preferably at least a part of the warp threads (3d) and the weft threads (3e), is designed to be floating, in particular wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads (3e) and / or span these each, and / or in particular wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads (3d) and / or span these each; and / or, preferably, wherein a portion of the warp threads (3d) is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a portion of the weft threads (3e) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a portion of the warp threads (3d) is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and a portion of the weft threads (3e) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double); and wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), comprises or preferably consists of at least one multi-component yarn (multi-component fiber), in particular at least one sheath / core yarn, preferably at least one sheath / core yarn with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material and at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular at least substantially non-stretchable and / or non-elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably polyester (PES), as core material;and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), comprises or preferably consists of at least one sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as the sheath material and polyester (PES) as the core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn). 65.ABC protective filter material (1) (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) with high and / or improved tear resistance, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material (1) with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved tear resistance, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multi-layered structure (2), in particular from several interconnected layers (3, 4, 5), preferably in the form of a laminate. the ABC protective filter material (1) comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and, where appropriate, (iii): (i) a textile carrier layer (3) with two opposite sides (3a, 3b), wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a) is coated and / or provided with an adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) preferably applied discontinuously and / or wherein an adhesive (4) preferably applied discontinuously is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a), (ii) a protective layer (5) with two opposite sides (5a, 5b) and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer (5) is connected via one of its two sides (5a) by means of the adhesive (4) to the textile carrier layer (3), in particular to the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) that is coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer (6), wherein the cover layer (6) is connected to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive (7) applied preferably discontinuously to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3) ("second adhesive"); characterized in that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a woven fabric (3c) with a plurality of warp threads (3d) and with a plurality of weft threads (3e);wherein the fabric (3c) has floats (3f, 3g) in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in both the warp and weft directions, and / or wherein at least a part of the warp threads (3d) and / or the weft threads (3e), preferably at least a part of the warp threads (3d) and the weft threads (3e), is floating; in particular wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads (3e) and / or each span over them and / or in particular wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads (3d) and / or each span over them; and / or, preferably and, wherein a portion of the warp threads (3d) is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a portion of the weft threads (3e) is entered multiple times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a portion of the warp threads (3d) is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and a portion of the weft threads (3e) is entered multiple times, in particular twice (double);and wherein the warp threads (3d) and weft threads (3e) forming the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), in particular the warp thread system and the weft thread system, have at least substantially identical and / or at least substantially equal titers (fineness or thickness) compared to each other.

66. ABC protective filter material (1) (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) with high and / or improved tear resistance, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material (1) with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved tear resistance, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multilayered structure (2), in particular consisting of several interconnected layers (3, 4, 5), preferably in the form of a laminate,the ABC protective filter material (1) comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and, where appropriate, (iii):, (i) a textile carrier layer (3) with two opposite sides (3a, 3b), wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a) is coated and / or provided with an adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) preferably applied discontinuously and / or wherein an adhesive (4) preferably applied discontinuously is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a), (ii) a protective layer (5) with two opposite sides (5a, 5b) and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer (5) is connected via one of its two sides (5a) by means of the adhesive (4) to the textile carrier layer (3), in particular to the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) that is coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer (6), wherein the cover layer (6) is connected to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive (7) applied preferably discontinuously to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3) ("second adhesive"); characterized in that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a woven fabric (3c) with a plurality of warp threads (3d) and with a plurality of weft threads (3e);wherein the fabric (3c) has floats (3f, 3g) in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in both the warp and weft directions, and / or wherein at least a part of the warp threads (3d) and / or the weft threads (3e), preferably at least a part of the warp threads (3d) and the weft threads (3e), is designed to be floating, in particular wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads (3e) and / or each of these; Spanning and / or, in particular, wherein the floats (3g) extend in the weft direction over at least two warp threads (3d) and / or span these; and / or, preferably, wherein a portion of the warp threads (3d) is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a portion of the weft threads (3e) is entered multiple times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a portion of the warp threads (3d) is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and a portion of the weft threads (3e) is entered multiple times, in particular twice (double);wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), comprises at least one multi-component yarn (multi-component fiber), in particular at least one sheath / core yarn, preferably at least one sheath / core yarn comprising at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as the sheath material and at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular at least substantially non-stretchable and / or non-elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably polyester (PES), as the core material, or preferably consists thereof; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), comprises at least one sheath / core yarn comprising cotton (CO) as the sheath material and polyester (PES) as the core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), or preferably consists thereof;and wherein the warp threads (3d) and weft threads (3e) forming the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), in particular the warp thread system and the weft thread system, have at least substantially identical and / or at least substantially equal titers (fineness or thickness) compared to each other.

67. ABC protective filter material (1) (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) with high and / or improved tear resistance, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material (1) with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved (further) tear strength, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multi-layered structure (2), in particular consisting of several interconnected layers (3, 4, 5), preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii): (i) a textile carrier layer (3) with two opposite sides (3a, 3b), wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a) is coated and / or provided with an adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) preferably applied discontinuously and / or wherein an adhesive (4) preferably applied discontinuously is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a), (ii) a protective layer (5) with two opposite sides (5a, 5b) and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer (5) is connected via one of its two sides (5a) by means of the adhesive (4) to the textile carrier layer (3), in particular to the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) that is coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer (6), wherein the cover layer (6) is connected to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive (7) applied preferably discontinuously to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3) ("second adhesive"); characterized in that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a fabric (3c) with a plurality of warp threads (3d) and with a plurality of weft threads (3e); wherein the fabric (3c) has floats (3f, 3g) in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in both the warp and weft directions, and / or wherein at least a part of the warp threads (3d) and / or the weft threads (3e), preferably at least a part of the warp threads (3d) and the weft threads (3e), is designed to float, in particular wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads (3e) and / or span these each, and / or in particular wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads (3d) and / or span these each;and / or, preferably, wherein a portion of the warp threads (3d) is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a portion of the weft threads (3e) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a portion of the warp threads (3d) is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and a portion of the weft threads (3e) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double); wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), comprises or preferably consists of at least one multi-component yarn (multi-component fiber), in particular at least one sheath / core yarn, preferably at least one sheath / core yarn with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material and at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular at least substantially non-stretchable and / or non-elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably polyester (PES), as core material;and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), comprises or preferably consists of at least one sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn); wherein the warp threads (3d) and weft threads (3e) forming the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), in particular the warp thread system and the weft thread system, have at least substantially identical and / or at least substantially equal titers (fineness or thickness) compared to each other; and wherein the adhesive (4) ("first adhesive") is designed and / or applied in such a way that the thread mobility, in particular the thread displacement, preferably in the main extension plane of the carrier layer (3) or the fabric (3c), in particular under (continued) tearing stress and / or the influence of a force-induced (continued) tearing stress, is at least substantially not impaired and / or at least substantially not restricted.

68. ABC protective filter material (1) (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) with high and / or improved tear resistance, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material (1) with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved tear resistance, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multilayered structure (2), in particular consisting of several interconnected layers (3, 4, 5), preferably in the form of a laminate,the ABC protective filter material (1) comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and, where appropriate, (iii):, (i) a textile carrier layer (3) with two opposite sides (3a, 3b), wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a) is coated and / or provided with an adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) preferably applied discontinuously and / or wherein a an adhesive (4) applied preferably discontinuously is applied to both sides (“functional side”) (3a), (ii) a protective layer (5) with two opposite sides (5a, 5b) and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer (5) is connected via one of its two sides (5a) by means of the adhesive (4) to the textile carrier layer (3), in particular to the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) that is coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer (6), wherein the cover layer (6) is connected to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive (7) applied preferably discontinuously to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3) ("second adhesive"); characterized in that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a woven fabric (3c) with a plurality of warp threads (3d) and with a plurality of weft threads (3e);wherein the fabric (3c) has floats (3f, 3g) in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in both the warp and weft directions, and / or wherein at least a part of the warp threads (3d) and / or the weft threads (3e), preferably at least a part of the warp threads (3d) and the weft threads (3e), is designed to be floating, in particular wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads (3e) and / or span these each, and / or in particular wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads (3d) and / or span these each; and / or, preferably, wherein a portion of the warp threads (3d) is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or is formed with a multiple, in particular twice (double), thickness (fineness or thickness) in relation to the (remaining) warp threads (3d), and / or wherein a portion of the weft threads (3e) is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or is formed with a multiple, in particular twice (double), thickness (fineness or thickness) in relation to the (remaining) weft threads (3e), preferably wherein a portion of the warp threads (3d) is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or is formed with a multiple, in particular twice (double), thickness (fineness or thickness) in relation to the (remaining) warp threads (3d), and wherein a portion of the weft threads (3e) is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or with multiple, especially double, titer (fineness orthickness) in relation to the (remaining) weft threads (3e).

69. Use of floats in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction in a textile carrier layer designed as a woven fabric with a plurality of warp threads and a plurality of weft threads, in particular wherein the floats in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads and / or span these each, and / or preferably, are drawn in by multiple, in particular double, warp threads and / or by multiple, in particular double, weft threads in the textile carrier layer designed as a woven fabric with a plurality of warp threads and a plurality of weft threads, to increase and / or improve the (further) tear strength of an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material) comprising the carrier layer.in particular wherein the ABC protective filter material is used in a textile ABC protective garment, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular to increase and / or improve, the (further) tear resistance of an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material having a carrier layer and protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants.

70. Method for increasing and / or improving the (continued) tear strength of an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material), in particular wherein the ABC protective filter material is used in a textile ABC protective garment, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular for increasing and / or improving the (continued) tear strength of an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the ABC protective filter material has a textile carrier layer designed as a fabric with a plurality of warp threads and with a plurality of weft threads, wherein the fabric is designed and / or equipped with floats in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction,in particular wherein the floats in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads and / or each span over them, and / or preferably, wherein in the fabric a portion of the warp threads is drawn in several times, in particular twice (double), and / or a portion of the weft threads is inserted several times, in particular twice (double).

71. Use of a textile backing layer designed as a fabric with a plurality of warp threads and a plurality of weft threads, for increasing and / or improving the (further) tear strength of an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material) comprising the backing layer, in particular wherein the ABC protective filter material is used in a textile ABC protective garment, preferably with Protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular for increasing and / or improving the (further) tear resistance of an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material with protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the fabric Floats in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, in particular wherein the floats in the warp direction extend over at least two weft threads and / or span these each, and / or in particular wherein the floats in the weft direction extend over at least two warp threads and / or span these each, and / or, preferably, has multiple, in particular double, inserted warp threads and / or multiple, in particular double, inserted weft threads.

72. Method for increasing and / or improving the (further) tear strength of an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material) and / or a textile ABC protective garment comprising the ABC protective filter material, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular for increasing and / or improving the (further) tear strength of an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and / or a textile ABC protective garment comprising the ABC protective filter material, wherein the ABC protective filter material is provided and / or equipped with a textile carrier layer designed as a fabric with a plurality of warp threads and with a plurality of weft threads, wherein the fabric has floats in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction,in particular, wherein the floats in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads, and / or span these in each case and / or in particular wherein the floats in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads and / or span these in each case, and / or, preferably and, wherein in the fabric a part of the warp threads is drawn in several times, in particular twice (double), and / or a part of the weft threads is inserted several times, in particular twice (double).

73. Use according to claim 69 or 71 or method according to claim 70 or 72, wherein the ABC protective filter material is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multilayered structure, in particular consisting of several interconnected layers, preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii): (i) the textile carrier layer formed as a woven fabric with two opposite sides, wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) is coated and / or provided with an adhesive preferably applied discontinuously (“first adhesive”) and / or wherein an adhesive preferably applied discontinuously is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”), (ii) a protective layer with two opposite sides and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer is connected via one of its two sides to the textile carrier layer, in particular to the side of the carrier layer coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, by means of the adhesive, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer, wherein the cover layer is connected to the protective layer, in particular to the side of the protective layer facing away from the carrier layer, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive applied preferably discontinuously to the protective layer, in particular to the side of the protective layer facing away from the carrier layer ("second adhesive").

74. Use according to claim 69, 71 or 73 or method according to claim 70, 72 or 73, wherein the floats (floats) in the fabric (3c) are formed in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in both the warp and weft directions, and / or wherein at least a portion of the warp threads and / or the weft threads, preferably at least a portion of the warp threads and the weft threads, are formed as floating threads, and / or, preferably, wherein a portion of the warp threads is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a portion of the weft threads is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a portion of the warp threads is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), and a portion of the weft threads is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double).

75. Use of an ABC protective filter material, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 68, for the manufacture of protective equipment and / or protective articles of all kinds, in particular protective clothing, especially for the civilian or military sector, such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective footwear, protective socks, head protection clothing, or the like, and / or for the manufacture of protective covers of all kinds, preferably all the aforementioned protective materials and / or protective clothing items for ABC use and / or with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxins.

76. Use of an ABC protective filter material as defined in any one of claims 1 to 68, for the manufacture of filters and filter materials of all kinds, in particular for the removal of pollutants, odors and toxins of all kinds, preferably for the removal of chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxins, in particular from air and / or gas streams, such as ABC protective mask filters, odor filters, surface filters, air filters, in particular filters for room air purification, adsorbable carrier structures and filters for the medical field.

77. Protective equipment and / or protective articles of all kinds, in particular for the civilian or military sector, especially protective clothing such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective footwear, protective socks, head protection clothing and the like, as well as protective covers, preferably all the aforementioned protective equipment and / or protective articles for use in CBRN operations and / or with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxins, manufactured using a CBRN protective filter material (1) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 68, and / or comprising a CBRN protective filter material (1) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 68.

78. Filters and filter materials of all kinds, in particular for the removal of pollutants, odors and toxins of all kinds, preferably for the removal of chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxins, in particular from air and / or gas streams, such as protective mask filters, odor filters, surface filters, air filters, in particular filters for room air purification, adsorbable carrier structures and filters for the medical field, manufactured using an ABC protective filter material (1) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 68, and / or comprising an ABC protective filter material (1) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 68.

79. Use according to claim 69 or one of claims 73 or 74, method according to claim 70 or one of claims 73 or 74, use according to claim 71 or one of claims 73 or 74, method according to claim 72 or one of claims 73 or 74, use according to claim 75 or 76, protective equipment and / or protective articles according to claim 77 or filters and filter materials according to claim 78, characterized by one or more of the features of claims 1 to 68.

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