Abc protective filter material, especially in the form of a textile laminate, with defined elasticity

Abstract

The present invention relates to a textile ABC protective filter material, especially designed to be air-permeable and water vapor-permeable, having a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, and equipped with high and / or improved elasticity, preferably in transverse direction, and preferably provided for use in a textile ABC protective garment, and to the use thereof.

Description

[0001] ABC protective filter material, especially in the form of a textile laminate, with defined elasticity

[0002] The present invention relates to the technical field of textile-based filter materials, such as sheet filter materials. In particular, the present invention relates to the technical field of textile-based protective filter materials, which can be used, for example, in military or civilian applications, such as protective equipment and clothing that provide protection against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear or radioactive pollutants, as well as in various technical filter applications or the like.

[0003] Against this background, the present invention relates in particular to an ABC protective filter material or CBRN protective filter material (also referred to synonymously as protective filter material or surface filter material), preferably a textile ABC or CBRN protective filter material, preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment (CBRN protective garment), wherein the ABC protective filter material has high or improved elasticity in at least one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, and wherein the ABC protective filter material in particular has a protective function against harmful or toxic substances (where ABC = atomic, biological, and chemical, and CBRN = chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear, the terms "ABC" on the one hand and "CBRN" on the other hand are used synonymously within the scope of the present invention). The protective filter material according to the invention is characterized in particular by high or improved elasticity in at least one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, and wherein the ABC protective filter material in particular has a protective function against harmful or toxic substances (where ABC = atomic, biological, and chemical, and CBRN = chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear, and ...Improved elasticity in at least one direction (preferably only in one direction), preferably in the transverse direction, is provided. In particular, according to the invention, a special protective filter material with defined elasticity or transverse elasticity (elastic or transversely elastic protective filter material) is provided.

[0004] In this context, the present invention, with regard to the protective filter material according to the invention, is aimed particularly at the technical field of ABC or CBRN protective clothing, as it can be used especially for military purposes or for civilian purposes, for example in the field of hazard prevention, firefighting, or disaster relief, or the like. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to the technical field of ABC or CBRN filters or technical filter applications or filter units, which can be used, for example, for the treatment or purification of fluid media (i.e., gaseous or liquid media, in particular gaseous media such as air or the like), for example, in the context of the treatment or conditioning of room or ambient air or breathing air.

[0005] Furthermore, the present invention also relates to the use of elastically designed weft threads or elastically designed warp threads, preferably elastically designed weft threads, in a textile support layer designed as a woven fabric, such as that used for a protective filter material, or of elastically designed threads of one of the thread systems forming a woven fabric, in particular elastically designed threads of only one of the thread systems, to provide elasticity, in particular high or improved elasticity, of a protective filter material, preferably to provide elasticity in only one (extension) direction, preferably transverse direction, of a protective filter material which has a woven fabric or support layer. Accordingly, the present invention also relates to a method for providing elasticity, in particular for increasing or improving the elasticity, in a protective filter material.

[0006] Furthermore, the present invention also relates to the use of a special carrier layer or carrier material for providing a defined elasticity to a protective filter material, in particular for increasing or improving the elasticity, preferably for providing elasticity in only one (extension) direction, preferably the transverse direction, of a protective filter material which has or consists of such a fabric or carrier layer. In this context, the present invention also relates to a corresponding method for providing a defined elasticity with respect to protective filter materials.

[0007] The present invention also relates to specific uses of the protective filter material according to the invention, namely in particular for the manufacture of protective equipment or protective articles, especially protective clothing, as well as for the manufacture of filters and filter materials of all kinds. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to protective equipment and protective articles, especially protective clothing, and filters and filter materials which incorporate the protective filter material according to the invention or which are manufactured using the protective filter material according to the invention.

[0008] Protective filter materials, or surface filter materials, which typically incorporate textile-based components or functional textile carrier materials or layers, are generally subject to stringent requirements, both in terms of their use as protective clothing and as (technical) filters or filter materials. In particular, while ensuring a high level of wearing comfort in the case of protective clothing, the aim is to provide the highest possible and most lasting protection against hazardous substances and toxins, thus offering a high level of CBRN protection. This is especially important given that exposure to or contact with hazardous substances, such as chemical warfare agents or toxic industrial chemicals (TICs), often poses a significant health risk.

[0009] The underlying protective filter materials, or surface filter materials, are intended to provide efficient, reliable, and long-lasting protection against chemical, biological, nuclear, and radioactive pollutants and toxins, even under challenging operating conditions, for example, with regard to protective clothing. A technical and design challenge lies in ensuring that protective clothing and equipment based on these filter materials also offer good properties in terms of comfort, adaptability, and fit during use. This includes, for example, the suppleness, precise fit, and secure hold of the protective clothing even under adverse conditions.Regarding the application, for example in military operations or disaster relief efforts, a good, close fit must be ensured, even on areas of the body with high mobility. In this context, a further challenge lies in providing a high-quality manufacturing process for the underlying protective filter materials or surface filter materials. Furthermore, efficient processing into protective filter materials or technical filters is essential, for example, providing precisely cut pieces or similar solutions with optimized material usage.

[0010] In the current state of the art, textile protective filter materials are used, for example, to provide NBC and CBRN protective suits in the military sector (i.e., for military personnel or soldiers, often as additional protection during defense or combat operations) but also in the civilian sector or civil defense sector (i.e., for personnel involved in disaster relief or firefighting operations, such as firefighters). Another area of ​​application is industrial applications, for example, in the chemical industry, such as in the handling and containment of toxic industrial chemicals (TICs). In these applications, corresponding protective filter materials in the form of protective clothing or suits are also intended to provide additional protection against exposure to human toxicological agents.To provide substances such as those that can be released in accidents in the chemical industry or nuclear facilities, for example, in connection with or as a consequence of natural disasters. In the military sector, it is also intended to provide enhanced protection against chemical toxins and warfare agents.

[0011] In the current state of the art, it has not always been satisfactorily possible to combine diametrically opposed or even contradictory product properties in one and the same material. This is particularly true when it comes to providing high wearing comfort in protective clothing while maintaining high mechanical resistance and offering a high and lasting level of protection against harmful or toxic substances. Another challenge lies in enabling the broadest possible spectrum of protection, especially given that harmful or toxic substances generally exhibit high physicochemical and toxicological variability and can exist, for example, as aerosols, gases, droplets, contaminated particles, or similar substances with varying degrees of toxicity. Therefore, providing a broad spectrum of protection is essential.Particularly in connection with providing a high level of protection against harmful or toxic substances, the wearability and fit of protective clothing during use are of paramount importance. A good fit, in particular, leads to improved protective properties and reduced strain on the user or wearer, while also enhancing comfort. This, too, is not always satisfactorily achieved in current technology.

[0012] A less-than-ideal fit or poor comfort of protective clothing leads to increased physical strain on the user. A poor fit can also cause the clothing to slip, especially during increased physical movement or activity under operational conditions. Furthermore, a poor fit can restrict a user's mobility, leading to impaired working conditions. In particular, creases or folds can form at moving parts of the body, such as the knees, hips, shoulders, and elbows, resulting in discomfort and increased wear and tear on the material.

[0013] A poor fit or reduced adaptation of protective clothing to body movements can not only lead to decreased wearing comfort and insufficient convenience, but also to an undesirable reduction in the protective performance against harmful or toxic substances. For example, unwanted slippage of the protective clothing can cause the transition or opening areas (especially arm and leg openings) to shift, potentially creating entry points for harmful or toxic substances. Furthermore, increased stretching or creasing, such as that caused by excessive wrinkling, can lead to premature weakening of the material structure or delamination of the layers of the protective material used in the construction of the clothing.As a result, further entry points for harmful or toxic substances can develop in such areas, leading to a loss of function and an increased risk of toxicological exposure for the user. In particular, a less-than-ideal fit of protective clothing, for example around joints or similar areas, leads to reduced comfort during wear or use due to decreased conformability. This ultimately represents an additional stress factor for the user, negatively impacting performance under operational conditions. Furthermore, a less-than-ideal fit, especially in areas of movement, can cause unwanted chafing of the clothing.

[0014] Regarding the proper fit of protective clothing, particularly in the context of close-fitting designs, the elasticity of the material is also relevant. Appropriate elasticity leads to better adaptability and a more secure fit, even during physical activity. This, in turn, improves protection against harmful substances and toxins, as the improved fit minimizes openings and penetration points, such as around extremity openings or the neck.

[0015] However, protective clothing known in the prior art, or the protective filter materials used in its manufacture, do not always exhibit optimal elasticity properties. This can lead to situations where such protective clothing, due to a poor fit, sometimes lacks optimal wearing comfort and may also offer reduced protection against harmful and toxic substances.

[0016] In particular, given the current state of technology, the lack of elasticity in protective filter materials often necessitates an excessively large cut for protective clothing to ensure a certain degree of user mobility. However, this increased material usage can lead to excessive wrinkling or folding of the material in certain areas of the body, such as around joints, resulting in the previously described adverse effects on comfort and the protective function against harmful substances. Specifically, protective filter materials with only minimal or undefined elasticity make it impossible to provide protective clothing with a close-fitting or precise cut. Furthermore, the donning and doffing properties are not always optimal.

[0017] Current technological advancements in protective filter materials used for protective clothing include approaches to provide a certain degree of elasticity. However, these are often insufficient.

[0018] For state-of-the-art protective filter materials, textile backing materials or layers are often used to provide a certain degree of elasticity to the overall material. These are typically in the form of knitted or crocheted fabrics. While the use of textile backing materials based on knitted fabrics does provide a certain degree of elasticity, the underlying elasticity properties are often undefined and can only be specified or adjusted to a limited extent. In particular, it is generally difficult to achieve a specifically differentiated elasticity for the respective directions of the material in its main plane of extension, i.e., in the longitudinal and transverse directions. This is because such protective filter materials are generally bi-elastic (i.e., elastic in both directions).(elastic in both directions, especially longitudinal and transverse directions, of the main plane of extension of the underlying material). Even on this basis, optimal cutting paths cannot always be achieved. Furthermore, production can sometimes be complex, especially since there is the disadvantage that separate material handling is often necessary during production.

[0019] The construction of bi-elastic protective filter materials based on knitted fabrics as a textile carrier layer is also disadvantageous in that it often results in reduced stability, particularly with regard to delamination of the layers. Specifically, due to the sometimes poorly differentiated bi-elastic properties, tensile stress on the material often leads to excessive stress on the layer composite and especially on the bonding of the individual layers, which can result in delamination or dissolution of the layer composite. This, in turn, can lead to a reduction in the protective function against harmful or toxic substances. For knitted fabrics used as carrier materials, which generally have loops as the central binding elements, this is such that a differentiated or...Different elasticity properties with respect to the respective directions of extension are not sufficiently achievable. Rather, the underlying binding elements, especially the loops, exhibit relatively undefined elasticity properties overall. Furthermore, such knitted or crocheted materials are often associated with production-related disadvantages. For example, it may be necessary to apply a so-called runner lamination during the manufacturing or processing, particularly in the form of temporarily applied stabilizing supports. This involves higher overall material usage and more complex procedures. In particular, removing the support after the material has been produced can prove problematic. Often, residue-free removal is impossible or only achievable with considerable effort.

[0020] Furthermore, prior art may also provide for protective filter materials based on knitted textile backing layers to have reduced strength and increased basis weight, which, for example, is detrimental to wearing comfort. In addition, there is often a tendency to dry shrinkage and so-called "shrinkage," particularly in the longitudinal direction of the material, due to winding and further processing based on the knitted textile backing layer.

[0021] Furthermore, the prior art for providing protective filter materials, which are used particularly for protective clothing and technical filters or filter materials, also relies on the use of non-elastic carrier materials. Such carrier materials are often based on knitted or woven fabrics. The lack of elasticity sometimes leads to reduced wearing comfort of protective clothing manufactured on this basis. In particular, it is often not possible to provide protective clothing with a close-fitting cut in a satisfactory manner. Moreover, it is often necessary to compensate for the lack of elasticity through the cut or design, for example, by using more material, in order to ensure a certain level of wearing comfort. Consequently, providing suitable protective clothing often requires a higher material input, which is also economically disadvantageous.Particularly in areas of movement, such as the knees or wrists, excessive wrinkling or bulging of the material can occur when worn, leading to the previously described disadvantages regarding comfort and the durability of the protective function. In this context, a close-fitting cut is also disadvantageous because the lack of elasticity can restrict the wearer's freedom of movement, which is detrimental during operations and leads to increased strain on the wearer. Furthermore, such protective filter materials may exhibit limited flexibility, meaning that their tactile properties are not always satisfactory.Such materials generally exhibit only limited drapability, particularly with regard to further processing for the provision of protective clothing.

[0022] EP 2 026 884 A2, and the related patent WO 2007 / 071835 A2 and US 2009 / 0093178 A1, describe a composite textile material for CBRN applications. This material comprises a first non-woven material suitable for forming a physical barrier against the penetration of microorganisms, and a second material suitable for capturing microorganisms retained by the first material through absorption and / or adsorption. The composite material may include a textile carrier material suitable for supporting the second material. In particular, the concept focuses primarily on the filtering properties of the underlying composite textile material itself.

[0023] The above points demonstrate that, with regard to protective or surface filter materials used in the manufacture of protective clothing or similar products, providing a defined or specifically specified elasticity while simultaneously ensuring a high and lasting level of protection against pollutants and toxins is of paramount importance. This also applies accordingly to protective filter materials used in or as technical filters or filter systems for the purification of fluid media. In this context, it can also be advantageous for such protective filter materials to exhibit a defined elasticity, as this allows for the targeted specification or optimization of the handling and operating characteristics of technical filters or filter systems manufactured on this basis, for example, with regard to their fit or similar aspects.

[0024] In light of the above, there is a high demand for protective filter materials with particle or aerosol filtering properties, or with adsorptive properties against pollutants and toxins, which generally possess improved or defined elastic properties. There is also a high demand for protective or surface filter materials with correspondingly high durability and, furthermore, good wearability in the case of protective clothing, as well as high purification efficiency and high throughput of media to be purified in the case of technical filters or filter systems.

[0025] Against this background, an object of the present invention is in particular to provide a protective filter material, especially a textile protective filter material, which is suitable for use in the military and civilian sectors, preferably for the manufacture of protective clothing, such as protective suits or the like, as well as for technical filter applications, such as gas or air filters, wherein the disadvantages of the prior art described above are to be at least largely avoided or at least mitigated.

[0026] Furthermore, another object of the present invention is to provide a protective filter material which, compared to the prior art, exhibits improved and, in particular, defined or specially designed elasticity or reversible elongation. In this regard, high mechanical stability or resistance of the protective filter material should also be ensured, including with respect to the stability or integrity of the layer structure underlying the protective filter material and the stability of the individual layers themselves. High functionality and durability of the provided protective function against chemical, biological, radioactive, or nuclear pollutants or toxins should also be guaranteed. In particular, the provided protective filter material should also be suitable for a wide variety of applications, especially in the textile and...Suitable for the clothing technology sector, particularly for the production of protective equipment and clothing with a protective function against harmful or toxic substances. Furthermore, the protective filter material should be equally suitable for the production of filters and filter systems, and thus also for technical filter applications.

[0027] A further object of the present invention is to provide a protective filter material which, in addition to improved or defined elasticity, also exhibits improved application and handling properties. In this context, a particular object of the present invention is to provide a suitable protective filter material which, especially with regard to its use in or as protective clothing, ensures a high level of wearing comfort, while also providing a high degree of fit and conformability with respect to movable parts of the user's body, such as joints or the like. In particular, close-fitting cuts or fits should also be achieved based on the provided protective filter material in connection with protective clothing. At the same time, a high level of air permeability should also be ensured.Water vapor permeability is provided. In particular, the present invention aims to enable ergonomic cutting with an overall optimized or reduced use of material.

[0028] The present invention aims to provide a protective filter material with improved or defined elasticity, while simultaneously optimizing or at least not negatively affecting other material-specific parameters, such as air permeability, seam and tensile strength, and the mechanical stability of the underlying materials. In particular, high dimensional stability and sufficient resilience should be maintained even after multiple or repeated tensile stresses. Furthermore, an optimized basis weight should be achieved even with a stable layered composite. A further objective of the present invention is to provide a protective filter material based on...to provide a textile protective filter material that is easy to handle and uncomplicated in production, and in particular should be capable of being manufactured using standard production facilities and equipment. The sustainability and cost-benefit ratio of such a protective filter material should also be optimized.

[0029] In summary, the present invention aims to provide a textile protective or surface filter material for numerous applications and uses, which possesses a defined elasticity combined with high durability and mechanical stability or resistance, and which also provides a high level of protection against harmful or toxic substances, even after high or repeated tensile stress. In particular, good stretch resistance properties and high air and water vapor permeability, combined with high flexibility, are desired.

[0030] To solve the problem described above, the present invention thus proposes – according to a first aspect of the present invention – an ABC protective filter material (in particular, a textile ABC protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular an ABC protective filter material with high or improved elasticity in at least one direction, preferably in the transverse direction (in particular, in only one direction, more preferably only in the transverse direction), and in particular an air-permeable or water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material with a protective function against harmful or toxic substances with high or improved elasticity, preferably in the transverse direction (or in only one direction, more preferably only in the transverse direction) according to claim 1; further advantageous developments and embodiments of this aspect of the invention are the subject of the corresponding dependent and subclaims.A further object of the present invention – according to a second aspect of the present invention – is the use of elastically designed weft threads or elastically designed warp threads, preferably only elastically designed weft threads, in a carrier layer of a protective filter material designed as a woven fabric, or of elastically designed threads in a carrier layer designed as a woven fabric, to increase and / or improve, or to provide, elasticity in at least one direction, in particular in only one direction, of an ABC protective filter material comprising the carrier layer, according to the independent claim relating to this use. In this respect, the present invention also relates to a corresponding method according to the independent claim relating to this method. Further advantageous embodiments of the use according to the invention, orThe methods according to the invention in this respect are the subject of the relevant dependent claims.

[0031] Furthermore, according to a third aspect of the present invention, the invention also relates to the use of a special carrier layer or carrier material for providing elasticity to a protective filter material, preferably for providing elasticity in only one direction to a protective filter material which has or consists of such a carrier layer, according to the independent claim relating to this use. In this context, the present invention also relates to a corresponding method according to the independent method claim relating to this aspect. Further advantageous embodiments of the use or method according to this aspect are the subject of the dependent claims relating to this aspect.

[0032] A further subject matter of the present invention – according to a fourth aspect of the present invention – is the use of the ABC protective filter material according to the invention for the manufacture of protective equipment or protective articles, in particular protective clothing, of all kinds, or for the manufacture of filters and filter materials of all kinds according to the respective independent use claims. Further advantageous embodiments of the uses according to the invention are the subject matter of the corresponding dependent claim. A further subject matter of the present invention – according to a fifth aspect of the present invention – is the protective equipment according to the invention, in particular protective clothing, or protective articles, which contain the protective filter material according to the invention.manufactured using the protective filter material according to the invention, as described in the independent claim relating to the protective equipment or articles according to the invention. Further advantageous embodiments of this aspect of the present invention are the subject of the dependent claim.

[0033] Furthermore, a further aspect of the present invention – a sixth aspect thereof – includes filters and filter materials comprising the protective filter material according to the invention or manufactured using the protective filter material according to the invention, as described in the independent claim relating to the filters or filter materials according to the invention. Further advantageous embodiments of this aspect of the present invention are the subject of the dependent claim.

[0034] It goes without saying that in the following description of the present invention, such embodiments, features, advantages, examples or the like, which are subsequently described – for the purpose of avoiding unnecessary repetition – only with regard to a single aspect of the invention, naturally also apply to the other aspects of the invention without the need for any express mention.

[0035] Furthermore, it is self-evident that the following specifications of values, numbers, and ranges are not to be understood as limiting; it is self-evident to those skilled in the art that deviations from the specified ranges or specifications are possible due to individual circumstances or application requirements, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Moreover, all values, parameters, or the like mentioned below can, in principle, be determined using standardized or explicitly specified determination methods, or alternatively, using determination or measurement methods that are generally familiar to those skilled in the art in this field. Unless otherwise specified, the underlying values ​​or parameters are determined under standard conditions (i.e., in particular at a temperature of 20 °C and / or at a pressure of 1,013.25 hPa or 1.01325 bar).In this context, in particular, the procedure can be carried out under normal climate conditions in accordance with DIN EN ISO 139:2011.

[0036] Furthermore, it should be noted that with regard to all relative or percentage quantities listed below, especially those based on weight, it must be ensured that these quantities are selected or combined by a person skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention in such a way that the total always results in 100% or 100% by weight – possibly including further components or ingredients, in particular as defined below. This is self-evident to a person skilled in the art.

[0037] Furthermore, it is understood that the person skilled in the art may, if necessary, deviate from the values ​​or ranges of the quantities or contents of the ingredients or components listed below, depending on the application or the specific case, without leaving the scope of the present invention.

[0038] Furthermore, it is self-evident that individual aspects and embodiments of the present invention are also considered disclosed in any combination with other aspects and embodiments of the present invention, and in particular, any combination of features and embodiments as they arise from the cross-references of all claims is considered extensively disclosed with regard to all possible combinations. In particular, for the features characterizing the invention, any combination of these features is also considered disclosed, with embodiments of equal preference for the various features in their combination being preferred (e.g., quantities or quantity ranges of the relevant ingredients of equal preference, or the like). Likewise, all other combinations (i.e., combinations based on different preferences or...) are also considered disclosed.different levels of preference) are also revealed.

[0039] Having said that, the present invention will now be described and explained in more detail, also with reference to drawings or figures illustrating preferred embodiments or exemplary embodiments.

[0040] The subject matter of the present invention – according to a first aspect of the present invention – is thus an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular an ABC protective filter material with high and / or improved elasticity [preferably determined as total elongation, in particular according to DIN 53 835:1983 (Part 13), preferably with a force limit of 20 Newtons (20 N)] in at least one direction, preferably in the transverse direction (in particular only in one direction, more preferably only in the transverse direction), preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants ("ABC or CBRN protective filter material").CBRN protection function"), in particular an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and with high and / or improved elasticity, preferably in the transverse direction, wherein the ABC protective filter material is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile sheet material with a multi-layered structure, in particular consisting of several interconnected layers, preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material comprises: (i) a textile carrier layer with two opposite sides, wherein one of its two sides ("functional side") is coated and / or provided with an adhesive, preferably applied discontinuously, and / or wherein an adhesive, preferably applied discontinuously, is applied to one of its two sides ("functional side").

[0041] (ii) a single-layer or multi-layer protective layer with two opposing sides and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer is connected via one of its two sides to the textile carrier layer, in particular to the side of the carrier layer coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, by means of the adhesive,

[0042] (iii) optionally a cover layer, wherein the cover layer is connected to the protective layer, in particular to the side of the protective layer facing away from the carrier layer, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer, in particular to the side of the protective layer facing away from the carrier layer; wherein the protective filter material according to the invention is characterized in that the textile carrier layer is designed as a fabric with a plurality of warp threads and with a plurality of weft threads; wherein the weft threads are elastic (elastic weft threads) and / or wherein either the warp threads or the weft threads, preferably only the weft threads, are elastic and / or are present as elastic threads;and / or that the textile support layer is designed as a woven fabric with two thread systems, each comprising or consisting of a plurality of threads, wherein the threads of one of the thread systems run at least substantially perpendicular to the threads of the other thread system, wherein the threads of one of the thread systems, in particular only one of the thread systems, are elastic and / or are elastic threads; and / or that the textile support layer is designed as a woven fabric, wherein the fabric is elastic in one direction of extension, in particular only one direction of extension, and / or wherein the fabric has a higher elasticity in one direction of extension than in the other direction of extension, and / or wherein the fabric has different elasticities in the two directions of extension.

[0043] Due to the special design of the fabric used as a textile carrier layer, the protective filter material according to the invention—and this also in conjunction with the other technical measures provided for the protective filter material according to the invention—exhibits a defined or tailored elasticity. Thus, the protective filter material according to the invention exhibits high or improved elasticity in at least one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, and in particular only in one direction, more preferably only in the transverse direction.

[0044] The term "direction," as used in the present invention, particularly for the formation of the elastic properties of the fabric used as a carrier layer or of the protective filter material comprising this carrier layer according to the invention, refers in particular to one of the two (extension) directions in the main extension plane of the fabric used as a carrier material or of the protective filter material as a whole, in particular wherein the respective directions are at an angle of 90° to each other. In particular, in the present invention, one direction is determined or formed by one of the two thread systems forming the fabric.In particular, this applies when the fabric has or is formed from two thread systems, each with threads arranged at least substantially parallel to one another, with a first direction running parallel to the threads of one thread system and a second direction running parallel to the threads of the other thread system. Specifically, the underlying directions can be the longitudinal direction on the one hand and the transverse direction of the protective filter material or the fabric used as a carrier layer on the other. In particular, one direction, especially the longitudinal direction, can be determined by the course of the warp threads or the warp thread system of the fabric (longitudinal direction or direction parallel to the course of the warp threads, synonymously referred to as warp direction).The longitudinal direction (warp direction) and the transverse direction (weft direction) are defined by the direction of the weft threads or the weft thread system of the fabric (transverse direction or direction parallel to the weft threads, synonymously referred to as weft direction or weft thread direction). As regards the aforementioned directional specifications, these apply equally to the protective filter material itself, which has the fabric as a textile carrier layer. The longitudinal direction (warp direction) and transverse direction (weft direction) of the fabric used as a carrier layer thus also apply to the protective filter material according to the invention as a whole.

[0045] The terms "direction" and "extension direction" are used synonymously in this context.

[0046] In the context of the present invention, according to a preferred embodiment, the fabric, carrier layer, or protective filter material is elastic in only one direction (whereas the other direction is then, in particular, inelastic). The elastic direction is, in particular, the transverse direction or weft direction, so that the fabric, carrier layer, or protective filter material according to the invention is elastic only in the transverse direction or weft direction (whereas the fabric, carrier layer, or protective filter material is then inelastic in the other direction, and thus, in particular, in the longitudinal direction or warp direction).

[0047] Thus, the protective filter material or fabric exhibits, in particular, monoelastic properties (i.e., elasticity in only one direction) or anisotropic elasticity with respect to the directions of extension of the protective filter material or fabric. It can therefore be provided, in particular, that only one of the thread systems of the fabric or only the threads used for this thread system are elastic (whereby, according to the invention, it is particularly provided in this context that the other direction or the other thread system with the corresponding threads is non-elastic). According to one embodiment of the invention, it is preferably the case that (only) the transverse direction of the protective filter material or fabric is elastic. Thus, the protective filter material or fabric according to the invention exhibits, in particular, elasticity in the transverse direction and preferably only in the transverse direction (i.e.,According to the invention, it is particularly the case that the longitudinal direction of the fabric is non-elastic. As explained above, according to the invention, the protective filter material or fabric according to the invention can be elastic in the weft direction, preferably only elastic in the weft direction, particularly due to an elastically designed weft thread system or elastically designed weft threads (whereby, according to the invention, it is particularly provided in this context that the warp thread system or the warp threads are non-elastic).

[0048] The applicant has surprisingly discovered that by purposefully shaping a defined elasticity (whereby the fabric or protective filter material is preferably elastic in only one direction, preferably only in the transverse direction or only in the weft direction), overall improved properties can be achieved for the protective filter material according to the invention. In particular, improved wearing comfort can be provided in the case of protective clothing, while simultaneously ensuring high mechanical stability for the protective filter material according to the invention, for example, with regard to the integrity or stability of the layer structure. Consequently, according to the invention, a high and lasting protective function against chemical pollutants or toxins is provided even under adverse operating conditions, while simultaneously offering improved ergonomics.Within the scope of the present invention, diametrically opposed properties are combined in one and the same protective filter material. In particular, the applicant has surprisingly discovered that the development of a defined elasticity is crucial for a good fit and high wearing comfort with a secure fit of the protective clothing during use. According to the invention, it is entirely surprising that providing a defined elasticity, or elasticity that is defined or differentiated with regard to the respective directions of the fabric or protective filter material (i.e., preferably elasticity only in one material direction, preferably only in the transverse or weft direction), is associated with numerous application-specific and manufacturing / production-specific advantages.

[0049] Given the mechanical stability of the protective filter material, particularly with regard to its layer structure and integrity, excellent wearing comfort and improved ergonomics can be achieved for protective clothing. Due to its defined elasticity, an optimized cut can be realized for protective clothing that is highly conformable and fits snugly against the body. This ensures an optimal fit even in areas of the body with high mobility, such as around joints (especially knees, hips, shoulders, elbows, etc.).

[0050] The optimal cut, combined with the improved fit, also leads to reduced physical strain on the user when wearing the protective clothing, especially since it allows for a high degree of freedom of movement while remaining comfortable. This also results in reduced stress and thus improved user performance. Due to the specially developed elasticity of the protective filter material used in the protective clothing according to the invention, a secure fit is ensured even during strenuous physical activity, while also preventing bagging or excessive wrinkling, even in the user's joint areas. Therefore, there are no chafing points or similar issues. In particular, the protective filter material according to the invention and the protective clothing manufactured on this basis are generally supple and consequently comfortable to wear.

[0051] Due to its air and water vapor permeability, heat build-up is prevented even under high physical exertion. Ensuring a high level of wearing comfort is also significant and particularly advantageous, as it further reduces physical and physiological stress on the user or wearer of the protective clothing. The close-fitting cut also reduces unwanted air exchange around the openings (such as arm and leg openings or the neck area) of the protective clothing. This is because the protective clothing manufactured using the protective filter material according to the invention fits snugly against the body, even around these openings.Furthermore, the so-called "pumping effect," which can occur with poorly fitting protective clothing due to an undesirable change in the volume of the space between the clothing and the wearer, is avoided or reduced during physical movement by the user. Overall, this prevents the unwanted exchange of ambient air, which may be contaminated with pollutants or toxins, through the openings in the protective clothing. Such air exchange is particularly undesirable because the ambient air, without passing through the protective layer or filter material of the clothing, directly affects the wearer, which must be avoided to prevent exposure to pollutants or toxins.In particular, even under adverse operating conditions, the improved and close-fitting design of the protective clothing prevents excessive slippage, thus providing excellent overall protection against harmful or toxic substances.

[0052] Furthermore, the protective filter material according to the invention also exhibits high flexibility and pliability, along with improved haptic properties. This, in conjunction with its defined and differentiated elasticity, leads to a further improvement in wearing comfort. In particular, as previously mentioned, a good fit is ensured even in the area of ​​body joints, even with a close-fitting cut.

[0053] The good fit and excellent design of protective clothing made from the protective filter material according to the invention, combined with its close-fitting cut, also results in lower mechanical stress on the material itself, thus ensuring high stability and durability of the protective performance. In particular, even in areas of increased movement, there is minimal mechanical force acting on the layered structure of the protective filter material, so that a lasting protective function against harmful substances and toxins is maintained at such critical points, even under adverse operating conditions.

[0054] In particular, the protective filter material according to the invention exhibits high mechanical stability due to the special design of the carrier layer in the form of the fabric, for example, even against mechanical forces such as impact, tearing, and localized pressure. This stability is maintained during and after the manufacturing or processing process of the protective filter material according to the invention. The defined elasticity provided by the invention, especially transverse elasticity or elasticity in the weft direction, leads to an overall increase in wearing comfort, while also enabling a more ergonomic cut for the protective clothing. Furthermore, as mentioned above, high stability is achieved with simplified manufacturing, especially compared to knitted fabrics used as the carrier layer.

[0055] Furthermore, the protective filter material according to the invention exhibits high resilience or, at most, only minimal residual elongation even after repeated or continuous tensile stress. This is accompanied by the provision of excellent protection against harmful or toxic substances, since, given the integrity of the layer structure, the components of the protective layer are protected with regard to their arrangement within the protective layer or in the protective filter material (for example, concerning the spacing and arrangement of particulate adsorption materials or adsorbents, or the like).

[0056] Due to the defined elasticity, the present invention allows for an optimization of the pattern design with regard to protective clothing or technical filters, which also results in material savings. The defined elasticity, in particular the transverse elasticity or elasticity in the weft direction, of the fabric used as a carrier layer for the protective filter material, or of the protective filter material itself, according to the invention, results in improved handling during cutting of the material, as is necessary, for example, for the production of protective clothing. This ultimately leads to optimized material usage with improved pattern making, and also enables the implementation of close-fitting cuts for protective clothing while maintaining a high level of wearing comfort. The transverse elasticity of the fabric, which is preferably present according to the invention, is a key feature.The use of protective filter material thus leads to an increase in the wearing comfort of the resulting protective clothing and also enables a more ergonomic cut for the protective clothing.

[0057] Furthermore, the protective filter material according to the invention exhibits excellent regeneration properties. It exhibits minimal drying shrinkage combined with high wash resistance. In addition, the protective filter material according to the invention offers optimal properties with regard to low basis weight, while maintaining high stability and overall air and water vapor permeability (which also benefits wearing comfort).

[0058] Furthermore, the protective filter material according to the invention also offers advantages in terms of production and manufacturing technology. In particular, the fabric underlying the protective filter material, which serves as a carrier layer, as well as the protective filter material as a whole, can be produced on conventional production equipment. Especially with regard to the embodiment of the invention, in which the fabric has anisotropic elasticity and, in particular, elasticity (only) in the transverse direction or with respect to the weft thread system, as is ensured in particular by the use (only) of elastic weft threads, further optimized handling and production on mechanical weaving machines are possible, also in light of the fact that, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the warp thread system or the warp threads are non-elastic.

[0059] High production throughputs and rates can be achieved, particularly due to the anisotropic nature of the elasticity, which results in excellent manufacturing and processing properties for the protective filter material according to the invention. In particular, no separate material handling is required during production. Furthermore, with regard to the present invention, it is not necessary to use stabilizing support materials during manufacturing, as is often the case, for example, with protective filter materials based on knitted fabrics as a textile backing layer. This also results in lower material consumption. Moreover, the problem of the sometimes complex removal of the support materials after production is eliminated. Thus, a so-called runner lamination or similar process can also be omitted during manufacturing.The temporary use of stabilizing support structures for elastic carrier materials can be dispensed with, which is accompanied by an optimization of material usage and the avoidance of residues (which usually remain on the material when the runner lamination is removed), thus also resulting in improved material quality.

[0060] Due to the properties underlying the protective filter material according to the invention, the protective filter material can be manufactured simply and on an industrial scale, and the filter material is also easily standardized and exhibits uniformly reproducible or specifically adjustable properties. Furthermore, the protective filter material is ideally suited for further processing, particularly into protective clothing, (technical) filters, or the like.

[0061] Within the scope of the present invention, there are therefore excellent or further improved production or manufacturing properties with regard to the protective filter material.

[0062] By selectively matching and choosing the weft and warp threads forming the respective thread systems with the yarns used, particularly with regard to their elastic properties, the elasticity of the protective filter material can be individually adjusted and fine-tuned. Thus, as will be explained in more detail below, the elasticity of the protective filter material according to the invention can be tailored to specific needs, while simultaneously maintaining the high mechanical stability of the substrate and the uncomplicated manufacturing process of the material as described in the invention. Within the scope of the present invention, it is also surprising that other material-specific properties, such as air permeability, seam and tensile strength, and flexibility, are maintained or even improved.

[0063] Overall, the protective filter material according to the invention is particularly suitable for the manufacture of or use as protective clothing.

[0064] Furthermore, the properties of the protective filter material according to the invention are also advantageous for the use or design of (technical) filters or technical filter applications according to the invention, since equally stable filters or filter systems are provided on this basis, which, with high accuracy of fit and ease of handling, also exhibit excellent filter properties with regard to their manufacture, for example also with regard to providing high throughput rates and high filter efficiency.

[0065] Within the scope of the present invention, a very specially designed fabric with defined or differentiated elasticity is used for the protective filter according to the invention.

[0066] The term "fabric," as used in the context of the present invention, particularly for the textile-technical design of the carrier layer, is to be understood broadly and refers in particular to a textile fabric that has or consists of a thread arrangement or design or thread system, especially based on a warp thread system formed by warp threads (also referred to as chains or warp yarns) on the one hand, and a weft thread system formed by weft threads (also referred to as weft yarns) on the other. The threads of the respective thread systems, or in particular the warp threads and weft threads, or the warp thread system and weft thread system, may preferably intersect in a regular or patterned manner, and in particular at an angle of approximately 90° or nearly 90°. The fabric may also, in principle, have special warp and weft types or types.In general, with regard to the fabric, the warp threads run or are drawn in the longitudinal direction of the fabric, in particular at least substantially parallel to the fabric edge, and the weft threads run or are drawn in the transverse direction, in particular substantially parallel to the fabric edge. According to the invention, the terms "yarn" on the one hand and "thread" on the other hand are to be understood equally broadly. In particular, the terms "yarn" and "thread" are used synonymously, the aforementioned terms generally representing a collective term for all linear textile structures. Fundamentally, the yarn or thread can be a monofilament or a multifilament. In particular, the yarn or thread can have one or more fibers or filaments. Alternatively, the yarn or thread can also be a fiber yarn.Furthermore, a core yarn (also known as core / sheath yarn or core / shell yarn) can be used. Generally, combinations of these yarns are also possible. Please refer to the following explanations for further details.

[0067] The term "elasticity" or "elastic" (also referred to as reversible stretchability) used in the invention refers in particular to the property or ability of the protective filter material according to the invention, or of the fabric used as a textile carrier layer, or of the components or yarns used therefor, to stretch under the influence of a force, in particular a tensile or stretching force (which corresponds to an increase in length, width, or transverse dimension for the fabric or the protective filter material, and to an increase in length for correspondingly elastic yarns), whereby when the force is relieved or removed, in particular the tensile or stretching force, the original size, length, or width is restored at least substantially completely or largely, which in turn is accompanied by a reduction in size, length, or width (relative to the initial size or length).With regard to the fabric or protective filter material used according to the invention, the elasticity properties can be determined, in particular, on the basis of DIN 53 835:1983 (Part 13). The corresponding elasticity values ​​for the fabric or protective filter material used according to the invention are, in particular, the total elongation according to the underlying standard. The following description of the invention is based on preferred embodiments and illustrative drawings or figures, whereby the descriptions apply to all aspects of the invention and the embodiments and configurations of the present invention shown are in no way limiting.

[0068] The depictions of figures show:

[0069] Fig. 1 shows a schematic top view of a fabric 3c used as a textile carrier layer 3 according to the invention, wherein the fabric 3c has a plurality of threads 3d, 3e which form corresponding thread systems 3d', 3e', and wherein the fabric 3c specifically has warp threads 3d in a corresponding warp thread system 3d' and weft threads 3e in a corresponding weft thread system 3e', and wherein the (weft) threads 3e in the (weft) thread system 3e' are based on, or are formed from, or consist of an elastic yarn 8, and wherein the (warp) threads 3d in the (warp) thread system 3d' are each based on, or are formed from, or consist of a non-elastic yarn 9; The fabric 3c therefore exhibits anisotropic elastic properties, whereby the fabric is elastic in one (extension) direction, namely in the direction of the (weft) threads 3e or in the transverse or weft direction, and in the direction of the (warp) threads 3d oris non-elastic in the longitudinal or warp direction; therefore, the fabric 3c shown in Fig. 1 is in particular a transversely elastic fabric; Fig. 1 shows an embodiment according to the invention, in which the fabric 3c has a plain weave; according to the invention, the fabric 3c can preferably also be designed as a twill (fabric) or have a twill weave;.

[0070] Fig. 2A shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an ABC protective filter material 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the protective filter material 1 comprises, in the sequence shown, a textile carrier layer 3 in the form of the fabric, a protective layer 5, in this case based in particular on spherical adsorber particles 5c, and a textile cover layer on the side of the protective layer 5 or the adsorber particles 5c facing away from the carrier layer 3; in addition, Fig. 2A illustrates the bonding of the respective layers to form a laminate using a discontinuously applied adhesive 4 for bonding the protective layer 5 or the adsorber particles 5c to the carrier layer 3 and using a further adhesive 7 for bonding the protective layer 5 or the adsorber particles 5c to the textile cover layer 6;

[0071] Fig. 2B shows a further schematic cross-sectional view of an ABC protective filter material 1 according to a further embodiment of the present invention, in which the protective layer 5 arranged between the textile support layer 3 or the fabric and the textile cover layer 6 is formed on the basis of a fibrous or filamentous adsorption material 5d or in the form of an adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure);

[0072] Fig. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an ABC protective filter material 1 according to the invention, wherein the protective filter material 1 has a textile carrier layer 3 in the form of the fabric, a textile cover layer 6, and a protective layer 5 arranged in between, which is connected to the textile carrier layer 3 by means of a discontinuously applied adhesive 4 and to the textile cover layer 6 by means of a (further) adhesive 7, wherein the protective layer 5 is designed as a particle or aerosol filter layer 5e, for example in the form of a HEPA filter (High Efficiency Penetration or Particulate Air);

[0073] Fig. 4A shows a further schematic cross-sectional view of an ABC protective filter material 1, in which a protective layer 5 is arranged between the textile carrier layer 3 in the form of the fabric and the textile cover layer 6, which is based on a combination of a layered arrangement of adsorber particles 5c and an additional particle or aerosol filter layer 5e, wherein the particle or aerosol filter layer is arranged on the functional side 3a of the textile carrier layer 3 and wherein the adsorber particles are arranged on the side of the particle or aerosol filter layer 5e facing away from the textile carrier layer; Fig. 4A also shows the discontinuous bonding of the protective layer 5 and the particles or aerosols.the aerosol filter layer 5e with the textile carrier layer 3 via the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") as well as the use of a further adhesive 7 ("second adhesive") for fixing the protective layer via the adsorber particles 5c to the textile cover layer 6 as well as the use of yet another adhesive 10 ("third adhesive") for fixing or bonding the adsorber particles 5c to the particle or aerosol filter layer 5e;.

[0074] Fig. 4B shows a further schematic cross-sectional view of an ABC protective filter material 1 according to the invention, wherein the protective filter material 1 shown in Fig. 4B corresponds to that shown in Fig. 4A with the proviso that instead of the adsorber particles 5c a fibrous or filamentous adsorption material 5d in the form of an adsorptive surface structure is used;

[0075] Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of an elastic yarn 8 used according to the invention, with a corresponding top view and cross-sectional view, wherein the elastic yarn according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 is designed as an elastic multi-component yarn or elastic sheath / core yarn, wherein the sheath / core yarn has a sheath material 8a, in particular based on a natural fiber material such as cotton (CO), and a core material 8b, in particular elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on or in the form of polyurethane (PUR);

[0076] Fig. 6A shows a further schematic cross-sectional view of an ABC protective filter material 1 according to the invention, comprising a textile carrier layer 3, a protective layer 5 (based in particular on spherical adsorber particles 5c), and a textile cover layer 6, with the respective layers bonded together by the adhesive 4 and the further adhesive 7 (see also Fig. 2A), wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 also has an outer layer 11 (outer fabric), the outer layer 11 being arranged on the side of the cover layer 6 facing away from the protective layer 5; Fig. 6B shows another schematic cross-sectional view of an ABC protective filter material 1, in which the protective layer 5 is formed on the basis of a combination of a layered arrangement of adsorber particles 5c and an additional particle or aerosol filter layer 5e, wherein the protective layer 5 is arranged between the textile carrier layer 3 and the cover layer 6 (see also Fig. 2A).(also Fig. 4A) and wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 also has an outer layer 11 (outer fabric) on the cover layer 6, wherein the.

[0077] The outer layer 11 is arranged on the side of the cover layer 6 facing away from the protective layer 5.

[0078] The figures shown in Figs. 2A, 2B, 3, 4A, 4B, 6A, and 6B (as well as the other figures) illustrate in particular the first aspect of the present invention, namely, according to the invention, an ABC protective filter material 1 (CBRN protective filter material), in particular a textile ABC protective filter material 1, preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular an ABC protective filter material 1 with high and / or improved elasticity in at least one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material 1 with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and with high and / or improved elasticity, preferably in the transverse direction.wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multi-layered structure 2, in particular consisting of several interconnected layers 3, 4, 5, preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 comprises:,

[0079] (i) a textile carrier layer 3 with two opposite sides 3a, 3b, wherein one of its two sides ("functional side") 3a is coated and / or provided with an adhesive 4, preferably applied discontinuously, and / or wherein an adhesive 4, preferably applied discontinuously, is applied to one of its two sides ("functional side") 3a, (ii) a single-layer or multi-layer protective layer 5 with two opposite sides 5a, 5b and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer 5 is connected via one of its two sides 5a to the textile carrier layer 3, in particular to the adhesive-coated and / or provided side 3a ("functional side") of the carrier layer 3, by means of the adhesive 4,especially permanently and / or firmly attached, preferably glued,

[0080] (iii) optionally a cover layer 6, wherein the cover layer 6 is connected to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive 7 preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3; wherein the protective filter material 1 according to the invention is characterized in that the textile carrier layer 3 is designed as a fabric 3c with a plurality of warp threads 3d and with a plurality of weft threads 3e; wherein the weft threads 3e are elastically designed (elastic weft threads) and / or wherein either the warp threads 3d or the weft threads 3e, preferably only the weft threads 3e, are elastically designed and / or are present as elastic threads;and / or that the textile carrier layer 3 is designed as a fabric 3c with two thread systems 3d', 3e' each having or consisting of a plurality of threads 3d, 3e, wherein the threads 3d, 3e of one of the thread systems 3d', 3e' run at least substantially perpendicular to the threads 3d, 3e of the other thread system 3d', 3e', wherein the threads 3d or 3e of one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e', in particular only one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e', are elastic and / or are elastic threads; and / or that the textile support layer 3 is designed as a fabric 3c, wherein the fabric 3c is elastic in one direction of extension, in particular in only one direction of extension, and / or wherein the fabric 3c has a higher elasticity in one direction of extension than in the other direction of extension, and / or wherein the fabric 3c has different elasticities in the two directions of extension.

[0081] Within the scope of the present invention, with regard to the elastic design, it can be provided in particular that the protective filter material 1 is elastic only in one direction, in particular only in the transverse direction, in particular wherein the protective filter material 1 is non-elastic in the other direction, in particular in the longitudinal direction.

[0082] In general, according to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the weft threads 3e have a greater elasticity than the warp threads 3d, or that the warp threads 3d have a greater elasticity than the weft threads 3e, preferably that the weft threads 3e have a greater elasticity than the warp threads 3d.

[0083] According to the invention, it is preferred that the threads 3d or 3e (first threads 3d or second threads 3e) of one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e' (first thread system 3d' or second thread system 3d') have a greater elasticity than the threads 3e or 3d of the other thread system 3e' or 3d'. In this context, it is particularly the case that the weft threads 3e have a greater elasticity than the warp threads 3d, or that the weft threads 3e are elastic and the warp threads 3d are inelastic. According to the invention, it is therefore preferred that the weft thread system 3d' is elastic and the warp thread system 3e' is inelastic. In general, within the scope of the present invention, it is therefore particularly the case that only one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e' is elastic and that the other of these thread systems 3d' or 3e' is inelastic.For example, according to the invention, the yarn system 3e' or the corresponding yarns 3e, in particular the weft yarn system 3e' or the weft yarns 3e, can be designed elastically, and the yarn system 3d' or the yarns 3d, in particular the warp yarn system 3d' or the warp yarns 3d, can be designed inelastically. By means of the aforementioned measures according to the invention, anisotropic elasticity, i.e., elasticity in only one of the extension directions of the fabric 3c or the protective filter material 1 according to the invention, can be provided, accompanied by the advantages and special properties mentioned above.

[0084] According to the present aspect, the present invention also relates to an ABC protective filter material 1 (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular an ABC protective filter material 1 with high and / or improved elasticity in at least one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material 1 with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and with high and / or improved elasticity, preferably in the transverse direction, in particular an ABC protective filter material 1 as defined above, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 is a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multilayered structure 2.in particular is formed from several interconnected layers (layers) 3, 4, 5, preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 comprises:,

[0085] (i) a textile carrier layer 3 with two opposite sides 3a, 3b, wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a is coated and / or provided with an adhesive 4, preferably applied discontinuously, and / or wherein an adhesive 4, preferably applied discontinuously, is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a,

[0086] (ii) a single-layer or multi-layer protective layer 5 with two opposing sides 5a, 5b and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer 5 is connected via one of its two sides 5a by means of the adhesive 4 to the textile carrier layer 3, in particular to the adhesive-coated and / or provided side 3a (“functional side”) of the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded,

[0087] (iii) optionally a cover layer 6, wherein the cover layer 6 is connected to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive 7 preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3; wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 according to the invention is characterized in that the textile carrier layer 3 is designed as a fabric 3c with a plurality of warp threads 3d and with a plurality of weft threads 3e; wherein the weft threads 3e have a greater elasticity than the warp threads 3d or the warp threads 3d have a greater elasticity than the weft threads 3e, preferably wherein the weft threads 3e have a greater elasticity than the warp threads 3d;and / or that the textile support layer 3 is designed as a fabric 3c with two thread systems 3d', 3e' each having or consisting of a plurality of threads 3d, 3e, wherein the threads 3d, 3e of one of the thread systems 3d', 3e' run at least substantially perpendicular to the threads 3d, 3e of the other thread system 3d' or 3e', wherein the threads 3d or 3e of one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e have a greater elasticity than the threads 3e or 3d of the other thread system 3e' or 3d';and / or that the textile carrier layer 3 is designed as a fabric 3c, wherein the fabric 3c is elastic in one direction of extension, in particular in only one direction of extension, and / or wherein the fabric 3c has a higher elasticity in one direction of extension than in the other direction of extension, and / or wherein the fabric 3c has different elasticities in the two directions of extension. As illustrated in particular in Fig. 1, according to the invention, the yarn system 3d' can be such that the yarn system 3d' is formed from the plurality of warp yarns 3d (warp yarn system 3d') and wherein the yarn system 3e' is formed from the plurality of weft yarns 3e (weft yarn system 3e').

[0088] According to the invention, it is preferred that either the warp threads 3d or the weft threads 3e, preferably only the weft threads 3e, are elastically designed, or that the weft threads 3e have a greater elasticity than the warp threads 3d, or that the warp threads 3d have a greater elasticity than the weft threads 3e, preferably wherein the weft threads 3e have a greater elasticity than the warp threads 3d.

[0089] Fig. 4 further illustrates a preferred structure of the fabric 3c used according to the invention, in which the warp threads 3d, particularly in the warp thread system 3d', are arranged at least substantially perpendicular to the weft threads 3e and / or wherein the weft threads 3e, particularly in the weft thread system 3e', are arranged at least substantially perpendicular to the warp threads 3d. In this context, the warp threads run particularly in the longitudinal direction and the weft threads particularly in the transverse direction of the fabric 3c. In this context, the design of the weft threads 3e as elastic weft threads thus leads to elasticity (only in the transverse direction of the fabric 3c).

[0090] Fig. 4 similarly illustrates a further embodiment of the fabric 3c used according to the invention, wherein the warp threads 3d, in particular in the warp thread system 3d', are arranged at least substantially parallel to each other; and / or, preferably, wherein the weft threads 3e, in particular in the weft thread system 3e', are arranged at least substantially parallel to each other. Fig. 4 further shows that the threads 3d, 3e in a respective thread system 3d', 3e' can be arranged at least substantially parallel to each other. In the thread system 3d', the threads 3d are arranged substantially parallel to each other, and in the thread system 3d', the threads 3e are arranged at least substantially parallel to each other.Furthermore, according to the invention, it can be provided in particular such that the fabric 3c consists of and / or is formed from the two yarn systems 3d', 3e', in particular the warp yarn system 3d' and the weft yarn system 3e'. In particular, the fabric 3c may not have any further and / or different yarn system and / or fiber system in addition to the two yarn systems 3d', 3e', in particular the warp yarn system 3d' and the weft yarn system 3e'.

[0091] Particularly with regard to providing anisotropic elasticity or elasticity in only one of the extension directions of the protective filter material, it can be provided according to the invention that either the warp threads 3d or the weft threads 3e, preferably only the weft threads 3e, each have or consist of and / or are formed from at least one elastic yarn 8, or that the elastic threads are each formed by at least one elastic yarn 8. According to a particularly preferred embodiment according to the invention, either all warp threads 3d or all weft threads 3e, preferably all weft threads 3e, are each formed by one elastic yarn 8. By forming elastic weft threads 3e, elasticity can thus be provided only in the transverse direction or in the weft direction 3e' of the fabric 3c.

[0092] According to the invention, it can be provided, in particular, that the weft threads 3e each do not contain any non-elastic yarn or are free of any non-elastic yarn. Likewise, it can be provided that the warp threads 3d are non-elastic. In particular, it can be provided according to the invention, in this context, that the warp threads 3d each contain, consist of, and / or are formed from at least one non-elastic yarn 9. In particular, it can be provided that the warp threads 3d do not contain any elastic yarn or are free of any elastic yarn. In this regard, reference can be made, in particular, to Fig.Reference is made to Figure 1, which shows an embodiment in which the (weft) threads 3e are each based on an elastic yarn 8 and the (warp) threads 3d are each formed in the form of a non-elastic yarn 9, so that the fabric 3c has a higher elasticity in the (weft) direction 3e' than in the (warp) direction 3d'. In particular, such a fabric 3c therefore has elasticity (only) in the weft direction or a corresponding transverse elasticity.According to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the weft threads 3e each comprise or consist of and / or are formed from at least one elastic yarn 8 and / or wherein the elastic weft threads 3e each consist of at least one elastic yarn 8 and wherein the warp threads 3d are non-elastic and / or each comprise or consist of and / or are formed from a non-elastic yarn 9 and / or each do not comprise any elastic yarn and / or are free of an elastic yarn. Reference can likewise be made to Fig. 1 in this regard.

[0093] In particular, according to the invention, it may be the case that all warp threads 3d or all weft threads 3e, in particular preferably only all weft threads 3e, each have at least one elastic yarn 8 or consist of or are formed from this and / or are formed from this and / or are elastic threads formed from at least one elastic yarn 8.

[0094] In general, according to the invention, it can be such that at least 40%, in particular at least 60%, preferably at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, especially preferably 100% of the warp threads 3d or the weft threads 3e, preferably only the weft threads 3e, preferably the simply (single) inserted weft threads 3e, each have or consist of and / or are formed from at least one elastic yarn 8.

[0095] In particular, it may be provided that every fourth, in particular every third, preferably every second, preferably every, of the warp threads 3d or of the weft threads 3e, preferably of the weft threads 3e, preferably of the simply (single) inserted weft threads 3e, preferably only of the weft threads 3e, each has at least one elastic yarn 8 or consists of and / or is formed from there.

[0096] In particular, within the scope of the present invention, all warp threads 3d or all weft threads 3e, preferably only all weft threads 3e, each have, in addition to the at least one elastic yarn 8, no other yarn different from it, and in particular no non-elastic yarn, or are free of a non-elastic yarn. With regard to the differentiated design of the elasticity, according to which the protective filter material 1 or 3e isIf the fabric 3c is elastic in only one direction, it can generally be provided according to the invention that the threads 3d or 3e of one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e', in particular the threads 3d or 3e of only one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e', preferably only the weft threads 3e of the weft thread system 3e', each have or consist of at least one elastic yarn 8 and / or are formed from it and / or are present as elastic threads each formed by at least one elastic yarn 8. In particular, all threads 3d or 3e of the respective thread system 3d' or 3e' can each be formed on the basis of an elastic yarn 8.

[0097] In this context, it is particularly provided according to the invention that the threads 3d or 3e of the other thread system 3d' or 3e', preferably the warp threads 3d of the warp thread system 3d', each do not contain any elastic yarn or are free of any elastic yarn. In particular, it is equally provided in this context that the threads 3e or 3d of the other thread system 3e' or 3d', preferably the warp threads 3d of the warp thread system 3d', are non-elastic. In particular, it is provided in this regard that the threads 3e or 3d of the other thread system 3e' or 3d', preferably the warp threads 3d of the warp thread system 3d', each contain at least one non-elastic yarn 9 or consist of or are formed from such yarn.Furthermore, in this context it may be provided in particular that the threads 3e or 3d of the other thread system 3e' or 3d', preferably the warp threads 3d of the warp thread system 3d', do not contain an elastic yarn or are free of an elastic yarn.

[0098] According to the invention, it is preferred that all threads 3d or 3e of one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e', in particular all threads 3d or 3e of only one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e', preferably only all weft threads 3e of the weft thread system 3e', each have at least one elastic yarn 8 or consist of or are formed from at least one elastic yarn 8 and / or are formed from at least one elastic yarn 8.

[0099] However, according to the invention, it can also be provided that at least 40%, in particular at least 60%, preferably at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, particularly preferably 100% of the threads 3d or 3e of one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e', in particular of the threads 3d or 3e of only one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e', preferably only of the weft threads 3e of the weft thread system 3e' (in other words: of the threads 3e of only the second thread system or only of the weft thread system 3e'), each comprise or consist of and / or are formed from at least one elastic yarn 8.In particular, according to the invention, it can also be provided that the threads 3d or 3e of one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e', in particular the threads 3d or 3e of only one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e', preferably only all weft threads 3e of the weft thread system 3e', have no further yarn other than the elastic yarn 8, in particular no non-elastic yarn and / or are free of a non-elastic yarn.

[0100] According to the invention, it can also be provided that every fourth, in particular every third, preferably every second, preferably every, of the threads 3d or 3e of one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e', in particular of the threads 3d or 3e of only one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e', preferably only of the weft threads 3e of the weft thread system 3e', each has at least one elastic yarn 8 or consists of and / or is formed from there.

[0101] According to the invention, the threads 3d or 3e of the other thread system 3d' or 3e', preferably only the warp threads 3d of the warp thread system 3d', each comprise at least one non-elastic yarn 9 or consist of and / or are formed from such yarn. This is also illustrated in Fig. 1. As a result, the fabric 3c or the protective filter material 1 is designed to be non-elastic overall in the corresponding direction in an optimized manner. Consequently, this further improves the anisotropic properties, in particular the transverse elastic properties (i.e., especially elastic properties in the weft direction or transverse to the warp threads 3d or the warp thread system 3d').

[0102] According to the invention, it has proven advantageous with regard to the elastic yarn 8 if the elastic yarn 8 is an elastic multi-component yarn (multi-component fiber), in particular an elastic sheath / core yarn (core / sheath yarn). In this context, it can be provided according to the invention, in particular, that the elastic yarn 8 is an elastic sheath / core yarn with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as the sheath material 8a. According to the invention, the sheath material 8a can comprise or consist of at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO).

[0103] Furthermore, according to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the elastic yarn 8 is an elastic sheath / core yarn with at least one chemical fiber material, in particular an elastic chemical fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR), as core material 8b.

[0104] According to the invention, the core material 8b can be a chemical fiber material, in particular an elastic chemical fiber material, preferably selected from the group consisting of polyurethane (PUR), in particular elastane (EL); polyesters, in particular polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT); and silicones; as well as combinations or mixtures thereof.

[0105] According to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the elastic yarn 8 is an elastic sheath / core yarn with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as the sheath material 8a, and that the core material 8b is a synthetic fiber material, in particular an elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably selected from the group consisting of polyurethane (PUR), in particular elastane (EL); polyesters, in particular polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT); and silicones; as well as combinations or mixtures thereof; preferably polyurethane (PUR); and / or

[0106] According to the invention, it has proven particularly advantageous with regard to the elastic yarn 8 if the elastic yarn 8 is an elastic multi-component yarn (multi-component fiber), in particular an elastic sheath / core yarn, preferably an elastic sheath / core yarn with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material 8a and / or, preferably, with at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular an elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR), as core material 8b. Furthermore, in this context, it is particularly preferred that the elastic yarn 8 is an elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material 8a and / or, preferably, with a core material 8b based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR) (CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), particularly preferably based on and / or in the form of elastane (EL) (CO / EL sheath / core yarn).In particular, an elastane of the Lycra® type can be used as core material 8a. Generally, polyester-based elastic synthetic fiber materials, especially polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), can also be used as elastic material 8a. Furthermore, silicones can also be used.

[0107] The elastic multi-component yarn or sheath / core yarn preferably used according to the invention is therefore in particular a yarn comprising or consisting of two components, namely based on a sheath material 8a on the one hand and a core material 8b on the other. The core or core material 8b is based or consists in particular of an elastic man-made fiber material or elastic synthetic material (core / sheath yarn). In particular, the core can be formed by a monofilament. Furthermore, the core can be based on or in the form of the particularly elastic man-made fiber material, specifically by a monofilament or single yarn based on or in the form of the particularly elastic man-made fiber material, preferably by a polyurethane monofilament or single yarn of polyurethane monofilament. The sheath material 8a comprises or consists of...preferably consists of a natural fiber material, such as cotton (CO), which is arranged around the core material 8b. According to the invention, with regard to the elastic yarn 8, animal natural fiber materials, such as wool, can also be used as the sheath material.

[0108] The elastic multi-component yarns or sheath / core yarns used within the scope of the present invention are characterized in particular by high and defined elasticity. Furthermore, the use of these special elastic multi-component yarns or sheath / core yarns as elastic yarn 8 in the fabric 3c is associated with excellent wearer-physiological properties, which are provided in particular by the natural fiber material as sheath material 8a. A good feel and high moisture absorption are also ensured. In addition, such yarns exhibit high material stability. For the special multi-component yarn used as elastic yarn 8, the following properties have proven particularly advantageous with regard to the development of differentiated elasticity within the scope of the present invention:

[0109] The core material 8b can contain the chemical fiber material, in particular elastic chemical fiber material, preferably polyurethane (PUR), in an amount of at least 75 wt.%, in particular at least 80 wt.%, preferably at least 85 wt.%, preferably at least 90 wt.%, particularly preferably at least 95 wt.%.

[0110] In particular, according to the invention, the core material 8b may consist of and / or be formed from the chemical fiber material, in particular elastic chemical fiber material, preferably polyurethane (PUR).

[0111] Furthermore, the elastic sheath / core yarn can have a weight ratio of sheath material 8a to core material 8b, in particular of natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), (as sheath material) to synthetic fiber material, preferably based on or in the form of polyurethane (PUR), (as core material 8b), in the range of (50 to 99) : (50 to 1 ), in particular in the range of (60 to 95) : (40 to 5 ), preferably in the range of (70 to 90) : (40 to 10).

[0112] Furthermore, the elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular with cotton (CO) as sheath material 8a and in particular with polyurethane (PUR) as core material 8b (in particular CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), can have a weight ratio of sheath material 8a to core material 8b (in particular CO / PUR weight ratio) in the range of (50 to 99) : (50 to 1), in particular in the range of (60 to 95) : (40 to 5), preferably in the range of (70 to 90) : (40 to 10).

[0113] The elastic sheath / core yarns used according to the invention are thus characterized by high and defined elasticity, even with small amounts or proportions of elastic core material 8b. According to the invention, it can be provided in this context, in particular, that the elastic sheath / core yarn, especially the elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material 8a and polyurethane (PUR) as core material 8b (CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), is designed as a single yarn. Furthermore, a twisted yarn can also be formed with respect to the sheath / core yarn, particularly with regard to the sheath of the sheath / core yarn.

[0114] Furthermore, according to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular the elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material 8a and polyurethane (PUR) as core material 8b (CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), has a titer (fineness or thickness) in the range of 25 dtex to 175 dtex, in particular in the range of 30 dtex to 150 dtex, preferably in the range of 50 dtex to 125 dtex. Furthermore, it may be provided that the core (core fiber) of the elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular the core (core fiber) of the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material 8a and polyurethane (PUR) as core material 8b (CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), has a titer (fineness or thickness) in the range of 20 dtex to 130 dtex, in particular in the range of 30 dtex to 120 dtex, preferably in the range of 35 dtex to 90 dtex.

[0115] According to the invention, with regard to the formation of a differentiated or defined elasticity, it is also advantageous if the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, in particular the warp threads 3d or the weft threads 3e, preferably the weft threads 3e, and / or in particular the threads 3d or 3e of one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e', comprises a single and / or uniform type of elastic yarn 8, in particular the elastic sheath / core yarn 8, preferably the elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material 8a and polyurethane (PUR) as core material 8b (CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), preferably with a uniform design of the sheath and / or the core and / or with a uniform titer.

[0116] According to the invention, with regard to the elastic yarn 8, animal natural fiber materials, such as wool, can also be used as sheath material 8a. Overall, based on the present invention, a defined elasticity can thus be specified for the fabric 3c used as a textile carrier layer 3 or for the ABC protective filter material 1 according to the invention, particularly in the form of transverse elastic properties, by using elastic yarns 8 in a targeted and purposeful manner.

[0117] The following section describes the non-elastic yarn 9 in more detail:

[0118] According to the present invention, the non-elastic yarn 9 can comprise or consist of at least one non-elastic fiber material, in particular a non-elastic natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO). The non-elastic yarn 9 can be designed as a cotton yarn (CO yarn). For example, the non-elastic yarn 9 can be designed as a non-elastic single yarn with or made of cotton (CO), in particular as a non-elastic natural fiber material.

[0119] In particular, the non-elastic yarn 9 can be a non-elastic single- or multi-component yarn (single- or multi-component fiber), in particular a non-elastic multi-component yarn, preferably a non-elastic sheath / core yarn (core / sheath yarn), preferably a non-elastic sheath / core yarn with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), (as sheath material 8a) and at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular a non-elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on or in the form of polyester (PES), (as core material 8b).

[0120] Furthermore, the non-elastic yarn 9 can be a non-elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as the sheath material and polyester (PES) as the core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn).

[0121] In this context, the non-elastic yarn 9, designed as a sheath / core yarn, is particularly such that it is a two-component yarn, namely based on a sheath on the one hand and a non-elastic core on the other. The core is based on or consists of a chemical fiber material or synthetic material, particularly in the form of a synthetic (continuous) thread. In particular, the core can be formed by a multifilament or monofilament, preferably a multifilament. In particular, the core can be formed by a polyester multifilament. The sheath material preferably comprises or consists of a natural fiber material, in particular cotton (CO), which is arranged around the core material. According to the invention, animal natural fiber materials, such as wool, can also be used as the sheath material for the non-elastic yarn 9.

[0122] The multi-component yarns or sheath / core yarns preferably used as non-elastic yarn 9 within the scope of the present invention are characterized, in addition to their underlying non-elasticity, by high mechanical resistance and resilience, with these properties being provided in particular by the core material. At the same time, the multi-component yarns or sheath / core yarns used for the non-elastic yarn 9 exhibit excellent wearer-physiological properties, namely a good feel and high moisture absorption, which is provided in particular by the sheath material. Polyester yarns, such as those available from KOSA GmbH & Co. KG, can be used as the core material.

[0123] For the non-elastic multi-component yarn used as non-elastic yarn 9, in particular non-elastic sheath / core yarn, it may be provided in particular that the core material contains the non-elastic chemical fiber material, in particular polyester (PES), in an amount of at least 75 wt.%, in particular at least 80 wt.%, preferably at least 85 wt.%, preferably at least 90 wt.%, particularly preferably at least 95 wt.% (in particular with regard to the core material 8a).

[0124] In particular, it may be provided that the core material 8b consists of and / or is formed from polyester (PES).

[0125] In particular, the non-elastic yarn 9, which is present as a non-elastic sheath / core yarn, may have a weight ratio of sheath material to core material, in particular of natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO) (as sheath material), to synthetic fiber material, in particular non-elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on or in the form of polyester (PES), as core material, in the range of (30 to 80) : (70 to 20), in particular in the range of (45 to 70) : (55 to 30), preferably in the range of (55 to 65) : (45 to 35).

[0126] Furthermore, the non-elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn) can have a weight ratio of sheath material to core material (CO / PES weight ratio) in the range of (30 to 80) : (70 to 20), in particular in the range of (45 to 70) : (55 to 30), preferably in the range of (55 to 65) : (45 to 35).

[0127] Furthermore, the non-elastic yarn 9, in particular the non-elastic single- or multi-component yarn, preferably the non-elastic sheath / core yarn, preferably the non-elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), can be designed as a single yarn.

[0128] In this context, the non-elastic single- or multi-component yarn, in particular the non-elastic sheath / core yarn, preferably the non-elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), can have a titer (fineness or thickness) in the range of 30 dtex to 150 dtex, in particular in the range of 45 dtex to 130 dtex, preferably in the range of 60 dtex to 110 dtex.

[0129] Furthermore, the core (core fiber) of the non-elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular the core (core fiber) of the non-elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), can have a titer (fineness or thickness) in the range of 25 dtex to 125 dtex, in particular in the range of 40 dtex to 110 dtex, preferably in the range of 50 dtex to 100 dtex.

[0130] In particular, the non-elastic yarn 9, especially the non-elastic single- or multi-component yarn, preferably the non-elastic sheath / core yarn, preferably the non-elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), can have a maximum tensile strength, preferably fineness-related maximum tensile strength, of at least 50 cN / tex, in particular at least 60 cN / tex, preferably at least 70 cN / tex, preferably at least 80 cN / tex, particularly preferably at least 90 cN / tex.

[0131] Preferably, the non-elastic yarn 9, in particular the non-elastic single- or multi-component yarn, preferably the non-elastic sheath / core yarn, preferably the non-elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), can have a maximum tensile strength, preferably a fineness-related maximum tensile strength, in the range of 50 cN / tex to 500 cN / tex, in particular in the range of 60 cN / tex to 400 cN / tex, preferably in the range of 70 cN / tex to 300 cN / tex, preferably in the range of 80 cN / tex to 250 cN / tex, particularly preferably in the range of 90 cN / tex to 250 cN / tex.

[0132] The maximum tensile strength can be determined in particular according to DIN 53 834-2:1979. Furthermore, according to the invention, it can also be provided for the non-elastic yarn 9 that a single or uniform type, in particular of the non-elastic sheath / core yarn, is used, especially of the non-elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as the sheath material and polyester (PES) as the core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), preferably with a uniform design of the sheath and / or core and / or with a uniform titer.

[0133] Regarding the use of a single or uniform type of non-elastic yarn 9 on the one hand and elastic yarn 8 on the other, a uniform appearance as well as uniform haptic and wear-physiological properties can be guaranteed on this basis.

[0134] According to one embodiment of the invention, it can be specifically provided that either the weft threads 3e or the warp threads 3d, preferably only the weft threads 3e, each comprise at least one elastic multi-component yarn (multi-component fiber), in particular an elastic sheath / core yarn 8, preferably an elastic sheath / core yarn 8 with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as the sheath material 8a and with at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular an elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR), as the core material 8b, in particular as defined above, or consist of and / or are formed thereof. In this context, it can be particularly provided that the other threads 3e or 3d, preferably only the warp threads 3d, each comprise at least one non-elastic yarn, or consist of and / or are formed thereof.

[0135] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the present invention, it can generally be provided that the threads 3d or 3e of one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e', in particular the threads 3d or 3e of only one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e', preferably only the weft threads 3e of the weft thread system 3e', each comprise or consist of at least one elastic multi-component yarn (multi-component fiber), in particular elastic sheath / core yarn 8, preferably sheath / core yarn 8 with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material 8a and with at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR), as core material 8b, in particular as defined above, or are formed from or consist of.In this context, the threads 3e or 3d of the other thread system 3d' or 3e', preferably only the warp threads 3d of the warp thread system 3d', can each have at least one non-elastic yarn or consist of and / or be formed from such a yarn.

[0136] As previously stated, the fabric 3c used as a carrier layer 3 or the protective filter material 1 according to the invention has overall defined elastic properties.

[0137] Within the scope of the present invention, the elasticity and / or elasticity, in particular of the carrier layer 3 and / or the fabric 3c and / or the protective filter material 1, can be determined as the total elongation, in particular according to DIN 53 835:1983 (Part 13), preferably with a force limit (force applied or measuring force) of 20 Newtons (20 N), in particular as the total elongation of the fabric 3c in the relevant direction, in particular in the warp and / or weft direction or in the direction of the relevant yarn system 3d' and / or 3e'. Furthermore, the total elongation can be calculated from the difference between the total change in length (total length) of the fabric 3c or the protective filter material 1 (in particular at a force limit (force applied or measuring force) of 20 Newtons (20 N)) and the initial length in relation to the initial length of the samples, wherein the relevant values ​​are given in particular as a percentage, based on the initial length.Reference can also be made to the explanations in particular in section 2.1 of DIN 53 835:1983 (part 13).

[0138] The fabric 3c underlying the protective filter material 1 according to the invention can in particular have the following elasticity properties:

[0139] The fabric 3c, with respect to the (warp) direction with the elastically designed warp threads 3d and / or with the elastic yarn 8, or with respect to the (weft) direction with the elastically designed weft threads 3e and / or with the elastic yarn 8, or preferably with respect to the (weft) direction with the elastically designed weft threads 3e and / or with the elastic yarn 8, can have a total elongation of at least 10%, in particular at least 15%, preferably at least 20%, preferably at least 25%.

[0140] Furthermore, the fabric 3c, with respect to the (warp) direction with the elastically formed warp threads 3d and / or with the elastic yarn 8 or with respect to the (weft) direction with the elastically formed weft threads 3e and / or with the elastic yarn 8, or preferably with respect to the (weft) direction with the elastically formed weft threads 3e and / or with the elastic yarn 8, can have a total elongation in the range of 10% to 75%, in particular in the range of 10% to 70%, preferably in the range of 10% to 65%, preferably in the range of 15% to 60%.

[0141] In general, the fabric 3c, with respect to the thread system 3d' or 3e' with the elastically designed threads 3d or 3e and / or with the elastic yarn 8, can have a total elongation of at least 10%, in particular at least 15%, preferably at least 20%, and more preferably at least 25%. In this context, the fabric 3c, in general, with respect to the thread system 3d' or 3e' with the elastically designed threads 3d or 3e and / or with the elastic yarn 8, can have a total elongation in the range of 10% to 75%, in particular in the range of 10% to 70%, preferably in the range of 10% to 65%, and more preferably in the range of 15% to 60%. The elastically designed thread system is in particular the thread system 3e' or the weft thread system 3e'. The elasticity properties listed for the thread system 3d' or 3e' refer in particular to the (longitudinal) direction of the threads 3d or 3e underlying the respective thread system.The thread system with the elastically designed threads or with the elastic yarn 8 is in particular the thread system 3e', preferably the weft thread system 3e'.

[0142] The aforementioned elasticity properties can be achieved or adjusted, in particular, by using at least one elastic yarn 8, especially as defined above. In this context, the elastic yarn 8 can exhibit elastic properties that enable the aforementioned elasticity properties of the fabric. In particular, the elastic threads or the elastic yarn 8 can be designed such that the aforementioned elasticity properties are obtained for the fabric 3c.

[0143] Furthermore, the fabric 3c, with respect to the (warp) direction without elastically formed warp threads 3d and / or with the non-elastic yarn 9 or with respect to the (weft) direction without elastically formed weft threads 3e and / or with the non-elastic yarn 9, preferably with respect to the (warp) direction without elastically formed warp threads 3d and / or with the non-elastic yarn 9, can have a total elongation of at most 12.5%, in particular at most 10%, preferably at most 7.5%, preferably at most 5%.

[0144] In this context, the fabric 3c, with respect to the (warp) direction without elastically formed warp threads 3d and / or with the non-elastic yarn 9, or with respect to the (weft) direction without elastically formed weft threads 3e and / or with the non-elastic yarn 9, preferably with respect to the (warp) direction without elastically formed warp threads 3d and / or with the non-elastic yarn 9, can exhibit a total elongation in the range of 1% to 12.5%, particularly in the range of 1.5% to 10%, preferably in the range of 2% to 7.5%, and more preferably in the range of 2.5% to 5%. The elasticity values ​​given here refer in particular to the (longitudinal) direction of the threads in the respective thread system 3d' or 3e'.

[0145] In general, the fabric 3c, with respect to the yarn system 3d' or 3e' without elastically formed yarns 3d or 3e and / or with the non-elastic yarn 9, can have a total elongation of at most 12.5%, in particular at most 10%, preferably at most 7.5%, and more preferably at most 5%. In this context, the fabric 3c, in general, with respect to the yarn system 3d' or 3e' without elastically formed yarns 3d or 3e and / or with the non-elastic yarn 9, can have a total elongation in the range of 1% to 12.5%, in particular in the range of 1.5% to 10%, preferably in the range of 2% to 7.5%, and more preferably in the range of 2.5% to 5%. The aforementioned thread system without elastic threads or with the non-elastic yarn is in particular the thread system 3d', preferably the warp thread system 3d' of the fabric 3c.

[0146] Furthermore, the protective filter material according to the invention also exhibits defined elasticity properties, as listed below: The protective filter material 1 can have a total elongation of at least 5%, in particular at least 7.5%, preferably at least 10%, preferably at least 15%, with respect to the (warp) direction of the fabric 3c with the elastically formed warp threads 3d and / or with the elastic yarn 8, or with respect to the (weft) direction of the fabric 3c with the elastically formed weft threads 3e and / or with the elastic yarn 8, preferably with respect to the (weft) direction of the fabric 3c with the elastically formed weft threads 3e and / or with the elastic yarn 8.In this context, the protective filter material 1, with respect to the (warp) direction of the fabric 3c with the elastically formed warp threads 3d and / or with the elastic yarn 8, or with respect to the (weft) direction of the fabric 3c with the elastically formed weft threads 3e and / or with the elastic yarn 8, preferably with respect to the (weft) direction of the fabric 3c with the elastically formed weft threads 3e and / or with the elastic yarn 8, can have a total elongation in the range of 5% to 65%, in particular in the range of 7.5% to 60%, preferably in the range of 10% to 55%, preferably in the range of 15% to 50%.

[0147] Furthermore, the protective filter material 1, with respect to the thread system 3d' or 3e' of the fabric 3c with the elastically shaped threads 3d or 3e and / or with the elastic yarn 8, can have a total elongation of at least 5%, in particular at least 7.5%, preferably at least 10%, and more preferably at least 15%. In this context, the protective filter material 1, with respect to the thread system 3d' or 3e' of the fabric 3c with the elastically shaped threads 3d or 3e and / or with the elastic yarn 8, can have a total elongation in the range of 5% to 65%, in particular in the range of 7.5% to 60%, preferably in the range of 10% to 55%, and more preferably in the range of 15% to 50%.

[0148] The thread system with the elastically formed threads or with the elastic yarn is in particular the thread system 3e', preferably the weft thread system 3e', of the fabric 3c.

[0149] Furthermore, according to the invention, the protective filter material 1 may have a total elongation of at most 4%, in particular at most 3%, preferably at most 2.5%, preferably at most 2%, with respect to the (warp) direction of the fabric 3c without elastically formed warp threads 3d and / or with the non-elastic yarn 9, or with respect to the (weft) direction of the fabric 3c without elastically formed weft threads 3e and / or with the non-elastic yarn 9, preferably with respect to the (warp) direction of the fabric 3c without elastically formed warp threads 3d and / or with the non-elastic yarn 8.

[0150] In this context, it may be provided in particular that the protective filter material 1, with respect to the (warp) direction of the fabric 3c without elastically formed warp threads 3d and / or with the non-elastic yarn 9 or with respect to the (weft) direction of the fabric 3c without elastically formed weft threads 3e and / or with the non-elastic yarn 9, preferably with respect to the (warp) direction of the fabric 3c without elastically formed warp threads 3d and / or with the non-elastic yarn 9, has a total elongation in the range of 0.5% to 4%, in particular in the range of 0.75% to 3%, preferably in the range of 1% to 2.5%, more preferably in the range of 1.5% to 2%.

[0151] In general, the protective filter material 1, with respect to the thread system 3d' or 3e' of the fabric 3c without elastic threads 3d or 3e and / or with the non-elastic yarn 9, can have a total elongation of at most 4%, in particular at most 3%, preferably at most 2.5%, and more preferably at most 2%. In this context, the protective filter material 1, in general, with respect to the thread system 3d' or 3e' of the fabric 3c without elastic threads 3d or 3e and / or with the non-elastic yarn 9, can have a total elongation in the range of 0.5% to 4%, in particular in the range of 0.75% to 3%, preferably in the range of 1% to 2.5%, and more preferably in the range of 1.5% to 2%.

[0152] Furthermore, the ratio of the elasticities in the respective directions of the fabric 3c or the protective filter material 1 is also of great importance. According to the invention, it can be provided, in particular, that the fabric 3c and / or the protective filter material 1 exhibits a ratio of the elasticity of the elastically designed yarn system 3d' or 3e, in particular the weft yarn system 3e' and / or in the (weft) direction, on the one hand, to the elasticity of the non-elastically designed yarn system 3d' or 3e, in particular the warp yarn system 3d' and / or in the (warp) direction, on the other hand, in the range of 1.25 to 130, in particular in the range of 2.5 to 80, preferably in the range of 4 to 55, more preferably in the range of 7.5 to 35. This results in equally improved application and manufacturing properties with regard to the protective filter material according to the invention.

[0153] Furthermore, the fabric 3c used or present as carrier layer 3 can also have the following properties:

[0154] The carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, can have a twill weave or plain weave and / or be formed as a twill weave or plain weave and / or be designed as a twill fabric or plain weave. According to the invention, it is particularly preferred that the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, has a twill weave and / or is formed as a twill weave and / or is designed as a twill fabric.

[0155] In general, the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, can thus have a plain weave and / or be designed as a plain weave and / or be designed as a plain fabric. In particular, the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, can have an L1 / 1 weave and / or be designed as an L1 / 1 weave. This allows for a particularly dense structure of the fabric 3c with a close interlacing of warp and weft threads. Likewise, this results in identical material sides for the fabric 3c.

[0156] In this context, it may be provided in particular that the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, has at least substantially no floats (floats), in particular no warp threads extending over and / or spanning at least two weft threads 3e, and / or in particular no weft threads extending over and / or spanning at least two warp threads 3d, and / or in particular no threads in any one of the thread systems 3d', 3e' which extend over and / or span at least two threads 3d, 3e of the other thread system 3d' or 3e'.

[0157] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention in this context, it can also be provided that the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, has a twill weave and / or is formed as a twill weave and / or is designed as a twill fabric. In particular, the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, can have a K2 / 1 weave, K3 / 1 weave, K4 / 1 weave, K2 / 2 weave or K3 / 2 weave; in particular a K2 / 1 weave, K3 / 1 weave or K4 / 1 weave, preferably a K2 / 1 weave. The design of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c as a twill (fabric) offers the advantages of high stability, high flexibility and improved tear resistance, especially compared to a plain weave.

[0158] Furthermore, the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, can have a number of warp threads and / or warp thread density (number and / or density of warp threads 3d) in the range of 5 warp threads / cm to 60 warp threads / cm, in particular in the range of 10 warp threads / cm to 50 warp threads / cm, preferably in the range of 20 warp threads / cm to 45 warp threads / cm, preferably in the range of 25 warp threads / cm to 40 warp threads / cm. In particular, the carrier layer 3, especially the fabric 3c, can have a weft thread count and / or weft thread density (number and / or density of weft threads 3e) in the range of 5 warp threads / cm to 60 warp threads / cm, especially in the range of 10 warp threads / cm to 50 warp threads / cm, preferably in the range of 20 warp threads / cm to 45 warp threads / cm, preferably in the range of 25 warp threads / cm to 40 weft threads / cm.

[0159] Furthermore, the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, can have at least substantially identical and / or equal values ​​for the number of warp threads and / or warp thread density on the one hand and the number of weft threads and / or weft thread density on the other. In addition, the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, can have a thread count and / or thread density, based on each of the thread systems 3d', 3e' and / or, in particular, independently of each other, in the range of 5 warp threads / cm to 60 warp threads / cm, in particular in the range of 10 warp threads / cm to 50 warp threads / cm, preferably in the range of 20 warp threads / cm to 45 warp threads / cm, and more preferably in the range of 25 warp threads / cm to 40 weft threads / cm.

[0160] Furthermore, the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, can have at least substantially identical and / or equal values ​​for the number of threads and / or thread density in one of the thread systems 3d', 3e' on the one hand and the number of threads and / or thread density in the other of the thread systems 3d', 3e' on the other. DIN EN 1049 Part 2 can be used in this regard.

[0161] The fabric used as carrier layer 3 is also characterized by an overall optimized basis weight. Low basis weights can be achieved for fabric 3c while maintaining the material's stability. In particular, high flexibility and pliability are also guaranteed, which further improves wearer comfort in the case of protective clothing.

[0162] In this context, the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, 2 2, can have a basis weight in the range of 40 g / m² to 250 g / m², particularly in the range of 50 g / m² to 200 g / m², preferably in the range of 60 g / m² to 150 g / m², and more preferably in the range of 70 g / m² to 120 g / m². The basis weight can be determined in particular according to DIN EN 12127:1997, preferably after 24 hours of air conditioning or at a temperature of 20°C ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 65% ± 4%.

[0163] The thickness, and in particular the cross-sectional thickness, of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c is also of corresponding importance with regard to its functional properties, for example, its flexibility, stability, and air permeability. In general, the carrier layer 3, and in particular the fabric 3c, can have a thickness, and in particular a cross-sectional thickness, in the range of 0.01 mm to 10 mm, particularly in the range of 0.05 mm to 5 mm, preferably in the range of 0.075 mm to 3 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.1 mm to 2 mm, and most preferably in the range of 0.15 mm to 1.5 mm. The thickness or cross-sectional thickness can be determined, in particular, according to DIN EN ISO 5084:1996.

[0164] Furthermore, the carrier layer 3, in particular the tissue 3c, can be a 2 1

[0165] Air permeability of at least 5 I ms, in particular at least 2 1 2 1

[0166] 10 I ms, preferably at least 50 I ms, preferably at least 100 1 ms , particularly preferably at least 200 1 ms , in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 9237:1995 and / or in particular determined at a differential pressure (flow resistance) of 100 Pascal.

[0167] In particular, the carrier layer 3, especially the tissue 3c, can be a 2 1 2 1

[0168] Air permeability in the range of 5 I ms to 2,500 I msm, 2 1 2 1 particularly in the range of 100 I ms to 2,250 I msm, preferably in 2 1 2 1

[0169] Range from 200 I ms to 2,000 I msm, preferably in the range of 2 1 2 1

[0170] 400 I ms to 1,800 1 msm, exhibit, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 9237:1995 and / or in particular determined at a differential pressure (flow resistance) of 100 Pascal.

[0171] For, in particular with regard to providing a high level of wearing comfort in the case of the use of the protective filter material 1 according to the invention for or as protective suits, as well as with regard to the properties for use in technical filter applications, it is specifically provided according to the invention that the protective filter material 1 as such, and thus also the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, is / are each gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and / or water vapor-permeable, preferably gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and water vapor-permeable, preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable.

[0172] According to the present invention, the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c may be subjected to a finishing and / or pretreatment. In this context, the applicant has surprisingly found that this can further improve the properties of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, particularly with regard to tear resistance. This also allows the defined elasticity properties to be specifically enhanced.

[0173] In particular, according to the invention, it can therefore be provided that the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, is refined and / or has a refinement, in particular wherein the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, has been subjected to a refinement treatment. Within the scope of the refinement, the following treatment steps may in particular have been carried out, either individually or in a corresponding combination (preferably in the following order):

[0174] - In particular, it may be provided that the carrier layer 3, especially the fabric 3c, is colored, in particular using at least one reactive dye and / or at least one disperse dye. The aforementioned dyes are associated with particularly good fixation on the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c and do not lead to a roughening of the material, so that the sliding properties of the warp threads 3d or weft threads 3e are maintained. Furthermore, metal complex dyes and / or acid dyes and / or pigments may also be used.

[0175] - According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, may also be surface-treated. The treatment may be carried out, for example, using at least one polyolefin, preferably polyethylene, and in particular using at least one polyolefin dispersion, preferably a polyethylene dispersion. The targeted treatment of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c of the aforementioned type also results in improved mechanical stability, since, for example, in the case of (further) tearing stress, it allows for better sliding of the threads or yarns in the fabric or a displacement within the fabric 3c, so that thread bundling can occur, which is equivalent to local mechanical reinforcement. In addition, the abrasion resistance is also increased. The processing within the scope of providing the protective filter material according to the invention is also facilitated.The protective clothing in question has been further improved, particularly with regard to its sewing properties. Furthermore, the surface finish of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c is enhanced by the aforementioned treatment in terms of feel. Specifically, this results in a softer and smoother surface. This, in turn, leads to improved gliding of the threads or yarns (warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e) during a tearing process or under tensile stress.

[0176] According to the invention, it can further be provided that the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, is pretreated and / or has been subjected to pretreatment, in particular before carrying out the finishing treatment, in particular as defined above.

[0177] - In this context, it may be necessary for the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, to be singed. This singeing may be carried out thermally. This ensures, in particular, that, for example, protruding fine fibers are removed. This measure also improves the sliding behavior of the yarns or threads (warp threads 3d or weft threads 3e) during a (further) tearing process.

[0178] Furthermore, according to the invention, the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, may be desizing. Desizing may be carried out enzymatically and / or using enzymes. This removes any previously existing sizing film or coating, which may consist of starch. Starch-degrading enzymes, such as amylases, may be used for this purpose.

[0179] Furthermore, particularly as part of the pretreatment, it may be necessary to bleach the carrier layer 3, especially the fabric 3c, particularly if the bleaching is carried out using at least one bleaching agent, especially sodium chlorite and / or hydrogen peroxide. This breaks down residues, such as hydrophobic plant residues, on the fiber, thereby increasing its hydrophilicity and improving dye uptake during dyeing (see above). In particular, this also allows for a uniform color to be achieved during subsequent finishing.

[0180] - In particular, it may also be provided that the carrier layer 3, especially the fabric 3c, is lye-treated and / or mercerized. In this regard, the lye treatment may have been carried out using at least one alkali, in particular sodium hydroxide.

[0181] The aforementioned pretreatment also ensures, in particular, an optimization of the finishing process, as previously described. The finishing and / or pretreatment measures according to the invention are directly reflected in the underlying carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, also with regard to improving the mechanical, optical, and haptic properties of the underlying material.

[0182] As detailed below, the present invention may also provide for a special application of adhesive or formation of the connection between the respective layers based on the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive"), insofar as the application of the adhesive 4 does not excessively restrict the thread or yarn mobility of the threads 3d, 3e forming the fabric 3c, or at least substantially preserves it compared to the fabric 3c as such (i.e., without adhesive application).

[0183] According to the invention, the bonding or joining of the fabric 3c to the protective layer 5 using the adhesive 4 is carried out in such a way that the thread or yarn mobility in the fabric 3c is maintained or not excessively restricted. As a result of this thread or yarn mobility, for example, in the event of (further) tearing stress, a bundling or further aggregation of threads can occur in the fabric 3c, which, in the sense of a "bundling effect" or "cable effect," leads to a mechanical stabilization of the fabric 3c and thus of the protective filter material 1 as a whole according to the invention. Regarding the bonding of the carrier layer 3 or...With regard to the adhesive 4 used and preferably applied discontinuously between the fabric 3c and the protective layer 5, the invention states that the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is present or formed in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots and / or in the form of a grid with a plurality of spaced-apart adhesive (polymer) dots. According to the invention, the adhesive 4 is therefore preferably applied discontinuously and in particular in a dot or grid pattern, or is present for bonding the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c and the protective layer 5 in the aforementioned manner, in particular so that the (adhesive) layer formed by the adhesive 4 or the corresponding adhesive polymer is also air-permeable. Furthermore, the adhesive coating or coating of the surfaces with the adhesive 4 can also be carried out by means of a squeegee or by means of squeegee application.Furthermore, the adhesive 4 can also be in the form of (adhesive) foam, in particular fractured (adhesive) foam. Adhesive webs or similar materials may also be used. The special application process also ensures high thread or yarn mobility within the fabric.

[0184] According to the invention, it has proven advantageous if the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") covers at most 75% of the surface of the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, and / or the protective layer 5, preferably at most 60% of the surface of the carrier layer 3 and / or the protective layer 5, particularly preferably at most 50% of the surface of the carrier layer 3 and / or the protective layer 5, and most particularly preferably at most 40% of the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, and / or the protective layer 5.

[0185] In particular, the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") can be applied in a quantity in the range of 10 g / m² 2 up to 100 g / m² 2 , especially in the range of 15 g / m² 2 up to 75 g / m² 2 , preferably in the range of 20 g / m² 2 up to 50 g / m² 2, be used and / or, in particular, be present as an adhesive polymer. The above application quantities refer in particular to the surface or main plane of extension of the carrier layer 3, especially the fabric 3c. Within the scope of the present invention, it is particularly provided that the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is designed and / or applied such that the yarn mobility, in particular of the warp threads 3d and / or the weft threads 3e and / or, in particular, the threads 3d, 3e, preferably the yarn displacement, in particular of the warp threads 3d and / or the weft threads 3e and / or, in particular, the threads 3d, 3e, preferably in the main plane of extension of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, especially under tensile stress, is at least substantially unaffected and / or restricted. This is accompanied, despite the bonding, by a still high yarn mobility, as mentioned above.

[0186] According to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is designed and / or applied such that at least a portion of the warp threads 3d are not bonded to adjacent warp threads 3d, at least section by section, and at least substantially so, in particular wherein the proportion of the unbonded warp threads 3d is at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, based on the total number of warp threads 3d. The term "section by section" refers in particular to at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30% of the total length of a respective warp thread 3d, and in particular with regard to the sum or total quantity of the unbonded sections.

[0187] Furthermore, according to the invention, the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") can be designed and / or applied such that at least a portion of the weft threads 3e is not bonded to adjacent weft threads 3e, at least section by section, and at least substantially so, in particular wherein the portion of the unbonded weft threads 3e is at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, based on the total number of weft threads 3e. The term "section by section" refers in particular to at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30% of the total length of a respective weft thread 3e, and in particular with regard to the sum or total length of the unbonded sections. In general, the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") can be designed and / or applied such that at least a portion of the weft threads 3e is not bonded to adjacent weft threads 3e, at least section by section, and at least substantially so, in particular wherein the portion of the unbonded weft threads 3e is at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%.The application shall be such that at least a part of the threads 3d, 3e is not bonded to adjacent threads 3d, 3e at least sectionally, in particular wherein the part of the unbonded threads 3d, 3e is at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, based on the total number of threads 3d, 3e.

[0188] Furthermore, according to the invention, it has also proven advantageous with regard to ensuring high mechanical stability or (further) tear resistance if at least part of the binding or crossing points of warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e and / or of the threads 3e, 3d is free of adhesive 4 and / or is not coated with adhesive 4 or is at most provided with adhesive with the proviso that the warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e and / or the threads 3e, 3d are at least substantially not glued together at the binding and / or crossing points.In this context, it can be provided in particular that at least 20%, in particular at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 50% of the binding and / or crossing points, based on the total number of binding and / or crossing points in the carrier layer 3, in particular fabric 3c, are free of adhesive 4 or are coated with adhesive 4, provided that the warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e and / or the threads 3e, 3d are at least substantially not bonded to each other at the binding and / or crossing points. According to the invention, this avoids the bonding or fixing of the respective threads 3d, 3e specifically at their binding or crossing points, which has proven to be particularly effective in ensuring continued high thread or yarn mobility.

[0189] In particular, according to the invention, the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") can be formed and / or applied in a dot-pattern and / or discontinuous dot-shaped and / or discontinuous and / or in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably with at least a substantially circular cross-section. The formation of the adhesive (polymer) dots with a circular cross-section refers in particular to a cross-section parallel to the main plane of extension of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c. The defined shape of the adhesive (polymer) dots further optimizes the adhesive bond between the fabric 3c and the protective layer 5, also with regard to providing a defined air permeability while avoiding excessive adhesion of the threads 3d, 3e forming the fabric 3c to each other.

[0190] In particular, the adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) can be in the form of, in particular, non-connected adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably non-connected and / or spaced apart and / or non-contacting adhesive (polymer) dots and / or be formed.

[0191] Furthermore, the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") can be in the form of a grid, in particular a regular grid, with a large number of adhesive (polymer) dots spaced apart from each other.

[0192] In particular, the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") can be electronically calculated and / or controlled and / or applied using a computer.

[0193] According to the invention, the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") can be applied using a stencil, in particular with a predetermined hole pattern and / or (hole) grid.

[0194] Regarding the application of the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") or the formation of the adhesive (polymer) layer, a circular stencil technology can be used, for example. In particular, stencils with a regular grid structure can be used to form a regular grid. In this respect, so-called CC stencils (Coating C / rcu / ar stencils) can be used in particular. For this purpose, corresponding grids can be calculated or computer-aided and formed, with the proviso that, based on the adhesive application, the thread or yarn mobility is still ensured with regard to guaranteeing high (continued) tear resistance. This also preserves the defined elasticity of the protective filter material according to the invention. In this context, the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") can also be applied by means of a stencil, in particular with an irregular pattern.In this regard, stencils with irregular patterns or so-called CP stencils ("computer dot stencils") can be used in particular. HD stencils, hexagonal stencils, or geometrically twisted hole stencils can also be used. According to the invention, it has proven particularly advantageous, with regard to ensuring high air permeability as well as further stabilization and maintaining high thread or yarn mobility in the fabric 3c, if the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is present or formed in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots.

[0195] In this context, it may be provided in particular that the diameter, especially the cross-sectional diameter, parallel to the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, of a respective adhesive (polymer) point is at most as large as, preferably smaller than, the diameter (thread or yarn diameter) of the warp thread 3d or weft thread 3e or thread 3d, 3e carrying and / or having the respective adhesive (polymer) point.

[0196] Furthermore, it may be provided that a respective adhesive (polymer) point, with reference to the perpendicular top view of the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, does not extend at least substantially over the longitudinal extension of the warp thread 3d and / or weft thread 3e carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) point, preferably does not extend at least substantially over the diameter (thread or yarn diameter) of the warp thread 3d and / or weft thread 3e carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) point.

[0197] In particular, it may be further provided in this context that a respective adhesive (polymer) point, with reference to the perpendicular top view of the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, is positioned at least substantially centrally on the respective warp thread 3d and / or weft thread 3e carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) point, preferably at least substantially centrally to the longitudinal axis, in particular axis of rotation, of the respective warp thread 3d and / or weft thread 3e or thread 3d, 3d carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) point.Furthermore, according to the invention, the penetration depth of the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive"), in particular in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots, into the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, is at most 50%, in particular at most 40%, preferably at most 30%, preferably at most 20%, based on the thickness, in particular cross-sectional thickness, of the carrier layer 3, in particular of the fabric 3c.

[0198] In particular, the adhesive application can be carried out such that, with respect to the carrier layer 3, especially the fabric 3c, the adhesive (polymer) dots based on the adhesive 4 are positioned, in a perpendicular top view of the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, at least substantially centrally on the binding or crossing points of the warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e or threads 3d, 3e. This ensures, in particular, that the adhesive (polymer) dots have no or only minimal contact with the underlying threads.

[0199] Furthermore, according to the invention, it may in particular be the case that the adhesive (polymer) dots based on the adhesive 4 are positioned substantially centrally on a respective warp thread 3d or a respective weft thread 3e, with reference to the perpendicular top view of the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c.

[0200] Furthermore, according to the invention it can be provided that the

[0201] Adhesive (polymer) dots based on adhesive 4 in thread or...

[0202] Yarn space in the warp thread system and / or weft thread system or in the respective thread systems of the textile carrier layer 3, in particular of the fabric 3c, are positioned.

[0203] As previously mentioned, the special bonding or application of the first adhesive 4 ensures, in particular, that the thread or yarn mobility of the warp threads 3d or weft threads 3e or threads 3d, 3e in the main plane of extension of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c is at least substantially unaffected, so that excellent tensile strength is also given for the present composite or the corresponding laminate, since the bundling or aggregation of the respective threads under tensile stress is still maintained. In particular, the inventive method prevents excessive penetration of the first adhesive into the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c. In addition, the application or presence of the first adhesive 4 at critical points (i.e., at points where the presence of an adhesive would lead to excessive fixation or tearing) is prevented.Blocking of threads 3d, 3e) is prevented or minimized. In particular, the adhesion or fixation of intersecting warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e, or threads 3d, 3e, especially at corresponding binding or crossing points in the fabric structure, is prevented or minimized. Furthermore, the present invention also prevents or minimizes the adhesion of adjacent warp threads 3d or threads 3d in the warp thread system, as well as of adjacent weft threads 3e or threads 3e in the weft thread system of the fabric 3c, so that the overall yarn mobility is maintained.

[0204] Furthermore, the defined elasticity of the protective filter material 1 according to the invention is also retained in connection with the preferred design of the elastic yarn 8 as a sheath / core yarn due to the special bonding, insofar as - without limiting oneself to or relying on this theory - the adhesive 4 is substantially in connection or in contact with the sheath (material) of the sheath / core yarn and thus the core or the core material of the sheath / core yarn is, so to speak, not bonded or blocked.

[0205] In this context, it is particularly provided according to the invention that, as mentioned above, the adhesive (polymer) dots present in the discontinuous adhesive application have a defined shape or a specific positioning on the fabric 3c. Furthermore, a defined total area-related quantity of the first adhesive 4 is applied, wherein the measures in question, both individually and synergistically, ensure high mechanical stability and tear resistance.

[0206] Based on the measures described in the invention, the adhesion of the warp threads 3d or weft threads 3e or threads 3d, 3e at so-called "critical points" (i.e., points detrimental to yarn mobility and thus to (further) tensile strength) can be prevented or minimized. The term "critical points" is to be understood in particular as meaning that adhesion or the application of adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") at such points leads to a reduction in yarn mobility and, in addition, possibly to an increase in the so-called yarn pull-out force, as a measure of the reduction in yarn mobility.

[0207] In this context, an excessive application of the adhesive at critical points, for example in the area of ​​connection or intersection points of the (warp) threads 3d and (weft) threads 3e, would lead to a direct adhesive bond between the respective threads, resulting in reduced yarn mobility and ultimately a reduction in tear resistance. This is because, in the event of tearing, the displacement or piling up of the yarns to form the "cable effect" or "bundle effect" would be reduced or prevented. The measures according to the invention thus counteract the formation of critical adhesive (polymer) points in this respect. Consequently, the defined elasticity of the protective filter material 1 according to the invention is maintained, even in conjunction with the preferred configuration of the elastic yarn 8 as a sheath / core yarn (see above).

[0208] According to the invention, it can also be provided that the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is, in particular, a reactive hot melt adhesive, especially a moisture-curing and / or radiation-curing adhesive, preferably a moisture-curing hot melt adhesive, preferably a reactive, in particular moisture-curing, polyurethane (PUR) hot melt adhesive, or is based thereon, in particular wherein the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is a one-component adhesive or is based thereon. According to the invention, a reactive hot melt adhesive based on PUR can, in particular, be used as the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive").

[0209] The method of applying the first adhesive 4 described above also has the particular advantage that the protective filter material 1 according to the invention can therefore be provided with high flexibility or pliability while maintaining high air and water vapor permeability and good haptic properties (e.g. soft feel).

[0210] According to the present invention, it can be provided in particular that the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is a particularly reactive hot melt adhesive, in particular a moisture-curing and / or radiation-curing adhesive, preferably a moisture-curing hot melt adhesive, preferably a reactive, in particular moisture-curing, polyurethane (PUR) hot melt adhesive, in particular wherein the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is a one-component adhesive.

[0211] In particular, a reactive hot melt adhesive based on polyurethane (PUR) can be used within the scope of the present invention. With the aforementioned adhesives, it is particularly advantageous that no further auxiliaries, such as hardeners or the like, are required. Furthermore, the aforementioned adhesives can be processed directly. With regard to the reactive hot melt adhesives mentioned above, it is also particularly advantageous that, during the adhesive application, an initial strength or bond formation of the adhesive occurs, particularly based on physical processes (such as cooling), followed by final curing, particularly based on chemical processes. Overall, the aforementioned adhesives exhibit excellent application and processing properties while simultaneously providing high bond strengths in the resulting protective filter material 1.Due to the excellent processing and application properties of the aforementioned adhesives, the application to the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c can be precisely and purposefully designed in such a way that the thread or yarn mobility is not significantly reduced, particularly in the event of (continued) tearing stress, as previously explained. Overall, with regard to the first adhesive 4, the type of adhesive selected and / or the method of application ensures, on the one hand, a strong and permanent bond between the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c and the protective layer 5, while simultaneously guaranteeing high (continued) tear resistance.

[0212] In particular, according to the invention, the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") may be present or formed in the protective filter material 1 in the form of an adhesive polymer. Furthermore, according to the invention, the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") may be present or formed in the protective filter material 1 as an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably based on or in the form of an adhesive polymer. Moreover, according to the invention, the protective layer 5 of the protective filter material 1 may also be characterized by the following properties.

[0213] In particular, according to the invention, it can behave such that the protective layer 5 has a (total) surface weight in the range of 5 g / m². 2 up to 600 g / m² 2 , especially in the range of 20 g / m² 2 up to 500 g / m² 2 , preferably in the range of 40 g / m²2 up to 450 g / m² 2 , preferably in the range of 50 g / m² 2 up to 400 g / m² 2 , particularly preferably in the range of 60 g / m² 2 up to 350 g / m² 2 exhibits, in particular determined according to DIN EN 12127:1997, preferably after 24 hours of air conditioning or at a temperature of 20°C ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 65% ± 4%

[0214] According to the invention, the protective layer 5 is generally designed to be gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and / or water vapor-permeable, preferably gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and water vapor-permeable, preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable.

[0215] The protective layer 5 serves in particular to provide further protection against harmful or toxic substances that come into contact with the protective filter material. In this respect, the protective layer 5 can be individually designed and tailored to the specific application or operational context, for example, with regard to providing adsorptive properties as well as aerosol or particle filtration properties. Adsorptive properties and particle or aerosol filter properties can be combined in the protective layer 5 through appropriate design, as described below.

[0216] As illustrated in particular in Figs. 2A and 4A, according to an embodiment of the invention, the protective layer 5 may comprise or consist of adsorber particles 5c, in particular a plurality of individual and / or discrete adsorber particles. In this context, it may be provided in particular that the adsorber particles 5c are arranged in a layer and / or form a layer (see Figs. 2A and 4A, respectively). In particular, the adsorber particles 5c may form or be arranged to form an adsorption layer with respect to the protective filter material 1 or the protective layer 5. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the adsorber particles 5c are activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon") or spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon").formed in this way. This results in particularly good protection against harmful or toxic substances, such as chemical warfare agents. Particulate adsorbents or spherical adsorbent particles 5c are particularly preferred, as they maintain the overall flexibility of the protective filter material 1 while simultaneously ensuring high protective performance. Furthermore, spherical adsorbent particles, such as spherical activated carbon particles, are particularly suitable for attachment by means of a spot-applied adhesive (in this case, the first adhesive 4), also with regard to ensuring high thread mobility under (continued) tearing stress.

[0217] As previously mentioned, the performance or specific protective performance against pollutants or toxins can be further increased or specifically adjusted by the targeted selection of the adsorbent particles 5c of the protective layer 5. Good results in this regard are also obtained based on the materials listed below. In particular, according to the invention, the adsorbent particles 5c of the protective layer 5 can be selected from the group of

[0218] (i) in particular particulate activated carbon and / or activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granular activated carbon particles (“granular carbon”) or spherical activated carbon particles (“spherical carbon”);

[0219] (ii) Zeolites, in particular natural and / or synthetic zeolites;

[0220] (iii) Molecular sieves, in particular zeolitic molecular sieves, synthetic molecular sieves and / or in particular synthetic molecular sieves based on carbon, oxides and / or glasses;

[0221] (iv) Metal oxide and / or metal particles;

[0222] (v) ion exchange resins, in particular polydisperse and / or monodisperse cation and / or anion exchangers, especially of the gel type and / or macroporous type;

[0223] (vi) inorganic oxides, in particular silicon dioxides, silica gels and / or aluminium oxides;

[0224] (vii) porous organic polymers and / or porous organic-inorganic hybrid polymers and / or metal-organic framework materials, in particular MOFs (Metal Organic Framework), COFs (Covalent Organic Framework), ZI Fs (Zeolite [midazolate] Framework), POMs (Polymer Organic Material) and / or OFCs;

[0225] (viii) mineral granules;

[0226] (ix) Clathrats; as well as

[0227] (x) mixtures and / or combinations thereof; wherein (i) is particularly preferred.

[0228] For the adsorbent particles 5c that can be used according to the invention, reference can also be made to the following explanations. Furthermore, for further details regarding the MOF materials that can be used in the same way according to the invention, reference can be made in particular to the international patent application WO 2009 / 096184 A1 and to the parallel German patent application DE 10 2008 005 218 A1, the respective disclosures of which are hereby fully incorporated by reference.

[0229] Adsorbers or adsorber particles 5c suitable according to the invention, in particular in the form of activated carbons as described below, are commercially available, e.g. from Blücher GmbH, Erkrath / Germany, or other commercial manufacturers and suppliers of activated carbon.

[0230] Adsorbers or adsorber particles 5c, particularly in the form of activated carbons, with the following properties and parameters, which can be used particularly preferably according to the invention, are described in particular in the following prior art documents: DE 20 2006 016 898 U1 , EP 1 918 022 and US 2008 / 0107589 A1 , WO 01 / 83688 (PCT / EP 01 / 04615) , WO 2011 / 003434 (PCT / EP 2009 / 007172) , WO 2008 / 110233 (PCT / EP 2008 / 000606) and WO 2013 / 068060 (PCT / EP 2012 / 003743).

[0231] Particularly good results are obtained when the adsorbent particles 5c, especially the activated carbon particles, are produced by carbonization and subsequent activation of a synthetic and / or non-natural-product-based particulate starting material, particularly based on organic polymer particles. This yields activated carbons with particularly well-defined adsorptive properties and a defined pore system structure.In this context, it is equally preferred according to the invention that the adsorbent particles 5c, in particular the activated carbon particles, are obtained from a particulate starting material based on organic polymers, in particular on the basis of sulfonated organic polymers, preferably on the basis of divinylbenzene-crosslinked polystyrene, preferably on the basis of styrene / divinylbenzene copolymers, in particular by carbonization and subsequent activation of the starting material, in particular wherein the content of divinylbenzene in the starting material is in the range of 1 wt.% to 20 wt.%, in particular 1 wt.% to 15 wt.%, preferably 1.5 wt.% to 12.5 wt.%, preferably 2 wt.% to 10 wt.%, based on the starting material.

[0232] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the adsorber particles 5c, in particular the activated carbon particles, are based on a polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC) and / or the adsorber particles 5c, in particular the activated carbon particles, are formed from a polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC). This results in particularly good adsorption performance with high mechanical stability of the underlying activated carbon particles.

[0233] The size of the adsorber particles 5c can also vary widely. However, according to the invention, it is preferred if adsorber particles 5c with the particle sizes listed below are used.

[0234] In particular, according to the invention, the adsorber particles 5c of the protective layer 5, especially the activated carbon particles, may have a particle size, particularly a particle diameter, in the range of 0.05 mm to 1.5 mm, particularly in the range of 0.075 mm to 0.75 mm, preferably in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.125 mm to 0.4 mm, and most preferably in the range of 0.15 mm to 0.35 mm, wherein at least 80 wt.%, particularly at least 90 wt.%, more preferably at least 95 wt.%, and more preferably at least 99 wt.% of the adsorber particles 5c, particularly the activated carbon particles, have particle sizes, particularly particle diameters, in the aforementioned ranges. The particle size may be determined in particular according to ASTM D2862.Furthermore, according to the invention, the adsorbent particles 5c of the protective layer 5, in particular the activated carbon particles, may have a mean particle size (D50), in particular a mean particle diameter (D50), in the range of 0.06 mm to 1.1 mm, particularly in the range of 0.09 mm to 0.9 mm, preferably in the range of 0.12 mm to 0.7 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.15 mm to 0.5 mm, and most preferably in the range of 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm. The determination of these dimensions may be carried out in accordance with ASTM D2862.

[0235] As previously explained, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the adsorber particles 5c of the protective layer 5 are activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in granular form ("granular carbon") or activated carbon particles in spherical form ("spherical carbon"), preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in spherical form.

[0236] In this regard, activated carbon can have a total pore volume, in particular a total pore volume according to Gurvich, in the range of 0.3 cm³. 3 / g up to 3.8 cm 3 / g, especially in the area of ​​0.4 cm 3 / g up to 3.5 cm 3 / g, preferably in the range of 0.5 cm 3 / g up to 3 cm 3 / g, particularly preferably in the range of 0.6 cm 3 / g up to 2.5 cm 3 / g, especially preferred in the area of ​​0.5 cm 3 / g up to 1.5 cm 3 / g, exhibit.

[0237] Furthermore, it can be provided that at least 65%, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 75%, preferably at least 80% of the total pore volume, in particular the total pore volume according to Gurvich, of the activated carbon is formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 50 nm, in particular by micro- and / or mesopores. In addition, 50% to 95%, in particular 60% to 90%, preferably 70% to 85% of the total pore volume, in particular the total pore volume according to Gurvich, of the activated carbon can be formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 50 nm, in particular by micro- and / or mesopores. Furthermore, it may be provided that 1% to 60%, in particular 5% to 50%, preferably 10% to 40%, preferably 15% to 35% of the total pore volume, in particular the total pore volume according to Gurvich, of the activated carbon is formed by pores with pore diameters of more than 2 nm, in particular by meso- and / or macropores.Furthermore, according to the invention, it can also be provided that the activated carbon has a pore volume formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 2 nm (i.e. < 2 nm), in particular micropore volumes according to Carbon Black, in the range of 0.05 cm. 3 / g up to 2.5 cm 3 / g, especially 0.15 cm 3 / g up to 2 cm 3 / g, preferably 0.3 cm 3 / g up to 1.5 cm 3 / g, in particular wherein 15% to 98%, more specifically 25% to 95%, preferably 35% to 90% of the total pore volume of the activated carbon is formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 2 nm, in particular by micropores. Furthermore, the activated carbon can have a specific BET surface area in the range of 600 m². 2 / g up to 4,000 m 2 / g, especially 800 m 2 / g up to 3,500 m 2 / g, preferably 1,000 m 2 / g up to 3,000 m 2 / g, especially preferred 1,200 m 2 / g up to 2,750 m 2 / g, especially preferred 1,300 m 2 / g up to 2,500 m 2 / g, exhibit.

[0238] Furthermore, activated carbon can create a surface area of ​​400 to 3,500 m² formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 2 nm, especially by micropores. 2 / g, especially 500 to 3,000 m 2 / g, preferably 600 to 2,500 m 2 / g, preferably 700 to 2,000 m 2 / g. Furthermore, the activated carbon can have a surface area formed by pores with pore diameters in the range of 2 nm to 50 nm, in particular by mesopores, in the range of 200 to 2,000 m² / g, in particular 300 to 1,900 m². 2 / g, preferably 400 to 1,800 m 2 / g, preferably 500 to 1,700 m 2 / g, exhibit.

[0239] In particular, the activated carbon can have a mean pore diameter in the range of 0.1 nm to 55 nm, especially 0.2 nm to 50 nm, preferably 0.5 nm to 45 nm, preferably 1 nm to 40 nm.

[0240] Regarding the determination of the total pore volume according to Gurvich, this is a measurement and determination method well known to those skilled in the art in this field. For further details concerning the determination of the total pore volume according to Gurvich, reference can be made, for example, to L. Gurvich (1915), J. Phys. Chem. Soc. Russ. 47, 805, and to S. Lowell et al., Characterization of Porous Solids and Powders: Surface Area Pore Size and Density, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Article Technology Series, pages 111 ff. In particular, the pore volume of activated carbon can be determined based on Gurvich's rule according to the formula Vp = W a / pi are determined, where W a the adsorbed amount of an underlying adsorbate and pi represents the density of the adsorbate used (see also formula (8.20) according to page 111, chapter 8.4.) by S. Lowell et al.).

[0241] The determination method according to Carbon Black is known to those skilled in the art, and for further details on the determination of the pore surface area and pore volume according to Carbon Black, reference can be made, for example, to RW Magee, Evaluation of the External Surface Area of ​​Carbon Black by Nitrogen Adsorption, Presented at the Meeting of the Rubber Division of the American Chem. Soc., October 1994, e.g., referenced in: Quantachrome Instruments, AUTOSORB-1, AS1 WinVersion 1.50, Operating Manual, OM, 05061, Quantachrome Instruments 2004, Florida, USA, pages 71 ff. In particular, the evaluation in this regard can be carried out using the t-plot method.

[0242] For further details on the determination of the BET surface area or on the BET method, reference can be made to the aforementioned ASTM D6556-04, as well as to Römpp Chemielexikon, 10th edition, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart / New York, keyword: "BET method", including the literature referenced therein, and to Winnacker-Küchler (3rd edition), Volume 7, pages 93 ff., as well as to Z. Anal. Chem. 238, pages 187 to 193 (1968).

[0243] Within the scope of the present invention, the term "micropores" refers to pores with pore diameters of less than 2 nm, whereas the term "mesopores" refers to pores with pore diameters in the range of 2 nm (i.e., 2 nm inclusive) to 50 nm inclusive, and the term "macropores" refers to pores with pore diameters of more than 50 nm (i.e., > 50 nm).

[0244] In general, according to the invention, it can be provided that the protective layer 5 or the protective filter material 1 contains the adsorber particles 5c, in particular the activated carbon particles, in an amount in the range of 5 g / m². 2 up to 450 g / m² 2 , especially 10 g / m² 2 up to 300 g / m² 2 , preferably 30 g / m² 2 up to 150 g / m² 2 The aforementioned information relates in particular to the dry weight of the adsorbent particles 5c used. In general, according to the invention, the adsorbent particles 5c are arranged or fixed on the carrier layer 3, in particular on the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 coated with adhesive 4, in particular by means of the adhesive 4 (see Fig. 2A or Fig. 4A).

[0245] According to one embodiment of the invention, the protective layer 5 may also comprise or consist of at least one fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material 5d, in particular in the form of an adsorptive sheet structure (adsorption sheet structure), preferably in the form of an activated carbon fiber sheet structure. Reference can be made in particular to Fig. 2B. In this context, the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material 5d may be in the form of activated carbon fibers and / or activated carbon filaments, preferably in the form of an activated carbon fiber sheet structure.

[0246] Furthermore, the adsorptive sheet structure (adsorption sheet structure), preferably an activated carbon fiber sheet structure, can have a thickness, in particular a cross-sectional thickness, in the range of 0.001 mm to 5 mm, particularly in the range of 0.005 mm to 3 mm, preferably in the range of 0.01 mm to 2 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.02 mm to 1 mm, and most preferably in the range of 0.04 mm to 0.75 mm. The thickness can be determined, in particular, according to DIN EN ISO 9073-2:1979. In particular, the adsorptive sheet structure (adsorption sheet structure), preferably an activated carbon fiber sheet structure, can have a basis weight of 50 to 250 g / m². 2 , especially 50 to 200 g / m² 2 , preferably 80 to 180 g / m² 2 , especially preferably 90 to 150 g / m² 2 , exhibit. The relevant values ​​refer in particular to the dry weight of the adsorptive surface structure.

[0247] Furthermore, the adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure), preferably an activated carbon fiber surface structure, can be a woven, knitted, crocheted, non-woven, or textile composite fabric, preferably a woven fabric, particularly made of activated carbon fibers. According to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the activated carbon fibers of the adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure), preferably an activated carbon fiber surface structure, consist of carbonized and activated cellulose or viscose and / or of carbonized or activated polyacrylonitrile, preferably of carbonized and activated polyacrylonitrile.

[0248] The production of activated carbon fiber sheet structures is described, for example, in WO-A-98 / 041678 and the resulting EP 0 966 558 B1 and DE 698 09 718 T2, or in WO-A-01 / 70372 and DE 196 47 366 A1. In general, the process involves passing a textile or adsorptive sheet structure made from a suitable carbonizable starting material (e.g., cellulose, viscose, cotton, polyacrylonitrile, etc.) through a carbonization and activation furnace.

[0249] According to the invention, the adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure) can have at least one support layer, preferably two. It can also be provided that the adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure) is arranged between support layers, in particular between two support layers. This can provide stabilization or mechanical protection for the adsorptive surface structure. It is particularly provided that the adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure) forms a bond, preferably a solid bond, and / or a laminate with the at least one support layer. Furthermore, the adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure) can be three-layered, in particular as a three-layer bond, preferably a solid bond, and / or as a three-layer laminate.

[0250] Furthermore, the adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure) can be arranged and / or fixed on the carrier layer 3, in particular on the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 which is coated with adhesive 4, in particular by means of the adhesive 4.

[0251] According to a further embodiment of the present invention, the protective layer 5 may likewise comprise or consist of at least one particle and / or aerosol filter layer (particle and / or aerosol filter) 5e, as illustrated in Fig. 3. In this context, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e may have a thickness, in particular cross-sectional thickness, in the range of 0.001 mm to 5 mm, particularly in the range of 0.005 mm to 3 mm, preferably in the range of 0.01 mm to 2 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.02 mm to 1 mm, and most preferably in the range of 0.04 mm to 0.75 mm, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 9073-2:1997.

[0252] The particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e can in particular be a 2 2

[0253] (Total) surface weight in the range of 5 g / m² to 200 g / m², especially in the 2 2 2

[0254] exhibiting a density in the range of 10 g / m³ to 150 g / m³, preferably in the range of 20 g / m³ to 100 g / m³, in particular determined according to DIN EN 12127:1997, preferably after 24 hours of air conditioning or at a temperature of 20°C ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 65% ± 4%.

[0255] In particular, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e may comprise or consist of textile fibers selected from the group consisting of polyurethane fibers, polyester fibers, polyolefin fibers and polyamide fibers; and mixtures and combinations thereof, especially polyurethane fibers.

[0256] In particular, according to the invention, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e may be a textile surface structure formed on the basis of and / or from textile fibers, in particular synthetic textile fibers, preferably polyurethane fibers, and / or comprising the aforementioned textile fibers, in particular a non-woven fabric or textile composite, preferably a non-woven fabric, with a plurality of pores or meshes, in particular pores, limited and / or formed by the textile fibers.

[0257] In particular, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e can have a mean pore size or mean mesh size, in particular a mean pore size, in the range of 0.05 pm to 100 pm, particularly in the range of 0.1 pm to 50 pm, preferably in the range of 0.2 pm to 20 pm, more preferably in the range of 0.3 pm to 10 pm, most preferably in the range of 0.4 pm to 5 pm, and more preferably in the range of 0.5 pm to 3 pm. The determination in this respect can be carried out according to ASTM F316-86. In this respect, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e can have a maximum pore size or maximum mesh size, in particular a maximum pore size, of up to 200 pm, particularly up to 100 pm, more preferably up to 50 pm, more preferably at most 20 pm, more preferably up to 10 pm, and more preferably up to 4 pm. In this respect, the determination can also be made in particular according to ASTM F316-86.

[0258] According to one embodiment of the invention, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e can be designed as a HEPA filter (High Efficiency Penetration or Particulate Air) or a ULPA filter (Ultra Low Penetration or Particulate Air). This provides a particularly high filter efficiency.

[0259] Furthermore, according to the present invention, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e may have at least one support layer, preferably two. Alternatively or additionally, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e is arranged between outer support layers, in particular between two outer support layers. This provides efficient stabilization of the particle or aerosol filter layer. According to the invention, it may be particularly possible for the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e to form a bond, preferably a solid bond, and / or a laminate with the at least one support layer.

[0260] Preferably, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e is also provided to be three-layered, in particular as a three-layer composite, preferably a solid composite, or as a three-layer laminate, and / or that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e is arranged and / or fixed on the carrier layer 3, in particular on the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 which is coated with adhesive 4, in particular by means of the adhesive 4.

[0261] Fig. 4A shows an embodiment of the invention, in which a combination of a particle or aerosol filter layer 5e with a layer of adsorbent particles 5c is realized with respect to the protective layer 5. Such a combination leads to further improved protective properties against pollutants and toxins. For this purpose, it can therefore be provided, as shown in Fig. 4A, that the protective layer 5 comprises at least one particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e, in particular as defined above, in combination with adsorbent particles 5c, in particular layered adsorbent particles 5c, in particular activated carbon spheres, and / or a layer forming

[0262] Adsorber particles 5c, in particular as defined above, comprise or consist of.

[0263] In this context, it may be provided in particular that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e forms a composite, preferably a solid composite, and / or a laminate with the adsorber particles 5c, in particular the layered adsorber particles 5c and / or the adsorber particles 5c forming a layer.

[0264] Similarly, according to the invention, it can be provided that the adsorber particles 5c are arranged and / or fixed on the carrier layer 3, in particular on the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 which is coated with adhesive 4, in particular by means of the adhesive 4.

[0265] Furthermore, within the scope of the present invention, it may be provided that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is arranged and / or fixed on the side of the adsorber particles 5c, in particular the layered adsorber particles 5c and / or the layer-forming adsorber particles 5c, facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 coated with adhesive 4. In particular, it may be provided that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e is arranged on the side of the protective layer 5 facing a pollutant source when in use or in the application state. In particular, it may be the case according to the invention that the adsorber particles 5c, in particular the layered adsorber particles 5c and / or the layer-forming adsorber particles 5c, are arranged on the side of the protective layer 5 facing away from a pollutant source when in use or in the application state.

[0266] As further shown in Fig. 4B, according to the invention it can also be the case that the protective layer 5 comprises both a particle or aerosol filter layer 5e and an adsorption filter material 5d, in particular activated carbon beads, arranged in a layered manner.

[0267] In this context, it may be provided that the protective layer 5 comprises or consists of at least one particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e, in particular as defined above, in combination with a fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material 5d, preferably in the form of an adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure or adsorption surface layer), in particular as defined above.

[0268] Furthermore, according to the invention, it can be provided that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e forms a composite, preferably a solid composite, and / or a laminate with the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material 5d, preferably in the form of an adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure).

[0269] Likewise, according to the invention, it can be provided that the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material 5d, preferably in the form of an adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure), is arranged and / or fixed on the carrier layer 3, in particular on the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 which is coated with adhesive 4, in particular by means of the adhesive 4.

[0270] In this context, according to the invention, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e can also be arranged and / or fixed on the side of the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material 5d, preferably in the form of an adsorptive sheet structure (adsorption sheet structure), facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 coated with adhesive 4. In particular, according to the invention, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e is arranged on the side of the protective layer 5 facing a pollutant source when in use or in the wear state. Likewise, according to the invention, the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material 5d, preferably in the form of an adsorptive sheet structure (adsorption sheet structure), can be arranged on the side of the protective layer 5 facing away from a pollutant source when in use or in the wear state.

[0271] As regards the protective layer 5 of the protective filter material 1 according to the invention, it can also comprise further components or layers, such as reinforcing layers or carrier layers, or the like. For example, the adsorber particles 5c, particularly in the form of activated carbon spheres, can be fixed to one or more textile carriers or carrier layers, which in turn are connected to the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c via the adhesive 4.In this respect as well, according to the invention, the formation and application of the first adhesive 4 is carried out in the manner described above, so that even for the embodiment using further carrier layers, in particular for the adsorber particles 5c, the yarn mobility is not affected as a result of the special adhesive selection and the special application, and thus a high (further) tear strength is still provided.

[0272] According to the invention, it can further be provided that the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive") is present and / or formed in the protective filter material 1 in the form of an adhesive polymer.

[0273] In particular, the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive") can be present and / or formed in the protective filter material 1 as an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable and / or preferably discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably based on an adhesive polymer. Furthermore, the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive") can be present in an amount in the range of 5 g / m². 2 up to 90 g / m² 2 , especially in the range of 10 g / m² 2 up to 70 g / m² 2 , preferably in the range of 15 g / m² 2 up to 45 g / m² 2 , be used and / or, in particular, exist as an adhesive polymer.

[0274] According to the invention, the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive") can also be formed and / or applied in a discontinuous, dot-like manner and / or in a non-continuous form and / or in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably with at least a substantially circular cross-section. The formation of the adhesive (polymer) dots with a circular cross-section refers in particular to a cross-section parallel to the main plane of extension of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c. Furthermore, the adhesive coating or the coating of the surfaces with the adhesive 7 can also be applied by means of a squeegee or by means of squeegee application. In addition, the adhesive 7 can also be formed or present as (adhesive) foam, in particular fractured (adhesive) foam. Furthermore, adhesive webs or the like can be used.

[0275] In particular, the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive") can be in the form of, in particular, non-contiguous adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably non-contiguous and / or spaced apart and / or non-contacting adhesive (polymer) dots. Likewise, the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive") can be in the form of an irregular pattern with a plurality of spaced-apart adhesive (polymer) dots.

[0276] Furthermore, the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive") can be applied using a stencil, particularly one with an irregular pattern. For this purpose, stencils with irregular patterns or so-called CP stencils ("computer dot stencils") can also be used.

[0277] According to the invention, it can generally be provided that the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive") is a particularly reactive hot melt adhesive, in particular a moisture-curing and / or radiation-curing adhesive, preferably a moisture-curing hot melt adhesive, preferably a reactive, in particular moisture-curing, polyurethane (PUR) hot melt adhesive, or is based thereon, in particular wherein the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive") is a one-component adhesive or is based thereon.

[0278] Furthermore, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e can be connected to the adsorber particles 5c and / or the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material 5d by means of an adhesive 10 ("third adhesive"), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded (see Fig. 4A and Fig. 4B as well as Fig. 6B).

[0279] As shown in Figures 4A and 4B, as well as in Figure 6B, a further adhesive 10 ("third adhesive") can be used to fix or bond the particle or aerosol filter layer 5e to the adsorber particles 5c (Figures 4A, 6B) or to the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption filter material 5d (Figure 4B). The adhesive 10 ("third adhesive") can be present or formed in the protective filter material 1 in the form of an adhesive polymer. In particular, the adhesive 10 ("third adhesive") can preferably be applied discontinuously, in a dot-like or non-continuous manner, or in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably with at least a substantially circular cross-section. Furthermore, the adhesive can also be applied by means of a squeegee or by applying the adhesive to the surfaces.Adhesive 10 can also be in the form of (adhesive) foam, in particular fractured (adhesive) foam. Furthermore, adhesive webs or the like may also be used. For further details regarding adhesive 10 ("third adhesive"), reference can also be made to the above descriptions of adhesive ? ("second adhesive"), which apply accordingly to adhesive 10 ("third adhesive").

[0280] Within the scope of the invention, the covering layer 6 can in particular have the following properties:

[0281] As regards the covering layer 6, this can be designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface structure, in particular as a knitted fabric, woven fabric, non-woven fabric or textile composite material, preferably non-woven, especially preferably as a non-woven.

[0282] According to the invention, the covering layer 6 can comprise or consist of a material, in particular a textile fiber material, preferably in the form of and / or as a component of threads and / or yarns, selected from the group consisting of man-made fiber materials and natural fiber materials, preferably man-made fiber materials, in particular selected from the group consisting of cotton (CO); wool; linen; polyesters; polyolefins; polyvinyl chloride; polyvinylidene chloride; acetates; triacetates; aramids, in particular meta- and / or para-amides; optionally modified and / or regenerated celluloses; polyacrylic; polyamide; polyvinyl alcohol; polyurethanes, in particular thermoplastic polyurethanes; polyvinyl esters; modified and / or regenerated celluloses, in particular viscose; and mixtures or combinations thereof; preferably polyurethanes, in particular thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPI).

[0283] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cover layer 6 may, in particular, comprise or consist of an elastic material, especially an elastic textile fiber material, preferably an elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably in the form of and / or as a component of threads and / or yarns selected from the group of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU). In particular, the cover layer (6) may comprise or consist of at least one thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), preferably in the form of and / or as a component of threads and / or yarns. This can further ensure or support the defined elasticity of the protective filter material 1.

[0284] Furthermore, the cover layer 6 can have a basis weight in the range of 5 g / m² to 2 g / m².

[0285] 150 g / m², particularly in the range of 10 g / m² to 140 g / m², preferably in the 2 2 2 2

[0286] The density should range from 15 g / m² to 130 g / m², preferably from 20 g / m² to 120 g / m².

[0287] Furthermore, the cover layer 6, particularly when the protective filter material 1 is used in a piece of NBC protective clothing, can be positioned, when worn or in use, on the side facing a source of contamination and / or on the side of the protective filter material 1 and / or the protective layer 5 facing away from the wearer and / or user of the NBC protective clothing. Additionally, the carrier layer 3, particularly the fabric 3c, can be positioned, particularly when the protective filter material 1 is used in a piece of NBC protective clothing, when worn or in use, on the side facing away from a source of contamination and / or on the side of the protective filter material 1 and / or the protective layer 5 facing the wearer and / or user of the NBC protective clothing.

[0288] According to the invention, the protective filter material 1 can further comprise an outer layer 11, in particular a textile layer (outer fabric), as illustrated in Figs. 6A and 6B. In this context, it can be provided, in particular, that the outer layer 11 is arranged on the side of the cover layer 6 facing away from the protective layer 5 or the carrier layer 3. In particular, in the case of protective clothing, the outer layer 11 can be arranged on the side facing away from a user (wearer) and / or on the side of the protective filter material 1 facing a source of pollutants ("outer layer"). In particular, the outer layer 11 can be arranged on the side of the cover layer 6 facing a source of pollutants or on the side of the cover layer 6 facing away from a user (wearer) (see also Figs. 6A and 6B).

[0289] According to the invention, the outer layer 11 and / or the cover layer 6, preferably the outer layer 11, particularly when the protective filter material 1 is used in an NBC protective garment, is arranged in the wearing or application state on the side facing a pollutant source and / or on the side of the protective filter material 1 facing away from a user (wearer) of the NBC protective garment. Against this background, it can also be provided according to the invention that the outer layer 11 and / or the cover layer 6, particularly the outer layer 11, is flame-retardant and / or flame-resistant and / or flame-resistant. These properties can be achieved, for example, by using a fire-resistant or flame-resistant material, for instance, as a component of a yarn or in the form of fire-resistant or flame-resistant coatings applied to the material.flame-resistant substances are provided, which is well known to the expert.

[0290] Furthermore, the outer layer 11 and / or the cover layer 6, in particular the outer layer 11, can be designed to be antistatic.

[0291] Furthermore, outer layer 11 and / or the cover layer 6, in particular outer layer 11, can have an oleophobic and / or hydrophobic finish or coating. This can, for example in the case of protective clothing, further improve the protective function against harmful or toxic substances, as these substances can essentially bead up or bead off the surface.

[0292] The aforementioned measures can, for example in the case of protective clothing, further improve the protective function against harmful or toxic substances, since harmful or toxic substances hitting the protective clothing can bead up or stopped at the surface, so to speak.

[0293] Within the scope of the present invention, it is particularly such that the outer layer 11 is present or designed as a gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, textile surface structure.

[0294] According to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the outer layer 11 is designed as a textile knit fabric, preferably as a knitted fabric (knitted fabric) or knitted fabric (knitted fabric), or in particular as a woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, fleece or textile composite material.

[0295] Within the scope of the present invention, it has proven advantageous if the outer layer 11 comprises or consists of a material, in particular a textile fiber material, preferably in the form of and / or as a component of threads and / or yarns, selected from the group consisting of man-made fiber materials and natural fiber materials, in particular selected from the group consisting of cotton (CO); wool; linen; polyesters; polyolefins; polyvinyl chloride; polyvinylidene chloride; acetates, in particular cellulose acetates; triacetates, in particular cellulose triacetates; aramids, in particular meta- and / or para-amides; optionally modified and / or regenerated celluloses; polyacrylic; polyamide; polyvinyl alcohol; polyurethanes; polyvinyl esters; modified and / or regenerated celluloses, in particular viscose; and mixtures or combinations thereof.

[0296] Furthermore, the outer layer 11 can have a basis weight in the range of 5 g / m². 2 up to 400 g / m² 2, especially in the range of 10 g / m² 2 up to 300 g / m² 2 , preferably in the range of 20 g / m² 2 up to 250 g / m² 2 , particularly preferably in the range of 30 g / m² 2 up to 175 g / m² 2 exhibit, in particular as determined according to DIN EN 12127:1997, preferably after 24 hours of air conditioning or at a temperature of 20°C ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 65% ± 4%. In general, the outer layer 11 can also have a basis weight in the range of 10 g / m². 2 up to 600 g / m² 2 Furthermore, the outer layer 11 can have a thickness, in particular cross-sectional thickness, in the range of 0.001 mm to 10 mm, particularly in the range of 0.01 mm to 8 mm, preferably in the range of 0.05 mm to 4 mm, preferably in the range of 0.075 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.1 mm to 2 mm, and more preferably in the range of 0.15 mm to 1 mm, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 5084:1996.

[0297] In particular, within the scope of the present invention, the protective filter material 1, especially the carrier layer 3, the layer formed by the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive"), the protective layer 5, the layer formed by the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive"), and the cover layer 6, are each air-permeable and water vapor-permeable. According to the invention, it is also specifically provided that the outer layer 11 and / or the layer formed by the adhesive 10 ("third adhesive") are air-permeable and water vapor-permeable. The protective filter material 1 according to the invention can be designed, in particular, as a composite, preferably a solid composite, or as a laminate, in particular an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable composite or laminate.

[0298] According to the invention, the outer layer 11 can be firmly connected (attached or fixed) to the further layers of the protective filter material 1, in particular the carrier layer 3, the protective layer 5 and / or the cover layer 6, only section by section, in particular linearly and / or at the edges, in particular by sewing, welding, stapling, gluing or the like, preferably sewing, and otherwise be arranged loosely and / or unconnected, in particular wherein the outer layer 11 rests on the further layered composite, in particular on the cover layer 6.

[0299] Within the scope of the present invention, it can also be provided that the outer layer 11 and the further layer assembly, in particular the layer assembly comprising the carrier layer 3, the protective layer 5 and / or the cover layer 6, of the protective filter material 1 are firmly connected (fastened, fixed) and / or made to adhere to one another at their contact surfaces, in particular at least substantially over the entire surface and / or at least substantially across the entire surface, in particular laminated, preferably at least substantially over the entire surface. In this context, the firm connection (fastening, fixing) and / or adhesion, in particular lamination, can be formed, for example, over the entire surface or across the entire contact area, but preferably discontinuously, more preferably pointwise and / or with interruptions.For this purpose, yet another adhesive ("fourth adhesive") can be used. In particular, the outer layer 11 is attached to the cover layer 6.

[0300] The protective filter material 1 according to the invention can in particular have the following specified sequence of layers: textile support layer 3, protective layer 5, optionally textile cover layer 6, optionally outer layer 11. In particular, a layer sequence according to support layer 3, protective layer 5 can be based on adsorber particles 5c (see Fig. 2A) or on a fibrous or filamentous adsorption material 5d (see Fig. 2B) and / or on a particle or aerosol filter layer 5e (see Fig. 3) and optionally cover layer 6 and optionally an outer layer 11. Furthermore, the protective filter material 1 can have a sequence of layers in the form of a carrier layer 3, adsorber particles 5 (see Fig. 4A) or fibrous or filamentous adsorption material 5d (see Fig. 4B) and particle or aerosol filter layer 5e, as well as optionally a cover layer 6 and optionally an outer layer 11.According to a further embodiment, a layer sequence consisting of carrier layer 3, protective layer 5 with adsorber particles 5c, cover layer 6 and outer layer 11 is also possible (see Fig. 6A). According to a further embodiment, a layer sequence consisting of carrier layer 3, protective layer 5 with adsorber particles 5c and particle or aerosol filter layer 5e, as well as cover layer 6 and outer layer 11, is also possible (see Fig. 6B).

[0301] The protective filter material 1 according to the invention can, in particular, have a (total) basis weight (especially determined as dry weight) in the range of 50 g / m² to 1,000 g / m², particularly in the range of 75 g / m² to 750 g / m², 2 preferably in the range of 100 g / m² to 500 g / m², more preferably in the range of 120 g / m² to 350 g / m², and most preferably in the range of 150 g / m² to 300 g / m². The basis weight can, in particular, be determined according to DIN EN 12127, preferably after 1 hour of drying at 105 °C.

[0302] Furthermore, the protective filter material 1 according to the invention can have a thickness, in particular total cross-sectional thickness, in the range of 0.1 mm to 15 mm, particularly in the range of 0.15 mm to 10 mm, preferably in the range of 0.2 mm to 6 mm, preferably in the range of 0.3 mm to 4 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.4 mm to 2 mm, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 5084.

[0303] According to the invention, the protective filter material 1 according to 2 1 of the invention can have an air permeability of at least 1 I ms, in particular 2 1 2 1 at least 2 I ms, preferably at least 5 I ms, preferably at least 7 I ms, particularly preferably at least 10 1 exhibits, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 9237:1995 and / or in particular determined at a differential pressure (flow resistance) of 100 Pascals. In this context, the protective filter material can have an air permeability in the range of 1 l / s to 2,000 l / s, in particular in the range of 2 l / s to 1,500 l / s, preferably in the range of 5 l / s to 1,250 l / s, preferably in the range of 7 l / s to 1,000 l / s, and particularly preferably in the range of 10 l / s.

[0304] 2.1 to 500 I ms, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 9237:1995 and / or in particular determined at a differential pressure (flow resistance) of 100 Pascals. The high air permeability results in excellent wearing comfort in the case of protective clothing, reducing the risk of heat build-up even under heavy physical exertion. Furthermore, good moisture exchange is possible. In the case of technical filter applications, high throughput rates of the medium to be purified, such as air, can also be achieved, along with high filter efficiency.

[0305] In particular, the protective filter material 1 according to the invention exhibits a barrier effect against harmful and / or toxic substances, especially chemical warfare agents, in particular bis[2-chloroethyl]sulfide (mustard gas, HD), determined according to method 2.2 of CRDEC-SP-84010, of at most 4 pg / cm². 2per 24 h, in particular a maximum of 3.5 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably no more than 3.0 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably no more than 2.5 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably not more than 2.25 pg / cm² 2 per 24 hours, preferably no more than 2 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably no more than 1.75 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h. In this regard, the use of adsorbent particles 5c, in particular activated carbon spheres, or an adsorption material 5d, in particular as defined above, may be provided.

[0306] Furthermore, the protective filter material 1 according to the invention can have a barrier effect against harmful and / or toxic substances, in particular chemical warfare agents, especially bis[2-chloroethyl]sulfide (mustard gas, HD), determined according to the laid drop diffusive flow test of at most 4 pg / cm². 2 per 24 h, in particular a maximum of 3.5 pg / cm² 2per 24 h, preferably no more than 3.0 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably no more than 2.5 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably not more than 2.25 pg / cm² 2 per 24 hours, preferably no more than 2 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably no more than 1.75 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, exhibit, in particular as cumulative breakthrough by gas chromatography (GC / FPD) after exposure to mustard gas for 24 h at a temperature of 23 °C and a relative humidity of no more than 5% RH, especially with a material sample area of ​​10 cm² 2The test involves applying 8 mustard gas drops (each drop volume = 1 pl) to the material, conducting the test in a test cell over a PE membrane (10 pm), with a flow rate of 100 ml / min under the material, a flow rate of 0.5 m / s over the material, and a flow rate of 0 cm / s through the material. In particular, the airflow under the material sample can be drawn through a wash bottle, for example, and the cumulative breakthrough is then measured using gas chromatography, as described above. The diffusion flow test simulates the diffusion of liquid chemical warfare agent through the underlying protective filter material without convection, thereby simulating the contact of the protective clothing with the skin, which is simulated by the PE membrane.

[0307] Furthermore, the protective filter material 1 according to the invention may have a separation efficiency of at least 80%, in particular at least 85%, preferably at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, in particular determined according to ISO 29463-3 at a pressure difference of 15 Pascals and / or at a flow velocity of 5 m / s and at a temperature of 23 °C ± 3 °C and with potassium chloride (KCl) as the test substance at a particle size in the range of 0.045 pm to 0.931 pm and with an aerosol concentration of < 3 mg / m³ 3 and in particular with a surface diameter (sample size) of the protective and / or filter material 1 of 150 mm and a test duration of 300 s. In this regard, a particle or aerosol filter layer 5e, in particular as defined above, may be provided.

[0308] The aforementioned values ​​regarding air permeability, barrier effect, and separation efficiency are achieved due to the high tensile strength and mechanical resistance, particularly tear resistance, especially after the application of tensile stress of at least 10 Newtons, in particular at least 15 Newtons, preferably at least 20 Newtons, and especially after repeated tensile stresses, for example, two, five, or ten repetitions. Regarding tensile stress, reference can be made in particular to DIN 53 835:1983 (Part 13).

[0309] According to the present aspect, the present invention also relates to an ABC protective filter material 1 (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular an ABC protective filter material 1 with high and / or improved elasticity in at least one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material 1 with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and with high and / or improved elasticity, preferably in the transverse direction, in particular an ABC protective filter material 1 as described above, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 is a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multilayered structure 2.in particular is formed from several interconnected layers (layers) 3, 4, 5, preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 comprises:,

[0310] (i) a textile carrier layer 3 with two opposite sides 3a, 3b, wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a is coated and / or provided with an adhesive 4, preferably applied discontinuously, and / or wherein an adhesive 4, preferably applied discontinuously, is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a,

[0311] (ii) a single-layer or multi-layer protective layer 5 with two opposing sides 5a, 5b and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer 5 is connected via one of its two sides 5a by means of the adhesive 4 to the textile carrier layer 3, in particular to the adhesive-coated and / or provided side 3a (“functional side”) of the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded,

[0312] (iii) optionally a cover layer 6, wherein the cover layer 6 is connected to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5 of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive 7 preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3; wherein the protective filter material 1 is characterized in that the textile carrier layer 3 is designed as a fabric 3c with a plurality of warp threads 3d and with a plurality of weft threads 3e; wherein the weft threads 3e are elastic (elastic weft threads) and / or wherein either the warp threads 3d or the weft threads 3e, preferably only the weft threads 3e,are elastically designed and / or are present as elastic threads and each have or consist of and / or are formed from at least one elastic yarn 8; and / or that the textile carrier layer 3 is designed as a fabric 3c with two thread systems 3d', 3e' each having or consisting of a plurality of threads 3d, 3e, wherein the threads 3d, 3e of one of the thread systems 3d', 3e' run at least substantially perpendicular to the threads 3d, 3e of the other thread system 3d', 3e', wherein the threads 3d or 3e of one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e', in particular only one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e', are elastically designed and / or are present as elastic threads and each have or consist of and / or are formed from at least one elastic yarn 8; and / or that the textile support layer 3 is designed as a fabric 3c, wherein the fabric 3c extends in one direction, in particular only in one direction,is elastically designed and / or wherein the fabric 3c has a higher elasticity in one direction of extension than in the other direction of extension and / or wherein the fabric 3c has different elasticities in the two directions of extension, wherein the threads running in the direction and / or parallel to the more elastic direction of extension are elastically designed and / or are elastic threads and each comprise or consist of and / or are formed from at least one elastic yarn 8. According to the present aspect, the present invention also relates to an ABC protective filter material 1 (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular an ABC protective filter material 1 with high and / or improved elasticity in at least one direction, preferably in the transverse direction.preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material 1 with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and with high and / or improved elasticity, preferably in the transverse direction, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multi-layered structure 2, in particular from several interconnected layers 3, 4, 5, preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 comprises:

[0313] (i) a textile carrier layer 3 with two opposite sides 3a, 3b, wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a is coated and / or provided with an adhesive 4, preferably applied discontinuously, and / or wherein an adhesive 4, preferably applied discontinuously, is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a,

[0314] (ii) a single-layer or multi-layer protective layer 5 with two opposing sides 5a, 5b and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer 5 is connected via one of its two sides 5a by means of the adhesive 4 to the textile carrier layer 3, in particular to the adhesive-coated and / or provided side 3a (“functional side”) of the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded,

[0315] (iii) optionally a cover layer 6, wherein the cover layer 6 is connected to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive 7 preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3; wherein the protective filter material 1 is characterized in that the textile carrier layer 3 is designed as a fabric 3c with a plurality of warp threads 3d and with a plurality of weft threads 3e; wherein the weft threads 3e are elastic (elastic weft threads) and / or wherein either the warp threads 3d or the weft threads 3e, preferably only the weft threads 3e,are elastically designed and / or are present as elastic threads and each has or consists of and / or is formed from at least one elastic yarn 8, wherein the elastic yarn (8) is an elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material (8a) and in particular with at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR) (in particular CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), preferably elastane (EL) (in particular CO / EL sheath / core yarn), as core material (8b); and / or that the textile support layer 3 is designed as a fabric 3c with two thread systems 3d', 3e' each comprising or consisting of a plurality of threads 3d, 3e, wherein the threads 3d, 3e of one of the thread systems 3d', 3e' run at least substantially perpendicular to the threads 3d, 3e of the other thread system 3d', 3e',wherein the threads 3d or 3e of one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e', in particular only one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e', are elastically designed and / or are present as elastic threads and each comprise or consist of and / or are formed from at least one elastic yarn 8, wherein the elastic yarn (8) is an elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material (8a) and in particular with at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR) (in particular CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), preferably elastane (EL) (in particular CO / EL sheath / core yarn), as core material (8b); and / or that the textile support layer 3 is designed as a fabric 3c, wherein the fabric 3c is oriented in one direction of extension, in particular in only one direction of extension,is elastically designed and / or wherein the fabric 3c has a higher elasticity in one direction of extension than in the other direction of extension and / or wherein the fabric 3c has different elasticities in the two directions of extension, wherein the threads running in the direction and / or parallel to the more elastic direction of extension are elastically designed and / or are present as elastic threads and each comprise or consist of and / or are formed from at least one elastic yarn 8, wherein the elastic yarn (8) is an elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material (8a) and in particular with at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular an elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR) (in particular CO / PUR sheath / core yarn),preferably elastane (EL) (especially CO / EL sheath / core yarn), as core material (8b).

[0316] According to the present aspect, the present invention further relates to an ABC protective filter material 1 (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular an ABC protective filter material 1 with high and / or improved elasticity in at least one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material 1 with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and with high and / or improved elasticity, preferably in the transverse direction, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 is a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multilayered structure 2, in particular consisting of several interconnected layers 3, 4, 5,preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material comprises:

[0317] (i) a textile carrier layer 3 with two opposite sides 3a, 3b, wherein one of its two sides ("functional side") 3a is coated and / or provided with an adhesive 4, preferably applied discontinuously, and / or wherein an adhesive 4, preferably applied discontinuously, is applied to one of its two sides ("functional side") 3a, (ii) a single-layer or multi-layer protective layer 5 with two opposite sides 5a, 5b and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer 5 is connected via one of its two sides 5a to the textile carrier layer 3, in particular to the adhesive-coated and / or provided side 3a ("functional side") of the carrier layer 3, by means of the adhesive 4,especially permanently and / or firmly attached, preferably glued,

[0318] (iii) optionally a cover layer 6, wherein the cover layer 6 is connected to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive 7 preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3; wherein the protective filter material 1 is characterized in that the textile carrier layer 3 is designed as a fabric 3c with a plurality of warp threads 3d and with a plurality of weft threads 3e; wherein the weft threads 3e are elastic (elastic weft threads) and / or wherein either the warp threads 3d or the weft threads 3e, preferably only the weft threads 3e,are elastically designed and / or are present as elastic threads and each has or consists of and / or is formed from at least one elastic yarn 8, wherein the elastic yarn 8 is an elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material 8a and with at least one elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR) (in particular CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), preferably elastane (EL) (in particular CO / EL sheath / core yarn), as core material 8b; and / or that the textile support layer 3 is designed as a fabric 3c with two thread systems 3d', 3e' each comprising or consisting of a plurality of threads 3d, 3e, wherein the threads 3d, 3e of one of the thread systems 3d', 3e' run at least substantially perpendicular to the threads 3d, 3e of the other thread system 3d', 3e', wherein the threads 3d or 3e of one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e',in particular only one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e' is elastically designed and / or is present as elastic threads and each has or consists of and / or is formed from at least one elastic yarn 8, wherein the elastic yarn 8 is an elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material 8a and in particular with at least one elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR) (in particular CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), preferably elastane (EL) (in particular CO / EL sheath / core yarn), as core material 8b; and / or that the textile carrier layer 3 is designed as a woven fabric 3c, wherein the woven fabric 3c is oriented in one direction of extension, in particular in only one direction of extension,is elastically designed and / or wherein the fabric 3c has a higher elasticity in one direction of extension than in the other direction of extension and / or wherein the fabric 3c has different elasticities in the two directions of extension, wherein the threads running in the direction and / or parallel to the more elastic direction of extension are elastically designed and / or are present as elastic threads and each comprise or consist of and / or are formed from at least one elastic yarn 8, wherein the elastic yarn 8 is an elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material 8a and in particular with at least one elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR) (in particular CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), preferably elastane (EL) (in particular CO / EL sheath / core yarn), as core material 8b.

[0319] According to the present aspect, the present invention further relates to an ABC protective filter material 1 (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular an ABC protective filter material 1 with high and / or improved elasticity in at least one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material 1 with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and with high and / or improved elasticity, preferably in the transverse direction, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 is a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multilayered structure 2, in particular consisting of several interconnected layers 3, 4, 5,preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material comprises:

[0320] (i) a textile carrier layer 3 with two opposite sides 3a, 3b, wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a is coated and / or provided with an adhesive 4, preferably applied discontinuously, and / or wherein an adhesive 4, preferably applied discontinuously, is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a,

[0321] (ii) a single-layer or multi-layer protective layer 5 with two opposing sides 5a, 5b and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer 5 is connected via one of its two sides 5a by means of the adhesive 4 to the textile carrier layer 3, in particular to the adhesive-coated and / or provided side 3a (“functional side”) of the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded,

[0322] (iii) optionally a cover layer 6, wherein the cover layer 6 is connected to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive 7 preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3; wherein the protective filter material 1 according to the invention is characterized in that the textile carrier layer 3 is designed as a fabric 3c with a plurality of warp threads 3d and with a plurality of weft threads 3e;wherein the weft threads 3e are elastically designed (elastic weft threads), preferably only the weft threads 3e are elastically designed and / or are present as elastic threads and each has or consists of and / or is formed from at least one elastic yarn 8, in particular wherein the elastic yarn (8) is an elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material (8a) and in particular with at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR) (in particular CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), preferably elastane (EL) (in particular CO / EL sheath / core yarn), as core material (8b);and wherein the warp threads 3d are non-elastic and each has at least one non-elastic yarn 9 or consists of and / or is formed from such yarn, in particular wherein the non-elastic yarn 9 is a non-elastic single- or multi-component yarn, in particular a non-elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn).

[0323] Likewise, according to the present aspect, the invention also relates to an ABC protective filter material 1 (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular an ABC protective filter material 1 with high and / or improved elasticity in at least one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material 1 with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and with high and / or improved elasticity, preferably in the transverse direction, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 is a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multilayered structure 2, in particular consisting of several interconnected layers 3, 4, 5,preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 comprises: (i) a textile carrier layer 3 with two opposite sides 3a, 3b, wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a is coated and / or provided with an adhesive 4, preferably applied discontinuously, and / or wherein an adhesive 4, preferably applied discontinuously, is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a.

[0324] (ii) a single-layer or multi-layer protective layer 5 with two opposing sides 5a, 5b and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer 5 is connected via one of its two sides 5a by means of the adhesive 4 to the textile carrier layer 3, in particular to the adhesive-coated and / or provided side 3a (“functional side”) of the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded,

[0325] (iii) optionally a cover layer 6, wherein the cover layer 6 is connected to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive 7 preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3; wherein the protective filter material 1 according to the invention is characterized in that the textile carrier layer 3 is designed as a fabric 3c with two thread systems 3d', 3e' each having or consisting of a plurality of threads 3d, 3e, wherein the threads 3d, 3e of one of the thread systems 3d', 3e' run at least substantially perpendicular to the threads 3d, 3e of the other thread system 3d', 3e', wherein the threads 3d or 3e of one of the thread systems 3d' or 3e',in particular only one of the yarn systems 3d' or 3e', preferably the weft yarns 3e of the weft yarn system 3e', is elastically designed and / or is present as elastic yarns and each has or consists of and / or is formed from at least one elastic yarn 8, in particular wherein the elastic yarn (8) is an elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material (8a) and in particular with at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR) (in particular CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), preferably elastane (EL) (in particular CO / EL sheath / core yarn), as core material (8b); and wherein the yarns 3e or 3d of the other yarn system 3e' or 3d', preferably the warp yarns 3d of the warp yarn system 3d',are designed to be non-elastic and each has at least one non-elastic yarn 9 or consists of and / or is formed from such yarn, in particular wherein the non-elastic yarn 9 is a non-elastic single- or multi-component yarn, in particular a non-elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as the sheath material and polyester (PES) as the core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn).

[0326] Furthermore, according to the present aspect, the invention also relates to an ABC protective filter material 1 (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular an ABC protective filter material 1 with high and / or improved elasticity in at least one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material 1 with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and with high and / or improved elasticity, preferably in the transverse direction, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 is a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multilayered structure 2, in particular consisting of several interconnected layers 3, 4, 5,preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material comprises:

[0327] (i) a textile carrier layer 3 with two opposite sides 3a, 3b, wherein one of its two sides ("functional side") 3a is coated and / or provided with an adhesive 4, preferably applied discontinuously, and / or wherein an adhesive 4, preferably applied discontinuously, is applied to one of its two sides ("functional side") 3a, (ii) a single-layer or multi-layer protective layer 5 with two opposite sides 5a, 5b and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer 5 is connected via one of its two sides 5a to the textile carrier layer 3, in particular to the adhesive-coated and / or provided side 3a ("functional side") of the carrier layer 3, by means of the adhesive 4,especially permanently and / or firmly attached, preferably glued,

[0328] (iii) optionally a cover layer 6, wherein the cover layer 6 is connected to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive 7 preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3; wherein the protective filter material 1 according to the invention is characterized in that the textile carrier layer 3 is designed as a fabric 3c, wherein the fabric 3c is elastic in one direction of extension, in particular in only one direction of extension, and / or wherein the fabric 3c has a higher elasticity in one direction of extension than in the other direction of extension, and / or wherein the fabric 3c has different elasticities in the two directions of extension.wherein the threads running in the direction and / or parallel to the elastically formed extension direction are elastically formed and / or are present as elastic threads and each comprise or consist of and / or are formed from at least one elastic yarn 8, in particular wherein the elastic yarn (8) is an elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material (8a) and in particular with at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR) (in particular CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), preferably elastane (EL) (in particular CO / EL sheath / core yarn), as core material (8b); and wherein the fabric 3c is non-elastic in the other extension direction,wherein the threads running in the direction and / or parallel to the non-elastic extension direction are non-elastic and each comprise or consist of and / or are formed from at least one non-elastic yarn 9, in particular wherein the non-elastic yarn 9 is a non-elastic single- or multi-component yarn, in particular a non-elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as the sheath material and polyester (PES) as the core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn).

[0329] A further object of the present invention according to a second aspect of the present invention is the use of elastically designed weft threads (elastic weft threads) and / or elastically designed warp threads (elastic warp threads) or elastically designed weft threads, preferably only elastically designed weft threads, in a textile carrier layer designed as a fabric with a plurality of warp threads and with a plurality of weft threads;and / or elastically formed threads (elastic threads) in a textile carrier layer designed as a woven fabric, wherein the fabric has or consists of two thread systems, each comprising or consisting of a plurality of threads, wherein the threads of one of the thread systems run at least substantially perpendicular to the threads of the other thread system, wherein the elastically formed threads are present and / or used in one of the thread systems, in particular in only one of the thread systems;and / or elastically formed threads (elastic threads) in a textile carrier layer designed as a woven fabric, wherein the elastically formed threads are present and / or used in such a way that the fabric is elastic in one direction of extension, in particular in only one direction of extension, and / or that the fabric has a higher elasticity in one direction of extension than in the other direction of extension, and / or that the fabric has different elasticities in the two directions of extension;for increasing and / or improving the elasticity and / or providing elasticity in at least one direction, in particular only one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, of an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material) comprising the carrier layer, in particular wherein the ABC protective filter material is used in a textile ABC protective garment, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular for increasing and / or improving the elasticity and / or providing elasticity in at least one direction, in particular only one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, of an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material comprising the carrier layer with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants.

[0330] In accordance with this aspect, the present invention also relates to the inventive method for increasing and / or improving the elasticity and / or providing elasticity in at least one direction, in particular in only one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, of an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material), in particular wherein the ABC protective filter material is used in a textile ABC protective garment, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular for increasing and / or improving the elasticity and / or providing elasticity in at least one direction, in particular in only one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, of an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants.wherein the ABC protective filter material has a textile carrier layer designed as a woven fabric, wherein the woven fabric has a plurality of warp threads and a plurality of weft threads, wherein the weft threads are elastically designed (elastic weft threads) and / or wherein either the warp threads (elastic warp threads) or the weft threads, preferably only the weft threads, are elastically designed and / or are designed and / or are present as elastic threads; and / or wherein the ABC protective filter material has a textile carrier layer designed as a woven fabric, wherein the woven fabric has two thread systems, each comprising or consisting of a plurality of threads, wherein the threads of one of the thread systems run at least substantially perpendicular to the threads of the other thread system, wherein the threads of one of the thread systems, in particular only one of the thread systems,are designed to be elastic and / or are designed and / or are made of elastic threads; and / or wherein the ABC protective filter material has a textile carrier layer designed as a woven fabric, wherein the fabric is designed to be elastic in one direction of extension, in particular in only one direction of extension, and / or wherein the fabric is designed such that the fabric has a higher elasticity in one direction of extension than in the other direction of extension, and / or that the fabric has different elasticities in the two directions of extension.

[0331] A further object of the present invention – according to a third aspect of the present invention – is the use, according to the invention, of a textile carrier layer designed as a fabric to increase and / or improve the elasticity and / or to provide elasticity in at least one direction, in particular in only one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, of an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material) comprising the carrier layer, in particular wherein the ABC protective filter material is used in a textile ABC protective garment, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular to increase and / or improve the elasticity and / or to provide elasticity in at least one direction, in particular in only one direction, preferably in the transverse direction.a textile ABC protective filter material comprising a carrier layer, air-permeable and water vapor-permeable, with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the fabric comprises a plurality of warp threads and a plurality of weft threads, wherein the weft threads are elastically designed (elastic weft threads) and / or wherein either the warp threads (elastic warp threads) or the weft threads, preferably only the weft threads, are elastically designed and / or are designed and / or are present as elastic threads; and / or wherein the fabric comprises two thread systems, each comprising or consisting of a plurality of threads, wherein the threads of one of the thread systems run at least substantially perpendicular to the threads of the other thread system, wherein the threads of one of the thread systems, in particular only one of the thread systems,are designed to be elastic and / or are designed and / or consist of elastic threads; and / or wherein the fabric is designed to be elastic in one direction of extension, in particular in only one direction of extension, and / or wherein the fabric is designed such that the fabric has a higher elasticity in one direction of extension than in the other direction of extension, and / or that the fabric has different elasticities in the two directions of extension.

[0332] In accordance with this aspect, the present invention also relates to the inventive method for increasing and / or improving the elasticity and / or providing elasticity in at least one direction, in particular in only one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, of an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material), in particular wherein the ABC protective filter material is used in a textile ABC protective garment, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular for increasing and / or improving the elasticity and / or providing elasticity in at least one direction, in particular in only one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, of an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants.wherein the ABC protective filter material is equipped with a textile carrier layer designed as a woven fabric, wherein the fabric has a plurality of warp threads and a plurality of weft threads, wherein the weft threads are elastic (elastic weft threads) and / or wherein either the warp threads (elastic warp threads) or the weft threads, preferably only the weft threads, are elastic and / or are designed and / or are present as elastic threads; and / or wherein the fabric has two thread systems, each comprising or consisting of a plurality of threads, wherein the threads of one of the thread systems run at least substantially perpendicular to the threads of the other thread system, wherein the threads of one of the thread systems, in particular only one of the thread systems, are elastic and / or are designed and / or are present as elastic threads; and / or wherein the fabric extends in a directionin particular, is elastic in only one direction of extension and / or wherein the fabric is designed such that the fabric has a higher elasticity in one direction of extension than in the other direction of extension and / or that the fabric has different elasticities in the two directions of extension.

[0333] According to the aforementioned second and third aspects of the present invention, it may in particular be provided that the ABC protective filter material is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multilayered structure, in particular consisting of several interconnected layers, preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii):

[0334] (i) a textile carrier layer formed as a woven fabric with two opposite sides, wherein one of its two sides ("functional side") is coated and / or provided with an adhesive, preferably applied discontinuously ("first adhesive"), and / or wherein an adhesive, preferably applied discontinuously, is applied to one of its two sides ("functional side"), (ii) a protective layer with two opposite sides and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or aerosol-filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer is connected via one of its two sides to the textile carrier layer, in particular to the side of the carrier layer coated and / or provided with adhesive ("functional side"), by means of the adhesive,especially permanently and / or firmly bonded, preferably glued,

[0335] (iii) optionally a textile cover layer, wherein the cover layer is connected to the protective layer, in particular to the side of the protective layer facing away from the carrier layer, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive applied preferably discontinuously to the protective layer, in particular to the side of the protective layer facing away from the carrier layer ("second adhesive").

[0336] Regarding the aforementioned second and third aspects of the present invention, reference can also be made to the explanations concerning the further aspects of the present invention, which apply accordingly to the aforementioned aspects.

[0337] A further object of the present invention – according to a fourth aspect of the present invention – is the use of an ABC protective filter material as defined above for the manufacture of protective equipment and / or protective articles of all kinds, in particular protective clothing, especially for the civilian or military sector, such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective footwear, protective socks, head protection clothing, or the like, and / or for the manufacture of protective covers of all kinds, preferably all the aforementioned protective materials and / or protective clothing items for ABC use and / or with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxins.

[0338] According to the present aspect, the present invention also relates to the use of an ABC protective filter material, as defined above, for the manufacture of filters and filter materials of all kinds, in particular for the removal of pollutants, odors and toxins of all kinds, preferably for the removal of chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxins, in particular from air and / or gas streams, such as ABC protective mask filters, odor filters, surface filters, air filters, in particular filters for room air purification, adsorbable carrier structures and filters for the medical field.

[0339] With regard to the present aspect, reference can also be made to the explanations concerning the other aspects of the present invention, which apply accordingly in this case.

[0340] Furthermore, according to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the protective equipment and / or protective articles of the invention also relate to filter materials of all kinds, in particular for the civil or military sector, especially protective clothing ("ABC or CBRN protective clothing"), such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective footwear, protective socks, head protection clothing and the like, as well as protective covers, preferably all the aforementioned protective equipment and / or protective articles for ABC use and / or with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxins, manufactured using an ABC protective filter material 1 as defined above, and / or comprising an ABC protective filter material 1 as defined above.

[0341] With regard to the present aspect, reference can also be made to the explanations concerning the other aspects of the present invention, which apply accordingly in this case.

[0342] The present invention further relates – according to a sixth aspect of the present invention – to filters and filter materials according to the invention (“ABC or CBRN filters” or “ABC or CBRN filter materials”) of all kinds, in particular for the removal of pollutants, odors and toxins of all kinds, preferably for the removal of chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxins, in particular from air and / or gas streams, such as protective mask filters, odor filters, surface filters, air filters, in particular filters for room air purification, adsorbable carrier structures and filters for the medical field, manufactured using an ABC protective filter material 1 as defined above, and / or comprising an ABC protective filter material 1 as defined above.

[0343] With regard to the present aspect, reference can also be made to the explanations concerning the other aspects of the present invention, which apply accordingly in this case.

[0344] Overall, the present invention provides a high-performance and highly efficient protective filter material 1, which exhibits defined elasticity, particularly in only one direction, preferably transversely, while simultaneously offering high protection against harmful and toxic substances and providing a high level of wearing comfort when used as or for protective clothing. Consequently, the protective filter material 1 according to the invention is suitable for numerous applications, as outlined above.

[0345] Further embodiments, modifications, variations, special features and advantages of the present invention are readily apparent and achievable for the person skilled in the art when reading the description, without the person skilled in the art having to leave the scope of the present invention.

[0346] The present invention is further illustrated by the following exemplary embodiments, which, however, are not intended to limit the present invention in any way.

[0347] EXAMPLES OF EXECUTION:

[0348] 1. General remarks on methods of determination and measurement

[0349] Within the scope of the present invention, the following methods of determination and measurement can in particular be used to characterize the protective filter material according to the invention or products manufactured on this basis, such as protective clothing (see also the above explanations): a) General test conditions

[0350] In general, to determine certain material properties of the protective filter material according to the invention or of other materials, the following procedure is followed: the materials or test specimens to be examined are stored or acclimatized under normal climate conditions, e.g., in a climate chamber for 24 hours before the start of the examination or testing. Subsequently, the textile tests are carried out at a temperature of T = 20 ± 2°C and a relative humidity of cp = 65 ± 4% (see DIN EN ISO 139:2011), for example, in a suitably climate-controlled environment or test chamber. b) Product feel (haptics) and visual assessment

[0351] To determine and evaluate the surface texture and feel of the textile surface of the materials under investigation, the subjective perception of an assessing test subject is used, without the use of any aids. c) Thread count

[0352] The number of threads per unit length can be determined in particular according to DIN EN 1049-Part 2 (see Method B - thread counter on a conditioned surface). d) Basis weight

[0353] The basis weight can be determined in particular according to DIN EN 12127. This can be done by taking five samples, distributed across the width of the fabric, from a conditioned textile surface using a cutting device, with each sample having a surface area of ​​100 cm². 2 The samples are weighed under conditioned or predetermined conditions on an area weight balance. e) Air permeability

[0354] This testing method involves measuring an airflow passing through a surface under specified conditions within a defined time. The test is performed in accordance with DIN EN ISO 9237. The conditioned textile surface is measured on a test area of ​​20 cm². 2 Measured at a differential pressure of 100 Pa, in particular on a TestTex Instruments testing device. The procedure involves performing the air permeability test five times across the entire width of the material. f) Protective function against harmful and toxic substances

[0355] The protective function of protective filter materials, particularly those according to the present invention, against harmful or toxic substances, especially chemical warfare agents, is characterized and determined based on method 2.2 of CRDEC-SP-84010 and with regard to bis[2-chloroethyl]sulfide (= mustard gas or HD). This method determines the barrier effect of a protective filter material or protective clothing against mustard gas, whereby the quality of the protective function or barrier effect increases with decreasing breakthrough values.

[0356] In particular, this determination method involves a so-called convective flow test with mustard gas; for this purpose, an airflow containing mustard gas is directed onto the test material at a constant flow resistance and a flow velocity of approximately 0.45 cm / s, and the area-related breakthrough quantity is determined after 24 hours (80% relative humidity; 32 °C; 10⁻¹ pl HD / 12.56 cm²). 2 )

[0357] According to the applicant's specifications, the barrier effect against mustard gas, determined according to method 2.2 of CRDEC-SP-84010, should be less than 4 pg / cm². 2 per 24 hours. g) Change in dimensions

[0358] This test procedure, based on DIN EN ISO 5077, allows for the determination of wash shrinkage values ​​in both longitudinal and transverse directions. The samples to be tested are first acclimatized under standard climatic conditions. Subsequently, a 500 mm measuring line is marked at three points in each direction using a water-insoluble marker. The samples are then washed according to DIN EN ISO 6330, program 4M (gentle wash at approximately 40 °C) with approximately 20 g of phosphate-free upholstery detergent on a Vebotech GmbH Wascator washing machine. After washing, the samples are tumble dried to cupboard dry and then acclimatized for at least 24 hours. The dimensional change can be determined in both the longitudinal and transverse directions using the following formula. to be calculated, where x0 is the initial measure and x t This represents the measurement taken after treatment. Material tests and properties.

[0359] This document presents investigations and properties of various protective filter materials and protective clothing manufactured from them. Specifically: a) The following describes the properties of NBC protective filter materials with regard to their protective function against hazardous and toxic substances.

[0360] (i) For this purpose, a first protective filter material M1 (according to the invention) in the form of a multilayer textile laminate is used. The protective filter material M1 has a textile carrier layer in the form of a woven fabric, wherein the woven fabric or the protective filter material is elastic in one direction. For this purpose, elastic threads made from an elastic yarn are used for the weft threads of the woven fabric. In contrast, non-elastic threads made from a non-elastic yarn are used for the warp threads of the woven fabric. The woven fabric or the resulting protective filter material is thus elastic in the weft direction or in the transverse direction (of the woven fabric) and non-elastic in the warp direction or in the longitudinal direction (of the woven fabric). The woven fabric used as the carrier layer has a basis weight of approximately 85 g / m². 2A spherical activated carbon is bonded to the fabric as an adsorption material to form the protective layer using an adhesive applied discontinuously or in spots. The spherical activated carbon used has an average particle diameter of approximately 0.3 mm. The amount of adsorption material applied per unit area is approximately 80 g / m². 2 A reactive hot-melt polyurethane (PUR) adhesive is used, with the adhesive applied in an area-related quantity of approximately 33 g / m². 2 On the side of the protective layer opposite the fabric or carrier layer, a thin cover layer in the form of a non-woven fabric overlay based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), with a basis weight of approximately 25 g / m², is applied using an adhesive applied in the same spot manner. 2 exhibits, applied.

[0361] (ii) A second protective filter material M2 (comparison) is provided using a fabric as a carrier layer, wherein the fabric consists exclusively of non-elastic threads based on a non-elastic yarn, i.e., both for the warp and weft threads. Accordingly, the fabric and the protective filter material as a whole exhibit non-elastic properties. The further structure of the protective filter material M2 corresponds to that of the protective filter material M1, as described above.

[0362] The previously described protective filter materials M1 and M2 are characterized with regard to their protective function against harmful or toxic substances, in particular chemical warfare agents, namely with regard to bis[2-chloroethyl]sulfide (mustard gas, HD), on the basis of method 2.2 of CRDEC-SP-84010, both before and after carrying out a tensile stress test.

[0363] Without tensile stress, samples of the protective filter materials M1 and M2 each exhibit very good values ​​regarding their protective function against pollutants and toxins. Both the first protective filter material M1 and the second protective filter material M2 demonstrate a barrier effect with a value of < 0.08 pg / cm². 2 every 24 hours.

[0364] Further samples of the protective filter materials M1 and M2 are first subjected to tensile stress in accordance with DIN 53 835:1983 (part 13) and with a uniform force limit, whereby the tensile stress is carried out in both the warp and weft directions of the respective materials or samples, with 50 stretching cycles being carried out for each of the corresponding directions.

[0365] While the protective filter material M1 exhibits a completely intact laminate structure even after tensile stress, partial delamination can be observed for the protective filter material M2. The samples of protective filter materials M1 and M2 subjected to tensile stress are also characterized with regard to their barrier effect against pollutants and toxins, as described above. For the protective filter material M1 according to the invention, an excellent barrier effect of < 0.08 pg / cm² is achieved even after tensile stress. 2 per 24 hours. In contrast, the protective filter material M2 can show an increased value of approximately 2.1 pg / cm² after tensile stress. 2per 24 hours. This illustrates that the protective filter material M1 according to the invention exhibits improved properties with regard to its protective function against harmful substances and toxins after tensile stress, while maintaining an intact laminate structure. b) Based on the protective filter material M1 according to the invention, protective clothing in the form of trousers (protective clothing S1, according to the invention) is manufactured. The protective suit is examined with regard to its mechanical stability and durability. For this purpose, the protective clothing is pulled over a machine with one trouser leg, which simulates a human leg with knee joint mobility. The trouser leg of the protective suit is subjected to 10,000 flexions ("knee bends") in the knee area by the machine. Subsequently, the protective clothing is visually examined in the knee area on the machine. In this respect, a good fit in the knee area is still present.In particular, there is no excessive wrinkling. Furthermore, upon further inspection, no delamination of the layer structure or layer composition of the protective clothing is observed.

[0366] Protective clothing in the form of trousers made from the protective filter material M2 (protective clothing S2, comparison) is manufactured and tested accordingly. After 10,000 flexions in the knee area, increased wrinkling and a reduced fit are observed. Furthermore, partial delamination is also observed in this area upon further inspection.

[0367] The protective clothing S1, based on the protective filter material M1, therefore exhibits overall improved properties compared to the protective clothing S2, based on the protective filter material M2. c) Furthermore, the manufacturing and assembly properties of various protective filter materials are determined, specifically with regard to the formation of the layer structure or layer composition of the respective protective filter materials.

[0368] (i) To produce a first protective filter material MA, a carrier layer or carrier material in the form of a generally non-elastic fabric (i.e., non-elastic fabric using non-elastic threads based on a non-elastic yarn in the weft and warp directions) is used.

[0369] (ii) For a second protective filter material MB, a fabric with transverse elasticity is used as the carrier layer or carrier material (i.e., a transversely elastic fabric with elastic threads only in the weft direction based on an elastic yarn).

[0370] (iii) For a third protective filter material MC, a carrier layer or carrier material in the form of a bi-elastic fabric is used (i.e., a bi-elastic fabric with elasticity in the weft and warp directions using respective elastic weft threads and elastic warp threads based on an elastic yarn).

[0371] For the production of the respective protective filter materials, the fabrics used as carrier layers are supplied as roll goods and transported automatically on existing industrial production facilities, first coated with adhesive, followed by coating with activated carbon, then with another adhesive, and finally with the application of a cover layer.

[0372] Regarding the production of the first protective filter material MA and the second protective filter material MB, the same production and processing speeds can be achieved for each material within the framework of industrial manufacturing, whereas the production and processing speed for the third protective filter material MC decreases by approximately 30% overall. In particular, the transport speed of the underlying fabric must be lower, as otherwise excessive stretching will result in impaired material handling and deterioration of the application and fixation of the respective components.

[0373] Furthermore, the manufacturing and processing properties of a fourth protective filter material, MD, are determined, using a knitted textile as the carrier layer or carrier material. This protective filter material also exhibits a lower manufacturing and processing speed compared to the first and second protective filter materials, MA and MB, which is approximately equivalent to that of the third protective filter material, MC.

[0374] The above explanations show that the present invention provides high-performance protective filter materials that exhibit excellent stability and manufacturing properties while maintaining defined elastic characteristics. Furthermore, they offer outstanding protection against harmful substances and toxins even after mechanical stress. In addition, ergonomic protective clothing can be manufactured based on the protective filter materials according to the invention. This clothing is also mechanically resistant and offers a high level of wearing comfort and good tactile properties. In the manufacture of the protective clothing or materials, the protective filter material is preferably provided or combined with an outer layer or fabric, which is preferably hydrophobic and / or oleophobic, and more preferably both hydrophobic and oleophobic.Reference numeral list.

[0375] 1 ABC protective filter material

[0376] 2. Multi-layered (multi-layered) structure of the protective filter material

[0377] 3 Carrier layer

[0378] 3a first side (“functional side”) of the carrier layer

[0379] 3b second side of the carrier layer

[0380] 3c tissue

[0381] 3D warp threads or (first) threads

[0382] 3D warp thread system (first) thread system

[0383] 3 weft threads or (second) threads

[0384] 3e' weft thread system or (second) thread system

[0385] 4 Adhesive ("first adhesive")

[0386] 5 protective layer

[0387] 5a first side of the protective layer

[0388] 5b second side of the protective layer

[0389] 5c Adsorber particles

[0390] 5d fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption filter material

[0391] 5e Particle and / or aerosol filter layer (particle and / or aerosol filter)

[0392] 6 Cover layer

[0393] 7 Adhesive ("second adhesive")

[0394] 8 elastic yarn

[0395] 8a Coating material

[0396] 8b Core material

[0397] 9 non-elastic yarn

[0398] 10 Adhesive ("third adhesive")

[0399] 11 Outer layer

Claims

Patent claims:

1. ABC protective filter material (1) (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) with high and / or improved elasticity in at least one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material (1) with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and with high and / or improved elasticity, preferably in the transverse direction, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multilayered structure (2), in particular consisting of several interconnected layers (3, 4, 5), preferably in the form of a laminate,wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) comprises:, (i) a textile carrier layer (3) with two opposite sides (3a, 3b), wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a) is coated and / or provided with an adhesive (4) preferably applied discontinuously and / or wherein an adhesive (4) preferably applied discontinuously is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a), (ii) a single-layer or multi-layer protective layer (5) with two opposite sides (5a, 5b) and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer (5) is connected via one of its two sides (5a) by means of the adhesive (4) to the textile carrier layer (3), in particular to the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) that is coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, (iii) optionally a cover layer (6), wherein the cover layer (6) is connected to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive (7) preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3); characterized in that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a fabric (3c) with a plurality of warp threads (3d) and with a plurality of weft threads (3e); wherein the weft threads (3e) are elastic (elastic weft threads) and / or wherein either the warp threads (3d) or the weft threads (3e), preferably only the weft threads (3e), are elastic and / or are elastic threads;and / or that the textile support layer (3) is designed as a fabric (3c) with two thread systems (3d', 3e') each comprising or consisting of a plurality of threads (3d, 3e), wherein the threads (3d, 3e) of one of the thread systems (3d', 3e') run at least substantially perpendicular to the threads (3d, 3e) of the other thread system (3d', 3e'), wherein the threads (3d or 3e) of one of the thread systems (3d' or 3e'), in particular only one of the thread systems (3d' or 3e'), are elastic and / or are elastic threads;and / or that the textile support layer (3) is designed as a fabric (3c), wherein the fabric (3c) is elastic in one direction of extension, in particular in only one direction of extension, and / or wherein the fabric (3c) has a higher elasticity in one direction of extension than in the other direction of extension, and / or wherein the fabric (3c) has different elasticities in the two directions of extension.

2. Protective filter material according to claim 1, wherein the protective filter material (1) is elastic only in one direction, in particular only in the transverse direction, and in particular wherein the protective filter material (1) is non-elastic in the other direction, in particular in the longitudinal direction; and / or wherein the weft threads (3e) have a greater elasticity than the warp threads (3d), or the warp threads (3d) have a greater elasticity than the weft threads (3e), preferably the weft threads (3e) have a greater elasticity than the warp threads (3d); and / or wherein the threads (3d or 3e) of one of the thread systems (3d' or 3e') have a greater elasticity than the threads (3e or 3d) of the other thread system (3e' or 3d').

3. ABC protective filter material (1) (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) with high and / or improved elasticity in at least one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material (1) with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and with high and / or improved elasticity, preferably in the transverse direction, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) is a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multilayered structure (2), in particular consisting of several interconnected layers (layers) (3, 4, 5),preferably in the form of a laminate, comprising the ABC protective filter material (1): (i) a textile carrier layer (3) with two opposite sides (3a, 3b), wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a) is coated and / or provided with an adhesive (4) preferably applied discontinuously and / or wherein one of its two sides (Functional side) (3a) a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive (4) is applied, (ii) a single-layer or multi-layer protective layer (5) with two opposite sides (5a, 5b) and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer (5) is connected via one of its two sides (5a) by means of the adhesive (4) to the textile carrier layer (3), in particular to the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) that is coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, (iii) optionally a cover layer (6), wherein the cover layer (6) is connected to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive (7) preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3); characterized in that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a fabric (3c) with a plurality of warp threads (3d) and with a plurality of weft threads (3e); wherein the weft threads (3e) have a greater elasticity than the warp threads (3d) or the warp threads (3d) have a greater elasticity than the weft threads (3e), preferably the weft threads (3e) have a greater elasticity than the warp threads (3d);and / or that the textile support layer (3) is designed as a fabric (3c) with two thread systems (3d', 3e') each having or consisting of a plurality of threads (3d, 3e), wherein the threads (3d, 3e) of one of the thread systems (3d', 3e') run at least substantially perpendicular to the threads (3d, 3e) of the other thread system (3d' or 3e'), wherein the threads (3d or 3e) of one of the thread systems (3d' or 3e') have a larger exhibit elasticity greater than the threads (3e or 3d) of the respective other thread system (3e' or 3d'); and / or that the textile support layer (3) is designed as a woven fabric (3c), wherein the woven fabric (3c) is elastic in one direction of extension, in particular in only one direction of extension, and / or wherein the woven fabric (3c) has a higher elasticity in one direction of extension than in the other direction of extension, and / or the woven fabric (3c) has different elasticities in the two directions of extension.

4. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein either the warp threads (3d) or the weft threads (3e), preferably only the weft threads (3e), each have or consist of and / or are formed from at least one elastic yarn (8) and / or wherein the elastic threads are each formed by at least one elastic yarn (8).

5. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the weft threads (3e) each have no non-elastic yarn and / or are free of a non-elastic yarn; and / or wherein the warp threads (3d) are non-elastic; and / or wherein the warp threads (3d) each have or consist of and / or are formed from at least one non-elastic yarn (9); and / or wherein the warp threads (3d) have no elastic yarn and / or are free of an elastic yarn.

6. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the weft threads (3e) each have or consist of and / or are formed from at least one elastic yarn (8) and / or wherein the elastic weft threads (3e) each consist of at least one elastic yarn (8) and wherein the warp threads (3d) are non-elastic and / or each have or consist of and / or are formed from a non-elastic yarn (9) and / or each have no elastic yarn and / or are free of an elastic yarn.

7. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein all warp threads (3d) or all weft threads (3e), in particular preferably only all weft threads (3e), each comprise or consist of and / or are formed from at least one elastic yarn (8) and / or are elastic threads formed from at least one elastic yarn (8); and / or wherein at least 40%, in particular at least 60%, preferably at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, particularly preferably 100% of the warp threads (3d) or the weft threads (3e), preferably only the weft threads, preferably the simply (single) drawn warp threads (3d), each comprise or consist of and / or are formed from at least one elastic yarn (8);and / or wherein all warp threads (3d) or all weft threads (3e), preferably only all weft threads (3e), each in addition to the at least one elastic yarn (8), do not have any other yarn different from it, in particular do not have any non-elastic yarn or are free of a non-elastic yarn.; 8. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the threads (3d or 3e) of one of the thread systems (3d' or 3e'), in particular the threads (3d or 3e) of only one of the thread systems (3d' or 3e'), preferably only the weft threads (3e) of the weft thread system (3e'), each have or consist of at least one elastic yarn (8) and / or are formed therefrom and / or are present as elastic threads formed by at least one elastic yarn (8).

9. Protective filter material according to claim 8, wherein the threads (3d or 3e) of the other thread system (3d' or 3e'), preferably the warp threads (3d) of the warp thread system (3d'), each do not contain an elastic yarn and / or are free of an elastic yarn; and / or wherein the threads (3e or 3d) of the other thread system (3e' or 3d'), preferably the warp threads (3d) of the warp thread system (3d'), are non-elastic; and / or wherein the threads (3e or 3d) of the other thread system (3e' or 3d'), preferably the warp threads (3d) of the warp thread system (3d'), each comprise or consist of and / or are formed from at least one non-elastic yarn (9); and / or wherein the threads (3e or 3d) of the other thread system (3e' or 3d'), preferably the warp threads (3d) of the warp thread system (3d'), do not comprise an elastic yarn and / or are free of an elastic yarn.

10. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein all threads (3d or 3e) of one of the thread systems (3d' or 3e'), in particular all threads (3d or 3e) of only one of the thread systems (3d' or 3e'), preferably only all weft threads (3e) of the weft thread system (3e'), each have or consist of at least one elastic yarn (8) and / or are formed therefrom and / or are present as elastic threads formed by at least one elastic yarn (8); and / or wherein at least 40%, in particular at least 60%, preferably at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, particularly preferably 100% of the threads (3d or 3e) of one of the thread systems (3d' or 3e'), in particular of the threads (3d or 3e) of only one of the thread systems (3d' or 3e'), preferably only of the weft threads (3e) of the weft thread system (3e'), each comprise or consist of and / or are formed from at least one elastic yarn (8);and / or wherein the threads (3d or 3e) of one of the thread systems (3d' or 3e'), in particular the threads (3d or 3e) of only one of the thread systems (3d' or 3e'), preferably only all weft threads (3e) of the weft thread system (3e'), have no other yarn besides the elastic yarn (8), in particular no non-elastic yarn and / or are free of a non-elastic yarn; in particular wherein the threads (3d or 3e) of the other thread system (3d' or 3e'), preferably only the warp threads (3d) of the warp thread system (3d'), each have at least one non-elastic yarn (9) or consist of and / or are formed from it.

11. Protective filter material according to any one of claims 4 to 10, wherein the elastic yarn (8) is an elastic multi-component yarn (multi-component fiber), in particular an elastic sheath / core yarn; and / or wherein the elastic yarn (8) is an elastic sheath / core yarn comprising at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as the sheath material (8a), in particular wherein the sheath material (8a) comprises or consists of at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO); and / or wherein the elastic yarn (8) is an elastic sheath / core yarn comprising at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular an elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR), as the core material (8b); and / or wherein the core material (8b) is a synthetic fiber material, in particular an elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably selected from the group consisting of polyurethane (PUR), in particular elastane (EL);polyesters, in particular polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT); and silicones; as well as combinations or mixtures thereof, preferably polyurethane (PUR); and / or wherein the elastic yarn (8) is an elastic sheath / core yarn comprising at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as the sheath material (8a) and wherein the core material (8b) is a synthetic fiber material, in particular an elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably selected from the group consisting of polyurethane (PUR), in particular elastane (EL); polyesters, in particular polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT); and silicones; as well as combinations or mixtures thereof; preferably polyurethane (PUR);and / or wherein the elastic yarn (8) is an elastic multi-component yarn (multi-component fiber), in particular an elastic sheath / core yarn, preferably an elastic sheath / core yarn with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material (8a) and / or, preferably, with at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular an elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR), as core material (8b); and / or; wherein the elastic yarn (8) is an elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material (8a) and / or, preferably, with a core material (8b) based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR) (CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), particularly preferably based on and / or in the form of elastane (EL) (CO / EL sheath / core yarn).

12. Protective filter material according to claim 11, wherein the core material (8b) contains the chemical fiber material, in particular elastic chemical fiber material, preferably polyurethane (PUR) in an amount of at least 75 wt.%, in particular at least 80 wt.%, preferably at least 85 wt.%, preferably at least 90 wt.%, particularly preferably at least 95 wt.%; and / or wherein the core material (8b) consists of and / or is formed from the chemical fiber material, in particular elastic chemical fiber material, preferably polyurethane (PUR).

13. Protective filter material according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the elastic sheath / core yarn has a weight ratio of sheath material (8a) to core material (8b), in particular of natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), (as sheath material (8a)) to synthetic fiber material, preferably based on or in the form of polyurethane (PUR), (as core material (8b)), in the range of (50 to 99) : (50 to 1), in particular in the range of (60 to 95) : (40 to 5), preferably in the range of (70 to 90) : (40 to 10); and / or wherein the elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular with cotton (CO) as sheath material (8a) and in particular with polyurethane (PUR) as core material (8b) (in particular CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), has a weight ratio of sheath material (8a) to core material (8b) (in particular CO / PUR weight ratio) in the range of (50 to 99) : (50 to 1), in particular in the range of (60 to 95) : (40 to 5), preferably in the range of (70 to 90) : (40 to 10).

14. Protective filter material according to one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular the elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material (8a) and polyurethane (PUR) as core material (8b) (CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), is formed as a single yarn.

15. Protective filter material according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular the elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material (8a) and polyurethane (PUR) as core material (8b) (CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), has a titer (fineness or thickness) in the range of 25 dtex to 175 dtex, in particular in the range of 30 dtex to 150 dtex, preferably in the range of 50 dtex to 125 dtex; and / or wherein the core (core fiber) of the elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular the core (core fiber) of the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material (8a) and polyurethane (PUR) as core material (8b) (CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), has a titer (fineness or thickness) in the range of 25 dtex to 175 dtex, in particular in the range of 30 dtex to 150 dtex, preferably in the range of 50 dtex to 125 dtex.thickness) in the range of 20 dtex to 130 dtex, in particular in the range of 30 dtex to 120 dtex, preferably in the range of 35 dtex to 90 dtex; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), in particular the warp threads (3d) or the weft threads (3e), preferably the weft threads (3e), and / or in particular the threads (3d or 3e) of one of the thread systems (3d' or 3e'), comprises a single and / or uniform type of elastic yarn (8), in particular the elastic sheath / core yarn (8), preferably the elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material (8a) and polyurethane (PUR) as core material (8b) (CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), preferably with a uniform structure of the sheath and / or the core and / or with a uniform titer.

16. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the non-elastic yarn (9) comprises or consists of at least one non-elastic fiber material, in particular non-elastic natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), and / or wherein the non-elastic yarn (9) is designed as a cotton yarn (CO yarn).

17. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the non-elastic yarn (9) is a non-elastic single- or multi-component yarn (single- or multi-component fiber), in particular a non-elastic multi-component yarn, preferably a non-elastic sheath / core yarn, preferably a non-elastic sheath / core yarn with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), (as sheath material 8a) and at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular a non-elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on or in the form of polyester (PES), (as core material 8b); and / or wherein the non-elastic yarn (9) is a non-elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn).

18. Protective filter material according to claim 17, wherein the core material contains the non-elastic synthetic fiber material, in particular polyester (PES), in an amount of at least 75 wt.%, in particular at least 80 wt.%, preferably at least 85 wt.%, more preferably at least 90 wt.%, and most preferably at least 95 wt.%; and / or wherein the core material (8b) consists of and / or is formed from polyester (PES), wherein the non-elastic sheath / core yarn has a weight ratio of sheath material to core material, in particular of natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO) (as sheath material), to synthetic fiber material, in particular non-elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on or in the form of polyester (PES), as core material, in the range of (30 to 80) : (70 to 20), in particular in the range of (45 to 70) : (55 to 30), more preferably in the range of (55 to 65) : (45 to 35); and / or wherein the non-elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn) has a weight ratio of sheath material to core material (CO / PES weight ratio) in the range of (30 to 80) : (70 to 20), in particular in the range of (45 to 70) : (55 to 30), preferably in the range of (55 to 65) : (45 to 35).

19. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the non-elastic yarn (9), in particular the non-elastic single- or multi-component yarn, in particular the non-elastic sheath / core yarn, preferably the non-elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), has a titer (fineness or thickness) in the range of 30 dtex to 150 dtex, in particular in the range of 45 dtex to 130 dtex, preferably in the range of 60 dtex to 110 dtex; and / or wherein the core (core fiber) of the non-elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular the core (core fiber) of the non-elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), has a titer (fineness or thickness) in the range of 25 dtex to 125 dtex, in particular in the range of 40 dtex to 110 dtex, preferably in the range of 50 dtex to 100 dtex.

20. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the non-elastic yarn (9), in particular the non-elastic single- or multi-component yarn, preferably the non-elastic sheath / core yarn, preferably the non-elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), has a maximum tensile strength, preferably fineness-related maximum tensile strength, of at least 50 cN / tex, in particular at least 60 cN / tex, preferably at least 70 cN / tex, preferably at least 80 cN / tex, particularly preferably at least 90 cN / tex; and / or wherein the non-elastic yarn (9), in particular the non-elastic single- or multi-component yarn, preferably the non-elastic sheath / core yarn, preferably the non-elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core- yarn), has a maximum tensile strength, preferably a fineness-related maximum tensile strength, in the range of 50 cN / tex to 500 cN / tex, in particular in the range of 60 cN / tex to 400 cN / tex, preferably in the range of 70 cN / tex to 300 cN / tex, preferably in the range of 80 cN / tex to 250 cN / tex, particularly preferably in the range of 90 cN / tex to 250 cN / tex.

21. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein either the weft threads (3e) or the warp threads (3d), preferably only the weft threads (3e), each comprise at least one elastic multi-component yarn (multi-component fiber), in particular elastic sheath / core yarn (8), preferably elastic sheath / core yarn (8) with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material (8a) and with at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR), as core material (8b), in particular as defined in one of claims 11 to 15, or consist thereof and / or are formed thereof, in particular wherein the other threads (3e or 3d), preferably only the warp threads (3d), each comprise at least one non-elastic yarn or consist thereof and / or are formed thereof.

22. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the threads (3d or 3e) of one of the thread systems (3d' or 3e'), in particular the threads (3d or 3e) of only one of the thread systems (3d' or 3e'), preferably only the weft threads (3e) of the weft thread system (3e'), each comprise at least one elastic multi-component yarn (multi-component fiber), in particular elastic sheath / core yarn (8), preferably sheath / core yarn (8) with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material (8a) and with at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR), as core material (8b), in particular as defined in one of claims 11 to 15, or consist of and / or are formed thereof, in particular wherein the threads (3e or 3d) of the other thread system (3d' or 3e'), preferably only the warp threads (3d) of the warp thread system (3d'), each comprise or consist of and / or are formed from at least one non-elastic yarn.

23. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the elastic design and / or elasticity, in particular of the carrier layer (3) and / or the fabric (3c) and / or the protective filter material (1), is determined as total elongation, in particular according to DIN 53 835:1983 (Part 13), preferably with a force limit (force stress or measuring force) of 20 Newtons (20 N), in particular as total elongation of the fabric (3c) in the relevant direction, in particular in the warp and / or weft direction or in the direction of the relevant thread system (3d' and / or 3e').

24. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fabric (3c) is formed with the elastically shaped warp threads (3d) and / or with the elastic yarn (8) in relation to the (warp) direction or with the elastically shaped weft threads (3e) and / or with the elastic yarn (8), or preferably with respect to the (weft) direction with the elastically formed weft threads (3e) and / or with the elastic yarn (8), a has a total elongation of at least 10%, in particular at least 15%, preferably at least 20%, preferably at least 25%; and / or wherein the fabric (3c), with respect to the (warp) direction, with the elastically designed warp threads (3d) and / or with the elastic yarn (8), or with respect to the (weft) direction, with the elastically designed weft threads (3e) and / or with the elastic yarn (8), or preferably with respect to the (weft) direction with the elastically formed weft threads (3e) and / or with the elastic yarn (8), exhibits a total elongation in the range of 10% to 75%, in particular in the range of 10% to 70%, preferably in the range of 10% to 65%, preferably in the range of 15% to 60%.

25. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fabric (3c), with respect to the thread system (3d' or 3e') with the elastically designed threads (3d or 3e) and / or with the elastic yarn (8), has a total elongation of at least 10%, in particular at least 15%, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 25%; and / or wherein the fabric (3c), with respect to the thread system (3d' or 3e') with the elastically designed threads (3d or 3e) and / or with the elastic yarn (8), has a total elongation in the range of 10% to 75%, in particular in the range of 10% to 70%, more preferably in the range of 10% to 65%, more preferably in the range of 15% to 60%.

26. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fabric (3c), with respect to the (warp) direction without elastically formed warp threads (3d) and / or with the non-elastic yarn (9) or with respect to the (weft) direction without elastically formed weft threads (3e) and / or with the non-elastic yarn (9), preferably with respect to the (warp) direction without elastically formed warp threads (3d) and / or with the non-elastic yarn (9), has a total elongation of at most 12.5%, in particular at most 10%, preferably at most 7.5%, preferably at most 5%;and / or wherein the fabric (3c), with respect to the (warp) direction without elastically formed warp threads (3d) and / or with the non-elastic yarn (9) or with respect to the (weft) direction without elastically formed weft threads (3e) and / or with the non-elastic yarn (9), preferably with respect to the (warp) direction without elastically formed warp threads (3d) and / or with the non-elastic yarn (9), has a total elongation in the range of 1% to 12.5%, in particular in the range of 1.5% to 10%, preferably in the range of 2% to 7.5%, more preferably in the range of 2.5% to 5%.

27. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fabric (3c), with respect to the thread system (3d' or 3e') without elastically formed threads (3d or 3e) and / or with the non-elastic yarn (9), has a total elongation of at most 12.5%, in particular at most 10%, preferably at most 7.5%, preferably at most 5%; and / or wherein the fabric (3c), with respect to the thread system (3d' or 3e') without elastically formed threads (3d or 3e) and / or with the non-elastic yarn (9), has a total elongation in the range of 1% to 12.5%, in particular in the range of 1.5% to 10%, preferably in the range of 2% to 7.5%, preferably in the range of 2.5% to 5%.

28. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective filter material (1), with respect to the (warp) direction of the fabric (3c) with the elastically formed warp threads (3d) and / or with the elastic yarn (8) or with respect to the (weft) direction of the fabric (3c) with the elastically formed weft threads (3e) and / or with the elastic yarn (8), preferably with respect to the (weft) direction of the fabric (3c) with the elastically formed weft threads (3e) and / or with the elastic yarn (8), has a total elongation of at least 5%, in particular at least 7.5%, preferably at least 10%, preferably at least 15%;and / or wherein the protective filter material (1), with respect to the (warp) direction of the fabric (3c) with the elastically formed warp threads (3d) and / or with the elastic yarn (8) or with respect to the (weft) direction of the fabric (3c) with the elastically formed weft threads (3e) and / or with the elastic yarn (8), preferably with respect to the (weft) direction of the fabric (3c) with the elastically formed weft threads (3e) and / or with the elastic yarn (8), has a total elongation in the range of 5% to 65%, in particular in the range of 7.5% to 60%, preferably in the range of 10% to 55%, more preferably in the range of 15% to 50%.

29. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective filter material (1), with respect to the thread system (3d' or 3e') of the fabric (3c) with the elastically formed threads (3d or 3e) and / or with the elastic yarn (8), has a total elongation of at least 5%, in particular at least 7.5%, preferably at least 10%, preferably at least 15%; and / or wherein the protective filter material (1), with respect to the thread system (3d 1 or 3e') of the fabric (3c) with the elastically formed threads (3d or 3e) and / or with the elastic yarn (8), has a total elongation in the range of 5% to 65%, in particular in the range of 7.5% to 60%, preferably in the range of 10% to 55%, preferably in the range of 15% to 50%.

30. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective filter material (1), with respect to the (warp) direction of the fabric (3c) without elastically formed warp threads (3d) and / or with the non-elastic yarn (9) or with respect to the (weft) direction of the fabric (3c) without elastically formed weft threads (3e) and / or with the non-elastic yarn (9), preferably with respect to the (warp) direction of the fabric (3c) without elastically formed warp threads (3d) and / or with the non-elastic yarn (8), has a total elongation of at most 4%, in particular at most 3%, preferably at most 2.5%, preferably at most 2%;and / or wherein the protective filter material (1), with respect to the (warp) direction of the fabric (3c) without elastically formed warp threads (3d) and / or with the non-elastic yarn (9) or with respect to the (weft) direction of the fabric (3c) without elastically formed weft threads (3e) and / or with the non-elastic yarn (9), preferably with respect to the (warp) direction of the fabric (3c) without elastically formed warp threads (3d) and / or with the non-elastic yarn (9), has a total elongation in the range of 0.5% to 4%, in particular in the range of 0.75% to 3%, preferably in the range of 1% to 2.5%, more preferably in the range of 1.5% to 2%.

31. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective filter material (1), with respect to the thread system (3d' or 3e') of the fabric (3c) without elastically formed threads (3d or 3e) and / or with the non-elastic yarn (9), has a total elongation of at most 4%, in particular at most 3%, preferably at most 2.5%, more preferably at most 2%; and / or wherein the protective filter material (1), with respect to the thread system (3d' or 3e') of the fabric (3c) without elastically formed threads (3d or 3e) and / or with the non-elastic yarn (9), has a total elongation in the range of 0.5% to 4%, in particular in the range of 0.75% to 3%, preferably in the range of 1% to 2.5%, more preferably in the range of 1.5% to 2%.

32. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), has a twill weave or plain weave, preferably a twill weave, and / or is formed as a twill weave or plain weave, preferably as a twill weave, and / or is formed as a twill fabric or plain weave, preferably as a twill weave.

33. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), has a twill weave and / or is formed as a twill weave and / or is formed as a twill fabric; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), has a K2 / 1 bond, K3 / 1 bond, K4 / 1 bond, K2 / 2 bond or K3 / 2 bond; in particular a K2 / 1 bond, K3 / 1 bond or K4 / 1 bond.

34. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has a number and / or density of warp threads (number and / or density of the warp threads (3d)) in the range of 5 warp threads / cm to 60 warp threads / cm, in particular in the range of 10 warp threads / cm to 50 warp threads / cm, preferably in the range of 20 warp threads / cm to 45 warp threads / cm, preferably in the range of 25 warp threads / cm to 40 warp threads / cm; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has a weft thread count and / or weft thread density (number and / or density of the weft threads (3e)) in the range of 5 warp threads / cm to 60 warp threads / cm, in particular in the range of 10 warp threads / cm to 50 warp threads / cm, preferably in the range of 20 warp threads / cm to 45 warp threads / cm, preferably in the range of 25 warp threads / cm to 40 weft threads / cm; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has at least substantially identical and / or equal values ​​for the warp thread count and / or warp thread density on the one hand and the weft thread count and / or weft thread density on the other hand; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has a number of threads and / or thread density, based on each of the thread systems (3d', 3e') and / or in particular independently of each other, in the range of 5 warp threads / cm to 60 warp threads / cm, in particular in the range of 10 Warp threads / cm to 50 warp threads / cm, preferably in the range of 20 warp threads / cm to 45 warp threads / cm, preferably in the range of 25 warp threads / cm to 40 weft threads / cm; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has at least substantially identical and / or equal values ​​for the number of threads and / or thread density in one of the thread systems (3d', 3e') on the one hand and the number of threads and / or thread density in the other of the thread systems (3d', 3e') on the other hand.

35. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is a 2 2 basis weight in the range of 40 g / m² to 250 g / m², in particular in the range of 50 g / m² to 200 g / m², preferably in the range of 60 g / m² to 150 g / m², preferably in the range of 70 g / m² to 120 g / m²; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has a thickness, in particular cross-sectional thickness, in the range of 0.01 mm to 10 mm, in particular in the range of 0.05 mm to 5 mm, preferably in the range of 0.075 mm to 3 mm, preferably in the range of 0.1 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.15 mm to 1.5 mm.

36. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is refined and / or has a refinement, in particular wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has been subjected to a refinement treatment; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is colored, in particular using at least one reactive dye and / or at least one disperse dye, in particular at least one reactive dye and at least one disperse dye and / or in particular using at least one metal complex dye and / or acid dye and / or pigments;and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is surface-treated, in particular by means of at least one polyolefin, preferably polyethylene, in particular using at least one polyolefin dispersion, preferably polyethylene dispersion; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is sanforized (shrink-treated).

37. Protective filter material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) covers at most 75% of the surface of the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), and / or the protective layer (5), preferably at most 60% of the surface of the carrier layer (3) and / or the protective layer (5), particularly preferably at most 50% of the surface of the carrier layer (3) and / or the protective layer (5), most preferably at most 40% of the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), and / or the protective layer (5); and / or wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is applied in an amount in the range of 10 g / m². 2 up to 100 g / m² 2 , especially in the range of 15 g / m² 2 up to 75 g / m² 2 , preferably in the range of 20 g / m² 2 up to 50 g / m² 2 , is used and / or is present in particular as an adhesive polymer.

38. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is designed and / or applied such that the thread mobility, in particular of the warp threads (3d) and / or the weft threads (3e) and / or in particular of the threads (3d, 3e), preferably the thread displacement, in particular of the warp threads (3d) and / or the weft threads (3e) and / or in particular of the threads (3d, 3e), preferably in the main extension plane of the carrier layer (3) or of the fabric (3c), in particular under tensile stress, is at least substantially unaffected and / or restricted.

39. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive (4) ("first adhesive") is configured and / or applied such that at least a portion of the warp threads (3d) is at least partially, at least substantially, not bonded to adjacent warp threads (3d), in particular wherein the proportion of the unbonded warp threads (3d) is at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, based on the total number of warp threads (3d); and / or wherein the adhesive (4) ("first adhesive") is configured and / or applied such that at least a portion of the weft threads (3e) is at least partially, at least substantially, not bonded to adjacent weft threads (3e), in particular wherein the proportion of the unbonded weft threads (3e) is at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, based on the total number of weft threads (3e);and / or wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is formed and / or applied such that at least a portion of the threads (3d, 3e) is not bonded to adjacent threads (3d, 3e) at least sectionally, and at least substantially so, in particular wherein the portion of the unbonded threads (3d, 3e) is at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, based on the total number of threads (3d, 3e).

40. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a part of the binding and / or crossing points of warp threads (3d) and weft threads (3e) and / or of the threads (3e, 3d) is free of adhesive (4) and / or is not coated with adhesive (4) or is at most provided with adhesive, provided that the warp threads (3d) and weft threads (3e) and / or the threads (3e, 3d) at the binding and / or crossing points are at least substantially not glued together; in particular wherein at least 20%, in particular at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 50% of the binding and / or crossing points, based on the total number of binding and / or crossing points in the carrier layer (3), in particular fabric (3c), are free of adhesive (4) or are coated with adhesive (4) if necessary, provided that the warp threads (3d) and weft threads (3e) and / or the threads (3e, 3d) at the binding and / or crossing points are at least substantially not glued together.

41. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive (4) ("first adhesive") is formed and / or applied in a dot-like pattern and / or discontinuously dot-like pattern and / or in a non-continuous pattern and / or in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably with at least substantially circular cross-section; and / or wherein the adhesive (4) ("first adhesive") is in the form of, in particular, non-continuous adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably non-continuous and / or spaced apart and / or non-contacting adhesive (polymer) dots; and / or wherein the adhesive (4) ("first adhesive") is in the form of a grid, in particular a regular grid, with a plurality of spaced-apart adhesive (polymer) dots;and / or wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is electronically calculated and / or controlled and / or applied by computer; and / or wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is applied by means of a stencil, in particular with a predetermined hole pattern and / or (hole) grid.; 42. Protective filter material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is in the form of Adhesive (polymer) points are present and / or formed in particular wherein the diameter, in particular the cross-sectional diameter parallel to the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, of a respective adhesive (polymer) point is at most as large as, preferably smaller than, the diameter (thread or yarn diameter) of the warp thread (3d) and / or weft thread (3e) or thread (3d, 3e) carrying and / or having the respective adhesive (polymer) point; and / or in particular wherein a respective adhesive (polymer) point, with respect to the perpendicular top view of the main extension plane of the carrier layer (3) or the fabric (3c), does not extend at least substantially over the longitudinal extension of the warp thread (3d) and / or weft thread (3e) or thread (3d, 3e) carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) point, preferably does not extend at least substantially over the diameter (thread or yarn diameter) of the warp thread (3d) and / or weft thread (3e) or thread (3d, 3e) carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) point.yarn diameter) of the warp thread (3d) and / or weft thread (3e) or thread (3d, 3e) carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) dot; and / or in particular wherein a respective adhesive (polymer) dot, with respect to the perpendicular top view of the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or of the fabric 3c, is positioned at least substantially centrally on the respective warp thread (3d) and / or weft thread (3e) or thread (3d, 3e) carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) dot, preferably at least substantially centrally to the longitudinal axis, in particular axis of rotation, of the respective warp thread (3d) and / or weft thread (3e) or thread (3d, 3e) carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) dot.

43. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the penetration depth of the adhesive (4) ("first adhesive"), in particular in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots, into the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is at most 50%, in particular at most 40%, preferably at most 30%, preferably at most 20%, based on the thickness, in particular cross-sectional thickness, of the carrier layer (3), in particular of the fabric (3c).

44. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective layer (5) has a (total) basis weight in the range of 5 g / m². 2 up to 600 g / m² 2 , especially in the range of 20 g / m² 2 up to 500 g / m² 2 , preferably in the range of 40 g / m² 2 up to 450 g / m² 2 , preferably in the range of 50 g / m² 2 up to 400 g / m² 2 , particularly preferably in the range of 60 g / m² 2 up to 350 g / m² 2, has; and / or wherein the protective layer (5) is gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and / or water vapor-permeable, preferably gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and water vapor-permeable, preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable.

45. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective layer (5) comprises or consists of adsorber particles (adsorption particles) 5c, in particular a plurality of individual and / or discrete adsorber particles; in particular wherein the adsorber particles (5c) are arranged in a layer and / or form a layer; and / or in particular wherein the adsorber particles (5c) are activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon") or spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon"), preferably in the form of spherical activated carbon particles.

46. ​​Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adsorber particles (5c) of the protective layer (5) are selected from the group of (i) in particular particulate activated carbon and / or activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granular activated carbon particles (“granular carbon”) or spherical activated carbon particles (“spherical carbon”); (ii) Zeolites, in particular natural and / or synthetic zeolites; (iii) Molecular sieves, in particular zeolitic molecular sieves, synthetic molecular sieves and / or in particular synthetic molecular sieves based on carbon, oxides and / or glasses; (iv) Metal oxide and / or metal particles; (v) ion exchange resins, in particular polydisperse and / or monodisperse cation and / or anion exchangers, especially of the gel type and / or macroporous type; (vi) inorganic oxides, in particular silicon dioxides, silica gels and / or aluminium oxides; (vii) porous organic polymers and / or porous organic-inorganic hybrid polymers and / or metal-organic framework materials, in particular MOFs (Metal Organic Framework), COFs (Covalent Organic Framework), ZI Fs (Zeolite Imidazolate Framework), POMs (Polymer Organic Material) and / or OFCs; (viii) mineral granules; (ix) Clathrats; as well as (x) mixtures and / or combinations thereof, wherein (i) is particularly preferred.

47. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adsorber particles (5c) of the protective layer (5), in particular the activated carbon particles, have a particle size, in particular a particle diameter, in the range of 0.05 mm to 1.5 mm, in particular in the range of 0.075 mm to 0.75 mm, preferably in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, preferably in the range of 0.125 mm to 0.4 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.15 mm to 0.35 mm, in particular wherein at least 80 wt.%, in particular at least 90 wt.%, preferably at least 95 wt.%, preferably at least 99 wt.%, of the adsorber particles (5c), in particular the activated carbon particles, have particle sizes, in particular particle diameters, in the aforementioned ranges.

48. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adsorber particles (5c) of the protective layer (5), in particular the activated carbon particles, have a mean particle size (D50), in particular a mean particle diameter (D50), in the range of 0.06 mm to 1.1 mm, in particular in the range of 0.09 mm to 0.9 mm, preferably in the range of 0.12 mm to 0.7 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.15 mm to 0.5 mm, and most preferably in the range of 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm; and / or wherein the adsorber particles (5c) of the protective layer (5) are activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in granular form ("granular carbon") or activated carbon particles in spherical form ("spherical carbon"), preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in spherical form.

49. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective layer (5) contains the adsorber particles (5c), in particular the activated carbon particles, in an amount in the range of 5 g / m² 2 up to 450 g / m²2 , especially 10 g / m² 2 up to 300 g / m² 2 , preferably 30 g / m² 2 up to 150 g / m² 2 , has; and / or wherein the adsorber particles (5c) are arranged and / or fixed on the carrier layer (3), in particular on the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) that is coated with adhesive (4), in particular by means of the adhesive (4).

50. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective layer (5) comprises or consists of at least one fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material (5d), in particular in the form of an adsorptive sheet structure (adsorption sheet structure), preferably in the form of an activated carbon fiber sheet structure; in particular wherein the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material (5d) is in the form of activated carbon fibers and / or activated carbon filaments, preferably in the form of an activated carbon fiber sheet structure; and / or in particular wherein the adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure), preferably activated carbon fiber surface structure, has a thickness, in particular cross-sectional thickness, in the range of 0.001 mm to 5 mm, in particular in the range of 0.005 mm to 3 mm, preferably in the range of 0.01 mm to 2 mm, preferably in the range of 0.02 mm to 1 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.04 mm to 0.75 mm;and / or in particular wherein the adsorptive sheet material (adsorption sheet material), preferably activated carbon fiber sheet material, has a basis weight of 50 to 250 g / m²; 2 , especially 50 to 200 g / m² 2 , preferably 80 to 180 g / m² 2 , especially preferably 90 to 150 g / m² 2 , exhibits; and / or in particular wherein the adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure), preferably activated carbon fiber surface structure, is a woven, knitted, crocheted, non-woven, nonwoven or textile composite, preferably woven, in particular made of activated carbon fibers. Activated carbon fibers of the adsorptive sheet structure (adsorption sheet structure), preferably activated carbon fiber sheet structure, consist of carbonized and activated cellulose or viscose and / or of carbonized or activated polyacrylonitrile, preferably of carbonized and activated polyacrylonitrile.

51. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective layer (5) comprises or consists of at least one particle and / or aerosol filter layer (particle and / or aerosol filter) (5e); in particular, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) has a thickness, in particular cross-sectional thickness, in the range of 0.001 mm to 5 mm, in particular in the range of 0.005 mm to 3 mm, preferably in the range of 0.01 mm to 2 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.02 mm to 1 mm, and most preferably in the range of 0.04 mm to 0.75 mm; and / or in particular, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) has a (total) basis weight in the range of 5 g / m² to 200 g / m², in particular 2 2 2 in the range of 10 g / m² to 150 g / m², preferably in the range of 20 g / m² to 100 g / m².

52. Protective filter material according to claim 51, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) comprises or consists of textile fibers selected from the group consisting of polyurethane fibers, polyester fibers, polyolefin fibers, and polyamide fibers, and mixtures and combinations thereof, in particular polyurethane fibers; and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) is a textile fabric, in particular a non-woven fabric or a textile composite, preferably a nonwoven, formed on the basis of and / or from textile fibers, in particular synthetic textile fibers, preferably polyurethane fibers, and / or comprising the aforementioned textile fibers, with a plurality of pores or meshes, in particular pores, defined and / or formed by the textile fibers; and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) has a mean pore size or mean mesh size, in particular mean pore size, in the range of 0.05 pm to 100 pm, in particular in the range of 0.1 pm to 50 pm, preferably in the range of 0.2 pm to 20 pm, more preferably in the range of 0.3 pm to 10 pm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.4 pm to 5 pm, further preferably in the range of 0.5 pm to 3 pm, in particular determined according to ASTM F316-86; and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) has a maximum pore size or maximum mesh size, in particular maximum pore size, of up to 200 pm, in particular of up to 100 pm, more preferably of up to 50 pm, more preferably of at most 20 pm, more preferably of up to 10 pm, further preferably of up to 4 pm;and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) is designed as a HEPA filter (High Efficiency Penetration or Particulate Air) or ULPA filter (Ultra Low Penetration or Particulate Air).; 53. Protective filter material according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the protective layer (5) comprises or consists of at least one particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e), ​​in particular as defined above, in combination with adsorber particles (5c), in particular layered adsorber particles (5c) and / or layer-forming adsorber particles (5c), in particular as defined above; in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) forms a composite, preferably a solid composite, and / or a laminate with the adsorber particles (5c), in particular the layered adsorber particles (5c) and / or the layer-forming adsorber particles (5c); and / or in particular wherein the adsorber particles (5c) are arranged and / or fixed on the carrier layer (3), in particular on the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) coated with adhesive (4), in particular by means of the adhesive (4);and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) is located on the side of the adsorber particles (5c) facing away from the support layer (3), in particular the side (3a) of the support layer (3) that is coated with adhesive (4); in particular the layered adsorber particles (5c) and / or the layer-forming adsorber particles (5c), is arranged and / or fixed; and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) is arranged on the side of the protective layer (5) facing a pollutant source in the wearing or application state; and / or in particular wherein the adsorber particles (5c), in particular the layered adsorber particles (5c) and / or the layer-forming adsorber particles (5c), are arranged on the side of the protective layer (5) facing away from a pollutant source in the wearing or application state.

54. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective layer (5) comprises or consists of at least one particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e), ​​in particular as defined above, in combination with a fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material (5d), preferably in the form of an adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure or adsorption surface layer), in particular as defined above; in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) forms a composite, preferably a solid composite, and / or a laminate with the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material (5d), preferably in the form of an adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure);and / or in particular wherein the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material (5d), preferably in the form of an adsorptive sheet structure (adsorption sheet structure), is arranged and / or fixed on the support layer (3), in particular on the side (3a) of the support layer (3) coated with adhesive (4), in particular by means of the adhesive (4); and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) is arranged and / or fixed on the side of the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material (5d), preferably in the form of an adsorptive sheet structure (adsorption sheet structure), facing away from the support layer (3), in particular the side (3a) of the support layer (3), coated with adhesive (4); and / or; in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) is arranged on the side of the protective layer (5) facing a pollutant source in the wearing or application state; and / or in particular wherein the fibrous and / or filamentous adsorption material (5d), preferably in the form of an adsorptive surface structure (adsorption surface structure), is arranged on the side of the protective layer (5) facing away from a pollutant source in the wearing or application state.

55. Protective filter material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) in the protective filter material (1) is in the form of an adhesive polymer and / or is configured as such; and / or wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) in the protective filter material (1) is in the form of an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable and / or discontinuously configured adhesive layer, preferably based on an adhesive polymer; and / or wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) is in an amount in the range of 5 g / m² 2 up to 90 g / m² 2 , especially in the range of 10 g / m² 2 up to 70 g / m² 2 , preferably in the range of 15 g / m² 2 up to 45 g / m² 2, is used and / or is in particular an adhesive polymer; and / or wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) is discontinuously dot-shaped and / or non-continuous and / or in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably with at least substantially circular cross-section, and / or is applied; and / or wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) is in the form of, in particular, non-continuous adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably non-continuous and / or spaced apart and / or non-contacting adhesive (polymer) dots; and / or wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) is in the form of an irregular pattern with a plurality of spaced-apart adhesive (polymer) dots; and / or wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) is applied by means of a stencil, in particular with an irregular pattern; and / or wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) is a particularly reactive hot melt adhesive, in particular a moisture-curing and / or radiation-curing adhesive, preferably a moisture-curing hot melt adhesive, preferably a reactive, in particular moisture-curing, polyurethane (PUR) hot melt adhesive, or is based thereon, in particular wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) is a one-component adhesive or is based thereon.

56. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cover layer (6) is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile fabric, in particular as a knitted fabric, woven fabric, non-woven fabric or textile composite material, preferably a non-woven fabric, particularly preferably as a non-woven fabric; and / or wherein the cover layer (6) is a material, in particular a textile fiber material, preferably in the form of and / or as a component of threads and / or yarns, selected from the group consisting of man-made fiber materials and natural fiber materials, preferably man-made fiber materials, in particular selected from the group consisting of cotton (CO); wool; linen; polyesters; polyolefins; polyvinyl chloride; polyvinylidene chloride; acetates; triacetates; aramids, in particular meta- and / or para-amides; optionally modified and / or regenerated celluloses; polyacrylic; polyamide; polyvinyl alcohol;Polyurethanes, in particular thermoplastic polyurethanes; polyvinyl esters; modified and / or regenerated celluloses, in particular viscose; and mixtures or combinations thereof; preferably polyurethanes, in particular thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU); comprises or consists thereof; and / or wherein the cover layer (6) comprises or consists thereof an elastic material, in particular elastic textile fiber material, preferably elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably in the form of and / or as a component of threads and / or yarns selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU); and / or wherein the cover layer (6) comprises at least one; thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), preferably in the form of and / or as a component of threads and / or yarns, or consisting thereof; and / or 2 wherein the covering layer (6) has a basis weight in the range of 5 g / m² to 2 2 2 150 g / m², particularly in the range of 10 g / m² to 140 g / m², preferably 2 2 2 in the range of 15 g / m² to 130 g / m², preferably in the range of 20 g / m² to 2 120 g / m² , has.

57. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cover layer (6), in particular in the case of use of the protective filter material (1) in an ABC protective garment, is arranged in the wearing or application state on the side facing a pollutant source and / or on the side of the protective filter material (1) and / or the protective layer (5) facing away from a wearer and / or user of the ABC protective garment; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), in particular in the case of use of the protective filter material (1) in an ABC protective garment, is arranged in the wearing or application state on the side facing away from a pollutant source and / or on the side of the protective filter material (1) and / or the protective layer (5) facing a wearer and / or user of the ABC protective garment.

58. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective filter material (1) comprises a particularly textile outer layer (11) (outer fabric), in particular wherein the outer layer (11) is or is designed as a gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, textile fabric; and / or in particular wherein the outer layer (11) is designed as a textile knit fabric, preferably as a knitted fabric or knitted fabric, or in particular as a woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, fleece or textile composite; and / or wherein the outer layer (11) and / or the cover layer (6), in particular the outer layer (11), is flame-retardant and / or flame-resistant and / or flame-resistant; and / or. wherein the outer layer (11 ) and / or the cover layer (6), in particular the outer layer (11 ), is designed to be antistatic; and / or wherein the outer layer (11 ) and / or the cover layer (6), in particular the outer layer (11 ), has an oleophobic and / or hydrophobic finish and / or coating.wherein the outer layer (11) and / or the cover layer (6), preferably the outer layer (11), particularly in the case of use of the protective filter material (1) in an ABC protective garment, is arranged in the wearing or application state on the side facing a pollutant source and / or on the side of the protective filter material (1) facing away from a user (wearer) of the ABC protective garment; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), particularly in the case of use of the protective filter material (1) in an ABC protective garment, is arranged in the wearing or application state on the side facing away from a pollutant source and / or on the side of the protective filter material (1) facing a user (wearer) of the ABC protective garment.

59. Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective filter material (1) has a (total) surface weight (in particular 2 2 determined as dry weight) in the range of 50 g / m³ to 1,000 g / m³ , 2 2 particularly in the range of 75 g / m³ to 750 g / m³ , preferably in the range 2 2 2 2 of 100 g / m² to 500 g / m², preferably in the range of 120 g / m² to 350 g / m², particularly preferably in the range of 150 g / m² to 300 g / m²; and / or wherein the protective filter material (1) has a thickness, in particular total cross-sectional thickness, in the range of 0.1 mm to 15 mm, particularly in the range of 0.15 mm to 10 mm, preferably in the range of 0.2 mm to 6 mm, preferably in the range of 0.3 mm to 4 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.4 mm to 2 mm.

60. ABC protective filter material (1) (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) with high and / or improved elasticity in at least one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material (1) with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and with high and / or improved elasticity, preferably in the transverse direction, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) is a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multilayered structure (2), in particular consisting of several interconnected layers (layers) (3, 4, 5),preferably in the form of a laminate, comprising the ABC protective filter material (1): (i) a textile carrier layer (3) with two opposite sides (3a, 3b), wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a) is coated and / or provided with an adhesive (4) preferably applied discontinuously and / or wherein an adhesive (4) preferably applied discontinuously is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a), (ii) a single-layer or multi-layer protective layer (5) with two opposite sides (5a, 5b) and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer (5) is connected via one of its two sides (5a) by means of the adhesive (4) to the textile carrier layer (3), in particular to the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) that is coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, (iii) optionally a cover layer (6), wherein the cover layer (6) is connected to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive (7) preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3); characterized in that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a woven fabric (3c) with a plurality of warp threads (3d) and with a plurality of weft threads (3e);wherein the weft threads (3e) are elastically designed (elastic weft threads) and / or wherein either the warp threads (3d) or the weft threads (3e), preferably only the weft threads (3e), are elastically designed and / or are elastic threads and each has or consists of and / or is formed from at least one elastic yarn (8);and / or that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a fabric (3c) with two thread systems (3d', 3e') each comprising or consisting of a plurality of threads (3d, 3e), wherein the threads (3d, 3e) of one of the thread systems (3d', 3e') run at least substantially perpendicular to the threads (3d, 3e) of the other thread system (3d', 3e'), wherein the threads (3d or 3e) of one of the thread systems (3d' or 3e'), in particular only one of the thread systems (3d' or 3e'), are elastic and / or are elastic threads and each comprise or consist of and / or are formed from at least one elastic yarn (8);and / or that the textile support layer (3) is designed as a fabric (3c), wherein the fabric (3c) is elastic in one direction of extension, in particular in only one direction of extension, and / or wherein the fabric (3c) has a higher elasticity in one direction of extension than in the other direction of extension, and / or wherein the fabric (3c) has different elasticities in the two directions of extension, wherein the elasticity is designed in the direction and / or parallel to the direction of extension that is more elastic; The threads running in the direction of extension are elastically designed and / or are elastic threads and each has at least one elastic yarn (8) or consists of or is formed from it.

61. ABC protective filter material (1) (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) with high and / or improved elasticity in at least one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material (1) with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and with high and / or improved elasticity, preferably in the transverse direction, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) is a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multilayered structure (2), in particular consisting of several interconnected layers (layers) (3, 4, 5),preferably in the form of a laminate, comprising the ABC protective filter material (1): (i) a textile carrier layer (3) with two opposite sides (3a, 3b), wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a) is coated and / or provided with an adhesive (4) preferably applied discontinuously and / or wherein an adhesive (4) preferably applied discontinuously is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a), (ii) a single-layer or multi-layer protective layer (5) with two opposite sides (5a, 5b) and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer (5) is bonded via one of its two sides (5a) by means of the adhesive (4) to the textile carrier layer (3), in particular to the adhesive-coated layer and / or provided side (3a) (“functional side”) of the carrier layer (3), connected, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, is (iii) optionally a cover layer (6), wherein the cover layer (6) is connected to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive (7) preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3); characterized in that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a woven fabric (3c) with a plurality of warp threads (3d) and with a plurality of weft threads (3e);wherein the weft threads (3e) are elastically designed (elastic weft threads) and / or wherein either the warp threads (3d) or the weft threads (3e), preferably only the weft threads (3e), are elastically designed and / or are present as elastic threads and each comprise or consist of and / or are formed from at least one elastic yarn (8), wherein the elastic yarn (8) is an elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material (8a) and in particular with at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR) (in particular CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), preferably elastane (EL) (in particular CO / EL sheath / core yarn), as core material (8b);and / or that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a fabric (3c) with two thread systems (3d', 3e') each having or consisting of a plurality of threads (3d, 3e), wherein the threads (3d, 3e) of one of the thread systems (3d', 3e') run at least substantially perpendicular to the threads (3d, 3e) of the other thread system (3d', 3e'), wherein the threads (3d or 3e) of one of the thread systems (3d' or 3e'), in particular only one of the thread systems (3d' or 3e'), are elastic and / or are elastic threads and each has at least one elastic yarn (8); or consist thereof and / or are formed thereof, wherein the elastic yarn (8) is an elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular comprising at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material (8a) and in particular comprising at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular an elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR) (in particular CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), preferably elastane (EL) (in particular CO / EL sheath / core yarn), as core material (8b); and / or that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a woven fabric (3c), wherein the woven fabric (3c) is elastic in one direction of extension, in particular in only one direction of extension, and / or wherein the woven fabric (3c) has a higher elasticity in one direction of extension than in the other direction of extension, and / or wherein the woven fabric (3c) has different elasticities in the two directions of extension.wherein the threads extending in the direction and / or parallel to the elastically formed direction of extension are elastically formed and / or are present as elastic threads and each comprise or consist of and / or are formed from at least one elastic yarn (8), wherein the elastic yarn (8) is an elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material (8a) and in particular with at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR) (in particular CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), preferably elastane (EL) (in particular CO / EL sheath / core yarn), as core material (8b).

62. ABC protective filter material (1) (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) with high and / or improved elasticity in at least one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material (1) with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and with high and / or improved elasticity preferably in the transverse direction, in particular ABC protective filter material (1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1 ) is designed as an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multi-layered (multi-layered) structure (2), in particular consisting of several interconnected layers (layers) (3, 4, 5), preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1 ) comprises: (i) a textile carrier layer (3) with two opposite sides (3a, 3b), wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a) is coated and / or provided with an adhesive (4) preferably applied discontinuously and / or wherein an adhesive (4) preferably applied discontinuously is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a), (ii) a single-layer or multi-layer protective layer (5) with two opposite sides (5a, 5b) and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer (5) is connected via one of its two sides (5a) by means of the adhesive (4) to the textile carrier layer (3), in particular to the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) that is coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, (iii) optionally a cover layer (6), wherein the cover layer (6) is connected to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive (7) preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3); characterized in that , that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a fabric (3c) with a plurality of warp threads (3d) and with a plurality of weft threads (3e); wherein the weft threads (3e) are elastic (elastic weft threads) and / or wherein either the warp threads (3d) or the weft threads (3e), preferably only the weft threads (3e), are elastic and / or are present as elastic threads and each comprise or consist of and / or are formed from at least one elastic yarn (8), wherein the elastic yarn (8) is an elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material (8a) and with at least one elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR) (in particular CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), preferably elastane (EL) (in particular CO / EL sheath / core yarn), as core material (8b),is; and / or that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a fabric (3c) with two thread systems (3d', 3e') each comprising or consisting of a plurality of threads (3d, 3e), wherein the threads (3d, 3e) of one of the thread systems (3d', 3e') run at least substantially perpendicular to the threads (3d, 3e) of the other thread system (3d', 3e'), wherein the threads (3d or 3e) of one of the thread systems (3d' or 3e'), in particular only one of the thread systems (3d' or 3e'), are elastic and / or are elastic threads and each comprise or consist of and / or are formed from at least one elastic yarn (8), wherein the elastic yarn (8) is an elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular comprising at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material (8a) and in particular comprising at least one elastic synthetic fiber material,preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR) (in particular CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), preferably elastane (EL) (in particular CO / EL sheath / core yarn), as core material (8b); and / or that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a woven fabric (3c), wherein the woven fabric (3c) is elastic in one direction of extension, in particular in only one direction of extension, and / or wherein the woven fabric, (3c) exhibits a higher elasticity in one direction of extension than in the other direction of extension and / or wherein the fabric (3c) exhibits different elasticities in the two directions of extension, wherein the threads running in the direction and / or parallel to the more elastic direction of extension are elastic and / or are elastic threads and each comprise or consist of and / or are formed from at least one elastic yarn (8), wherein the elastic yarn (8) is an elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular comprising at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material (8a) and in particular comprising at least one elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR) (in particular CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), preferably elastane (EL) (in particular CO / EL sheath / core yarn), as core material (8b).

63. ABC protective filter material (1) (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) with high and / or improved elasticity in at least one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material (1) with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and with high and / or improved elasticity, preferably in the transverse direction, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) is a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multilayered structure (2), in particular consisting of several interconnected layers (layers) (3, 4, 5),preferably in the form of a laminate, comprising the ABC protective filter material (1): (i) a textile carrier layer (3) with two opposite sides (3a, 3b), wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a) is coated and / or provided with an adhesive (4) preferably applied discontinuously and / or wherein one of its two sides (Functional side) (3a) a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive (4) is applied, (ii) a single-layer or multi-layer protective layer (5) with two opposite sides (5a, 5b) and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer (5) is connected via one of its two sides (5a) by means of the adhesive (4) to the textile carrier layer (3), in particular to the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) that is coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, (iii) optionally a cover layer (6), wherein the cover layer (6) is connected to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive (7) preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3); characterized in that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a woven fabric (3c) with a plurality of warp threads (3d) and with a plurality of weft threads (3e);wherein the weft threads (3e) are elastically designed (elastic weft threads), preferably only the weft threads (3e) are elastically designed and / or are present as elastic threads and each has or consists of and / or is formed from at least one elastic yarn (8), in particular wherein the elastic yarn (8) is an elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material (8a) and in particular with at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR) (in particular CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), preferably elastane (EL) (in particular CO / EL sheath / core yarn), as core material (8b); and wherein the warp threads (3d) are non-elastic and each has at least one non-elastic yarn (9) or consists of and / or is formed from such yarn, in particular wherein the non-elastic yarn (9) is a non-elastic single- or multi-component yarn, in particular a non-elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn).

64. ABC protective filter material (1) (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) with high and / or improved elasticity in at least one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material (1) with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and with high and / or improved elasticity, preferably in the transverse direction, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) is a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multilayered structure (2), in particular consisting of several interconnected layers (layers) (3, 4, 5),preferably in the form of a laminate, comprising the ABC protective filter material (1): (i) a textile carrier layer (3) with two opposite sides (3a, 3b), wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a) is coated and / or provided with an adhesive (4) preferably applied discontinuously and / or wherein an adhesive (4) preferably applied discontinuously is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a), (ii) a single-layer or multi-layer protective layer (5) with two opposite sides (5a, 5b) and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with adsorptive and / or (aerosol) filtering properties Protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer (5) is connected via one of its two sides (5a) by means of the adhesive (4) to the textile carrier layer (3), in particular to the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) that is coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, (iii) optionally a cover layer (6), wherein the cover layer (6) is connected to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive (7) preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3); characterized in that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a fabric (3c) with two thread systems (3d', 3e') each comprising or consisting of a plurality of threads (3d, 3e), wherein the threads (3d, 3e) of one of the thread systems (3d', 3e') run at least substantially perpendicular to the threads (3d, 3e) of the other thread system (3d', 3e'), wherein the threads (3d or 3e) of one of the thread systems (3d' or 3e')in particular only one of the yarn systems (3d' or 3e'), preferably the weft yarns (3e) of the weft yarn system (3e'), are elastically designed and / or are present as elastic yarns and each has or consists of and / or is formed from at least one elastic yarn (8), in particular wherein the elastic yarn (8) is an elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material (8a) and in particular with at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR) (in particular CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), preferably elastane (EL) (in particular CO / EL sheath / core yarn), as core material (8b); and, wherein the threads (3e or 3d) of the other thread system (3e' or 3d'), preferably the warp threads (3d) of the warp thread system (3d'), are non-elastic and each comprise or consist of and / or are formed from at least one non-elastic yarn (9), in particular wherein the non-elastic yarn (9) is a non-elastic single- or multi-component yarn, in particular a non-elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn).

65. ABC protective filter material (1) (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective garment, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) with high and / or improved elasticity in at least one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material (1) with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and with high and / or improved elasticity, preferably in the transverse direction, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) is a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multilayered structure (2), in particular consisting of several interconnected layers (layers) (3, 4, 5),preferably in the form of a laminate, comprising the ABC protective filter material (1): (i) a textile carrier layer (3) with two opposite sides (3a, 3b), wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a) is coated and / or provided with an adhesive (4) preferably applied discontinuously and / or wherein an adhesive (4) preferably applied discontinuously is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a), (ii) a single-layer or multi-layer protective layer (5) with two opposite sides (5a, 5b) and providing protection against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer (5) is connected via one of its two sides (5a) by means of the adhesive (4) to the textile carrier layer (3), in particular to the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) that is coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, (iii) optionally a cover layer (6), wherein the cover layer (6) is connected to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive (7) preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3); characterized in that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a fabric (3c), wherein the fabric (3c) is elastic in one direction of extension, in particular in only one direction of extension, and / or wherein the fabric (3c) has a higher elasticity in one direction of extension than in the other direction of extension, and / or wherein the fabric (3c) has different elasticities in the two directions of extension.wherein the threads running in the direction and / or parallel to the elastically formed extension direction are elastically formed and / or are present as elastic threads and each comprise or consist of and / or are formed from at least one elastic yarn (8), in particular wherein the elastic yarn (8) is an elastic sheath / core yarn, in particular with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material (8a) and in particular with at least one synthetic fiber material, in particular elastic synthetic fiber material, preferably based on and / or in the form of polyurethane (PUR) (in particular CO / PUR sheath / core yarn), preferably elastane (EL) (in particular CO / EL sheath / core yarn), as core material (8b); and, wherein the fabric (3c) is non-elastic in the other direction of extension, wherein the threads running in the direction and / or parallel to the non-elastic direction of extension are non-elastic and each have at least one non-elastic yarn (9) or consist of and / or are formed from it, in particular wherein the non-elastic yarn (9) is a non-elastic single- or multi-component yarn, in particular a non-elastic sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn).

66. Use of elastically designed weft threads (elastic weft threads) and / or elastically designed warp threads (elastic warp threads) or elastically designed weft threads, preferably only elastically designed weft threads, in a textile carrier layer designed as a woven fabric with a plurality of warp threads and with a plurality of weft threads; and / or of elastically designed threads (elastic threads) in a textile carrier layer designed as a woven fabric, wherein the fabric has or consists of two thread systems, each comprising or consisting of a plurality of threads, wherein the threads of one of the thread systems run at least substantially perpendicular to the threads of the other thread system, wherein the elastically designed threads are present and / or used in one of the thread systems, in particular in only one of the thread systems;and / or elastically formed threads (elastic threads) in a textile carrier layer designed as a woven fabric, wherein the elastically formed threads are present and / or used in such a way that the fabric is elastic in one direction of extension, in particular in only one direction of extension, and / or that the fabric has a higher elasticity in one direction of extension than in the other direction of extension, and / or that the fabric has different elasticities in the two directions of extension; for increasing and / or improving the elasticity and / or providing elasticity in at least one direction, in particular only one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, of an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material) comprising the carrier layer, in particular wherein the ABC protective filter material is used in a textile ABC protective garment, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular for increasing and / or improving the elasticity and / or providing elasticity in at least one direction, in particular only one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, of an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material comprising the carrier layer with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants.

67. Method for increasing and / or improving the elasticity and / or providing elasticity in at least one direction, in particular in only one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, of an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material), in particular wherein the ABC protective filter material is used in a textile ABC protective garment, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular for increasing and / or improving the elasticity and / or providing elasticity in at least one direction, in particular in only one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, of an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the ABC protective filter material has a textile carrier layer designed as a woven fabric.wherein the fabric comprises a plurality of warp threads and a plurality of weft threads, wherein the weft threads are elastically formed (elastic weft threads) and / or wherein either the warp threads (elastic warp threads) or the weft threads, preferably only the weft threads, are elastically formed and / or are formed and / or are present as elastic threads; and / or, wherein the ABC protective filter material has a textile carrier layer designed as a fabric, wherein the fabric has two thread systems, each comprising or consisting of a plurality of threads, wherein the threads of one of the thread systems run at least substantially perpendicular to the threads of the other thread system, wherein the threads of one of the thread systems, in particular only one of the thread systems, are elastically designed and / or are designed and / or are present as elastic threads;and / or wherein the ABC protective filter material has a textile carrier layer designed as a woven fabric, wherein the woven fabric is elastic in one direction of extension, in particular in only one direction of extension, and / or wherein the woven fabric is designed such that the woven fabric has a higher elasticity in one direction of extension than in the other direction of extension, and / or that the woven fabric has different elasticities in the two directions of extension.

68. Use of a textile carrier layer designed as a woven fabric to increase and / or improve the elasticity and / or to provide elasticity in at least one direction, in particular in only one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, of an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material) comprising the carrier layer, in particular wherein the ABC protective filter material is used in a textile ABC protective garment, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular to increase and / or improve the elasticity and / or to provide elasticity in at least one direction, in particular in only one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, of an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material comprising the carrier layer with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants.wherein the fabric has a plurality of warp threads and a plurality of weft threads, wherein the weft threads are elastic (elastic weft threads) and / or wherein either the warp threads (elastic warp threads) or the weft threads, preferably only the weft threads, are designed to be elastic and / or are designed and / or consist of elastic threads; and / or wherein the fabric has two thread systems, each comprising or consisting of a plurality of threads, wherein the threads of one of the thread systems run at least substantially perpendicular to the threads of the other thread system, wherein the threads of one of the thread systems, in particular only one of the thread systems, are designed to be elastic and / or are designed and / or consist of elastic threads; and / or wherein the fabric is designed to be elastic in one direction of extension, in particular only one direction of extension, and / or wherein the fabric is designed such that the fabric has a higher elasticity in one direction of extension than in the other direction of extension, and / or that the fabric has different elasticities in the two directions of extension.

69. Method for increasing and / or improving the elasticity and / or providing elasticity in at least one direction, in particular in only one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, of an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material), in particular wherein the ABC protective filter material is used in a textile ABC protective garment, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular for increasing and / or improving the elasticity and / or providing elasticity in at least one direction, in particular in only one direction, preferably in the transverse direction, of an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the ABC protective filter material is equipped and / or fitted with a textile carrier layer designed as a woven fabric.wherein the fabric has a plurality of warp threads and a plurality of weft threads, wherein the weft threads are elastic (elastic weft threads) and / or wherein either the warp threads (elastic warp threads) or the weft threads, preferably only the weft threads, are elastically designed and / or are designed and / or are present as elastic threads; and / or wherein the fabric has two thread systems, each comprising or consisting of a plurality of threads, wherein the threads of one of the thread systems run at least substantially perpendicular to the threads of the other thread system, wherein the threads of one of the thread systems, in particular only one of the thread systems, are elastically designed and / or are designed and / or are present as elastic threads; and / or wherein the fabric is elastically designed in one direction of extension, in particular only in one direction of extension, and / or wherein the fabric is designed such that the fabric has a higher elasticity in one direction of extension than in the other direction of extension, and / or that the fabric has different elasticities in the two directions of extension.

70. Use according to claim 66 or 68 or method according to claim 67 or 69, wherein the ABC protective filter material is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile surface material with a multilayered structure, in particular consisting of several interconnected layers, preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii): (i) the textile carrier layer formed as a woven fabric with two opposite sides, wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) is coated and / or provided with an adhesive preferably applied discontinuously (“first adhesive”) and / or wherein an adhesive preferably applied discontinuously is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”), (ii) a protective layer with two opposite sides and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer is connected via one of its two sides to the textile carrier layer, in particular to the side of the carrier layer coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, by means of the adhesive, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer, wherein the cover layer is connected to the protective layer, in particular to the side of the protective layer facing away from the carrier layer, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably bonded, in particular by means of an adhesive applied preferably discontinuously to the protective layer, in particular to the side of the protective layer facing away from the carrier layer ("second adhesive").

71. Use of an ABC protective filter material, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 65, for the manufacture of protective equipment and / or protective articles of all kinds, in particular protective clothing, especially for the civilian or military sector, such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective footwear, protective socks, head protection clothing, or the like, and / or for the manufacture of protective covers of all kinds, preferably all the aforementioned protective materials and / or protective clothing items for ABC use and / or with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxins.

72. Use of an ABC protective filter material, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 65, for the manufacture of filters and filter materials of all kinds, in particular for the removal of pollutants, odors and toxins of all kinds, preferably for the removal of chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxins, in particular from air and / or gas streams, such as ABC protective filters. mask filters, odor filters, surface filters, air filters, especially filters for room air purification, adsorbable carrier structures and filters for the medical field.

73. Protective equipment and / or protective articles of all kinds, in particular for the civilian or military sector, especially protective clothing such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective footwear, protective socks, head protection clothing and the like, as well as protective covers, preferably all the aforementioned protective equipment and / or protective articles for use in CBRN operations and / or with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxins, manufactured using a CBRN protective filter material (1) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 65, and / or comprising a CBRN protective filter material (1) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 65.

74. Filters and filter materials of all kinds, in particular for the removal of pollutants, odors and toxins of all kinds, preferably for the removal of chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxins, in particular from air and / or gas streams, such as protective mask filters, odor filters, surface filters, air filters, in particular filters for room air purification, adsorbable carrier structures and filters for the medical field, manufactured using an ABC protective filter material (1) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 65, and / or comprising an ABC protective filter material (1) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 65.

75. Use according to claim 66 or claim 70, method according to claim 67 or claim 70, use according to claim 68 or claim 70, method according to claim 69 or claim 70, use according to claim 71 or 72, protective equipment and / or protective articles according to claim 73 or filters and filter materials according to claim 74, characterized by one or more of the features of claims 1 to 65.

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