Large-scale simulation test device for tunnel surrounding rock boulder collapse

Abstract

A large-scale simulation test device for tunnel surrounding rock boulder collapse, the large-scale simulation test device comprising: a box body (1), wherein the top of the box body is open, the opening is connected to a first moving platform (3) and a second moving platform (4) by means of an opening and closing driving mechanism so as to make the opening switch between open and closed states, and loading components are provided on the inner surfaces of side box walls of the box body and the bottom surfaces of the first moving platform (3) and the second moving platform (4); a printing mechanism, which comprises a plurality of robotic arms (6) located above the box body, wherein the tail ends of the robotic arms (6) are connected to printing heads, and the robotic arms (6) are connected to a three-axis linkage mechanism; and an excavation and support mechanism, which is arranged inside the box body and composed of a plurality of excavation and support assemblies arranged longitudinally along a tunnel, wherein a telescopic driving member is arranged between every two adjacent excavation and support assemblies to simulate an excavation and support process. The simulation test device implements a large-scale surrounding rock boulder collapse simulation test.

Description

A tunnel surrounding rock boulder collapse large-scale simulation test device

[0001] Cross-reference to Related Applications

[0002] The present application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 202411015591.X, filed on July 26, 2024, and entitled "A tunnel surrounding rock boulder collapse large-scale simulation test device", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference and form a part of the present application for all purposes. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present application relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering test equipment, in particular to a tunnel surrounding rock boulder collapse large-scale simulation test device. BACKGROUND

[0004] The statements herein are provided only to complement what is known in the art and are not necessarily indicative of the prior art.

[0005] Tunnel surrounding rock collapse disaster occurs most frequently, accounting for about 37% of the accident proportion, and its disaster mechanism is complex and difficult to prevent and control. Therefore, it is an urgent need for tunnel engineering safety construction to carry out research on the disaster mechanism and prediction and early warning technology of tunnel surrounding rock boulder collapse, and to realize effective and active prevention and control of disasters.

[0006] Chinese patent "Tunnel dangerous rock collapse indoor large-scale comprehensive simulation test platform and method" (CN201711350400.5) discloses a tunnel dangerous rock collapse indoor large-scale comprehensive simulation test platform and method, and Chinese patent "Underground engineering surrounding rock dangerous rock collapse simulation platform, simulation system and method" (CN202010191258.X) discloses an underground engineering surrounding rock dangerous rock collapse simulation platform, simulation system and method. However, the inventor finds that the above patent applications still have the following common key problems in the physical simulation test of tunnel surrounding rock boulder collapse:

[0007] (1) The existing test instruments are difficult to meet the needs of large-scale simulation. The existing test instruments all use smaller scales and model sizes, which are difficult to truly restore the boulder collapse disaster process of the tunnel site.

[0008] (2) The existing test instruments are difficult to realize automatic construction of the model body.

[0009] (3) The existing test instruments are difficult to simultaneously simulate the simulation of high and low stress environments on tunnel surrounding rock collapse. SUMMARY

[0010] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a tunnel surrounding rock boulder collapse large-scale simulation test device, which solves the problems existing in the prior art tunnel surrounding rock collapse test equipment.

[0011] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application is realized by the following technical scheme:

[0012] The embodiment of the present application provides a tunnel surrounding rock boulder collapse large-scale simulation test device, which comprises:

[0013] The box body is provided with an open top, and the open top is connected with the first moving table and the second moving table through the opening and closing driving mechanism to realize the switching of the open and closed states of the open top.

[0014] The printing mechanism comprises a plurality of mechanical arms located above the box body, and the distal end of the mechanical arm is connected with a print head.

[0015] The excavation and support mechanism is arranged inside the box body and is composed of a plurality of excavation and support assemblies arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

[0016] Optionally, the top opening and closing driving mechanism adopts a bidirectional screw rod transmission mechanism installed on the top of the box body.

[0017] Optionally, the three-axis linkage mechanism comprises an external frame body, the top end of the external frame body is provided with a first horizontal moving mechanism, the first horizontal moving mechanism is connected with a second horizontal moving mechanism to drive the second horizontal moving mechanism to move along the first horizontal direction, the second horizontal moving mechanism is connected with a vertical moving mechanism to drive the vertical moving mechanism to move along the second horizontal direction perpendicular to the first horizontal direction, and the vertical moving mechanism is connected with the mechanical arm to drive the mechanical arm to rise and fall.

[0018] Optionally, the distal end of the mechanical arm is provided with a plurality of print heads to print rock bodies and fissures with different materials.

[0019] Optionally, the top of the box body is provided with an observation platform, and a pedestrian staircase is also provided.

[0020] Optionally, one side of the box body is provided with a side wall for the excavation and support structure to pass through, and the other side of the side wall is provided with a window, and tempered glass is installed at the window.

[0021] Optionally, the loading components of the first mobile station and the second mobile station bottom surface adopt hydraulic bags, and the inner side of the box body has a high stress area and a low stress area, wherein the loading components of the high stress area adopt a hydraulic bag fixed to the side wall of the box body and a plurality of loading hydraulic cylinders, the hydraulic bag is arranged in the first area of the high stress area, and the plurality of loading hydraulic cylinders are distributed in the second area of the high stress area, and the loading components of the low stress area adopt a hydraulic bag fixed to the side wall of the box body.

[0022] Optionally, it further comprises a monitoring element for embedding in the model rock mass printed by the print head.

[0023] Further, the detection element comprises a multi-axis gyroscope, a strain sensor, a displacement sensor, a microseismic sensor, a temperature sensor and a vibration frequency sensor for embedding in the model rock mass.

[0024] Optionally, the excavation support assembly comprises a truss, the inner side of the truss is provided with a hydraulic cylinder perpendicular to the profile surface thereof, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the inner side of the truss, and the piston rod thereof is connected to a support plate after penetrating through the truss.

[0025] Optionally, the support excavation mechanism is further provided with a transparent protective cover arranged along the contour line of the support excavation mechanism, and the bottom end of the transparent protective cover is provided with a walking mechanism capable of driving the transparent protective cover to walk along the longitudinal direction of the support excavation mechanism.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0027] 1. The test device of the present application, the box body is open at the top, and is provided with a first top moving platform and a second top moving platform capable of closing and opening, a plurality of mechanical arms connected with a three-axis linkage mechanism are arranged above the box body, a print head is connected to the tail end of the mechanical arm, the three-axis linkage mechanism and the mechanical arm can work cooperatively to drive the print head to move, and the rock mass model in the box body is subjected to 3D printing, so that the automatic construction of the model body is realized, the three-axis linkage mechanism and the mechanical arm can drive the print head to move in a larger range, so that large-scale rock mass model in-situ rapid printing is realized, and the whole test device meets the demand of large-scale simulation, and the boulder collapse disaster process of the tunnel site can be restored more truly.

[0028] 2. The test device of the present application, the inner side of the box body has a high stress area and a low stress area, the high stress area adopts composite loading of a hydraulic bag and a loading hydraulic cylinder, and the low stress area adopts loading of a hydraulic bag, so that the simulation of the collapse of the tunnel surrounding rock under the action of high stress and low stress environments can be realized.

[0029] 3. The test device of the present application, the monitoring element adopts multi-axis gyroscope, strain sensor, displacement sensor, microseismic sensor, temperature sensor and vibration frequency sensor, monitors the physical quantities represented by strain, temperature, energy, vibration frequency, acoustic emission and other indicators, and realizes accurate perception of deep block group inclination posture, deformation displacement data and load transmission distribution information through optimization of high-precision multi-axis gyroscope, sensor layout mode and time standard high-precision integration, and improves the coincidence degree of physical simulation data and actual situation.

[0030] 4. The test device of the present application, the excavation support mechanism includes a plurality of excavation support assemblies, and a telescopic driving element is arranged between adjacent excavation support assemblies, each excavation support assembly can move independently, and the quantitative simulation of the excavation process is realized.

[0031] 5. The test device of the present application is provided with a transparent protective cover, the transparent protective cover can move in the excavation support mechanism through the walking mechanism, and after the excavation is completed, it is automatically moved to the bottom of the exposed surrounding rock to avoid the collapse of boulders causing personal injury and damage to test instruments, and ensure that the deformation-caving process of the excavated surrounding rock section is clear and visible. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] The drawings accompanying the specification of the present application serve to provide a further understanding of the present application, the illustrative embodiments of the present application and the description thereof serve to explain the present application, and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application.

[0033] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0034] Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the box structure of the embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0035] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the box structure of the embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0036] Among them, 1. Box, 2. Steel structure frame, 3. First top moving table, 4. Second moving table, 5. Bidirectional screw transmission mechanism, 6. Mechanical arm, 7. Gantry, 8. Stairs, 9. Guide rail, 10. Lifting mechanism, 11. Control system, 12. Low stress area, 13. Observation platform, 14. Pedestrian stairs, 15. Truss, 16. High stress area, 17. Support plate, 18. Pulling hydraulic cylinder, 19. Guide rod, 20. Guide sleeve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] Embodiment 1

[0038] The present embodiment provides a large-scale simulation test device for tunnel surrounding rock boulder collapse, as shown in Figures 1-3, which comprises a box 1, a printing mechanism, an excavation support mechanism, a three-axis linkage mechanism, a mechanical arm and other components.

[0039] The box 1 adopts a cuboid structure, and the top is open. Preferably, the external dimensions of the box are 20 m in length, 10 m in width, and 8 m in height. The length direction of the box is defined as the first horizontal direction, and the width direction of the box is defined as the second horizontal direction.

[0040] The box 1 includes a bottom box wall and side box walls arranged at the edges of the bottom box wall. Steel structure frames 2 are arranged on the outer sides of the side box walls to increase the structural strength thereof.

[0041] In this embodiment, the two side box walls in the length direction of the box 1 are defined as first side box walls, and the other two side box walls in the width direction of the box 1 are defined as second side box walls and third side box walls, respectively.

[0042] The top of the box 1 is provided with first moving platforms 3 and second moving platforms 4. The first moving platforms 3 and the second moving platforms 4 are connected with opening and closing driving mechanisms arranged on the box 1. The opening and closing driving mechanisms can drive the first moving platforms 3 and the second moving platforms 4 to move synchronously towards or away from each other. When the first moving platforms 3 and the second moving platforms 4 move towards each other, the top of the box 1 can be gradually closed. When the first moving platforms 3 and the second moving platforms 4 move away from each other, the top of the box 1 can be gradually opened.

[0043] In this embodiment, the top of the box 1 is provided with opening and closing driving mechanisms on both sides in the width direction. Preferably, the opening and closing driving mechanisms adopt bidirectional screw rod transmission mechanisms 5. The opening and closing driving mechanisms include opening and closing driving motors fixed on motor bases. The output shafts of the opening and closing driving motors are connected with one ends of the bidirectional screw rods. The other ends of the bidirectional screw rods are rotatably connected with bearing bases. The bearing bases are fixed on supports. The supports are fixedly connected with the top of the box. The bidirectional screw rods have two portions with opposite screw directions. One portion is threadedly connected with the first moving platforms 3, and the other portion is threadedly connected with the second moving platforms 4. The first moving platforms 3 and the second moving platforms 4 are slidably connected with the top of the box at the bottom surfaces thereof in the width direction.

[0044] The opening and closing driving motors can drive the bidirectional screw rods to rotate, and further drive the first moving platforms 3 and the second moving platforms 4 to move synchronously towards or away from each other.

[0045] The printing mechanism includes a three-axis linkage mechanism, a mechanical arm 6, and a printing head.

[0046] A plurality of mechanical arms 6 are arranged above the box 1. Preferably, the mechanical arms 6 adopt six-degree-of-freedom mechanical arms. The mechanical arms 6 are connected with the printing heads at the ends thereof. The printing heads can inject model materials into the box 1, and further realize 3D printing of rock models.

[0047] The mechanical arm 6 is connected with a three-axis linkage mechanism, which can drive the mechanical arm 6 to move along a first horizontal direction, a second horizontal direction and a vertical direction.

[0048] Specifically, the three-axis linkage mechanism includes an external frame body, the external frame body includes a plurality of vertical columns located on both sides of the box body, and a cross beam is arranged between the top of the vertical columns on the same side and above the box body.

[0049] A first horizontal moving mechanism is arranged on the cross beam, the first horizontal moving mechanism is connected with a second horizontal moving mechanism 7 located between the two cross beams, can drive the second horizontal moving mechanism 7 to move along the first horizontal direction, the second horizontal moving mechanism 7 is connected with a vertical moving mechanism 10, can drive the vertical moving mechanism 10 to move along a second horizontal direction, the second horizontal direction is perpendicular to the first horizontal direction, the vertical moving mechanism 10 is connected with the mechanical arm 6, can drive the mechanical arm 6 to move vertically.

[0050] Preferably, the first horizontal moving mechanism adopts a lead screw transmission mechanism driven by a motor, the lead screw slider of the lead screw transmission mechanism cooperates with a guide rail 9 arranged along the first horizontal direction, can move along the guide rail, the guide rail 9 is fixed on a guide rail seat, and the guide rail seat is fixed on the cross beam.

[0051] Alternatively, the first horizontal moving mechanism adopts a walking vehicle fixed at the end of the second horizontal moving mechanism, the walking vehicle cooperates with the guide rail 9 on the cross beam, and the walking vehicle can be set by a person skilled in the art according to actual needs, and the specific structure is not described in detail here. The walking vehicle can adopt an existing electric vehicle, for example, a bottom walking electric vehicle for a gantry crane, and the specific structure is not described in detail here.

[0052] The second horizontal driving mechanism adopts a gear and rack meshing transmission mechanism or a lead screw transmission mechanism, preferably, a gear and rack meshing transmission mechanism, including a support beam fixed between the two cross beams and arranged perpendicularly to the cross beams, the lifting mechanism 10 is installed on a moving plate, the moving plate is in sliding connection with the support beam, a horizontal driving motor is arranged on the moving plate, the output shaft of the horizontal driving motor is connected with a gear, the gear is in meshing connection with a rack, the rack is arranged along the second horizontal direction and fixed on the support beam, and the horizontal driving motor can drive the gear to rotate, under the meshing action of the gear and the rack, the lifting mechanism 10 is driven to move along the second horizontal direction.

[0053] The lifting mechanism 10 adopts a lead screw lifter or a one-way multi-stage telescopic mechanism which can output vertical lifting motion, and can be set by a person skilled in the art according to actual needs, and the load of the lifting mechanism 10 is not less than 200 kg.

[0054] In the embodiment, the motors of the first horizontal driving mechanism, the second horizontal driving mechanism and the lifting mechanism are all AC servo motors, which are controlled by the control system 11 and have perfect and reliable interlocking, safety protection, fault self-diagnosis alarm and other functions, and are provided with a standard communication interface.

[0055] In use, the printing path of the print head of each mechanical arm is set by the industrial robot programming in the control system 11, and the three-axis linkage mechanism and the mechanical arm cooperate to drive the print head to work and perform 3D printing on the rock block model in the box body.

[0056] In the embodiment, the end of the mechanical arm 6 is provided with a plurality of print heads to print different materials, and preferably, the end of the mechanical arm is provided with two print heads, one of which is used for printing the rock block, and the other is used for printing the fracture structure.

[0057] In the embodiment, the three-axis linkage mechanism and the mechanical arm 6 can cooperate to drive the print head to move and perform 3D printing on the rock block model in the box body 1, and the three-axis linkage mechanism and the mechanical arm 6 can drive the print head to move in a larger range, thereby realizing large-scale rock mass model in-situ rapid printing, and making the entire test device meet the needs of large-scale simulation.

[0058] The inner side of the side wall of the box body 1 and the bottom surface of the first moving table 3 and the second moving table 4 are provided with loading components.

[0059] In the embodiment, the loading components on the bottom surface of the first moving table 3 and the second moving table 4 are hydraulic bags.

[0060] The inner side of the box body is provided with a low-stress zone 12 and a high-stress zone 16, specifically:

[0061] The two first side walls in the length direction are divided into a low-stress zone 12 and a high-stress zone 16, and the low-stress zone 12 is located in the front half of the first side wall, wherein the inner side of the low-stress zone 12 is provided with a hydraulic bag as a loading component, and the loading component of the high-stress zone 16 adopts a composite loading form of a hydraulic bag + a plurality of loading hydraulic cylinders, wherein the upper half of the high-stress zone 16 is set as a second area and is provided with a plurality of loading hydraulic cylinders as loading components, and the lower half is set as a first area and is provided with a hydraulic bag as a loading component.

[0062] The inner side of the second side wall is provided with a hydraulic bag as a loading component, and the inner side of the third side wall is a high-stress zone, and the loading component thereof adopts a composite loading form of a hydraulic bag + a plurality of loading hydraulic cylinders, and the upper half thereof is provided with a plurality of loading hydraulic cylinders as loading components, and the lower half is provided with a hydraulic bag 12 as a loading component.

[0063] In this embodiment, the hydraulic bag 12 can be inflated to generate expansion and apply load to the rock block model. The maximum ground stress generated is not greater than 1 MPa, and the maximum displacement generated is not greater than 100 mm. The high-stress rock block model is loaded by the loading hydraulic cylinder 16, and the maximum load is 6 MPa.

[0064] By using the scheme of this embodiment, both high and low stress and low stress environments can be simulated to simulate the collapse of the surrounding rock of the tunnel.

[0065] The top of the four side walls of the box body 1 is provided with an observation platform 13, and the test personnel can observe the 3D printing of the rock block model and the collapse of the surrounding rock during the test through the observation platform.

[0066] The outer edge of the observation platform 13 is provided with a guardrail to ensure the safety of the test personnel.

[0067] In order to facilitate the test personnel to enter the observation platform 13, a pedestrian staircase 14 is further arranged on one side of the box body, the bottom end of the pedestrian staircase 14 extends to the ground and the platform in the box body, and the top end of the pedestrian staircase 14 extends to the observation platform 13. The test personnel can enter the observation platform 13 through the pedestrian staircase 14.

[0068] The box body is further provided with an excavation and support mechanism, which is used to simulate the excavation and support process of the tunnel.

[0069] The excavation and support mechanism comprises a plurality of excavation and support assemblies arranged in sequence along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

[0070] The excavation and support assembly comprises a truss 15 matched with the cross section of the tunnel, and a plurality of hydraulic cylinders are arranged on the inner surface of the truss 15 at positions corresponding to the tunnel side wall and the vault. The axis of the hydraulic cylinder is perpendicular to the profile surface at the position of the truss 15 where the hydraulic cylinder is located. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is connected with a support plate 17 after penetrating through the truss. When the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is extended, the rock block model can be supported by the support plate 17. The support plate 17 is provided with corresponding anchor holes for penetrating through the anchor rod.

[0071] A telescopic drive is arranged between adjacent trusses, which can drive adjacent trusses to move closer to or away from each other, thereby simulating quantitative excavation.

[0072] The telescopic drive adopts a telescopic hydraulic cylinder. In adjacent trusses 15, the cylinder body of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with one of the trusses 15, and the piston rod of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with the other truss 15.

[0073] In the embodiment, the second side wall of the box 1 is provided with an opening matching the cross-sectional profile of the excavation support structure, and a pulling assembly is installed at the opening for guiding the movement of the trusses. The guiding assembly comprises a plurality of pulling hydraulic cylinders 18, the cylinder body of the pulling hydraulic cylinder 18 is fixedly connected with the outermost truss 15, and the piston rod thereof is fixedly connected with the second side wall. The second side wall is further provided with a guide rod 19 which passes through and is in sliding connection with the guide sleeve 20 of the outermost truss for guiding the movement of the trusses. When it is required to move a plurality of trusses 15 simultaneously, the pulling oil cylinder can assist the movement of the trusses to avoid the situation that the trusses cannot be moved simultaneously only by using the telescopic hydraulic cylinders.

[0074] The third side wall of the box 1 is provided with a window, and tempered glass is installed at the window.

[0075] In the embodiment, since the telescopic driving members are arranged between the adjacent two trusses, the translation of any truss can be realized according to actual needs, and each excavation support assembly can move independently to realize the quantitative simulation of the excavation process, thereby realizing the simulation of the quantitative excavation.

[0076] The excavation support structure is further provided with a transparent protective cover arranged along the inner contour line of the excavation support structure for preventing the collapse of boulders from causing personal injury to the test personnel and damage to the test instruments, and ensuring that the deformation and collapse process of the excavated surrounding rock section is clearly visible.

[0077] The two ends of the transparent protective cover are connected with the electric walking vehicle, wherein the walking wheels on the side of the electric walking vehicle close to the second side wall are brake wheels. The electric walking vehicle can drive the transparent protective cover to move along the longitudinal direction of the excavation support structure.

[0078] The test device further comprises monitoring elements, which are multi-axis gyroscopes, fiber bragg grating strain sensors, displacement sensors, microseismic sensors, temperature sensors, acoustic emission sensors and vibration frequency sensors buried in the rock mass model. The multi-axis gyroscopes, strain sensors, displacement sensors, microseismic sensors, temperature sensors, acoustic emission sensors and vibration frequency sensors are connected with the control system and can transmit the collected information to the control system.

[0079] The monitoring elements are multi-axis gyroscopes, strain sensors, displacement sensors, microseismic sensors, temperature sensors and vibration frequency sensors, which monitor physical quantities represented by strain, temperature, energy, vibration frequency and acoustic emission. Through the optimization of the high-precision multi-axis gyroscope, the sensor arrangement mode and the high-precision unified time standard, the accurate perception of information such as the inclination posture of the deep block group, the deformation displacement data and the load transmission distribution is realized, and the conformity of the physical simulation data and the actual situation is improved.

[0080] The working method of the tunnel surrounding rock collapse large-scale simulation test device of the embodiment is as follows:

[0081] The opening and closing driving mechanism drives the first moving table 3 and the first moving table 4 to open the top of the box 1, and a cushion layer is laid at the bottom of the box. The cushion layer can be a sand cushion layer, and the height of the cushion layer is laid to the bottom of the third side box wall opening.

[0082] The existing hydraulic jacking device is used to push the multiple trusses 15 into the box 1 in sequence, and the trusses are supported by the cushion layer until the first truss pushed in is attached to the third side box wall of the box 1. Then, the outermost truss and the pulling hydraulic cylinder and the guide rod are assembled, the piston rod of the pulling hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the second side box wall by bolts, and the guide rod is fixed to the second side box wall by bolts after passing through the guide sleeve.

[0083] The hydraulic oil cylinder is operated to extend the support plate 17.

[0084] The control system controls the three-axis linkage mechanism and the mechanical arm to work cooperatively to drive the print head to move according to the set planned trajectory, and the rock model is 3D printed. After the rock model is printed to the set height, the corresponding monitoring element is buried, and then the 3D printing is continued. The excavation support structure formed by the multiple trusses 15 is buried in the rock model formed by 3D printing.

[0085] After the rock model is printed, holes are drilled in the top surface, and an electric spark source is placed therein. The parameters such as the measured blasting vibration intensity and vibration frequency in the engineering site are relied on to establish the blasting vibration dynamic similarity criterion. By adjusting the main parameters such as the vibration intensity and frequency of the electric spark source, the similar simulation of the blasting disturbance of the tunnel rock collapse simulation test is realized, and then the first moving table and the second moving table are closed.

[0086] Water is injected into the liquid bag, and the loading hydraulic cylinder is started to load the confining pressure of the rock model at the same time. When the stress of the rock model reaches the target stress, the pressure is kept stable. After the multi-physical information field is stable, the next operation is performed.

[0087] According to the actual needs, the trusses of the excavation part and the trusses of the non-excavation part are determined.

[0088] The transparent protective cover is moved to the junction position of the excavation part and the non-excavation part truss to prevent the surrounding rock collapse from causing harm to the test personnel.

[0089] The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder of the excavation section is retracted, so that the support plate 17 is separated from the rock block model, then the piston rod of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder of the trenchless section truss 15 at the joint position is extended, the excavation section truss 15 is moved towards the second side box wall by a set distance, the excavation process is simulated, after the movement is completed, the hydraulic cylinder of the excavation section truss is extended again, the support plate 17 is in close contact with the rock block model, then the anchor rod of the excavation section truss is constructed to simulate the supporting process. The transparent cover is located below the exposed rock block model part, avoiding the collapse of the giant rock to cause personal injury to the test personnel and damage to the test instrument, and ensuring that the deformation-collapse process of the excavated surrounding rock section is clear and visible.

[0090] During the excavation process, the data collected by the monitoring element is collected in real time.

[0091] The test device of the embodiment solves the problem that the giant rock collapse test is not easy to carry out on the tunnel site, and can realize accurate monitoring of the full-space information parameters of the tunnel environment.

[0092] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not used to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A tunnel surrounding rock rockfall collapse large-scale simulation test device, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a tunneling simulation device, comprising: a box body with an open top, a first moving platform and a second moving platform connected by an opening and closing driving mechanism to switch between open and closed states, the inner surface of the side wall of the box body and the bottom surface of the first and second moving platforms provided with loading components; a printing mechanism comprising a plurality of mechanical arms above the box body, the ends of the mechanical arms connected with printing heads, the mechanical arms connected with a three-axis linkage mechanism; an excavation support mechanism arranged inside the box body, composed of a plurality of excavation support assemblies arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and provided with telescopic driving elements between adjacent excavation support assemblies to simulate the excavation support process.

2. The tunnel surrounding rock rockfall large-scale simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein The top opening and closing driving mechanism adopts a bidirectional screw rod transmission mechanism installed on the top of the box body, the bidirectional screw rod of the bidirectional screw rod transmission mechanism connected with the first and second top moving platforms, and the first and second top moving platforms in sliding connection with the top surface of the box body.

3. The tunnel surrounding rock rockfall large-scale simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-axis linkage mechanism comprises an external frame, the top end of the external frame provided with a first horizontal moving mechanism, the first horizontal moving mechanism connected with a second horizontal moving mechanism to drive the second horizontal moving mechanism to move in a first horizontal direction, the second horizontal moving mechanism connected with a vertical moving mechanism to drive the vertical moving mechanism to move in a second horizontal direction perpendicular to the first horizontal direction, and the vertical moving mechanism connected with the mechanical arms to drive the mechanical arms to move up and down.

4. The tunnel surrounding rock rockfall large-scale simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ends of the mechanical arms are provided with a plurality of printing heads to print rock bodies and fissures with different materials.

5. The tunnel surrounding rock rockfall large-scale simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the box body is provided with an observation platform, and a pedestrian staircase extending from the ground to the platform inside the box body and from the other end to the observation platform.

6. The tunnel surrounding rock rockfall large-scale simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, One side of the box body is provided with a side wall for the excavation support structure to pass through, and the other side is provided with a window with tempered glass installed therein.

7. The tunnel surrounding rock rockfall large-scale simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The loading components on the bottom surface of the first and second moving platforms adopt hydraulic bags, the inner surface of the box body has high stress zones and low stress zones, the loading components in the high stress zones adopt hydraulic bags fixed to the side wall of the box body and a plurality of loading hydraulic cylinders, the hydraulic bags arranged in a first area of the high stress zones, and the plurality of loading hydraulic cylinders distributed in a second area of the high stress zones, and the loading components in the low stress zones adopt hydraulic bags fixed to the side wall of the box body.

8. The tunnel surrounding rock rockfall large-scale simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The utility model also comprises monitoring elements for embedding in the model rock blocks printed by the printing heads. Further, the monitoring elements comprise multi-axis gyroscopes, strain sensors, displacement sensors, microseismic sensors, temperature sensors and vibration frequency sensors for embedding in the model rock blocks.

9. The tunnel surrounding rock rockfall large-scale simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The excavation support assembly comprises a truss, the inner surface of the truss provided with hydraulic cylinders perpendicular to the profile surface of the truss, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinders fixed to the inner surface of the truss, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinders connected with support plates after passing through the truss.

10. The tunnel surrounding rock rockfall large-scale simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The excavation support mechanism is also provided with a transparent protective cover arranged along the contour line of the excavation support mechanism, the bottom end of the transparent protective cover provided with a walking mechanism capable of driving the transparent protective cover to walk along the longitudinal direction of the excavation support mechanism.

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