Glazing unit comprising a functional coating and an absorbing layer

Abstract

The invention relates to a material comprising a transparent substrate comprising at least one near-infrared (IR) absorbing layer and a functional coating. The functional coating is preferably deposited by magnetron sputtering and the near-IR absorbing layer is preferably deposited via a wet process. The aim of the invention is to develop a sun-protection glazing unit, the transmission of which is between 30% and 75%, exhibiting improved thermal performance, in particular very high selectivity, while also ensuring the desired aesthetic appearance, namely an appearance that is as neutral as possible.

Description

GLAZING COMPRISING A FUNCTIONAL COATING AND AN ABSORBENT LAYER

[0001] The invention relates to a material comprising a transparent substrate with a functional coating capable of acting on solar and / or infrared radiation and a near-infrared (IR) absorbing layer deposited beneath the functional coating. The invention also relates to glazing comprising these materials and the process for producing such a material.

[0002] In the following description, the terms "functional coating" or "functional layer" mean "capable of acting on solar and / or infrared radiation," that is, giving the material an anti-solar and / or low-emissivity property. This property can be provided by a coating consisting of a stack of layers, typically an alternation of n metallic functional layer(s) and n+1 dielectric coatings.

[0003] These windows can be used to equip both buildings and vehicles, in particular to reduce the need for air conditioning and / or prevent excessive overheating; these are known as "solar control" windows.

[0004] Depending on the climate of the countries where these windows are installed, and in particular on the levels of sunlight, the desired performance in terms of light transmission and solar factor can vary. Consequently, different ranges of glazing characterized by their level of light transmission are developed.

[0005] For example, there is a strong demand for glazing with light transmission between 30 and 75%, particularly around 60%, and sufficiently low solar factor values.

[0006] The selectivity "S" value is used to evaluate the performance of these glazing units. It corresponds to the ratio of the light transmission TL visin the visible part of the glazing on the solar factor FS of the glazing (S = TL vis / FS). The solar factor "FS or g" corresponds to the ratio in % between the total energy entering the room through the glazing and the incident solar energy.

[0007] Another way to measure the performance of glazing is to determine the TL / TE ratio (Light transmission to energy transmission). In this application, the term "selectivity" also includes the TL / TE ratio.

[0008] Achieving high selectivity, and more specifically a high TL / TE ratio, should not compromise aesthetics, particularly color. Generally, the aim is to achieve the most neutral aesthetic possible in terms of transmission and external reflection, and even internal reflection, as well as color stability at angles, i.e., when viewing from an angle other than the normal angle of the glazing. The Color Rendering Index (CRI) is also a measure of glazing aesthetics. The CRI is an index that measures a light source's ability to accurately reproduce the colors of the objects it illuminates, compared to a reference natural light source (such as daylight). In the case of glazing, the CRI indicates the quality of light transmitted through the glass.Glazing can alter the quality of natural light by modifying its spectrum, which can influence the perceived CRI inside a building.

[0009] The traditional approach to achieving both high selectivity and excellent aesthetics is to develop increasingly sophisticated functional coatings.

[0010] Known selective glazing consists of transparent substrates coated with a functional coating comprising a stack of several metallic functional layers, each sandwiched between two dielectric coatings. Such glazing improves solar protection while maintaining high light transmission. These functional coatings are typically obtained through a series of depositions applied by sputtering, possibly assisted by a magnetic field.

[0011] Conventionally, the faces of a window are designated from the outside of the building, numbering the surfaces of the substrates from the outside towards the inside of the dwelling or room it covers. This means that incident sunlight passes through the faces in ascending numerical order.

[0012] Selective glazing systems are generally double glazing systems with the functional coating located on face 2, i.e. on the outermost substrate of the building, on its face turned towards the interlayer gas gap.

[0013] The invention specifically relates to highly selective glazing, for example comprising complex functional coatings based on metallic functional layers, generally silver-based or transparent conductive oxide-based.

[0014] Silver-based functional coatings are generally more effective in terms of selectivity compared to other known infrared-reflecting functional coatings such as coatings comprising conductive oxide-based layers or other metallic or IR-absorbing layers.

[0015] These functional silver-based coatings are classified as complex due to the number of layers they comprise, the nature of the materials used in these layers, and the precise adjustment of their thickness. The complexity of these functional coatings makes it difficult to achieve both good thermal performance and a specific aesthetic appearance, such as excellent color neutrality and good color stability at angles.

[0016] It is always necessary to improve the performance of multiple insulating glass units, in particular to improve their selectivity.

[0017] The more silver-based functional layers there are, the higher the selectivity can be. Functional coatings with 1, 2, 3, or 4 silver-based layers are available. The selectivities achieved in double glazing with these coatings are 1.2, 1.8, 2.2, and 2.25, respectively. Three-layer silver stacks are described, for example, in WO 2019 / 015917.

[0018] One way to further improve selectivity could be to increase the number of IR-reflective layers. However, increasing the number of silver layers affects the transmitted light spectrum of the glazing. This glazing takes on an increasingly green or yellow tint in transmission.

[0019] Document WO 2006 / 043026 describes a very low light transmission solar control glazing, specifically laminated glazing, with a low-E solar control coating on one surface and an absorbing layer that absorbs radiation with wavelengths greater than 400 nm on the other. The described absorbing layers are based on Ti or NiCrN and TiN. The resulting light transmissions are 14% and 15%, which limits the applications of this glazing to privacy glazing. Thermal performance is not optimal.

[0020] Document WO 2019 / 097192 describes a coated material incorporated into so-called "solar control" and / or "low-emissivity" glazing. The coating comprises an absorbing layer based on NiCr or TiN. The resulting glazing exhibits a selectivity of approximately 1.5 in a double-glazing configuration, which is lower than the objective of the present invention.

[0021] Document WO 2018 / 178547 describes laminated glass whose color is modified by the use of a colored interlayer. This glass also exhibits insufficient selectivity compared to the highest-performing products.

[0022] US patent 5,792,559 also describes glazing units whose color is modified by the use of a colored laminate interlayer. This patent states that it is possible to incorporate selective dyes into the PVB interlayer, dyes that absorb at a single specific wavelength to provide a desired color. This configuration is not the one required in the present invention.

[0023] Document WO 2020 / 079375 describes a material comprising a functional coating on one side and a color-adjusting absorbent coating on the other. This absorbent coating has a visible absorption spectrum. The "combined" glazing offers good aesthetics but reduced selectivity compared to glazing with the functional coating alone.

[0024] Document WO 2018 / 197821 describes colored glazing composed of a clear glass substrate onto which a colored coating is deposited. The coating's colorimetric characteristics are easily adjustable and modifiable. The coating comprises metallic nanoparticles in an inorganic matrix of an oxide, for example, TiOx:Ag. In the various examples described, the colored coatings exhibit plasmonic absorption peaks at 550 nm, 480 nm, 520 nm, and 610 nm (Examples A to D) and 490, 440, and 420 nm (Examples E to G), respectively. Plasmonic absorption refers to absorption related to plasmonic resonance effects of silver nanoparticles in a dielectric matrix.

[0025] Document WO 2022 / 263784 describes a glazing with high selectivity and very good aesthetics and comprising a functional coating and a layered absorbing element which has two absorption peaks in the visible.

[0026] Document WO 2023 / 222519 describes a car roof glazing system comprising an outer / glass / magnetron coating / wet-applied coating / inner layer. The wet-applied coating provides scratch protection and contains visible-absorbing pigments. The targeted light transmission rates (LT) are very low, on the order of 2%.

[0027] The aim of the invention is to develop a solar control glazing, with a transmission of between 30 and 75%, preferably between 45 and 65%, exhibiting both improved thermal performance, in particular very high selectivity, while guaranteeing the desired aesthetic appearance, i.e. the most neutral appearance possible.

[0028] The applicant has developed a new solution that achieves this objective without interfering with the complexity of current functional coatings.

[0029] The present invention also relates to a production method facilitated by the deposition of coatings on only one side of a single substrate.

[0030] The inventors discovered that adding a near-infrared (NIR) absorbing layer beneath the functional coating, particularly between 650 and 950 nm, and one that absorbs as little as possible in the visible spectrum, particularly between 450 and 650 nm, significantly improves thermal performance, especially selectivity, without significantly impacting the aesthetics of the glazing. The near-INR absorbing layer is preferably deposited using a liquid process. Surprisingly, a functional coating such as those deposited by sputtering adheres well to a liquid-deposited absorbing layer. This specific positioning allows for configurations with the functional coating on surface 2 and the absorbing layer in close proximity to the functional coating and positioned in front of it relative to the incoming light. This results in advantageous performance, particularly in terms of selectivity and color.Choosing an absorbent layer deposited by liquid means allows for filtration with adjustable thicknesses that are thinner than those obtained with laminated interlayers or absorbent substrates.

[0031] Preferably, the absorption due to the absorbing layer is measured by depositing only this absorbing layer on ordinary clear glass 2 to 6 mm thick, preferably measured on the glass side. To characterize the near-infrared absorption or the absorption profile, two absorption zones can be defined: a near-infrared zone between 650 and 950 nm (NIRZ) and a visible zone between 450 and 650 nm (VZ).

[0032] The average absorption over a defined area Z between two wavelengths is defined by :

[0033]

[0034] According to the invention, the ratio between the average absorption in the near-infrared ZIR zone and the average absorption in the ZV zone is greater than 2.5, greater than 3, greater than 4, greater than 5, greater than 8, greater than 10, greater than 20.

[0035] Preferably, the two coatings are in contact with each other, meaning that no other intermediate layer is interposed between the two layers mentioned.

[0036] The invention relates to a material suitable for equipping a building or dwelling by delimiting an exterior side and an interior side, comprising at least one transparent substrate, the substrate comprising two main faces, the material comprising at least two coatings deposited on the same main face, the second coating, furthest from the substrate being a functional coating capable of acting on solar radiation and / or infrared radiation, the material being characterized in that the first coating is an absorbing layer in the near IR.

[0037] The material can have a light transmission (LT) between 30 and 75%, preferably between 45 and 65%. The light transmission is greater than 30%, greater than 35%, greater than 40%, greater than 45%.

[0038] The functional coating is, in particular, deposited by magnetron-assisted spraying.

[0039] The absorbing layer in the near-infrared is, in particular, deposited by a wet process. According to this embodiment, this means that the absorbing layer is obtained by crosslinking or hardening a liquid composition.

[0040] The absorbent layer comprises a matrix and a near-infrared (NIR) absorbing substance. The near-infrared absorbing substance may be dispersed or dissolved within the matrix. The matrix may be organic or mineral. An organic matrix may, for example, be based on a transparent or colored polymer, particularly a thermoplastic. The organic matrix may be based on a polymer selected from polycarbonates, acrylic resins (or polymers and copolymers derived from acrylic acid and its esters), acrylate resins (or polymers and copolymers containing acrylate or methacrylate groups), polyimides, polyesters, silicone resins (polysiloxane), polysulfones, inorganic resins, polyurethanes, etc.

[0041] An acrylate resin is a resin containing unreacted acrylate or methacrylate functional groups (acrylic acid esters). The matrix is ​​cured by cross-linking these acrylate groups, for example, by thermal or IR polymerization.

[0042] An acrylic resin comprises a polymer or copolymer derived from acrylic acid or its esters. It should no longer contain unreacted acrylate or methacrylate groups. Acrylic resins include PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) and acrylic copolymers.

[0043] The absorbing substance in the near-infrared (NIR) range can be a mineral or organic dye, such as a NIR (Near-Infrared) dye. NIR dyes are organic compounds designed to absorb light in the near-infrared, generally between 750 and 1100 nm. They are often based on conjugated structures such as cyanines or conjugated chains, incorporating electron-donating and electron-accepting groups to adjust the absorption band. These dyes advantageously exhibit high solubility in organic solvents and thermal stability. Examples of NIR dyes include those marketed by Yamada Chemicals under the names FDB, FDG, and FDR, particularly FDR, which absorbs specifically in the near-infrared, and those marketed by Fabricolor Holding.

[0044] According to the invention, the organic matrix can be obtained from a liquid composition comprising (meth)acrylate compounds selected from monomers, oligomers, or polymers comprising at least one methacrylate functional group and preferably several methacrylate functional groups. For example, the liquid composition comprises at least one monomer or oligomer of said (meth)acrylate compounds, preferably polyfunctional, at least one polymerization initiator, and the absorbent substance. Advantageously, the absorbent substance is present in the initial composition in an amount of between 3% and 20% by weight relative to the total mass of the polymeric compounds present in the polymer compound layer, preferably between 3% and 10% by weight relative to said total mass.The absorbent layer can be deposited by applying the previously described liquid composition at room temperature, by roller coating, spraying, dipping, curtain coating, or spraying, or by spin coating techniques (centrifugal coating). The organic matrix is ​​then advantageously cured by drying at a temperature below 200°C, by UV curing, or by electron beam curing. The thickness of the dried and / or cured polymer layer can range from 0.1 to 50 micrometers, typically from 1 to 25 micrometers or from 5 to 10 micrometers.

[0045] The absorbent layer is, for example, deposited from a liquid composition containing at least one near-infrared absorbent substance, a matrix, and possibly a solvent. If a solvent is present, it may be a ketone. The layer then undergoes a curing step, which may involve drying or UV or IR curing.

[0046] Advantageously, the absorbing layer has an absorption of between 80 and 100%, preferably between 90% and 100%, even more preferably between 92% and 100%, in wavelengths between 680 and 780, preferably 650 to 800nm.

[0047] Preferably, the absorbent layer has an absorption rate of less than 30%, preferably less than 20%, between 450 and 630 nm.

[0048] A functional coating is typically a stack of thin films comprising one or more metallic functional layers, each sandwiched between two dielectric coatings. Advantageously, the functional layer(s) are Ag-based layers, each sandwiched between two dielectric coatings.

[0049] The functional coating may include one, two, three, or four functional metallic layers. According to these embodiments: - the functional coating includes at least one functional metallic layer based on silver, or - the functional coating includes at least two functional metallic layers based on silver, or - the functional coating includes at least three functional metallic layers based on silver.

[0050] Silver-based metallic functional layers comprise at least 95.0%, preferably at least 96.5%, and more preferably at least 98.0% by mass of silver relative to the mass of the functional layer. Preferably, a silver-based metallic functional layer comprises less than 1.0% by mass of metals other than silver relative to the mass of the silver-based metallic functional layer.

[0051] The solution of the invention remains advantageous regardless of the nature of the functional coating. Alternatively, the functional coating can be a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) based coating.

[0052] In particular the substrate is made of glass, especially soda-lime silico-glass or polymeric organic matter.

[0053] Advantageously, the material has a color index a*T between -10 and 5, preferably between -8 and 2 and a color index b*T between -5 and 6 and preferably between -3 and 5.

[0054] Preferably, the material has a color index a*Rext between -6 and 4, preferably between -5 and 2 and a color index b*Rext between -10 and 1 and preferably between -9 and 0.

[0055] The present invention also relates to glazing comprising a material described above, which can be in the form of monolithic glazing, double glazing, triple glazing or multiple glazing.

[0056] Advantageously, when the material according to the invention comprises at least two transparent substrates, the two coatings are arranged on the inner face of the outermost substrate (face 2) when the faces are numbered from the outside in.

[0057] The present invention also relates to a method for producing a material suitable for equipping a building or dwelling by defining an exterior and an interior side, characterized in that it consists of depositing, by wet application, a near-infrared absorbent layer onto a substrate, and then depositing, by magnetron-assisted sputtering, a functional coating onto the previously hardened absorbent layer, capable of acting on solar and / or infrared radiation.

[0058] In particular, the near-IR absorbing layer is deposited from a liquid composition comprising at least one near-IR absorbing substance, a polymeric matrix and possibly a solvent.

[0059] All the luminous characteristics described are obtained according to the principles and methods of the European standard EN 410 relating to the determination of the luminous and solar characteristics of glazing used in glass for construction.

[0060] Luminous characteristics are measured with illuminant D65 at 2° perpendicular to the material mounted in double glazing (unless otherwise specified): - TL corresponds to visible light transmission in %; - g corresponds to the ratio in % between the total energy entering the room through the glazing and the incident solar energy; - S corresponds to the ratio TL / g; - TE corresponds to energy transmission in %; - RE corresponds to energy reflection in %; - AE corresponds to energy absorption in %; - RL ext corresponds to the light reflection in the visible spectrum as a percentage, observer on the outside of space; absorption is measured on the outside and follows the formula: Aext =1-TL-R ext - a*T and b*T correspond to the transmission colors a* and b* in the L*a*b* system; - a*T 30, a*T 45, a*T 60, a*T 75 and b*T 30, b*T 45, b*T 60, b*T 75 correspond to the transmission colors a* and b* in the L*a*b* system with an observer located at an angle of 30, 45, 60, and 75 degrees respectively from the normal; - a*R ext and b*R ext correspond to the reflected colors a* and b* in the L*a*b* system, observer on the outside of space ;- a*R ext 30, a* R ext 45, a* R ext 60, a* R ext 75, and b* R ext 30, b* R ext 45, b* R ext 60 and b* R ext75 corresponds to the reflected colors a* and b* in the L*a*b* system, with the observer on the outside of space and located at angles of 30, 45, 60, and 75 degrees respectively from normal; - CRI T is the color rendering index for transmission, accounting for the first 8 test colors which correspond to colors of moderate saturation and similar average brightness; - CRI R9 T is a score that represents the accuracy with which a light source reproduces an intense red color; T corresponds to: With And And the colors of the layer / product measured in transmission.

[0061] The glazing according to the invention is mounted on a building or a vehicle.

[0062] The invention therefore also relates to glazing mounted on a vehicle or on a building.

[0063] A building's glazing generally delineates two spaces: an "exterior" space and an "interior" space. Sunlight entering a building is considered to travel from the outside to the inside.

[0064] In a double glazing configuration, the present invention makes it possible to obtain a very high selectivity S (in DGU) in particular greater than 2.0 or even greater than 2.1, a solar factor (g) of less than 30%, or even less than 28%, neutral colours in transmission and external reflection.

[0065] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "above" and "below" do not necessarily mean that two layers and / or coatings are in contact with each other. When it is specified that a layer is deposited "in contact" with another layer or coating, this means that there cannot be one (or more) layer(s) interposed between these two layers (or layer and coating).

[0066] In this description, unless otherwise indicated, the expression "based on", used to describe a material or layer as to what it contains, means that the mass fraction of the constituent it comprises is at least 50%, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 90%.

[0067] The advantageous details and features of the invention will become apparent from the following non-limiting examples with reference to the figures, in which: represents a single substrate with the stacking of two coatings according to the invention; represents three possible glazing configurations according to the invention; represents the improvement brought about by the invention in terms of selectivity; and represents the improvement brought about by the invention in terms of CRI. Examples

[0068] La represents a glass substrate (1) coated with a wet-deposited layer (2) and then a magnetron-deposited layer (3). La represents three possible glazing configurations. Laa) represents double glazing. Two glass substrates (1) are connected by a peripheral interlayer (4). Lab) represents multiple glazing. Layer (5) represents a lamination interlayer. Lac) represents triple glazing. Example 1

[0069] Absorbent Layer

[0070] An absorbent layer whose absorption profile corresponds to the profile of the material is deposited on a 4 mm thick clear soda-lime glass substrate. Functional coating

[0071] Functional coatings with one / two / three layers of Ag respectively were deposited using a magnetic field assisted sputtering device (magnetron) on the absorbing layer.

[0072] They exhibit the following stacking patterns:

[0073] Example 1a:

[0074] Glass / Di1 / CF1 / B1 / Di2 / Di3 Example 1b:

[0075] Glass / Di1 / CF1 / B1 / Di2 / CF2 / B2 / Di3, Example 1c:

[0076] Glass / Di1 / CF1 / B1 / Di2 / CF2 / B2 / Di3 / CF3 / B3 / Di4

[0077] where: - the functional metallic layers (CF) are silver (Ag) layers; - the blocking layers (B) are NiCr metallic layers; - the dielectric coatings (Di) include mixed zinc and tin oxide (SnZnOx) layers, silicon nitride (Si3N4) layers, and zinc oxide (ZnO) layers. III. Glazing configuration.

[0078] A double glazing unit was assembled in a traditional manner to obtain the assembly as shown in laa. It has, from the outside in: Substrate 1 / absorbent layer / Functional coating / cavity / substrate 2 in which the cavity is 16 mm and is filled with 90% argon and 10% air. With substrate 1 being 6 mm thick and substrate 2 being 4 mm thick.

[0079] IV. "Sun control" performance and colorimetry

[0080] Table 1 below lists the main optical characteristics obtained. The results obtained for examples 1a, 1b and 1c are compared to Ref.1, Ref.1b, Ref.1c which correspond to glazing of the same configuration, with the functional coating alone, without the absorbing layer.

[0081] Ref.1Ex.1aRef.1bEx.1bRef.1cEx.1cTL82,8373,2874,5666,1969,9762,09TE62,5136,0038,2624, 5431.0222.55L*_T92.9588.6089.1785.1187.0082.99a*_T-2.31-1.20-4.03-1.82-4.04-1.82b*_T 1,982,253,003,332,562.79L*_T_4592,7387,0188,4783,1486,0980.79a*_T_45-4.54-0.89-6.11- 1.54-2.72-1.55b*_T_45-0.812,270,973.46-5,172.84CRI_T98,4292,6594,6190,7395,7191.95CRI R9_T92,2946,1966,7132,6873,1941,37TL / TE1,332,041,952,702,262,75DC*T3,042,545,023,794,783,34

[0082] It can be seen that adding the absorbing layer beneath the functional coating has significantly improved selectivity (a gain of 0.75 is observed for the TL / TE ratio in example 1b), while also improving transmission neutrality, whether viewed at normal angles or at a 45° angle. The CRI values ​​are only slightly degraded. CRI T remains above 90.

[0083] Lamontre describes the improvement of the TL / TE ratio for examples 1a (functional coating with a single Ag layer), 1b (with 2 Ag layers), and 1c (with 3 Ag layers). Lamontre also describes the effect of the invention on the CRI of the glazing.

[0084] The invention makes it possible to considerably improve the selectivity of the glazing while maintaining an excellent CRI T which remains above 90. It could have been feared that the absorption of light in wavelengths between 650 and 750 nm would have been detrimental to the CRI R9 T values ​​but the observed decrease remains quite acceptable. Example 2 I. Absorbent layer

[0085] An absorbent layer is deposited in liquid form onto a 4 mm thick clear soda-lime glass substrate as follows. A liquid composition is prepared by mixing the absorbent components listed in the table below in an organic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) matrix (MW120000, Sigma-Aldrich), followed by a dissolution step in a methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) solvent with a PMMA:MEK ratio of 30:100. The quantities of absorbent components are listed in Table 2 below and are expressed as weight percentages in the PMMA matrix.

[0086] Absorbent componentsEx 2aEx 2bEx 2cEx 2dEx 2eEx 2fFD009 from Yamada Chemicals (JP)3,3603,2902,9402,2900,6223,140FDG002 from Yamada Chemicals (JP)0.13500,12000.07680.00430.08110.0005FDR-0041 from Yamada Chemicals (JP)0.6521.5402.2302.2602.8301.270Fhi 74641 from Fabricolor holding (US)0.00020.00130.38901.27000.31501.2700

[0087] The liquid composition is applied at room temperature to the glass substrate using an Elcometer adjustable Baker bar coater. The bar height is adjusted to achieve a distance of 50 µm between the bar and the glass surface. The coating is cured overnight at room temperature. After curing, the coating has a thickness of 10 µm. II. Functional coating

[0088] A three-layer functional Ag coating was deposited using a magnetic field-assisted sputtering (magnetron) device onto the substrate containing the absorbing layer. It exhibits the following stacking pattern: Glass / Di1 / CF1 / B1 / Di2 / CF2 / B2 / Di3 / CF3 / B3 / Di4

[0089] in which the functional metallic layers (CF) are silver (Ag) layers; the blocking layers (B) are NiCr metallic layers; the dielectric coatings (Di) include mixed zinc and tin oxide (SnZnOx) layers, silicon nitride (Si3N4) layers, and zinc oxide (ZnO) layers. III. Glazing configuration.

[0090] A double glazing unit was assembled in a traditional manner to obtain the assembly as shown in laa. It has, from the outside in: Substrate 1 / absorbent layer / Functional coating / cavity / substrate 2 in which the cavity is 16 mm and is filled with 90% argon and 10% air. With substrate 1 being 6 mm thick and substrate 2 being 4 mm thick. Counter-example:

[0091] The reference example (Ref 2.) has the same functional coating but no absorbent layer.

[0092] IV. "Sun control" performance and colorimetry

[0093] Table 3 below lists the main optical characteristics obtained.

[0094] Ref.2Ex.2aEx.2bEx.2cEx.2dEx.2eEx.2fTL (%)67,360,060,06060,060,060,0g (%)34,929,228,126,825,927,825,6S1,932,062,142,242,322,162,35TE (%)32,827,025,824,523,525,623,2RE (%)42,832,832,431,029,831,629,8AE (%)34,240,341,844,646,642,847,0a*T-4,24,41,3-2,5-6,0-2,0-7,0a*T 30-4,84,31,1-2,8-6,5-2,3-7,5a*T 45-5,14,41,2-2,8-6,7-2,4-7,7a*T 60-5,44,51,3-2,7-6,6-2,4-7,6a*T 75-6,13,30,5-3,0-6,5-2,9-7,3b*T2,15,05,05,05,02,05,9b*T 302,45,45,45,45,42,36,3b*T 452,85,85,85,85,92,86,7b*T 604,17,06,96,97,04,07,8b*T 755,47,87,87,87,85,38,5a*R ext-1,73,01,3-0,8-2,9-0,4-3,5a*R ext 30-1,73,61,6-0,6-2,9-0,3-3,5a*R ext 1 45-2,93,21,0-1,5-4,0-1,2-4,7a*R ext 60-5,12,40,0-2,7-5,5-2,5-6,2a*R ext 75-5,62,40,3-2,2-4,8-2,2-5,4b*R ext-6,5-4,6-4,5-4,4-4,1-6,0-3,7b*R ext 30-5,8-4,2-4,2-4,1-3,8-5,7-3,3b*R ext 45-5,0-3,4-3,4-3,3-2,9-5,0-2,4b*R ext 60-4,1-2,6-2,6-2,5-2,1-4,2-1,6b*R ext 75-1,7-0,5-0,5-0,5-0,2-1,80,2RL ext11,29,99,99,99,910,010,0RL ext 3011,410,010,010,010,010,010,0RL ext 4513,111,311,311,311,311,311,3RL ext 6019,817,117,117,117,217,117.2RL ext 7542,738,138,038,038,038,038.1CRI T95,894,693,191,390,090,089.4CRI R9 T76,890,070,050,038,339,235,4Dc* T4,76,75,25,67,82,89,1,

[0095] It can be seen that adding the absorbent layer beneath the functional coating significantly reduced the TE (from 32.8% to 23.5% for example 2d) without significantly decreasing the TL (from 67.3% to 60.0%). This results in a marked improvement in selectivity (TL / TE ratio from 1.93 to 2.35 for example 2f). At the same time, good aesthetic values ​​are maintained (neutral transmission and external reflection) whether the observer is at normal or angled viewing angles. All CRI T values ​​remain above 90.

[0096] Other configurations can be achieved without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0097] In the case of a dual configuration, any configuration can be suitable, such as for example 4 / 16 / 4, 6 / 16 / 4. The thickness of the cavity can vary as well as its composition, which can also be 100% air.

[0098] The absorbing element can be introduced in the form of a soluble dye, pigment, metallic nanoparticles, semiconducting nanoparticles, etc.

[0099] The functional coating could be based on 1 or 2 layers of Ag. The barrier layers could be made of NiCr instead of Ti.

Claims

1. Material suitable for equipping a building or dwelling by delimiting an exterior side and an interior side, comprising at least one transparent substrate, the substrate comprising two main faces, the material comprising at least two coatings deposited on the same main face, the second coating, furthest from the substrate being a functional coating capable of acting on solar radiation and / or infrared radiation, the material being characterized in that the first coating is an absorbing layer in the near IR.

2. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that the absorbing layer in the near IR is deposited by wet method.

3. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the absorbing layer in the near IR has a thickness greater than 1 µm, preferably greater than 5 µm.

4. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the absorbing layer in the near IR has a thickness of less than 100 µm, preferably less than 50 µm or less than 25 µm.

5. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the near-IR absorbing layer comprises at least one near-IR absorbing substance, dispersed or dissolved in an organic or mineral matrix.

6. Material according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the matrix is ​​organic and is based on a transparent polymer.

7. Material according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the transparent polymer is selected from polycarbonates, acrylic resins, acrylate resins, polyimides, polyesters, silicone resins (polysiloxane), polysulfones, inorganic resins, polyurethanes.

8. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the near-IR absorbing layer comprises at least one absorbing substance selected from organic dyes.

9. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the near-IR absorbing layer has an absorption profile defined by two zones: - a near-infrared zone between 650 and 950 nm (ZIR) and - a visible zone between 450 and 650 nm (ZV), such that the ratio between the average ZIR absorption and the ZV absorption is greater than 2.5, greater than 3, greater than 4, greater than 5, greater than 8, greater than 10, greater than 20.

10. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the functional coating is deposited by magnetron-assisted spraying.

11. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material has a light transmission TL greater than or equal to 30%.

12. Material according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the absorbing layer is deposited from a liquid composition comprising at least one absorbing substance in the near IR, a matrix and optionally a solvent.

13. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the absorbing layer has an absorption of between 80 and 100%, preferably between 90% and 100%, more preferably between 92% and 100%, in wavelengths between 680 and 780, preferably between 650 and 800 nm.

14. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the absorbing layer has a light absorption of less than 30%, preferably less than 20%, between 450 and 630 nm.

15. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the functional coating is a stack of thin films comprising one or more metallic functional layers, each disposed between two dielectric coatings.

16. Material according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the functional layer or layers are silver-based layers.

17. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the substrate is made of glass, in particular soda-lime silico-glass or of polymeric organic matter.

18. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a color index a*T between -10 and 5, preferably between -8 and 2 and a color index b*T between -5 and 6 and preferably between -3 and 5.

19. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a color index a*Rext between -6 and 4, preferably between -5 and 2 and a color index b*Rext between -10 and 1 and preferably between -9 and 0.

20. Glazing comprising a material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is in the form of monolithic, double, triple or multiple glazing.

21. Glazing according to the preceding claim, characterized in that, when the material comprises at least two transparent substrates, the two coatings are arranged on the inner face of the outermost substrate (face 2) when the faces are numbered from the outside in.

22. A method for producing a material suitable for equipping a building or living space by delimiting an exterior side and an interior side, characterized in that it consists of depositing, by wet process, on a transparent substrate, a layer absorbing in the near IR, then depositing on the previously hardened absorbing layer, by magnetron-assisted spraying, a functional coating capable of acting on solar radiation and / or infrared radiation.

23. A method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the near-IR absorbing layer is deposited from a liquid composition comprising at least one near-IR absorbing substance, a polymeric matrix and optionally a solvent.

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